51
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Abdullah L, Evans JE, Emmerich T, Crynen G, Shackleton B, Keegan AP, Luis C, Tai L, LaDu MJ, Mullan M, Crawford F, Bachmeier C. APOE ε4 specific imbalance of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in serum phospholipids identifies individuals with preclinical Mild Cognitive Impairment/Alzheimer's Disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:964-985. [PMID: 28333036 PMCID: PMC5391242 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the influence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on blood phospholipids (PL) in predicting preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipidomic analyses were also performed on blood from an AD mouse model expressing human APOE isoforms (EFAD) and five AD mutations and from 195 cognitively normal participants, 23 of who converted to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/AD within 3 years. APOE ε4-carriers converting to MCI/AD had high arachidonic acid (AA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratios in PL compared to cognitively normal ε4 and non-ε4 carriers. Arachidonic acid and DHA containing PL species, ε4-status and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios provided 91% accuracy in detecting MCI/AD. Fish oil/omega-3 fatty acid consumption was associated with lower AA/DHA ratios even among ε4 carriers. High plasma AA/DHA ratios were observed in E4FAD compared to EFAD mice with other isoforms. In particular, alterations in plasma AA and DHA containing PL species were also observed in the brains of E4FAD mice compared to E3FAD mice. Despite the small sample size and a short follow-up, these results suggest that blood PL could potentially serve as biomarkers of preclinical MCI/AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leon Tai
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Mary J LaDu
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Filler G, Taheri S, McIntyre C, Smith C, Subramanian L, Fusch G, Fusch C. Chronic kidney disease stage affects small, dense low-density lipoprotein but not glycated low-density lipoprotein in younger chronic kidney disease patients: a cross-sectional study. Clin Kidney J 2017; 11:383-388. [PMID: 29992019 PMCID: PMC6007510 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfx115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) and glycated LDL (g-LDL) have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients >60 years of age. Since young adult and paediatric patients have shorter exposure to Framingham-type risk factors, our study aims to determine whether younger CKD patients exhibit the same sd-LDL and g-LDL pattern. Methods After ethics board approval, this cross-sectional study was conducted at two universities with 44 patients (mean ± standard deviation age 12.6 ± 4.9, range 2-24 years) with CKD stage of 1-5. Laboratory parameters studied were Cystatin C (CysC), CysC estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (calculated from the Filler formula), sd-LDL, g-LDL and albumin. Lipid samples were measured for sd-LDL and g-LDL using ELISA. Non-linear correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between g-LDL, sd-LDL and eGFR. Clinical Trials Registration is at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02126293, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02126293. Results Triglycerides, but not total cholesterol and calculated LDL, were associated with CKD stages (ANOVA P = 0.0091). As in adults, sd-LDL was significantly associated with CKD stages (ANOVA P = 0.0133), CysC eGFR (r = -0.6495, P < 0.00001), and body mass index (r = -0.3895, P = 0.0189), but not with age. By contrast, there was no significant correlation between g-LDL and CKD stages or CysC eGFR (P = 0.9678). Conclusions Our study demonstrates that only triglycerides and sd-LDL were associated with CKD stages in this young cohort without confounding Framingham-type CVD risk factors. While larger studies are needed, this study suggests that lowering sd-LDL levels may be a potential target to ameliorate the long-term CVD risks in paediatric CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Filler
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sepideh Taheri
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher McIntyre
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Connor Smith
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lakshmimathy Subramanian
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gerhard Fusch
- Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christoph Fusch
- Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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53
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Chen Y, Wen S, Jiang M, Zhu Y, Ding L, Shi H, Dong P, Yang J, Yang Y. Atherosclerotic dyslipidemia revealed by plasma lipidomics on ApoE −/− mice fed a high-fat diet. Atherosclerosis 2017; 262:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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54
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Chen Y, Hsu H, Baskaran R, Wen S, Shen C, Day C, Ho T, Vijaya Padma V, Kuo W, Huang C. Short‐Term Hypoxia Reverses Ox‐LDL‐Induced CD36 and GLUT4 Switching Metabolic Pathways in H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3785-3795. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeh‐Peng Chen
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineChina Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hsi‐Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal SurgeryMackay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management CollegeTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Rathinasamy Baskaran
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical ScienceChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Su‐Ying Wen
- Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management CollegeTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of DermatologyTaipei City HospitalRenai BranchTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Yao Shen
- Department of NursingMei Ho UniversityPingguang RoadPingtungTaiwan
| | | | - Tsung‐Jung Ho
- Chinese Medicine DepartmentChina Medical University Beigang HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | | | - Wei‐Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and TechnologyChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical ScienceChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical ScienceChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition BiotechnologyAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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55
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Kyle JE, Casey CP, Stratton KG, Zink EM, Kim YM, Zheng X, Monroe ME, Weitz KK, Bloodsworth KJ, Orton DJ, Ibrahim YM, Moore RJ, Lee CG, Pedersen C, Orwoll E, Smith RD, Burnum-Johnson KE, Baker ES. Comparing identified and statistically significant lipids and polar metabolites in 15-year old serum and dried blood spot samples for longitudinal studies. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:447-456. [PMID: 27958645 PMCID: PMC5292309 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The use of dried blood spots (DBS) has many advantages over traditional plasma and serum samples such as the smaller blood volume required, storage at room temperature, and ability to sample in remote locations. However, understanding the robustness of different analytes in DBS samples is essential, especially in older samples collected for longitudinal studies. METHODS Here we analyzed the stability of polar metabolites and lipids in DBS samples collected in 2000-2001 and stored at room temperature. The identified and statistically significant molecules were then compared to matched serum samples stored at -80°C to determine if the DBS samples could be effectively used in a longitudinal study following metabolic disease. RESULTS A total of 400 polar metabolites and lipids were identified in the serum and DBS samples using gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography (LC)/MS, and LC/ion mobility spectrometry-MS (LC/IMS-MS). The identified polar metabolites overlapped well between the sample types, though only one statistically significant metabolite was conserved in a case-control study of older diabetic males with low amounts of high-density lipoproteins and high body mass indices, triacylglycerides and glucose levels when compared to non-diabetic patients with normal levels, indicating that degradation in the DBS samples affects polar metabolite quantitation. Differences in the lipid identifications indicated that some oxidation occurs in the DBS samples. However, 36 statistically significant lipids correlated in both sample types. CONCLUSIONS The difference in the number of statistically significant polar metabolites and lipids indicated that the lipids did not degrade to as great of a degree as the polar metabolites in the DBS samples and lipid quantitation was still possible. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Kyle
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Cameron P. Casey
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Kelly G. Stratton
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Erika M. Zink
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Matthew E. Monroe
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Karl K. Weitz
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Kent J. Bloodsworth
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Daniel J. Orton
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Ronald J. Moore
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Christine G. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Research Service, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR
| | - Catherine Pedersen
- Department of Medicine, Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Eric Orwoll
- Department of Medicine, Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | | | - Erin S. Baker
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
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56
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Cvetković Z, Milošević M, Cvetković B, Masnikosa R, Arsić A, Petrović S, Vučić V. Plasma phospholipid changes are associated with response to chemotherapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Leuk Res 2017; 54:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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57
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Analysis of the Serum Lipid Profile in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38342. [PMID: 27910906 PMCID: PMC5133601 DOI: 10.1038/srep38342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), the predominant subtype of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the Asian population, is associated with genetic polymorphism of lipid metabolism. In this study, we performed the untargeted lipidomics approach of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to reveal the potential discriminating lipid profile of PCV patients in serum (21 PCV patients and 19 age-matched controls). Unsupervised principal component, supervised orthogonal partial least squares analysis, correlation analysis, and heatmap analysis were performed with the data obtained by UPLC-MS. Forty-one discriminating metabolites were identified. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, pathway analysis and functional analysis were performed subsequently, and platelet-activating factor (PAF) was further selected as the key indicator of the distinct lipid metabolism in PCV patients. Finally, the serum level of PAF was validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which is significantly higher in PCV patients compared to controls (65 PCV patients and 63 age-matched controls, p < 0.0001), consistent with the UPLC-MS analysis. Our results suggested that PAF is considered as the major indicator of the distinct lipid metabolism in PCV patients.
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58
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Sparks RP, Jenkins JL, Miner GE, Wang Y, Guida WC, Sparks CE, Fratti RA, Sparks JD. Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate binds to sortilin and competes with neurotensin: Implications for very low density lipoprotein binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:551-556. [PMID: 27666481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sortilin is a multi-ligand sorting receptor that interacts with B100-containing VLDL and LDL as well as other ligands including neurotensin (NT). The current study investigates the hypothesis that phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) generated downstream of insulin action can directly bind to sortilin. NT binds to sortilin at a well characterized site via its carboxy terminus (C-term). Using a crystal structure of human sortilin (hsortilin), PIP3 is predicted to bind at this C-term site. Binding of PIP3 to hsortilin is demonstrated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) flowing PIP3 nanodiscs over immobilized hsortilin. Studies were performed using SPR where dibutanoyl PIP3 is shown to compete with NT for sortilin binding. Rat VLDL and LDL were evaluated for PIP3 content immunologically using monoclonal antibodies directed against PIP3. Rat plasma VLDL contained three times more immunoreactive PIP3 than LDL per μg of protein. Because VLDL contains additional ligands that bind sortilin, to distinguish specific PIP3 binding, we used PIP3 liposomes. Liposome floatation assays were used to demonstrate PIP3 liposome binding to sortilin. Using SPR and immobilized hsortilin, the C-term NT tetrapeptide (P-Y-I-L) is shown to bind to hsortilin. A compound (cpd984) was identified with strong theoretical binding to the site on sortilin involved in NT N-terminal binding. When cpd984 is co-incubated with the tetrapeptide, the affinity of binding to sortilin is increased. Similarly, the affinity of PIP3 liposome binding increased in the presence of cpd984. Overall, results demonstrate that sortilin is a PIP3 binding protein with binding likely to occur at the C-term NT binding site. The presence of multiple ligands on B100-containing lipoproteins, VLDL and LDL, raises the interesting possibility for increased interaction with sortilin based on the presence of PIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Sparks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jermaine L Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Gregory E Miner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Wayne C Guida
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33520, USA
| | - Charles E Sparks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Rutilio A Fratti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Janet D Sparks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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59
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Stremmel W, Staffer S, Gan-Schreier H, Wannhoff A, Bach M, Gauss A. Phosphatidylcholine passes through lateral tight junctions for paracellular transport to the apical side of the polarized intestinal tumor cell-line CaCo2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1161-1169. [PMID: 27365309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant phospholipid in intestinal mucus, indicative of a specific transport system across the mucosal epithelium to the intestinal lumen. To elucidate this transport mechanism, we employed a transwell tissue culture system with polarized CaCo2 cells. It was shown that PC could not substantially be internalized by the cells. However, after basal application of increasing PC concentrations, an apical transport of 47.1±6.3nmolh(-1)mMPC(-1) was observed. Equilibrium distribution studies with PC applied in equal concentrations to the basal and apical compartments showed a 1.5-fold accumulation on the expense of basal PC. Disruption of tight junctions (TJ) by acetaldehyde or PPARγ inhibitors or by treatment with siRNA to TJ proteins suppressed paracellular transport by at least 50%. Transport was specific for the choline containing the phospholipids PC, lysoPC and sphingomyelin. We showed that translocation is driven by an electrochemical gradient generated by apical accumulation of Cl(-) and HCO3(-) through CFTR. Pretreatment with siRNA to mucin 3 which anchors in the apical plasma membrane of mucosal cells inhibited the final step of luminal PC secretion. PC accumulates in intestinal mucus using a paracellular, apically directed transport route across TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Clinics of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Simone Staffer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Clinics of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongying Gan-Schreier
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Clinics of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wannhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Clinics of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margund Bach
- Department of Physics, Kirchhoff Institute of Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Gauss
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Clinics of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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60
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Sutter I, Klingenberg R, Othman A, Rohrer L, Landmesser U, Heg D, Rodondi N, Mach F, Windecker S, Matter CM, Lüscher TF, von Eckardstein A, Hornemann T. Decreased phosphatidylcholine plasmalogens – A putative novel lipid signature in patients with stable coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2016; 246:130-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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61
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Begum H, Li B, Shui G, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Soong R, Ong RTH, Little P, Teo YY, Wenk MR. Discovering and validating between-subject variations in plasma lipids in healthy subjects. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19139. [PMID: 26743939 PMCID: PMC4705481 DOI: 10.1038/srep19139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid levels are commonly used in clinical settings as disease biomarkers, and the advent of mass spectrometry-based (MS) lipidomics heralds the possibility of identifying additional lipids that can inform disease predispositions. However, the degree of natural variation for many lipids remains poorly understood, thus confounding downstream investigations on whether a specific intervention is driving observed lipid fluctuations. Here, we performed targeted mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring across a comprehensive spectrum of 192 plasma lipids on eight subjects across three time-points separated by six hours and two standardized meals. A validation study to confirm the initial discoveries was performed in a further set of nine subjects, subject to the identical study design. Technical variation of the MS was assessed using duplicate measurements in the validation study, while biological variation was measured for lipid species with coefficients of variation <20%. We observed that eight lipid species from the phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine lipid classes were discovered and validated to vary consistently across the three time-points, where the within-subject variance can be up to 1.3-fold higher than between-subject variance. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the range of biological variation in plasma lipids as a precursor to their use in clinical biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husna Begum
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bowen Li
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guanghou Shui
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Richie Soong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rick Twee-Hee Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Little
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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62
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Reddy AV, Killampalli LK, Prakash AR, Naag S, Sreenath G, Biraggari SK. Analysis of lipid profile in cancer patients, smokers, and nonsmokers. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2016; 13:494-499. [PMID: 28182070 PMCID: PMC5256012 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.197036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lipids play an important role in maintaining the cell membrane integrity. Lipid profile is a panel of blood tests that serve as an initial medical screening for abnormalities in lipids and approximate risk for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, pancreatitis, etc., The present study evaluates the alterations in lipid profile in cancer patients, smokers, and nonsmokers and aims to achieve a correlation between them. Materials and Methods: The study is an in vitro type of cross-sectional study with 25 oral cancer patients, 25 chronic smokers (habit persisting for 15 years or more), and 15 nonsmokers as control group. Blood samples had been collected, and triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were analyzed using a lipid profile kit and an autoanalyzer. The results were analyzed using the unpaired t-test and ANOVA test (P < 0.05). Results: There was a significant increase in TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL and decrease in HDL in the smokers group when compared to the controls (P < 0.05). A significant increase in LDL, but a decrease in values of HDL, VLDL, TG, and TC was observed in the cancer patients group when compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is an inverse relationship between serum lipid profile in smokers and cancer patients. The decrease in lipid profile in cancer patients might be due to their increased utilization of lipids by neoplastic cells in membrane biogenesis. Therefore, a decrease in lipid profile in smokers can be assumed that they might be more prone to develop cancerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vikramsimha Reddy
- Department of Oral Pathology, G Pulla Reddy Dental College and Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - A Ravi Prakash
- Department of Oral Pathology, G Pulla Reddy Dental College and Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sushma Naag
- Department of Oral Pathology, Meghna Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Telangana, India
| | - G Sreenath
- Department of Oral Pathology, G Pulla Reddy Dental College and Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Biraggari
- Department of Oral Pathology, G Pulla Reddy Dental College and Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
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63
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Shrestha A, Müllner E, Poutanen K, Mykkänen H, Moazzami AA. Metabolic changes in serum metabolome in response to a meal. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:671-681. [PMID: 26658764 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The change in serum metabolic response from fasting state to postprandial state provides novel insights into the impact of a single meal on human metabolism. Therefore, this study explored changes in serum metabolite profile after a single meal. METHODS Nineteen healthy postmenopausal women with normal glucose tolerance participated in the study. They received a meal consisting of refined wheat bread (50 g carbohydrates, 9 g protein, 4.2 g fat and 2.7 g dietary fibre), 40 g cucumber and 300 mL noncaloric orange drink. Blood samples were collected at fasting and five postprandial time points. Metabolic profile was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Changes over time were assessed with multivariate models and ANOVA, with baseline as control. RESULTS The metabolomic analyses demonstrated alterations in phospholipids, amino acids and their breakdown products, glycolytic products, acylcarnitines and ketone bodies after a single meal. More specifically, phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines and citrate displayed an overall declining pattern, while leucine, isoleucine, methionine and succinate increased initially but declined thereafter. A sharp decline in acylcarnitines and ketone bodies and increase in glycolytic products postprandially suggest a switch in the body's energy source from β-oxidation to glycolysis. Moreover, individuals with relatively high postprandial insulin responses generated a higher postprandial leucine responses compared to participants with lower insulin responses. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated complex changes from catabolic to anabolic metabolism after a meal and indicated that the extent of postprandial responses is different between individuals with high and low insulin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aahana Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Müllner
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannu Mykkänen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ali A Moazzami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Stefas I, Tigrett S, Dubois G, Kaiser M, Lucarz E, Gobby D, Bray D, Ellerbrok H, Zarski JP, Veas F. Interactions between Hepatitis C Virus and the Human Apolipoprotein H Acute Phase Protein: A Tool for a Sensitive Detection of the Virus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140900. [PMID: 26502286 PMCID: PMC4621047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection exhibits a high global prevalence frequently associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, taking years to develop. Despite the standardization of highly sensitive HCV quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) detection methods, false-negative diagnoses may be generated with current methods, mainly due to the presence of PCR inhibitors and/or low viral loads in the patient’s sample. These false-negative diagnoses impact both public health systems, in developing countries, and an in lesser extent, in developed countries, including both the risk of virus transmission during organ transplantation and/or blood transfusion and the quality of the antiviral treatment monitoring. To adopt an appropriate therapeutic strategy to improve the patient’s prognosis, it is urgent to increase the HCV detection sensitivity. Based upon previous studies on HBV, we worked on the capacity of the scavenger acute phase protein, Apolipoprotein H (ApoH) to interact with HCV. Using different approaches, including immunoassays, antibody-inhibition, oxidation, ultracentrifugation, electron microscopy and RT-PCR analyses, we demonstrated specific interactions between HCV particles and ApoH. Moreover, when using a two-step HCV detection process, including capture of HCV by ApoH-coated nanomagnetic beads and a home-made real-time HCV-RT-PCR, we confirmed the presence of HCV for all samples from a clinical collection of HCV-seropositive patients exhibiting an RT-PCR COBAS® TaqMan® HCV Test, v2.0 (COBAS)-positive result. In contrast, for HCV-seropositive patients with either low HCV-load as determined with COBAS or exhibiting HCV-negative COBAS results, the addition of the two-step ApoH-HCV-capture and HCV-detection process was able to increase the sensitivity of HCV detection or more interestingly, detect in a genotype sequence-independent manner, a high-proportion (44%) of HCV/RNA-positive among the COBAS HCV-negative patients. Thus, the immune interaction between ApoH and HCV could be used as a sample preparation tool to enrich and/or cleanse HCV patient’s samples to enhance the detection sensitivity of HCV and therefore significantly reduce the numbers of false-negative HCV diagnosis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Stefas
- ApoH-Technologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvia Tigrett
- ApoH-Technologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR-Ministère de la Défense 3, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Physiopathologie Moléculaire Comparée, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Grégor Dubois
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR-Ministère de la Défense 3, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Physiopathologie Moléculaire Comparée, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Estelle Lucarz
- ApoH-Technologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Gobby
- ApoH-Technologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dorothy Bray
- Immunoclin Corporation, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Heinz Ellerbrok
- Robert Koch-Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean Pierre Zarski
- Clinique d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, IAB, INSERM U823, Grenoble, France
| | - Francisco Veas
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR-Ministère de la Défense 3, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Physiopathologie Moléculaire Comparée, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
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Mahmoudi M, Sheibani S, Milani AS, Rezaee F, Gauberti M, Dinarvand R, Vali H. Crucial role of the protein corona for the specific targeting of nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:215-26. [PMID: 25600967 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate the physicochemical effects of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on the composition of the protein corona and their correspondence toxicological issues. MATERIALS & METHODS SPIONs of different sizes and surface charges were exposed to fetal bovine serum. The structure/composition and biological effects of the protein corona-SPION complexes were probed. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The affinity and level of adsorption of specific proteins is strongly dependent on the size and surface charge of the SPIONs. In vivo experiments on the mouse blood-brain barrier model revealed that nontargeted SPIONs containing specific proteins will enter the brain endothelial barrier cells. CONCLUSION Some commercially available nanoparticles used for target-specific applications may have unintended uptake in the body (e.g., brain tissue) with potential cytotoxity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mahmoudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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66
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Niyonzima N, Samstad EO, Aune MH, Ryan L, Bakke SS, Rokstad AM, Wright SD, Damås JK, Mollnes TE, Latz E, Espevik T. Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Attenuates Cholesterol Crystal-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Reducing Complement Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:257-64. [PMID: 26026058 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the arterial wall is a key element in the development of atherosclerosis, and cholesterol crystals (CC) that accumulate in plaques are associated with initiation and progression of the disease. We recently revealed a link between the complement system and CC-induced inflammasome caspase-1 activation, showing that the complement system is a key trigger in CC-induced inflammation. HDL exhibits cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties thought to explain its inverse correlation to cardiovascular risk. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) on CC-induced inflammation in a human whole blood model. rHDL bound to CC and inhibited the CC-induced complement activation as measured by soluble terminal C5b-9 formation and C3c deposition on the CC surface. rHDL attenuated the amount of CC-induced complement receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18) expression on monocytes and granulocytes, as well as reactive oxygen species generation. Moreover, addition of CC to whole blood resulted in release of proinflammatory cytokines that were inhibited by rHDL. Our results support and extend the notion that CC are potent triggers of inflammation, and that rHDL may have a beneficial role in controlling the CC-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting complement deposition on the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Niyonzima
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivind O Samstad
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Medicine, Ålesund Hospital, Ålesund 6026, Norway
| | - Marie H Aune
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Ryan
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siril S Bakke
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Mari Rokstad
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Trondheim N-7501, Norway
| | - Samuel D Wright
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics, CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA 19406
| | - Jan K Damås
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo N-0027, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0027, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø N-8092, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø N-9037, Norway; and
| | - Eicke Latz
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Biomedical Center, Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Terje Espevik
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway;
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Abstract
Recent developments of introducing stratified medicine/personal health care have led to an increased demand for specific biomarkers. However, despite the myriads of biomarkers claimed to be fit for all sorts of diseases and applications, the scientific integrity of the claims and therefore their credibility is far from satisfactory. Biomarker databases are met with scepticism. The reasons for this lack of faith come from different directions: lack of integrity of the biospecimen and meta-analysis of data derived from biospecimen prepared in various ways cause incoherence and false indications. Although the trend for antibody-independent assays is on the rise, demand for consistent performance of antibodies (both in choice of antibody and how to apply it in the correct dilution where applicable) in immune assays remains unmet in too many cases. Quantitative assays suffer from a lack of world-wide accepted criteria when the immune assay is not ELISA-based. Finally, statistical analysis suffer from coherence both in the way software packages are being scrutinized for mistakes in the script and remaining invisible after small-scale analysis, and in the way appropriate queries are fed into the packages in search for output that is fit for the types of data put in. Wrong queries would lead to wrong statistical conclusions, for example when data from a cohort of patients with different backgrounds are being analysed, or when one seeks an answer from software that was not designed for such query.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Voskuil
- Everest Biotech Ltd, Upper Heyford, OX255HD, UK
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68
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Padro T, Vilahur G, Sánchez-Hernández J, Hernández M, Antonijoan RM, Perez A, Badimon L. Lipidomic changes of LDL in overweight and moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects taking phytosterol- and omega-3-supplemented milk. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1043-56. [PMID: 25773888 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p052217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of dietary phytosterols (PhySs) and long-chain n-3 PUFA (ω3) have been linked to their effects as cholesterol- and triglyceride (TGL)-lowering agents. However, it remains unknown whether these compounds have further metabolic effects on LDL lipid composition. Here, we studied the effects of PhyS- or ω3-supplemented low-fat milk (milk) on the LDL-lipidome. Overweight and moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects (n = 32) were enrolled in a two-arm longitudinal crossover study. Milk (250 ml/day), enriched with either 1.57 g PhyS or 375 mg ω3 (EPA + DHA), was given to the participants during two sequential 28 day intervention periods. Compared with baseline, PhyS-milk induced a higher reduction in the LDL cholesterol (LDLc) level than ω3-milk. LDL resistance to oxidation was significantly increased after intervention with PhyS-milk. Changes in TGL and VLDL cholesterol were only evident after ω3-milk intake. Lipidomic analysis revealed a differential effect of the PhyS- and ω3-milk interventions on the LDL lipid metabolite pattern. Content in LDL-glycerophospholipids was reduced after PhyS-milk intake, with major changes in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine subclasses, whereas ω3-milk induced significant changes in the long-chain polyunsaturated cholesteryl esters and in the ratio PC36:5/lysoPC16:0, associated to a reduced inflammatory activity. In conclusion, daily intake of milk products containing PhyS or ω3 supplements induce changes in the LDL-lipidome that indicate reduced inflammatory and atherogenic effects, beyond their LDLc- and TGL-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Hernández
- CAPSA FOOD Nutrition Department, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Antonijoan
- Medicament Research Center (CIM), Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Perez
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain Cardiovascular Research Chair, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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69
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Ge C, Tian J, Zhao Y, Chen C, Zhou R, Chai Z. Towards understanding of nanoparticle–protein corona. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:519-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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70
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Reis A, Rudnitskaya A, Chariyavilaskul P, Dhaun N, Melville V, Goddard J, Webb DJ, Pitt AR, Spickett CM. Top-down lipidomics of low density lipoprotein reveal altered lipid profiles in advanced chronic kidney disease. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:413-22. [PMID: 25424003 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m055624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the molecular lipidomic profile of LDL in patients with nondiabetic advanced renal disease and no evidence of CVD to that of age-matched controls, with the hypothesis that it would reveal proatherogenic lipid alterations. LDL was isolated from 10 normocholesterolemic patients with stage 4/5 renal disease and 10 controls, and lipids were analyzed by accurate mass LC/MS. Top-down lipidomics analysis and manual examination of the data identified 352 lipid species, and automated comparative analysis demonstrated alterations in lipid profile in disease. The total lipid and cholesterol content was unchanged, but levels of triacylglycerides and N-acyltaurines were significantly increased, while phosphatidylcholines, plasmenyl ethanolamines, sulfatides, ceramides, and cholesterol sulfate were significantly decreased in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Chemometric analysis of individual lipid species showed very good discrimination of control and disease sample despite the small cohorts and identified individual unsaturated phospholipids and triglycerides mainly responsible for the discrimination. These findings illustrate the point that although the clinical biochemistry parameters may not appear abnormal, there may be important underlying lipidomic changes that contribute to disease pathology. The lipidomic profile of CKD LDL offers potential for new biomarkers and novel insights into lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alisa Rudnitskaya
- Centro de Estudios do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pajaree Chariyavilaskul
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vanessa Melville
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jane Goddard
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Webb
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew R Pitt
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Neutrophil effector responses are suppressed by secretory phospholipase A2 modified HDL. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:184-93. [PMID: 25463476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) generates bioactive lysophospholipids implicated in acute and chronic inflammation, but the pathophysiologic role of sPLA2 is poorly understood. Given that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the major substrate for sPLA2 in plasma, we investigated the effects of sPLA2-mediated modification of HDL (sPLA2-HDL) on neutrophil function, an essential arm of the innate immune response and atherosclerosis. Treatment of neutrophils with sPLA2-HDL rapidly prevented agonist-induced neutrophil activation, including shape change, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, CD11b activation, adhesion under flow and migration of neutrophils. The cholesterol-mobilizing activity of sPLA2-HDL was markedly increased when compared to native HDL, promoting a significant reduction of cholesterol-rich signaling microdomains integral to cellular signaling pathways. Moreover, sPLA2-HDL effectively suppressed agonist-induced rise in intracellular Ca²⁺ levels. Native HDL showed no significant effects and removing lysophospholipids from sPLA2-HDL abolished all anti-inflammatory activities. Overall, our studies suggest that the increased cholesterol-mobilizing activity of sPLA2-HDL and suppression of rise in intracellular Ca²⁺ levels are likely mechanism that counteracts agonist-induced activation of neutrophils. These counterintuitive findings imply that neutrophil trafficking and effector responses are altered by sPLA2-HDL during inflammatory conditions.
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72
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Wan M, Hua X, Su J, Thiagarajan D, Frostegård AG, Haeggström JZ, Frostegård J. Oxidized but not native cardiolipin has pro-inflammatory effects, which are inhibited by Annexin A5. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:592-8. [PMID: 24956533 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid with an unusual dimeric structure containing four double-bonds and is easily oxidized. CL is present in mitochondria. Here we explored potential pro-inflammatory properties implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD): activation of endothelial cells, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), by oxidized CL (oxCL) and inhibitory effects of Annexin A5, an antithrombotic and antiinflammatory plasma protein. METHODS In monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils, calcium mobilization was monitored spectrophotometrically with Fura-2 and synthesis of LTB4 was analyzed by EIA. Expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells was studied by FACScan. Binding of Annexin A5 were analyzed by ELISA. The mRNA expression of 5-LOX and cyclooxygenase-2 was assessed by Real-Time PCR. RESULTS We demonstrate that oxCL but not its non-oxidized counterpart CL induces biosynthesis of LTB4 and increases intracellular concentrations of calcium in monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. oxCL rather than CL selectively elevates gene expression of 5-LOX but not COX-2 in human macrophages. Furthermore, oxCL but not CL raises levels of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in endothelial cells. Annexin A5 can bind oxCL to abolish all these oxCL-induced effects. CONCLUSIONS oxCL may promote inflammation and related diseases especially in conditions involving unresolved apoptosis and necrosis, such as atherosclerosis, where free oxCL is likely to be released from liberated mitochondria. Increased intracellular calcium could activate 5-LOX to produce Leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Annexin A5 inhibits the pro-inflammatory effects of oxCL and its potential therapeutic use when oxCL is implicated in inflammation could be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wan
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiang Hua
- IMM, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Divisions of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jun Su
- IMM, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Divya Thiagarajan
- IMM, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna G Frostegård
- IMM, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Frostegård
- IMM, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Divisions of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Acute Internal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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73
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Hajipour MJ, Laurent S, Aghaie A, Rezaee F, Mahmoudi M. Personalized protein coronas: a "key" factor at the nanobiointerface. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1210-1221. [PMID: 32481892 DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is now well known that the primary interactions of biological entities (e.g., tissues and cells) with nanoparticles (NPs) are strongly influenced by the protein composition of the "corona" (i.e., the NP surface attached proteins). The composition of the corona strongly depends on the protein source (e.g., human plasma). Because the protein source determines the NP corona, it is reasonable to hypothesize that humans with specific disease(s) may have specific NP coronas. To test this hypothesis, we incubated two different hydrophobic/hydrophilic types of NPs (polystyrene and silica) with plasma from human subjects with different diseases and medical conditions (e.g., breast cancer, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, rheumatism, fauvism, smoking, hemodialysis, thalassemia, hemophilia A and B, pregnancy, common cold and hypofibrinogenemia). Our results demonstrate that the type of disease has a crucial role in the protein composition of the NP corona. Based on these results, we introduce the concept of the "personalized protein corona" (PPC) as a determinant factor in nano-biomedical science. This study will help researchers rationally design experiments based on the "personalized protein corona" for clinical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J Hajipour
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Recognition functions of pentameric C-reactive protein in cardiovascular disease. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:319215. [PMID: 24948846 PMCID: PMC4052174 DOI: 10.1155/2014/319215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) performs two recognition functions that are relevant to cardiovascular disease. First, in its native pentameric conformation, CRP recognizes molecules and cells with exposed phosphocholine (PCh) groups, such as microbial pathogens and damaged cells. PCh-containing ligand-bound CRP activates the complement system to destroy the ligand. Thus, the PCh-binding function of CRP is defensive if it occurs on foreign pathogens because it results in the killing of the pathogen via complement activation. On the other hand, the PCh-binding function of CRP is detrimental if it occurs on injured host cells because it causes more damage to the tissue via complement activation; this is how CRP worsens acute myocardial infarction and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Second, in its nonnative pentameric conformation, CRP also recognizes atherogenic low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Recent data suggest that the LDL-binding function of CRP is beneficial because it prevents formation of macrophage foam cells, attenuates inflammatory effects of LDL, inhibits LDL oxidation, and reduces proatherogenic effects of macrophages, raising the possibility that nonnative CRP may show atheroprotective effects in experimental animals. In conclusion, temporarily inhibiting the PCh-binding function of CRP along with facilitating localized presence of nonnative pentameric CRP could be a promising approach to treat atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. There is no need to stop the biosynthesis of CRP.
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75
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Frostegård AG, Hua X, Su J, Carrero JJ, Heimbürger O, Bárány P, Stenvinkel P, Frostegård J. Immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies against oxidized cardiolipin but not native cardiolipin are novel biomarkers in haemodialysis patients, associated negatively with mortality. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 174:441-8. [PMID: 23879320 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of premature death is high in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Antibodies against cardiolipin (anti-CL) are thrombogenic in diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). CL is easily oxidized (Ox) and plays a role in apoptosis. In this work we studied immunoglobulin (Ig)M anti-CL and anti-OxCL in HD-patients. We conducted an observational study with a prospective follow-up examining the relationship between anti-CL, anti-OxCL and mortality risk in a well-characterized cohort of 221 prevalent HD patients [56% men, median age 66 (interquartile range 51-74) years, vintage time 29 (15-58) months] with a mean follow-up period of 41 (20-48 months). According to the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, anti-OxCL [area under the curve (AUC) 0·62, P < 0·01], but not anti-CL (AUC 0·52, P = 0·2), is associated with mortality. In crude and adjusted Cox analysis, every log increase in anti-OxCL inversely predicted all-cause [adjusted hazard ratios (HR) 0·62 (0·43-0·89)] and CVD-related [adjusted HR 0·56 (0·32-0·98)] mortality. Patients with anti-OxCL levels below median also had increased all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality. Although anti-OxCL and anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) were related positively to each other (ρ = 0·57, P < 0·01), patients with one or two of these autoantibody levels below the median were associated with an incrementally increased death risk. Anti-OxCL were co-factor β2-GPI-independent; anti-CL from patients with anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome were β2-GPI-dependent, while sera from HD-patients less so. Sera from healthy donors was not β2-GPI-dependent. Anti-OxCL IgM is β2-glycoprotein 1 (GPI)-independent and a novel biomarker; low levels are associated with death among HD patients (and high levels with decreased risk). Combination with anti-PC increases this association. Putative therapeutic implications warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Frostegård
- Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Division of Physiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Andersen CJ, Blesso CN, Lee J, Barona J, Shah D, Thomas MJ, Fernandez ML. Egg consumption modulates HDL lipid composition and increases the cholesterol-accepting capacity of serum in metabolic syndrome. Lipids 2013; 48:557-67. [PMID: 23494579 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that daily whole egg consumption during moderate carbohydrate restriction leads to greater increases in plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and improvements in HDL profiles in metabolic syndrome (MetS) when compared to intake of a yolk-free egg substitute. We further investigated the effects of this intervention on HDL composition and function, hypothesizing that the phospholipid species present in egg yolk modulate HDL lipid composition to increase the cholesterol-accepting capacity of subject serum. Men and women classified with MetS were randomly assigned to consume either three whole eggs (EGG, n = 20) per day or the equivalent amount of egg substitute (SUB, n = 17) throughout a 12-week moderate carbohydrate-restricted (25-30 % of energy) diet. Relative to other HDL lipids, HDL-cholesteryl ester content increased in all subjects, with greater increases in the SUB group. Further, HDL-triacylglycerol content was reduced in EGG group subjects with normal baseline plasma HDL-C, resulting in increases in HDL-CE/TAG ratios in both groups. Phospholipid analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that HDL became enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine in the EGG group, and that EGG group HDL better reflected sphingomyelin species present in the whole egg product at week 12 compared to baseline. Further, macrophage cholesterol efflux to EGG subject serum increased from baseline to week 12, whereas no changes were observed in the SUB group. Together, these findings suggest that daily egg consumption promotes favorable shifts in HDL lipid composition and function beyond increasing plasma HDL-C in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Andersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Road Ext., Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, USA
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77
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Domeij H, Hua X, Su J, Bäcklund A, Yan Z, Frostegård AG, Haeggström JZ, Modéer T, Frostegård J. Annexin A5 inhibits atherogenic and pro-inflammatory effects of lysophosphatidylcholine. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 106:72-8. [PMID: 23391726 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory condition, and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques is a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is generated in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) during oxidation and/or enzymatic modification and has been implicated in atherosclerosis. Annexin A5 (ANXA5) is an antithrombotic and atheroprotective plasma protein. Here, we demonstrate novel pro-inflammatory and atherogenic properties of LPC, and inhibitory effects of ANXA5. METHODS Endothelial cells and macrophages (differentiated from, THP-1 a monocytic cell line) were co-cultured. Expression of MMP-9 and OxLDL uptake by macrophages were studied by flow cytometry. The effect of LPC on leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthesis in macrophages was studied by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Chemotactic properties of LPC were investigated using a mouse intra-peritoneal recruitment model. RESULTS Co-culture of macrophages and endothelial cells enhanced MMP-9 expression in both cell types. This effect was increased by LPC and diminished by ANXA5. Likewise, LPC induced LTB4 production by macrophages, whereas native LDL or phosphatidylcholine (PTC) had no effect. ANXA5 inhibited uptake of OxLDL in macrophages. LPC induced cell infiltration in vivo, as determined by increased cell count in mouse peritoneal exudates, and this effect was inhibited by ANXA5. CONCLUSIONS ANXA5 could potentially play an important protective role in both atherogenesis and atherosclerotic plaque rupture by reducing pro-inflammatory effects of OxLDL and LPC as well as inhibiting OxLDL binding and uptake by macrophages. The possibility that ANXA5 could be developed into a novel therapy against CVD deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Domeij
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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78
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Liu YN, Shu TY, Xie HG, Lai WT, Liao YH, Su MY, Lin YS, Chen YY, Lin YJ, Chong CP, Liu MY. Characterization of in vitro modified human very low-density lipoprotein particles and phospholipids by capillary electrophoresis. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23208377 PMCID: PMC3546697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was used to characterize human very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles for four healthy donors. One major peak was observed for native, in vitro oxidized and glycated VLDL particles. The effective mobilities and peak areas of the capillary electrophoresis (CE) profiles showed good reproducibility and precision. The mobility of the oxidized VLDL peak was higher than that of the native VLDL. The mobility of the glycated VLDL peak was similar to that of the native VLDL. Phospholipids isolated from VLDL particles were analyzed by our recently developed micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with a high-salt stacking method. At absorbance 200 nm, the native VLDL phospholipids showed a major peak and a minor peak for each donor. For oxidized VLDL phospholipids, the area of the major peak reduced for three donors, possibly due to phospholipid decomposition. For glycated VLDL phospholipids, the peak mobilities were more positive than native VLDL phospholipids for two donors, possibly due to phospholipid-linked advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Very interestingly, at absorbance 234 nm, the major peak of oxidized VLDL phospholipids was resolved as two peaks for each donor, possibly due to conjugated dienes formed upon oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ning Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan.
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79
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Rasch MR, Bosoy C, Yu Y, Korgel BA. Chains, sheets, and droplets: assemblies of hydrophobic gold nanocrystals with saturated phosphatidylcholine lipid and squalene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:15160-15167. [PMID: 23033891 PMCID: PMC3532054 DOI: 10.1021/la302734r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Assemblies of saturated 1,2-diacylphosphatidylcholine lipid and hydrophobic dodecanethiol-capped 1.8 nm diameter gold nanocrystals were studied as a function of lipid chain length and the addition of the naturally occurring oil, squalene. The gold nanocrystals formed various lipid-stabilized agglomerates, sometimes fusing with lipid vesicle bilayers. The nanocrystal assembly structure depended on the hydrocarbon chain length of the lipid fatty acids. The lipid with the shortest fatty acid length studied, dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, created extended chains of gold nanocrystals. The lipid with slightly longer fatty acid chains created planar sheets of nanocrystals. Further increases of the fatty acid chain length led to spherical agglomerates. The inclusion of squalene led to lipid- and nanocrystal-coated oil droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian A. Korgel
- Corresponding author: ; (T) +1-512-471-5633; (F) +1-512-471-7060
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80
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Peppelenbosch MP. Kinome profiling. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:306798. [PMID: 24278683 PMCID: PMC3820527 DOI: 10.6064/2012/306798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of arrays in genomics has led to a fast and reliable way to screen the transcriptome of an organism. It can be automated and analysis tools have become available and hence the technique has become widely used within the past few years. Signal-transduction routes rely mainly on the phosphorylation status of already available proteins; therefore kinases are central players in signal-transduction routes. The array technology can now also be used for the analysis of the kinome. To enable array analysis, consensus peptides for kinases are spot on a solid support. After incubation with cell lysates and in the presence of radioactive ATP, radioactive peptides can be visualized and the kinases that are active in the cells can be determined. The present paper reviews comprehensively the different kinome array platforms available and results obtained hitherto using such platforms. It will appear that this technology does not disappoint its high expectations and is especially powerful because of its species independence. Nevertheless, improvements are still possible and I shall also sketch future possible directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, L-459, P.O. Box 2040, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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