51
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Asadi K, Amini A, Gholami A. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a bioinspired nanoscale tool toward next-generation cell-free treatment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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52
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Abesekara MS, Chau Y. Recent advances in surface modification of micro- and nano-scale biomaterials with biological membranes and biomolecules. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:972790. [PMID: 36312538 PMCID: PMC9597319 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.972790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface modification of biomaterial can improve its biocompatibility and add new biofunctions, such as targeting specific tissues, communication with cells, and modulation of intracellular trafficking. Here, we summarize the use of various natural materials, namely, cell membrane, exosomes, proteins, peptides, lipids, fatty acids, and polysaccharides as coating materials on micron- and nano-sized particles and droplets with the functions imparted by coating with different materials. We discuss the applicability, operational parameters, and limitation of different coating techniques, from the more conventional approaches such as extrusion and sonication to the latest innovation seen on the microfluidics platform. Methods commonly used in the field to examine the coating, including its composition, physical dimension, stability, fluidity, permeability, and biological functions, are reviewed.
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53
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Ojeda-Hernández DD, Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Reza-Zaldívar EE, Canales-Aguirre A, Matías-Guiu JA, Matías-Guiu J, Mateos-Díaz JC, Gómez-Pinedo U, Sancho-Bielsa F. Exosomes and Biomaterials: In Search of a New Therapeutic Strategy for Multiple Sclerosis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1417. [PMID: 36143453 PMCID: PMC9504193 DOI: 10.3390/life12091417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current efforts to find novel treatments that counteract multiple sclerosis (MS) have pointed toward immunomodulation and remyelination. Currently, cell therapy has shown promising potential to achieve this purpose. However, disadvantages such as poor survival, differentiation, and integration into the target tissue have limited its application. A series of recent studies have focused on the cell secretome, showing it to provide the most benefits of cell therapy. Exosomes are a key component of the cell secretome, participating in the transfer of bioactive molecules. These nano-sized vesicles offer many therapeutical advantages, such as the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier, an enrichable cargo, and a customizable membrane. Moreover, integrating of biomaterials into exosome therapy could lead to new tissue-specific therapeutic strategies. In this work, the use of exosomes and their integration with biomaterials is presented as a novel strategy in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doddy Denise Ojeda-Hernández
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC and Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes A. Hernández-Sapiéns
- Preclinical Evaluation Unit, Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, CIATEJ-CONACyT, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Edwin E. Reza-Zaldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Canales-Aguirre
- Preclinical Evaluation Unit, Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, CIATEJ-CONACyT, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Jordi A. Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC and Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC and Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sancho-Bielsa
- Área de Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, UCLM, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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54
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Extracellular vesicles as an emerging drug delivery system for cancer treatment: Current strategies and recent advances. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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55
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Wang Q, Li T, Yang J, Zhao Z, Tan K, Tang S, Wan M, Mao C. Engineered Exosomes with Independent Module/Cascading Function for Therapy of Parkinson's Disease by Multistep Targeting and Multistage Intervention Method. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201406. [PMID: 35435282 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current exosome engineering methods usually lead to the damage of exosome morphology and membrane, which cannot meet the complex needs of disease treatment. Herein, the concept of an "independent module/cascading function" is proposed to construct an engineered exosome nanotherapy platform including an independent artificial module and a natural module. The artificial module with movement/chemotaxis function is first synthesized, and then it is controllably combined with the natural exosome module with "one by one" mode through a "differentiated" modification method. The whole process can not only maintain the activity of the natural exosome module, but also endows it with motion ability, so as to realize the purpose of "cascading function" in the process of disease treatment. The above engineered exosomes are used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, the multistep targeting strategy of "disease microenvironment-damaged cells-diseased mitochondria" and the multistage intervention concept of "inhibiting deterioration and promoting repair" are proposed, so as to break through the bottleneck of the existing treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ting Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zinan Zhao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kaiyuan Tan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuwan Tang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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56
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Ashraf S, Qadri S, Akbar S, Parray A, Haik Y. Biogenesis of Exosomes Laden with Metallic Silver-Copper Nanoparticles Liaised by Wheat Germ Agglutinin for Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics to Breast Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200005. [PMID: 35398976 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer property of silver-copper metallic nanoparticles (AgCu-NPs) is of greater interest in cancer therapeutics; however, its off-target toxicity limits its therapeutic application. Exosomes emerge as one of the leading idiosyncratic nanocarrier choices for cancer therapeutics due to their size, stability, and phenotypic diversity; however, to encapsulate NPs in extracellular vesicles (EVs) without disrupting their inherited functions is far from the expectations. Here, the loading strategy of AgCu-NP conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (AgCu-NP-WGA) in exosomes during biogenesis for the targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics to breast cancer is reported. Based on the intrinsic mechanism of endocytosis of WGA, results show that internalization of WGA or AgCu-NP-WGA bypasses the lysosomal pathway and recycles in EVs. On the contrary, the transport of naked AgCu-NPs to lysosomes; mechanistically, an acidic environment causes oxidation of AgCu-NP. Next, the analysis of EVs harvested by differential centrifugation shows that only AgCu-NPs-WGA (Exo-NP) retain their metallic state. Furthermore, Exo-NP cytotoxicity results manifest that MCF10A-derived Exo-NPs are toxic to its homologous breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231) and nontoxic to heterologous cancers NC1-1975 and MCF 10A. In conclusion, this study shows the self-assembly of AgCu-NP in exosomes to target and deliver therapeutics for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmadia Ashraf
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education city - Gate 8, Ar-Rayan, Qatar
| | - Shahnaz Qadri
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education city - Gate 8, Ar-Rayan, Qatar
| | - Shayista Akbar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education city - Gate 8, Ar-Rayan, Qatar
| | - Aijaz Parray
- The Stroke Program, The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Medical City, Bldg. 320, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yousef Haik
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Texas A & M University-Kingsville, 700 University Blvd, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA
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Long Noncoding RNAs and Circular RNAs in the Metabolic Reprogramming of Lung Cancer: Functions, Mechanisms, and Clinical Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4802338. [PMID: 35757505 PMCID: PMC9217624 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4802338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As key regulators of gene function, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are generally accepted to be involved in lung cancer pathogenesis and progression. Recent research has clarified the phenomenon of metabolic reprogramming in lung cancer because of its significant role in tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and other malignant biological behaviors. Emerging evidence has also shown a relationship between the aberrant expression of lncRNAs and circRNAs and metabolic reprogramming in lung cancer tumorigenesis. This review provides insight regarding the roles of different lncRNAs and circRNAs in lung cancer metabolic reprogramming, by how they target transporter proteins and key enzymes in glucose, lipid, and glutamine metabolic signaling pathways. The clinical potential of lncRNAs and circRNAs as early diagnostic biomarkers and components of therapeutic strategies in lung cancer is further discussed, including current challenges in their utilization from the bench to the bedside and how to adopt a proper delivery system for their therapeutic use.
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58
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Khosravi N, Pishavar E, Baradaran B, Oroojalian F, Mokhtarzadeh A. Stem cell membrane, stem cell-derived exosomes and hybrid stem cell camouflaged nanoparticles: A promising biomimetic nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics. J Control Release 2022; 348:706-722. [PMID: 35732250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine research has advanced dramatically in recent decades. Nonetheless, traditional nanomedicine faces significant obstacles such as the low concentration of the drug at target sites and accelerated removal of the drug from blood circulation. Various techniques of nanotechnology, including cell membrane coating, have been developed to address these challenges and to improve targeted distribution and redcue cell membrane-mediated immunogenicity. Recently, stem cell (SC) membranes, owing to their immunosuppressive and regenerative properties, have grabbed attention as attractive therapeutic carriers for targeting specific tissues or organs. Bioengineering strategies that combine synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) with SC membranes, because of their homing potential and tumor tropism, have recently received a lot of publicity. Several laboratory experiments and clinical trials have indicated that the benefits of SC-based technologies are mostly related to the effects of SC-derived exosomes (SC-Exos). Exosomes are known as nano-sized extracellular vehicles (EVs) that deliver particular bioactive molecules for cell-to-cell communication. In this regard, SC-derived exosome membranes have recently been employed to improve the therapeutic capability of engineered drug delivery vehicles. Most recently, for further enhancing NPs' functionality, a new coating approach has been offered that combines membranes from two separate cells. These hybrid membrane delivery vehicles have paved the way for the development of biocompatible, high-efficiency, biomimetic NPs with varying hybrid capabilities that can overcome the drawbacks of present NP-based treatment techniques. This review explores stem cell membranes, SC-Exos, and hybrid SC-camouflaged NPs preparation methods and their importance in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Khosravi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Pishavar
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Technologies, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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59
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Chan MH, Chang ZX, Huang CYF, Lee LJ, Liu RS, Hsiao M. Integrated therapy platform of exosomal system: hybrid inorganic/organic nanoparticles with exosomes for cancer treatment. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:352-367. [PMID: 35043812 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00637a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have found that exosomes or extracellular vehicles (EVs) are associated with cancer metastasis, disease progression, diagnosis, and treatment, leading to a rapidly emerging area of exocrine vesicle research. Relying on the superior targeting function and bio-compatibility of exosomes, researchers have been able to deliver drugs to cancer stem cells deep within tumors in mouse models. Despite significant efforts made in this relatively new field of exosome research, progress has been held back by challenges such as inefficient separation methods, difficulties in characterization/tracking, and a lack of specific biomarkers. Therefore, current researches are devoted to combining nanomaterials with exosomes to improve these shortcomings. Adding inorganic/organic nanoparticles such as artificial liposomes and iron oxide can bring more drug options and various fluorescent or magnetic diagnostic possibilities to the exosome system. Moreover, the applications of exosomes need to be further evaluated under actual physiological conditions. This review article highlights the potential of exosome-biomimetic nanoparticles for their use as drug carriers to improve the efficacy of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Xuan Chang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L James Lee
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, Ohio, USA
| | - Ru-Shi Liu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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60
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Sancho‐Albero M, Encinas‐Giménez M, Sebastián V, Pérez E, Luján L, Santamaría J, Martin‐Duque P. Transfer of photothermal nanoparticles using stem cell derived small extracellular vesicles for in vivo treatment of primary and multinodular tumours. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12193. [PMID: 35257503 PMCID: PMC8902660 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main current challenges in oncology are (1) avoiding systemic side effects in therapy, and (2) developing alternative treatment strategies for metastatic tumours. Nanomedicine was assumed to provide answers to these issues, but delivering enough therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) to tumours still remains a huge challenge in nanomaterials-based treatments. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in cell communication processes and can be combined with nanomaterials to improve their targeting capabilities. In this work, we leverage the ability of EVs derived from stem cells to reach tumour areas successfully, being used as delivery vehicles for nanoparticles acting as hyperthermia agents. Once small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) loaded with NIR-sensitive hollow gold NPs reached primary subcutaneous solid tumours, they were irradiated with a NIR laser and almost complete tumour remission was obtained. More interestingly, those sEV vehicles were also able to reach multinodular areas similar to those on advanced metastatic phases, eradicating most tumour growth regions in multiple cancerous nodules located in the pancreas region.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sancho‐Albero
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)CSIC‐Universidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental TechnologiesUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)MadridSpain
- Present address:
Department of Molecular Biochemistry and PharmacologyInstituto di Richerche Farmachologiche Mario Negri IRCCS 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Miguel Encinas‐Giménez
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)CSIC‐Universidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental TechnologiesUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)MadridSpain
| | - Victor Sebastián
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)CSIC‐Universidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental TechnologiesUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)MadridSpain
| | - Estela Pérez
- Department of Animal PathologyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Lluís Luján
- Department of Animal PathologyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2)University of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)CSIC‐Universidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental TechnologiesUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)MadridSpain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud /IIS AragónZaragozaSpain
| | - Pilar Martin‐Duque
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud /IIS AragónZaragozaSpain
- Fundación AraidZaragozaSpain
- Present address:
Department of SurgeryUniversity of Zaragoza Medical School, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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61
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Zhang F, Guo J, Zhang Z, Duan M, Wang G, Qian Y, Zhao H, Yang Z, Jiang X. Application of engineered extracellular vesicles for targeted tumor therapy. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:14. [PMID: 35189894 PMCID: PMC8862579 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, could release extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs contain many cellular components, including RNA, and surface proteins, and are essential for maintaining normal intercellular communication and homeostasis of the internal environment. EVs released from different tissues and cells exhibit excellent properties and functions (e.g., targeting specificity, regulatory ability, physical durability, and immunogenicity), rendering them a potential new option for drug delivery and precision therapy. EVs have been demonstrated to transport antitumor drugs for tumor therapy; additionally, EVs' contents and surface substance can be altered to improve their therapeutic efficacy in the clinic by boosting targeting potential and drug delivery effectiveness. EVs can regulate immune system function by affecting the tumor microenvironment, thereby inhibiting tumor progression. Co-delivery systems for EVs can be utilized to further improve the drug delivery efficiency of EVs, including hydrogels and liposomes. In this review, we discuss the isolation technologies of EVs, as well as engineering approaches to their modification. Moreover, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of EVs in tumors, including engineered extracellular vesicles and EVs' co-delivery systems. Technologies such as microfluidics can improve EVs isolation efficiency. Engineering technologies can improve EVs drug loading efficiency and tumor targeting. EVs-based drug co-delivery systems are being developed, such as those with liposomes and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinshuai Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenghou Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meiqi Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiping Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Ferreira D, Moreira JN, Rodrigues LR. New Advances in Exosome-based Targeted Drug Delivery Systems. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 172:103628. [PMID: 35189326 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, various drug nano-delivery platforms have emerged to enhance drug effectiveness in cancer treatment. However, their successful translation to clinics have been hampered by unwanted side effects, as well as associated toxicity. Therefore, there is an imperative need for drug delivery vehicles capable of surpassing cellular barriers and also efficiently transfer therapeutic payloads to tumor cells. Exosomes, a class of small extracellular vesicles naturally released from all cells, have been exploited as a favorable delivery vehicle due to their natural role in intracellular communication and biocompatibility. In this review, information on exosome biogenesis, contents, forms of isolation and their natural functions is discussed, further complemented with the various successful methodologies for therapeutic payloads encapsulation, including distinct loading approaches. In addition, grafting of molecules to improve pharmacokinetics, tumor homing-ligands, as well as stimuli-responsive elements to enhance cell specificity are also debated. In the end, the current status of clinical-grade exosome-based therapies is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Ferreira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra - University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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63
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Lee J, Lee JH, Chakraborty K, Hwang J, Lee YK. Exosome-based drug delivery systems and their therapeutic applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18475-18492. [PMID: 35799926 PMCID: PMC9218984 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02351b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, scientists have actively worked on developing effective drug delivery systems (DDSs) as means to control life-threatening diseases and challenging illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewook Lee
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute (National Key Technology Institute in University), Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chung-Buk, 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Heon Lee
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute (National Key Technology Institute in University), Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chung-Buk, 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Kushal Chakraborty
- Department of IT and Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Chung-Buk 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hwang
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute (National Key Technology Institute in University), Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chung-Buk, 27909, Republic of Korea
- Department of Aeronautical & Mechanical Design Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Chung-Buk 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyu Lee
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute (National Key Technology Institute in University), Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chung-Buk, 27909, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Chung-Buk 27469, Republic of Korea
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64
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Limongi T, Susa F, Marini M, Allione M, Torre B, Pisano R, di Fabrizio E. Lipid-Based Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3391. [PMID: 34947740 PMCID: PMC8707227 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In designing a new drug, considering the preferred route of administration, various requirements must be fulfilled. Active molecules pharmacokinetics should be reliable with a valuable drug profile as well as well-tolerated. Over the past 20 years, nanotechnologies have provided alternative and complementary solutions to those of an exclusively pharmaceutical chemical nature since scientists and clinicians invested in the optimization of materials and methods capable of regulating effective drug delivery at the nanometer scale. Among the many drug delivery carriers, lipid nano vesicular ones successfully support clinical candidates approaching such problems as insolubility, biodegradation, and difficulty in overcoming the skin and biological barriers such as the blood-brain one. In this review, the authors discussed the structure, the biochemical composition, and the drug delivery applications of lipid nanovesicular carriers, namely, niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes, phytosomes, catanionic vesicles, and extracellular vesicles.
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65
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Zhu M, Li S, Li S, Wang H, Xu J, Wang Y, Liang G. Strategies for Engineering Exosomes and Their Applications in Drug Delivery. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:2271-2297. [PMID: 34974854 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are representative of a promising vehicle for delivery of biomolecules. Despite their discovery nearly 40 years, knowledge of exosomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the role they play in etiology of disease and normal cellular physiology remains in its infancy. EVs are produced in almost all cells, containing nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins delivered from donor cells to recipient cells. Consequently, they act as mediators of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Recent studies have shown that, exosomes are associated with numerous physiological and pathological processes as a small subset of EVs, and they play a significant role in disease progression and treatment. In this review, we discuss several key questions: what are exosomes, why do they matter, and how do we repurpose them in their strategies and applications in drug delivery systems. In addition, opportunities and challenges of exosome-based theranostics are also described and directions for future research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Sanqiang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yili Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
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66
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Wang Y, Wang W, Kong F, Zhang Q, Xiao J, Zhang Y, Yan B. Tango of dual nanoparticles: Interplays between exosomes and nanomedicine. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 7:e10269. [PMID: 35600647 PMCID: PMC9115704 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles released from cells as a mechanism of intracellular communication. Containing information molecules of their parental cells and inclining to fuse with targeted cells, exosomes are valuable in disease diagnosis and drug delivery. The realization of their clinic applications still faces difficulties, such as lacking technologies for fast purification and functional reading. The advancement of nanotechnology in recent decades makes it promising to overcome these difficulties. In this article, we summarized recent progress in utilizing the physiochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance exosome purification and detection sensitivity or to derive novel technologies. We also discussed the valuable applications of exosomes in NPs‐based drug delivery. Till now most studies in these fields are still at the laboratory research stage. Translation of these bench works into clinic applications still has a long way to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science Jinan China
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science Jinan China
| | - Wenzhen Wang
- The Secondary Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science Jinan China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Jiaqi Xiao
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science Jinan China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Rutgers State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
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67
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Chen H, Wang L, Zeng X, Schwarz H, Nanda HS, Peng X, Zhou Y. Exosomes, a New Star for Targeted Delivery. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:751079. [PMID: 34692704 PMCID: PMC8531489 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.751079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-secreted nanoparticles (generally with a size of 30–150 nm) bearing numerous biological molecules including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, which are thought to play important roles in intercellular communication. As carriers, exosomes hold promise as advanced platforms for targeted drug/gene delivery, owing to their unique properties, such as innate stability, low immunogenicity and excellent tissue/cell penetration capacity. However, their practical applications can be limited due to insufficient targeting ability or low efficacy in some cases. In order to overcome these existing challenges, various approaches have been applied to engineer cell-derived exosomes for a higher selectivity and effectiveness. This review presents the state-of-the-art designs and applications of advanced exosome-based systems for targeted cargo delivery. By discussing experts’ opinions, we hope this review will inspire the researchers in this field to develop more practical exosomal delivery systems for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinling Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Herbert Schwarz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM-Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
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Peswani Sajnani SL, Zhang Y, Vllasaliu D. Exosome-based therapies for mucosal delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121087. [PMID: 34530100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular nanovesicles secreted by most cells and found in multiple sources, including bodily fluids, plants, fruit, and bovine milk. They play an important role as mediators of intercellular communication, having a distinct ability to carry small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids to recipient cells over large distances. Moreover, competency in crossing usually poorly permeable biological barriers has led to their promising use in diagnostics and in therapeutics, either as therapeutic entities on their own or as drug delivery vehicles, with superior stability, biocompatibility, circulation time and target specificity in comparison to conventional drug delivery systems. The aim of this review is to summarise and critically discuss the current literature on the use of exosomes in a therapeutic setting, with a particular focus on their use as drug delivery vehicles for mucosal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Lekhraj Peswani Sajnani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH London, United Kingdom.
| | - Yunyue Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH London, United Kingdom.
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH London, United Kingdom.
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Sharma S, Masud MK, Kaneti YV, Rewatkar P, Koradia A, Hossain MSA, Yamauchi Y, Popat A, Salomon C. Extracellular Vesicle Nanoarchitectonics for Novel Drug Delivery Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102220. [PMID: 34216426 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can transfer intercellular messages in various (patho)physiological processes and transport biomolecules to recipient cells. EVs possess the capacity to evade the immune system and remain stable over long periods, identifying them as natural carriers for drugs and biologics. However, the challenges associated with EVs isolation, heterogeneity, coexistence with homologous biomolecules, and lack of site-specific delivery, have impeded their potential. In recent years, the amalgamation of EVs with rationally engineered nanostructures has been proposed for achieving effective drug loading and site-specific delivery. With the advancement of nanotechnology and nanoarchitectonics, different nanostructures with tunable size, shapes, and surface properties can be integrated with EVs for drug loading, target binding, efficient delivery, and therapeutics. Such integration may enable improved cellular targeting and the protection of encapsulated drugs for enhanced and specific delivery to target cells. This review summarizes the recent development of nanostructure amalgamated EVs for drug delivery, therapeutics, and real-time monitoring of disease progression. With a specific focus on the exosomal cargo, diverse drug delivery system, and biomimetic nanostructures based on EVs for selective drug delivery, this review also chronicles the needs and challenges of EV-based biomimetic nanostructures and provides a future outlook on the strategies posed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna Sharma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane City, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Mostafa Kamal Masud
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Yusuf Valentino Kaneti
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Prarthana Rewatkar
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Aayushi Koradia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Md Shahriar A Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane City, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
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Kučuk N, Primožič M, Knez Ž, Leitgeb M. Exosomes Engineering and Their Roles as Therapy Delivery Tools, Therapeutic Targets, and Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9543. [PMID: 34502452 PMCID: PMC8431173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are becoming increasingly important therapeutic biomaterials for use in a variety of therapeutic applications due to their unique characteristics, especially due to the ineffectiveness and cytotoxicity of some existing therapies and synthetic therapeutic nanocarriers. They are highly promising as carriers of drugs, genes, and other therapeutic agents that can be incorporated into their interior or onto their surface through various modification techniques to improve their targeting abilities. In addition, they are biocompatible, safe, and stable. The review focuses on different types of exosomes and methods of their preparation, including the incorporation of different kinds of cargo, especially for drug delivery purposes. In particular, their importance and effectiveness as delivery vehicles of various therapeutic agents for a variety of therapeutic applications, including different diseases and disorders such as cancer treatment, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, are emphasized. Administration routes of exosomes into the body are also included. A novelty in the article is the emphasis on global companies that are already successfully developing and testing such therapeutic biomaterials, with a focus on the most influential ones. Moreover, a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of exosome production is summarized for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Kučuk
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.P.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Mateja Primožič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.P.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Željko Knez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.P.); (Ž.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maja Leitgeb
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.P.); (Ž.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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71
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Fang WH, Agrawal DK, Thankam FG. "Smart Exosomes": A Smart Approach for Tendon Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:613-625. [PMID: 34074136 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Shoulder tendon injuries are the common musculoskeletal disorder resulting in significant pain and disability. These injuries are characterized by chronic inflammation and tissue degeneration. Tendon pathology exhibits poor innate healing ability, enhanced inflammation, disorganized collagen fibers, calcification, and scar tissue formation affecting the normal healing process. Extracellular vesicle, especially exosomes, treatment has been emerging as a potential regenerative strategy improving the outcomes and biomechanical properties, accelerating tenocyte proliferation and migration, reducing inflammation, and facilitating the healing at tendon-bone interface. In this article, we critically reviewed the potential role of exosomes in tendon regeneration and their applications to accelerate the healing response following injury. In addition, the article provides novel insights on the concept of "Smart Exosomes" by programming/manipulating the secretome contents and functions of exosomes in the management of shoulder tendon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Fang
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
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72
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Liu X, Zhong X, Li C. Challenges in cell membrane-camouflaged drug delivery systems: Development strategies and future prospects. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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73
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Feng J, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Gu C, Waqas A, Chen L. Emerging Exosomes and Exosomal MiRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703989. [PMID: 34307384 PMCID: PMC8299525 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious traumatic event to the spinal cord with considerable morbidity and mortality. This injury leads to short- and long-term variations in the spinal cord, and can have a serious effect on the patient's sensory, motor, or autonomic functions. Due to the complicated pathological process of SCI, there is currently no successful clinical treatment strategy. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a double-layer membrane structure of 30-150 nm diameter, have recently been considered as critical mediators for communication between cells and tissues by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Further studies verified that exosomes participate in the pathophysiological process of several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, and could have a significant impact in their treatment. As natural carriers of biologically active cargos, exosomes have emerged as pathological mediators of SCI. In this review article, we critically discuss the functions of exosomes as intracellular mediators and potential treatments in SCI and provide an outlook on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Rankin-Turner S, Vader P, O'Driscoll L, Giebel B, Heaney LM, Davies OG. A call for the standardised reporting of factors affecting the exogenous loading of extracellular vesicles with therapeutic cargos. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:479-491. [PMID: 33862168 PMCID: PMC8191593 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex nanoparticles required for the intercellular transfer of diverse biological cargoes. Unlike synthetic nanoparticles, EVs may provide a natural platform for the enhanced targeting and functional transfer of therapeutics across complex and often impenetrable biological boundaries (e.g. the blood-brain barrier or the matrix of densely organised tumours). Consequently, there is considerable interest in utilising EVs as advanced drug delivery systems for the treatment of a range of challenging pathologies. Within the past decade, efforts have focused on providing standard minimal requirements for conducting basic EV research. However, no standard reporting framework has been established governing the therapeutic loading of EVs for drug delivery applications. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate progress in the field, providing an initial set of guidelines that can be applied as a benchmark to enhance reproducibility and increase the likelihood of translational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Pieter Vader
- CDL Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraβe 179, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Liam M Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Owen G Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
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Sun Z, Yang J, Li H, Wang C, Fletcher C, Li J, Zhan Y, Du L, Wang F, Jiang Y. Progress in the research of nanomaterial-based exosome bioanalysis and exosome-based nanomaterials tumor therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120873. [PMID: 33989972 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes and their internal components have been proven to play critical roles in cell-cell interactions and intrinsic cellular regulations, showing promising prospects in both biomedical and clinical fields. Although conventional methods have so far been utilized to great effect, accurate bioanalysis remains a major challenge. In recent years, the fast-paced development of nanomaterials with unique physiochemical properties has led to a boom in the potential bioapplications of such materials. In particular, the application of nanomaterials in exosome bioanalysis provides a great opportunity to overcome the current challenges and limitations of conventional methods. A timely review of the research progress in this field is thus of great significance to the continued development of new methods. This review outlines the properties and potential uses of exosomes, and discusses the conventional methods currently used for their analysis. We then focus on exploring the current state of the art regarding the use of nanomaterials for the isolation, detection and even the subsequent profiling of exosomes. The main methods are based on principles including fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, colorimetry, electrochemistry, and surface plasmon resonance. Additionally, research on exosome-based nanomaterials tumor therapy is also promising from a clinical perspective, so the research progress in this branch is also summarized. Finally, we look at ways in which the field might develop in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Cameron Fletcher
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China.
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Zhang X, Zhang H, Gu J, Zhang J, Shi H, Qian H, Wang D, Xu W, Pan J, Santos HA. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005709. [PMID: 33644908 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel cell-free strategy for the treatment of many diseases including cancer. As a result of their natural properties to mediate cell-to-cell communication and their high physiochemical stability and biocompatibility, EVs are considered as excellent delivery vehicles for a variety of therapeutic agents such as nucleic acids and proteins, drugs, and nanomaterials. Increasing studies have shown that EVs can be modified, engineered, or designed to improve their efficiency, specificity, and safety for cancer therapy. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the strategies and methodologies of engineering EVs for scalable production and improved cargo-loading and tumor-targeting is provided. Additionally, the potential applications of engineered EVs in cancer therapy are discussed by presenting prominent examples, and the opportunities and challenges for translating engineered EVs into clinical practice are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, 226361, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P. R. China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
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Gaurav I, Thakur A, Iyaswamy A, Wang X, Chen X, Yang Z. Factors Affecting Extracellular Vesicles Based Drug Delivery Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061544. [PMID: 33799765 PMCID: PMC7999478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play major roles in intracellular communication and participate in several biological functions in both normal and pathological conditions. Surface modification of EVs via various ligands, such as proteins, peptides, or aptamers, offers great potential as a means to achieve targeted delivery of therapeutic cargo, i.e., in drug delivery systems (DDS). This review summarizes recent studies pertaining to the development of EV-based DDS and its advantages compared to conventional nano drug delivery systems (NDDS). First, we compare liposomes and exosomes in terms of their distinct benefits in DDS. Second, we analyze what to consider for achieving better isolation, yield, and characterization of EVs for DDS. Third, we summarize different methods for the modification of surface of EVs, followed by discussion about different origins of EVs and their role in developing DDS. Next, several major methods for encapsulating therapeutic cargos in EVs have been summarized. Finally, we discuss key challenges and pose important open questions which warrant further investigation to develop more effective EV-based DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Gaurav
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (A.I.); (X.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation-CAS Limited, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (A.I.); (X.W.); (X.C.)
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuehan Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (A.I.); (X.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (A.I.); (X.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (A.I.); (X.W.); (X.C.)
- Changshu Research Institute, Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3411-2961
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78
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Ibarra LE. Cellular Trojan horses for delivery of nanomedicines to brain tumors: where do we stand and what is next? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:517-522. [PMID: 33634710 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Exequiel Ibarra
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Córdoba 5800, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto, Córdoba 5800, Argentina
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79
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Barjesteh T, Mansur S, Bao Y. Inorganic Nanoparticle-Loaded Exosomes for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:1135. [PMID: 33672706 PMCID: PMC7924372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are intrinsic cell-derived membrane vesicles in the size range of 40-100 nm, serving as great biomimetic nanocarriers for biomedical applications. These nanocarriers are known to bypass biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, with great potential in treating brain diseases. Exosomes are also shown to be closely associated with cancer metastasis, making them great candidates for tumor targeting. However, the clinical translation of exosomes are facing certain critical challenges, such as reproducible production and in vivo tracking of their localization, distribution, and ultimate fate. Recently, inorganic nanoparticle-loaded exosomes have been shown great benefits in addressing these issues. In this review article, we will discuss the preparation methods of inorganic nanoparticle-loaded exosomes, and their applications in bioimaging and therapy. In addition, we will briefly discuss their potentials in exosome purification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuping Bao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (T.B.); (S.M.)
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Ou YH, Liang J, Czarny B, Wacker MG, Yu V, Wang JW, Pastorin G. Extracellular Vesicle (EV) biohybrid systems for cancer therapy: Recent advances and future perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 74:45-61. [PMID: 33609664 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of cell-derived lipid-bilayer membrane vesicles secreted by almost all mammalian cells and involved in intercellular communication by shuttling various biological cargoes. Over the last decade, EVs - namely exosomes and microvesicles - have been extensively explored as next-generation nanoscale drug delivery systems (DDSs). This is in large due to their endogenous origin, which enables EVs to circumvent some of the limitations associated with existing cancer therapy approaches (i.e. by preventing recognition by the immune system and improving selectivity towards tumor tissue). However, successful translation of these cell-derived vesicles into clinical applications has been hindered by several factors, among which the loading of exogenous therapeutic molecules still represents a great challenge. In order to address this issue and to further advance these biologically-derived systems as drug carriers, EV-biohybrid nano-DDSs, obtained through the fusion of EVs with conventional synthetic nano-DDSs, have recently been proposed as a valuable alternative as DDSs. Building on the idea of "combining the best of both worlds", a combination of these two unique entities aims to harness the beneficial properties associated with both EVs and conventional nano-DDSs, while overcoming the flaws of the individual components. These biohybrid systems also provide a unique opportunity for exploitation of new synergisms, often leading to improved therapeutic outcomes, thus paving the way for advancements in cancer therapy. This review aims to describe the recent developments of EV-biohybrid nano-DDSs in cancer therapy, to highlight the most promising results and breakthroughs, as well as to provide a glimpse on the possible intrinsic targeting mechanisms of EVs that can be bequeathed to their hybrid systems. Finally, we also provide some insights in the future perspectives of EV-hybrid DDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Ou
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bertrand Czarny
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Victor Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Ma Y, Dong S, Li X, Kim BYS, Yang Z, Jiang W. Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Nanoplatform for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606906. [PMID: 33628730 PMCID: PMC7897670 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane particles that represent an endogenous mechanism for cell-to-cell communication. Since discovering that EVs have multiple advantages over currently available delivery platforms, such as their ability to overcome natural barriers, intrinsic cell targeting properties, and circulation stability, the potential use of EVs as therapeutic nanoplatforms for cancer studies has attracted considerable interest. To fully elucidate EVs' therapeutic function for treating cancer, all current knowledge about cellular uptake and trafficking of EVs will be initially reviewed. In order to further improve EVs as anticancer therapeutics, engineering strategies for cancer therapy have been widely explored in the last decade, along with other cancer therapies. However, therapeutic applications of EVs as drug delivery systems have been limited because of immunological concerns, lack of methods to scale EV production, and efficient drug loading. We will review and discuss recent progress and remaining challenges in developing EVs as a delivery nanoplatform for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shiyan Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Chen Y, Li Z, Chen X, Zhang S. Long non-coding RNAs: From disease code to drug role. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:340-354. [PMID: 33643816 PMCID: PMC7893121 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enormous studies have corroborated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) extensively participate in crucial physiological processes such as metabolism and immunity, and are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors, cardiovascular diseases, nervous system disorders, nephropathy, and other diseases. The application of lncRNAs as biomarkers or intervention targets can provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This paper has focused on the emerging research into lncRNAs as pharmacological targets and has reviewed the transition of lncRNAs from the role of disease coding to acting as drug candidates, including the current status and progress in preclinical research. Cutting-edge strategies for lncRNA modulation have been summarized, including the sources of lncRNA-related drugs, such as genetic technology and small-molecule compounds, and related delivery methods. The current progress of clinical trials of lncRNA-targeting drugs is also discussed. This information will form a latest updated reference for research and development of lncRNA-based drugs.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ANRIL, antisense noncoding RNA gene at the INK4 locus
- ASO, antisense oligonucleotide
- ASncmtRNA
- ASncmtRNA, antisense noncoding mitochondrial RNA
- BCAR4, breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 4
- BDNF-AS, brain-derived neurotrophic factor antisense
- CASC9, cancer susceptibility candidate 9
- CDK, cyclin dependent kinase 1
- CHRF, cardiac hypertrophy related factor
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- Clinical trials
- DACH1, dachshund homolog 1
- DANCR, differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA
- DKD, diabetic kidney disease
- DPF, diphenyl furan
- Delivery
- EBF3-AS, early B cell factor 3-antisense
- ENE, element for nuclear expression
- Erbb4-IR, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4-immunoreactivity
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GAS5, growth arrest specific 5
- Gene therapy
- HISLA, HIF-1α-stabilizing long noncoding RNA
- HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA
- HULC, highly upregulated in liver cancer
- LIPCAR, long intergenic noncoding RNA predicting cardiac remodeling
- LNAs, locked nucleic acids
- LncRNAs
- MALAT1, metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
- MEG3, maternally expressed gene 3
- MHRT, myosin heavy chain associated RNA transcripts
- MM, multiple myeloma
- NEAT1, nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1
- NKILA, NF-kappaB interacting lncRNA
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Norad, non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage
- OIP5-AS1, opa-interacting protein 5 antisense transcript 1
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PNAs, peptide nucleic acids
- PTO, phosphorothioate
- PVT1, plasmacytoma variant translocation 1
- RGD, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide
- RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex
- SALRNA1, senescence associated long non-coding RNA 1
- SNHG1, small nucleolar RNA host gene 1
- Small molecules
- SncmtRNA, sense noncoding mitochondrial RNA
- THRIL, TNF and HNRNPL related immunoregulatory
- TTTY15, testis-specific transcript, Y-linked 15
- TUG1, taurine-upregulated gene 1
- TWIST1, twist family BHLH transcription factor 1
- Targeted drug
- TncRNA, trophoblast-derived noncoding RNA
- Translational medicine
- UCA1, urothelial carcinoma-associated 1
- UTF1, undifferentiated transcription factor 1
- XIST, X-inactive specific transcript
- lincRNA-p21, long intergenic noncoding RNA p21
- lncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs
- mtlncRNA, mitochondrial long noncoding RNA
- pHLIP, pH-low insertion peptide
- sgRNA, single guide RNA
- siRNAs, small interfering RNAs
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Guarino-Hotz M, Zhang JZ. Structural control and biomedical applications of plasmonic hollow gold nanospheres: A mini review. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1694. [PMID: 33501780 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) are core/shell structures with a dielectric material core, usually composed of solvent, and a gold metal shell. Such structures have two metal/dielectric interfaces to allow interaction between the gold metal with the interior and external dielectric environment. Upon illumination by light, HGNs exhibit unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties compared to solid gold nanoparticles. Their SPR absorption/scattering can be tuned by changing their diameter, shell thicknesses, and surface morphologies. In addition to the low toxicity, easy functionalization, resistance to photobleaching, and sensitivity to changes in surrounding medium of gold, the enhanced surface-to-volume ratio and tunable SPR of HGNs make them highly attractive for different applications in the fields of sensing, therapy, and theranostics. In this article, we review recent progress on the synthesis and structural control of HGNs and applications of their SPR properties in biomedical sensing and theranostics. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > in vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Guarino-Hotz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Jin Z Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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85
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Fathi
- Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Lang Rao
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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86
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Hao N, Pei Z, Liu P, Bachman H, Naquin TD, Zhang P, Zhang J, Shen L, Yang S, Yang K, Zhao S, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidics-Assisted Fluorescence-SERS Bimodal Biosensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2005179. [PMID: 33174375 PMCID: PMC7902458 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidics, the fusion of acoustics and microfluidic techniques, has recently seen increased research attention across multiple disciplines due in part to its capabilities in contactless, biocompatible, and precise manipulation of micro-/nano-objects. Herein, a bimodal signal amplification platform which relies on acoustofluidics-induced enrichment of nanoparticles is introduced. The dual-function biosensor can perform sensitive immunofluorescent or surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection. The platform functions by using surface acoustic waves to concentrate nanoparticles at either the center or perimeter of a glass capillary; the concentration location is adjusted simply by varying the input frequency. The immunofluorescence assay is achieved by concentrating fluorescent analytes and functionalized nanoparticles at the center of the microchannel, thereby improving the visibility of the fluorescent output. By modifying the inner wall of the glass capillary with plasmonic Ag nanoparticle-deposited ZnO nanorod arrays and focusing analytes toward the perimeter of the microchannel, SERS sensing using the same device setup is achieved. Nanosized exosomes are used as a proof-of-concept to validate the performance of the acoustofluidic bimodal biosensor. With its sample-enrichment functionality, bimodal sensing, short processing time, and minute sample consumption, the acoustofluidic chip holds great potential for the development of lab-on-a-chip based analysis systems in many real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ty Downing Naquin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kaichun Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Sebastian V, Sancho-Albero M, Arruebo M, Pérez-López AM, Rubio-Ruiz B, Martin-Duque P, Unciti-Broceta A, Santamaría J. Nondestructive production of exosomes loaded with ultrathin palladium nanosheets for targeted bio-orthogonal catalysis. Nat Protoc 2020; 16:131-163. [PMID: 33247282 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of exosomes as selective delivery vehicles of therapeutic agents, such as drugs or hyperthermia-capable nanoparticles, is being intensely investigated on account of their preferential tropism toward their parental cells. However, the methods used to introduce a therapeutic load inside exosomes often involve disruption of their membrane, which may jeopardize their targeting capabilities, attributed to their surface integrins. On the other hand, in recent years bio-orthogonal catalysis has emerged as a new tool with a myriad of potential applications in medicine. These bio-orthogonal processes, often based on Pd-catalyzed chemistry, would benefit from systems capable of delivering the catalyst to target cells. It is therefore highly attractive to combine the targeting capabilities of exosomes and the bio-orthogonal potential of Pd nanoparticles to create new therapeutic vectors. In this protocol, we provide detailed information on an efficient procedure to achieve a high load of catalytically active Pd nanosheets inside exosomes, without disrupting their membranes. The protocol involves a multistage process in which exosomes are first harvested, subjected to impregnation with a Pd salt precursor followed by a mild reduction process using gas-phase CO, which acts as both a reducing and growth-directing agent to produce the desired nanosheets. The technology is scalable, and the protocol can be conducted by any researcher having basic biology and chemistry skills in ~3 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sebastian
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Sancho-Albero
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Pérez-López
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institut für Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Belén Rubio-Ruiz
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO) and Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Martin-Duque
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud-Fundación Araid/IIS Aragón, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Aragón, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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88
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Shu L, Fu F, Huang Z, Huang Y, Hu P, Pan X. Nanostructure of DiR-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles with Potential Bioimaging Functions. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:321. [PMID: 33200271 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluorescence dye-loaded nanoparticles are widely used as bioimaging agents in the field of nanotheranostics. However, the nanoparticles for nanotheranostics usually consist of synthetic materials, such as metal, silica, and organic polymers, which are often biologically incompatible and may arouse toxicity issues. Herein, the potential of near-infrared probe DiR-containing solid lipid nanoparticle suspensions (DiR-SLNS) as the bioimaging agent, which was prepared by lipids and surfactants with excellent biocompatibility, was investigated in this study. The nanostructure of DIR-SLNS system and the distribution of DiR were studied by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. The stability of physicochemical properties and fluorescence spectra of DIR-SLNS system were investigated using dynamic laser scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence intensity-concentration correlation of DIR-SLNS was also evaluated. As a result, DiR-SLNS demonstrated a "core-shell"-like nanostructure and DiR was mainly distributed in the cetyl palmitate (CP) core rather than the surface of SLNS, which was beneficial to its potential applications in bioimaging. DiR-SLNS exhibited remarkable physicochemical stability as the nanoparticles maintained ~ 90% fluorescence intensity during the 10-day storage time. The correlation between fluorescence intensity and concentration was established and validated using a linear regression model. This study proposed a type of promising candidates in nano-scale with higher safety and fluorescence stability for bioimaging.
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89
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Lorenc T, Chrzanowski J, Olejarz W. Current Perspectives on Clinical Use of Exosomes as a Personalized Contrast Media and Theranostics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3386. [PMID: 33207614 PMCID: PMC7698051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An appropriate combination of biomarkers and imaging technologies will become standard practice in the future. Because the incidence of and mortality from cancers is rising, the further study of new approaches for the early detection and precise characterization of tumors is essential. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, prove to have great potential when it comes to diagnosis and targeted therapy. Due to their natural ability to pass through biological barriers, depending on their origin, EVs can accumulate at defined sites, including tumors, preferentially. This manuscript discusses the difficulties and simplicities of processing cell-derived materials, packaging diverse groups of agents in EVs, and activating the biological complex. Developing exosome-based diagnostic techniques to detect disease precisely and early as well as treat disease marks a new era of personalized radiology and nuclear medicine. As circulating drug delivery vehicles for novel therapeutic modalities, EVs offer a new platform for cancer theranostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Lorenc
- Ist Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chalubinskiego Street, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julian Chrzanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.C.); (W.O.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.C.); (W.O.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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90
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Wu P, Zhang B, Ocansey DKW, Xu W, Qian H. Extracellular vesicles: A bright star of nanomedicine. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120467. [PMID: 33189359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have unique structural, compositional, and morphological characteristics as well as predominant physiochemical stability and biocompatibility properties. They play a crucial role in pathophysiological regulation, and also have broad prospects for clinical application in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of disease, and tissue regeneration and repair. Herein, the biosynthesis and physiological functions and current methods for separation and identification of EVs are summarized. Specifically, engineered EVs may be used to enhance targeted therapy in cancer and repair damaged tissues, and they may be developed as an individualized imaging diagnostic reagent, among other potential applications. We will focus on reviewing recent studies on engineered EVs in which alterations enhanced their therapeutic capability or diagnostic imaging potential via physical, chemical, and biological modification approaches. This review will clarify the superior biological functions and powerful therapeutic potential of EVs, particularly with regard to new designs based on EVs and their utilization in a new generation of nanomedicine diagnosis and treatment platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wu
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China; Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hui Qian
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China; Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, PR China.
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91
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Cabeza L, Perazzoli G, Peña M, Cepero A, Luque C, Melguizo C, Prados J. Cancer therapy based on extracellular vesicles as drug delivery vehicles. J Control Release 2020; 327:296-315. [PMID: 32814093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles of nanometric size secreted by cells to communicate with other cells, either nearby or remotely. Their physicochemical properties make them a promising nanomedicine for drug transport and release in cancer therapy. In this review, we present the different types and biogenesis of EVs and highlight the importance of adequately selecting the cell of origin in cancer therapy. Furthermore, the main methodologies followed for the isolation of EVs and drug loading, as well as the modification and functionalization of these vesicles to generate EV-based nanocarriers are discussed. Finally, we review some of the main studies using drug-loaded exosomes in tumor therapy both in in vitro and in vivo models (even in resistant tumors). These investigations show promising results, achieving significant improvement in the antitumor effect of drugs in most cases. However, the number of clinical trials and patents based on these nanoformulations is still low, thus further research is still warranted in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cabeza
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Perazzoli
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Peña
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Cepero
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Luque
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Consolacion Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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92
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Ibarra LE, Beaugé L, Arias-Ramos N, Rivarola VA, Chesta CA, López-Larrubia P, Palacios RE. Trojan horse monocyte-mediated delivery of conjugated polymer nanoparticles for improved photodynamic therapy of glioblastoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1687-1707. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess monocyte-based delivery of conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) for improved photodynamic therapy (PDT) in glioblastoma (GBM). Materials & methods: Human monocyte cells (THP-1) and murine monocytes isolated from bone marrow (mBMDMs) were employed as stealth CPN carriers to penetrate into GBM spheroids and an orthotopic model of the tumor. The success of PDT, using this cell-mediated targeting strategy, was determined by its effect on the spheroids. Results: CPNs did not affect monocyte viability in the absence of light and did not show nonspecific release after cell loading. Activated monocytes incorporated CPNs in a higher proportion than monocytes in their naive state, without a loss of cellular functionality. In vitro PDT efficacy using cell-mediated delivery was superior to that using non vehiculized CPNs. Conclusion: CPN-loaded monocytes could efficiently deliver CPNs into GBM spheroids and the orthotopic model. Improved PDT in spheroids was confirmed using this delivery strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Ibarra
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucía Beaugé
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nuria Arias-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, 28029, España
| | - Viviana A Rivarola
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Chesta
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) y CONICET, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pilar López-Larrubia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, 28029, España
| | - Rodrigo E Palacios
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) y CONICET, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
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93
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Nazimek K, Bryniarski K. Perspectives in Manipulating EVs for Therapeutic Applications: Focus on Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134623. [PMID: 32610582 PMCID: PMC7369858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) receive special attention from oncologists due to their assumed usefulness as prognostic markers, vaccines to induce anti-cancer immune response, and physiological delivery tools. The latter application, which supports the reduction of side effects of treatment, is still fraught with many challenges, including established methods for loading EVs with selected cargo and directing them towards target cells. EVs could be loaded with selected cargo either in vitro using several physicochemical techniques, or in vivo by modification of parental cell, which may have an advantage over in vitro procedures, since some of them significantly influence EVs’ properties. Otherwise, our research findings suggest that EVs could be passively supplemented with micro RNAs (miRNAs) or miRNA antagonists to induce expected biological effect. Furthermore, our observations imply that antigen-specific antibody light chains could coat the surface of EVs to increase the specificity of cell targeting. Finally, the route of EVs’ administration also determines their bioavailability and eventually induced therapeutic effect. Besides, EV membrane lipids may possibly possess immune adjuvant activity. The review summarizes the current knowledge on the possibilities to manipulate EVs to use them as a delivery tool, with the special emphasis on anti-cancer therapy.
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94
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Sancho-Albero M, Medel-Martínez A, Martín-Duque P. Use of exosomes as vectors to carry advanced therapies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23975-23987. [PMID: 35517364 PMCID: PMC9055210 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02414g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are microvesicles of nanometric size involved in the communication between cells and tissues. Inside their bilipidic membrane they carry nucleic acids such as cargos (DNA, miRNA, etc.). Some of the advantages that make exosomes very attractive therapeutic vehicles are (i) their tropism through different tissues, (ii) the ability to pass biological barriers and (iii) the protection of the encapsulated material from the immune system and degradation. Viruses are some of the most widely employed gene therapy vehicles; however, they are still facing many problems, such as inefficient tropism to damaged areas and their elimination by the immune system. One of the functions attributed to exosomes is the elimination of substances that could be harmful to the cell, including viruses. Recently it has been investigated whether complete viruses or part of them could be encapsulated in exosomes, for a new viral-exosome gene therapy approach. Moreover, nanotechnology is another type of advanced therapy (together with gene and cell therapies) that can be used, among other utilities, to transfer genetic material. Recently the field of encapsulation of nanomaterials in exosomes, with or without gene transfer, is increasing. In this review we will summarize all of those studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sancho-Albero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), Aragon Materials Science Institute (ICMA), University of Zaragoza Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN) 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Medel-Martínez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), Aragon Materials Science Institute (ICMA), University of Zaragoza Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Aragon Health Sciences Institute(IACS)/IIS Aragón, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Aragón Avda San Juan Bosco 13 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Pilar Martín-Duque
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN) 28029 Madrid Spain
- Aragon Health Sciences Institute(IACS)/IIS Aragón, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Aragón Avda San Juan Bosco 13 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Araid Fund. Av. de Ranillas 1-D, Planta 2a, Oficina B 50018 Zaragoza Spain
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95
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Lu M, Huang Y. Bioinspired exosome-like therapeutics and delivery nanoplatforms. Biomaterials 2020; 242:119925. [PMID: 32151860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as appealing candidate therapeutic agents and delivery nanoplatforms due to their endogenous features and unique biological properties. However, obstacles such as low isolation yield, considerable complexity and potential safety concerns, and inefficient drug payload substantially hamper their therapeutic applicability. To this end, developing bioinspired exosome-like nanoparticles has become a promising area to overcome certain limitations of their natural counterparts. Synthetically fabrication of exosome-like nanoparticles that harbor only crucial components of exosomes through controllable protocols strongly increases the pharmaceutical acceptability of these vesicles. Assembly of exosome-like nanovesicles derived from producer cells allows for a promising strategy for scale-up production. To improve the loading capability and delivery efficiency of exosomes, hybrid exosome-like nanovesicles and membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles towards better bridging synthetic nanocarriers with natural exosomes could be designed. Building off these observations, herein, efforts are made to give an overview of bioinspired exosome-like therapeutics and delivery nanoplatforms. We briefly recapitulate the recent advance in exosome biology with focus on tailoring exosomes as therapeutics and delivery vehicles. Furthermore, we elaborately discuss the biomimicry methodologies for preparation of exosome-like nanoparticles with special emphasis on offering insights into strategies for rational design of exosome-like biomaterials as effective and safe therapeutics and delivery nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lu
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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96
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de la Torre P, Pérez-Lorenzo MJ, Alcázar-Garrido Á, Flores AI. Cell-Based Nanoparticles Delivery Systems for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Lessons from Anti-Angiogenesis Treatments. Molecules 2020; 25:E715. [PMID: 32046010 PMCID: PMC7038177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The main strategy of cancer treatment has focused on attacking the tumor cells. Some cancers initially responsive to chemotherapy become treatment-resistant. Another strategy is to block the formation of tumor vessels. However, tumors also become resistant to anti-angiogenic treatments, mostly due to other cells and factors present in the tumor microenvironment, and hypoxia in the central part of the tumor. The need for new cancer therapies is significant. The use of nanoparticle-based therapy will improve therapeutic efficacy and targeting, while reducing toxicity. However, due to inefficient accumulation in tumor sites, clearance by reticuloendothelial organs and toxicity, internalization or conjugation of drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can increase efficacy by actively delivering them into the tumor microenvironment. Nanoengineering MSCs with drug-loaded NPs can increase the drug payload delivered to tumor sites due to the migratory and homing abilities of MSCs. However, MSCs have some disadvantages, and exosomes and membranes from different cell types can be used to transport drug-loaded NPs actively to tumors. This review gives an overview of different cancer approaches, with a focus on hypoxia and the emergence of NPs as drug-delivery systems and MSCs as cellular vehicles for targeted delivery due to their tumor-homing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana I. Flores
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas 12), Avda. de Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (P.d.l.T.); (M.J.P.-L.)
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97
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Lara P, Palma-Florez S, Salas-Huenuleo E, Polakovicova I, Guerrero S, Lobos-Gonzalez L, Campos A, Muñoz L, Jorquera-Cordero C, Varas-Godoy M, Cancino J, Arias E, Villegas J, Cruz LJ, Albericio F, Araya E, Corvalan AH, Quest AFG, Kogan MJ. Gold nanoparticle based double-labeling of melanoma extracellular vesicles to determine the specificity of uptake by cells and preferential accumulation in small metastatic lung tumors. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:20. [PMID: 31973696 PMCID: PMC6979068 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-0573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown great potential for targeted therapy, as they have a natural ability to pass through biological barriers and, depending on their origin, can preferentially accumulate at defined sites, including tumors. Analyzing the potential of EVs to target specific cells remains challenging, considering the unspecific binding of lipophilic tracers to other proteins, the limitations of fluorescence for deep tissue imaging and the effect of external labeling strategies on their natural tropism. In this work, we determined the cell-type specific tropism of B16F10-EVs towards cancer cell and metastatic tumors by using fluorescence analysis and quantitative gold labeling measurements. Surface functionalization of plasmonic gold nanoparticles was used to promote indirect labeling of EVs without affecting size distribution, polydispersity, surface charge, protein markers, cell uptake or in vivo biodistribution. Double-labeled EVs with gold and fluorescent dyes were injected into animals developing metastatic lung nodules and analyzed by fluorescence/computer tomography imaging, quantitative neutron activation analysis and gold-enhanced optical microscopy. Results We determined that B16F10 cells preferentially take up their own EVs, when compared with colon adenocarcinoma, macrophage and kidney cell-derived EVs. In addition, we were able to detect the preferential accumulation of B16F10 EVs in small metastatic tumors located in lungs when compared with the rest of the organs, as well as their precise distribution between tumor vessels, alveolus and tumor nodules by histological analysis. Finally, we observed that tumor EVs can be used as effective vectors to increase gold nanoparticle delivery towards metastatic nodules. Conclusions Our findings provide a valuable tool to study the distribution and interaction of EVs in mice and a novel strategy to improve the targeting of gold nanoparticles to cancer cells and metastatic nodules by using the natural properties of malignant EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lara
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica Y Toxicológica, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sujey Palma-Florez
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica Y Toxicológica, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edison Salas-Huenuleo
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica Y Toxicológica, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iva Polakovicova
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 61, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simón Guerrero
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de investigación Interdisciplinar en Ciencias biomédicas, Universidad SEK (I3CBSEK). Facultad Ciencias de La Salud, Fernando Manterola 0789, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-Gonzalez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina-Clinica Alemana, Universidad Del Desarrollo, Avenida las condes 12438, lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile
| | - America Campos
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Análisis Por Activación Neutrónica, Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Nueva Bilbao, 12501, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Jorquera-Cordero
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Centro de Biología Celular Y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina Y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Centro de Biología Celular Y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina Y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eloísa Arias
- Centro de Biología Celular Y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina Y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Villegas
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Republica 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Albericio
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eyleen Araya
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro H Corvalan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 61, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile. .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica Y Toxicológica, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, 8380494, Santiago, Chile. .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile.
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