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Awakawa T. Enzymatic reactions in teleocidin B biosynthesis. J Nat Med 2021; 75:467-474. [PMID: 33675456 PMCID: PMC8159823 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The teleocidin B family members are terpene indole compounds isolated from Streptomyces bacteria, and they strongly activate protein kinase C (PKC). Their unique structures have attracted many researchers in the natural product chemistry and pharmacology fields, and numerous isolation and bioactivity studies have been conducted. The accumulated information has facilitated the identification of the enzymatic reactions in teleocidin biosynthesis, and new developments in structural biology have strongly aided efforts to clarify the finer points of these reactions. This review describes the recent biochemical and structural biological studies to reveal their reaction mechanisms, with a primary focus on the terpene cyclization triggered by the C-N bond formation by P450 oxygenase (TleB), the prenyltransferase (TleC), and the methyltransferase (TleD). This new knowledge will benefit future engineering studies to create unnatural PKC activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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Moosmann P, Taniguchi T, Furihata K, Utsumi H, Ise Y, Morii Y, Yamawaki N, Takatani T, Arakawa O, Okada S, Matsunaga S. Myrindole A, an Antimicrobial Bis-indole from a Marine Sponge Myrmekioderma sp. Org Lett 2021; 23:3477-3480. [PMID: 33885313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Myrindole A, a bis-indole alkaloid, was isolated from the deep-sea sponge Myrmekioderma sp. The high degree of unsaturation of the molecule complicated the assignment of its structure by standard 2D-NMR experiments but was ultimately achieved by a combination of 1H-15N-HMBC and 1,n-ADEQUATE experiments as well as the comparison of measured and calculated CD spectra. Myrindole A showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Moosmann
- Laboratory of Aquatic Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tohru Taniguchi
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kazuo Furihata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Utsumi
- JEOL RESONANCE, Inc., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
| | - Yuji Ise
- Sesoko Station, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morii
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yamawaki
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takatani
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Osamu Arakawa
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Shigeru Okada
- Laboratory of Aquatic Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Aquatic Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Biologically active secondary metabolites and biotechnological applications of species of the family Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales): an updated review from 2016 to 2021. Mycol Prog 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Harken L, Li SM. Modifications of diketopiperazines assembled by cyclodipeptide synthases with cytochrome P 450 enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2277-2285. [PMID: 33625545 PMCID: PMC7954767 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
2,5-Diketopiperazines are the smallest cyclic peptides comprising two amino acids connected via two peptide bonds. They can be biosynthesized in nature by two different enzyme families, either by nonribosomal peptide synthetases or by cyclodipeptide synthases. Due to the stable scaffold of the diketopiperazine ring, they can serve as precursors for further modifications by different tailoring enzymes, such as methyltransferases, prenyltransferases, oxidoreductases like cyclodipeptide oxidases, 2-oxoglutarate-dependent monooxygenases and cytochrome P450 enzymes, leading to the formation of intriguing secondary metabolites. Among them, cyclodipeptide synthase-associated P450s attracted recently significant attention, since they are able to catalyse a broader variety of astonishing reactions than just oxidation by insertion of an oxygen. The P450-catalysed reactions include hydroxylation at a tertiary carbon, aromatisation of the diketopiperazine ring, intramolecular and intermolecular carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bond formation of cyclodipeptides and nucleobase transfer reactions. Elucidation of the crystal structures of three P450s as cyclodipeptide dimerases provides a structural basis for understanding the reaction mechanism and generating new enzymes by protein engineering. This review summarises recent publications on cyclodipeptide modifications by P450s.Key Points• Intriguing reactions catalysed by cyclodipeptide synthase-associated cytochrome P450s• Homo- and heterodimerisation of diketopiperazines• Coupling of guanine and hypoxanthine with diketopiperazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauritz Harken
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
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Organophotocatalytic dearomatization of indoles, pyrroles and benzo(thio)furans via a Giese-type transformation. Commun Chem 2021; 4:20. [PMID: 36697532 PMCID: PMC9814947 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Accessing fascinating organic and biological significant indolines via dearomatization of indoles represents one of the most efficient approaches. However, it has been difficult for the dearomatization of the electron deficient indoles. Here we report the studies leading to developing a photoredox mediated Giese-type transformation strategy for the dearomatization of the indoles. The reaction has been implemented for chemoselectively breaking indolyl C=C bonds embedded in the aromatic system. The synthetic power of this strategy has been demonstrated by using structurally diverse indoles bearing common electron-withdrawing groups including (thio)ester, amide, ketone, nitrile and even aromatics at either C2 or C3 positions and ubiquitous carboxylic acids as radical coupling partner with high trans-stereoselectivity (>20:1 dr). This manifold can also be applied to other aromatic heterocycles including pyrroles, benzofurans and benzothiophenes. Furthermore, enantioselective dearomatization of indoles has been achieved by a chiral camphorsultam auxiliary with high diastereoselectivity.
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Bhattarai K, Bhattarai K, Kabir ME, Bastola R, Baral B. Fungal natural products galaxy: Biochemistry and molecular genetics toward blockbuster drugs discovery. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 107:193-284. [PMID: 33641747 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites synthesized by fungi have become a precious source of inspiration for the design of novel drugs. Indeed, fungi are prolific producers of fascinating, diverse, structurally complex, and low-molecular-mass natural products with high therapeutic leads, such as novel antimicrobial compounds, anticancer compounds, immunosuppressive agents, among others. Given that these microorganisms possess the extraordinary capacity to secrete diverse chemical scaffolds, they have been highly exploited by the giant pharma companies to generate small molecules. This has been made possible because the isolation of metabolites from fungal natural sources is feasible and surpasses the organic synthesis of compounds, which otherwise remains a significant bottleneck in the drug discovery process. Here in this comprehensive review, we have discussed recent studies on different fungi (pathogenic, non-pathogenic, commensal, and endophytic/symbiotic) from different habitats (terrestrial and marines), the specialized metabolites they biosynthesize, and the drugs derived from these specialized metabolites. Moreover, we have unveiled the logic behind the biosynthesis of vital chemical scaffolds, such as NRPS, PKS, PKS-NRPS hybrid, RiPPS, terpenoids, indole alkaloids, and their genetic mechanisms. Besides, we have provided a glimpse of the concept behind mycotoxins, virulence factor, and host immune response based on fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab Bhattarai
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Keshab Bhattarai
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Md Ehsanul Kabir
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rina Bastola
- Spinal Cord Injury Association-Nepal (SCIAN), Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Bikash Baral
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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58
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Nies J, Li SM. Prenylation and Dehydrogenation of a C2-Reversely Prenylated Diketopiperazine as a Branching Point in the Biosynthesis of Echinulin Family Alkaloids in Aspergillus ruber. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:185-192. [PMID: 33381959 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The echinulin family alkaloids can be grouped into three series depending on the number of the exo double bonds adjacent to the diketopiperazine core structure. Heterologous expression of the putative echinulin biosynthetic gene cluster from Aspergillus ruber in Aspergillus nidulans led to accumulation of echinulin without a double bond and neoechinulin A with one double bond (Δ10) as major products. Their analogues with a different number of prenyl moieties were detected as minor products. Neoechinulin B and analogues with two double bonds (Δ10,14) were not observed. Feeding experiments confirmed that the cytochrome P450 enzyme EchP450 only catalyzes the formation of the double bond between C10 and C11. Coincubation and substrate concentration dependent assays with the prenyltransferase EchPT2 revealed that the reversely C2-prenylated preechinulin without a double bond is a much better substrate than neoechinulin A. These results prove that preechinulin serves as a common substrate for the formation of echinulin by two regiospecific prenylation steps with EchPT2 or for EchP450 to introduce one double bond and subsequent prenylations with low regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Nies
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
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59
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Zhang H, Wang H, Jiang Y, Cao F, Gao W, Zhu L, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Chen J, Feng Y, Deng X, Lu Y, Hu X, Li X, Zhang J, Shi T, Wang Z. Recent Advances in Iodine-Promoted C-S/N-S Bonds Formation. Chemistry 2020; 26:17289-17317. [PMID: 32470225 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing scaffold, as a ubiquitous structural motif, has been frequently used in natural products, bioactive chemicals and pharmaceuticals, particularly C-S/N-S bonds are indispensable in many biological important compounds and pharmaceuticals. Development of mild and general methods for C-S/N-S bonds formation has great significance in modern research. Iodine and its derivatives have been recognized as inexpensive, environmentally benign and easy-handled catalysts or reagents to promote the construction of C-S/N-S bonds under mild reaction conditions, with good regioselectivities and broad substrate scope. Especially based on this, several new strategies, such as oxidation relay strategy, have been greatly developed and accelerated the advancement of this field. This review focuses on recent advances in iodine and its derivatives promoted hybridized C-S/N-S bonds formation. The features and mechanisms of corresponding reactions are summarized and the results of some cases are compared with those of previous reports. In addition, the future of this domain is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Fei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Longqing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yiyue Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yingmei Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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60
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Alberti F, Kaleem S, Weaver JA. Recent developments of tools for genome and metabolome studies in basidiomycete fungi and their application to natural product research. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio056010. [PMID: 33268478 PMCID: PMC7725599 DOI: 10.1242/bio.056010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Basidiomycota are a large and diverse phylum of fungi. They can make bioactive metabolites that are used or have inspired the synthesis of antibiotics and agrochemicals. Terpenoids are the most abundant class of natural products encountered in this taxon. Other natural product classes have been described, including polyketides, peptides, and indole alkaloids. The discovery and study of natural products made by basidiomycete fungi has so far been hampered by several factors, which include their slow growth and complex genome architecture. Recent developments of tools for genome and metabolome studies are allowing researchers to more easily tackle the secondary metabolome of basidiomycete fungi. Inexpensive long-read whole-genome sequencing enables the assembly of high-quality genomes, improving the scaffold upon which natural product gene clusters can be predicted. CRISPR/Cas9-based engineering of basidiomycete fungi has been described and will have an important role in linking natural products to their genetic determinants. Platforms for the heterologous expression of basidiomycete genes and gene clusters have been developed, enabling natural product biosynthesis studies. Molecular network analyses and publicly available natural product databases facilitate data dereplication and natural product characterisation. These technological advances combined are prompting a revived interest in natural product discovery from basidiomycete fungi.This article has an associated Future Leader to Watch interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Alberti
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Saraa Kaleem
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jack A Weaver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Guo YW, Liu XJ, Yuan J, Li HJ, Mahmud T, Hong MJ, Yu JC, Lan WJ. l-Tryptophan Induces a Marine-Derived Fusarium sp. to Produce Indole Alkaloids with Activity against the Zika Virus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3372-3380. [PMID: 33180497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of l-tryptophan supplementation on secondary metabolite production in the marine-derived fungus Fusarium sp. L1 were investigated by culturing the fungus in GPY medium with and without the amino acid. HPLC analysis of the products showed distinct metabolite profiles between the two cultures. The 1H NMR spectrum of the EtOAc extract of the culture supplemented with l-tryptophan displayed a series of characteristic aromatic proton signals (δH 6.50-8.50) and NH signals (δH 10.50-11.50) that were not observed in those from cultures not supplemented with l-tryptophan. Subsequently, 23 distinct indole alkaloids, including six new compounds, fusaindoterpenes A and B (1 and 2), fusariumindoles A-C (3-5), and (±)-isoalternatine A (6), together with 17 known compounds, were obtained from this culture. Fusaindoterpene A (1) contains a 6/9/6/6/5 heterocyclic system. Their chemical structures were determined by analysis of HRMS, NMR spectroscopy, optical rotation calculation, ECD calculation, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 2, 9, and 15 displayed inhibitory activity against the Zika virus (ZIKV) in a standard plaque assay with EC50 values of 7.5, 4.2, and 5.0 μM, respectively, while not showing significant cell cytotoxicity against the A549 adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wei Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hou-Jin Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Taifo Mahmud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ming-Jun Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chen Yu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jian Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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62
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Almeida MC, Resende DISP, da Costa PM, Pinto MMM, Sousa E. Tryptophan derived natural marine alkaloids and synthetic derivatives as promising antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112945. [PMID: 33153766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a major threat to public health worldwide, as pathogenic microorganisms are finding ways to evade all known antimicrobials. Therefore, the demand for new and effective antimicrobial agents is also increasing. Natural products have always played an important role in drug discovery, either by themselves or as inspiration for synthetic compounds. The marine environment is a rich source of bioactive metabolites, and among them, tryptophan-derived alkaloids stand out for their abundance and by displaying a variety of biological activities, with antimicrobial properties being among the most significant. This review aims to reveal the potential of marine alkaloids derived from tryptophan as antimicrobial agents. Relevant examples of these compounds and their synthetic analogues reported in the last decades are presented and discussed in detail, with their mechanism of action and synthetic approaches whenever relevant. Several tryptophan-derived marine alkaloids have shown potent and promising antimicrobial activities, whether against bacteria, fungi, or virus. Synthetic approaches to many of the compounds have been developed and recent methodologies are proving to be efficient. Even though most of the studies regarding the antimicrobial activity are still preliminary, this class of compounds has proven to be worth of further investigation and may provide useful lead compounds for the development of antimicrobial agents. Overall, marine alkaloids derived from tryptophan are revealed as a valuable class of antimicrobials and molecular modifications in order to reduce the toxicity of these compounds and additional studies regarding their mechanism of action are interesting topics to explore in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Almeida
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Diana I S P Resende
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Paulo M da Costa
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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63
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Duan S, Zhang W, Hu Y, Xu Z, Li C. Synthesis of Cyclopenta[
b
]indoles via a Formal [3+2] Cyclization of
N
‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengguo Duan
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech University Xiasha West Higher Education District Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech University Xiasha West Higher Education District Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntong Hu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech University Xiasha West Higher Education District Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Ze‐Feng Xu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech University Xiasha West Higher Education District Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan‐Ying Li
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech University Xiasha West Higher Education District Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
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64
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Vchislo NV, Verochkina EA. Recent Advances in Total Synthesis of Alkaloids from α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Vchislo
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of ChemistrySiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky Str., 1 Irkutsk 664033 Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Verochkina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of ChemistrySiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky Str., 1 Irkutsk 664033 Russia
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65
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Liu R, Zhang H, Wu W, Li H, An Z, Zhou F. C7-Prenylation of Tryptophan-Containing Cyclic Dipeptides by 7-Dimethylallyl Tryptophan Synthase Significantly Increases the Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities. Molecules 2020; 25:E3676. [PMID: 32806659 PMCID: PMC7463755 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenylated natural products have interesting pharmacological properties and prenylation reactions play crucial roles in controlling the activities of biomolecules. They are difficult to synthesize chemically, but enzymatic synthesis production is a desirable pathway. Cyclic dipeptide prenyltransferase catalyzes the regioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of tryptophan-containing cyclic dipeptides. This class of enzymes, which belongs to the dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase superfamily, is known to be flexible to aromatic prenyl receptors, while mostly retaining its typical regioselectivity. In this study, seven tryptophan-containing cyclic dipeptides 1a-7a were converted to their C7-regularly prenylated derivatives 1b-7b in the presence of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) by using the purified 7-dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase (7-DMATS) as catalyst. The HPLC analysis of the incubation mixture and the NMR analysis of the separated products showed that the stereochemical structure of the substrate had a great influence on their acceptance by 7-DMATS. Determination of the kinetic parameters proved that cyclo-l-Trp-Gly (1a) consisting of a tryptophanyl and glycine was accepted as the best substrate with a KM value of 169.7 μM and a turnover number of 0.1307 s-1. Furthermore, docking studies simulated the prenyl transfer reaction of 7-DMATS and it could be concluded that the highest affinity between 7-DMATS and 1a. Preliminary results have been clearly shown that prenylation at C7 led to a significant increase of the anticancer and antimicrobial activities of the prenylated derivatives 1b-7b in all the activity test experiment, especially the prenylated product 4b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; (R.L.); (H.L.)
- Applied Biotechnology Institute, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; (W.W.); (Z.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Hongchi Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; (R.L.); (H.L.)
- Applied Biotechnology Institute, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; (W.W.); (Z.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Weiqiang Wu
- Applied Biotechnology Institute, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; (W.W.); (Z.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Hui Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; (R.L.); (H.L.)
- Applied Biotechnology Institute, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; (W.W.); (Z.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Zhipeng An
- Applied Biotechnology Institute, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; (W.W.); (Z.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Feng Zhou
- Applied Biotechnology Institute, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; (W.W.); (Z.A.); (F.Z.)
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Abstract
Quinolone-containing natural products are widely found in bacteria, fungi, and plants. The fungal quinolactacins, which are N-methyl-4-quinolones, display a wide spectrum of biological activities. Here we uncovered a concise nonribosomal peptide synthetase pathway involved in quinolactacin A biosynthesis from Penicillium by using heterologous reconstitution and in vitro enzymatic synthesis. The N-desmethyl analog of quinolactacin A was accessed through the construction of a hybrid bacterial and fungi pathway in the heterologous host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Masao Ohashi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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67
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Cruz JS, da Silva CA, Hamerski L. Natural Products from Endophytic Fungi Associated with Rubiaceae Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E128. [PMID: 32784526 PMCID: PMC7558492 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents the chemical diversity and pharmacological properties of secondary metabolites produced by endophytic fungi associated with various genera of Rubiaceae. Several classes of natural products are described for these endophytes, although, this study highlights the importance of some metabolites, which are involved in antifungal, antibacterial, anti-protozoal activities; neurodegenerative diseases; cytotoxic activity; anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity; and hyperglycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Santos Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil;
| | - Carla Amaral da Silva
- Walter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Lidilhone Hamerski
- Walter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
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68
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Calla-Quispe E, Fuentes-Rivera HL, Ramírez P, Martel C, Ibañez AJ. Mass Spectrometry: A Rosetta Stone to Learn How Fungi Interact and Talk. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E89. [PMID: 32575729 PMCID: PMC7345136 DOI: 10.3390/life10060089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are a highly diverse group of heterotrophic organisms that play an important role in diverse ecological interactions, many of which are chemically mediated. Fungi have a very versatile metabolism, which allows them to synthesize a large number of still little-known chemical compounds, such as soluble compounds that are secreted into the medium and volatile compounds that are chemical mediators over short and long distances. Mass spectrometry (MS) is currently playing a dominant role in mycological studies, mainly due to its inherent sensitivity and rapid identification capabilities of different metabolites. Furthermore, MS has also been used as a reliable and accurate tool for fungi identification (i.e., biotyping). Here, we introduce the readers about fungal specialized metabolites, their role in ecological interactions and provide an overview on the MS-based techniques used in fungal studies. We particularly present the importance of sampling techniques, strategies to reduce false-positive identification and new MS-based analytical strategies that can be used in mycological studies, further expanding the use of MS in broader applications. Therefore, we foresee a bright future for mass spectrometry-based research in the field of mycology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calla-Quispe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada (ICOBA), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Lima, Peru; (E.C.-Q.); (H.L.F.-R.); (C.M.)
| | - Hammerly Lino Fuentes-Rivera
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada (ICOBA), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Lima, Peru; (E.C.-Q.); (H.L.F.-R.); (C.M.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Germán Amézaga 375, Lima 15081, Peru;
| | - Pablo Ramírez
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Germán Amézaga 375, Lima 15081, Peru;
| | - Carlos Martel
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada (ICOBA), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Lima, Peru; (E.C.-Q.); (H.L.F.-R.); (C.M.)
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María 15072, Lima, Peru
| | - Alfredo J. Ibañez
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada (ICOBA), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Lima, Peru; (E.C.-Q.); (H.L.F.-R.); (C.M.)
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Willems T, De Mol ML, De Bruycker A, De Maeseneire SL, Soetaert WK. Alkaloids from Marine Fungi: Promising Antimicrobials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060340. [PMID: 32570899 PMCID: PMC7345139 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance of pathogenic microorganisms against antimicrobials is a major threat to contemporary human society. It necessitates a perpetual influx of novel antimicrobial compounds. More specifically, Gram− pathogens emerged as the most exigent danger. In our continuing quest to search for novel antimicrobial molecules, alkaloids from marine fungi show great promise. However, current reports of such newly discovered alkaloids are often limited to cytotoxicity studies and, moreover, neglect to discuss the enigma of their biosynthesis. Yet, the latter is often a prerequisite to make them available through sufficiently efficient processes. This review aims to summarize novel alkaloids with promising antimicrobial properties discovered in the past five years and produced by marine fungi. Several discovery strategies are summarized, and knowledge gaps in biochemical production routes are identified. Finally, links between the structure of the newly discovered molecules and their activity are proposed. Since 2015, a total of 35 new antimicrobial alkaloids from marine fungi were identified, of which 22 showed an antibacterial activity against Gram− microorganisms. Eight of them can be classified as narrow-spectrum Gram− antibiotics. Despite this promising ratio of novel alkaloids active against Gram− microorganisms, the number of newly discovered antimicrobial alkaloids is low, due to the narrow spectrum of discovery protocols that are used and the fact that antimicrobial properties of newly discovered alkaloids are barely characterized. Alternatives are proposed in this review. In conclusion, this review summarizes novel findings on antimicrobial alkaloids from marine fungi, shows their potential as promising therapeutic candidates, and hints on how to further improve this potential.
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70
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Chehardoli G, Bahmani A. Synthetic strategies, SAR studies, and computer modeling of indole 2 and 3-carboxamides as the strong enzyme inhibitors: a review. Mol Divers 2020; 25:535-550. [PMID: 32394235 PMCID: PMC7214098 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Indole derivatives have been the focus of many researchers in the study of pharmaceutical compounds for many years. Researchers have investigated the effect of carboxamide moiety at positions 2 and 3, giving unique inhibitory properties to these compounds. The presence of carboxamide moiety in indole derivatives causes hydrogen bonds with a variety of enzymes and proteins, which in many cases, inhibits their activity. In this review, synthetic strategies of indole 2 and 3-carboxamide derivatives, the type, and mode of interaction of these derivatives against HLGP, HIV-1, renin enzyme, and structure–activity studies of these compounds were investigated. It is hoped that indole scaffolds will be tested in the future for maximum activity in pharmacological compounds. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamabbas Chehardoli
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Asrin Bahmani
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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71
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Shao L, Wu P, Xu L, Xue J, Li H, Wei X. Colletotryptins A–F, new dimeric tryptophol derivatives from the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum sp. SC1355. Fitoterapia 2020; 141:104465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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72
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Calcaterra A, Mangiardi L, Delle Monache G, Quaglio D, Balducci S, Berardozzi S, Iazzetti A, Franzini R, Botta B, Ghirga F. The Pictet-Spengler Reaction Updates Its Habits. Molecules 2020; 25:E414. [PMID: 31963860 PMCID: PMC7024544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pictet-Spengler reaction (P-S) is one of the most direct, efficient, and variable synthetic method for the construction of privileged pharmacophores such as tetrahydro-isoquinolines (THIQs), tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THBCs), and polyheterocyclic frameworks. In the lustro (five-year period) following its centenary birthday, the P-S reaction did not exit the stage but it came up again on limelight with new features. This review focuses on the interesting results achieved in this period (2011-2015), analyzing the versatility of this reaction. Classic P-S was reported in the total synthesis of complex alkaloids, in combination with chiral catalysts as well as for the generation of libraries of compounds in medicinal chemistry. The P-S has been used also in tandem reactions, with the sequences including ring closing metathesis, isomerization, Michael addition, and Gold- or Brønsted acid-catalyzed N-acyliminium cyclization. Moreover, the combination of P-S reaction with Ugi multicomponent reaction has been exploited for the construction of highly complex polycyclic architectures in few steps and high yields. The P-S reaction has also been successfully employed in solid-phase synthesis, affording products with different structures, including peptidomimetics, synthetic heterocycles, and natural compounds. Finally, the enzymatic version of P-S has been reported for biosynthesis, biotransformations, and bioconjugations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Laura Mangiardi
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuliano Delle Monache
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Silvia Balducci
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Simone Berardozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Iazzetti
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Roberta Franzini
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.D.M.); (D.Q.); (S.B.); (A.I.); (R.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Chen M, Zang W, Wei Y, Shi M. A highly efficient method for the construction of cyclopropane-containing dihydroindole derivatives from indolemethylenecyclopropanes with DIAD and DEAD. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:333-336. [PMID: 31845702 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02520k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient method for the construction of cyclopropane-containing dihydroindole derivatives from indolemethylenecyclopropanes with DIAD and DEAD has been disclosed. The transformation could occur under catalyst-free conditions at ambient temperature to afford dihyroindole derivatives in good yields. It has been proved that the strained moiety of methylenecyclopropane in the substrate of indolemethylenecyclopropane is critical and DFT calculations reveal that the reaction proceeds through a two-step pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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74
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Duan K, Shi H, Wang LX, Li SS, Xu L, Xiao J. Hydride transfer enabled switchable dearomatization of indoles in the carbocyclic ring and the pyrrole ring. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00658k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydride transfer enabled the first success of the regioselective dearomatization of indoles in the carbocyclic ring and the pyrrole ring, which was induced by ortho-quinone methides and vinylogous iminium intermediates, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Duan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao 266109
- China
| | - Hongjin Shi
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao 266109
- China
| | - Lin-Xuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao 266109
- China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao 266109
- China
| | - Lubin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao 266109
- China
| | - Jian Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao 266109
- China
- School of Marine Science and Engineering
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75
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Yang XC, Liu JY, Liu Z, Hu XQ, Xu PF. Quaternary Carbon Center Forming [3 + 2] Cyclization Reaction by Adjusting the Substituents of Substrates. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13871-13880. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xie-Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
- College of Materials and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610051, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Qin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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Kartsev V, Geronikaki A, Petrou A, Lichitsky B, Kostic M, Smiljkovic M, Soković M, Sirakanyan S. Griseofulvin Derivatives: Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Biological Evaluation. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1145-1161. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190523080136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Griseofulvin - a mold metabolite produced by Penisilium griseofulvum is known as an antifungal drug.Objective:Thus, the goal of this paper is the design and synthesis of new griseofulvin derivatives and evaluation of their antifungal activity.Methods:Forty-two new compounds were synthesized using classical methods of organic synthesis and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity by microdilution method.Results:All forty-two new compounds exhibited very good activity against eight tested micromycetes with MIC ranging from 0.0075-0.055 mg/ml and MFC from 0.02-024 mg/ml. All compounds exhibited better activity than reference drugs ketoconazole (7-42 times) and bifonazole (3-16 fold). The most promising was compound 15. The most sensitive fungal was found to be T. viride, while the most resistant, as was expected, was A. fumigatus. It should be mentioned that most of compounds exhibited better activity than griseofulvin.:The molecular docking studies revealed that the most active compound have the same hydrophobic and H-bonding interactions with Thr276 residue observed for griseofulvin forming 3 hydrogen bonds while griseofulvin only one. In general, the molecular docking results coincide with experimental.Conclusion:Forty-two giseofulvin derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. These derivatives revealed good antifungal activity, better than reference drugs ketoconazole, bifonazole, and griseofulvin as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Boris Lichitsky
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Kostic
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Smiljkovic
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Samvel Sirakanyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Republic of Armenia, Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of A.L. Mnjoyan, Armenia 0014, Yerevan, Ave. Azatutyan 26, Armenia
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77
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Yu H, Li SM. Two Cytochrome P450 Enzymes from Streptomyces sp. NRRL S-1868 Catalyze Distinct Dimerization of Tryptophan-Containing Cyclodipeptides. Org Lett 2019; 21:7094-7098. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huili Yu
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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78
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Eguchi R, Ono N, Hirai Morita A, Katsuragi T, Nakamura S, Huang M, Altaf-Ul-Amin M, Kanaya S. Classification of alkaloids according to the starting substances of their biosynthetic pathways using graph convolutional neural networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:380. [PMID: 31288752 PMCID: PMC6617615 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaloids, a class of organic compounds that contain nitrogen bases, are mainly synthesized as secondary metabolites in plants and fungi, and they have a wide range of bioactivities. Although there are thousands of compounds in this class, few of their biosynthesis pathways are fully identified. In this study, we constructed a model to predict their precursors based on a novel kind of neural network called the molecular graph convolutional neural network. Molecular similarity is a crucial metric in the analysis of qualitative structure-activity relationships. However, it is sometimes difficult for current fingerprint representations to emphasize specific features for the target problems efficiently. It is advantageous to allow the model to select the appropriate features according to data-driven decisions for extracting more useful information, which influences a classification or regression problem substantially. RESULTS In this study, we applied a neural network architecture for undirected graph representation of molecules. By encoding a molecule as an abstract graph and applying "convolution" on the graph and training the weight of the neural network framework, the neural network can optimize feature selection for the training problem. By incorporating the effects from adjacent atoms recursively, graph convolutional neural networks can extract the features of latent atoms that represent chemical features of a molecule efficiently. In order to investigate alkaloid biosynthesis, we trained the network to distinguish the precursors of 566 alkaloids, which are almost all of the alkaloids whose biosynthesis pathways are known, and showed that the model could predict starting substances with an averaged accuracy of 97.5%. CONCLUSION We have showed that our model can predict more accurately compared to the random forest and general neural network when the variables and fingerprints are not selected, while the performance is comparable when we carefully select 507 variables from 18000 dimensions of descriptors. The prediction of pathways contributes to understanding of alkaloid synthesis mechanisms and the application of graph based neural network models to similar problems in bioinformatics would therefore be beneficial. We applied our model to evaluate the precursors of biosynthesis of 12000 alkaloids found in various organisms and found power-low-like distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Eguchi
- Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoaki Ono
- Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan. .,Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Aki Hirai Morita
- Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Katsuragi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ming Huang
- Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Md Altaf-Ul-Amin
- Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Kanaya
- Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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79
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Liu J, Xie X, Li SM. Guanitrypmycin Biosynthetic Pathways Imply Cytochrome P450 Mediated Regio- and Stereospecific Guaninyl-Transfer Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11534-11540. [PMID: 31206992 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mining microbial genomes including those of Streptomyces reveals the presence of a large number of biosynthetic gene clusters. Unraveling this genetic potential has proved to be a useful approach for novel compound discovery. Here, we report the heterologous expression of two similar P450-associated cyclodipeptide synthase-containing gene clusters in Streptomyces coelicolor and identification of eight rare and novel natural products, the C3-guaninyl indole alkaloids guanitrypmycins. Expression of different gene combinations proved that the cyclodipeptide synthases assemble cyclo-l-Trp-l-Phe and cyclo-l-Trp-l-Tyr, which are consecutively and regiospecifically modified by cyclodipeptide oxidases, cytochrome P450 enzymes, and N-methyltransferases. In vivo and in vitro results proved that the P450 enzymes function as key biocatalysts and catalyze the regio- and stereospecific 3α-guaninylation at the indole ring of the tryptophanyl moiety. Isotope-exchange experiments provided evidence for the non-enzymatic epimerization of the biosynthetic pathway products via keto-enol tautomerism. This post-pathway modification during cultivation further increases the structural diversity of guanitrypmycins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
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80
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Liu J, Xie X, Li S. Guanitrypmycin Biosynthetic Pathways Imply Cytochrome P450 Mediated Regio‐ and Stereospecific Guaninyl‐Transfer Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und BiotechnologiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Robert-Koch Straße 4 35037 Marburg Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Shu‐Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und BiotechnologiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Robert-Koch Straße 4 35037 Marburg Germany
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81
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Ariantari NP, Ancheeva E, Wang C, Mándi A, Knedel TO, Kurtán T, Chaidir C, Müller WEG, Kassack MU, Janiak C, Daletos G, Proksch P. Indole Diterpenoids from an Endophytic Penicillium sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1412-1423. [PMID: 31117519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A chemical investigation of the endophyte Penicillium sp. (strain ZO-R1-1), isolated from roots of the medicinal plant Zingiber officinale, yielded nine new indole diterpenoids (1-9), together with 13 known congeners (10-22). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analysis in combination with HRESIMS data. The absolute configuration of the new natural products 1, 3, and 7 was determined using the TDDFT-ECD approach and confirmed for 1 by single-crystal X-ray determination through anomalous dispersion. The isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against L5178Y, A2780, J82, and HEK-293 cell lines. Compound 1 was the most active metabolite toward L5178Y cells, with an IC50 value of 3.6 μM, and an IC50 against A2780 cells of 8.7 μM. Interestingly, 1 features a new type of indole diterpenoid scaffold with a rare 6/5/6/6/6/6/5 heterocyclic system bearing an aromatic ring C, which is suggested to be important for the cytotoxic activity of this natural product against L5278Y and A2780 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni P Ariantari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences , Udayana University , 80361 Bali , Indonesia
| | - Elena Ancheeva
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Chenyin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , P.O.B. 400, 4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Tim-O Knedel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstraße 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , P.O.B. 400, 4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Chaidir Chaidir
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology , Agency for the Assessment and Application Technology , 10340 Jakarta , Indonesia
| | - Werner E G Müller
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry , Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , Duesbergweg 6 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Matthias U Kassack
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstraße 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Georgios Daletos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
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82
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Liu JY, Yang XC, Liu Z, Luo YC, Lu H, Gu YC, Fang R, Xu PF. An Atropo-enantioselective Synthesis of Benzo-Linked Axially Chiral Indoles via Hydrogen-Bond Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:5219-5224. [PMID: 31247740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A variety of axially chiral biaryldiols were synthesized in good yields with excellent atropo-enantioselectivities through construction of axially chiral indoles catalyzed by asymmetric hydrogen-bond donors. In addition, the new axially chiral compounds were proved to be efficient and practical catalysts for asymmetric catalysis. The strategy not only provides a novel method to synthesize axially chiral compounds but also extends the scope of chiral catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 . P. R. China
| | - Xie-Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 . P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 . P. R. China
| | - Yong-Chun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 . P. R. China
| | - Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre , Bracknell , Berkshire RG42 6EY , U.K
| | - Ran Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 . P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 . P. R. China
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83
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Dubois P, Correia I, Le Chevalier F, Dubois S, Jacques I, Canu N, Moutiez M, Thai R, Gondry M, Lequin O, Belin P. Reprogramming Escherichia coli for the production of prenylated indole diketopiperazine alkaloids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9208. [PMID: 31239480 PMCID: PMC6592928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenylated indole diketopiperazine (DKP) alkaloids are important bioactive molecules or their precursors. In the context of synthetic biology, efficient means for their biological production would increase their chemical diversification and the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Here, we prove the suitability of the Escherichia coli chassis for the production of prenylated indole DKP alkaloids. We used enzyme combinations not found in nature by co-expressing bacterial cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) that assemble the DKP ring and fungal prenyltransferases (PTs) that transfer the allylic moiety from the dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to the indole ring of tryptophanyl-containing cyclodipeptides. Of the 11 tested combinations, seven resulted in the production of eight different prenylated indole DKP alkaloids as determined by LC-MS/MS and NMR characterization. Two were previously undescribed. Engineering E. coli by introducing a hybrid mevalonate pathway for increasing intracellular DMAPP levels improved prenylated indole DKP alkaloid production. Purified product yields of 2–26 mg/L per culture were obtained from culture supernatants. Our study paves the way for the bioproduction of novel prenylated indole DKP alkaloids in a tractable chassis that can exploit the cyclodipeptide diversity achievable with CDPSs and the numerous described PT activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Dubois
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Correia
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Le Chevalier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | | | - Isabelle Jacques
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France.,Isabelle B. Jacques, APTEEUS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Canu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Mireille Moutiez
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Robert Thai
- SIMOPRO, CEA, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Muriel Gondry
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Pascal Belin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France.
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84
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Zhou Y, Li C, Yuan X, Zhang F, Liu X, Liu P. Cobalt-catalyzed C2α-acyloxylation of 2-substituted indoles with tert-butyl peresters. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3343-3347. [PMID: 30882836 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient cobalt-catalyzed C2α selective C(sp3)-H acyloxylation of 2-substituted indoles with tert-butyl peresters to synthesize diverse 2α-acyloxylated indole derivatives is described. This newly developed method exhibits mild conditions, low-cost catalyst, and high functional group compatibility. In addition, the effectiveness of this chemistry is illuminated by a late-stage modification of methylated indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhou
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.
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85
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Zheng L, Mai P, Fan A, Li SM. Switching a regular tryptophan C4-prenyltransferase to a reverse tryptophan-containing cyclic dipeptide C3-prenyltransferase by sequential site-directed mutagenesis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:6688-6694. [PMID: 30178787 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01735b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
FgaPT2 from Aspergillus fumigatus catalyzes a regular C4- and its mutant K174A a reverse C3-prenylation of l-tryptophan in the presence of dimethylallyl diphosphate. FgaPT2 also uses tryptophan-containing cyclic dipeptides for C4-prenylation, while FgaPT2_K174A showed almost no activity toward these substrates. In contrast, Arg244 mutants of FgaPT2 accept very well cyclic dipeptides for regular C4-prenylation. In this study, we demonstrate that FgaPT2_K174F, which catalyzes a regular C3-prenylation on tyrosine, can also use cyclo-l-Trp-l-Ala, cyclo-l-Trp-l-Trp, cyclo-l-Trp-Gly, cyclo-l-Trp-l-Phe, cyclo-l-Trp-l-Pro, and cyclo-l-Trp-l-Tyr as substrates, but only with low activity. Combinational mutation on Lys174 and Arg244 increases significantly the acceptance of these cyclic dipeptides. With the exception of cyclo-l-Trp-l-Trp, the tested dipeptides were much better accepted by FgaPT2_K174F_R244X (X = L, N, Q, Y) than FgaPT2, with an increase of two- to six-fold activity. In comparison to FgaPT2_K174F, even two- to ten-fold conversion yields were calculated for the double mutants. Isolation and structural elucidation of the enzyme products revealed stereospecific reverse C3-prenylation on the indole ring, resulting in the formation of syn-cis configured hexahydropyrroloindole derivatives. The results presented in this study highlight the convenience of site-directed mutagenesis for creating new biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujuan Zheng
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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86
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Lin L, Jiang N, Wu H, Mei Y, Yang J, Tan R. Cytotoxic and antibacterial polyketide-indole hybrids synthesized from indole-3-carbinol by Daldinia eschscholzii. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:369-380. [PMID: 30972283 PMCID: PMC6437554 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two skeletally undescribed polyketide-indole hybrids (PIHs), named indolchromins A and B, were generated from indole-3-carbinol (I3C) in the fungal culture (Daldinia eschscholzii). The indolchromin structures were elucidated mainly by their 1D and 2D NMR spectra with the former confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. Each indolchromin alkaloid was chirally separated into four isomers, whose absolute configurations were assigned by comparing the recorded circular dichroism (CD) spectra with the electronic CD (ECD) curves computed for all optional stereoisomers. Furthermore, the indolchromin construction pathways in fungal culture were clarified through enzyme inhibition, precursor feeding experiment, and energy calculation. The cascade reactions, including decarboxylative Claisen condensation catalyzed by 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase (AONS), C(sp3)-H activation, double bond migration, and Michael addition, all undergone compatibly during the fungal cultivation. In an MIC range of 1.3–8.6 μmol/L, (2S,4R)- and (2R,4S)-indolchromin A and (2R,4S)-indolchromin B are inhibitory against Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Veillonella sp., Bacteroides fragilis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. (2R,4S)-Indolchromin A and (2S,4S)-indolchromin B were cytotoxic against the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with IC50 values of 27.9 and 131.2 nmol/L, respectively, with the former additionally active against another human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 (IC50 94.4 nmol/L).
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87
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Qiao J, Jia X, Li P, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Wang J, Liu H, Zhao F. Gold‐catalyzed Rapid Construction of Nitrogen‐containing Heterocyclic Compound Library with Scaffold Diversity and Molecular Complexity. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qiao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Hua Guan Road Chengdu 610052 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Jia
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Hua Guan Road Chengdu 610052 People's Republic of China
| | - Pinyi Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Hua Guan Road Chengdu 610052 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Hua Guan Road Chengdu 610052 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Hua Guan Road Chengdu 610052 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Hua Guan Road Chengdu 610052 People's Republic of China
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88
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Ranjani G, Nagarajan R. Metal-Free C–H Functionalization and Aromatization Sequence for the Synthesis of 1-(Indol-3-yl)carbazoles and Total Synthesis of 7-Bromo-1-(6-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-9H-carbazole. Org Lett 2019; 21:675-678. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Ranjani
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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89
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He WX, Xing X, Yang ZJ, Yu Y, Wang N, Yu XQ. Biocatalytic One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Indoloquinolizines with High Diastereoselectivity. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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90
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Zhang GY, Peng Y, Xue J, Fan YH, Deng QH. Copper-catalyzed nitrene transfer/cyclization cascade to synthesize 3a-nitrogenous furoindolines and pyrroloindolines. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01124b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed nitrene transfer for amination/cyclization of tryptophols and tryptamines to generate the corresponding indole alkaloids in good to excellent yields was successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yi Zhang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Peng
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Xue
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hui Fan
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- P. R. China
| | - Qing-Hai Deng
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- P. R. China
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91
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Resende DISP, Boonpothong P, Sousa E, Kijjoa A, Pinto MMM. Chemistry of the fumiquinazolines and structurally related alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:7-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00043c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the isolation, structure elucidation, biological activities, biosynthetic pathways, and synthetic studies of the 77 fumiquinazolines and structurally related alkaloids described up to 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I. S. P. Resende
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4050-313 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Papichaya Boonpothong
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4050-313 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4050-313 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR)
- Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões
- Matosinhos
- Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar
| | - Madalena M. M. Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4050-313 Porto
- Portugal
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92
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Torrens-Spence MP, Liu CT, Pluskal T, Chung YK, Weng JK. Monoamine Biosynthesis via a Noncanonical Calcium-Activatable Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase in Psilocybin Mushroom. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3343-3353. [PMID: 30484626 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylases (AAADs) are a phylogenetically diverse group of enzymes responsible for the decarboxylation of aromatic amino acid substrates into their corresponding aromatic arylalkylamines. AAADs have been extensively studied in mammals and plants as they catalyze the first step in the production of neurotransmitters and bioactive phytochemicals, respectively. Unlike mammals and plants, the hallucinogenic psilocybin mushroom Psilocybe cubensis reportedly employs an unrelated phosphatidylserine-decarboxylase-like enzyme to catalyze l-tryptophan decarboxylation, the first step in psilocybin biosynthesis. To explore the origin of this chemistry in psilocybin mushroom, we generated the first de novo transcriptomes of P. cubensis and investigated several putative l-tryptophan-decarboxylase-like enzymes. We report the biochemical characterization of a noncanonical AAAD from P. cubensis ( PcncAAAD) that exhibits substrate permissiveness toward l-phenylalanine, l-tyrosine, and l-tryptophan, as well as chloro-tryptophan derivatives. The crystal structure of PcncAAAD revealed the presence of a unique C-terminal appendage domain featuring a novel double-β-barrel fold. This domain is required for PcncAAAD activity and regulates catalytic rate and thermal stability through calcium binding. PcncAAAD likely plays a role in psilocybin production in P. cubensis and offers a new tool for metabolic engineering of aromatic-amino-acid-derived natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun-Ting Liu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tomáš Pluskal
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yin Kwan Chung
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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93
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Henry MC, Senn HM, Sutherland A. Synthesis of Functionalized Indolines and Dihydrobenzofurans by Iron and Copper Catalyzed Aryl C-N and C-O Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2018; 84:346-364. [PMID: 30520304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple and effective one-pot, two-step intramolecular aryl C-N and C-O bond forming process for the preparation of a wide range of benzo-fused heterocyclic scaffolds using iron and copper catalysis is described. Activated aryl rings were subjected to a highly regioselective, iron(III) triflimide-catalyzed iodination, followed by a copper(I)-catalyzed intramolecular N- or O-arylation step leading to indolines, dihydrobenzofurans, and six-membered analogues. The general applicability and functional group tolerance of this method were exemplified by the total synthesis of the neolignan natural product, (+)-obtusafuran. DFT calculations using Fukui functions were also performed, providing a molecular orbital rationale for the highly regioselective arene iodination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn C Henry
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building , University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , United Kingdom
| | - Hans Martin Senn
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building , University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Sutherland
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building , University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , United Kingdom
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94
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Xu C, Xu J. Oxygenophilic Lewis Acid Promoted Synthesis of 2-Arylindoles from Anilines and Cyanoepoxides in Alcohol. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14733-14742. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuangchuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
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95
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Hill JE, Lefebvre Q, Fraser LA, Clayden J. Polycyclic Indoline Derivatives by Dearomatizing Anionic Cyclization of Indole and Tryptamine-Derived Ureas. Org Lett 2018; 20:5770-5773. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Hill
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Quentin Lefebvre
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Laura A. Fraser
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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96
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Imaging mass spectrometry-guided fast identification of antifungal secondary metabolites from Penicillium polonicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8493-8500. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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97
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Wang Z, Chen L, Yao Y, Liu Z, Gao JM, She X, Zheng H. Dearomatization of Indole via Intramolecular [3 + 2] Cycloaddition: Access to the Pentacyclic Skeleton of Strychons Alkaloids. Org Lett 2018; 20:4439-4443. [PMID: 30016108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method to build various multisubstituted polycyclic indoline-annulated normal to medium-size rings through dearomatization of indole via a tandem 1,2-acyloxy migration/intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition process is described. The pentacyclic skeleton of strychnine could be synthesized via this tandem cycloaddition and a further Mannich reaction. This approach would provide a novel strategy to the synthesis of strychons alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshen Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , 3 Taicheng Road , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Luxin Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , 3 Taicheng Road , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , 3 Taicheng Road , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , 3 Taicheng Road , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , 3 Taicheng Road , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , 222 South Tianshui Road , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Huaiji Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , 3 Taicheng Road , Yangling 712100 , China.,Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province , Yangling 712100 , China
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98
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Hallas-Møller M, Nielsen KF, Frisvad JC. Secondary metabolite production by cereal-associated penicillia during cultivation on cereal grains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8477-8491. [PMID: 29995241 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cereals are vulnerable substrates for fungal growth and subsequent mycotoxin contamination. One of the major fungal genera to colonize the ecosystem of stored grain is Penicillium, especially species in the series of Viridicata and Verrucosa. Culturing these species on grains, we hoped to induce the production of relevant secondary metabolites produced by these fungi in the early stage of cereal breakdown. In a multivariate setup six different cereal grains (wheat, rye, barley, oat, rice, and maize), one kind of white beans, and two standard fungal media, Yeast Extract Sucrose agar (YES agar) and Czapek Yeast Autolysate agar (CYA agar), were inoculated with the ten most important cereal-associated species from Penicillium (P. aurantiogriseum, P. cyclopium, P. freii, P. melanoconidium, P. neoechinulatum, P. polonicum, P. tricolor, P. viridicatum, P. hordei, and P. verrucosum). P. nordicum is a meat-associated species, which was included due to its chemical association with P. verrucosum, in addition to see if a substrate change would alter the profile of known chemistry. We found that cereals function very well as substrates for secondary metabolite production, but did not present significantly different secondary metabolite profiles, concerning known chemistry, as compared to standard laboratory agar media. However, white beans altered the semi-quantitative secondary metabolite profiles for several species. Correlations between substrates and certain metabolites were observed, as illuminated by principal component analysis. Many bioactive secondary metabolites were observed for the first time in the analyzed fungal species, including ergot type alkaloids in P. hordei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Hallas-Møller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristian Fog Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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99
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Ertugrul B, Kilic H, Lafzi F, Saracoglu N. Access to C5-Alkylated Indolines/Indoles via Michael-Type Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Using Aryl-Nitroolefins. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9018-9038. [PMID: 29916712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward synthetic route toward C5-alkylated indolines/indoles has been developed. The strategy is composed of Zn(OTf)2-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation of N-benzylindolines with nitroolefins, and a series of diverse indolines was first obtained in up to 99% yield. This reaction provides a direct and practical route to a variety of the C5-alkylated indolines which were also utilized for accessing corresponding indoles. Indoline derivatives with free NH groups could be obtained through an N-deprotection reaction. Moreover, the primary alkyl nitro groups in both indolines and indoles are amenable to further synthetic elaborations, thereby broadening the diversity of the products.
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100
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Wang L, Xiong D, Jie L, Yu C, Cui X. Rhodium-catalyzed oxidative homologation of N-pyrimidyl indolines with alkynes via dual C H activation: Facile synthesis of benzo[g]indolines. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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