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Zhao CY, Cheng R, Yang Z, Tian ZM. Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy Based on Chemotherapy. Molecules 2018; 23:E826. [PMID: 29617302 PMCID: PMC6017446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been widely applied in clinics. However, the therapeutic potential of chemotherapy against cancer is seriously dissatisfactory due to the nonspecific drug distribution, multidrug resistance (MDR) and the heterogeneity of cancer. Therefore, combinational therapy based on chemotherapy mediated by nanotechnology, has been the trend in clinical research at present, which can result in a remarkably increased therapeutic efficiency with few side effects to normal tissues. Moreover, to achieve the accurate pre-diagnosis and real-time monitoring for tumor, the research of nano-theranostics, which integrates diagnosis with treatment process, is a promising field in cancer treatment. In this review, the recent studies on combinational therapy based on chemotherapy will be systematically discussed. Furthermore, as a current trend in cancer treatment, advance in theranostic nanoparticles based on chemotherapy will be exemplified briefly. Finally, the present challenges and improvement tips will be presented in combination therapy and nano-theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhe Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhong-Min Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Xu Y, Yang X, Wang T, Yang L, He YY, Miskimins K, Qian SY. Knockdown delta-5-desaturase in breast cancer cells that overexpress COX-2 results in inhibition of growth, migration and invasion via a dihomo-γ-linolenic acid peroxidation dependent mechanism. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:330. [PMID: 29587668 PMCID: PMC5870477 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the inducible COX form, is a bi-functional membrane-bound enzyme that typically metabolizes arachidonic acid (downstream ω-6 fatty acid) to form 2-series of prostaglandins known to be involved in cancer development. Overexpression of COX-2 has been found in a majority of breast carcinomas, and has also been associated with increased severity and the development of the metastasis. Our lab recently demonstrated that COX-2 can also metabolize dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, a precursor of ω-6 arachidonic acid) to produce an anti-cancer byproduct, 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (8-HOA) that can inhibit growth and migration of colon and pancreatic cancer cells. We thus tested whether our strategy of knocking down delta-5-desaturase (D5D, the key enzyme that converts DGLA to arachidonic acid) in breast cancer cells overexpressing COX-2 can also be used to promote 8-HOA formation, thereby suppressing cancer growth, migration, and invasion. METHODS SiRNA and shRNA transfection were used to knock down D5D expression in MDA-MB 231 and 4 T1 cells (human and mouse breast cancer cell lines expressing high COX-2, respectively). Colony formation assay, FITC Annexin V/PI double staining, wound healing and transwell assay were used to assess the effect of our strategy on inhibition of cancer growth, migration, and invasion. GC/MS was used to measure endogenous 8-HOA, and western blotting was performed to evaluate the altered key protein expressions upon the treatments. RESULTS We demonstrated that D5D knockdown licenses DGLA to inhibit growth of breast cancer cells via promoting formation of 8-HOA that can inhibit histone deacetylase and activate cell apoptotic proteins, such as procaspase 9 and PARP. Our strategy can also significantly inhibit cancer migration and invasion, associated with altered expression of MMP-2/- 9, E-cadherin, vimentin and snail. In addition, D5D knockdown and DGLA supplementation greatly enhanced the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil on breast cancer growth and migration. CONCLUSIONS Consistent to our previous studies on colon and pancreatic cancer, here we demonstrate again that the high level of COX-2 in breast cancer cells can be capitalized on inhibiting cancer growth and migration. The outcome of this translational research could guide us to develop new anti-cancer strategy and/or to improve current chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Keith Miskimins
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA
| | - Steven Y. Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
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Guo S, Piao X, Li H, Guo P. Methods for construction and characterization of simple or special multifunctional RNA nanoparticles based on the 3WJ of phi29 DNA packaging motor. Methods 2018. [PMID: 29530505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of RNA nanotechnology has developed rapidly over the last decade, as more elaborate RNA nanoarchitectures and therapeutic RNA nanoparticles have been constructed, and their applications have been extensively explored. Now it is time to offer different levels of RNA construction methods for both the beginners and the experienced researchers or enterprisers. The first and second parts of this article will provide instructions on basic and simple methods for the assembly and characterization of RNA nanoparticles, mainly based on the pRNA three-way junction (pRNA-3WJ) of phi29 DNA packaging motor. The third part of this article will focus on specific methods for the construction of more sophisticated multivalent RNA nanoparticles for therapeutic applications. In these parts, some simple protocols are provided to facilitate the initiation of the RNA nanoparticle construction in labs new to the field of RNA nanotechnology. This article is intended to serve as a general reference aimed at both apprentices and senior scientists for their future design, construction and characterization of RNA nanoparticles based on the pRNA-3WJ of phi29 DNA packaging motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xijun Piao
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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54
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Jasinski DL, Li H, Guo P. The Effect of Size and Shape of RNA Nanoparticles on Biodistribution. Mol Ther 2018; 26:784-792. [PMID: 29402549 PMCID: PMC5910665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs with ideal pharmacokinetic profile require long half-life but little organ accumulation. Generally, PK and organ accumulation are contradictory factors: smaller size leads to faster excretion and shorter half-lives and thus a lower tendency to reach targets; larger size leads to longer circulation but stronger organ accumulation that leads to toxicity. Organ accumulation has been reported to be size dependent due in large part to engulfing by macrophages. However, publications on the size effect are inconsistent because of complication by the effect of shape that varies from nanoparticle to nanoparticle. Unique to RNA nanotechnology, size could be tuned without a change in shape, resulting in a true size comparison. Here we investigated size effects using RNA squares of identical shape but varying size and shape effects using RNA triangles, squares, and pentagons of identical size but varying shape. We found that circulation time increased with increasing RNA nanoparticle size from 5-25 nm, which is the common size range of therapeutic RNA nanoparticles. Most particles were cleared from the body within 2 hr after systemic injection. Undetectable organ accumulation was found at any time for 5 nm particles. For 20 nm particles, weak signal was found after 24 hr, while accumulation in tumor was strongest during the entire study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Jasinski
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Haque F, Pi F, Zhao Z, Gu S, Hu H, Yu H, Guo P. RNA versatility, flexibility, and thermostability for practice in RNA nanotechnology and biomedical applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2018; 9:10.1002/wrna.1452. [PMID: 29105333 PMCID: PMC5739991 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, RNA has attracted widespread attention as a unique biomaterial with distinct biophysical properties for designing sophisticated architectures in the nanometer scale. RNA is much more versatile in structure and function with higher thermodynamic stability compared to its nucleic acid counterpart DNA. Larger RNA molecules can be viewed as a modular structure built from a combination of many 'Lego' building blocks connected via different linker sequences. By exploiting the diversity of RNA motifs and flexibility of structure, varieties of RNA architectures can be fabricated with precise control of shape, size, and stoichiometry. Many structural motifs have been discovered and characterized over the years and the crystal structures of many of these motifs are available for nanoparticle construction. For example, using the flexibility and versatility of RNA structure, RNA triangles, squares, pentagons, and hexagons can be constructed from phi29 pRNA three-way-junction (3WJ) building block. This review will focus on 2D RNA triangles, squares, and hexamers; 3D and 4D structures built from basic RNA building blocks; and their prospective applications in vivo as imaging or therapeutic agents via specific delivery and targeting. Methods for intracellular cloning and expression of RNA molecules and the in vivo assembly of RNA nanoparticles will also be reviewed. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1452. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1452 This article is categorized under: RNA Methods > RNA Nanotechnology RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Haque
- Nanobio Delivery Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Fengmei Pi
- Nanobio Delivery Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhengyi Zhao
- Nanobio Delivery Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Shanqing Gu
- Nanobio Delivery Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Haibo Hu
- Nanobio Delivery Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hang Yu
- Nanobio Delivery Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Comprehensive Cancer Center; and Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Piao X, Wang H, Binzel DW, Guo P. Assessment and comparison of thermal stability of phosphorothioate-DNA, DNA, RNA, 2'-F RNA, and LNA in the context of Phi29 pRNA 3WJ. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 24:67-76. [PMID: 29051199 PMCID: PMC5733572 DOI: 10.1261/rna.063057.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether RNA is more stable or unstable compared to DNA or other nucleic acids has long been a subject of extensive scrutiny and public attention. Recently, thermodynamically stable and degradation-resistant RNA motifs have been utilized in RNA nanotechnology to build desired architectures and integrate multiple functional groups. Here we report the effects of phosphorothioate deoxyribonucleotides (PS-DNA), deoxyribonucleotides (DNA), ribonucleotides (RNA), 2'-F nucleotides (2'-F), and locked nucleic acids (LNA) on the thermal and in vivo stability of the three-way junction (3WJ) of bacteriophage phi29 motor packaging RNA. It was found that the thermal stability gradually increased following the order of PS-DNA/PS-DNA < DNA/DNA < DNA/RNA < RNA/RNA < RNA/2'-F RNA < 2'-F RNA/2'-F RNA < 2'-F RNA/LNA < LNA/LNA. This proposition is supported by studies on strand displacement and the melting of homogeneous and heterogeneous 3WJs. By simply mixing different chemically modified oligonucleotides, the thermal stability of phi29 pRNA 3WJ can be tuned to cover a wide range of melting temperatures from 21.2°C to over 95°C. The 3WJLNA was resistant to boiling temperature denaturation, urea denaturation, and 50% serum degradation. Intravenous injection of fluorescent LNA/2'-F hybrid 3WJs into mice revealed its exceptional in vivo stability and presence in urine. It is thus concluded that incorporation of LNA nucleotides, alone or in combination with 2'-F, into RNA nanoparticles derived from phi29 pRNA 3WJ can extend the half-life of the RNA nanoparticles in vivo and improve their pharmacokinetics profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Piao
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- College of Medicine; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- College of Medicine; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Daniel W Binzel
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- College of Medicine; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- College of Medicine; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Pi F, Binzel DW, Lee TJ, Li Z, Sun M, Rychahou P, Li H, Haque F, Wang S, Croce CM, Guo B, Evers BM, Guo P. Nanoparticle orientation to control RNA loading and ligand display on extracellular vesicles for cancer regression. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 13:82-89. [PMID: 29230043 PMCID: PMC5762263 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-017-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers many benefits, and here we report an advantage of applying RNA nanotechnology for directional control. The orientation of arrow-shaped RNA was altered to control ligand display on extracellular vesicle membranes for specific cell targeting, or to regulate intracellular trafficking of small interfering RNA (siRNA) or microRNA (miRNA). Placing membrane-anchoring cholesterol at the tail of the arrow results in display of RNA aptamer or folate on the outer surface of the extracellular vesicle. In contrast, placing the cholesterol at the arrowhead results in partial loading of RNA nanoparticles into the extracellular vesicles. Taking advantage of the RNA ligand for specific targeting and extracellular vesicles for efficient membrane fusion, the resulting ligand-displaying extracellular vesicles were capable of specific delivery of siRNA to cells, and efficiently blocked tumour growth in three cancer models. Extracellular vesicles displaying an aptamer that binds to prostate-specific membrane antigen, and loaded with survivin siRNA, inhibited prostate cancer xenograft. The same extracellular vesicle instead displaying epidermal growth-factor receptor aptamer inhibited orthotopic breast cancer models. Likewise, survivin siRNA-loaded and folate-displaying extracellular vesicles inhibited patient-derived colorectal cancer xenograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Pi
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel W Binzel
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhefeng Li
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Piotr Rychahou
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hui Li
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Farzin Haque
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shaoying Wang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Wang R, Yu Z, Chen F, Liao C, Wang Q, Huang X. Overexpression of ARID4B predicts poor survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2017; 73:114-121. [PMID: 29288040 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AT-rich interaction domain 4B (ARID4B), which belongs to the ARID family, is heavily involved in cell growth and differentiation and is closely associated with many types of tumors. However, the role of this protein in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. In this study, we used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus to analyze ARID4B expression in HCC. We subjected 15 pairs of fresh-frozen tissue samples to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analyses to investigate ARID4B expression. We also subjected 157 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded HCC tissue samples to immunohistochemical analysis to detect ARID4B expression and to determine the clinical significance of ARID4B expression in HCC. The bioinformatics analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting results showed that ARID4B was highly expressed in HCC tissues compared with adjacent normal liver tissues. High ARID4B expression was strongly correlated with tumor number (P = .02), vascular invasion (P = .004), Edmondson-Steiner grades (P = .000), and tumor-node-metastasis stages (P = .001). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional-hazards analyses indicated that high ARID4B expression was significantly associated with poor survival in patients with HCC and that ARID4B was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with HCC. In conclusion, our results suggest that ARID4B acts as an oncogene in HCC and can therefore serve as a biomarker for the prognoses of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchang Wang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fan Chen
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chunlian Liao
- Anesthesia Operation Department, Jiangxi Provincial People Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Guo S, Li H, Ma M, Fu J, Dong Y, Guo P. Size, Shape, and Sequence-Dependent Immunogenicity of RNA Nanoparticles. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 9:399-408. [PMID: 29246318 PMCID: PMC5701797 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
RNA molecules have emerged as promising therapeutics. Like all other drugs, the safety profile and immune response are important criteria for drug evaluation. However, the literature on RNA immunogenicity has been controversial. Here, we used the approach of RNA nanotechnology to demonstrate that the immune response of RNA nanoparticles is size, shape, and sequence dependent. RNA triangle, square, pentagon, and tetrahedron with same shape but different sizes, or same size but different shapes were used as models to investigate the immune response. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by these RNA nanoarchitectures were assessed in macrophage-like cells and animals. It was found that RNA polygons without extension at the vertexes were immune inert. However, when single-stranded RNA with a specific sequence was extended from the vertexes of RNA polygons, strong immune responses were detected. These immunostimulations are sequence specific, because some other extended sequences induced little or no immune response. Additionally, larger-size RNA square induced stronger cytokine secretion. 3D RNA tetrahedron showed stronger immunostimulation than planar RNA triangle. These results suggest that the immunogenicity of RNA nanoparticles is tunable to produce either a minimal immune response that can serve as safe therapeutic vectors, or a strong immune response for cancer immunotherapy or vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mengshi Ma
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Jian Fu
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Smith JA, Braga A, Verheyen J, Basilico S, Bandiera S, Alfaro-Cervello C, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Shu D, Haque F, Guo P, Pluchino S. RNA Nanotherapeutics for the Amelioration of Astroglial Reactivity. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:103-121. [PMID: 29499926 PMCID: PMC5738063 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In response to injuries to the CNS, astrocytes enter a reactive state known as astrogliosis, which is believed to be deleterious in some contexts. Activated astrocytes overexpress intermediate filaments including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (Vim), resulting in entangled cells that inhibit neurite growth and functional recovery. Reactive astrocytes also secrete inflammatory molecules such as Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), which perpetuate reactivity and adversely affect other cells of the CNS. Herein, we report proof-of-concept use of the packaging RNA (pRNA)-derived three-way junction (3WJ) motif as a platform for the delivery of siRNAs to downregulate such reactivity-associated genes. In vitro, siRNA-3WJs induced a significant knockdown of Gfap, Vim, and Lcn2 in a model of astroglial activation, with a concomitant reduction in protein expression. Knockdown of Lcn2 also led to reduced protein secretion from reactive astroglial cells, significantly impeding the perpetuation of inflammation in otherwise quiescent astrocytes. Intralesional injection of anti-Lcn2-3WJs in mice with contusion spinal cord injury led to knockdown of Lcn2 at mRNA and protein levels in vivo. Our results provide evidence for siRNA-3WJs as a promising platform for ameliorating astroglial reactivity, with significant potential for further functionalization and adaptation for therapeutic applications in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden A Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Alice Braga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Jeroen Verheyen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Basilico
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Bandiera
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Clara Alfaro-Cervello
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Farzin Haque
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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61
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Jasinski DL, Yin H, Li Z, Guo P. Hydrophobic Effect from Conjugated Chemicals or Drugs on In Vivo Biodistribution of RNA Nanoparticles. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 29:77-86. [PMID: 28557574 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver or other organ accumulation of drugs is one of the major problems that leads to toxicity and side effects in therapy using chemicals or other macromolecules. It has been shown that specially designed RNA nanoparticles can specifically target cancer cells, silence oncogenic genes, and stop cancer growth with little or no accumulation in the liver or other vital organs. It is well known that physical properties of nanoparticles such as size, shape, and surface chemistry affect biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profiles in vivo. This study examined how the hydrophobicity of chemicals conjugated to RNA nanoparticles affect in vivo biodistribution. Weaker organ accumulation was observed for hydrophobic chemicals after they were conjugated to RNA nanoparticles, revealing RNA's ability to solubilize hydrophobic chemicals. It was found that different chemicals conjugated to RNA nanoparticles resulted in the alteration of RNA hydrophobicity. Stronger hydrophobicity induced by chemical conjugates resulted in higher accumulation of RNA nanoparticles in vital organs in mice. This study provides new insights for handling drug insolubility, therapeutic toxicity, and organ clearance in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Jasinski
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center; and Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hongran Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center; and Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zhefeng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center; and Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center; and Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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62
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Xu C, Haque F, Jasinski DL, Binzel DW, Shu D, Guo P. Favorable biodistribution, specific targeting and conditional endosomal escape of RNA nanoparticles in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2017; 414:57-70. [PMID: 28987384 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed the successful transition of several nanotechnology platforms into the clinical trials. However, specific delivery of therapeutics to tumors is hindered by several barriers including cancer recognition and tissue penetration, particle heterogeneity and aggregation, and unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles such as fast clearance and organ accumulation. With the advent of RNA nanotechnology, a series of RNA nanoparticles have been successfully constructed to overcome many of the aforementioned challenges for in vivo cancer targeting with favorable biodistribution profiles. Compared to other nanodelivery platforms, the physiochemical properties of RNA nanoparticles can be tuned with relative ease for investigating the in vivo behavior of nanoparticles upon systemic injection. The size, shape, and surface chemistry, especially hydrophobic modifications, exert significant impacts on the in vivo fate of RNA nanoparticles. Rationally designed RNA nanoparticles with defined stoichiometry and high homogeneity have been demonstrated to specifically target tumor cells while avoiding accumulation in healthy vital organs after systemic injection. RNA nanoparticles were proven to deliver therapeutics such as siRNA and anti-miRNA to block tumor growth in several animal models. Although the release of anti-miRNA from the RNA nanoparticles has achieved high efficiency of tumor regression in multiple animal models, the efficiency of endosomal escape for siRNA delivery needs further improvement. This review focuses on the advances and perspectives of this promising RNA nanotechnology platform for cancer targeting and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Farzin Haque
- Nanobio Delivery Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel L Jasinski
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel W Binzel
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dan Shu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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63
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Luo X, Peng X, Hou J, Wu S, Shen J, Wang L. Folic acid-functionalized polyethylenimine superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as theranostic agents for magnetic resonance imaging and PD-L1 siRNA delivery for gastric cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5331-5343. [PMID: 28794626 PMCID: PMC5536232 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s137245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), which is highly expressed in gastric cancers, interacts with programmed death-1 (PD-1) on T cells and is involved in T-cell immune resistance. To increase the therapeutic safety and accuracy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, RNA interference through targeted gene delivery was performed in our study. We developed folic acid (FA)- and disulfide (SS)–polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated polyethylenimine (PEI) complexed with superparamagnetic iron oxide Fe3O4 nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a siRNA-delivery system for PD-L1 knockdown. The characterization, binding ability, cytotoxicity, transfection efficiency, and cellular internalization of the polyplex were determined. At nitrogen:phosphate (N:P) ratios of 10 or above, the FA-PEG-SS-PEI-SPIONs bound to PD-L1 siRNA to form a polyplex with a diameter of approximately 120 nm. Cell-viability assays showed that the polyplex had minimal cytotoxicity at low N:P ratios. The FA-conjugated polyplex showed higher transfection efficiency and cellular internalization in the folate receptor-overexpressing gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 than a non-FA-conjugated polyplex. Subsequently, we adopted the targeted FA-PEG-SS-PEI-SPION/siRNA polyplexes at an N:P ratio of 10 for function studies. Cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the polyplex could also act as a T2-weighted contrast agent for cancer MRI. Furthermore, one of four PD-L1 siRNAs exhibited effective PD-L1 knockdown in PD-L1-overexpressing SGC-7901. To determine the effects of the functionalized polyplex on T-cell function, we established a coculture model of activated T cells and SGC-7901 cells and demonstrated changes in secreted cytokines. Our findings highlight the potential of this class of multifunctional theranostic nanoparticles for effective targeted PD-L1-knockdown therapy and MRI diagnosis in gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology
| | | | - Jingying Hou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital
| | - Shuyun Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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64
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Pi F, Zhang H, Li H, Thiviyanathan V, Gorenstein DG, Sood AK, Guo P. RNA nanoparticles harboring annexin A2 aptamer can target ovarian cancer for tumor-specific doxorubicin delivery. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1183-1193. [PMID: 27890659 PMCID: PMC5426907 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel modified nucleic acid nanoparticle harboring an annexin A2 aptamer for ovarian cancer cell targeting and a GC rich sequence for doxorubicin loading is designed and constructed. The system utilizes a highly stable three-way junction (3WJ) motif from phi29 packaging RNA as a core structure. A phosphorothioate-modified DNA aptamer targeting annexin A2, Endo28, was conjugated to one arm of the 3WJ. The pRNA-3WJ motif retains correct folding of attached aptamer, keeping its functions intact. It is of significant utility for aptamer-mediated targeted delivery. The DNA/RNA hybrid nanoparticles remained intact after systemic injection in mice and strongly bound to tumors with little accumulation in healthy organs 6 h post-injection. The Endo28-3WJ-Sph1/Dox intercalates selectively enhanced toxicity to annexin A2 positive ovarian cancer cells in vitro. The constructed RNA/DNA hybrid nanoparticles can potentially enhance the therapeutic efficiency of doxorubicin at low doses for ovarian cancer treatment through annexin A2 targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Pi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Varatharasa Thiviyanathan
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; AM Biotechnologies, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David G Gorenstein
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; AM Biotechnologies, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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65
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Pelaz B, Alexiou C, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Alves F, Andrews AM, Ashraf S, Balogh LP, Ballerini L, Bestetti A, Brendel C, Bosi S, Carril M, Chan WCW, Chen C, Chen X, Chen X, Cheng Z, Cui D, Du J, Dullin C, Escudero A, Feliu N, Gao M, George M, Gogotsi Y, Grünweller A, Gu Z, Halas NJ, Hampp N, Hartmann RK, Hersam MC, Hunziker P, Jian J, Jiang X, Jungebluth P, Kadhiresan P, Kataoka K, Khademhosseini A, Kopeček J, Kotov NA, Krug HF, Lee DS, Lehr CM, Leong KW, Liang XJ, Ling Lim M, Liz-Marzán LM, Ma X, Macchiarini P, Meng H, Möhwald H, Mulvaney P, Nel AE, Nie S, Nordlander P, Okano T, Oliveira J, Park TH, Penner RM, Prato M, Puntes V, Rotello VM, Samarakoon A, Schaak RE, Shen Y, Sjöqvist S, Skirtach AG, Soliman MG, Stevens MM, Sung HW, Tang BZ, Tietze R, Udugama BN, VanEpps JS, Weil T, Weiss PS, Willner I, Wu Y, Yang L, Yue Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Zhang XE, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Parak WJ. Diverse Applications of Nanomedicine. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2313-2381. [PMID: 28290206 PMCID: PMC5371978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 765] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The design and use of materials in the nanoscale size range for addressing medical and health-related issues continues to receive increasing interest. Research in nanomedicine spans a multitude of areas, including drug delivery, vaccine development, antibacterial, diagnosis and imaging tools, wearable devices, implants, high-throughput screening platforms, etc. using biological, nonbiological, biomimetic, or hybrid materials. Many of these developments are starting to be translated into viable clinical products. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in nanomedicine and highlight the current challenges and upcoming opportunities for the field and translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pelaz
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine
(SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship for Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frauke Alves
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Diagnostic
and Interventional Radiology, University
Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sumaira Ashraf
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lajos P. Balogh
- AA Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology Consultants, North Andover, Massachusetts 01845, United States
| | - Laura Ballerini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bestetti
- School of Chemistry & Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Cornelia Brendel
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Carril
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Warren C. W. Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 639798
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine,
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular
Imaging Program at Stanford and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford
for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument
Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electronical
Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Dullin
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Diagnostic
and Interventional Radiology, University
Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Alberto Escudero
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla. CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Neus Feliu
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | | | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Naomi J. Halas
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77005, United
States
| | - Norbert Hampp
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland K. Hartmann
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry,
and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Patrick Hunziker
- University Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- CLINAM,
European Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ji Jian
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Center for
Bionanoengineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Philipp Jungebluth
- Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, Universitätsklinikum
Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pranav Kadhiresan
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | | | | | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019, United States
| | - Harald F. Krug
- EMPA, Federal Institute for Materials
Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical
Sciences and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- HIPS - Helmhotz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Mei Ling Lim
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Ciber-BBN, 20014 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Laboratory of Bioengineering Regenerative Medicine (BioReM), Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Huan Meng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Helmuth Möhwald
- Department of Interfaces, Max-Planck
Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- School of Chemistry & Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andre E. Nel
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shuming Nie
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77005, United
States
| | - Teruo Okano
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | | | - Tai Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical
Sciences and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Reginald M. Penner
- Department of Chemistry, University of
California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Victor Puntes
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Nanotecnologia, UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital
Institute of Research, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Amila Samarakoon
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Raymond E. Schaak
- Department of Chemistry, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Youqing Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Center for
Bionanoengineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Sebastian Sjöqvist
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Department of Interfaces, Max-Planck
Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud G. Soliman
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials,
Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan,
ROC 300
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rainer Tietze
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine
(SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship for Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Buddhisha N. Udugama
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - J. Scott VanEpps
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019, United States
| | - Tanja Weil
- Institut für
Organische Chemie, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | | | - Zhao Yue
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Qian Zhang
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules,
CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wolfgang J. Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
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Jasinski D, Haque F, Binzel DW, Guo P. Advancement of the Emerging Field of RNA Nanotechnology. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1142-1164. [PMID: 28045501 PMCID: PMC5333189 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of RNA nanotechnology has advanced rapidly during the past decade. A variety of programmable RNA nanoparticles with defined shape, size, and stoichiometry have been developed for diverse applications in nanobiotechnology. The rising popularity of RNA nanoparticles is due to a number of factors: (1) removing the concern of RNA degradation in vitro and in vivo by introducing chemical modification into nucleotides without significant alteration of the RNA property in folding and self-assembly; (2) confirming the concept that RNA displays very high thermodynamic stability and is suitable for in vivo trafficking and other applications; (3) obtaining the knowledge to tune the immunogenic properties of synthetic RNA constructs for in vivo applications; (4) increased understanding of the 4D structure and intermolecular interaction of RNA molecules; (5) developing methods to control shape, size, and stoichiometry of RNA nanoparticles; (6) increasing knowledge of regulation and processing functions of RNA in cells; (7) decreasing cost of RNA production by biological and chemical synthesis; and (8) proving the concept that RNA is a safe and specific therapeutic modality for cancer and other diseases with little or no accumulation in vital organs. Other applications of RNA nanotechnology, such as adapting them to construct 2D, 3D, and 4D structures for use in tissue engineering, biosensing, resistive biomemory, and potential computer logic gate modules, have stimulated the interest of the scientific community. This review aims to outline the current state of the art of RNA nanoparticles as programmable smart complexes and offers perspectives on the promising avenues of research in this fast-growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel W Binzel
- College of Pharmacy, Division
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine,
Department of Physiology & Cell Biology; and Dorothy M. Davis
Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Division
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine,
Department of Physiology & Cell Biology; and Dorothy M. Davis
Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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67
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Yang X, Xu Y, Wang T, Shu D, Guo P, Miskimins K, Qian SY. Inhibition of cancer migration and invasion by knocking down delta-5-desaturase in COX-2 overexpressed cancer cells. Redox Biol 2017; 11:653-662. [PMID: 28157665 PMCID: PMC5288391 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that knockdown of delta-5-desaturase (a key enzyme that converts dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, DGLA, to the downstream ω-6 arachidonic acid) promotes formation of an anti-cancer byproduct 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid from cyclooxygenase (COX)-catalyzed DGLA peroxidation. 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid can exert its growth inhibitory effect on cancer cells (e.g. colon and pancreatic cancer) by serving as a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Since histone deacetylase inhibitors have been well-known to suppress cancer cell migration and invasion, we thus tested whether knockdown of delta-5-desaturase and DGLA treatment could also be used to inhibit cancer migration and invasion of colon cancer and pancreatic cancer cells. Wound healing assay, transwell assay and western blot were used to assess cell migration and invasion as well as the associated molecular mechanisms. Formation of threshold level of 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid was quantified from COX-catalyzed DGLA peroxidation in the cancer cells that overexpress COX-2 and their delta-5-desaturases were knocked down by shRNA transfection. Our results showed that knockdown of delta-5-desaturase along with DGLA supplement not only significantly inhibited cell migration, but also improved the efficacies of 5-flurouracil and gemcitabine, two frontline chemotherapy drugs currently used in the treatment of colon and pancreatic cancer, respectively. The molecular mechanism behind these observations is that 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid inhibits histone deacetylase, resulting in downregulation of cancer metastasis promotors, e.g., MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as upregulation of cancer metastasis suppressor, e.g. E-cadherin. For the first time, we demonstrated that we could take the advantage of the common phenomenon of COX-2 overexpression in cancers to inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion. With the shifting paradigm of COX-2 cancer biology, our research outcome may provide us a novel cancer treatment strategy. High level of COX-2 could be used to inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion. 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid suppresses cancer migration and invasion via inhibiting HDAC. D5D knockdown and DGLA improves efficacy of chemotherapy to inhibit cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Dan Shu
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Keith Miskimins
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Steven Y Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
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68
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Zhang Y, Leonard M, Shu Y, Yang Y, Shu D, Guo P, Zhang X. Overcoming Tamoxifen Resistance of Human Breast Cancer by Targeted Gene Silencing Using Multifunctional pRNA Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2017; 11:335-346. [PMID: 27966906 PMCID: PMC5488869 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most breast cancers express estrogen receptor (ER) α, and the antiestrogen drug tamoxifen has been widely used for their treatment. Unfortunately, up to half of all ERα-positive tumors have intrinsic or acquired endocrine therapy resistance. Our recent studies revealed that the ER coactivator Mediator Subunit 1 (MED1) plays a critical role in tamoxifen resistance through cross-talk with HER2. Herein, we assembled a three-way junction (3-WJ) pRNA-HER2apt-siMED1 nanoparticle to target HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer via an HER2 RNA aptamer to silence MED1 expression. We found that these ultracompact RNA nanoparticles are very stable under RNase A, serum, and 8 M urea conditions. These nanoparticles specifically bound to HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, efficiently depleted MED1 expression, and significantly decreased ERα-mediated gene transcription, whereas point mutations of the HER2 RNA aptamer on these nanoparticles abolished such functions. The RNA nanoparticles not only reduced the growth, metastasis, and mammosphere formation of the HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells but also sensitized them to tamoxifen treatment. These biosafe nanoparticles efficiently targeted and penetrated into HER2-overexpressing tumors after systemic administration in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. In addition to their ability to greatly inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, these nanoparticles also led to a dramatic reduction in the stem cell content of breast tumors when combined with tamoxifen treatment in vivo. Overall, we have generated multifunctional RNA nanoparticles that specifically targeted HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer, silenced MED1, and overcame tamoxifen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Marissa Leonard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
- Graduate Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Yi Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yongguang Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Dan Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
- Graduate Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
- Corresponding Author: Tel: 513-558-3017. Fax: 513-558-4454.
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69
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Nair BG, Zhou Y, Hagiwara K, Ueki M, Isoshima T, Abe H, Ito Y. Enhancement of synergistic gene silencing by RNA interference using branched “3-in-1” trimer siRNA. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:4044-4051. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00846e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured RNA carrying three different siRNAs was assembled to silence three target genes (Axin, APC, and GSK-3β) in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This nanostructured ‘3-in-1’ siRNA showed high activity at a low concentration due to the long-term resistance, and enhancing the effect of RNA interference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Zhou
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako
- Japan
| | - Kyoji Hagiwara
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science
- Wako
- Japan
| | - Masashi Ueki
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako
- Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Abe
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako
- Japan
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako
- Japan
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team
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70
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Haque F, Xu C, Jasinski DL, Li H, Guo P. Using Planar Phi29 pRNA Three-Way Junction to Control Size and Shape of RNA Nanoparticles for Biodistribution Profiling in Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1632:359-380. [PMID: 28730451 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7138-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA is rapidly emerging as a versatile building block for nanoparticle assembly due to its simplicity in base pairing, while exhibiting diversity in function such as enzymatic activity similar to some proteins. Recent advances in RNA nanotechnology have generated significant interests in applying RNA nanoparticles for various applications in nanotechnology and nanomedicine. In particular, assessing the effect of size and shape on cell entry and intracellular trafficking as well as in vivo biodistribution of nanoparticles is challenging due to the lack of nanoparticles rich in structure while varying in size and shape. RNA nanotechnology exemplified by the packaging RNA (pRNA) of bacteriophage phi29 DNA packaging motor has provided a different prospect in nanoparticle designs. Of note, there is a robust three-way junction (3WJ) motif in pRNA which can serve as an adaptable scaffold to construct thermodynamically stable 2D planar and 3D globular RNA architectures with tunable shapes and sizes, and harboring various targeting, therapeutic, and imaging modules. This chapter focuses on the methods for constructing pRNA-3WJ based nanoparticles with controllable sizes and shapes, and assessment of their biodistribution profiles in cancer mouse models after systemic injection and ocular mouse models following subconjunctival injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Haque
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Congcong Xu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Daniel L Jasinski
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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71
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Yang Y, Zhang J, Xia F, Zhang C, Qian Q, Zhi X, Yue C, Sun R, Cheng S, Fang S, Jin W, Yang Y, Cui D. Human CIK Cells Loaded with Au Nanorods as a Theranostic Platform for Targeted Photoacoustic Imaging and Enhanced Immunotherapy and Photothermal Therapy. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:285. [PMID: 27271853 PMCID: PMC4894853 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
How to realize targeted photoacoustic imaging, enhanced immunotherapy, and photothermal therapy of gastric cancer has become a great challenge. Herein, we reported for the first time that human cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) loaded with gold nanorods were used for targeted photoacoustic imaging, enhanced immunotherapy, and photothermal therapy of gastric cancer. Silica-modified gold nanorods were prepared; then incubated with human cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK), resultant human CIK cells loaded with Au nanorods were evaluated for their cytotoxicity, targeted ability of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo, immunotherapy, and photothermal therapy efficacy. In vitro cell experiment shows that human CIK cells labeled with gold nanorods actively target gastric cancer MGC803 cells, inhibit growth of MGC803 cells by inducing cell apoptosis, and kill MGC803 cells under low power density near-infrared (NIR) laser treatment (808-nm continuous wave laser, 1.5 W/cm(2), 3 min). In vivo experiment results showed that human CIK cells labeled with gold nanorods could target actively and image subcutaneous gastric cancer vessels via photoacoustic imaging at 4 h post-injection, could enhance immunotherapy efficacy by up-regulating cytokines such as IL-1, IL-12, IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ, and kill gastric cancer tissues by photothermal therapy via direct injection into tumor site under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. High-performance human CIK cells labeled with Au nanorods are a good novel theranostic platform to exhibit great potential in applications such as tumor-targeted photoacoustic imaging, enhanced immunotherapy, and photothermal therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Fangfang Xia
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Qirong Qian
- Department of Surgery, Changzheng Hospital affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 151 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 20003, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhi
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Caixia Yue
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Rongjin Sun
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shangli Cheng
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Weilin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yuming Yang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
- National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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Babu A, Muralidharan R, Amreddy N, Mehta M, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Nanoparticles for siRNA-Based Gene Silencing in Tumor Therapy. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2016; 15:849-863. [PMID: 28092499 PMCID: PMC6198667 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2016.2621730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a potential strategy in manipulating cancer causing genes by complementary base-pairing mechanism. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is an important RNAi tool that has found significant application in cancer therapy. However due to lack of stability, poor cellular uptake and high probability of loss-of-function due to degradation, siRNA therapeutic strategies seek safe and efficient delivery vehicles for in vivo applications. The current review discusses various nanoparticle systems currently used for siRNA delivery for cancer therapy, with emphasis on liposome based gene delivery systems. The discussion also includes various methods availed to improve nanoparticle based-siRNA delivery with target specificity and superior efficiency. Further this review describes challenges and perspectives on the development of safe and efficient nanoparticle based-siRNA-delivery systems for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Babu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Ranganayaki Muralidharan
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Narsireddy Amreddy
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA ()
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Parlea L, Puri A, Kasprzak W, Bindewald E, Zakrevsky P, Satterwhite E, Joseph K, Afonin KA, Shapiro BA. Cellular Delivery of RNA Nanoparticles. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:527-47. [PMID: 27509068 PMCID: PMC6345529 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
RNA nanostructures can be programmed to exhibit defined sizes, shapes and stoichiometries from naturally occurring or de novo designed RNA motifs. These constructs can be used as scaffolds to attach functional moieties, such as ligand binding motifs or gene expression regulators, for nanobiology applications. This review is focused on four areas of importance to RNA nanotechnology: the types of RNAs of particular interest for nanobiology, the assembly of RNA nanoconstructs, the challenges of cellular delivery of RNAs in vivo, and the delivery carriers that aid in the matter. The available strategies for the design of nucleic acid nanostructures, as well as for formulation of their carriers, make RNA nanotechnology an important tool in both basic research and applied biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Parlea
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Anu Puri
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Wojciech Kasprzak
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Eckart Bindewald
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Paul Zakrevsky
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Emily Satterwhite
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Kenya Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- Nanoscale Science Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte North Carolina 28223, United States
- The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Bruce A. Shapiro
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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Wang J, Mi P, Lin G, Wáng YXJ, Liu G, Chen X. Imaging-guided delivery of RNAi for anticancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 104:44-60. [PMID: 26805788 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The RNA interference (RNAi) technique is a new modality for cancer therapy, and several candidates are being tested clinically. In the development of RNAi-based therapeutics, imaging methods can provide a visible and quantitative way to investigate the therapeutic effect at anatomical, cellular, and molecular level; to noninvasively trace the distribution; to and study the biological processes in preclinical and clinical stages. Their abilities are important not only for therapeutic optimization and evaluation but also for shortening of the time of drug development to market. Typically, imaging-functionalized RNAi therapeutics delivery that combines nanovehicles and imaging techniques to study and improve their biodistribution and accumulation in tumor site has been progressively integrated into anticancer drug discovery and development processes. This review presents an overview of the current status of translating the RNAi cancer therapeutics in the clinic, a brief description of the biological barriers in drug delivery, and the roles of imaging in aspects of administration route, systemic circulation, and cellular barriers for the clinical translation of RNAi cancer therapeutics, and with partial content for discussing the safety concerns. Finally, we focus on imaging-guided delivery of RNAi therapeutics in preclinical development, including the basic principles of different imaging modalities, and their advantages and limitations for biological imaging. With growing number of RNAi therapeutics entering the clinic, various imaging methods will play an important role in facilitating the translation of RNAi cancer therapeutics from bench to bedside.
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75
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Yang X, Xu Y, Brooks A, Guo B, Miskimins KW, Qian SY. Knockdown delta-5-desaturase promotes the formation of a novel free radical byproduct from COX-catalyzed ω-6 peroxidation to induce apoptosis and sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:342-350. [PMID: 27368132 PMCID: PMC5807006 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that colon cancer cell proliferation can be suppressed in the cells that overexpress COX-2 via generating 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (a free radical byproduct) during dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, an ω-6 fatty acid) peroxidation from knocking down cellular delta-5-desaturase (D5D, the key enzyme for converting DGLA to the downstream ω-6, arachidonic acid). Here, this novel research finding is extended to pancreatic cancer growth, as COX-2 is also commonly overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. The pancreatic cancer cell line, BxPC-3 (with high COX-2 expression and mutated p53), was used to assess not only the inhibitory effects of the enhanced formation of 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid from cellular COX-2-catalyzed DGLA peroxidation but also its potential synergistic and/or additive effect on current chemotherapy drugs. This work demonstrated that, by inducing DNA damage through inhibition of histone deacetylase, a threshold level of 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid achieved in DGLA-treated and D5D-knockdown BxPC-3 cells subsequently induce cancer cell apoptosis. Furthermore, it was shown that a combination of D5D knockdown along with DGLA treatment could also significantly sensitize BxPC-3 cells to various chemotherapy drugs, likely via a p53-independent pathway through downregulating of anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g., Bcl-2) and activating pro-apoptotic proteins (e.g., caspase 3, -9). This study reinforces the supposition that using commonly overexpressed COX-2 for molecular targeting, a strategy conceptually distinct from the prevailing COX-2 inhibition strategy used in cancer treatment, is an important as well as viable alternative to inhibit cancer cell growth. Based on the COX-2 metabolic cascade, the outcomes presented here could guide the development of a novel ω-6-based dietary care strategy in combination with chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Amanda Brooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Keith W Miskimins
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, United States
| | - Steven Y Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States.
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76
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Park Y, Kim H, Lee JB. Self-assembled DNA-Guided RNA Nanovector via Step-wise Dual Enzyme Polymerization (SDEP) for Carrier-free siRNA Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:616-624. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkuk Park
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-743, Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-743, Korea
| | - Jong Bum Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-743, Korea
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77
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Sharma A, Haque F, Pi F, Shlyakhtenko LS, Evers BM, Guo P. Controllable self-assembly of RNA dendrimers. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:835-844. [PMID: 26656633 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report programmable self-assembly of branched, 3D globular, monodisperse and nanoscale sized dendrimers using RNA as building blocks. The central core and repeating units of the RNA dendrimer are derivatives of the ultrastable three-way junction (3WJ) motif from the bacteriophage phi29 motor pRNA. RNA dendrimers were constructed by step-wise self-assembly of modular 3WJ building blocks initiating with a single 3WJ core (Generation-0) with overhanging sticky end and proceeding in a radial manner in layers up to Generation-4. The final constructs were generated under control without any structural defects in high yield and purity, as demonstrated by gel electrophoresis and AFM imaging. Upon incorporation of folate on the peripheral branches of the RNA dendrimers, the resulting constructs showed high binding and internalization into cancer cells. RNA dendrimers are envisioned to have a major impact in targeting, disease therapy, molecular diagnostics and bioelectronics in the near future. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Dendrimers are gaining importance as a carrier platform for diagnosis and therapeutics. The authors here reported building of their dendrimer molecules using RNA as building blocks. The addition of folate also allowed recognition and subsequent binding to tumor cells. This new construct may prove to be useful in many clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Sharma
- College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine/Department of Physiology & Cell Biology/Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Nanobiotechnology Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Farzin Haque
- College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine/Department of Physiology & Cell Biology/Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Nanobiotechnology Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Fengmei Pi
- College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine/Department of Physiology & Cell Biology/Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Nanobiotechnology Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lyudmila S Shlyakhtenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - B Mark Evers
- Nanobiotechnology Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine/Department of Physiology & Cell Biology/Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Nanobiotechnology Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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78
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Li H, Lee T, Dziubla T, Pi F, Guo S, Xu J, Li C, Haque F, Liang XJ, Guo P. RNA as a stable polymer to build controllable and defined nanostructures for material and biomedical applications. NANO TODAY 2015; 10:631-655. [PMID: 26770259 PMCID: PMC4707685 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The value of polymers is manifested in their vital use as building blocks in material and life sciences. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polynucleic acid, but its polymeric nature in materials and technological applications is often overlooked due to an impression that RNA is seemingly unstable. Recent findings that certain modifications can make RNA resistant to RNase degradation while retaining its authentic folding property and biological function, and the discovery of ultra-thermostable RNA motifs have adequately addressed the concerns of RNA unstability. RNA can serve as a unique polymeric material to build varieties of nanostructures including nanoparticles, polygons, arrays, bundles, membrane, and microsponges that have potential applications in biomedical and material sciences. Since 2005, more than a thousand publications on RNA nanostructures have been published in diverse fields, indicating a remarkable increase of interest in the emerging field of RNA nanotechnology. In this review, we aim to: delineate the physical and chemical properties of polymers that can be applied to RNA; introduce the unique properties of RNA as a polymer; review the current methods for the construction of RNA nanostructures; describe its applications in material, biomedical and computer sciences; and, discuss the challenges and future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Taek Lee
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Dziubla
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Fengmei Pi
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sijin Guo
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chan Li
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Farzin Haque
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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