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Han Y, Zhang H, Yu Y, Liu Z. In Situ Characterization of Catalysis and Electrocatalysis Using APXPS. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Choi JIJ, Kim TS, Kim D, Lee SW, Park JY. Operando Surface Characterization on Catalytic and Energy Materials from Single Crystals to Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16392-16413. [PMID: 33210917 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Modern surface science faces two major challenges, a materials gap and a pressure gap. While studies on single crystal surface in ultrahigh vacuum have uncovered the atomic and electronic structures of the surface, the materials and environmental conditions of commercial catalysis are much more complicated, both in the structure of the materials and in the accessible pressure range of analysis instruments. Model systems and operando surface techniques have been developed to bridge these gaps. In this Review, we highlight the current trends in the development of the surface characterization techniques and methodologies in more realistic environments, with emphasis on recent research efforts at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. We show principles and applications of the microscopic and spectroscopic surface techniques at ambient pressure that were used for the characterization of atomic structure, electronic structure, charge transport, and the mechanical properties of catalytic and energy materials. Ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy allow us to observe the surface restructuring that occurs during oxidation, reduction, and catalytic processes. In addition, we introduce the ambient pressure atomic force microscopy that revealed the morphological, mechanical, and charge transport properties that occur during the catalytic and energy conversion processes. Hot electron detection enables the monitoring of catalytic reactions and electronic excitations on the surface. Overall, the information on the nature of catalytic reactions obtained with operando spectroscopic and microscopic techniques may bring breakthroughs in some of the global energy and environmental problems the world is facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Il Jake Choi
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Taek-Seung Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Daeho Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Si Woo Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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Zhang H, Li X, Wang W, Mao B, Han Y, Yu Y, Liu Z. Ambient pressure mapping of resonant Auger spectroscopy at BL02B01 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:123108. [PMID: 33379983 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, resonant Auger spectroscopy (RAS) has presented some advantages in elucidating the electronic structure of free molecules, liquids, and solids. To further extend the application of RAS in complex in situ environments, the ambient pressure system should be developed to characterize the gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces. In this paper, we describe the design and performance of an ambient pressure mapping of resonant Auger spectroscopy (mRAS) system newly developed at BL02B01 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. This system is unique in that the ambient pressure soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS) can be measured in Auger electron yield with kinetic energy (KE) resolved. We can obtain a mapping of the resonant Auger spectroscopy (mRAS) in the near ambient pressure environment. This approach provides an additional dimension of information along the KE of Auger electrons to reveal details of the valence and unoccupied states at the vicinity of the absorption edge. Complementary to the photoemission spectroscopy that probes the core levels, in situ two-dimension mRAS characterization is useful in studying the electronic structure of complex interfaces of gas-solid and liquid-solid under realistic operating conditions. We herein present the in situ oxidation of Cu(111) in the ambient oxygen environment as demonstration of the mRAS capability. Specifically, resolving the Auger features gives valuable clues to the molecular level understanding of chemical bonding and the evolution of orbital hybridization. In addition, the mRAS results of spatial resolution and mbar range gas pressure are shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiaobao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Baohua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yong Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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55
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Novel Sample-Stage for Combined Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Catalytic Characterization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For an in-depth characterization of catalytic materials and their properties, spectroscopic in-situ (operando) investigations are indispensable. With the rapid development of advanced commercial spectroscopic equipment, it is possible to combine complementary methods in a single system. This allows for simultaneously gaining insights into surface and bulk properties of functional oxides, such as defect chemistry, catalytic characteristics, electronic structure, etc., enabling a direct correlation of structure and reactivity of catalyst materials, thus facilitating effective catalyst development. Here, we present a novel sample-stage, which was specifically developed to pave the way to a lab–based combination of near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with simultaneous catalytic operando measurements. This setup is designed to probe different (model) systems under conditions close to real heterogeneous catalysis, with a focus on solid oxide electrochemical cells. In a proof of concept experiment using an electrochemical model cell with the doped perovskite Nd0.6Ca0.4Fe0.9Co0.1O3-δ as working electrode, the precise control of the surface chemistry that is possible with this setup is demonstrated. The exsolution behavior of the material was studied, showing that at a lower temperature (500 °C) with lower reducing potential of the gas phase, only cobalt was exsolved, forming metallic particles on the surface of the perovskite-type oxide. Only when the temperature was increased to 600 °C and a cathodic potential was applied (−250 mV) Fe also started to be released from the perovskite lattice.
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Influence of the ZrO2 Crystalline Phases on the Nature of Active Sites in PdCu/ZrO2 Catalysts for the Methanol Steam Reforming Reaction—An In Situ Spectroscopic Study. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the electronic properties of the metal sites in cubic and monoclinic ZrO2 supported Pd and PdCu catalysts have been investigated using CO as probe molecule in in-situ IR studies, and the surface composition of the outermost layers has been studied by APXPS (Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy). The reaction products were followed by mass spectrometry, making it possible to relate the chemical properties of the catalysts under reaction conditions with their selectivity. Combining these techniques, it has been shown that the structure of the support (monoclinic or cubic ZrO2) affects the metal dispersion, mobility, and reorganization of metal sites under methanol steam reforming (MSR) conditions, influencing the oxidation state of surface metal species, with important consequences in the catalytic activity. Correlating the mass spectra of the reaction products with these spectroscopic studies, it was possible to conclude that electropositive metal species play an imperative role for high CO2 and H2 selectivity in the MSR reaction (less CO formation).
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Toyoshima R, Tanaka T, Kato T, Uchida K, Kondoh H. In situ AP-XPS analysis of a Pt thin-film sensor for highly sensitive H 2 detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10147-10150. [PMID: 32734986 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04030d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In situ ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) combined with resistivity measurement was performed for a Pt thin-film H2 gas sensor. We experimentally demonstrate that the chemical state of the Pt surface changes under working conditions, and it directly links to the sensing performance. Moreover, the operating principle is discussed at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Toyoshima
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Takahisa Tanaka
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taro Kato
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ken Uchida
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
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Held G, Venturini F, Grinter DC, Ferrer P, Arrigo R, Deacon L, Quevedo Garzon W, Roy K, Large A, Stephens C, Watts A, Larkin P, Hand M, Wang H, Pratt L, Mudd JJ, Richardson T, Patel S, Hillman M, Scott S. Ambient-pressure endstation of the Versatile Soft X-ray (VerSoX) beamline at Diamond Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1153-1166. [PMID: 32876589 PMCID: PMC7467337 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520009157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ambient-pressure endstation and branchline of the Versatile Soft X-ray (VerSoX) beamline B07 at Diamond Light Source serves a very diverse user community studying heterogeneous catalysts, pharmaceuticals and biomaterials under realistic conditions, liquids and ices, and novel electronic, photonic and battery materials. The instrument facilitates studies of the near-surface chemical composition, electronic and geometric structure of a variety of samples using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy in the photon energy range from 170 eV to 2800 eV. The beamline provides a resolving power hν/Δ(hν) > 5000 at a photon flux > 1010 photons s-1 over most of its energy range. By operating the optical elements in a low-pressure oxygen atmosphere, carbon contamination can be almost completely eliminated, which makes the beamline particularly suitable for carbon K-edge NEXAFS. The endstation can be operated at pressures up to 100 mbar, whereby XPS can be routinely performed up to 30 mbar. A selection of typical data demonstrates the capability of the instrument to analyse details of the surface composition of solid samples under ambient-pressure conditions using XPS and NEXAFS. In addition, it offers a convenient way of analysing the gas phase through X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Short XPS spectra can be measured at a time scale of tens of seconds. The shortest data acquisition times for NEXAFS are around 0.5 s per data point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Held
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Pilar Ferrer
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Deacon
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Wilson Quevedo Garzon
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kanak Roy
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Large
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Watts
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Larkin
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hand
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Linda Pratt
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - James J. Mudd
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Suren Patel
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stewart Scott
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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Probing consequences of anion-dictated electrochemistry on the electrode/monolayer/electrolyte interfacial properties. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4194. [PMID: 32826881 PMCID: PMC7442636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Altering electrochemical interfaces by using electrolyte effects or so-called "electrolyte engineering" provides a versatile means to modulate the electrochemical response. However, the long-standing challenge is going "beyond cyclic voltammetry" where electrolyte effects are interrogated from the standpoint of the interfacial properties of the electrode/electrolyte interface. Here, we employ ferrocene-terminated self-assembled monolayers as a molecular probe and investigate how the anion-dictated electrochemical responses are translated in terms of the electronic and structural properties of the electrode/monolayer/electrolyte interface. We utilise a photoelectron-based spectroelectrochemical approach that is capable of capturing "snapshots" into (1) anion dependencies of the ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc/Fc+) redox process including ion-pairing with counter anions (Fc+-anion) caused by differences in Fc+-anion interactions and steric constraints, and (2) interfacial energetics concerning the electrostatic potential across the electrode/monolayer/electrolyte interface. Our work can be extended to provide electrolyte-related structure-property relationships in redox-active polymers and functionalised electrodes for pseudocapacitive energy storage.
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60
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Qian J, Baskin A, Liu Z, Prendergast D, Crumlin EJ. Addressing the sensitivity of signals from solid/liquid ambient pressure XPS (APXPS) measurement. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:044709. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0006242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qian
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Artem Baskin
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - David Prendergast
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ethan J. Crumlin
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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61
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Schnadt J, Knudsen J, Johansson N. Present and new frontiers in materials research by ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:413003. [PMID: 32438360 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab9565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this topical review we catagorise all ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy publications that have appeared between the 1970s and the end of 2018 according to their scientific field. We find that catalysis, surface science and materials science are predominant, while, for example, electrocatalysis and thin film growth are emerging. All catalysis publications that we could identify are cited, and selected case stories with increasing complexity in terms of surface structure or chemical reaction are discussed. For thin film growth we discuss recent examples from chemical vapour deposition and atomic layer deposition. Finally, we also discuss current frontiers of ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy research, indicating some directions of future development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schnadt
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Knudsen
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Khan NA, Zhang R, Wu H, Shen J, Yuan J, Fan C, Cao L, Olson MA, Jiang Z. Solid–Vapor Interface Engineered Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Molecular Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13450-13458. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ali Khan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Runnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Fan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Li Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Mark A. Olson
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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The dynamics of overlayer formation on catalyst nanoparticles and strong metal-support interaction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3220. [PMID: 32591532 PMCID: PMC7320156 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts play a pivotal role in the chemical industry. The strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), which affects the catalytic activity, is a phenomenon researched for decades. However, detailed mechanistic understanding on real catalytic systems is lacking. Here, this surface phenomenon was studied on an actual platinum-titania catalyst by state-of-the-art in situ electron microscopy, in situ X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and in situ X-ray diffraction, aided by density functional theory calculations, providing a novel real time view on how the phenomenon occurs. The migration of reduced titanium oxide, limited in thickness, and the formation of an alloy are competing mechanisms during high temperature reduction. Subsequent exposure to oxygen segregates the titanium from the alloy, and a thicker titania overlayer forms. This role of oxygen in the formation process and stabilization of the overlayer was not recognized before. It provides new application potential in catalysis and materials science. Tuning the catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles by encapsulation is a long known process, but mechanistically poorly understood. Here, Beck and colleagues reveal the encapsulation mechanism by support material and the outstanding role of oxygen in the encapsulation mechanism by extensive in situ characterization.
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64
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Li Q, Yan S, Yang W. Interfacial properties in energy storage systems studied by soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:140901. [PMID: 32295356 DOI: 10.1063/5.0003311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfacial behaviors and properties play critical roles in determining key practical parameters of electrochemical energy storage systems, such as lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. Soft x-ray spectroscopy features shallow penetration depth and demonstrates inherent surface sensitivity to characterize the interfacial behavior with elemental and chemical sensitivities. In this review, we present a brief survey of modern synchrotron-based soft x-ray spectroscopy of the interface in electrochemical energy storage systems. The technical focus includes core-level spectroscopy of conventional x-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). We show that while conventional techniques remain powerful for probing the chemical species on the surface, today's material research studies have triggered much more demanding chemical sensitivity that could only be offered by advanced techniques such as RIXS. Another direction in the field is the rapid development of various in situ/operando characterizations of complex electrochemical systems. Notably, the solid-state battery systems provide unique advantages for future studies of both the surface/interface and the bulk properties under operando conditions. We conclude with perspectives on the bright future of studying electrochemical systems through these advanced soft x-ray spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Li
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Shishen Yan
- School of Physics, National Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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65
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Ceria-Based Catalysts Studied by Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A Review. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of better catalysts is a passionate topic at the forefront of modern science, where operando techniques are necessary to identify the nature of the active sites. The surface of a solid catalyst is dynamic and dependent on the reaction environment and, therefore, the catalytic active sites may only be formed under specific reaction conditions and may not be stable either in air or under high vacuum conditions. The identification of the active sites and the understanding of their behaviour are essential information towards a rational catalyst design. One of the most powerful operando techniques for the study of active sites is near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS), which is particularly sensitive to the surface and sub-surface of solids. Here we review the use of NAP-XPS for the study of ceria-based catalysts, widely used in a large number of industrial processes due to their excellent oxygen storage capacity and well-established redox properties.
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66
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Kim G, Yu Y, Lim H, Jeong B, Lee J, Baik J, Mun BS, Kim KJ. AP-XPS beamline, a platform for operando science at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:507-514. [PMID: 32153292 PMCID: PMC7064101 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751901676x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Beamline 8A (BL 8A) is an undulator-based soft X-ray beamline at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. This beamline is aimed at high-resolution ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS), soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (soft-XAS) and scanning photoemission microscopy (SPEM) experiments. BL 8A has two branches, 8A1 SPEM and 8A2 AP-XPS, that share a plane undulator, the first mirror (M1) and the monochromator. The photon beam is switched between the two branches by changing the refocusing mirrors after the monochromator. The acceptance angle of M1 is kept glancing at 1.2°, and Pt is coated onto the mirrors to achieve high reflectance, which ensures a wide photon energy range (100-2000 eV) with high resolution at a photon flux of ∼1013 photons s-1. In this article, the main properties and performance of the beamline are reported, together with selected experiments performed on the new beamline and experimental system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonhwa Kim
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Yu
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoon Lim
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomgyun Jeong
- Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jouhahn Lee
- Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Baik
- Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37674, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjin Simon Mun
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-jeong Kim
- Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37674, Republic of Korea
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V VM, Nageswaran G. Operando X-Ray Spectroscopic Techniques: A Focus on Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions. Front Chem 2020; 8:23. [PMID: 32083053 PMCID: PMC7002430 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of structural as well as chemical properties of an electrocatalyst in its reaction environment is a challenge in electrocatalysis. This is very important for the better understanding of the dynamic changes in the reactivity with respect to the structure of catalysts to give insight into the reaction mechanism. The in situ/operando investigation of electrode/electrolyte interface has been increasingly explored in recent days due to the significant developments in technology. The review focus on operando X-ray spectroscopic techniques to understand the behavior of electrocatalysts in hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER). Some recent studies on the application of operando X-ray spectroscopic methods to study the dynamic nature as well as the evaluation of structural and chemical changes of the electrocatalysts for HER and OER in different reaction environment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha M V
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Gomathi Nageswaran
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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68
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Li C, Liu Q, Boscoboinik JA, Zhou G. Tuning the surface composition of Cu 3Au binary alloy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3379-3389. [PMID: 31976989 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05729c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, here we report the real-time monitoring of dynamic surface composition evolution of Cu3Au(100) in response to the imposed environmental stimuli. Segregation of Au to the pristine surface under ultrahigh vacuum annealing leads to the phase separation with pure Au at the surface and alloyed Au in the subsurface. Upon switching to an oxidizing atmosphere, oxygen adsorption drives the surface segregation of Cu along with inward migration of pure Au to the subsurface. Switching to a H2 atmosphere results in oxygen loss from the oxygenated surface, thereby promoting Au surface segregation and reverting the surface to the pristine state with the Au termination. These measurements demonstrated the tunability of the surface composition of the binary alloy by utilizing the interplay between the tendency of segregating a more noble constituent to the surface and the tendency to segregate the more reactive one with the chemical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
| | | | - Guangwen Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
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69
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Degaga GD, Trought M, Nemsak S, Crumlin EJ, Seel M, Pandey R, Perrine KA. Investigation of N 2 adsorption on Fe 3O 4(001) using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:054717. [PMID: 32035447 DOI: 10.1063/1.5138941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions on iron oxide surfaces are prevalent in various chemical processes from heterogeneous catalysts to minerals. Nitrogen (N2) is known to dissociate on iron surfaces, a precursor for ammonia production in the Haber-Bosch process, where the dissociation of N2 is the limiting step in the reaction under equilibrium conditions. However, little is known about N2 adsorption on other iron-based materials, such as iron oxide surfaces that are ubiquitous in soils, steel pipelines, and other industrial materials. An atomistic description is reported for the binding of N2 on the Fe3O4(001) surface using first principles calculations with ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Two primary adsorption sites are experimentally identified from N2 dissociation on Fe3O4(001). The electronic signatures associated with the valence band region unambiguously show how the electronic structure of magnetite transforms near ambient pressures due to the binding of atomic nitrogen to different surface sites. Overall, the experimental and theoretical results of our study bridge the gap between ultra-high vacuum studies and reaction conditions to provide insight into other nitrogen-based chemistry on iron oxide surfaces that impact the agriculture and energy industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemechis D Degaga
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
| | - Mikhail Trought
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
| | - Slavomir Nemsak
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, USA
| | - Ethan J Crumlin
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, USA
| | - Max Seel
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
| | - Ravindra Pandey
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
| | - Kathryn A Perrine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
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70
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Novotny Z, Aegerter D, Comini N, Tobler B, Artiglia L, Maier U, Moehl T, Fabbri E, Huthwelker T, Schmidt TJ, Ammann M, van Bokhoven JA, Raabe J, Osterwalder J. Probing the solid-liquid interface with tender x rays: A new ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy endstation at the Swiss Light Source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:023103. [PMID: 32113422 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new endstation to perform operando chemical analysis at solid-liquid interfaces by means of ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) is presented. The endstation is located at the Swiss Light Source and can be attached to the soft x-ray in situ spectroscopy beamline (X07DB) for solid-gas type experiments and to a tender x-ray beamline (PHOENIX I) for solid-liquid interface experiments. The setup consists of three interconnected ultrahigh vacuum chambers: one for sample preparation using surface science techniques, the analysis chamber for APXPS experiments, and an entry-lock chamber for sample transfer across the two pressure regimes. The APXPS chamber is designed to study solid-liquid interfaces stabilized by the dip and pull method. Using a three-electrode setup, the potential difference across the solid-electrolyte interface can be controlled, as is demonstrated here using an Ir(001) electrode dipped and pulled from a 0.1M KOH electrolyte. The new endstation is successfully commissioned and will offer unique opportunities for fundamental studies of phenomena that take place at solid-liquid interfaces and that are relevant for fields such as electrochemistry, photochemistry, or biochemistry, to name a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbynek Novotny
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dino Aegerter
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicolò Comini
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Tobler
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Urs Maier
- Ferrovac GmbH, Thurgauerstrasse 72, 8050 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Moehl
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Markus Ammann
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Raabe
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Osterwalder
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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71
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Shang B, Zhang X, Ji R, Wang Y, Hu H, Peng B, Deng Z. Preparation of colloidal polydopamine/Au hollow spheres for enhanced ultrasound contrast imaging and photothermal therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 106:110174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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72
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Negahdar L, Parlett CMA, Isaacs MA, Beale AM, Wilson K, Lee AF. Shining light on the solid–liquid interface: in situ/ operando monitoring of surface catalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00555j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many industrially important chemical transformations occur at the interface between a solid catalyst and liquid reactants. In situ and operando spectroscopies offer unique insight into the reactivity of such catalytically active solid–liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher M. A. Parlett
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- Diamond Light Source
| | | | | | - Karen Wilson
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Adam F. Lee
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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73
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Zhang H, Sun H, Shen K, Hu J, Hu J, Jiang Z, Song F. Recent Progress with In Situ Characterization of Interfacial Structures under a Solid-Gas Atmosphere by HP-STM and AP-XPS. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223674. [PMID: 31703436 PMCID: PMC6888168 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
: Surface science is an interdisciplinary field involving various subjects such as physics, chemistry, materials, biology and so on, and it plays an increasingly momentous role in both fundamental research and industrial applications. Despite the encouraging progress in characterizing surface/interface nanostructures with atomic and orbital precision under ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) conditions, investigating in situ reactions/processes occurring at the surface/interface under operando conditions becomes a crucial challenge in the field of surface catalysis and surface electrochemistry. Promoted by such pressing demands, high-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy (HP-STM) and ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS), for example, have been designed to conduct measurements under operando conditions on the basis of conventional scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and photoemission spectroscopy, which are proving to become powerful techniques to study various heterogeneous catalytic reactions on the surface. This report reviews the development of HP-STM and AP-XPS facilities and the application of HP-STM and AP-XPS on fine investigations of heterogeneous catalytic reactions via evolutions of both surface morphology and electronic structures, including dehydrogenation, CO oxidation on metal-based substrates, and so on. In the end, a perspective is also given regarding the combination of in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and STM towards the identification of the structure-performance relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.Z.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (Z.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101000, China
| | - Haoliang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.Z.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (Z.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101000, China
| | - Kongchao Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.Z.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (Z.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101000, China
| | - Jinping Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.Z.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (Z.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101000, China
| | - Jinbang Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.Z.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (Z.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101000, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.Z.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (Z.J.)
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Fei Song
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.Z.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (Z.J.)
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
- Correspondence:
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74
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Surface Chemistry of Carbon Dioxide on Copper Model Catalysts Studied by Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2019.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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75
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Domingo N, Gaponenko I, Cordero-Edwards K, Stucki N, Pérez-Dieste V, Escudero C, Pach E, Verdaguer A, Paruch P. Surface charged species and electrochemistry of ferroelectric thin films. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17920-17930. [PMID: 31553338 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05526f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The combination of scanning probe microscopy and ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy opens up new perspectives for the study of combined surface chemical, electrochemical and electromechanical properties at the nanoscale, providing both nanoscale resolution of physical information and the chemical sensitivity required to identify surface species and bulk ionic composition. In this work, we determine the nature and evolution over time of surface chemical species obtained after water-mediated redox reactions on Pb(Zr0.2,Ti0.8)O3 thin films with opposite as-grown polarization states. Starting with intrinsically different surface chemical composition on the oppositely polarized films (as a result of their ferroelectric-dominated interaction with environmental water), we identify the reversible and irreversible electrochemical reactions under an external electric field, distinguishing switching and charging events. We find that while reversible ionic displacements upon polarization switching dominate screening in the bulk of the sample, polarization dependent irreversible redox reactions determine surface chemical composition, which reveals itself as a characteristic fingerprint of the ferroelectric polarization switching history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Domingo
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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76
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Filez M, Redekop EA, Dendooven J, Ramachandran RK, Solano E, Olsbye U, Weckhuysen BM, Galvita VV, Poelman H, Detavernier C, Marin GB. Formation and Functioning of Bimetallic Nanocatalysts: The Power of X-ray Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13220-13230. [PMID: 30934165 PMCID: PMC6771619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic nanocatalysts are key enablers of current chemical technologies, including car exhaust converters and fuel cells, and play a crucial role in industry to promote a wide range of chemical reactions. However, owing to significant characterization challenges, insights in the dynamic phenomena that shape and change the working state of the catalyst await further refinement. Herein, we discuss the atomic-scale processes leading to mono- and bimetallic nanoparticle formation and highlight the dynamics and kinetics of lifetime changes in bimetallic catalysts with showcase examples for Pt-based systems. We discuss how in situ and operando X-ray spectroscopy, scattering, and diffraction can be used as a complementary toolbox to interrogate the working principles of today's and tomorrow's bimetallic nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Filez
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Evgeniy A. Redekop
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN)Department of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O box 1126 BlindernC0318OsloNorway
| | - Jolien Dendooven
- Conformal Coatings of Nanomaterials groupGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281/S19000GhentBelgium
| | | | - Eduardo Solano
- Conformal Coatings of Nanomaterials groupGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281/S19000GhentBelgium
- NCD-SWEET beamlineALBA synchrotron light sourceCarrer de la Llum 2–2608290, Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaSpain
| | - Unni Olsbye
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN)Department of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O box 1126 BlindernC0318OsloNorway
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Vladimir V. Galvita
- Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 1259052GhentBelgium
| | - Hilde Poelman
- Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 1259052GhentBelgium
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Conformal Coatings of Nanomaterials groupGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281/S19000GhentBelgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 1259052GhentBelgium
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77
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Filez M, Redekop EA, Dendooven J, Ramachandran RK, Solano E, Olsbye U, Weckhuysen BM, Galvita VV, Poelman H, Detavernier C, Marin GB. Formation and Functioning of Bimetallic Nanocatalysts: The Power of X‐ray Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Filez
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupUtrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Evgeniy A. Redekop
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN)Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oslo P.O box 1126 Blindern C0318 Oslo Norway
| | - Jolien Dendooven
- Conformal Coatings of Nanomaterials groupGhent University Krijgslaan 281/S1 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Ranjith K. Ramachandran
- Conformal Coatings of Nanomaterials groupGhent University Krijgslaan 281/S1 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Eduardo Solano
- Conformal Coatings of Nanomaterials groupGhent University Krijgslaan 281/S1 9000 Ghent Belgium
- NCD-SWEET beamlineALBA synchrotron light source Carrer de la Llum 2–26 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Unni Olsbye
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN)Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oslo P.O box 1126 Blindern C0318 Oslo Norway
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupUtrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Vladimir V. Galvita
- Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent University Technologiepark 125 9052 Ghent Belgium
| | - Hilde Poelman
- Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent University Technologiepark 125 9052 Ghent Belgium
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Conformal Coatings of Nanomaterials groupGhent University Krijgslaan 281/S1 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent University Technologiepark 125 9052 Ghent Belgium
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78
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Probing a battery electrolyte drop with ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3080. [PMID: 31300638 PMCID: PMC6626006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Operando ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy in realistic battery environments is a key development towards probing the functionality of the electrode/electrolyte interface in lithium-ion batteries that is not possible with conventional photoelectron spectroscopy. Here, we present the ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of a model electrolyte based on 1M bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt in propylene carbonate. For the first time, we show ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy data of propylene carbonate in the liquid phase by using solvent vapor as the stabilizing environment. This enables us to separate effects from salt and solvent, and to characterize changes in electrolyte composition as a function of probing depth. While the bulk electrolyte meets the expected composition, clear accumulation of ionic species is found at the electrolyte surface. Our results show that it is possible to measure directly complex liquids such as battery electrolytes, which is an important accomplishment towards true operando studies. Here the authors probe a model electrolyte of a Li-ion battery for insights into the composition and concentration variation using ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy. The work highlights the necessity to stabilize the liquid phases and to differentiate surface and bulk compositions in the measurements.
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79
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Head A, Gattinoni C, Trotochaud L, Yu Y, Karslıoğlu O, Pletincx S, Eichhorn B, Bluhm H. Water (Non-)Interaction with MoO 3. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:16836-16842. [PMID: 32952766 PMCID: PMC7493422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b03822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum(VI) oxide (MoO3) is used in a number of technical processes such as gas filtration and heterogeneous catalysis. In these applications, the adsorption and dissociation of water on the surface can influence the chemistry of MoO3 and thus the course of heterogeneous reactions. We use ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the interaction of water with a stoichiometric MoO3 surface and a MoO3 surface that features oxygen defects and hydroxyl groups. The experimental results are supported by density functional theory calculations. We show that on a stoichiometric MoO3(010) surface, where Mo sites are unavailable, water adsorption is strongly disfavored. However, the introduction of surface species, which can interact with the lone pairs on the water O atom, e.g., Mo5+ atoms or surface OH groups, promotes water adsorption. Dissociation of water is favored at unsaturated Mo sites, i.e., at oxygen vacancies, while water adsorbs molecularly at hydroxyl sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley
R. Head
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Chiara Gattinoni
- Materials
Theory, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Trotochaud
- Chemical Sciences Division and Advanced Light
Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yi Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division and Advanced Light
Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Osman Karslıoğlu
- Chemical Sciences Division and Advanced Light
Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sven Pletincx
- Chemical Sciences Division and Advanced Light
Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials and Chemistry, Research Group Electrochemical and Surface
Engineering (SURF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bryan Eichhorn
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hendrik Bluhm
- Chemical Sciences Division and Advanced Light
Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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80
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Nguyen L, Tao FF, Tang Y, Dou J, Bao XJ. Understanding Catalyst Surfaces during Catalysis through Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6822-6905. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luan Nguyen
- Institute of In Situ/Operando Studies of Catalysis and State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment and College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Franklin Feng Tao
- Institute of In Situ/Operando Studies of Catalysis and State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment and College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Yu Tang
- Institute of In Situ/Operando Studies of Catalysis and State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment and College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Jian Dou
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Xiao-Jun Bao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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81
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Ning Y, Fu Q, Li Y, Zhao S, Wang C, Breitschaft M, Hagen S, Schaff O, Bao X. A near ambient pressure photoemission electron microscope (NAP-PEEM). Ultramicroscopy 2019; 200:105-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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82
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Abstract
Synchrotron-based scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM) has opened unique opportunities for exploiting processes occurring at surfaces and interfaces, which control the properties of materials for electrochemical devices, where issues of chemical and morphological complexity at microscopic length scales should be faced and understood. The present article aims to demonstrate the present capabilities of SPEM to explore the surface composition of micro- and nano-structured materials, focusing on cases relevant to electrochemical technologies. We report and discuss a selection of recent results about three different systems, targeting hot topics in the fields of electrochemical energy storage and electrochemical fabrication: (i) an in-depth analysis of Ag-In electrodeposited alloys exhibiting dynamic pattern formation, (ii) the analysis of electrochemical processes at the electrodes of a self-driven solid oxide fuel cell and (iii) an operando characterization of a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell. The last example has been performed at near-ambient pressure conditions using a unique specially designed setup which extends the traditional capabilities of scanning photoemission microscopes in the ultra-high and high-vacuum regimes to operating conditions that are closer to realistic ones, contributing to overcome the so-called “pressure gap”.
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83
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Koitaya T, Yamamoto S, Shiozawa Y, Yoshikura Y, Hasegawa M, Tang J, Takeuchi K, Mukai K, Yoshimoto S, Matsuda I, Yoshinobu J. CO2 Activation and Reaction on Zn-Deposited Cu Surfaces Studied by Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Koitaya
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Susumu Yamamoto
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shiozawa
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshikura
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hasegawa
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Jiayi Tang
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kaori Takeuchi
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kozo Mukai
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Shinya Yoshimoto
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Iwao Matsuda
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshinobu
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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84
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Roy K, Artiglia L, Xiao Y, Varma A, van Bokhoven JA. Role of Bismuth in the Stability of Pt–Bi Bimetallic Catalyst for Methane Mediated Deoxygenation of Guaiacol, an APXPS Study. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanak Roy
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Arvind Varma
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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85
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Robles-Martínez M, González JFC, Pérez-Vázquez FJ, Montejano-Carrizales JM, Pérez E, Patiño-Herrera R. Antimycotic Activity Potentiation of Allium sativum Extract and Silver Nanoparticles against Trichophyton rubrum. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800525. [PMID: 30614195 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A natural and biocompatible extract of garlic as a support, decorated with silver nanoparticles, is a proposal to generate an effective antifungal agent against dermatophytes at low concentrations. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a diameter of 26±7 nm were synthesized and their antimycotic activity was examined against Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum), inhibiting 94 % of growth at a concentration of 0.08 mg ml-1 . Allium sativum (garlic) extract was also obtained (AsExt), and its MIC was 0.04 mg ml-1 . To increase the antifungal capacity of those systems, AsExt was decorated with AgNPs, obtaining AsExt-AgNPs. Using an AsExt concentration of 0.04 mg ml-1 in independent experiments with concentrations from 0.01 to 0.08 mg ml-1 of AgNPs, it was possible to inhibit T. rubrum at all AgNPs concentrations; it proves a synergistic effect between AgNPs and AsExt. Even if 1 % of the minimum inhibitory concentration of AsExt (0.0004 mg ml-1 ) is used, it was possible to inhibit T. rubrum at all concentrations of AgNPs, demonstrating the successful antimycotic activity potentiation when combining AsExt and AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Robles-Martínez
- Doctorado en Ingeniería y Ciencia de Materiales de la UASLP, Sierra Leona 530, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78210, México
| | | | - Francisco Javier Pérez-Vázquez
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), UASLP, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78210, México
| | | | - Elías Pérez
- Instituto de Física, UASLP, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí 78000, México
| | - Rosalba Patiño-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Antonio García Cubas Pte #600 esq. Av. Tecnológico. Celaya, Guanajuato, 38010, México
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86
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Zhao P, Cao Z, Liu X, Ren P, Cao DB, Xiang H, Jiao H, Yang Y, Li YW, Wen XD. Morphology and Reactivity Evolution of HCP and FCC Ru Nanoparticles under CO Atmosphere. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b05074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Pengju Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Bo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Wang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
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87
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Abstract
The development of novel in situ/operando spectroscopic tools has provided the opportunity for a molecular level understanding of solid/liquid interfaces. Ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy using hard X-rays is an excellent interface characterization tool, due to its ability to interrogate simultaneously the chemical composition and built-in electrical potentials, in situ. In this work, we briefly describe the “dip and pull” method, which is currently used as a way to investigate in situ solid/liquid interfaces. By simulating photoelectron intensities from a functionalized TiO2 surface buried by a nanometric-thin layer of water, we obtain the optimal photon energy range that provides the greatest sensitivity to the interface. We also study the evolution of the functionalized TiO2 surface chemical composition and correlated band-bending with a change in the electrolyte pH from 7 to 14. Our results provide general information about the optimal experimental conditions for characterizing the solid/liquid interface using the “dip and pull” method, and the unique possibilities offered by this technique.
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88
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Pohl MN, Muchová E, Seidel R, Ali H, Sršeň Š, Wilkinson I, Winter B, Slavíček P. Do water's electrons care about electrolytes? Chem Sci 2019; 10:848-865. [PMID: 30774880 PMCID: PMC6346409 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ions have a profound effect on the geometrical structure of liquid water and an aqueous environment is known to change the electronic structure of ions. Here we combine photoelectron spectroscopy measurements from liquid microjets with molecular dynamical and quantum chemical calculations to address the reverse question, to what extent do ions affect the electronic structure of liquid water? We study aqueous solutions of sodium iodide (NaI) over a wide concentration range, from nearly pure water to 8 M solutions, recording spectra in the 5 to 60 eV binding energy range to include all water valence and the solute Na+ 2p, I- 4d, and I- 5p orbital ionization peaks. We observe that the electron binding energies of the solute ions change only slightly as a function of electrolyte concentration, less than 150 ± 60 meV over an ∼8 M range. Furthermore, the photoelectron spectrum of liquid water is surprisingly mildly affected as we transform the sample from a dilute aqueous salt solution to a viscous, crystalline-like phase. The most noticeable spectral changes are a negative binding energy shift of the water 1b2 ionizing transition (up to -370 ± 60 meV) and a narrowing of the flat-top shape water 3a1 ionization feature (up to 450 ± 90 meV). A novel computationally efficient technique is introduced to calculate liquid-state photoemission spectra using small clusters from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations embedded in dielectric continuum. This theoretical treatment captured the characteristic positions and structures of the aqueous photoemission peaks, reproducing the experimentally observed narrowing of the water 3a1 feature and weak sensitivity of the water binding energies to electrolyte concentration. The calculations allowed us to attribute the small binding energy shifts to ion-induced disruptions of intermolecular electronic interactions. Furthermore, they demonstrate the importance of considering concentration-dependent screening lengths for a correct description of the electronic structure of solvated systems. Accounting for electronic screening, the calculations highlight the minimal effect of electrolyte concentration on the 1b1 binding energy reference, in accord with the experiments. This leads us to a key finding that the isolated, lowest-binding-energy, 1b1, photoemission feature of liquid water is a robust energetic reference for aqueous liquid microjet photoemission studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin N Pohl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , D-14195 Berlin , Germany .
- Fachbereich Physik , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , D-14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Eva Muchová
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology , Technická 5 , 16628 Prague , Czech Republic .
| | - Robert Seidel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , D-14109 Berlin , Germany .
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Department of Chemistry , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Hebatallah Ali
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , D-14195 Berlin , Germany .
- Fachbereich Physik , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , D-14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Štěpán Sršeň
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology , Technická 5 , 16628 Prague , Czech Republic .
| | - Iain Wilkinson
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , D-14109 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Bernd Winter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , D-14195 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology , Technická 5 , 16628 Prague , Czech Republic .
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89
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Zhong L, Chen D, Zafeiratos S. A mini review of in situ near-ambient pressure XPS studies on non-noble, late transition metal catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00632j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rich surface chemistry of Fe, Co, Ni and Cu during heterogeneous catalytic reactions from the perspective of NAP-XPS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhong
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES)
- ECPM
- UMR 7515 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg
- 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02
- France
| | - Dingkai Chen
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES)
- ECPM
- UMR 7515 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg
- 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02
- France
| | - Spyridon Zafeiratos
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES)
- ECPM
- UMR 7515 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg
- 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02
- France
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90
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Pang J, Mendes RG, Bachmatiuk A, Zhao L, Ta HQ, Gemming T, Liu H, Liu Z, Rummeli MH. Applications of 2D MXenes in energy conversion and storage systems. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:72-133. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00324f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 978] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of MXene materials and their energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Pang
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)
- University of Jinan
| | - Rafael G. Mendes
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
| | - Alicja Bachmatiuk
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
| | - Liang Zhao
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
- School of Energy
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Huy Q. Ta
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
- School of Energy
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Thomas Gemming
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
- School of Energy
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Mark H. Rummeli
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
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91
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Domingo N, Pach E, Cordero-Edwards K, Pérez-Dieste V, Escudero C, Verdaguer A. Water adsorption, dissociation and oxidation on SrTiO3 and ferroelectric surfaces revealed by ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4920-4930. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07632d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Unveiling surface adsorbates under atmospheric conditions and in surface water redox reactions on TiO2 terminated surfaces and ferroelectric oxides, as studied by AP-XPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Domingo
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)
- CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- 08193 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Elzbieta Pach
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)
- CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- 08193 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Kumara Cordero-Edwards
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)
- CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- 08193 Barcelona
- Spain
| | | | | | - Albert Verdaguer
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB-CSIC
- E-08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
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92
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Kondoh H, Toyoshima R, Shirahata N, Hoda A, Yoshida M, Amemiya K, Mase K, Mun BS. Element selective oxidation on Rh-Pd bimetallic alloy surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28419-28424. [PMID: 30403236 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05998e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between oxygen and Rh-Pd bimetallic alloy surfaces were investigated using surface sensitive experimental techniques and density functional theory calculations. The alloy surfaces were oxidized under 10-5 Torr and 100 mTorr oxygen upon heating above 250 °C. A thin Rh oxide layer was preferentially formed on a Rh1Pd9(100) surface, while a thin Pd oxide layer was formed on a Rh1Pd9(111) surface, though the Rh oxide is thermodynamically more stable irrespective of the surface orientation. Chemical analyses revealed that the initial Rh fraction for the (111) surface was significantly lower than that for the (100) surface, which suggests that the oxidized element on the surface is kinetically selected depending on the near surface initial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
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93
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Various spectroelectrochemical cells for in situ observation of electrochemical processes at solid–liquid interfaces. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-1067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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94
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Coupling Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy with Density Functional Theory to Study Complex Surface Chemistry and Catalysis. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-1062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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95
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Ren Y, Yuan K, Zhou X, Sun H, Wu K, Bernasek SL, Chen W, Xu GQ. Catalytic Intermediates of CO2
Hydrogenation on Cu(111) Probed by In Operando Near-Ambient Pressure Technique. Chemistry 2018; 24:16097-16103. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinjuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Kaidi Yuan
- Department of Physics; National University of Singapore; 2 Science Drive 3 117542 Singapore Singapore
| | - Xiong Zhou
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Haicheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Steven L. Bernasek
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Science Division; Yale-NUS College; 16 College Ave. West 138529 Singapore Singapore
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Department of Physics; National University of Singapore; 2 Science Drive 3 117542 Singapore Singapore
| | - Guo Qin Xu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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96
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Wu JF, Ramanathan A, Biancardi A, Jystad AM, Caricato M, Hu Y, Subramaniam B. Correlation of Active Site Precursors and Olefin Metathesis Activity in W-Incorporated Silicates. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Alessandro Biancardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Amy Marie Jystad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Marco Caricato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Yongfeng Hu
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Bala Subramaniam
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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97
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Qian Y, Deng GH, Rao Y. In Situ Chemical Analysis of the Gas-Aerosol Particle Interface. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10967-10973. [PMID: 30111093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The gas-aerosol particle interface is believed to contribute to the growth of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Despite its importance, the chemical composition of the interface has not been probed directly because of a lack of suitable interface-specific analytical techniques. The preliminary result in our early work has demonstrated direct observations of molecules at the gas-aerosol particle interface with the development of second harmonic scattering (SHS). However, the SHS technique is far away from being an analytical tool of chemical compositions at the gas-aerosol particle interface. In this work, we continued to develop the interface-specific SHS for in situ chemical analysis of molecules at the gas-aerosol particle interface. As an example, we demonstrated coherent SHS signal of a new SHS probe, crystal violet (CV), from interfaces of aerosol particles. The development of the SHS technique includes: (1) Optimization for a more efficient femtosecond laser system in the generation of SHS from aerosol particles. A near 5 MHz repetition rate of a femtosecond laser was found to be optimal for the generation of SHS; (2) exploration of a more effective detector for SHS of aerosol particles. We found that both a CCD detector and a single-photon counter produce similar signal-to-noise ratios of the interfacial SHS signals from aerosol particles. The CCD detector is a more effective option for the detection of SHS and could greatly reduce sampling time of the interfacial responses; (3) combination of the optimal laser system with the CCD detector, which has greatly improved the detection sensitivity of interfacial molecules by more than 2 orders of magnitude and could potentially detect interfacial SHS from a single aerosol particle. These experimental results not only provided a thorough analysis of the SHS technique but also built a solid foundation for further development of a new vibrational sum frequency scattering (SFS) technique for chemical structures at the gas-aerosol particle interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322 , United States
| | - Gang-Hua Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322 , United States
| | - Yi Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322 , United States
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98
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99
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Yamamoto S, Takeuchi K, Hamamoto Y, Liu RY, Shiozawa Y, Koitaya T, Someya T, Tashima K, Fukidome H, Mukai K, Yoshimoto S, Suemitsu M, Morikawa Y, Yoshinobu J, Matsuda I. Enhancement of CO 2 adsorption on oxygen-functionalized epitaxial graphene surface under near-ambient conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19532-19538. [PMID: 29999069 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03251c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of graphene is important in practical applications of graphene, such as in catalysts. However, the experimental study of the interactions of adsorbed molecules with functionalized graphene is difficult under ambient conditions at which catalysts are operated. Here, the adsorption of CO2 on an oxygen-functionalized epitaxial graphene surface was studied under near-ambient conditions using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS). The oxygen-functionalization of graphene is achieved in situ by the photo-induced dissociation of CO2 with X-rays on graphene in a CO2 gas atmosphere. The oxygen species on the graphene surface is identified as the epoxy group by XPS binding energies and thermal stability. Under near-ambient conditions of 1.6 mbar CO2 gas pressure and 175 K sample temperature, CO2 molecules are not adsorbed on the pristine graphene, but are adsorbed on the oxygen-functionalized graphene surface. The increase in the adsorption energy of CO2 on the oxygen-functionalized graphene surface is supported by first-principles calculations with the van der Waals density functional (vdW-DF) method. The adsorption of CO2 on the oxygen-functionalized graphene surface is enhanced by both the electrostatic interactions between the CO2 and the epoxy group and the vdW interactions between the CO2 and graphene. The detailed understanding of the interaction between CO2 and the oxygen-functionalized graphene surface obtained in this study may assist in developing guidelines for designing novel graphene-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Yamamoto
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.
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100
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Carenco S, Bonifacio CS, Yang JC. Ensemble versus Local Restructuring of Core‐shell Nickel–Cobalt Nanoparticles upon Oxidation and Reduction Cycles. Chemistry 2018; 24:12037-12043. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Carenco
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris 4 Place Jussieu 75252 Paris France
| | - Cecile S. Bonifacio
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Pittsburgh 4200 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
- E.A. Fischione Instruments Inc. 9003 Corporate Circle Export PA 15632 USA
| | - Judith C. Yang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Pittsburgh 4200 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
- Department of Physics University of Pittsburgh 4200 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
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