51
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Bu X, Bai H. Recent Progress of Bio-inspired Camouflage Materials: From Visible to Infrared Range. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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52
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Zhou L, Fei J, Fang W, Shao L, Liu Q, He H, Ma M, Shi Y, Chen S, Wang X. A true color palette: binary metastable photonic pigments. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:890-898. [PMID: 35815919 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Different from the traditional concept that binary photonic crystals can only reproduce mixed colors due to the simple superposition of the photonic band gaps, precisely addressable "true colors" obtained from volume fraction deviation of binary photonic crystals with metastable structures are reported here. Inspired by the mussels' adhesion and longhorn beetles' photonic scales, a binary metastable amorphous photonic crystal was obtained by enhancing the driving forces and customizing the surface roughness of building blocks to regulate the thermodynamic and dynamic factors simultaneously. By controlling the volume fraction of two building blocks, the tunable photonic bandgap varies linearly in the visible region. Furthermore, the "true violet" that cannot be obtained by conventional color mixing is reproduced with the particular ultraviolet characteristics of red photonic pigment's metastable structures, which complement the palette effect of "true colors". Meanwhile, due to the self-adhesion and post-modification of building blocks, the stability of photonic pigments is further improved. The binary photonic pigments not only solve the dilemma of mixed colors, but also realize the tunability and multiplicity of "true colors", offering a new choice for the color palette of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likang Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Junhao Fei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Wei Fang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Luqing Shao
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qianjiang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Huiwen He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Meng Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yanqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Si Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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53
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Xia K, Zheng X, Wang Y, Zhong W, Dong Z, Ye Z, Zhang Z. Biomimetic Chiral Photonic Materials with Tunable Metallic Colorations Prepared from Chiral Melanin-like Nanorods for UV Shielding, Humidity Sensing, and Cosmetics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8114-8124. [PMID: 35731984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many biological species combine the helical organization of cellulose or chitin microfibrils with broadband light absorption of black melanin to produce brilliant structural colors with metallic and glossy effects and other diverse functions. In this work, based on core-shell CNC@PDA chiral nanorods consisting of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as the core and melanin-like polydopamine (PDA) as the shell that can form well-defined chiral liquid crystal phases, we report chiral photonic materials that closely mimic the unique coloration mechanisms and functionalities mastered by several biological species. The photonic films formed by such single CNC@PDA nanorods have brilliant iridescent structural colors originating from selective reflection of circularly polarized lights by the helical organization of CNC@PDAs across the films. Furthermore, the colors of such films have background-independent brightness, high visibility, and metallic effects that arise from the light absorption of the PDA component. Especially, the color ranges and metallic effects of the films can be conveniently tuned by varying the thickness of the PDA shell. In addition, the UV absorption and hygroscopic properties of PDA endow these CNC@PDA films with efficient broadband UV shielding and sensitive humidity-induced dynamic color changes. Due to the mussel-like superior adhesion of PDA, CNC@PDA-based photonic coatings can be formed conformably onto diverse kinds of substrates. A shiny eye shadow with viewing angle-dependent colorful patterns was used to demonstrate the potential applications. With combinations of multiple unique properties in one photonic material fabricated from a single building block, these CNC@PDA-based films are expected to have potential applications in cosmetics, UV protection, anticounterfeiting, chiral reflectors, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Weiting Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Zihan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenkun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
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Zhao J, Zhang L, Du X, Xu J, Lin T, Li Y, Yang X, You J. Panther chameleon-inspired, continuously-regulated, high-saturation structural color of a reflective grating on the nano-patterned surface of a shape memory polymer. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2942-2949. [PMID: 36132013 PMCID: PMC9418828 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00075j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, surface nano-stripes and a reflective grating have been fabricated on shape memory polymers (SMPs) to simulate the active color change of chameleons. The structural color resulting from the interference of reflected light exhibits high saturation and it can be regulated continuously based on the shape memory effect. In addition to the viewing angle, the attained color is sensitive to the deformation at the macroscale. Uniaxial tension along stripes at high temperature produces a remarkable blueshift of the resultant color (from red to green and blue) which can switch back to red after shape recovery upon heating. The evolution of structural color can be attributed to the lower and higher magnitudes of nano-structure periods in temporary (deformed) and permanent (recovery) states respectively. Based on the combination of angle and deformation dependences of structural color, a "colorful" product code has been fabricated. It exhibits enhanced ability to hide and display information which plays an important role in anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqin Zhao
- Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Xinyue Du
- Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Jinyan Xu
- Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Taotao Lin
- Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Yongjin Li
- Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Xuxin Yang
- Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Jichun You
- Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou 311121 China
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55
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Islam MS, Huda N, Mahendran S, Aryal Ac S, Nassar M, Rahman MM. The Blending Effect of Single-Shade Composite with Different Shades of Conventional Resin Composites-An In Vitro Study. Eur J Dent 2022. [PMID: 35728612 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Single-shade composite systems are gaining popularity among clinicians due to the claimed potential of blending with different tooth structure shades while restoring the tooth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the blending effect of two single-shade composite with different shades of conventional resin composite systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two composite cylinders of B1, B2, A1, A2, A3, or A3.5 shade from CharmFil Plus (CP) and Filtek Universal Restorative (3M) were prepared using custom-made silicone mold. Single-shade composite OMNICHROMA (OC) or Beautifil II Enamel (BE) was placed in the center of each cylinder and polymerized. The color parameters, lightness (L*), chroma (C*), and hue (H*) of each composite were measured using a color chronometer. Furthermore, color stability of the samples was evaluated after 1-week staining challenge. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Multivariant analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of material and shade on the color parameters. Multiple comparisons of the data were performed using post hoc test. The staining challenge data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance and paired sample T-test. RESULTS The multivariant analysis showed a statistically significant difference in color parameters among CP, 3M, OC, and BE (p = 0.001). Image analysis showed a visual blending effect for both OC and BE for certain shades; however, some color contrast with the darker shades was observed. The C* value of OC showed a similar pattern to CP; however, the H* of the latter was closely followed by BE. The L* value showed statistically significant difference among the shades of 3M, and in OC and BE when blended with 3M. CONCLUSION All four materials used in this study showed color alteration after the staining challenge. Single-shade composite can blend with only certain shades of resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sofiqul Islam
- Department of Operative Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noorul Huda
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sankavi Mahendran
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Smriti Aryal Ac
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohannad Nassar
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Mustahsen Rahman
- Department of Periodontology, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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56
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Wang Y, Kim BJ, Guidetti G, Omenetto FG. Generation of Complex Tunable Multispectral Signatures with Reconfigurable Protein-Based, Plasmonic-Photonic Crystal Hybrid Nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201036. [PMID: 35527342 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Structurally colored materials, which rely on the interaction between visible light and nanostructures, produce brilliant color displays through fine control of light interference, diffraction, scattering, or absorption. Rationally combining different color-selective functions into a single form offers a powerful strategy to create programmable optical functions which are otherwise difficult, if not impossible to obtain. By leveraging structural protein templates, specifically silk fibroin, nanostructured materials that combine plasmonic and photonic crystal paradigms are shown here. This confluence of function enables directional, tunable, and multiple co-located optical responses derived from the interplay between surface plasmon resonance and photonic bandgap effects. Several demonstrations are shown with programmable coloration at varying viewing sides, angle, and by solvent infiltration, opening avenues for smart displays and multi-mode information encoding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Giulia Guidetti
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Laboratory for Living Devices, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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57
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Datta B, Spero EF, Martin-Martinez FJ, Ortiz C. Socially-Directed Development of Materials for Structural Color. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2100939. [PMID: 35373398 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advancing a socially-directed approach to materials research and development is an imperative to address contemporary challenges and mitigate future detrimental environmental and social impacts. This paper reviews, synergizes, and identifies cross-disciplinary opportunities at the intersection of materials science and engineering with humanistic social sciences fields. Such integrated knowledge and methodologies foster a contextual understanding of materials technologies embedded within, and impacting broader societal systems, thus informing decision making upstream and throughout the entire research and development process toward more socially responsible outcomes. Technological advances in the development of structural color, which arises due to the incoherent and coherent scattering of micro-and nanoscale features and possesses a vast design space, are considered in this context. Specific areas of discussion include material culture, narratives, and visual perception, material waste and use, environmental and social life cycle assessment, and stakeholder and community engagement. A case study of the technical and social implications of bio-based cellulose (as a source for structurally colored products) is provided. Socially-directed research and development of materials for structural color hold significant capacity for improved planetary and societal impact across industries such as aerospace, consumer products, displays and sensors, paints and dyes, and food and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Datta
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ellan F Spero
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Station1, 280 Merrimack Street, Lawrence, MA, 01843, USA
| | - Francisco J Martin-Martinez
- Station1, 280 Merrimack Street, Lawrence, MA, 01843, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Christine Ortiz
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Station1, 280 Merrimack Street, Lawrence, MA, 01843, USA
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58
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Lei R, Zha Z, Hao Z, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhao S. Ultrathin and high-performance covalent organic frameworks composite membranes generated by oligomer triggered interfacial polymerization. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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59
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Li G, Luo W, Che Z, Pu Y, Deng P, Shi L, Ma H, Guan J. Lipophilic Magnetic Photonic Nanochains for Practical Anticounterfeiting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200662. [PMID: 35460197 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic photonic crystals (PCs) possess attractive magnetic orientation, flexible pattern designability, and abundant angle-dependent colors, providing immense potential in anticounterfeiting field. However, all-solid magnetic PCs-based labels generally suffer from incompatibility with screen printing techniques, and inferior environmental endurance and mechanical properties. Herein, by developing a selective concentration polymerization method under magnetic field (H) in microheterogenous dimethyl sulfoxide-water binary solvents, individual tens-of-micrometer-length lipophilic magnetic photonic nanochains (PNCs) of full-width at half-maxima below 30 nm are fabricated, which, after simply dispersed in solvent-free cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, can be formulated as photonic inks to print robust anticounterfeiting labels through an H-assisted screen-printing technology. The as-printed labels possess vivid optically variable effects (OVEs) associated with the spatial distribution of H directionality, which are easy to identify by the naked eye but difficult to imitate and duplicate, while they show excellent environmental resistance and mechanical properties, promising practical applications in banknotes and high-grade commodities. The polymerization mechanism of the lipophilic PNCs is elucidated, and the OVEs are deciphered in numerical simulation. Besides an efficient way to build organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructures, the work provides advanced structural color pigments to achieve the practical application of magnetic PCs in such an anticounterfeiting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Che
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, 220 Handan road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - YuYang Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Peng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, 220 Handan road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Huiru Ma
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Tarutani N, Uesugi R, Uemura K, Katagiri K, Inumaru K, Takeoka Y. Understanding the Electrophoretic Deposition Accompanied by Electrochemical Reactions Toward Structurally Colored Bilayer Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23653-23659. [PMID: 35475601 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Safe, low-cost structurally colored materials are alternative colorants to toxic inorganic pigments and organic dyes. Colloidal amorphous arrays are promising structurally colored materials because of their angle-independent colors. In this study, we focused on precise tuning of the chromaticity by preparing bilayer colloidal amorphous arrays through electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Systematic investigations with various EPD conditions clarified the contributions of each condition to the EPD process and the competing electrochemical reactions, which enabled us to prepare well-colored coatings. EPD films composed of colloidal amorphous array bilayers were successfully synthesized with controlled film thickness. Chromaticity of the films was found to be precisely controlled by the EPD duration. We believe that this understanding of the EPD process and its application to synthesis of structurally colored bilayer films will bring structurally colored materials closer to practical industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tarutani
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ryo Uesugi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kensuke Uemura
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Katagiri
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kei Inumaru
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yukikazu Takeoka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Shen C, Wang Z, Huang R, Bao J, Li Z, Zhang L, Lan R, Yang H. Humidity-Responsive Photonic Crystals with pH and SO 2 Gas Detection Ability Based on Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16764-16771. [PMID: 35352930 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic photonic crystals with tunable structural colors have been a hot topic in the research of anticounterfeiting devices, decoration, and detection. In this work, we prepared cholesteric liquid crystalline network (CLCN)-based photonic crystals that present humidity- and SO2 gas-responsive behaviors. The covalently cross-linked CLCN film presents humidity-responsive color changes due to the swelling/deswelling of the matrix under different humidity conditions. When treating the CLCN film with SO2 gas, the carboxylic salt converted to the acid and the film was not able to respond to the humidity change anymore. The mechanism of the SO2 gas-gated humidity responsiveness of the CLCN film was characterized. It was found that the acidic gas caused changes of pH, resulting in the conversion of the salt to acid and alteration of the surface property. The influence of concentration of SO2 gas and pH on humidity responsiveness of the CLCN film was investigated. We hope that this method provides inspirations for the design and fabrication of visualized pH and acidic gas detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zizheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhaozhong Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lanying Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ruochen Lan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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Abstract
Structural color has been regarded as an ideal alternative to pigments because of the advantages of environmental friendliness, resistance to fading, and dynamic regulation. Responsive structural color can give real-time visible feedback to external stimuli and thus has great prospects in many applications, such as displays, sensing, anticounterfeiting, information storage, and healthcare monitoring. In this Perspective, we elucidate basic concepts, controllable fabrications, and promising applications of responsive structural colors. In particular, we systematically summarize the general regulation mode of all kinds of responsive structural color systems. First, we introduce the basic chromogenic structures as well as the regulation modes of responsive structural color. Second, we present the fabrication methods of patterned structural color. Then, the promising applications of responsive structural color systems are highlighted in detail. Finally, we present the existing challenges and future perspectives on responsive structural colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fuzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold of the Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China
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63
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Wu K, Zhu T, Zhu L, Sun Y, Chen K, Chen J, Yuan H, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu G, Chen X, Sun J. Reversible Mechanochromisms via Manipulating Surface Wrinkling. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2261-2269. [PMID: 35234042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochromic structural-colored materials have promising applications in various domains. In this Letter, we report three types of reversible mechanochromisms in simple material systems by harnessing mechano-responsive wrinkling dynamics including (i) brightness mechanochromism (BM), (ii) hue change mechanochromism (HCM), and (iii) viewable angle mechanochromism (VAM). Upon stretching, the BM device exhibits almost a constant hue but reduces light brightness due to the postbuckling mechanics-controlled deformation, while the HCM device can change the hue from blue to red with almost constant intensity because of the linear elastic mechanics-controlled deformation. The VAM device shows a constant hue because of the thin film interference effect. However, the viewable angles decrease with increasing applied strain owing to the light scattering of wrinkles. All of the mechanochromic behaviors exhibit good reversibility and durability. We clearly elucidated the underlying mechanisms for different mechanochromisms and demonstrated their potential applications in smart displays, stretchable strain sensors, and antipeeping/anticounterfeiting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P.R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jiaorui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Haozhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
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64
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Lyu Q, Li M, Zhang L, Zhu J. Bioinspired Supramolecular Photonic Composites: Construction and Emerging Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100867. [PMID: 35255176 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Natural organisms have evolved fascinating structural colors to survive in complex natural environments. Artificial photonic composites developed by imitating the structural colors of organisms have been applied in displaying, sensing, biomedicine, and many other fields. As emerging materials, photonic composites mediated by supramolecular chemistry, namely, supramolecular photonic composites, have been designed and constructed to meet emerging application needs and challenges. This feature article mainly introduces the constructive strategies, properties, and applications of supramolecular photonic composites. First, constructive strategies of supramolecular photonic composites are summarized, including the introduction of supramolecular polymers into colloidal photonic array templates, co-assembly of colloidal particles (CPs) with supramolecular polymers, self-assembly of soft CPs, and compounding photonic elastomers with functional substances via supramolecular interactions. Supramolecular interactions endow photonic composites with attractive properties, such as stimuli-responsiveness and healability. Subsequently, the unique optical and mechanical properties of supramolecular photonic composites are summarized, and their applications in emerging fields, such as colorful coatings, real-time and visual motion monitoring, and biochemical sensors, are introduced. Finally, challenges and perspectives in supramolecular photonic composites are discussed. This feature article provides general strategies and considerations for the design of photonic materials based on supramolecular chemistry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanqian Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lianbin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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65
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Yang H, Zhou J, Duan Z, Lu B, Deng B, Xu W. Preparation of Structural Color on Cotton Fabric with High Color Fastness through Multiple Hydrogen Bonds between Polyphenol Hydroxyl and Lactam. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3244-3254. [PMID: 34984902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Structural coloration is an important way to realize eco-friendly dyeing of textiles. Structural colored cotton fabric was obtained by fabricating a polydopamine (PDA) film on the white cotton fabric at different polymerization reaction times. PDA is prone to generate capillary tension during film formation, which damages the uniformity and interfacial bonding force of the film. Multiple hydrogen bonds will form between the lactam group of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and the phenolic hydroxyl group of PDA. The introduced hydrogen bonds will effectively enhance the interfacial bond strength and lead to structural color with high color fastness. The surface morphology of double-layer aggregates of the PDA film on structural colored cotton fabric was revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical constitution of the PDA film and PVP was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The color characteristics of structural colored cotton fabrics were analyzed by UV-vis reflectance spectroscopy and spectrophotometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Zijiang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Bo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
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66
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Arai Y, Yashiro N, Imura Y, Wang KH, Kawai T. Thermally Tunable Structural Coloration of Water/Surfactant/Oil Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:569-575. [PMID: 34933556 PMCID: PMC8757461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive structural color in nature has fascinated scientists, directing them to develop artificial coloration materials that adjust colors in response to external stimuli. Many stimuli-responsive structural color materials have been realized. However, only a few have reported on all-liquid-type materials, which have a particularly desirable feature because they impart their function to the device of any shape. We have previously reported the development of a consistent structural color within a narrow temperature range for all-liquid-type emulsions comprising a long-chain amidoamine derivative (C18AA) and tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB). In the present study, we demonstrate that introducing NaCl as an electrolyte affords a highly thermo-sensitive color-changing ability to the emulsions. The structural color of the emulsions can be controlled from red to blue by tuning the temperature. Furthermore, the C18AA and TOAB concentrations can independently regulate the color and coloring-temperature, respectively, realizing that the desired color can develop at a given temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Arai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Nayuta Yashiro
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Imura
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ke-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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67
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Chen F, Huang Y, Li R, Zhang S, Wang B, Zhang W, Wu X, Jiang Q, Wang F, Zhang R. Bio-inspired structural colors and their applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13448-13464. [PMID: 34852027 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04386b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Structural colors, generated by the interaction of interference, diffraction, and scattering between incident light and periodic nanostructured surfaces with features of the same scale with incident visible light wavelengths, have recently attracted intense interest in a wide range of research fields, due to their advantages such as various brilliant colors, long-term stability and environmental friendliness, low energy consumption, and mysterious biological functions. Tremendous effort has been made to design structural colors and considerable progress has been achieved in the past few decades. However, there are still significant challenges and obstacles, such as durability, portability, compatibility, recyclability, mass production of structural-color materials, etc., that need to be solved by rational structural design and novel manufacturing strategies. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of bio-inspired structural colors and their applications. First, we introduce several typical natural structural colors displayed by living organisms from fundamental optical phenomena, including interference, diffraction grating, scattering, photonic crystals effects, the combination of different phenomena, etc. Subsequently, we review recent progress in bio-inspired artificial structural colors generated from advanced micro/nanoscale manufacturing strategies to relevant biomimetic approaches, including self-assembly, template methods, phase conversion, magnetron sputtering, atomic layer deposition, etc. Besides, we also present the current and potential applications of structural colors in various fields, such as displays, anti-counterfeiting, wearable electronics, stealth, printing, etc. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future development directions of structural colors, aiming to push forward the research and applications of structural-color materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. .,State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China
| | - Ya Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Run Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Shiliang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Baoshun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Wenshuo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xueke Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qinyuan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Rufan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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68
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Han Y, Meng Z, Wu Y, Zhang S, Wu S. Structural Colored Fabrics with Brilliant Colors, Low Angle Dependence, and High Color Fastness Based on the Mie Scattering of Cu 2O Spheres. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57796-57802. [PMID: 34797637 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Compared with conventional textile coloring with dyes and pigments, structural colored fabrics have attracted broad attention due to the advantages of eco-friendliness, brilliant colors, and anti-fading properties. The most investigated structural color on fabrics is originated from a band gap of multilayered photonic crystals or amorphous photonic structures. However, limited by the nature of the color generation mechanism and a multilayered structure, it is challenging to achieve structural colored fabrics with brilliant noniridescent colors and high fastness. Here, we propose an alternative strategy for coloring a fabric based on the scattering of Cu2O single-crystal spheres. The disordered Cu2O thin layers (<0.6 μm) on the surface of fabrics were prepared by a spraying method, which can generate vivid noniridescent structural color due to the strong Mie scattering of Cu2O single-crystal spheres. Importantly, the great mechanical stability of the structural color was realized by firmly binding Cu2O spheres to the fabric using a commercial binder. The structural color can be tuned by changing the diameter of Cu2O spheres. Furthermore, complex patterns can be easily obtained by spray coating Cu2O spheres with different particle sizes using a mask. According to color fastness test standards, the dry rubbing, wet rubbing, and light fastness of the structural color on fabric can reach level 5, level 4, and level 6, respectively, which is sufficient to resist rubbing, photobleaching, washing, rinsing, kneading, stretching, and other external mechanical forces. This coloring method may carve a practical avenue in textile coloring and has potentials in other practical applications of structural color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2# Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2# Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2# Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2# Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Suli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2# Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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69
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Chen X, Michinobu T. Postpolymerization Modification: A Powerful Tool for the Synthesis and Function Tuning of Stimuli‐Responsive Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1 Ookayama, Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8552 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1 Ookayama, Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8552 Japan
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70
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Cai P, Wang C, Gao H, Chen X. Mechanomaterials: A Rational Deployment of Forces and Geometries in Programming Functional Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007977. [PMID: 34197013 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of mechanics of materials has been extensively implemented in developing functional materials, giving rise to recent advances in soft actuators, flexible electronics, mechanical metamaterials, tunable mechanochromics, regenerative mechanomedicine, etc. While conventional mechanics of materials offers passive access to mechanical properties of materials in existing forms, a paradigm shift is emerging toward proactive programming of materials' functionality by leveraging the force-geometry-property relationships. Here, such a rising field is coined as "mechanomaterials". To profile the concept, the design principles in this field at four scales is first outlined, namely the atomic scale, the molecular scale, the manipulation of nanoscale materials, and the microscale design of structural materials. A variety of techniques have been recruited to deliver the multiscale programming of functional mechanomaterials, such as strain engineering, capillary assembly, topological interlocking, kirigami, origami, to name a few. Engineering optical and biological functionalities have also been achieved by implementing the fundamentals of mechanochemistry and mechanobiology. Nonetheless, the field of mechanomaterials is still in its infancy, with many open challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed. The authors hope this review can serve as a modest spur to attract more researchers to further advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingqiang Cai
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Changxian Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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71
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Li S, Kou D, Zhang S, Ma W. Large-Area Fabrication of Structurally Colored and Humidity Sensitive Composite Nanofilm via Ultrasonic Spray-Coating. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213768. [PMID: 34771325 PMCID: PMC8587582 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intelligent structural colors have received extensive attention in recent years due to their diverse applications. However, the large-area, uniform, and cost-effective fabrication of ultra-thin structural color films is still challenging. Here, for the first time, we design and employ an ultrasonic spray-coating technique with non-toxic, green nano-silica and polyvinylpyrrolidone as raw materials, to prepare structural color films on silicon wafers. Due to the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone, the coffee-ring effect during droplet drying is suppressed and uniform composite films are formed. We further perform a detailed study of the influence of various processing parameters including silica/polyvinylpyrrolidone concentration, substrate temperature, nozzle-to-substrate distance, and number of spray-passes on film roughness and thickness. By increasing the number of spray-passes from 10 to 30, the film thickness from 120 to 340 nm is modulated, resulting in different colors, and large-area and uniform colors on commercial round silicon wafers with 15 cm diameter are achieved. The silica/polyvinylpyrrolidone composite films show strong hydrophilicity and are sensitive to humidity changes, leading to quickly tunable and reversible structural colors. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation demonstrates water vapor adsorption and condensation on the nanofilm when increasing environmental humidity. Thereby, ultrasonic spray-coating as a novel film fabrication technique provides a feasible scheme for large-area preparation of intelligent structural colors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Ma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-411-84986265
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72
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Liu X, Debije MG, Heuts JPA, Schenning APHJ. Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Particles Prepared by Classical Polymerization Techniques. Chemistry 2021; 27:14168-14178. [PMID: 34320258 PMCID: PMC8596811 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-crystalline polymer particles prepared by classical polymerization techniques are receiving increased attention as promising candidates for use in a variety of applications including micro-actuators, structurally colored objects, and absorbents. These particles have anisotropic molecular order and liquid-crystalline phases that distinguish them from conventional polymer particles. In this minireview, the preparation of liquid-crystalline polymer particles from classical suspension, (mini-)emulsion, dispersion, and precipitation polymerization reactions are discussed. The particle sizes, molecular orientations, and liquid-crystalline phases produced by each technique are summarized and compared. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges and prospects of the preparation of liquid-crystalline polymer particles by classical polymerization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Michael G. Debije
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Johan P. A. Heuts
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
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73
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Sol JAHP, Sentjens H, Yang L, Grossiord N, Schenning APHJ, Debije MG. Anisotropic Iridescence and Polarization Patterns in a Direct Ink Written Chiral Photonic Polymer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103309. [PMID: 34369019 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The iridescence of structural color and its polarization characteristics originate from the nanoscale organization of materials. A major challenge in materials science is generating the bright, lustrous hues seen in nature through nanoscale engineering, while simultaneously controlling interaction of the material with different light polarizations. In this work, a suitable chiral nematic liquid crystal elastomer ink is synthesized for direct ink writing, which self-assembles into a chiral photonic structure. Tuning the writing direction and speed leads to the programmed formation of a slanted photonic axis, which exhibits atypical iridescence and polarization selectivity. After crosslinking, a freely programmable, chiroptical photonic polymer material is obtained. The strongly perspective-dependent appearance of the material can function as specialized anticounterfeit markers, as optical elements in decorative iridescent coatings, or, as demonstrated here, in optically based signaling features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen A H P Sol
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Groene Loper, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Sentjens
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Groene Loper, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Lanti Yang
- T&I, SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, Bergen op Zoom, 4612 PX, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Grossiord
- T&I, SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, Bergen op Zoom, 4612 PX, The Netherlands
| | - Albertus P H J Schenning
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Groene Loper, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Michael G Debije
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Groene Loper, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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74
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Perricone V, Santulli C, Rendina F, Langella C. Organismal Design and Biomimetics: A Problem of Scale. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:biomimetics6040056. [PMID: 34698083 PMCID: PMC8544225 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms and their features represent a complex system of solutions that can efficiently inspire the development of original and cutting-edge design applications: the related discipline is known as biomimetics. From the smallest to the largest, every species has developed and adapted different working principles based on their relative dimensional realm. In nature, size changes determine remarkable effects in organismal structures, functions, and evolutionary innovations. Similarly, size and scaling rules need to be considered in the biomimetic transfer of solutions to different dimensions, from nature to artefacts. The observation of principles that occur at very small scales, such as for nano- and microstructures, can often be seen and transferred to a macroscopic scale. However, this transfer is not always possible; numerous biological structures lose their functionality when applied to different scale dimensions. Hence, the evaluation of the effects and changes in scaling biological working principles to the final design dimension is crucial for the success of any biomimetic transfer process. This review intends to provide biologists and designers with an overview regarding scale-related principles in organismal design and their application to technical projects regarding mechanics, optics, electricity, and acoustics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Perricone
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Carlo Santulli
- School of Science and Technology, Università di Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano 7, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Francesco Rendina
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples “Parthenope”, URL CoNISMa, Centro Direzionale, Is. C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Carla Langella
- Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via San Lorenzo, 81031 Aversa, Italy;
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75
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Li K, Li T, Zhang T, Li H, Li A, Li Z, Lai X, Hou X, Wang Y, Shi L, Li M, Song Y. Facile full-color printing with a single transparent ink. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh1992. [PMID: 34550746 PMCID: PMC8457659 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural colors are promising candidates for their antifading and eco-friendly characteristics. However, high cost and complicated processing inevitably hinder their development. Here, we propose a facile full-color structural-color inkjet printing strategy with a single transparent ink from the common polymer materials. This structural color arisen from total internal reflections is prepared by digitally printing the dome-shaped microstructure (microdome) with well-controlled morphology. By controlling the ink volume and substrate wettability, the microdome color can be continuously regulated across whole visible regions. The gamut, saturation, and lightness of the printed structural-color image are precisely adjusted via the programmable arrangement of different microdomes. With the advantages of simple manufacturing and widely available inks, this color printing approach presents great potential in imaging, decoration, sensing, and biocompatible photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Tailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Huizeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - An Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xintao Lai
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold of the Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (M.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (M.L.); (Y.S.)
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Hou J, Aydemir BE, Dumanli AG. Understanding the structural diversity of chitins as a versatile biomaterial. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200331. [PMID: 34334022 PMCID: PMC8326827 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers, and it has adopted many different structural conformations using a combination of different natural processes like biopolymerization, crystallization and non-equilibrium self-assembly. This leads to a number of striking physical effects like complex light scattering and polarization as well as unique mechanical properties. In doing so, chitin uses a fine balance between the highly ordered chain conformations in the nanofibrils and random disordered structures. In this opinion piece, we discuss the structural hierarchy of chitin, its crystalline states and the natural biosynthesis processes to create such specific structures and diversity. Among the examples we explored, the unified question arises from the generation of completely different bioarchitectures like the Christmas tree-like nanostructures, gyroids or helicoidal geometries using similar dynamic non-equilibrium growth processes. Understanding the in vivo development of such structures from gene expressions, enzymatic activities as well as the chemical matrix employed in different stages of the biosynthesis will allow us to shift the material design paradigms. Certainly, the complexity of the biology requires a collaborative and multi-disciplinary research effort. For the future's advanced technologies, using chitin will ultimately drive many innovations and alternatives using biomimicry in materials science. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hou
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Berk Emre Aydemir
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ahu Gümrah Dumanli
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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77
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Sun YW, Chen ZQ, Zhu YL, Li ZW, Lu ZY, Sun ZY. Intercluster Exchange-Stabilized Novel Complex Colloidal χ c Phase. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8872-8881. [PMID: 34498873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Designing complex cluster crystals with a specific function using simple colloidal building blocks remains a challenge in materials science. Herein, we propose a conceptually new design strategy for constructing complex cluster crystals via hierarchical self-assembly of simple soft Janus colloids. A novel and previously unreported colloidal cluster-χ (χc) phase, which resembles the essential structural features of α-manganese but at a larger length scale, is obtained through molecular dynamics simulations. The formation of the χc phase undergoes a remarkable two-step self-assembly process, that is, the self-assembly of clusters with specific size dispersity from Janus colloids, followed by the highly ordered organization of these clusters. More importantly, the dynamic exchange of particles between these clusters plays a critical role in stabilizing the χc phase. Such a conceptual design framework based on intercluster exchange has the potential to effectively construct novel complex cluster crystals by hierarchical self-assembly of colloidal building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zi-Qin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Moriceau G, Kilchoer C, Djeghdi K, Weder C, Steiner U, Wilts BD, Gunkel I. Photonic Particles Made by the Confined Self-Assembly of a Supramolecular Comb-Like Block Copolymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100522. [PMID: 34523759 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Approaches that enable the preparation of robust polymeric photonic particles are of interest for the development of nonfading and highly reflective pigments for applications such as paints and display technologies. Here, the preparation of photonic particles that display structural color in both, aqueous suspension and the dry solid state is reported. This is achieved by exploiting the confined self-assembly of a supramolecular comb-like block copolymer (BCP) that microphase separates into a well-ordered lamellar morphology with dimensions that promote a photonic bandgap in the visible range. The comb-like BCP is formed by robust ionic interactions between poly(styrene-b-4-vinyl-pyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) BCP and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), which selectively interacts with P4VP blocks. The components are combined in chloroform, and an aqueous emulsion is prepared. Evaporation of the organic solvent leads to the formation of solid microparticles with an onion-like 3D morphology. These photonic pigments display brilliant colors with reflectance spectra featuring pronounced optical bandgaps across the entire visible wavelength range with a peak reflectivity of 80-90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Moriceau
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Kilchoer
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Kenza Djeghdi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Bodo D Wilts
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Ilja Gunkel
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
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79
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Huang F, Weng Y, Lin Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen S. Wetting-Enhanced Structural Color for Convenient and Reversible Encryption of Optical Information. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42276-42286. [PMID: 34432423 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Encrypted storage of optical information has attracted increasing interest for anticounterfeiting, information transmission, and military applications. In this study, an inverse opal-structured titanium dioxide/heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (IOS-T/F) panel is developed. Based on a unique wetting-enhanced mechanism of structural color vision derived from a reduced light scattering and strengthened effective refractive index, this panel is capable of reversible writing/erasing and encryption/decryption of optical information. Multiple levels of information can be compiled, concealed, and erased simply using controlled ultraviolet irradiation to form patterned hydrophilic/hydrophobic differences, and the process of revealing or concealing the information only requires a few drops of water or evaporation, respectively. Importantly, the functions of the IOS-T/F panel can be well maintained under harsh conditions, including strongly acidic/alkaline environments or extreme temperatures (from -40 to 80 °C), as well as can be recovered after staining by various pollutants. This system provides simple encryption, rapid decryption, and the ability to store multiple sets of information under diverse application scenarios, which represents a novel material design strategy for security-related applications and smart optical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Huang
- Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Weng
- Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yanxuan Lin
- Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yuanfeng Wang
- Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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80
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Rahman MA, Kim YH, Cho SH, Lee SY, Byun JY. Realization of Structural Colors via Capped Cu-based F-P Cavity Structure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:29466-29480. [PMID: 34615056 DOI: 10.1364/oe.435768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural colors with tunable properties have several applications in the beautification of mobile devices, surface decoration, art and color filters. Herein, we propose an asymmetric F-P cavity design to systematically tune structural colors by changing the thickness of the top metal and intermediate insulator. In this study, Cu and Si3N4 were chosen as the top metal and intermediate insulator layers, respectively, various reflection colors being realized on the Cu surface. Various capping layers-that is, SiO2, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and a commercially available clear coat named ProtectaClear-were used to protect the Cu surface from scratching and oxidation. PMMA coatings can protect Cu from corrosive environments without degradation of the color quality. The colors can be tuned by controlling the thickness of either the metal or intermediate insulator layers, and vivid structural colors-including orange, bright orange, red, purple, violet, light blue, green-yellow, and yellow-green-can be printed. The colors obtained can be attributed to thin-film interference.
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81
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Mizutani K, Takamizawa T, Ishii R, Shibasaki S, Kurokawa H, Suzuki M, Tsujimoto A, Miyazaki M. Flexural Properties and Polished Surface Characteristics of a Structural Colored Resin Composite. Oper Dent 2021; 46:E117-E131. [PMID: 34370032 DOI: 10.2341/20-154-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the flexural properties and surface characteristics of a structural colored resin composite after different finishing and polishing methods, in comparison to those of conventional resin composites. METHODS AND MATERIALS A structural color resin composite, Omnichroma (OM, Tokuyama Corp, Chiyoda City, Tokyo, Japan), and two comparison resin composites, Filtek Supreme Ultra (FS, 3M, St Paul, MN, USA) and Tetric EvoCeram (TE, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), were used. The flexural properties of the resin composites were determined in accordance with the ISO 4049 specifications. For surface properties, 70 polymerized specimens of each resin composite were prepared and divided into seven groups of 10. Surface roughness (Sa), gloss (GU), and surface free energy (SFE) were investigated after the following finishing and polishing methods. Three groups of specimens were finished with a superfine-grit diamond bur (SFD), and three with a tungsten carbide bur (TCB). After finishing, one of the two remaining groups was polished with a one-step silicone point (CMP), and the other with an aluminum oxide flexible disk (SSD). A group ground with SiC 320-grit was set as a baseline. RESULTS The average flexural strength ranged from 116.6 to 142.3 MPa in the following order with significant differences between each value: FS > TE > OM. The average E ranged from 6.8 to 13.2 GPa in the following order with significant differences between each value: FS > TE > OM. The average R ranged from 0.77 to 1.01 MJ/mm3 in the following order: OM > FS > TE. The Sa values of the OM groups polished with CMP and SSD were found to be significantly lower than those of the other resin composites, regardless of the finishing method. The GU values appeared to be dependent on the material and the finishing method used. The OM specimens polished with SSD showed significantly higher GU values than those polished with CMP. Most of the resin composites polished with SSD demonstrated significantly higher γS values compared to the other groups. Extremely strong negative correlations between Sa and GU in the combined data from the three resin composites and each resin composite and between Sa and γS in the OM specimens were observed; GU showed a strong positive correlation with γS in the same material. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that both flexural and surface properties are material dependent. Furthermore, the different finishing and polishing methods used in this study were observed to affect the Sa, GU, and SFE of the resin composites.
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82
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Areias LRP, Mariz I, Maçôas E, Farinha JPS. Reflectance Confocal Microscopy: A Powerful Tool for Large Scale Characterization of Ordered/Disordered Morphology in Colloidal Photonic Structures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11779-11788. [PMID: 34240840 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of appropriate methods to correlate the structure and optical properties of colloidal photonic structures is still a challenge. Structural information is mostly obtained by electron, X-ray, or optical microscopy methods and X-ray diffraction, while bulk spectroscopic methods and low resolution bright-field microscopy are used for optical characterization. Here, we describe the use of reflectance confocal microscopy as a simple and intuitive technique to provide a direct correlation between the ordered/disordered structural morphology of colloidal crystals and glasses, and their corresponding optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurinda R P Areias
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Mariz
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ermelinda Maçôas
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Paulo S Farinha
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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83
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Lu J, Bu X, Zhang X, Liu B. Self-assembly of shape-tunable oblate colloidal particles into orientationally ordered crystals, glassy crystals and plastic crystals. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6486-6494. [PMID: 34137767 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00343g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The shapes of colloidal particles are crucial to self-assembled superstructures. Understanding the relationship between the shapes of building blocks and the resulting crystal structures is an important fundamental question. Here, we demonstrate that, by using particles whose shape interpolates between a flat disc and a sphere, not only are self-assembled superstructures but also their orientations sensitively dependent on the particle shape. By changing the shape gradually from a flat disc to a spherical shape, a crystal sequence from orientationally ordered crystals to orientationally disordered crystals with frozen and more free rotations are found. The latter two phases are identified as a glassy crystal and a plastic crystal, respectively. By combining theoretical model calculations, the formed crystal structures and the occurring transitions are found to be dictated by the interplay between particle shape and particle-particle interaction as well as particle-wall interaction. In particular, for quasi-spherical shapes, when the strong attraction dominates, a glassy crystal forms, or otherwise a plastic crystal forms. These results demonstrate that the interplay between the particle shape and the interaction can be used to tune crystallization and further fabricate colloid-based new structured and dynamic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Xiangyu Bu
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100149, China
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84
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Liu Y, Fan Q, Zhu G, Shi G, Ma H, Li W, Wu T, Chen J, Yin Y, Guan J. A dual responsive photonic liquid for independent modulation of color brightness and hue. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2032-2040. [PMID: 34846480 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Responsive chromic materials are highly desirable in the fields of displays, anti-counterfeiting, and camouflage, but their advanced applications are usually limited by the unrealized delicate and independent tunability of their three intrinsic attributes of color. This work achieves the separate, continuous, and reversible modulation of structural color brightness and hue with an aqueous suspension of dual-responsive Fe3O4@polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)@poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) flexible photonic nanochains. The underlying modulation mechanism of color brightness was experimentally and numerically deciphered by analyzing the morphological responses to stimuli. When an increasing magnetic field was applied, the random worm-like flexible photonic nanochains gradually orientated along the field direction, due to the dominant magnetic dipole interaction over the thermal motion, lengthening the orientation segment length up to the whole of the nanochains. Consequently, the suspension displays increased color brightness (characterized by diffraction intensity). Meanwhile, the color hue (characterized by diffraction frequency) could be controlled by temperature, due to the volume changes of the interparticle PNIPAM. The achieved diverse color modulation advances the next-generation responsive chromic materials and enriches the basic understanding of the color tuning mechanisms. With versatile and facile color tunability and shape patterning, the developed responsive chromic liquid promises to have attractive potential in full-color displays and in adaptive camouflages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Song J, Zhang W, Wang D, Fan Y, Zhang C, Wang D, Chen L, Miao B, Cui J, Deng X. Polymeric Microparticles Generated via Confinement-Free Fluid Instability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007154. [PMID: 33891327 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In-fiber fluid instability can be harnessed to realize scalable microparticles fabrication with tunable sizes and multifunctional characteristics making it competitive in comparison to conventional microparticles fabrication methods. However, since in-fiber fluid instability has to be induced via thermal annealing and the resulting microparticles can only be collected after dissolving the fiber cladding, obtaining contamination-free particles for high-temperature incompatible materials remains great challenge. Herein, confinement-free fluid instability is demonstrated to fabricate polymeric microparticles in a facile manner induced by the ultralow surface energy of the superamphiphobic surface. The polymer solution columns break up into uniform droplets then form spherical particles spontaneously in seconds at ambient temperature. This method can be applied to a variety of polymers spanning an exceptionally wide range of sizes: from 1 mm down to 1 µm. With the aid of microfluidic spinning instrument, a large quantity of microparticles can be obtained, making this method promising for scaling up production. Notably, through simple modification of the feed solution configuration, composite/structured micromaterials can also be produced, including quantum-dots-labeled fluorescent particles, magnetic particles, core-shell particles, microcapsules, and necklace-like microfibers. This method, with general applicability and facile control, is envisioned to have great prospects in the field of polymer microprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Song
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Wenluan Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Dehui Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yue Fan
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Longquan Chen
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Bing Miao
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxi Cui
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518110, P. R. China
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Saegusa M, Kurokawa H, Takahashi N, Takamizawa T, Ishii R, Shiratsuchi K, Miyazaki M. Evaluation of Color-matching Ability of a Structural Colored Resin Composite. Oper Dent 2021; 46:306-315. [PMID: 34411249 DOI: 10.2341/20-002-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study evaluated the color-matching ability of a structural colored resin composite to compare it with resin composites employing pigments. METHODS AND MATERIALS A structural colored resin composite (Omnichroma [OMC]), a supranano-filled resin composite (Estelite ∑ Quick [ELQ]), and a nano-filled resin composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra [FSU]) were used. Each resin composite was packed into a Teflon mold and pressed down with a clear strip under a glass slide. The specimens were light irradiated through the slide with a light-emitting diode curing unit. The thickness of the specimens (n=6) was measured with a digital caliper before being transferred to distilled water and stored at 37°C for 24 hours. The measurements of the optical characteristics of the specimens on a black-and-white background were performed using a spectrophotometer. D65 (CIE D65) was used as a light source for the spectrophotometer. Measurements were repeated three times for each specimen under each color-measurement condition, and average values for three same-shade specimens were calculated. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests were used (α=0.05). To determine its ability to match the color of artificial teeth, each shade of resin composite was placed in a cavity before performing color measurements. Using a spectrophotometer (CMS-35F S/C) with a flexible sensor, L*, a*, and b* values were obtained. RESULTS The spectral reflectance curve of OMC showed that it reflected light wavelengths from 430-700 nm regardless of the background color and thickness of the specimens. The percentage of reflectance of ELQ decreased near wavelengths of 550-580 nm. Regarding the influence of background color on CIE L*, a*, b* values, the L* level showed significantly higher values for all tested materials with white backgrounds, and OMC was most affected by the difference in background color. However, a* values of ELQ and FSU were significantly higher with a black background than with a white background, and OMC showed a significantly higher value with a white background than with a black background. The b* values were higher with a white background than with a black background and were significantly higher for all three products, and these tendencies were much greater for ELQ and FSU. CONCLUSIONS The ability of OMC to match the color of artificial teeth showed acceptable color compatibility, regardless of the shade of the artificial teeth and the depth of the cavity. However, ELQ and FSU showed reduced color compatibility, especially for a cavity depth of 3.0 mm. Excellent color matching ability was confirmed for the structural colored resin composite OMC, resulting in reduced color differences and therefore improving the esthetic appearance of the restoration, simplifying shade matching, and compensating for any color mismatch.
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Kobayashi S, Nakajima M, Furusawa K, Tichy A, Hosaka K, Tagami J. Color adjustment potential of single-shade resin composite to various-shade human teeth: Effect of structural color phenomenon. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1033-1040. [PMID: 33883353 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the structural color phenomenon in resin composites (RCs) on the color adjustment of restorations by investgating their color reproduction performance in human incisors of various shade. Cervical cavities were filled with a single-shade RC with 260 nm spherical fillers (Omnichroma (OMN)), conventional A2-shade RCs (Estelite Σ Quick or Clearfil AP-X), or experimental RCs with 5-50 nm fumed silica fillers (R1) and 100 nm spherical fillers (R2). Color parameters (L*C*h*) were measured using a CIE XYZ camera along the centerline of the restorations, and the color difference (∆E00) between corresponding areas of intact and restored teeth was calculated. Additionally, the reflectance spectra of OMN, R1, and R2 were investigated. OMN exhibited significantly lower ∆E00 than other tested RCs (p<0.05) and its reflection spectrum ranged from blue to red, while a blue peak was observed with R1 and R2, indicating a higher color adjustment potential of OMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kobayashi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kiyoka Furusawa
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Antonin Tichy
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague
| | - Keiichi Hosaka
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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89
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Kumar S, Foroozesh J. Chitin nanocrystals based complex fluids: A green nanotechnology. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 257:117619. [PMID: 33541647 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chitin biopolymer has received significant attention recently by many industries as a green technology. Nanotechnology has been used to make chitin nanocrystals (ChiNCs) that are rod-shaped natural nanomaterials with nanoscale size. Owing to the unique features such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, renewability, rod-shape, and excellent surface and interfacial, physiochemical, and thermo-mechanical properties; ChiNCs have been green and attractive products with wide applications specifically in medical and pharmaceutical, food and packaging, cosmetic, electrical, and electronic, and also in the oil and gas industry. This review aims to give a comprehensive and applied insight into ChiNCs technology. It starts with reviewing different sources of chitin and their extraction methods followed by the characterization of ChiNCs. Furthermore, a detailed investigation into various complex fluids (dispersions, emulsions, foams, and gels) stabilized by ChiNCs and their characterisation have been thoroughly deliberated. Finally, the current status including ground-breaking applications, untapped investigations, and future prospective have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia
| | - Jalal Foroozesh
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia.
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90
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Okazaki T, Sugimoto H, Hinamoto T, Fujii M. Color Toning of Mie Resonant Silicon Nanoparticle Color Inks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13613-13619. [PMID: 33689264 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An ink of silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) having the lowest-order Mie resonance in the visible range can generate noniridescent and nonfading structural colors in a wide area through a painting process. However, the strong wavelength dependence of the radiation pattern and the extinction coefficient make the multiple reflection behavior very complicated, and thus, a reliable tool is necessary to predict the hue, saturation, and brightness of the reflection color. In this work, a Monte Carlo simulation to predict the reflection color of Si NP inks is first developed. The simulation takes into account the scattering and absorption cross-sections, a radiation pattern of an individual NP, and multiple scattering in NP dispersion. The simulation shows that the reflection color of a Si NP ink depends strongly on the concentration because of the wavelength dependence of the multiple scattering behavior. To extend the controllable range of the hue, saturation, and brightness of Si NP inks, a mixture ink with light-absorbing carbon black (CB) NPs is developed. It is experimentally demonstrated that the combination of the Kerker-type back scattering of a Si NP and a broad absorption by a CB NP allows us to control the hue, saturation, and brightness in a wide range and to realize vivid reflection colors under room light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Okazaki
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugimoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Hinamoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujii
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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91
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Liquid Crystal Elastomers for Biological Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030813. [PMID: 33810173 PMCID: PMC8005174 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The term liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) describes a class of materials that combine the elastic entropy behaviour associated with conventional elastomers with the stimuli responsive properties of anisotropic liquid crystals. LCEs consequently exhibit attributes of both elastomers and liquid crystals, but additionally have unique properties not found in either. Recent developments in LCE synthesis, as well as the understanding of the behaviour of liquid crystal elastomers—namely their mechanical, optical and responsive properties—is of significant relevance to biology and biomedicine. LCEs are abundant in nature, highlighting the potential use of LCEs in biomimetics. Their exceptional tensile properties and biocompatibility have led to research exploring their applications in artificial tissue, biological sensors and cell scaffolds by exploiting their actuation and shock absorption properties. There has also been significant recent interest in using LCEs as a model for morphogenesis. This review provides an overview of some aspects of LCEs which are of relevance in different branches of biology and biomedicine, as well as discussing how recent LCE advances could impact future applications.
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92
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Wang Y, Cao X, Cheng J, Yao B, Zhao Y, Wu S, Ju B, Zhang S, He X, Niu W. Cephalopod-Inspired Chromotropic Ionic Skin with Rapid Visual Sensing Capabilities to Multiple Stimuli. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3509-3521. [PMID: 33528244 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological skin systems can perceive various external stimuli through ion transduction. Especially, the skin of some advanced organisms such as cephalopods can further promptly change body color by manipulating photonic nanostructures. However, the current skin-inspired soft iontronics lack the rapid full-color switching ability to respond to multiple stimuli including tension, pressure, and temperature. Here, an intelligent chromotropic iontronics with these fascinating functions is developed by constructing a biomimetic ultrastructure with anisotropic electrostatic repulsion. This skin-like chromotropic iontronics can synchronously realize electrical response and optical visualization to mechanical strain and tactile sensation by adjusting the ultrastructure in cooperation with ionic mechanotransduction. Notably, it can perform instantaneous geometric changes to thermal stimuli via an anisotropic electrostatic repulsion interior. Such a capability allows bionic skin to transduce temperature or infrared light into ionic signals and color changes in real time. The design of anisotropic photonic nanostructures expands the intelligent application for soft iontronics at higher levels, providing a concise, multifunctional, interactive sensing platform that dynamically displays stimuli information on its body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xianfei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bowen Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yusen Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Suli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Benzhi Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ximin He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wenbin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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93
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Modulating transparency and colour of cellulose nanocrystal composite films by varying polymer molecular weight. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 584:216-224. [PMID: 33069020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) can produce photonic composite films that selectively reflect light based on their periodic cholesteric structure. The hypothesis of this research is that by incorporating water-soluble polymer, photonic properties of CNC composite film can be designed by manipulating the polymer molecular weight. EXPERIMENTAL Flexible free-standing composite films of five different poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecular weights were prepared via air drying under a controlled environment, and characterised by reflectance UV-vis spectrometer, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Films with each molecular weight were investigated over a concentration range. FINDINGS The colour and transmission haze of the composite films was modified by varying both the PEG molecular weight and concentration. Depending on the molecular weight, the films were able to reflect light from the UV region (242 nm) across the visible spectrum to the near-infrared region (832 nm). Different trends in variation of the reflected light based on the molecular weight was found with increasing PEG concentration and was explained by weak depletion interactions occurring between CNC and PEG, which was reduced with increasing PEG molecular weight.
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94
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Verma C, Chhajed M, Gupta P, Roy S, Maji PK. Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from different waste bio-mass collating their liquid crystal ordering with morphological exploration. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:242-253. [PMID: 33561456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been recognized as one of the most promising nanofillers in modern science and technology owing to their outstanding characteristics of renewability, biodegradability, excellent mechanical strength, and liquid crystalline behavior. Interestingly, these properties are dependent on their genetic and also on the isolation process. Therefore, this research aimed to unveil how the biological variations of cellulose can influence on the physical properties of the extracted CNCs. A standard optimized extraction process was adopted to isolate the CNCs from different sources. Extracted CNCs were compared through characterization tools, including Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM). Different self-assembly patterns were observed for different CNCs, owing to their biological variations. The resultant nanocrystals displayed variable morphologies such as spherical, rod, and needle shape. The hydrodynamic diameter, crystallinity index, decomposition temperature, liquid crystallinity, and storage modulus were varied. Nanocrystals isolated from non-wood feedstock have shown a higher degree of polymerization of 108.2 and a high Crystllinity Index (C·I.) of 55.1%. The rod-like morphology with the liquid crystalline pattern was obtained at 3 wt% concentration for SCNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Verma
- Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Chhajed
- Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pragya Gupta
- Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunanda Roy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-Ro, Nam Gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
| | - Pradip K Maji
- Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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95
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Galeb HA, Wilkinson EL, Stowell AF, Lin H, Murphy ST, Martin‐Hirsch PL, Mort RL, Taylor AM, Hardy JG. Melanins as Sustainable Resources for Advanced Biotechnological Applications. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2021; 5:2000102. [PMID: 33552556 PMCID: PMC7857133 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Melanins are a class of biopolymers that are widespread in nature and have diverse origins, chemical compositions, and functions. Their chemical, electrical, optical, and paramagnetic properties offer opportunities for applications in materials science, particularly for medical and technical uses. This review focuses on the application of analytical techniques to study melanins in multidisciplinary contexts with a view to their use as sustainable resources for advanced biotechnological applications, and how these may facilitate the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A. Galeb
- Department of ChemistryLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- Department of ChemistryScience and Arts CollegeRabigh CampusKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21577Saudi Arabia
| | - Emma L. Wilkinson
- Department of Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YGUK
| | - Alison F. Stowell
- Department of Organisation, Work and TechnologyLancaster University Management SchoolLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YXUK
| | - Hungyen Lin
- Department of EngineeringLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | - Samuel T. Murphy
- Department of EngineeringLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
- Materials Science InstituteLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
| | - Pierre L. Martin‐Hirsch
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustRoyal Preston HospitalSharoe Green LanePrestonPR2 9HTUK
| | - Richard L. Mort
- Department of Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YGUK
| | - Adam M. Taylor
- Lancaster Medical SchoolLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of ChemistryLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- Materials Science InstituteLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
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96
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Qin L, Liu X, He K, Yu G, Yuan H, Xu M, Li F, Yu Y. Geminate labels programmed by two-tone microdroplets combining structural and fluorescent color. Nat Commun 2021; 12:699. [PMID: 33514695 PMCID: PMC7846849 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Creating a security label that carries entirely distinct information in reflective and fluorescent states would enhance anti-counterfeiting levels to deter counterfeits ranging from currencies to pharmaceuticals, but has proven extremely challenging. Efforts to tune the reflection color of luminescent materials by modifying inherent chemical structures remain outweighed by substantial trade-offs in fluorescence properties, and vice versa, which destroys the information integrity of labels in either reflection or fluorescent color. Here, a strategy is reported to design geminate labels by programming fluorescent cholesteric liquid crystal microdroplets (two-tone inks), where the luminescent material is 'coated' with the structural color from helical superstructures. These structurally defined microdroplets fabricated by a capillary microfluidic technique contribute to different but intact messages of both reflective and fluorescent patterns in the geminate labels. Such two-tone inks have enormous potential to provide a platform for encryption and protection of valuable authentic information in anti-counterfeiting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Qin
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Kunyun He
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Yu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fuyou Li
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
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97
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Kohri M. Progress in polydopamine-based melanin mimetic materials for structural color generation. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 21:833-848. [PMID: 33536837 PMCID: PMC7832497 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2020.1852057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural color is a color derived from optical interaction between light and a microstructure and is often seen in nature. Natural melanin plays an important role in bright structural coloration. For example, the vivid colors of peacock feathers are due to structural colors. The periodic arrangement of melanin granules inside the feathers leads to light interference, and the black granules absorb scattered light well, resulting in bright structural color. In recent years, polydopamine (PDA) has attracted attention as a melanin mimetic material. This review article summarizes recent research on structural coloration using PDA-based artificial melanin materials. It also outlines possible applications using bright structural colors realized by artificial melanin materials and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinari Kohri
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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98
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Wang B, Zhang Y, Sun W, Zheng X, Li Z. A high specific surface 1-(2-pyridylazo) 2-naphthol (PAN)-modified carbon-based silicon film with cellulose nanocrystalline structure for the efficient adsorption of rare-earth elements. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystalline solution forms a cellulose silicon film with a chiral phase sequence structure by self-assembly. The adsorption performance of silicon film to rare earth ions is improved by the two-step modification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhe Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Zheng
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
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99
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Chen D, Wang Y, Fu Y, Zhou H. Fabrication of Transparent Polymer Optical Device Combined with Selective Visible-Light Transmission and Zero-Birefringence. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000462. [PMID: 33326138 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The formation of optical products using the traditional molten processing methods is a direct and extensive application of optical fields, and it suffers from intrinsic birefringence and optical distortion due to polymer orientation and residual stress. Here, a unique concept is proposed by assembling photonic crystal nanospheres without orientation in a rubbery state to realize transparent optical devices with zero-birefringence and high transparency. By developing fabrication techniques for transparent zero-birefringence optical devices, certain outstanding performances are realized, including no optical distortion and excellent mechanical properties. Simultaneously, by controlling the particle size of the photonic crystal, one has successfully obtained transparent optical devices with the visible light selective transmission are successfully obtained. The transparent zero-birefringence optical devices are promising candidates for potential applications for fine optical devices. The work opens up an exciting new fabrication route for zero-birefringence and highly transparent polymer devices that have been difficult to create using traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yue Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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100
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Clough JM, Weder C, Schrettl S. Mechanochromism in Structurally Colored Polymeric Materials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000528. [PMID: 33210385 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochromic effects in structurally colored materials are the result of deformation-induced changes to their ordered nanostructures. Polymeric materials which respond in this way to deformation offer an attractive combination of characteristics, including continuous strain sensing, high strain resolution, and a wide strain-sensing range. Such materials are potentially useful for a wide range of applications, which extend from pressure-sensing bandages to anti-counterfeiting devices. Focusing on the materials design aspects, recent developments in this field are summarized. The article starts with an overview of different approaches to achieve mechanochromic effects in structurally colored materials, before the physical principles governing the interaction of light with each of these materials types are summarized. Diverse methodologies to prepare these polymers are then discussed in detail, and where applicable, naturally occurring materials that inspired the design of artificial systems are discussed. The capabilities and limitations of structurally colored materials in reporting and visualizing mechanical deformation are examined from a general standpoint and also in more specific technological contexts. To conclude, current trends in the field are highlighted and possible future opportunities are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess M Clough
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
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