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Escalona‐Noguero C, López‐Valls M, Sot B. CRISPR/Cas technology as a promising weapon to combat viral infections. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000315. [PMID: 33569817 PMCID: PMC7995209 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The versatile clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas system has emerged as a promising technology for therapy and molecular diagnosis. It is especially suited for overcoming viral infections outbreaks, since their effective control relies on an efficient treatment, but also on a fast diagnosis to prevent disease dissemination. The CRISPR toolbox offers DNA- and RNA-targeting nucleases that constitute dual weapons against viruses. They allow both the manipulation of viral and host genomes for therapeutic purposes and the detection of viral nucleic acids in "Point of Care" sensor devices. Here, we thoroughly review recent advances in the use of the CRISPR/Cas system for the treatment and diagnosis of viral deleterious infections such as HIV or SARS-CoV-2, examining their strengths and limitations. We describe the main points to consider when designing CRISPR antiviral strategies and the scientific efforts to develop more sensitive CRISPR-based viral detectors. Finally, we discuss future prospects to improve both applications. Also see the video abstract here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0z1dLpJWl4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Begoña Sot
- Fundación IMDEA‐NanocienciaMadridSpain
- Nanobiotecnología (IMDEA‐Nanociencia)Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC)MadridSpain
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Salekdeh PR, Ma'mani L, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Mousavi H, Modarressi MH, Salekdeh GH. Bi-functionalized aminoguanidine-PEGylated periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles: a promising nanocarrier for delivery of Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoproteine. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:95. [PMID: 33789675 PMCID: PMC8011395 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a great interest in the efficient intracellular delivery of Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) and its possible applications for in vivo CRISPR-based gene editing. In this study, a nanoporous mediated gene-editing approach has been successfully performed using a bi-functionalized aminoguanidine-PEGylated periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) nanoparticles (RNP@AGu@PEG1500-PMO) as a potent and biocompatible nanocarrier for RNP delivery. RESULTS The bi-functionalized MSN-based nanomaterials have been fully characterized using electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), nitrogen adsorption measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results confirm that AGu@PEG1500-PMO can be applied for gene-editing with an efficiency of about 40% as measured by GFP gene knockdown of HT1080-GFP cells with no notable change in the morphology of the cells. CONCLUSIONS Due to the high stability and biocompatibility, simple synthesis, and cost-effectiveness, the developed bi-functionalized PMO-based nano-network introduces a tailored nanocarrier that has remarkable potential as a promising trajectory for biomedical and RNP delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Rahimi Salekdeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Ma'mani
- Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Javad Tavakkoly-Bazzaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Niu M, Lin Y, Zou Q. sgRNACNN: identifying sgRNA on-target activity in four crops using ensembles of convolutional neural networks. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:483-495. [PMID: 33385273 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We proposed an ensemble convolutional neural network model to identify sgRNA high on-target activity in four crops and we used one-hot encoding and k-mers for sequence encoding. As an important component of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, single-guide RNA (sgRNA) plays an important role in gene redirection and editing. sgRNA has played an important role in the improvement of agronomic species, but there is a lack of effective bioinformatics tools to identify the activity of sgRNA in agronomic species. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method based on machine learning to identify sgRNA high on-target activity. In this work, we proposed a simple convolutional neural network method to identify sgRNA high on-target activity. Our study used one-hot encoding and k-mers for sequence data conversion and a voting algorithm for constructing the convolutional neural network ensemble model sgRNACNN for the prediction of sgRNA activity. The ensemble model sgRNACNN was used for predictions in four crops: Glycine max, Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor and Triticum aestivum. The accuracy rates of the four crops in the sgRNACNN model were 82.43%, 80.33%, 78.25% and 87.49%, respectively. The experimental results showed that sgRNACNN realizes the identification of high on-target activity sgRNA of agronomic data and can meet the demands of sgRNA activity prediction in agronomy to a certain extent. These results have certain significance for guiding crop gene editing and academic research. The source code and relevant dataset can be found in the following link: https://github.com/nmt315320/sgRNACNN.git .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Niu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of System Integration, Sparebanken Vest, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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54
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Nanomaterials for Protein Delivery in Anticancer Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020155. [PMID: 33503889 PMCID: PMC7910976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology platforms, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and micelles have been studied extensively for various drug deliveries, to treat or prevent diseases by modulating physiological or pathological processes. The delivery drug molecules range from traditional small molecules to recently developed biologics, such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. Among them, proteins have shown a series of advantages and potential in various therapeutic applications, such as introducing therapeutic proteins due to genetic defects, or used as nanocarriers for anticancer agents to decelerate tumor growth or control metastasis. This review discusses the existing nanoparticle delivery systems, introducing design strategies, advantages of using each system, and possible limitations. Moreover, we will examine the intracellular delivery of different protein therapeutics, such as antibodies, antigens, and gene editing proteins into the host cells to achieve anticancer effects and cancer vaccines. Finally, we explore the current applications of protein delivery in anticancer treatments.
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55
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Tang H, Zhao X, Jiang X. Synthetic multi-layer nanoparticles for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:55-78. [PMID: 32147450 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) has great potential to revolutionize biomedical research and disease therapy. The specific and efficient genome editing strongly depends on high efficiency of delivery of the CRISPR payloads. However, optimization of CRISPR delivery vehicles still remains a major obstacle. Recently, various non-viral vectors have been utilized to deliver CRISPR tools. Many of these vectors have multi-layer structures assembled. In this review, we will introduce the development of CRISPR-Cas9 systems and their general therapeutic applications by summarizing current CRISPR-Cas9 based clinical trials. We will highlight the multi-layer nanoparticles (NPs) that have been developed to deliver CRISPR cargos in vitro and in vivo for various purposes, as well the potential building blocks of multi-layer NPs. We will also discuss the challenges in making the CRISPR tools into viable pharmaceutical products and provide potential solutions on efficiency and biosafety issues.
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56
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Song X, Liu C, Wang N, Huang H, He S, Gong C, Wei Y. Delivery of CRISPR/Cas systems for cancer gene therapy and immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:158-180. [PMID: 32360576 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems are efficient and versatile gene editing tools, which offer enormous potential to treat cancer by editing genome, transcriptome or epigenome of tumor cells and/or immune cells. A large body of works have been done with CRISPR/Cas systems for genetic modification, and 16 clinical trials were conducted to treat cancer by ex vivo or in vivo gene editing approaches. Now, promising preclinical works have begun using CRISPR/Cas systems in vivo. However, efficient and safe delivery of CRISPR/Cas systems in vivo is still a critical challenge for their clinical applications. This article summarizes delivery of CRISPR/Cas systems by physical methods, viral vectors and non-viral vectors for cancer gene therapy and immunotherapy. The prospects for the development of physical methods, viral vectors and non-viral vectors for delivery of CRISPR/Cas systems are reviewed, and promising advances in cancer treatment using CRISPR/Cas systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Siyan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Changyang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Li J, Røise JJ, He M, Das R, Murthy N. Non-viral strategies for delivering genome editing enzymes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:99-117. [PMID: 32931860 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genome-editing tools such as Cre recombinase (Cre), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and most recently the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein system have revolutionized biomedical research, agriculture, microbial engineering, and therapeutic development. Direct delivery of genome editing enzymes, as opposed to their corresponding DNA and mRNA precursors, is advantageous since they do not require transcription and/or translation. In addition, prolonged overexpression is a problem when delivering viral vector or plasmid DNA which is bypassed when delivering whole proteins. This lowers the risk of insertional mutagenesis and makes for relatively easier manufacturing. However, a major limitation of utilizing genome editing proteins in vivo is their low delivery efficiency, and currently the most successful strategy involves using potentially immunogenic viral vectors. This lack of safe and effective non-viral delivery systems is still a big hurdle for the clinical translation of such enzymes. This review discusses the challenges of non-viral delivery strategies of widely used genome editing enzymes, including Cre recombinase, ZFNs and TALENs, CRISPR/Cas9, and Cas12a (Cpf1) in their protein format and highlights recent innovations of non-viral delivery strategies which have the potential to overcome current delivery limitations and advance the clinical translation of genome editing.
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58
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Xu CF, Chen GJ, Luo YL, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Lu ZD, Czarna A, Gu Z, Wang J. Rational designs of in vivo CRISPR-Cas delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:3-29. [PMID: 31759123 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas system initiated a revolution in genome editing when it was, for the first time, demonstrated success in the mammalian cells. Today, scientists are able to readily edit genomes, regulate gene transcription, engineer posttranscriptional events, and image nucleic acids using CRISPR-Cas-based tools. However, to efficiently transport CRISPR-Cas into target tissues/cells remains challenging due to many extra- and intra-cellular barriers, therefore largely limiting the applications of CRISPR-based therapeutics in vivo. In this review, we summarize the features of plasmid-, RNA- and ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-based CRISPR-Cas therapeutics. Then, we survey the current in vivo delivery systems. We specify the requirements for efficient in vivo delivery in clinical settings, and highlight both efficiency and safety for different CRISPR-Cas tools.
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59
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Zhang S, Shen J, Li D, Cheng Y. Strategies in the delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein for CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Theranostics 2021; 11:614-648. [PMID: 33391496 PMCID: PMC7738854 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has gained rapidly increasing attentions in recent years, however, the translation of this biotechnology into therapy has been hindered by efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 materials into target cells. Direct delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system as a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex consisting of Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA) has emerged as a powerful and widespread method for genome editing due to its advantages of transient genome editing and reduced off-target effects. In this review, we summarized the current Cas9 RNP delivery systems including physical approaches and synthetic carriers. The mechanisms and beneficial roles of these strategies in intracellular Cas9 RNP delivery were reviewed. Examples in the development of stimuli-responsive and targeted carriers for RNP delivery are highlighted. Finally, the challenges of current Cas9 RNP delivery systems and perspectives in rational design of next generation materials for this promising field will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiangtao Shen
- The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou affiliated to Yangzhou University, Taizhou, 225500, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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60
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Mashel TV, Tarakanchikova YV, Muslimov AR, Zyuzin MV, Timin AS, Lepik KV, Fehse B. Overcoming the delivery problem for therapeutic genome editing: Current status and perspective of non-viral methods. Biomaterials 2020; 258:120282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lázaro I, Sharp P, Gurcan C, Ceylan A, Stylianou M, Kisby T, Chen Y, Vranic S, Barr K, Taheri H, Ozen A, Bussy C, Yilmazer A, Kostarelos K. Deep Tissue Translocation of Graphene Oxide Sheets in Human Glioblastoma 3D Spheroids and an Orthotopic Xenograft Model. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lázaro
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
- John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University 58 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University 3 Blackfan Circle Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Paul Sharp
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Cansu Gurcan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Ankara University Ankara 06830 Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute Ankara University Ankara 06520 Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ceylan
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ankara University Ankara 06110 Turkey
| | - Maria Stylianou
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Thomas Kisby
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Yingxian Chen
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Katharine Barr
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Hadiseh Taheri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Ankara University Ankara 06830 Turkey
| | - Asuman Ozen
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ankara University Ankara 06110 Turkey
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Acelya Yilmazer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Ankara University Ankara 06830 Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute Ankara University Ankara 06520 Turkey
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) UAB Campus Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain
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Kostyushev D, Kostyusheva A, Brezgin S, Smirnov V, Volchkova E, Lukashev A, Chulanov V. Gene Editing by Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7362. [PMID: 33028045 PMCID: PMC7582630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas technologies have advanced dramatically in recent years. Many different systems with new properties have been characterized and a plethora of hybrid CRISPR/Cas systems able to modify the epigenome, regulate transcription, and correct mutations in DNA and RNA have been devised. However, practical application of CRISPR/Cas systems is severely limited by the lack of effective delivery tools. In this review, recent advances in developing vehicles for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas in the form of ribonucleoprotein complexes are outlined. Most importantly, we emphasize the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for CRISPR/Cas delivery and describe their unique properties: biocompatibility, safety, capacity for rational design, and ability to cross biological barriers. Available molecular tools that enable loading of desired protein and/or RNA cargo into the vesicles in a controllable manner and shape the surface of EVs for targeted delivery into specific tissues (e.g., using targeting ligands, peptides, or nanobodies) are discussed. Opportunities for both endogenous (intracellular production of CRISPR/Cas) and exogenous (post-production) loading of EVs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kostyushev
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (S.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (S.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Sergey Brezgin
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (S.B.); (V.C.)
- Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Valery Smirnov
- Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Elena Volchkova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Alexander Lukashev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (S.B.); (V.C.)
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.); (A.L.)
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63
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Mohammadinejad R, Dehshahri A, Sagar Madamsetty V, Zahmatkeshan M, Tavakol S, Makvandi P, Khorsandi D, Pardakhty A, Ashrafizadeh M, Ghasemipour Afshar E, Zarrabi A. In vivo gene delivery mediated by non-viral vectors for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2020; 325:249-275. [PMID: 32634464 PMCID: PMC7334939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy by expression constructs or down-regulation of certain genes has shown great potential for the treatment of various diseases. The wide clinical application of nucleic acid materials dependents on the development of biocompatible gene carriers. There are enormous various compounds widely investigated to be used as non-viral gene carriers including lipids, polymers, carbon materials, and inorganic structures. In this review, we will discuss the recent discoveries on non-viral gene delivery systems. We will also highlight the in vivo gene delivery mediated by non-viral vectors to treat cancer in different tissue and organs including brain, breast, lung, liver, stomach, and prostate. Finally, we will delineate the state-of-the-art and promising perspective of in vivo gene editing using non-viral nano-vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Vijay Sagar Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Masoumeh Zahmatkeshan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Naples, Italy; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6153753843, Iran
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced, Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran; Department of Biotechnology-Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
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64
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Hager S, Fittler FJ, Wagner E, Bros M. Nucleic Acid-Based Approaches for Tumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:E2061. [PMID: 32917034 PMCID: PMC7564019 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors proposed to boost the patients' anti-tumor immune response has proven the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches for tumor therapy. Furthermore, especially in the context of the development of biocompatible, cell type targeting nano-carriers, nucleic acid-based drugs aimed to initiate and to enhance anti-tumor responses have come of age. This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the therapeutic use of nucleic acids for cancer treatment on various levels, comprising (i) mRNA and DNA-based vaccines to be expressed by antigen presenting cells evoking sustained anti-tumor T cell responses, (ii) molecular adjuvants, (iii) strategies to inhibit/reprogram tumor-induced regulatory immune cells e.g., by RNA interference (RNAi), (iv) genetically tailored T cells and natural killer cells to directly recognize tumor antigens, and (v) killing of tumor cells, and reprograming of constituents of the tumor microenvironment by gene transfer and RNAi. Aside from further improvements of individual nucleic acid-based drugs, the major perspective for successful cancer therapy will be combination treatments employing conventional regimens as well as immunotherapeutics like checkpoint inhibitors and nucleic acid-based drugs, each acting on several levels to adequately counter-act tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hager
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | | | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
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Wei T, Cheng Q, Farbiak L, Anderson DG, Langer R, Siegwart DJ. Delivery of Tissue-Targeted Scalpels: Opportunities and Challenges for In Vivo CRISPR/Cas-Based Genome Editing. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9243-9262. [PMID: 32697075 PMCID: PMC7996671 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing has quickly emerged as a powerful breakthrough technology for use in diverse settings across biomedical research and therapeutic development. Recent efforts toward understanding gene modification methods in vitro have led to substantial improvements in ex vivo genome editing efficiency. Because disease targets for genomic correction are often localized in specific organs, realization of the full potential of genomic medicines will require delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 systems targeting specific tissues and cells directly in vivo. In this Perspective, we focus on progress toward in vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas components. Viral and nonviral delivery systems are both promising for gene editing in diverse tissues via local injection and systemic injection. We describe the various viral vectors and synthetic nonviral materials used for in vivo gene editing and applications to research and therapeutic models, and summarize opportunities and progress to date for both methods. We also discuss challenges for viral delivery, including overcoming limited packaging capacity, immunogenicity associated with multiple dosing, and the potential for off-target effects, and nonviral delivery, including efforts to increase efficacy and to expand utility of nonviral carriers for use in extrahepatic tissues and cancer. Looking ahead, additional advances in the safety and efficiency of viral and nonviral delivery systems for tissue- and cell-type-specific gene editing will be required to enable broad clinical translation. We provide a summary of current delivery systems used for in vivo genome editing, organized with respect to route of administration, and highlight immediate opportunities for biomedical research and applications. Furthermore, we discuss current challenges for in vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 systems to guide the development of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Lukas Farbiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel J. Siegwart
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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66
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Cai W, Luo T, Mao L, Wang M. Spatiotemporal Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Machinery Using Stimuli-Responsive Vehicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:8596-8606. [PMID: 32385892 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent innovations in genome editing have enabled the precise manipulation of the genetic information of mammalians, and benefitted the development of next-generation gene therapy. Despite these advances, several barriers to the clinical translation of genome editing remain, including the intracellular delivery of genome editing machinery, and the risk of off-target editing effect. Here, we review the recent advance of spatiotemporal delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing machinery, which is composed of programmable Cas9 nuclease and a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) using stimuli-responsive nanoparticles. We discuss the specific chemistries that have been used for controlled Cas9/sgRNA delivery and intracellular release in the presence of endogenous or external signals. These methodologies can leverage biological signals found locally within disease cells, or exogenous signals administrated with spatiotemporal control, through which an improved genome editing could be achieved. We also discuss the future in exploiting these approaches for fundamental biomedical applications and therapeutic genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), No. 2, North first street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, China
| | - Tianli Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), No. 2, North first street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), No. 2, North first street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), No. 2, North first street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, China
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67
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Bao Y, Jiang Y, Xiong E, Tian T, Zhang Z, Lv J, Li Y, Zhou X. CUT-LAMP: Contamination-Free Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Based on the CRISPR/Cas9 Cleavage. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1082-1091. [PMID: 32242409 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a sensitive and widely used gene amplification technique. However, high amplification efficiency and amplification products containing multiple inverted repeats make the LAMP reaction extremely vulnerable to false-positive amplification caused by contamination. Herein, a contamination-free LAMP (CUT-LAMP) assisted by the CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage with superior reliability and durability has been reported. The core of CUT-LAMP is the engineering of the forward or backward inner primer in the target-independent region, which makes the LAMP products contain a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) site for the CRISPR/Cas9 recognition. For the CUT-LAMP reaction, cross-contamination can be efficiently cleaved by the corresponding Cas9/sgRNA, but the target gene can get rid of digestion due to the lack of a PAM site near the recognition region. CUT-LAMP shows impressive contamination resistance but does not significantly increase procedure complexity; thus, it represents a simple and versatile toolkit facilitating the adoption by open- and closed-tube detection format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Bao
- College of Biophotonics & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Erhu Xiong
- College of Biophotonics & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Biophotonics & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lv
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- College of Biophotonics & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
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68
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Kuhn J, Lin Y, Krhac Levacic A, Al Danaf N, Peng L, Höhn M, Lamb DC, Wagner E, Lächelt U. Delivery of Cas9/sgRNA Ribonucleoprotein Complexes via Hydroxystearyl Oligoamino Amides. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:729-742. [PMID: 31967454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The programmable endonuclease activity and simple usage of CRISPR/Cas9 have revolutionized the field of genome editing. The binding of single guide RNA (sgRNA) by the Cas9 protein results in the formation of negatively charged ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. The presence of this functional complex inside cells is imperative for the intended specific genome modifications. The direct intracellular delivery of Cas9/sgRNA RNP complexes is of great advantage. In this work, a compound library of sequence-defined oligo(ethylenamino) amides containing structural motifs for stable nanoparticle formation, cellular uptake, and endosomal release was used for the screening and development of suitable Cas9 RNP delivery vehicles. Lipid-containing oligoaminoamides (lipo-OAAs) were identified as the most efficient carriers for intracellular Cas9/sgRNA delivery and gene disruption. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements indicated that the lipo-OAAs only interact with sgRNA-loaded Cas9 protein, which suggests exclusive ionic interaction with the negatively charged RNPs. The type of contained fatty acid turned out to have a critical impact on the knock out efficiency: the presence of one hydroxy group in the fatty acid dramatically changes the properties and performance of the resulting Cas9/sgRNA lipo-OAA complexes. The lipo-OAA-containing hydroxy-stearic acid (OHSteA) was superior to the analogues with saturated or unsaturated fatty acids without hydroxylation; it formed smaller and more defined nanoparticles with Cas9/sgRNA and improved the cellular uptake and endosomal release, which altogether resulted in an increased nuclear association and the highest gene knock out levels. The efficient and adaptable delivery platform has high potential for the future development of therapeutics based on precise genome modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Kuhn
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Ana Krhac Levacic
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Nader Al Danaf
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Lun Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Miriam Höhn
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Don C Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80539, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Munich 80799, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80539, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Munich 80799, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lächelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80539, Germany
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69
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Rohiwal SS, Dvorakova N, Klima J, Vaskovicova M, Senigl F, Slouf M, Pavlova E, Stepanek P, Babuka D, Benes H, Ellederova Z, Stieger K. Polyethylenimine based magnetic nanoparticles mediated non-viral CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4619. [PMID: 32165679 PMCID: PMC7067791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas9) system has become a revolutionary tool for gene editing. Since viral delivery systems have significant side effects, and naked DNA delivery is not an option, the nontoxic, non-viral delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components would significantly improve future therapeutic delivery. In this study, we aim at characterizing nanoparticles to deliver plasmid DNA encoding for the CRISPR-Cas system in eukaryotic cells in vitro. CRISPR/Cas9 complexed polyethylenimine (PEI) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were generated. We used a stable HEK293 cell line expressing the traffic light reporter (TLR-3) system to evaluate efficient homology- directed repair (HDR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) events following transfection with NPs. MNPs have been synthesized by co-precipitation with the average particle size around 20 nm in diameter. The dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements showed that NPs exhibited narrow size distribution and sufficient colloidal stability. Genome editing events were as efficient as compared to standard lipofectamine transfection. Our approach tested non-viral delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 and DNA template to perform HDR and NHEJ in the same assay. We demonstrated that PEI-MNPs is a promising delivery system for plasmids encoding CRISPR/Cas9 and template DNA and thus can improve safety and utility of gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Rohiwal
- The PIGMOD center, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v. v. i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - N Dvorakova
- The PIGMOD center, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v. v. i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - J Klima
- The PIGMOD center, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v. v. i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - M Vaskovicova
- The PIGMOD center, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v. v. i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - F Senigl
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - M Slouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - E Pavlova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - P Stepanek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - D Babuka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - H Benes
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Z Ellederova
- The PIGMOD center, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v. v. i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic.
| | - K Stieger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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70
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Qi J, Chen Y, Xue T, Lin Y, Huang S, Cao S, Wang X, Su Y, Lin Z. Graphene oxide-based magnetic nanocomposites for the delivery of melittin to cervical cancer HeLa cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:065102. [PMID: 31645027 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Melittin (MEL), the primary active component of bee venom, has recently emerged as a promising cancer chemotherapeutic agent. However, the instability and rapid degradation of MEL is a significant challenge in practical therapeutic applications. In the present study, graphene oxide (GO)-based magnetic nanocomposites (PEG-GO-Fe3O4) were prepared and adopted as the drug delivery vehicles of MEL, and the anticancer effects of PEG-GO-Fe3O4/MEL complexes on human cervical cancer HeLa cells were studied. PEG-GO-Fe3O4 exhibited a series of unique physical and chemical properties resulting in multiple interactions with MEL, and ultimately the release of MEL. In vitro experiments showed that PEG-GO-Fe3O4/MEL not only distinctly enhanced the inhibition effect on HeLa cells, but also induced pore formation in the cell membrane that ultimately led to cell lysis. In this newly developed drug delivery system, PEGylated GO plays the role of a MEL protector while Fe3O4 nanoparticles act as magnetic responders; therefore active MEL can be released over a long period of time (up to 72 h) and maintain its inhibition effect on HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Qi
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, People's Republic of China
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71
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Wang SR, Wu LY, Huang HY, Xiong W, Liu J, Wei L, Yin P, Tian T, Zhou X. Conditional control of RNA-guided nucleic acid cleavage and gene editing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:91. [PMID: 31900392 PMCID: PMC6941951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prokaryotes use repetitive genomic elements termed CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) to destroy invading genetic molecules. Although CRISPR systems have been widely used in DNA and RNA technology, certain adverse effects do occur. For example, constitutively active CRISPR systems may lead to a certain risk of off-target effects. Here, we introduce post-synthetic masking and chemical activation of guide RNA (gRNA) to controlling CRISPR systems. An RNA structure profiling probe (2-azidomethylnicotinic acid imidazolide) is used. Moreover, we accomplish conditional control of gene editing in live cells. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates promising potential of chemical activation of gRNAs as a versatile tool for chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ru Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Yan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Lai Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
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72
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Yue H, Huang R, Shan Y, Xing D. Delivery of Cas13a/crRNA by self-degradable black phosphorus nanosheets to specifically inhibit Mcl-1 for breast cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:11096-11106. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01914c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The constructed Cas13a/crRNA complex is delivered into cytoplasm by PBP via endocytosis, followed by endosomal escape based on biodegradation of the PBP, and efficiently knocked down Mcl-1 at transcriptional level for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Yue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- P. R. China
| | - Ru Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanyue Shan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- P. R. China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- P. R. China
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73
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Gong Y, Tian S, Xuan Y, Zhang S. Lipid and polymer mediated CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4369-4386. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00207k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system is the most widely used tool for gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- Key Lab of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Siyu Tian
- Key Lab of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Yang Xuan
- Key Lab of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Lab of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
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74
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Ryu JY, Won EJ, Lee HAR, Kim JH, Hui E, Kim HP, Yoon TJ. Ultrasound-activated particles as CRISPR/Cas9 delivery system for androgenic alopecia therapy. Biomaterials 2019; 232:119736. [PMID: 31901692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Compared to a plasmid, viral, and other delivery systems, direct Cas9/sgRNA protein delivery has several advantages such as low off-targeting effects and non-integration, but it still has limitations due to low transfer efficiency. As such, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is being developed in combination with nano-carrier technology to enhance delivery efficiency and biocompatibility. We designed a microbubble-nanoliposomal particle as a Cas9/sgRNA riboprotein complex carrier, which effectively facilitates local delivery to a specific site when agitated by ultrasound activation. In practice, we successfully transferred the protein constructs into dermal papilla cells in the hair follicle of androgenic alopecia animals by microbubble cavitation induced sonoporation of our particle. The delivered Cas9/sgRNA recognized and edited specifically the target gene with high efficiency in vitro and in vivo, thus recovering hair growth. We demonstrated the topical application of ultrasound-activated nanoparticles for androgenic alopecia therapy through the suppression of SRD5A2 protein production by CRISPR-based genomic editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yeon Ryu
- Lab. of NanoPharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou Universtiy, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Won
- Lab. of NanoPharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou Universtiy, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Han A Reum Lee
- Lab. of NanoPharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou Universtiy, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Kim
- Lab. of NanoPharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou Universtiy, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Emmanuel Hui
- Lab. of NanoPharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou Universtiy, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Hong Pyo Kim
- Lab. of NanoPharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou Universtiy, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
| | - Tae-Jong Yoon
- Lab. of NanoPharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou Universtiy, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
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75
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Li S, Song Z, Liu C, Chen XL, Han H. Biomimetic Mineralization-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Nanoparticles for Gene Editing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47762-47770. [PMID: 31773942 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex has provided an alternative strategy for the regulation of CRISPR functions, offering a transient and DNA-free means for genomic editing. Chemical methods of delivering the RNPs via nanocomplexes have the potential to address these delivery problems for efficiency, safety, and packaging capacity. Here, we developed a biomimetic mineralization-mediated strategy for efficient DNA-free genome editing by using CRISPR/Cas9 RNPs. We found that the RNPs have the ability to form the biomimetic mineralized RNP nanoparticles (Bm-RNP NPs) quickly in situ and can be effectively delivered into the fungal protoplast cells. Biomimetic mineralization can maintain the natural function of Cas9 protein and protect the sgRNA activity. At the same time, the encapsulated RNPs can be effectively released into the cytoplasm, and the Sytalone dehydratase (SDH) gene can be edited in a targeted manner. Except for phenotypic defects, molecular detections indicated that the delivery of Bm-RNP NPs achieved 20% genomic editing for Magnaporthe oryzae compared to RNPs alone. Moreover, the Bm-RNP NP-mediated editing of the SDH gene significantly affects the appressorium-mediated penetration and invasive growth in M. oryzae. Our system has the advantages of being cheap, fast, and effective, without the traditional transformation process, suggesting the potential application of this DNA-free gene-editing strategy in different organisms.
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76
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Jain PK, Lo JH, Rananaware S, Downing M, Panda A, Tai M, Raghavan S, Fleming HE, Bhatia SN. Non-viral delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 complex using CRISPR-GPS nanocomplexes. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21317-21323. [PMID: 31670340 PMCID: PMC7709491 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01786k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical need for the development of safe and efficient delivery technologies for CRISPR/Cas9 to advance translation of genome editing to the clinic. Non-viral methods that are simple, efficient, and completely based on biologically-derived materials could offer such potential. Here we report a simple and modular tandem peptide-based nanocomplex system with cell-targeting capacity that efficiently combines guide RNA (sgRNA) with Cas9 protein, and facilitates internalization of sgRNA/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes to yield robust genome editing across multiple cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush K Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA and Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine, Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608.
| | - Justin H Lo
- Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine, Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Santosh Rananaware
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Marco Downing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Apekshya Panda
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michelle Tai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Srivatsan Raghavan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heather E Fleming
- Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine, Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine, Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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77
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Qin X, Yu C, Wei J, Li L, Zhang C, Wu Q, Liu J, Yao SQ, Huang W. Rational Design of Nanocarriers for Intracellular Protein Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902791. [PMID: 31496027 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein/antibody therapeutics have exhibited the advantages of high specificity and activity even at an extremely low concentration compared to small molecule drugs. However, they are accompanied by unfavorable physicochemical properties such as fragile tertiary structure, large molecular size, and poor penetration of the membrane, and thus the clinical use of protein drugs is hindered by inefficient delivery of proteins into the host cells. To overcome the challenges associated with protein therapeutics and enhance their biopharmaceutical applications, various protein-loaded nanocarriers with desired functions, such as lipid nanocapsules, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, and peptides, are developed. In this review, the different strategies for intracellular delivery of proteins are comprehensively summarized. Their designed routes, mechanisms of action, and potential therapeutics in live cells or in vivo are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the perspective on the new generation of delivery systems toward the emerging area of protein-based therapeutics is presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
| | - Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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78
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Fan J, Tong C, Dang W, Qin Y, Liu X, Liu B, Wang W. An rGONS-based biosensor for simultaneous imaging of p53 and p21 mRNA in living cells. Talanta 2019; 204:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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79
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Tan Z, Jiang Y, Ganewatta MS, Kumar R, Keith A, Twaroski K, Pengo T, Tolar J, Lodge TP, Reineke TM. Block Polymer Micelles Enable CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Delivery: Physicochemical Properties Affect Packaging Mechanisms and Gene Editing Efficiency. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yaming Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mitra S. Ganewatta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Allison Keith
- Department of Pediatrics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kirk Twaroski
- Department of Pediatrics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Thomas Pengo
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University Imaging Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Department of Pediatrics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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80
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Ding F, Huang X, Gao X, Xie M, Pan G, Li Q, Song J, Zhu X, Zhang C. A non-cationic nucleic acid nanogel for the delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17211-17215. [PMID: 31531437 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05233j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a non-cationic DNA-crosslinked nanogel for intracellular delivery of a Cas9 and single guide RNA (Cas9/sgRNA) complex. A DNA-grafted polycaprolactone brush (DNA-g-PCL) is first loaded with the Cas9/sgRNA complex and then crosslinked by DNA linkers via nucleic acid hybridization to form a nanosized hydrogel, in which the gene editing tools are embedded and protected inside. With compact architecture, the Cas9/sgRNA complex-containing nanogel exhibited excellent physiological stability against nuclease digestion and enhanced cellular uptake efficiency, making the delivery system a promising tool for target genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xiangang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xihui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Miao Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Gaifang Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Qifeng Li
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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81
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Ju E, Li T, da Silva SR, Gao SJ. Gold Nanocluster-Mediated Efficient Delivery of Cas9 Protein through pH-Induced Assembly-Disassembly for Inactivation of Virus Oncogenes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34717-34724. [PMID: 31469541 PMCID: PMC6763369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas gene editing system has been successfully applied to combating bacteria, cancer, virus, and genetic disorders. While viral vectors have been used for the delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, the time required for insert cloning, and virus packaging and standardization, hinders its efficient use. Additionally, the high molecular weight of the Cas9 endonuclease makes it not easy for packing into the vehicles. Herein we report the self-assembly of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with SpCas9 protein (SpCas9-AuNCs) under physiological conditions and the efficient delivery of SpCas9 into the cell nucleus. This assembly process is highly dependent on pH. SpCas9-AuNCs are stable at a higher pH but are disassembled at a lower pH. Significantly, this assembly-disassembly process facilitates the delivery of SpCas9 into cells and the cell nucleus, where the SpCas9 exerts its cleavage function. As a proof-of-concept, the assembled SpCas9-AuNCs nanoparticles are successfully used for efficient knockout of the E6 oncogene, restoring the function of tumor-suppressive protein p53 and inducing apoptosis in cervical cancer cells with little effect on normal human cells. The SpCas9-AuNCs are useful for sgRNA functional validation, sgRNA library screening, and genomic manipulation.
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82
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Chung JY, Ain QU, Song Y, Yong SB, Kim YH. Targeted delivery of CRISPR interference system against Fabp4 to white adipocytes ameliorates obesity, inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Genome Res 2019; 29:1442-1452. [PMID: 31467027 PMCID: PMC6724665 DOI: 10.1101/gr.246900.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing pathophysiological problem in developed societies. Despite all major progress in understanding molecular mechanisms of obesity, currently available anti-obesity drugs have shown limited efficacy with severe side effects. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) mechanism based on catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) and single guide RNA (sgRNA) was combined with a targeted nonviral gene delivery system to treat obesity and obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. A fusion peptide targeting a vascular and cellular marker of adipose tissue, prohibitin, was developed by conjugation of adipocyte targeting sequence (CKGGRAKDC) to 9-mer arginine (ATS-9R). (dCas9/sgFabp4) + ATS-9R oligoplexes showed effective condensation and selective delivery into mature adipocytes. Targeted delivery of the CRISPRi system against Fabp4 to white adipocytes by ATS-9R induced effective silencing of Fabp4, resulting in reduction of body weight and inflammation and restoration of hepatic steatosis in obese mice. This RNA-guided DNA recognition platform provides a simple and safe approach to regress and treat obesity and obesity-induced metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Young Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharamceutical Research Hanyang University, 04763 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Qurrat Ul Ain
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharamceutical Research Hanyang University, 04763 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonsung Song
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharamceutical Research Hanyang University, 04763 Seoul, South Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resource Team, Hanyang University, 04763 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Beom Yong
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharamceutical Research Hanyang University, 04763 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharamceutical Research Hanyang University, 04763 Seoul, South Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resource Team, Hanyang University, 04763 Seoul, South Korea
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83
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Fu W, Zhou W, Chu PK, Yu X. Inherent Chemotherapeutic Anti‐Cancer Effects of Low‐Dimensional Nanomaterials. Chemistry 2019; 25:10995-11006. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fu
- Materials Interference CenterShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 P.R. China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Materials Interference CenterShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 P.R. China
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Xue‐Feng Yu
- Materials Interference CenterShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 P.R. China
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84
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Abstract
The emergence of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system has brought much hope and excitement to the field of gene therapy and the larger scientific community. However, in order for CRISPR-based therapies to be translated to the clinical setting, there is an urgent need to develop optimized vectors for their delivery. The delivery vector is a crucial determinant of the therapeutic efficacy of gene editing and should be designed to accommodate various factors including the form of the payload, the physiological environment, and the potential immune responses. Recently, biomaterials have become an attractive option for the delivery of Cas9 due to their tunability, biocompatibility and increasing efficacy at drug delivery. Biomaterials offer a unique solution for creating tailored vectors to meet the demands of various applications that cannot be easily met by other delivery methods. In this review, we will discuss the various biomaterial systems that have been used to deliver Cas9 in its plasmid, mRNA and protein forms. In addition, the functions of these materials will be reviewed to understand their roles in Cas9 delivery. Finally, the immune challenges associated with Cas9 and the delivery materials will be discussed as an understanding of the immune responses along with the functions of biomaterials will ultimately guide the field in designing new delivery systems for the clinical applications of CRISPR-Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Eoh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
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85
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Zhao W, Hou X, Vick OG, Dong Y. RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119291. [PMID: 31255978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and rare diseases (GARDs) affect more than 350 million patients worldwide and remain a significant challenge in the clinic. Hence, continuous efforts have been made to bridge the significant gap between the supply and demand of effective treatments for GARDs. Recent decades have witnessed the impressive progress in the fight against GARDs, with an improved understanding of the genetic origins of rare diseases and the rapid development in gene therapy providing a new avenue for GARD therapy. RNA-based therapeutics, such as RNA interference (RNAi), messenger RNA (mRNA) and RNA-involved genome editing technologies, demonstrate great potential as a therapy tool for treating genetic associated rare diseases. In the meantime, a variety of RNA delivery vehicles were established for boosting the widespread applications of RNA therapeutics. Among all the RNA delivery platforms which enable the systemic applications of RNAs, non-viral RNA delivery biomaterials display superior properties and a few biomaterials have been successfully exploited for achieving the RNA-based gene therapies on GARDs. In this review article, we focus on recent advances in the development of novel biomaterials for delivery of RNA-based therapeutics and highlight their applications to treat GARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Zhao
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Xucheng Hou
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Olivia G Vick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; The Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
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86
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Qiao J, Sun W, Lin S, Jin R, Ma L, Liu Y. Cytosolic delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins for genome editing using chitosan-coated red fluorescent protein. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4707-4710. [PMID: 30942216 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00010k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Though plenty of viral and non-viral methods have been rapidly developed for the delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, the direct delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) into the nucleus for genome editing via the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway, especially the latter one, remains a challenge. Here we report a delivery vehicle achieved by encapsulating red fluorescent protein (RFP) within chitosan (CS), which can simultaneously deliver engineered Cas9 RNPs with a poly-glutamate peptide tag (E-tag) and DNA donors into a range of cell types with high genome editing efficacy and non-cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, China.
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87
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Pan Y, Yang J, Luan X, Liu X, Li X, Yang J, Huang T, Sun L, Wang Y, Lin Y, Song Y. Near-infrared upconversion-activated CRISPR-Cas9 system: A remote-controlled gene editing platform. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav7199. [PMID: 30949579 PMCID: PMC6447385 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav7199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As an RNA-guided nuclease, CRISPR-Cas9 offers facile and promising solutions to mediate genome modification with respect to versatility and high precision. However, spatiotemporal manipulation of CRISPR-Cas9 delivery remains a daunting challenge for robust effectuation of gene editing both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we designed a near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive nanocarrier of CRISPR-Cas9 for cancer therapeutics based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The UCNPs served as "nanotransducers" that can convert NIR light (980 nm) into local ultraviolet light for the cleavage of photosensitive molecules, thereby resulting in on-demand release of CRISPR-Cas9. In addition, by preparing a single guide RNA targeting a tumor gene (polo-like kinase-1), our strategies have successfully inhibited the proliferation of tumor cell via NIR light-activated gene editing both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this exogenously controlled method presents enormous potential for targeted gene editing in deep tissues and treatment of a myriad of diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- CRISPR-Cas Systems/radiation effects
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Cell Proliferation
- Drug Carriers/chemistry
- Female
- Gene Editing/methods
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Humans
- Infrared Rays
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Mouth Neoplasms/therapy
- Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/radiation effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Xiaowei Luan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Youhui Lin
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yujun Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
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88
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Improved Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 System Using Magnetic Nanoparticles into Porcine Fibroblast. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:173-180. [PMID: 30560399 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified pigs play an important role in agriculture and biomedical research; hence, new efficient methods are needed to obtain genetically engineered cells and animals. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas (CRISPR-associated) system represents an effective genome editing tool. It consists of two key molecules: single guide RNA (sgRNA) and the Cas9 endonuclease that can be introduced into the cells as one plasmid. Typical delivery methods for CRISPR/Cas9 components are limited by low transfection efficiency or toxic effects on cells. Here, we describe the use of magnetic nanoparticles and gradient magnetic field to improve delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 constructs into porcine fetal fibroblasts. Polyethylenimine-coated nanoparticles with magnetic iron oxide core were used to form magnetic plasmid DNA lipoplexes. CRISPR/Cas9 construct was prepared to induce site-specific cutting at the porcine H11 locus. Quantitative assessment of genomic cleavage by sequence trace decomposition demonstrated that the magnetofection efficiency was more than 3.5 times higher compared to the classic lipofection method. The Tracking of Indels by Decomposition web tool precisely determined the spectrum of indels that occurred. Simultaneously, no additional cytotoxicity associated with the utilization of magnetic nanoparticles was observed. Our results indicate that magnetofection enables effective delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 construct into porcine fetal fibroblasts with low cell toxicity.
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89
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Carboni V, Maaliki C, Alyami M, Alsaiari S, Khashab N. Synthetic Vehicles for Encapsulation and Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Machinery. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Carboni
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Carine Maaliki
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mram Alyami
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Alsaiari
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
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90
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Di Santo R, Digiacomo L, Palchetti S, Palmieri V, Perini G, Pozzi D, Papi M, Caracciolo G. Microfluidic manufacturing of surface-functionalized graphene oxide nanoflakes for gene delivery. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2733-2741. [PMID: 30672541 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09245a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a single-atomic-layered material made of a sheet of oxidized carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb structure. Thanks to the notable physical and chemical properties of GO, GO-based nanomaterials have applications in many fields of research, including gene delivery. It has been reported that pristine GO can absorb single-stranded DNA and RNA through π-π stacking, which cannot be used as a gene carrier because it is hard to load double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). To tackle this issue, this work was aimed at developing a hybrid nanoparticle (NP) system made of GO coated with cationic lipids (hereafter referred to as GOCL) with suitable physical-chemical properties for gene delivery applications. To this end, nanosized GO flakes (nGO) were coated with the cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) by microfluidic mixing. Comprehensive characterization of GOCL NPs was performed by a combination of dynamic light scattering (DLS), micro-electrophoresis and atom force microscopy (AFM). Our results show that GOCL NPs exhibit adequate size (<150 nm) and surface charge (ξ = +15 mV) for gene delivery purposes. Complexes made of GOCL NPs and plasmid DNA (pDNA) were used to transfect human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells. Pristine nGO and DOTAP cationic liposomes were used as a reference. GOCL NPs exhibited a similar TE but a much higher cell viability compared with DOTAP cationic liposomes. Confocal fluorescence microscopy provided a reasonable explanation for the superior performance of GOCL/DNA complexes showing that they are much more numerous, regular in size and homogeneously distributed than DOTAP/DNA complexes, thus splitting their gene payload over the entire cell population. Because of the imperative demand for efficient and safe nanocarriers, this study will contribute to the development of novel surface-functionalized GO-based hybrid gene vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Santo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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91
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Joshi K, Mazumder B, Chattopadhyay P, Bora NS, Goyary D, Karmakar S. Graphene Family of Nanomaterials: Reviewing Advanced Applications in Drug delivery and Medicine. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:195-214. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666181031162208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene in nano form has proven to be one of the most remarkable materials. It has a single
atom thick molecular structure and it possesses exceptional physical strength, electrical and electronic
properties. Applications of the Graphene Family of Nanomaterials (GFNs) in different fields of therapy
have emerged, including for targeted drug delivery in cancer, gene delivery, antimicrobial therapy, tissue
engineering and more recently in more diseases including HIV. This review seeks to analyze current
advances of potential applications of graphene and its family of nano-materials for drug delivery and
other major biomedical purposes. Moreover, safety and toxicity are the major roadblocks preventing the
use of GFNs in therapeutics. This review intends to analyze the safety and biocompatibility of GFNs
along with the discussion on the latest techniques developed for toxicity reduction and biocompatibility
enhancement of GFNs. This review seeks to evaluate how GFNs in future will serve as biocompatible
and useful biomaterials in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhaskar Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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92
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Ma L, Zhou M, He C, Li S, Fan X, Nie C, Luo H, Qiu L, Cheng C. Graphene-based advanced nanoplatforms and biocomposites from environmentally friendly and biomimetic approaches. GREEN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9gc02266j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly and biomimetic approaches to fabricate graphene-based advanced nanoplatforms and biocomposites for biomedical applications are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Ma
- Department of Ultrasound
- West China Hospital
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Ultrasound
- West China Hospital
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
| | - Shuang Li
- Functional Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Ultrasound
- West China Hospital
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universitat Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Hongrong Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound
- West China Hospital
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
| | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound
- West China Hospital
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
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93
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Wang L, Zheng W, Liu S, Li B, Jiang X. Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 by Novel Strategies for Gene Therapy. Chembiochem 2018; 20:634-643. [PMID: 30393919 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Precise editing of the genome of a living body is a goal pursued by scientists in many fields. In recent years, CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas (CRISPR-associated) genome-editing systems have become a revolutionary toolbox for gene editing across various species. However, the low transfection efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo is a big obstacle hindering wide and deep application. In this review, recently developed delivery strategies for various CRISPR/Cas9 formulations and their applications in treating gene-related diseases are briefly summarized. This review should inspire others to explore more efficient strategies for CRISPR system delivery and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Bing Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jinan University, No.601, West Huangpu Avenue, TianHe District, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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94
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Lin G, Li L, Panwar N, Wang J, Tjin SC, Wang X, Yong KT. Non-viral gene therapy using multifunctional nanoparticles: Status, challenges, and opportunities. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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95
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Givens BE, Naguib YW, Geary SM, Devor EJ, Salem AK. Nanoparticle-Based Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing Therapeutics. AAPS J 2018; 20:108. [PMID: 30306365 PMCID: PMC6398936 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent progress in harnessing the efficient and precise method of DNA editing provided by CRISPR/Cas9 is one of the most promising major advances in the field of gene therapy. However, the development of safe and optimally efficient delivery systems for CRISPR/Cas9 elements capable of achieving specific targeting of gene therapy to the location of interest without off-target effects is a primary challenge for clinical therapeutics. Nanoparticles (NPs) provide a promising means to meet such challenges. In this review, we present the most recent advances in developing innovative NP-based delivery systems that efficiently deliver CRISPR/Cas9 constructs and maximize their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E Givens
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Youssef W Naguib
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Sean M Geary
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Eric J Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA.
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96
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Zhou W, Cui H, Ying L, Yu XF. Enhanced Cytosolic Delivery and Release of CRISPR/Cas9 by Black Phosphorus Nanosheets for Genome Editing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10268-10272. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Interfaces; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Haodong Cui
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Interfaces; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Liming Ying
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Interfaces; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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97
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Zhou W, Cui H, Ying L, Yu XF. Enhanced Cytosolic Delivery and Release of CRISPR/Cas9 by Black Phosphorus Nanosheets for Genome Editing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Interfaces; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Haodong Cui
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Interfaces; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Liming Ying
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Interfaces; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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98
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Zhang D, Wei L, Zhong M, Xiao L, Li HW, Wang J. The morphology and surface charge-dependent cellular uptake efficiency of upconversion nanostructures revealed by single-particle optical microscopy. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5260-5269. [PMID: 29997881 PMCID: PMC6001388 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01828f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular uptake efficiency of nanostructures has been demonstrated to be highly dependent on the surface charge, size and shape although the cellular internalization process is still far from being well-understood. In this work, a series of NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with different morphologies and surface coatings were prepared to explore the influence of surface charge and morphology on the cellular internalization process with single-particle fluorescence microscopy. It is found that the higher the surface charge and larger the surface-to-volume ratio of the nanoparticles, the more efficient the cellular uptake will be. Particularly, the surface charge is demonstrated to be the primary influence factor for small sized nanoparticles on the cellular uptake process. By blocking the endocytosis routes with temperature modulation (from 37 to 4 °C) or introduction of chemical inhibitors (dynasore and genistein), multiplexed mechanisms are found to be involved in the cellular uptake process, including clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, physical adhesion and penetration, and so on. Moreover, in the aspect of size effect, an energy-dependent endocytosis process plays a more important role for larger size particles. In short, this study presents a pattern of cellular internalization pathway for the nanoparticles with different morphologies and surface charges, which would provide useful information for the development of robust drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition , College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin , 300071 , China .
| | - Lin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research , Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Normal University , Changsha , 410082 , China
| | - Meile Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research , Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Normal University , Changsha , 410082 , China
| | - Lehui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition , College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin , 300071 , China .
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research , Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Normal University , Changsha , 410082 , China
| | - Hung-Wing Li
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR , China
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99
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Ganguly P, Breen A, Pillai SC. Toxicity of Nanomaterials: Exposure, Pathways, Assessment, and Recent Advances. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2237-2275. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Ganguly
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Ailish Breen
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Suresh C. Pillai
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
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100
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Zhang Z, Wan T, Chen Y, Chen Y, Sun H, Cao T, Songyang Z, Tang G, Wu C, Ping Y, Xu FJ, Huang J. Cationic Polymer-Mediated CRISPR/Cas9 Plasmid Delivery for Genome Editing. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800068. [PMID: 29708298 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9) represents a major hurdle for successful clinical translation of genome editing tools. Owing to the large size of plasmids that encode Cas9 and single-guide RNA (sgRNA), genome editing efficiency mediated by current delivery carriers is still unsatisfactory to meet the requirement for its real applications. Herein, cationic polymer polyethyleneimine-β-cyclodextrin (PC), known to be efficient for small plasmid transfection, is reported to likewise mediate efficient delivery of plasmid encoding Cas9 and sgRNA. Whereas PC can condense and encapsulate large plasmids at high N/P ratio, the delivery of plasmid results in efficient editing at two genome loci, namely, hemoglobin subunit beta (19.1%) and rhomboid 5 homolog 1 (RHBDF1) (7.0%). Sanger sequencing further confirms the successful genome editing at these loci. This study defines a new strategy for the delivery of the large plasmid encoding Cas9/sgRNA for efficient genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, SYSU-BCM Joint Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Tao Wan
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, SYSU-BCM Joint Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, SYSU-BCM Joint Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Tianqi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, SYSU-BCM Joint Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhou Songyang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, SYSU-BCM Joint Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, School of Life Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Guping Tang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuan Ping
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junjiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, SYSU-BCM Joint Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, School of Life Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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