51
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Cebula I, Lu H, Zharnikov M, Buck M. Monolayers of trimesic and isophthalic acid on Cu and Ag: the influence of coordination strength on adsorption geometry. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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52
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Lin JD, Wang SH, Cai LZ, Zheng FK, Guo GC, Huang JS. Tetraalkylammonium cations as templates in the construction of two cadmium(ii) metal–organic frameworks. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26213d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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53
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Szabelski P, Rżysko W, Pańczyk T, Ghijsens E, Tahara K, Tobe Y, De Feyter S. Self-assembly of molecular tripods in two dimensions: structure and thermodynamics from computer simulations. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45342a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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54
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Chen SM, Chen YF, Lin R, Lei XP, Zhang J. Organic templates promoted photocatalytic and photoluminescent properties between two coordination polymers. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41930d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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55
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Fu C, Rosei F, Perepichka DF. 2D self-assembly of fused oligothiophenes: molecular control of morphology. ACS NANO 2012; 6:7973-7980. [PMID: 22871038 DOI: 10.1021/nn3025139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and properties of two π-functional heteroaromatic tetracarboxylic acids (isomeric tetrathienoanthracene derivatives 2-TTATA and 3-TTATA) and their self-assembly on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. Using scanning tunneling microscopy at the liquid-solid interface we show how slight geometric differences between the two isomers (position of sulfur in the molecule) lead to dramatic changes in monolayer structure. While 3-TTATA self-assembles exclusively in a highly ordered porous network via dimeric R(2)(2)(8) hydrogen-bonding connection (synthon), 2-TTATA is polymorphic, forming a less ordered porous network via R(2)(2)(8) synthons as well as a close-packed network via rare tetrameric R(4)(4)(16) synthons. Density functional theory calculations show that the self-assembly direction is governed by the angle between the carboxylic groups and secondary interactions with sulfur atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0B8
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56
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Phillips AG, Beton PH, Champness NR. Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Chemistry. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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57
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Mali KS, Adisoejoso J, De Cat I, Balandina T, Ghijsens E, Guo Z, Li M, Sankara Pillai M, Vanderlinden W, Xu H, De Feyter S. Physisorption for Self-Assembly of Supramolecular Systems: A Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Perspective. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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58
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Whitelam S, Tamblyn I, Beton PH, Garrahan JP. Random and ordered phases of off-lattice rhombus tiles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:035702. [PMID: 22400760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.035702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study the covering of the plane by nonoverlapping rhombus tiles, a problem well studied only in the limiting case of dimer coverings of regular lattices. We go beyond this limit by allowing tiles to take any position and orientation on the plane, to be of irregular shape, and to possess different types of attractive interactions. Using extensive numerical simulations, we show that at large tile densities there is a phase transition from a fluid of rhombus tiles to a solid packing with broken rotational symmetry. We observe self-assembly of broken-symmetry phases, even at low densities, in the presence of attractive tile-tile interactions. Depending on the tile shape and interactions, the solid phase can be random, possessing critical orientational fluctuations, or crystalline. Our results suggest strategies for controlling tiling order in experiments involving "molecular rhombi."
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Whitelam
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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59
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Stannard A, Russell JC, Blunt MO, Salesiotis C, Giménez-López MDC, Taleb N, Schröder M, Champness NR, Garrahan JP, Beton PH. Broken symmetry and the variation of critical properties in the phase behaviour of supramolecular rhombus tilings. Nat Chem 2011; 4:112-7. [PMID: 22270626 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The tiling of surfaces has long attracted the attention of scientists, not only because it is intriguing intrinsically, but also as a way to control the properties of surfaces. However, although random tiling networks are studied increasingly, their degree of randomness (or partial order) has remained notoriously difficult to control, in common with other supramolecular systems. Here we show that the random organization of a two-dimensional supramolecular array of isophthalate tetracarboxylic acids varies with subtle chemical changes in the system. We quantify this variation using an order parameter and reveal a phase behaviour that is consistent with long-standing theoretical studies on random tiling. The balance between order and randomness is driven by small differences in intermolecular interaction energies, which can be related by numerical simulations to the experimentally measured order parameter. Significant variations occur with very small energy differences, which highlights the delicate balance between entropic and energetic effects in complex self-assembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stannard
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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60
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Eder G, Kloft S, Martsinovich N, Mahata K, Schmittel M, Heckl WM, Lackinger M. Incorporation dynamics of molecular guests into two-dimensional supramolecular host networks at the liquid-solid interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13563-13571. [PMID: 21951230 DOI: 10.1021/la203054k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to study both the dynamics and mechanisms of guest incorporation into the pores of 2D supramolecular host networks at the liquid-solid interface. This was accomplished by adding molecular guests to prefabricated self-assembled porous monolayers and the simultaneous acquisition of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) topographs. The incorporation of the same guest molecule (coronene) into two different host networks was compared, where the pores of the networks either featured a perfect geometric match with the guest (for trimesic acid host networks) or were substantially larger than the guest species (for benzenetribenzoic acid host networks). Even the moderate temporal resolution of standard STM experiments in combination with a novel injection system was sufficient to reveal clear differences in the incorporation dynamics in the two different host networks. Further experiments were aimed at identifying a possible solvent influence. The interpretation of the results is aided by molecular mechanics (MM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Eder
- TUM School of Education and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Tech. Univ. Munich, Schellingstrasse 33, 80799 Munich, Germany
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61
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Ciesielski A, Cadeddu A, Palma CA, Gorczyński A, Patroniak V, Cecchini M, Samorì P. Self-templating 2D supramolecular networks: a new avenue to reach control over a bilayer formation. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:4125-4129. [PMID: 21792434 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10485c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in 2D self-assembly at interfaces is the ability to grow spatially controlled supramolecular motifs in the third dimension, exploiting the surface as a template. In this manuscript a concentration-dependent study by scanning tunneling microscopy at the solid-liquid interface, corroborated by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, reveals the controlled generation of mono- or bilayer self-assembled Kagomé networks based on a fully planar tetracarboxylic acid derivative. By programming the backbone of the molecular building blocks, we present a strategy to gain spatial control over the adlayer structure by conferring self-templating capacity to the 2D self-assembled network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ciesielski
- ISIS/UMR CNRS 7006, Nanochemistry Laboratory, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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62
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Lei S, Tahara K, Müllen K, Szabelski P, Tobe Y, De Feyter S. Mixing behavior of alkoxylated dehydrobenzo [12]annulenes at the solid-liquid interface: scanning tunneling microscopy and Monte Carlo simulations. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4145-4157. [PMID: 21500863 DOI: 10.1021/nn200874k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic scanning tunneling microscopic study on the mixing behavior of molecules (DBAs) with different alkyl substituents at the solid-liquid interface to reveal the phase behavior of complex systems. The phase behavior of binary mixtures of alkylated DBAs at the solid-liquid interface can be predicted by the 2D isomorphism coefficient. In addition, we also investigated the influence of coadsorption of template molecules on the phase behavior of DBA mixtures. Coadsorption of these molecules significantly promotes mixing of DBAs, possibly by affecting the recognition between alkyl chains. Monte Carlo simulations prove that the 2D isomorphism coefficient can predict the phase behavior at the interface. These results are helpful for the understanding of phase behavior of complex assembling systems and also for the design of programmable porous networks and hierarchical architectures at the solid-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbin Lei
- Division of Molecular and Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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63
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Hauptvogel IM, Seichter W, Weber E. Unusual mixed solvent supramolecular crystal framework formed of a new tecton-like tetracarboxylic building block. Supramol Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2010.527979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines M. Hauptvogel
- a Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg , Leipziger Str. 29, D-09596 , Freiberg , Sachs , Germany
| | - Wilhelm Seichter
- a Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg , Leipziger Str. 29, D-09596 , Freiberg , Sachs , Germany
| | - Edwin Weber
- a Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg , Leipziger Str. 29, D-09596 , Freiberg , Sachs , Germany
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64
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Slater (née Phillips) AG, Beton PH, Champness NR. Two-dimensional supramolecular chemistry on surfaces. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00251a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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65
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Gutzler R, Cardenas L, Rosei F. Kinetics and thermodynamics in surface-confined molecular self-assembly. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00531f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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66
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Szabelski P, De Feyter S. Chiral occlusion in two-dimensional binary supramolecular networks studied by the Monte Carlo method. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ce05315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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67
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Ivasenko O, Perepichka DF. Mastering fundamentals of supramolecular design with carboxylic acids. Common lessons from X-ray crystallography and scanning tunneling microscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:191-206. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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68
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Kikkawa Y, Kihara H, Takahashi M, Kanesato M, Balaban TS, Lehn JM. Two-dimensional structures of anthracene derivatives: photodimerization and host-guest chemistry. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:16718-22. [PMID: 21114251 DOI: 10.1021/jp108069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By using a simple anthracene derivative with four alkoxy tails, a two-dimensional patterned surface was fabricated. The two-dimensional structures were directly visualized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the solid/liquid interface. The anthracene derivative formed highly ordered structures displaying cavities into which solvent molecules of 1-phenyloctane were coadsorbed. The functionality of the patterned surface was demonstrated by activating host-guest chemistry as the solvent molecules could be replaced by coronene, whose size is almost identical to the cavities formed by the anthracene derivative. Furthermore, [4 + 4] photodimerization of the anthracene derivative was performed at the solid/liquid interface and revealed that the physical height and electron density of the states were changed, resulting in the increase of an apparent height in the STM images. We demonstrate thus that the porous network of the two-dimensional pattern created by the anthracene derivative can be applied for selectively incorporating guest molecules and for photoprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan.
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69
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Blunt MO, Russell JC, Gimenez-Lopez MDC, Taleb N, Lin X, Schröder M, Champness NR, Beton PH. Guest-induced growth of a surface-based supramolecular bilayer. Nat Chem 2010; 3:74-8. [PMID: 21160521 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of planar molecules on a surface can result in the formation of a wide variety of close-packed or porous structures. Two-dimensional porous arrays provide host sites for trapping guest species of suitable size. Here we show that a non-planar guest species (C(60)) can play a more complex role by promoting the growth of a second layer of host molecules (p-terphenyl-3,5,3″,5″-tetracarboxylic acid) above and parallel to the surface so that self-assembly is extended into the third dimension. The addition of guest molecules and the formation of the second layer are co-dependent. Adding a planar guest (coronene) can displace the C(60) and cause reversion to a monolayer arrangement. The system provides an example of a reversible transformation between a planar and a non-planar supramolecular network, an important step towards the controlled self-assembly of functional, three-dimensional, surface-based supramolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O Blunt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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70
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Cebula I, Shen C, Buck M. Isophthalsäure als Basis für hochgeordnete Monoschichten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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71
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Cebula I, Shen C, Buck M. Isophthalic Acid: A Basis for Highly Ordered Monolayers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6220-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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72
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Szabelski P, De Feyter S, Drach M, Lei S. Computer simulation of chiral nanoporous networks on solid surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:9506-9515. [PMID: 20205404 DOI: 10.1021/la100043w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A lattice Monte Carlo (MC) model was proposed with the aim of understanding the factors affecting the chiral self-assembly of tripod-shaped molecules in two dimensions. To that end a system of flat symmetric molecules adsorbed on a triangular lattice was simulated by using the canonical ensemble method. Special attention was paid to the influence of size and composition of the building block on the morphology of the adsorbed overlayer. The obtained results demonstrated a spontaneous self-assembly into extended chiral networks with hexagonal cavities, highlighting the ability of the model to reproduce basic structural features of the corresponding experimental systems. The simulated assemblies were analyzed with respect to their structural and energetic properties resulting in quantitative estimates of the unit cell parameters and mean potential energy of the adsorbed layer. The predictive potential of the model was additionally illustrated by comparison of the obtained superstructures with the recent STM images that have been recorded for different organic tripod-shaped molecules adsorbed at the liquid/pyrolytic graphite interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szabelski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University Pl. M. C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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73
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Liu J, Zhang X, Yan HJ, Wang D, Wang JY, Pei J, Wan LJ. Solvent-controlled 2D host-guest (2,7,12-trihexyloxytruxene/coronene) molecular nanostructures at organic liquid/solid interface investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:8195-8200. [PMID: 20030349 DOI: 10.1021/la904568q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) self-assembled networks of 2,7,12-trihexyloxytruxene (Tr) are shown to accommodate coronene guest molecules on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces. The host-guest structures are revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at liquid/solid interfaces. The effect of solvents on the host-guest structures is intensively investigated in different solvents such as 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB), 1-phenyloctane, 1-octanol, and tetradecane. In contrast to the similar 2D hexagonal self-assembly of Tr host template on HOPG in different solvents, the formation of host-guest nanostructures of coronene in Tr 2D network strongly depend on the polarity of the solvents. The thermodynamic equilibrium during the host-guest assembly process is discussed, and the solvent-guest interaction is proposed as a main contributor for the observed solvent effect in the 2D host-guest self-assembly process. The results are significant to surface host-guest chemistry and nanopatterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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74
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Chen T, Chen Q, Zhang X, Wang D, Wan LJ. Chiral Kagome Network from Thiacalix[4]arene Tetrasulfonate at the Interface of Aqueous Solution/Au(111) Surface: An in Situ Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5598-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101598p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
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75
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Shen YT, Li M, Guo YY, Deng K, Zeng QD, Wang C. The Site-Selective Molecular Recognition of Ternary Architectures by using Supramolecular Nanoporous Networks at a Liquid-Solid Interface. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:787-90. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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76
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Kikkawa Y, Koyama E, Tsuzuki S, Fujiwara K, Kanesato M. Bipyridine derivatives at a solid/liquid interface: effects of the number and length of peripheral alkyl chains. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:3376-3381. [PMID: 20175574 DOI: 10.1021/la903156m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bipyridine derivatives (bpys) with various number and length of peripheral alkyl chains (with carbon numbers of n = 11-17) were synthesized, and their self-assembled monolayers were observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at a 1-phenyloctane/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) interface. The effects of the number, the substitution position, and the length of alkyl chains on the two-dimensional structures were systematically studied. Bpys substituted by a single alkyl chain in the p-position on each side adopted an almost linear form with zigzag-type alignment of the pi-conjugated unit, whereas, in the case of m-substitution, the bpys showed Z-shaped morphology with interdigitated alkyl chains. In both cases, no odd-even alkyl chain length effects were observed. The bpys with double alkyl chains at m- and p-positions displayed odd-even alkyl chain effects, suggesting that the formation of two-dimensional structure is dominated by the interactions between alkyl chains. Bpys with triple alkyl chains at o-, m-, and p-positions also showed odd-even alkyl chain effects, but only for the higher number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain unit (n = 14-17). These results indicate that concerted intermolecular interactions of the alkyl chain unit introduce the odd-even chain length effect on the self-assembled two-dimensional structure. After coordination of PdCl(2), odd-even effects were quenched, and bpys were converged into the same lamellar structure, in which the molecules are almost linear. All the structural differences due to the odd-even alkyl chain length effect were explained in terms of intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan.
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77
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Pollard A, Perkins E, Smith N, Saywell A, Goretzki G, Phillips A, Argent S, Sachdev H, Müller F, Hüfner S, Gsell S, Fischer M, Schreck M, Osterwalder J, Greber T, Berner S, Champness N, Beton P. Supramolecular Assemblies Formed on an Epitaxial Graphene Superstructure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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78
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Tahara K, Okuhata S, Adisoejoso J, Lei S, Fujita T, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. 2D networks of rhombic-shaped fused dehydrobenzo[12]annulenes: structural variations under concentration control. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:17583-90. [PMID: 19908882 DOI: 10.1021/ja904481j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of alkyl- and alkoxy-substituted rhombic-shaped bisDBA derivatives 1a-d, 2a, and 2b were synthesized for the purpose of the formation of porous networks at the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB)/graphite interface. Depending on the alkyl-chain length and the solute concentration, bisDBAs exhibit five network structures, three porous structures (porous A, B, and C), and two nonporous structures (nonporous D and E), which are attributed to their rhombic core shape and the position of the substituents. BisDBAs 1a and 1b with the shorter alkyl chains favorably form a porous structure, whereas bisDBAs 1c and 1d with the longer alkyl chains are prone to form nonporous structures. However, upon dilution, nonporous structures are typically transformed into porous ones, a trend that can be understood by the effect of surface coverage, molecular density, and intermolecular interactions on the system's enthalpy. Furthermore, porous structures are stabilized by the coadsorption of solvent molecules. The most intriguing porous structure, the Kagome pattern, was formed for all compounds at least to some extent, and the size of its triangular and hexagonal pores could be tuned by the alkyl-chain length. The present study proves that the concentration control is a powerful and general tool for the construction of porous networks at the liquid-solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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79
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Pollard A, Perkins E, Smith N, Saywell A, Goretzki G, Phillips A, Argent S, Sachdev H, Müller F, Hüfner S, Gsell S, Fischer M, Schreck M, Osterwalder J, Greber T, Berner S, Champness N, Beton P. Supramolecular Assemblies Formed on an Epitaxial Graphene Superstructure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1794-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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80
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Lei S, Tahara K, Adisoejoso J, Balandina T, Tobe Y, De Feyter S. Towards two-dimensional nanoporous networks: crystal engineering at the solid–liquid interface. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00282h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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81
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Miao X, Xu L, Li Y, Li Z, Zhou J, Deng W. Tuning the packing density of host molecular self-assemblies at the solid–liquid interface using guest molecule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8830-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02554b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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82
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Phillips AG, Perdigão LMA, Beton PH, Champness NR. Tailoring pores for guest entrapment in a unimolecular surface self-assembled hydrogen bonded network. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2775-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b926824c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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83
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Lipstman S, Goldberg I. Versatile supramolecular reactivity of zinc-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin in crystalline solids: Polymeric grids with zinc dichloride and hydrogen-bonded networks with mellitic acid. Beilstein J Org Chem 2009; 5:77. [PMID: 20300498 PMCID: PMC2839495 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.5.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystal engineering studies confirm that the zinc-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin building block reveals versatile supramolecular chemistry. In this work, it was found to be reactive in the assembly of both (a) a 2D polymeric array by a unique combination of self-coordination and coordination through external zinc dichloride linkers and (b) an extended heteromolecular hydrogen-bonded network with mellitic acid sustained by multiple connectivity between the component species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Lipstman
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Israel Goldberg
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
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84
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Elemans J, Lei S, De Feyter S. Molekulare und supramolekulare Netzwerke auf Oberflächen: vom zweidimensionalen Kristall-Engineering bis zur Reaktivität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200806339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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85
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Adisoejoso J, Tahara K, Okuhata S, Lei S, Tobe Y, De Feyter S. Two-Dimensional Crystal Engineering: A Four-Component Architecture at a Liquid-Solid Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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86
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Adisoejoso J, Tahara K, Okuhata S, Lei S, Tobe Y, De Feyter S. Two-Dimensional Crystal Engineering: A Four-Component Architecture at a Liquid-Solid Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7353-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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87
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Elemans J, Lei S, De Feyter S. Molecular and Supramolecular Networks on Surfaces: From Two-Dimensional Crystal Engineering to Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7298-332. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200806339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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88
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Heteromolecular grids of free-base and zinc-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrins with benzenetetracarboxylic acid. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-009-9611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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89
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Li Y, Ma Z, Deng K, Lei S, Zeng Q, Fan X, De Feyter S, Huang W, Wang C. Thermodynamic Controlled Hierarchical Assembly of Ternary Supramolecular Networks at the Liquid-Solid Interface. Chemistry 2009; 15:5418-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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90
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Silien C, Räisänen M, Buck M. A Supramolecular Hydrogen-Bonded Network as a Diffusion Barrier for Metal Adatoms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3349-52. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200806267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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91
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Silien C, Räisänen M, Buck M. A Supramolecular Hydrogen-Bonded Network as a Diffusion Barrier for Metal Adatoms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200806267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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92
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Perdigão LMA, Staniec PA, Champness NR, Beton PH. Entrapment of decanethiol in a hydrogen-bonded bimolecular template. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:2278-2281. [PMID: 19199751 DOI: 10.1021/la8035314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have used scanning tunneling microscopy to investigate the deposition of 1-decanethiol onto a bimolecular self-assembled network composed of PTCDI (perylene tetracarboxylic diimide) and melamine on a Au(111) surface. A new laterally organized phase in which the pores of a parallelogram bimolecular arrangement trap two decanethiol molecules is identified. Disruption of the hexagonal PTCDI-melamine network arrangement after decanethiol deposition is also observed, providing insights about the interplay between supramolecular and substrate-adsorbate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M A Perdigão
- School of Physics, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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93
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Ivasenko O, Macleod JM, Chernichenko KY, Balenkova ES, Shpanchenko RV, Nenajdenko VG, Rosei F, Perepichka DF. Supramolecular assembly of heterocirculenes in 2D and 3D. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1192-4. [PMID: 19240870 DOI: 10.1039/b819532c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The results of a high-resolution ambient STM study of 'sulflower' (octathio[8]circulene) and 'selenosulflower' (sym-tetraselena-tetrathio[8]circulene) molecules, immobilized in a hydrogen-bonded matrix of trimesic acid (TMA) at the solid-liquid interface, are compared with the STM and X-ray structure of separate host and guest 2D and 3D crystals, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Ivasenko
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke str. West, Montreal, Canada H3A 2K6
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94
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Rochefort A, Wuest JD. Interaction of substituted aromatic compounds with graphene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:210-215. [PMID: 19053626 DOI: 10.1021/la802284j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have modeled the adsorption of various substituted derivatives of benzene on a graphene sheet, using a first-principles density functional theory-local density approximation method. The presence of functional groups can significantly alter the overall magnitude of pi-pi interactions between the adsorbed molecules and graphene by giving rise to strong medium-range interactions involving pi-orbitals of the substituents. When the substituents can simultaneously permit the formation of hydrogen bonds between adsorbed molecules, it is possible to evaluate the relative contributions of hydrogen bonding and pi-based interactions to the overall adsorption. Adsorption of individual molecules and hydrogen-bonded aggregates reflects a hierarchical balance of the different interactions that determine the overall energy of adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Rochefort
- Departement de genie physique and Regroupement quebecois sur les materiaux de pointe (RQMP), Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
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95
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Langner A, Tait SL, Lin N, Chandrasekar R, Ruben M, Kern K. Two- to one-dimensional transition of self-assembled coordination networks at surfaces by organic ligand addition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:2502-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b822476e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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96
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Yin PX, Li ZJ, Zhang J, Zhang L, Lin QP, Qin YY, Yao YG. Protonated 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole templated luminescent lanthanide isophthalates with a rare (3,6)-connected topology. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b907107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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97
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Koner R, Goldberg I. Crystal engineering of molecular networks. Hydrogen bonding driven two-dimensional assemblies of tetrapyridylporphyrin with benzene tri- and tetra-carboxylic acids. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b906538p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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98
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Stepanenko V, Würthner F. Hierarchical self-assembly of cyclic dye arrays into two-dimensional honeycomb nanonetworks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:2158-2161. [PMID: 19016527 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200801069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Stepanenko
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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99
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Perdigão L, Saywell A, Fontes G, Staniec P, Goretzki G, Phillips A, Champness N, Beton P. Functionalized Supramolecular Nanoporous Arrays for Surface Templating. Chemistry 2008; 14:7600-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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100
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Lei S, Surin M, Tahara K, Adisoejoso J, Lazzaroni R, Tobe Y, De Feyter S. Programmable hierarchical three-component 2D assembly at a liquid-solid interface: recognition, selection, and transformation. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:2541-2546. [PMID: 18630887 DOI: 10.1021/nl8016626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recognition and selection are of fundamental importance for the hierarchical assembly of supramolecular systems. Coronene induces the formation of a hydrogen-bonded isophthalic acid supramolecular macrocycle, and this well-defined heterocluster forces, in its turn, DBA1 to form a van der Waals stabilized honeycomb lattice, leading to a three-component 2D crystal containing nine molecules in the unit cell. The recognition and selection events enable efficient error correction and healing in redundant mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbin Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Nanomaterials, Laboratory of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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