51
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Lu H, Lu Y, Xie Y, Qiu S, Li X, Fan Z. Rational combination with PDK1 inhibition overcomes cetuximab resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. JCI Insight 2019; 4:131106. [PMID: 31578313 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab, an EGFR-blocking antibody, is currently approved for treatment of metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but its response rate is limited. In addition to blocking EGFR-stimulated cell signaling, cetuximab can induce endocytosis of ASCT2, a glutamine transporter associated with EGFR in a complex, leading to glutathione biosynthesis inhibition and cellular sensitization to ROS. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK1), a key mitochondrial enzyme overexpressed in cancer cells, redirects glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation toward aerobic glycolysis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that targeting PDK1 is a rational approach to synergize with cetuximab through ROS overproduction. We found that combination of PDK1 knockdown or inhibition by dichloroacetic acid (DCA) with ASCT2 knockdown or with cetuximab treatment induced ROS overproduction and apoptosis in HNSCC cells, and this effect was independent of effective inhibition of EGFR downstream pathways but could be lessened by N-acetyl cysteine, an anti-oxidative agent. In several cetuximab-resistant HNSCC xenograft models, DCA plus cetuximab induced marked tumor regression, whereas either agent alone failed to induce tumor regression. Our findings call for potentially novel clinical trials of combining cetuximab and DCA in patients with cetuximab-sensitive EGFR-overexpressing tumors and patients with cetuximab-resistant EGFR-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Lu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yangyiran Xie
- Program in Neuroscience, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Songbo Qiu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xinqun Li
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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Molecular mechanisms of Cisplatin- induced placental toxicity and teratogenicity in rats and the ameliorating role of N-acetyl-cysteine. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 115:105579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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53
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CD98hc (SLC3A2) sustains amino acid and nucleotide availability for cell cycle progression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14065. [PMID: 31575908 PMCID: PMC6773781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) forms heteromeric amino acid (AA) transporters by interacting with different light chains. Cancer cells overexpress CD98hc-transporters in order to meet their increased nutritional and antioxidant demands, since they provide branched-chain AA (BCAA) and aromatic AA (AAA) availability while protecting cells from oxidative stress. Here we show that BCAA and AAA shortage phenocopies the inhibition of mTORC1 signalling, protein synthesis and cell proliferation caused by CD98hc ablation. Furthermore, our data indicate that CD98hc sustains glucose uptake and glycolysis, and, as a consequence, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Thus, loss of CD98hc triggers a dramatic reduction in the nucleotide pool, which leads to replicative stress in these cells, as evidenced by the enhanced DNA Damage Response (DDR), S-phase delay and diminished rate of mitosis, all recovered by nucleoside supplementation. In addition, proper BCAA and AAA availability sustains the expression of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. In this regard, BCAA and AAA shortage results in decreased content of deoxynucleotides that triggers replicative stress, also recovered by nucleoside supplementation. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that CD98hc plays a central role in AA and glucose cellular nutrition, redox homeostasis and nucleotide availability, all key for cell proliferation.
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Milković L, Tomljanović M, Čipak Gašparović A, Novak Kujundžić R, Šimunić D, Konjevoda P, Mojzeš A, Đaković N, Žarković N, Gall Trošelj K. Nutritional Stress in Head and Neck Cancer Originating Cell Lines: The Sensitivity of the NRF2-NQO1 Axis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091001. [PMID: 31470592 PMCID: PMC6769674 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional stress disturbs the cellular redox-status, which is characterized by the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The NRF2-NQO1 axis represents a protective mechanism against ROS. Its strength is cell type-specific. FaDu, Cal 27 and Detroit 562 cells differ with respect to basal NQO1 activity. These cells were grown for 48 hours in nutritional conditions (NC): (a) Low glucose-NC2, (b) no glucose, no glutamine-NC3, (c) no glucose with glutamine-NC4. After determining the viability, proliferation and ROS generation, NC2 and NC3 were chosen for further exploration. These conditions were also applied to IMR-90 fibroblasts. The transcripts/transcript variants of NRF2 and NQO1 were quantified and transcript variants were characterized. The proteins (NRF2, NQO1 and TP53) were analyzed by a western blot in both cellular fractions. Under NC2, the NRF2-NQO1 axis did not appear activated in the cancer cell lines. Under NC3, the NRF2-NQO1axis appeared slightly activated in Detroit 562. There are opposite trends with respect to TP53 nuclear signal when comparing Cal 27 and Detroit 562 to FaDu, under NC2 and NC3. The strong activation of the NRF2-NQO1 axis in IMR-90 resulted in an increased expression of catalytically deficient NQO1, due to NQO1*2/*2 polymorphism (rs1800566). The presented results call for a comprehensive exploration of the stress response in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Milković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Tomljanović
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Čipak Gašparović
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Novak Kujundžić
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dina Šimunić
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paško Konjevoda
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Mojzeš
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Đaković
- University Hospital Centre Sisters of Charity, Institute for Clinical Medical Research and Education, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Žarković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Koraljka Gall Trošelj
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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55
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Patel D, Kharkar PS, Gandhi NS, Kaur E, Dutt S, Nandave M. Novel analogs of sulfasalazine as system x c - antiporter inhibitors: Insights from the molecular modeling studies. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:758-777. [PMID: 31199023 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
System xc - (Sxc - ), a cystine-glutamate antiporter, is established as an interesting target for the treatment of several pathologies including epileptic seizures, glioma, neurodegenerative diseases, and multiple sclerosis. Erastin, sorafenib, and sulfasalazine (SSZ) are a few of the established inhibitors of Sxc - . However, its pharmacological inhibition with novel and potent agents is still very much required due to potential issues, for example, potency, bioavailability, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, with the current lead molecules such as SSZ. Therefore, in this study, we report the synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of SSZ derivatives along with molecular docking and dynamics simulations using the developed homology model of xCT chain of Sxc - antiporter. The generated homology model attempted to address the limitations of previously reported comparative protein models, thereby increasing the confidence in the computational modeling studies. The main objective of the present study was to derive a suitable lead structure from SSZ eliminating its potential issues for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a deadly and malignant grade IV astrocytoma. The designed compounds with favorable Sxc - inhibitory activity following in vitro Sxc - inhibition studies, showed moderately potent cytotoxicity in patient-derived human glioblastoma cells, thereby generating potential interest in these compounds. The xCT-ligand model can be further optimized in search of potent lead molecules for novel drug discovery and development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavalkumar Patel
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ekjot Kaur
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
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56
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Lv H, Zhen C, Liu J, Yang P, Hu L, Shang P. Unraveling the Potential Role of Glutathione in Multiple Forms of Cell Death in Cancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3150145. [PMID: 31281572 PMCID: PMC6590529 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3150145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione is the principal intracellular antioxidant buffer against oxidative stress and mainly exists in the forms of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The processes of glutathione synthesis, transport, utilization, and metabolism are tightly controlled to maintain intracellular glutathione homeostasis and redox balance. As for cancer cells, they exhibit a greater ROS level than normal cells in order to meet the enhanced metabolism and vicious proliferation; meanwhile, they also have to develop an increased antioxidant defense system to cope with the higher oxidant state. Growing numbers of studies have implicated that altering the glutathione antioxidant system is associated with multiple forms of programmed cell death in cancer cells. In this review, we firstly focus on glutathione homeostasis from the perspectives of glutathione synthesis, distribution, transportation, and metabolism. Then, we discuss the function of glutathione in the antioxidant process. Afterwards, we also summarize the recent advance in the understanding of the mechanism by which glutathione plays a key role in multiple forms of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy. Finally, we highlight the glutathione-targeting therapeutic approaches toward cancers. A comprehensive review on the glutathione homeostasis and the role of glutathione depletion in programmed cell death provide insight into the redox-based research concerning cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Zhejiang Heye Health Technology Co. Ltd., Anji, Zhejiang 313300, China
- Research Centre of Microfluidic Chip for Health Care and Environmental Monitoring, Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Taicang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Chenxiao Zhen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Research Centre of Microfluidic Chip for Health Care and Environmental Monitoring, Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Taicang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Lijiang Hu
- Zhejiang Heye Health Technology Co. Ltd., Anji, Zhejiang 313300, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Research Centre of Microfluidic Chip for Health Care and Environmental Monitoring, Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Taicang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
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57
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Beinat C, Gowrishankar G, Shen B, Alam IS, Robinson E, Haywood T, Patel CB, Azevedo EC, Castillo JB, Ilovich O, Koglin N, Schmitt-Willich H, Berndt M, Mueller A, Zerna M, Srinivasan A, Gambhir SS. The Characterization of 18F-hGTS13 for Molecular Imaging of xC− Transporter Activity with PET. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1812-1817. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.225870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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58
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Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer: Role of DNA Repair. Cancers (Basel) 2019. [PMID: 30669514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010119]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. It is initially responsive to cisplatin and carboplatin, two DNA damaging agents used in first line therapy. However, almost invariably, patients relapse with a tumor resistant to subsequent treatment with platinum containing drugs. Several mechanisms associated with the development of acquired drug resistance have been reported. Here we focused our attention on DNA repair mechanisms, which are fundamental for recognition and removal of platinum adducts and hence for the ability of these drugs to exert their activity. We analyzed the major DNA repair pathways potentially involved in drug resistance, detailing gene mutation, duplication or deletion as well as polymorphisms as potential biomarkers for drug resistance development. We dissected potential ways to overcome DNA repair-associated drug resistance thanks to the development of new combinations and/or drugs directly targeting DNA repair proteins or taking advantage of the vulnerability arising from DNA repair defects in EOCs.
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59
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Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. It is initially responsive to cisplatin and carboplatin, two DNA damaging agents used in first line therapy. However, almost invariably, patients relapse with a tumor resistant to subsequent treatment with platinum containing drugs. Several mechanisms associated with the development of acquired drug resistance have been reported. Here we focused our attention on DNA repair mechanisms, which are fundamental for recognition and removal of platinum adducts and hence for the ability of these drugs to exert their activity. We analyzed the major DNA repair pathways potentially involved in drug resistance, detailing gene mutation, duplication or deletion as well as polymorphisms as potential biomarkers for drug resistance development. We dissected potential ways to overcome DNA repair-associated drug resistance thanks to the development of new combinations and/or drugs directly targeting DNA repair proteins or taking advantage of the vulnerability arising from DNA repair defects in EOCs.
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60
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Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer: Role of DNA Repair. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010119. [PMID: 30669514 PMCID: PMC6357127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. It is initially responsive to cisplatin and carboplatin, two DNA damaging agents used in first line therapy. However, almost invariably, patients relapse with a tumor resistant to subsequent treatment with platinum containing drugs. Several mechanisms associated with the development of acquired drug resistance have been reported. Here we focused our attention on DNA repair mechanisms, which are fundamental for recognition and removal of platinum adducts and hence for the ability of these drugs to exert their activity. We analyzed the major DNA repair pathways potentially involved in drug resistance, detailing gene mutation, duplication or deletion as well as polymorphisms as potential biomarkers for drug resistance development. We dissected potential ways to overcome DNA repair-associated drug resistance thanks to the development of new combinations and/or drugs directly targeting DNA repair proteins or taking advantage of the vulnerability arising from DNA repair defects in EOCs.
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61
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Paramasivan P, Kankia IH, Langdon SP, Deeni YY. Emerging role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in the mechanism of action and resistance to anticancer therapies. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:490-515. [PMID: 35582567 PMCID: PMC8992506 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a transcription factor, is a master regulator of an array of genes related to oxidative and electrophilic stress that promote and maintain redox homeostasis. NRF2 function is well studied in in vitro, animal and general physiology models. However, emerging data has uncovered novel functionality of this transcription factor in human diseases such as cancer, autism, anxiety disorders and diabetes. A key finding in these emerging roles has been its constitutive upregulation in multiple cancers promoting pro-survival phenotypes. The survivability pathways in these studies were mostly explained by classical NRF2 activation involving KEAP-1 relief and transcriptional induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) neutralizing and cytoprotective drug-metabolizing enzymes (phase I, II, III and 0). Further, NRF2 status and activation is associated with lowered cancer therapeutic efficacy and the eventual emergence of therapeutic resistance. Interestingly, we and others have provided further evidence of direct NRF2 regulation of anticancer drug targets like receptor tyrosine kinases and DNA damage and repair proteins and kinases with implications for therapy outcome. This novel finding demonstrates a renewed role of NRF2 as a key modulatory factor informing anticancer therapeutic outcomes, which extends beyond its described classical role as a ROS regulator. This review will provide a knowledge base for these emerging roles of NRF2 in anticancer therapies involving feedback and feed forward models and will consolidate and present such findings in a systematic manner. This places NRF2 as a key determinant of action, effectiveness and resistance to anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Paramasivan
- Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim H. Kankia
- Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina PMB 2218, Nigeria
| | - Simon P. Langdon
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Yusuf Y. Deeni
- Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom
- Correspondence Address: Prof. Yusuf Y Deeni, Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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62
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Hypoxia-inducible factors promote breast cancer stem cell specification and maintenance in response to hypoxia or cytotoxic chemotherapy. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 141:175-212. [PMID: 30691683 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have revealed that breast cancers contain regions of intratumoral hypoxia (reduced oxygen availability), which activates hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). The relationship between intratumoral hypoxia, distant metastasis and cancer mortality has been well established. A major mechanism by which intratumoral hypoxia contributes to disease progression is through induction of the breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) phenotype. BCSCs are a small subpopulation of cells with the capability for self-renewal. BCSCs have been implicated in resistance to chemotherapy, disease recurrence, and metastasis. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HIF-dependent induction of the BCSC phenotype in response to hypoxia or chemotherapy.
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63
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Synthesis and evaluation of an 18F-labeled boramino acid analog of aminosuberic acid for PET imaging of the antiporter system xC−. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3579-3584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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64
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Kawahara B, Ramadoss S, Chaudhuri G, Janzen C, Sen S, Mascharak PK. Carbon monoxide sensitizes cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines toward cisplatin via attenuation of levels of glutathione and nuclear metallothionein. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 191:29-39. [PMID: 30458366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance remains a major impediment to effective treatment of ovarian cancer. Despite initial platinum responsiveness, thiol-containing peptides and proteins, glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT), bind and inactivate cisplatin in cancer cells. Indeed, high levels of GSH and MT in ovarian cancers impart cisplatin resistance and are predictive of poor prognosis. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), an enzyme involved in sulfur metabolism, is overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues and is itself associated with cisplatin resistance. Treatment with exogenous carbon monoxide (CO), a known inhibitor of CBS, may mitigate cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by attenuation of GSH and MT levels. Using a photo-activated CO-releasing molecule (photoCORM), [Mn(CO)3(phen)(PTA)]CF3SO3 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, PTA = 1,3,5-triza-7-phosphaadamantane) we assessed the ability of CO to sensitize established cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines to cisplatin. Cisplatin-resistant cells, treated with both cisplatin and CO, exhibited significantly lower cell viability and increased poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage versus those treated with cisplatin alone. These cisplatin-resistant cell lines overexpressed CBS and had increased steady state levels of GSH and expression of nuclear MT. Both CO treatment and lentiviral-mediated silencing of CBS attenuated GSH and nuclear MT expression in cisplatin resistant cells. We have demonstrated that CO, delivered from a photoCORM, sensitizes established cisplatin-resistant cell lines to cisplatin. Furthermore, we have presented strong evidence that the effects of CO in circumventing chemotherapeutic drug resistance is at least in part mediated by the inactivation of endogenous CBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kawahara
- Contribution from Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States of America
| | - Sivakumar Ramadoss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Gautam Chaudhuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Carla Janzen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Suvajit Sen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America.
| | - Pradip K Mascharak
- Contribution from Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States of America.
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65
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Ortega-Ferrusola C, Martin Muñoz P, Ortiz-Rodriguez JM, Anel-López L, Balao da Silva C, Álvarez M, de Paz P, Tapia JA, Anel L, Silva- Rodríguez A, Aitken RJ, Gil MC, Gibb Z, Peña FJ. Depletion of thiols leads to redox deregulation, production of 4-hydroxinonenal and sperm senescence: a possible role for GSH regulation in spermatozoa†. Biol Reprod 2018; 100:1090-1107. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Martin Muñoz
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Ortiz-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Luis Anel-López
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of León, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Álvarez
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of León, Spain
| | - Paulino de Paz
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of León, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Tapia
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Luis Anel
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of León, Spain
| | - Antonio Silva- Rodríguez
- Facility of Innovation and Analysis in Animal Source Foodstuffs, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Robert J Aitken
- Facility of Innovation and Analysis in Animal Source Foodstuffs, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - M Cruz Gil
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Zamira Gibb
- Priority Research Center in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fernando J Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Nunes SC, Serpa J. Glutathione in Ovarian Cancer: A Double-Edged Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071882. [PMID: 29949936 PMCID: PMC6073569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) has several roles in a cell, such as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, an intervenient in xenobiotics metabolism and a reservoir of cysteine. All of these activities are important in the maintenance of normal cells homeostasis but can also constitute an advantage for cancer cells, allowing disease progression and resistance to therapy. Ovarian cancer is the major cause of death from gynaecologic disease and the second most common gynaecologic malignancy worldwide. In over 50 years, the overall survival of patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer has not changed, regardless of the efforts concerning early detection, radical surgery and new therapeutic approaches. Late diagnosis and resistance to therapy are the main causes of this outcome, and GSH is profoundly associated with chemoresistance to platinum salts, which, together with taxane-based chemotherapy and surgery, are the main therapy strategies in ovarian cancer treatment. Herein, we present some insights into the role of GSH in the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer, and also point out how some strategies underlying the dependence of ovarian cancer cells on GSH can be further used to improve the effectiveness of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia C Nunes
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Koppula P, Zhang Y, Zhuang L, Gan B. Amino acid transporter SLC7A11/xCT at the crossroads of regulating redox homeostasis and nutrient dependency of cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:12. [PMID: 29764521 PMCID: PMC5993148 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells often upregulate nutrient transporters to fulfill their increased biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs, and to maintain redox homeostasis. One nutrient transporter frequently overexpressed in human cancers is the cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11; also known as xCT). SLC7A11 promotes cystine uptake and glutathione biosynthesis, resulting in protection from oxidative stress and ferroptotic cell death. Recent studies have unexpectedly revealed that SLC7A11 also plays critical roles in glutamine metabolism and regulates the glucose and glutamine dependency of cancer cells. This review discusses the roles of SLC7A11 in regulating the antioxidant response and nutrient dependency of cancer cells, explores our current understanding of SLC7A11 regulation in cancer metabolism, and highlights key open questions for future studies in this emerging research area. A deeper understanding of SLC7A11 in cancer metabolism may identify new therapeutic opportunities to target this important amino acid transporter for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranavi Koppula
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6767 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6767 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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68
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Zheng Y, Ritzenthaler JD, Burke TJ, Otero J, Roman J, Watson WH. Age-dependent oxidation of extracellular cysteine/cystine redox state (E h(Cys/CySS)) in mouse lung fibroblasts is mediated by a decline in Slc7a11 expression. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 118:13-22. [PMID: 29458149 PMCID: PMC5884717 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with progressive oxidation of the extracellular environment. The redox state of human plasma, defined by the concentrations of cysteine (Cys) and cystine (CySS), becomes more oxidized as we age. Recently, we showed that fibroblasts isolated from the lungs of young and old mice retain this differential phenotype; old cells produce and maintain a more oxidizing extracellular redox potential (Eh(Cys/CySS)) than young cells. Microarray analysis identified down-regulation of Slc7a11, the light subunit of the CySS/glutamate transporter, as a potential mediator of age-related oxidation in these cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanistic link between Slc7a11 expression and extracellular Eh(Cys/CySS). Sulforaphane treatment or overexpression of Slc7a11 was used to increase Slc7a11 in lung fibroblasts from old mice, and sulfasalazine treatment or siRNA-mediated knock down was used to decrease Slc7a11 in young fibroblasts. Slc7a11 mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR, Slc7a11 activity was determined by measuring the rate of glutamate release, Cys, CySS, glutathione (GSH) and its disulfide (GSSG) were measured by HPLC, and Eh(Cys/CySS) was calculated from the Nernst equation. The results showed that both Eh(Cys/CySS) and Eh(GSH/GSSG) were more oxidized in the conditioned media of old cells than in young cells. Up-regulation of Slc7a11 via overexpression or sulforaphane treatment restored extracellular Eh(Cys/CySS) in cultures of old cells, whereas down-regulation reproduced the oxidizing Eh(Cys/CySS) in young cells. Only sulforaphane treatment was able to increase total GSH and restore Eh(GSH/GSSG), whereas overexpression, knock down and sulfasalazine had no effect on these parameters. In addition, inhibition of GSH synthesis with buthionine sulfoximine had no effect on the ability of cells to restore their extracellular redox potential in response to an oxidative challenge. In conclusion, our study reveals Slc7a11 is the key regulator of age-dependent changes in extracellular Eh(Cys/CySS) in primary mouse lung fibroblasts, and its effects are not dependent on GSH synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
| | - Jeffrey D Ritzenthaler
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
| | - Tom J Burke
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
| | - Javier Otero
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
| | - Jesse Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States; Department of Medicine, Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States; Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 800 Zorn Avenue, Louisville, KY 40206, United States.
| | - Walter H Watson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States; Department of Medicine, Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
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69
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Lee RFS, Riedel T, Escrig S, Maclachlan C, Knott GW, Davey CA, Johnsson K, Meibom A, Dyson PJ. Differences in cisplatin distribution in sensitive and resistant ovarian cancer cells: a TEM/NanoSIMS study. Metallomics 2018; 9:1413-1420. [PMID: 28913538 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00153c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used anti-cancer drug, but its effect is often limited by acquired resistance to the compound during treatment. Here, we use a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoscale-secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) to reveal differences between cisplatin uptake in human ovarian cancers cells, which are known to be susceptible to acquired resistance to cisplatin. Both cisplatin sensitive and resistant cell lines were studied, revealing markedly less cisplatin in the resistant cell line. In cisplatin sensitive cells, Pt was seen to distribute diffusely in the cells with hotspots in the nucleolus, mitochondria, and autophagosomes. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to validate the NanoSIMS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald F S Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tina Riedel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphane Escrig
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Catherine Maclachlan
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Electron Microscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Graham W Knott
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Electron Microscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Curt A Davey
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551 and NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Anders Meibom
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. and Center for Advanced Surface Analysis, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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70
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Zhong W, Weiss HL, Jayswal RD, Hensley PJ, Downes LM, St Clair DK, Chaiswing L. Extracellular redox state shift: A novel approach to target prostate cancer invasion. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:99-109. [PMID: 29421238 PMCID: PMC5845758 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) and the cysteine/glutamate transporter (Cys)/(xCT) are tumor microenvironment (TME) redox state homeostasis regulators. Altered expression of ECSOD and xCT can lead to imbalance of the TME redox state and likely have a profound effect on cancer invasion. In the present study, we investigated whether ECSOD and xCT could be therapeutic targets for prostate cancer (PCa) invasion. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry of tumor microarray PCa tissues (N = 165) with high Gleason scores indicated that xCT protein expression is significantly increased while ECSOD protein expression is significantly decreased. Metastatic PCa indicated ECSOD protein expression is significantly decreased in epithelial area whereas xCT protein expression is significantly increased in stromal area. Furthermore, inhibition of extracellular O2•- by overexpression of ECSOD or alteration of the extracellular Cys/CySS ratio by knockdown of xCT protein inhibited PCa cell invasion. Simultaneous overexpression of ECSOD and knockdown xCT inhibited PCa cell invasion more than overexpression of ECSOD or knockdown of xCT alone. In the co-culturing system, simultaneous overexpression of ECSOD and knockdown of xCT in prostate stromal WPMY-1 cells inhibited PCa cell invasiveness more than overexpression of ECSOD alone. The decrease in PCa invasion correlated with increased of extracellular H2O2 levels. Notably, overexpression of catalase in TME reversed the inhibitory effect of ECSOD on cancer cell invasion. CONCLUSION Impaired ECSOD activity and an upregulated of xCT protein expression may be clinical features of an aggressive PCa, particularly metastatic cancers and/or those with a high Gleason score. Therefore, shifting the extracellular redox state toward an oxidizing status by targeted modulation of ECSOD and xCT, in both cancer and stromal cells, may provide a greater strategy for potential therapeutic interventions of aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Zhong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- The Markey Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Rani D Jayswal
- The Markey Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | | | - Laura M Downes
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Daret K St Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Luksana Chaiswing
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
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71
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Brütting C, Narasimhan H, Hoffmann F, Kornhuber ME, Staege MS, Emmer A. Investigation of Endogenous Retrovirus Sequences in the Neighborhood of Genes Up-regulated in a Neuroblastoma Model after Treatment with Hypoxia-Mimetic Cobalt Chloride. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29515560 PMCID: PMC5826361 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) have been found to be associated with different diseases, e.g., multiple sclerosis (MS). Most human ERVs integrated in our genome are not competent to replicate and these sequences are presumably silent. However, transcription of human ERVs can be reactivated, e.g., by hypoxia. Interestingly, MS has been linked to hypoxia since decades. As some patterns of demyelination are similar to white matter ischemia, hypoxic damage is discussed. Therefore, we are interested in the association between hypoxia and ERVs. As a model, we used human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells after treatment with the hypoxia-mimetic cobalt chloride and analyzed differences in the gene expression profiles in comparison to untreated cells. The vicinity of up-regulated genes was scanned for endogenous retrovirus-derived sequences. Five genes were found to be strongly up-regulated in SH-SY5Y cells after treatment with cobalt chloride: clusterin, glutathione peroxidase 3, insulin-like growth factor 2, solute carrier family 7 member 11, and neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 9. In the vicinity of these genes we identified large (>1,000 bp) open reading frames (ORFs). Most of these ORFs showed only low similarities to proteins from retro-transcribing viruses. However, we found very high similarity between retrovirus envelope sequences and a sequence in the vicinity of neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 9. This sequence encodes the human endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1, the encoded protein product is called syncytin 2. Transfection of syncytin 2 into the well-characterized Ewing sarcoma cell line A673 was not able to modulate the low immunostimulatory activity of this cell line. Future research is needed to determine whether the identified genes and the human endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1 might play a role in the etiology of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Brütting
- Department of Surgical and Conservative Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Harini Narasimhan
- Department of Surgical and Conservative Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Frank Hoffmann
- Department of Neurology, Hospital "Martha-Maria" Halle-Dölau, Halle, Germany
| | - Malte E Kornhuber
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Martin S Staege
- Department of Surgical and Conservative Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Emmer
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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72
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Xue Z, Xiao L, Chen H, Zhou T, Qian Y, Suo J, Hua Q, Zhou B, Ye R, Bao X, Zhu J. Synthesis and evaluation of a novel 'off-on' chemical sensor based on rhodamine B and the 2,5-pyrrolidinedione moiety for selective discrimination of glutathione and its bioimaging in living cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1823-1831. [PMID: 29500129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new "turn-on" fluorescent probe, RDMBM, based on the rhodamine B dye and the 2,5-pyrrolidinedione moiety was synthesized and characterized. Its sensing behavior toward various amino acids was evaluated via UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The observed spectral changes showed that RDMBM displays high selectivity and sensitivity toward GSH in MeOH/H2O (1:2, v/v, pH 7.40, Tris-HCl buffer, 1 mM) solution and that it undergoes 1:1 covalent binding with GSH. More importantly, the hydrogenation and ring-opening of the nitrogen atom in the spirane structure of rhodamine B derivatives were tightly bound to the induction effects of different groups. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging applications demonstrated that RDMBM can be successfully used for the detection of GSH in human breast cancer cells MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., 210023, PR China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., 210023, PR China
| | - Hailang Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolinwei, Nanjing 210094, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Tong Zhou
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolinwei, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Yangyan Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., 210023, PR China
| | - Jinshuai Suo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., 210023, PR China
| | - Qinhan Hua
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolinwei, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Baojing Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Renlong Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Bao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolinwei, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., 210023, PR China.
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73
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Han Y, Yin W, Li J, Zhao H, Zha Z, Ke W, Wang Y, He C, Ge Z. Intracellular glutathione-depleting polymeric micelles for cisplatin prodrug delivery to overcome cisplatin resistance of cancers. J Control Release 2018; 273:30-39. [PMID: 29371047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic or acquired cisplatin resistance of cancer cells frequently limits the final therapeutic efficacy. Detoxification by the high level of intracellular glutathione (GSH) plays critical roles in the majority of cisplatin-resistant cancers. In this report, we designed an amphiphilic diblock copolymer composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and polymerized phenylboronic ester-functionalized methacrylate (PBEMA), PEG-b-PBEMA, which can self-assemble into micelles in aqueous solutions to load hydrophobic cisplatin prodrug (Pt(IV)). Pt(IV)-loaded PEG-b-PBEMA micelles (PtBE-Micelle) reverse cisplatin-resistance of cancer cells through improving cellular uptake efficiency and reducing intracellular GSH level. We found that the cellular uptake amount of platinum from PtBE-Micelle was 6.1 times higher than that of free cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant human lung cancer cells (A549R). Meanwhile, GSH concentration of A549R cells was decreased to 32% upon treatment by PEG-b-PBEMA micelle at the phenyl borate-equivalent concentration of 100μM. PtBE-Micelle displayed significantly higher cytotoxicity toward A549R cells with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of cisplatin-equivalent 0.20μM compared with free cisplatin of 33.15μM and Pt(IV)-loaded PEG-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) micelles of cisplatin-equivalent 0.75μM. PtBE-Micelle can inhibit the growth of A549R xenograft tumors effectively. Accordingly, PEG-b-PBEMA micelles show great potentials as drug delivery nanocarriers for platinum-based chemotherapy toward cisplatin-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Department of Pharmacology, Xinhua University of Anhui, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Junjie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Zengshi Zha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wendong Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chuanxin He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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74
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The ferroptosis inducer erastin irreversibly inhibits system x c- and synergizes with cisplatin to increase cisplatin's cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:968. [PMID: 29343855 PMCID: PMC5772355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
System xc− was recently described as the most upstream node in a novel form of regulated necrotic cell death, called ferroptosis. In this context, the small molecule erastin was reported to target and inhibit system xc−, leading to cysteine starvation, glutathione depletion and consequently ferroptotic cell death. Although the inhibitory effect of erastin towards system xc− is well-documented, nothing is known about its mechanism of action. Therefore, we sought to interrogate in more detail the underlying mechanism of erastin’s pro-ferroptotic effects. When comparing with some well-known inhibitors of system xc−, erastin was the most efficient inhibitor acting at low micromolar concentrations. Notably, only a very short exposure of cells with low erastin concentrations was sufficient to cause a strong and persistent inhibition of system xc−, causing glutathione depletion. These inhibitory effects towards system xc− did not involve cysteine modifications of the transporter. More importantly, short exposure of tumor cells with erastin strongly potentiated the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin to efficiently eradicate tumor cells. Hence, our data suggests that only a very short pre-treatment of erastin suffices to synergize with cisplatin to efficiently induce cancer cell death, findings that might guide us in the design of novel cancer treatment paradigms.
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75
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Functional interactions of the cystine/glutamate antiporter, CD44v and MUC1-C oncoprotein in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11756-69. [PMID: 26930718 PMCID: PMC4914246 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The xCT light chain of the cystine/glutamate transporter (system XC−) is of importance for the survival of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The MUC1-C transmembrane oncoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed in TNBC and, like xCT, has been linked to maintaining glutathione (GSH) levels and redox balance. However, there is no known interaction between MUC1-C and xCT. Here we show that silencing MUC1-C is associated with decreases in xCT expression in TNBC cells. The results demonstrate that MUC1-C forms a complex with xCT and the CD44 variant (CD44v), which interacts with xCT and thereby controls GSH levels. MUC1-C binds directly with CD44v and in turn promotes stability of xCT in the cell membrane. The interaction between MUC1-C and xCT is further supported by the demonstration that targeting xCT with silencing or the inhibitor sulfasalazine suppresses MUC1 gene transcription by increasing histone and DNA methylation on the MUC1 promoter. In terms of the functional significance of the MUC1-C/xCT interaction, we show that MUC1-C protects against treatment with erastin, an inhibitor of XC− and inducer of ferroptosis, a form of non-apoptotic cell death. These findings indicate that targeting this novel MUC1-C/xCT pathway could represent a potential therapeutic approach for promoting TNBC cell death.
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76
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Noh MR, Kim KY, Han SJ, Kim JI, Kim HY, Park KM. Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A Deficiency Exacerbates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Increased Mitochondrial Damage and Renal Cell Death. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:727-741. [PMID: 28158949 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), which is abundantly localized in the mitochondria, reduces methionine-S-sulfoxide, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cisplatin, an anticancer drug, accumulates at high levels in the mitochondria of renal cells, causing mitochondrial impairment that ultimately leads to nephrotoxicity. Here, we investigated the role of MsrA in cisplatin-induced mitochondrial damage and kidney cell death using MsrA gene-deleted (MsrA-/-) mice. RESULTS Cisplatin injection resulted in increases of ROS production, methionine oxidation, and oxidative damage in the kidneys. This oxidative stress was greater in MsrA-/- mouse kidneys than in wild-type (MsrA+/+) mouse kidneys. MsrA gene deletion exacerbated cisplatin-induced reductions in the expression and activity of MsrA and MsrBs, and the expression of thioredoxin 1, glutathione peroxidase 1 and 4, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, cystathionine-β-synthase, and cystathionine-γ-lyase. Cisplatin induced swelling, cristae loss, and fragmentation of mitochondria with increased lipid peroxidation, more so in MsrA-/- than in MsrA+/+ kidneys. The ratio of mitochondrial fission regulator (Fis1) to fusion regulator (Opa1) was higher in MsrA-/- than MsrA+/+ mice. MsrA deletion exacerbated cisplatin-induced increases in Bax to Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3 level, and apoptosis, whereas MsrA overexpression attenuated cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. INNOVATION MsrA gene deletion in mice exacerbates cisplatin-induced renal injury through increases of mitochondrial susceptibility, whereas MsrA overexpression protects cells against cisplatin. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that MsrA protects kidney cells against cisplatin-induced methionine oxidation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis, suggesting that MsrA could be a useful target protein for the treatment of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 727-741.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Noh
- 1 Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine , Junggu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine , Namgu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Han
- 1 Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine , Junggu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kim
- 3 Department of Molecular Medicine and MRC, Keimyung University School of Medicine , Dalseogu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Kim
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine , Namgu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- 1 Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine , Junggu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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77
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Ma Z, Zhang H, Lian M, Yue C, Dong G, Jin Y, Li R, Wan H, Wang R, Wang Y, Zhai J, Ma H, Feng L, Han J, Liu S, Guo Y, Li J, Liu Y, Fang J, Liu H. SLC7A11, a component of cysteine/glutamate transporter, is a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:3019-3029. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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78
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Wu Y, Sun X, Song B, Qiu X, Zhao J. MiR-375/SLC7A11 axis regulates oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and invasion. Cancer Med 2017. [PMID: 28627030 PMCID: PMC5504333 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to detect the functions of miR‐375/SLC7A11 axis on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell proliferation and invasion. Expression levels of miR‐375 and SLC7A11 in OSCC tissues and cells were measured with RT‐qPCR and western blot. Targeting site was predicted by TargetScan and confirmed by dual luciferase reporting assay. By way of manipulating the expression level of miR‐375 and SLC7A11 in CAL‐27 and Tca8113 cell lines, the cell biological abilities were evaluated. MTT, colony formation, Transwell, wound healing assays and flow cytometry were used to detect OSCC cell viability, proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis, respectively. MiR‐375 was significantly downregulated in OSCC tissues and cells compared to adjacent tissue and normal oral cell line respectively while SLC7A11 was upregulated. Targeting relationship was verified by luciferase reporting assay, and miR‐375 could effectively suppress SLC7A11 level in OSCC cells. Replenishing of miR‐375 significantly repressed OSCC cell viability, proliferation, invasion and migration and induced cell apoptosis and G1/G0 arrest. Overexpression of SLC7A11 recovered those biological abilities in miR‐375 upregulated cells. Collective data suggested that miR‐375 served as a tumor suppressor via regulating SLC7A11. Replenishing of miR‐375 or knockout of SLC7A11 could be therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University & Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Stomatology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Stomatology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University & Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjiang Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University & Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
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79
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Wangpaichitr M, Kandemir H, Li YY, Wu C, Nguyen DJM, Feun LG, Kuo MT, Savaraj N. Relationship of Metabolic Alterations and PD-L1 Expression in Cisplatin Resistant Lung Cancer. CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6:183. [PMID: 28819582 PMCID: PMC5557290 DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous reports on immune checkpoint inhibitor for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the response rate remains low but durable. Thus cisplatin still plays a major role in the treatment of NSCLC. While there are many mechanisms involved in cisplatin resistance, alteration in metabolic phenotypes with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are found in several cisplatin resistant tumors. These resistant cells become more reliant on mitochondria oxidative metabolism instead of glucose. Consequently, high ROS and metabolic alteration contributed to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Importantly, recent findings indicated that EMT has a crucial role in upregulating PD-L1 expression in cancer cells. Thus, it is very likely that cisplatin resistance will lead to high expression of PD-L1/PD-1 which makes them vulnerable to anti PD-1 or anti PD-L1 antibody treatment. An understanding of the interactions between cancer cells metabolic reprogramming and immune checkpoints is critical for combining metabolism targeted therapies with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wangpaichitr
- Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - H Kandemir
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - YY Li
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - C Wu
- Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - DJM Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - LG Feun
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - MT Kuo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - N Savaraj
- Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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80
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Boysen G. The Glutathione Conundrum: Stoichiometric Disconnect between Its Formation and Oxidative Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1113-1116. [PMID: 28426193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant and is believed to maintain redox potential in tissues, cells, and individual compartments. However, GSH concentrations in some tumor cells and tissues have been reported to be as high as 1-10 mM, a concentration that is up to 10,000-fold higher than that of reactive oxygen species. Critical quantitative evaluation of glutathione's proposed functions suggests that glutathione is an amino acid checkpoint. In this role, glutathione contributes to regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, pending amino acid availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Boysen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
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81
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Needham RJ, Sanchez‐Cano C, Zhang X, Romero‐Canelón I, Habtemariam A, Cooper MS, Meszaros L, Clarkson GJ, Blower PJ, Sadler PJ. In-Cell Activation of Organo-Osmium(II) Anticancer Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1017-1020. [PMID: 28000997 PMCID: PMC5412917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The family of iodido OsII arene phenylazopyridine complexes [Os(η6 -p-cym)(5-R1 -pyridylazo-4-R2 -phenyl))I]+ (where p-cym=para-cymene) exhibit potent sub-micromolar antiproliferative activity towards human cancer cells and are active in vivo. Their chemical behavior is distinct from that of cisplatin: they do not readily hydrolyze, nor bind to DNA bases. We report here a mechanism by which they are activated in cancer cells, involving release of the I- ligand in the presence of glutathione (GSH). The X-ray crystal structures of two active complexes are reported, 1-I (R1 =OEt, R2 =H) and 2-I (R1 =H, R2 =NMe2 ). They were labelled with the radionuclide 131 I (β- /γ emitter, t1/2 8.02 d), and their activity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells was studied. 1-[131 I] and 2-[131 I] exhibit good stability in both phosphate-buffered saline and blood serum. In contrast, once taken up by MCF-7 cells, the iodide ligand is rapidly pumped out. Intriguingly, GSH catalyzes their hydrolysis. The resulting hydroxido complexes can form thiolato and sulfenato adducts with GSH, and react with H2 O2 generating hydroxyl radicals. These findings shed new light on the mechanism of action of these organo-osmium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | | | | | - Margaret S. Cooper
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringKing's College LondonSt. Thomas HospitalLondonSE1 7EHUK
| | - Levente Meszaros
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringKing's College LondonSt. Thomas HospitalLondonSE1 7EHUK
| | - Guy J. Clarkson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Philip J. Blower
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringKing's College LondonSt. Thomas HospitalLondonSE1 7EHUK
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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82
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Needham RJ, Sanchez-Cano C, Zhang X, Romero-Canelón I, Habtemariam A, Cooper MS, Meszaros L, Clarkson GJ, Blower PJ, Sadler PJ. In-Cell Activation of Organo-Osmium(II) Anticancer Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | | | - Margaret S. Cooper
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King's College London; St. Thomas Hospital London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Levente Meszaros
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King's College London; St. Thomas Hospital London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Guy J. Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Philip J. Blower
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King's College London; St. Thomas Hospital London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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83
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Polewski MD, Reveron-Thornton RF, Cherryholmes GA, Marinov GK, Cassady K, Aboody KS. Increased Expression of System xc- in Glioblastoma Confers an Altered Metabolic State and Temozolomide Resistance. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1229-1242. [PMID: 27658422 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Several studies have shown that glioma cells upregulate the expression of xCT (SLC7A11), the catalytic subunit of system xc-, a transporter involved in cystine import, that modulates glutathione production and glioma growth. However, the role of system xc- in regulating the sensitivity of glioma cells to chemotherapy is currently debated. Inhibiting system xc- with sulfasalazine decreased glioma growth and survival via redox modulation, and use of the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide together with sulfasalazine had a synergistic effect on cell killing. To better understand the functional consequences of system xc- in glioma, stable SLC7A11-knockdown and -overexpressing U251 glioma cells were generated. Modulation of SLC7A11 did not alter cellar proliferation but overexpression did increase anchorage-independent cell growth. Knockdown of SLC7A11 increased basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased glutathione generation resulting in increased cell death under oxidative and genotoxic stress. Overexpression of SLC7A11 resulted in increased resistance to oxidative stress and decreased chemosensitivity to temozolomide. In addition, SLC7A11 overexpression was associated with altered cellular metabolism including increased mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP generation. These results suggest that expression of SLC7A11 in the context of glioma contributes to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and resistance to standard chemotherapy. IMPLICATIONS SLC7A11, in addition to redox modulation, appears to be associated with increased cellular metabolism and is a mediator of temozolomide resistance in human glioma, thus making system xC- a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Cancer Res; 14(12); 1229-42. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika D Polewski
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California. .,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Rosyli F Reveron-Thornton
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California.,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino, California
| | - Gregory A Cherryholmes
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California.,Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Georgi K Marinov
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Kaniel Cassady
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California.,Departments of Diabetes Research and Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California. .,Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
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84
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Roh JL, Kim EH, Jang HJ, Park JY, Shin D. Induction of ferroptotic cell death for overcoming cisplatin resistance of head and neck cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 381:96-103. [PMID: 27477897 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of key molecules related to ferroptosis, cystine/glutamate antiporter and glutathione peroxidase, may induce eradication of chemotherapy/radiotherapy-resistant cancer cells. The present study investigated whether ferroptosis could overcome head and neck cancer (HNC) resistance to cisplatin treatment. Three cisplatin-resistant HNC cell lines (AMC-HN3R, -HN4R, and -HN9R) and their parental lines were used. The effects of cystine and glutamate alteration and pharmacological and genetic inhibition of cystine/glutamate antiporter were assessed by measuring viability, death, reactive oxygen species production, protein expression, and preclinical mouse tumor xenograft models. Conditioned media with no cystine or glutamine excess induced ferroptosis of both cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant HNC cells without any apparent changes to necrosis and apoptosis markers. The cystine/glutamate antiporter inhibitors erastin and sulfasalazine inhibited HNC cell growth and accumulated lipid reactive oxygen species, thereby inducing ferroptosis. Genetic silencing of cystine/glutamate antiporter with siRNA or shRNA treatment also induced effective ferroptotic cell death of resistant HNC cells and enhanced the cisplatin cytotoxicity of resistant HNC cells. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of cystine/glutamate antiporter significantly sensitized resistant HNC cells to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of cystine/glutamate antiporter overcomes the cisplatin resistance of HNC cells by inducing ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Lyel Roh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daiha Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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85
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Savaskan NE, Fan Z, Broggini T, Buchfelder M, Eyüpoglu IY. Neurodegeneration and the Brain Tumor Microenvironment. [corrected]. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 13:258-65. [PMID: 26411769 PMCID: PMC4598438 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150122224158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are characterized by destructive growth and neuronal cell death making them one of the most devastating diseases. Neurodegenerative actions of malignant gliomas resemble mechanisms also found in many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recent data demonstrate that gliomas seize neuronal glutamate signaling for their own growth advantage. Excessive glutamate release via the glutamate/cystine antiporter xCT (system xc-, SLC7a11) renders cancer cells resistant to chemotherapeutics and create the tumor microenvironment toxic for neurons. In particular the glutamate/cystine antiporter xCT takes center stage in neurodegenerative processes and sets this transporter a potential prime target for cancer therapy. Noteworthy is the finding, that reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and thereby TRP channels can potentiate glutamate release. Yet another important biological feature of the xCT/glutamate system is its modulatory effect on the tumor microenvironment with impact on host cells and the cancer stem cell niche. The EMA and FDA-approved drug sulfasalazine (SAS) presents a lead compound for xCT inhibition, although so far clinical trials on glioblastomas with SAS were ambiguous. Here, we critically analyze the mechanisms of action of xCT antiporter on malignant gliomas and in the tumor microenvironment. Deciphering the impact of xCT and glutamate and its relation to TRP channels in brain tumors pave the way for developing important cancer microenvironmental modulators and drugable lead targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai E Savaskan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen- Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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86
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Zhang P, Wang W, Wei Z, Xu LI, Yang X, DU Y. xCT expression modulates cisplatin resistance in Tca8113 tongue carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:307-314. [PMID: 27347143 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), which is a subtype of head and neck cancer, is the most common type of oral cancer. Due to its high recurrence rate and chemoresistance, the average survival rate for patients with TSCC remains unsatisfactory. At present, cisplatin (CDDP) is utilized as the first-line treatment for numerous solid neoplasms, including TSCC. CDDP resistance develops in the majority of patients; however, the mechanism of such resistance remains unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the mechanism of CDDP resistance and attempted to reduce chemoresistance. The results indicated that CDDP significantly increased expression of xCT, which is the light chain and functional subunit of the glutamate/cysteine transporter system xc-, and a subsequent increase in glutathione (GSH) levels was observed. The present study demonstrated that the upregulation of xCT expression and intercellular GSH levels contributed to CDDP resistance in TSCC cells. Furthermore, xCT suppression, induced by small interfering RNA or pharmacological inhibitors, sensitized TSCC cells to CDDP treatment. In conclusion, the present study revealed that CDDP-induced xCT expression promotes CDDP chemoresistance, and xCT inhibition sensitizes TSCC cells to CDDP treatment. These results provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in TSCC cell chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, No. 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, No. 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhui Wei
- Department of Stomatology, No. 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - L I Xu
- Department of Stomatology, No. 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Xuanning Yang
- Department of Stomatology, No. 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhong DU
- Department of Stomatology, No. 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
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87
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Hypoxia optimises tumour growth by controlling nutrient import and acidic metabolite export. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 47-48:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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88
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Citta A, Scalcon V, Göbel P, Bertrand B, Wenzel M, Folda A, Rigobello MP, Meggers E, Casini A. Toward anticancer gold-based compounds targeting PARP-1: a new case study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11606j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new gold(iii) complex bearing a 2-((2,2′-bipyridin)-5-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-4-carboxamide ligand has been synthesized and characterized for its biological properties in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Citta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - V. Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - P. Göbel
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
| | - B. Bertrand
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics
- Toxicology and Targeting
- Research Institute of Pharmacy
- University of Groningen
- 9713 AV Groningen
| | - M. Wenzel
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3A
- UK
| | - A. Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - M. P. Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - E. Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
| | - A. Casini
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics
- Toxicology and Targeting
- Research Institute of Pharmacy
- University of Groningen
- 9713 AV Groningen
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89
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Ferreira JA, Peixoto A, Neves M, Gaiteiro C, Reis CA, Assaraf YG, Santos LL. Mechanisms of cisplatin resistance and targeting of cancer stem cells: Adding glycosylation to the equation. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 24:34-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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90
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Manifestations of oxidative stress and molecular damages in ovarian cancer tissue. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj87.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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91
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Xc- inhibitor sulfasalazine sensitizes colorectal cancer to cisplatin by a GSH-dependent mechanism. Cancer Lett 2015; 368:88-96. [PMID: 26254540 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfasalazine (SSZ) is an anti-inflammatory drug that has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis and tumor regression through inhibition of plasma membrane cystine transporter xc(-). Cysteine is a rate-limiting precursor for intracellular glutathione (GSH) synthesis, which is vital for compound detoxification and maintaining redox balance. Platinum-based chemotherapy is an important regimen used in clinics for various cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). We hypothesized that targeting xc(-) transporter by SSZ may annihilate cellular detoxification through interruption of GSH synthesis and may enhance the anti-cancer activity of cisplatin (CDDP) by increasing drug transport. In the present study, we revealed that xCT, the active subunit of xc(-), is highly expressed in CRC cell lines and human colorectal carcinoma tissues compared with their normal counterparts. SSZ effectively depleted cellular GSH, leading to significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth inhibition in CRC cells. In contrast, the normal epithelial cells of colon origin were less sensitive to SSZ, showing a moderate ROS elevation. Importantly, SSZ effectively enhanced the intracellular platinum level and cytotoxicity of CDDP in CRC cells. The synergistic effect of SSZ and CDDP was reversed by antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Together, these results suggest that SSZ, a relatively non-toxic drug that targets cystine transporter, may, in combination with CDDP, have effective therapy for colorectal cancer.
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92
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Chemotherapy triggers HIF-1-dependent glutathione synthesis and copper chelation that induces the breast cancer stem cell phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E4600-9. [PMID: 26229077 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513433112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10-15% of all breast cancer but is responsible for a disproportionate share of morbidity and mortality because of its aggressive characteristics and lack of targeted therapies. Chemotherapy induces enrichment of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which are responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Here, we demonstrate that chemotherapy induces the expression of the cystine transporter xCT and the regulatory subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM) in a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1-dependent manner, leading to increased intracellular glutathione levels, which inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) activity through copper chelation. Loss of MEK-ERK signaling causes FoxO3 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of the gene encoding the pluripotency factor Nanog, which is required for enrichment of BCSCs. Inhibition of xCT, GCLM, FoxO3, or Nanog blocks chemotherapy-induced enrichment of BCSCs and impairs tumor initiation. These results suggest that, in combination with chemotherapy, targeting BCSCs by inhibiting HIF-1-regulated glutathione synthesis may improve outcome in TNBC.
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93
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Kobayashi S, Sato M, Kasakoshi T, Tsutsui T, Sugimoto M, Osaki M, Okada F, Igarashi K, Hiratake J, Homma T, Conrad M, Fujii J, Soga T, Bannai S, Sato H. Cystathionine is a novel substrate of cystine/glutamate transporter: implications for immune function. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8778-88. [PMID: 25713140 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.625053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cystine/glutamate transporter, designated as system xc(-), is important for maintaining intracellular glutathione levels and extracellular redox balance. The substrate-specific component of system xc(-), xCT, is strongly induced by various stimuli, including oxidative stress, whereas it is constitutively expressed only in specific brain regions and immune tissues, such as the thymus and spleen. Although cystine and glutamate are the well established substrates of system xc(-) and the knockout of xCT leads to alterations of extracellular redox balance, nothing is known about other potential substrates. We thus performed a comparative metabolite analysis of tissues from xCT-deficient and wild-type mice using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Although most of the analyzed metabolites did not show significant alterations between xCT-deficient and wild-type mice, cystathionine emerged as being absent specifically in the thymus and spleen of xCT-deficient mice. No expression of either cystathionine β-synthase or cystathionine γ-lyase was observed in the thymus and spleen of mice. In embryonic fibroblasts derived from wild-type embryos, cystine uptake was significantly inhibited by cystathionine in a concentration-dependent manner. Wild-type cells showed an intracellular accumulation of cystathionine when incubated in cystathionine-containing buffer, which concomitantly stimulated an increased release of glutamate into the extracellular space. By contrast, none of these effects could be observed in xCT-deficient cells. Remarkably, unlike knock-out cells, wild-type cells could be rescued from cystine deprivation-induced cell death by cystathionine supplementation. We thus conclude that cystathionine is a novel physiological substrate of system xc(-) and that the accumulation of cystathionine in immune tissues is exclusively mediated by system xc(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kobayashi
- From the Department of Food and Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan, the Department of Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan, the Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mami Sato
- From the Department of Food and Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kasakoshi
- From the Department of Food and Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Takumi Tsutsui
- From the Department of Food and Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- the Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- the Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan, the Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Futoshi Okada
- the Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan, the Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kiharu Igarashi
- From the Department of Food and Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Hiratake
- the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan, and
| | - Marcus Conrad
- the Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Junichi Fujii
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan, and
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- the Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Shiro Bannai
- From the Department of Food and Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyo Sato
- From the Department of Food and Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan, the Department of Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan, the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8518, Japan
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94
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Dai L, Noverr MC, Parsons C, Kaleeba JAR, Qin Z. xCT, not just an amino-acid transporter: a multi-functional regulator of microbial infection and associated diseases. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:120. [PMID: 25745420 PMCID: PMC4333839 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of xCT, a component of the xc– amino-acid transporter, is essential for the uptake of cystine required for intracellular glutathione (GSH) synthesis and maintenance of the intracellular redox balance. Therefore, xCT plays an important role not only in the survival of somatic and immune cells, but also in other aspects of tumorigenesis, including the growth and malignant progression of cancer cells, resistance to anticancer drugs, and protection of normal cells against oxidative damage induced by carcinogens. xCT also functions as a factor required for infection by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and other lymphoproliferative diseases associated with HIV/AIDS. In spite of these advances, our understanding of the role of xCT in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases is still limited. Therefore, this review will summarize recent findings about the functions of xCT in diseases associated with microbial (bacterial or viral) infections, in particular KSHV-associated malignancies. We will also discuss the remaining questions, future directions, as well as evidence that supports the potential benefits of exploring system xc– as a target for prevention and clinical management of microbial diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China ; Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center , New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mairi C Noverr
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center , New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chris Parsons
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center , New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Johnan A R Kaleeba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China ; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center , New Orleans, LA, USA
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95
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CHEN LIANGYU, LI XINXING, LIU LIBO, YU BO, XUE YIXUE, LIU YUNHUI. Erastin sensitizes glioblastoma cells to temozolomide by restraining xCT and cystathionine-γ-lyase function. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1465-74. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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96
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Yang H, Miao Q, Johnson BF, Rishel MJ, Sossi V, Dinelle K, Bénard. F, Yapp DT, Webster JM, Schaffer P. A simple route to [11C]N-Me labeling of aminosuberic acid for proof of feasibility imaging of the xC− transporter. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5512-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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97
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Wen CJ, Wu LX, Fu LJ, Yu J, Zhang YW, Zhang X, Zhou HH. Genomic screening for targets regulated by berberine in breast cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:6089-94. [PMID: 24289631 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.6089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine, a common isoquinoline alkaloid, has been shown to possess anti-cancer activities. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not completely understood. In the current study, we investigated the effects of berberine on cell growth, colony formation, cell cycle distribution, and whether it improved the anticancer efficiency of cisplatin and doxorubicin in human breast cancer estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MCF-7 cells and estrogen receptor negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, berberine treatment significantly inhibited cell growth and colony formation in the two cell lines, berberine in combination with cisplatin exerting synergistic growth inhibitory effects. Accompanied by decreased growth, berberine induced G1 phase arrest in MCF-7 but not MDA-MB-231 cells. To provide a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of action of berberine, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of berberine-treated cells using cDNA microarrays. This revealed that there were 3,397 and 2,706 genes regulated by berberine in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. Fene oncology (GO) analysis identified that many of the target genes were involved in regulation of the cell cycle, cell migration, apoptosis, and drug responses. To confirm the microarray data, qPCR analysis was conducted for 10 selected genes based on previously reported associations with breast cancer and GO analysis. In conclusion, berberine exhibits inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells proliferation, which is likely mediated by alteration of gene expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jie Wen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China E-mail :
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98
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Nrf2- and ATF4-dependent upregulation of xCT modulates the sensitivity of T24 bladder carcinoma cells to proteasome inhibition. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3421-34. [PMID: 25002527 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00221-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway degrades ubiquitinated proteins to remove damaged or misfolded protein and thus plays an important role in the maintenance of many important cellular processes. Because the pathway is also crucial for tumor cell growth and survival, proteasome inhibition by specific inhibitors exhibits potent antitumor effects in many cancer cells. xCT, a subunit of the cystine antiporter system xc (-), plays an important role in cellular cysteine and glutathione homeostasis. Several recent reports have revealed that xCT is involved in cancer cell survival; however, it was unknown whether xCT affects the cytotoxic effects of proteasome inhibitors. In this study, we found that two stress-inducible transcription factors, Nrf2 and ATF4, were upregulated by proteasome inhibition and cooperatively enhance human xCT gene expression upon proteasome inhibition. In addition, we demonstrated that the knockdown of xCT by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or pharmacological inhibition of xCT by sulfasalazine (SASP) or (S)-4-carboxyphenylglycine (CPG) significantly increased the sensitivity of T24 cells to proteasome inhibition. These results suggest that the simultaneous inhibition of both the proteasome and xCT could have therapeutic benefits in the treatment of bladder tumors.
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99
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Dixon SJ, Patel DN, Welsch M, Skouta R, Lee ED, Hayano M, Thomas AG, Gleason CE, Tatonetti NP, Slusher BS, Stockwell BR. Pharmacological inhibition of cystine-glutamate exchange induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis. eLife 2014; 3:e02523. [PMID: 24844246 PMCID: PMC4054777 DOI: 10.7554/elife.02523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1277] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exchange of extracellular cystine for intracellular glutamate by the antiporter system xc (-) is implicated in numerous pathologies. Pharmacological agents that inhibit system xc (-) activity with high potency have long been sought, but have remained elusive. In this study, we report that the small molecule erastin is a potent, selective inhibitor of system xc (-). RNA sequencing revealed that inhibition of cystine-glutamate exchange leads to activation of an ER stress response and upregulation of CHAC1, providing a pharmacodynamic marker for system xc (-) inhibition. We also found that the clinically approved anti-cancer drug sorafenib, but not other kinase inhibitors, inhibits system xc (-) function and can trigger ER stress and ferroptosis. In an analysis of hospital records and adverse event reports, we found that patients treated with sorafenib exhibited unique metabolic and phenotypic alterations compared to patients treated with other kinase-inhibiting drugs. Finally, using a genetic approach, we identified new genes dramatically upregulated in cells resistant to ferroptosis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02523.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Darpan N Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Matthew Welsch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Rachid Skouta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Eric D Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Miki Hayano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Ajit G Thomas
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Caroline E Gleason
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Nicholas P Tatonetti
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, United States Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, United States Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, United States Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, United States Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, United States Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
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100
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Gong LH, Chen XX, Wang H, Jiang QW, Pan SS, Qiu JG, Mei XL, Xue YQ, Qin WM, Zheng FY, Shi Z, Yan XJ. Piperlongumine induces apoptosis and synergizes with cisplatin or paclitaxel in human ovarian cancer cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:906804. [PMID: 24895529 PMCID: PMC4034765 DOI: 10.1155/2014/906804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PL), a natural alkaloid from Piper longum L., possesses the highly selective and effective anticancer property. However, the effect of PL on ovarian cancer cells is still unknown. In this study, we firstly demonstrate that PL selectively inhibited cell growth of human ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, PL notably induced cell apoptosis, G2/M phase arrest, and accumulation of the intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with antioxidant N-acety-L-cysteine could totally reverse the PL-induced ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis. In addition, low dose of PL/cisplatin or paclitaxel combination therapies had a synergistic antigrowth effect on human ovarian cancer cells. Collectively, our study provides new therapeutic potential of PL on human ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Gong
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Shangcai Village South, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Shangcai Village South, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Qi-Wei Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Room 708, The 2nd Engineer and Scientific Building, 601 Huangpu RoadWest, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Shi-Shi Pan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Shangcai Village South, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jian-Ge Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Room 708, The 2nd Engineer and Scientific Building, 601 Huangpu RoadWest, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Long Mei
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Room 708, The 2nd Engineer and Scientific Building, 601 Huangpu RoadWest, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - You-Qiu Xue
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Room 708, The 2nd Engineer and Scientific Building, 601 Huangpu RoadWest, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Wu-Ming Qin
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Room 708, The 2nd Engineer and Scientific Building, 601 Huangpu RoadWest, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Fei-Yun Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Shangcai Village South, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Room 708, The 2nd Engineer and Scientific Building, 601 Huangpu RoadWest, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Yan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Shangcai Village South, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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