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Bohn MK, Hall A, Sepiashvili L, Jung B, Steele S, Adeli K. Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Mechanisms Underlying Disease Severity and Progression. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 35:288-301. [PMID: 32783610 PMCID: PMC7426542 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suggests a wide spectrum of clinical severity, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. Although the clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 patients have been well characterized, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying disease severity and progression remain unclear. This review highlights key mechanisms that have been proposed to contribute to COVID-19 progression from viral entry to multisystem organ failure, as well as the central role of the immune response in successful viral clearance or progression to death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kathryn Bohn
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Hall
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lusia Sepiashvili
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Jung
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon Steele
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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52
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Wide Biological Role of Hydroxytyrosol: Possible Therapeutic and Preventive Properties in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091932. [PMID: 32825589 PMCID: PMC7565717 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has promoted investigations of natural molecules that could prevent and treat CVD. Among these, hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenolic compound of olive oil, is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic effects. Its strong antioxidant properties are due to the scavenging of radicals and the stimulation of synthesis and activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, HO-1, NOS, COX-2, GSH), which also limit the lipid peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Lowered inflammation and oxidative stress and an improved lipid profile were also demonstrated in healthy subjects as well as in metabolic syndrome patients after hydroxytyrosol (HT) supplementation. These results might open a new therapeutic scenario through personalized supplementation of HT in CVDs. This review is the first attempt to collect together scientific literature on HT in both in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in human clinical studies, describing its potential biological effects for cardiovascular health.
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Lei X, Cheng L, Lin H, Pang M, Yao Z, Chen C, Forouzanfar T, Bikker FJ, Wu G, Cheng B. Human Salivary Histatin-1 Is More Efficacious in Promoting Acute Skin Wound Healing Than Acellular Dermal Matrix Paste. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:999. [PMID: 32974320 PMCID: PMC7466576 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid wound healing is beneficial for not only recovering esthetics but also reducing pain, complications and healthcare burdens. For such a purpose, continuous efforts have been taken to develop viable dressing material. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) paste has been used to repair burn wounds and is shown to promote angiogenesis as well as fibroblast attachment and migration. However, its efficacy still needs to be significantly improved to meet clinical demands for accelerating acute skin wound healing. To approach this problem, we studied the added value of a human salivary peptide - Histatin 1 (Hst1). Hst1 was chosen because of its potency to promote the adhesion, spreading, migration, metabolic activity and cell-cell junction of major skin cells and endothelial cells. In this study, we hypothesized that ADM paste and Hst1 showed a better effect on the healing of surgically created acute skin wounds in mice since ADM paste may act as a slow release system for Hst1. Our results showed that the healing efficacy of 10 μM topically administrated Hst1 was significantly higher compared to the control (no Hst1, no ADM) from day 3 to day 10 post-surgery. In contrast, ADM alone failed in our system at all time points. Also, the combination of ADM paste and Hst1 did not show a better effect on percentage of wound healing. Histological analysis showed that 10 μM Hst1 was associated with maximal thickness of newly formed epidermal layer on day 7 as well as the largest collagen area on day 14. In addition, immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of CD31-positive blood vessels in the group of 10 μM Hst1 was 2.3 times compared to the control. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the groups of 10 μM Hst1 group and ADM + 10 μM Hst1 group was significantly higher compared with the control group. Furthermore, 10 μM Hst1 group was associated with significantly lower levels of CD68-positive macrophage number, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression and C-reactive protein (CRP) expression than those of the other groups (control, ADM alone and ADM + 10 μM Hst1). In contrast, ADM was only associated with significantly lower CD68-positive macrophage number and IL-1β expression in comparison with the control. The co-administration of Hst1 and ADM paste did not yield more beneficial effects than Hst1 alone. In conclusion, the topically administrated of 10 μM Hst1 could be a promising alternative dressing in managing acute wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Lei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuhanghang Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengru Pang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexin Yao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
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54
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Johnson BS, Laloraya M. A cytokine super cyclone in COVID-19 patients with risk factors: the therapeutic potential of BCG immunization. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 54:32-42. [PMID: 32747157 PMCID: PMC7328575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The seventh human coronavirus SARS-CoV2 belongs to the cluster of extremely pathogenic coronaviruses including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which can cause fatal lower respiratory tract infection. Likewise, SARS-CoV2 infection can be fatal as the disease advances to pneumonia, followed by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The development of lethal clinical symptons is associated with an exaggerated production of inflammatory cytokines, referred to as the cytokine storm, is a consequence of a hyperactivated immune response aginst the infection. In this article, we discuss the pathogenic consequences of the cytokine storm and its relationship with COVID-19 associated risk factors. The increased pro-inflammatory immune status in patients with risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, COPD) exacerbates the Cytokine-storm of COVID-19 into a 'Cytokine Super Cyclone'. We also evaluate the antiviral immune responses provided by BCG vaccination and the potential role of 'trained immunity' in early protection against SARS-CoV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betcy Susan Johnson
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014, Kerala, India; Research Centre Kerala University, Senate House Campus, Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Malini Laloraya
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014, Kerala, India.
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55
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Bisaccia G, Ricci F, Mantini C, Tana C, Romani GL, Schiavone C, Gallina S. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease phenotypes. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120933804. [PMID: 32612827 PMCID: PMC7307287 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120933804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is increasingly recognized as a major global health problem. Intertwined with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease embraces a spectrum of liver conditions spanning from steatosis to inflammation, fibrosis, and liver failure. Compared with the general population, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is higher among nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients, in whom comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment is highly desirable. Preclinical effects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on the heart include both metabolic and structural changes eventually preceding overt myocardial dysfunction. Particularly, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with enhanced atherosclerosis, heart muscle disease, valvular heart disease, and arrhythmias, with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and oxidative stress playing in the background. In this topical review, we aimed to summarize current evidence on the epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, discuss the pathophysiological links between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease, illustrate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related cardiovascular phenotypes, and finally provide a glimpse on the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiac steatosis, mitochondrial (dys)function, and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Bisaccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cesare Mantini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Tana
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Medicine Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Romani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cosima Schiavone
- Department of Internistic Ultrasound, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sabina Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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56
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Tersalvi G, Vicenzi M, Calabretta D, Biasco L, Pedrazzini G, Winterton D. Elevated Troponin in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Possible Mechanisms. J Card Fail 2020; 26:470-475. [PMID: 32315733 PMCID: PMC7166030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has affected more than 1.8 million people worldwide, overwhelmed health care systems owing to the high proportion of critical presentations, and resulted in more than 100,000 deaths. Since the first data analyses in China, elevated cardiac troponin has been noted in a substantial proportion of patients, implicating myocardial injury as a possible pathogenic mechanism contributing to severe illness and mortality. Accordingly, high troponin levels are associated with increased mortality in patients with COVID-19. This brief review explores the available evidence regarding the association between COVID-19 and myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Tersalvi
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Hirslanden Klinik St. Anna, Lucerne, Switzerland.
| | - Marco Vicenzi
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Calabretta
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Biasco
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale di Ciriè, Ciriè, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pedrazzini
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Dario Winterton
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
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57
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Gehrke N, Schattenberg JM. Metabolic Inflammation-A Role for Hepatic Inflammatory Pathways as Drivers of Comorbidities in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1929-1947.e6. [PMID: 32068022 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global and growing health concern. Emerging evidence points toward metabolic inflammation as a key process in the fatty liver that contributes to multiorgan morbidity. Key extrahepatic comorbidities that are influenced by NAFLD are type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and impaired neurocognitive function. Importantly, the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced hepatic fibrosis increase the risk for systemic comorbidity in NAFLD. Although the precise nature of the crosstalk between the liver and other organs has not yet been fully elucidated, there is emerging evidence that metabolic inflammation-in part, emanating from the fatty liver-is the engine that drives cellular dysfunction, cell death, and deleterious remodeling within various body tissues. This review describes several inflammatory pathways and mediators that have been implicated as links between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurocognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gehrke
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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58
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Wang L, Wang P, Wang D, Tao M, Xu W, Olatunji OJ. Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Kukoamine A From the Root Bark of Lycium chinense Miller. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20912088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kukoamine A (Kuk A) is a naturally occurring bioactive spermine alkaloid found in the root bark of Lycium chinense, and it exerts various therapeutic effects including antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of Kuk A against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Pretreatment of cells with Kuk A significantly inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, cyclooxygenase-2 activity, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 in LPS-treated cells. In addition, pretreatment of rats with Kuk A significantly decreased inflammatory response to carrageenan-induced paw edema by alleviating proinflammatory cytokines in the serum, malondialdehyde levels in the liver and increasing the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) of carrageenan-treated rats. These results suggest the protective role of Kuk A in acute inflammatory reaction and could be useful in the treatment of inflammatory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Mengqing Tao
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wenke Xu
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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59
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The Role of NFκB in Healthy and Preeclamptic Placenta: Trophoblasts in the Spotlight. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051775. [PMID: 32150832 PMCID: PMC7084575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The NFκB protein family regulates numerous pathways within the cell-including inflammation, hypoxia, angiogenesis and oxidative stress-all of which are implicated in placental development. The placenta is a critical organ that develops during pregnancy that primarily functions to supply and transport the nutrients required for fetal growth and development. Abnormal placental development can be observed in numerous disorders during pregnancy, including fetal growth restriction, miscarriage, and preeclampsia (PE). NFκB is highly expressed in the placentas of women with PE, however its contributions to the syndrome are not fully understood. In this review we discuss the molecular actions and related pathways of NFκB in the placenta and highlight areas of research that need attention.
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60
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Parisi V, Petraglia L, Cabaro S, D'Esposito V, Bruzzese D, Ferraro G, Urbani A, Grieco FV, Conte M, Caruso A, Grimaldi MG, de Bellis A, Severino S, Campana P, Pilato E, Comentale G, Raia M, Scalia G, Castaldo G, Formisano P, Leosco D. Imbalance Between Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Epicardial Adipose Tissue Is Associated With Non ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome. Front Physiol 2020; 11:42. [PMID: 32116755 PMCID: PMC7012938 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) is crucially involved in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerotic diseases (CAD) and its inhibition has proven cardiovascular benefits. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a local source of inflammatory mediators which may negatively affect the surrounding coronary arteries. In the present study, we explored the relationship between serum and EAT levels of IL-1β and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods We obtained EAT biopsies in 54 CCS (Group 1) and 33 ACS (Group 2) patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Serum and EAT levels of IL-1β and IL-1ra were measured in all patients. An immunophenotypic study was carried out on EAT biopsies and the CD86 events were studied as markers of M1 macrophages. Results Circulating levels of IL-1β were significantly higher in the overall CAD population compared to a control group [7.64 pg/ml (6.86; 8.57) vs. 1.89 pg/ml (1.81; 2.29); p < 0.001]. In contrast, no differences were observed for serum IL-1ra levels between CAD and controls. Comparable levels of serum IL-1β were found between Groups 1 and 2 [7.6 pg/ml (6.9; 8.7) vs. 7.9 pg/ml (7.2; 8.6); p = 0.618]. In contrast, significantly lower levels of serum IL-1ra were found in Group 2 compared to Group 1 [274 pg/ml (220; 577) vs. 603 pg/ml (334; 1022); p = 0.035]. No differences of EAT levels of IL-1β were found between Group 2 and Group 1 [3.4 pg/ml (2.3; 8.4) vs. 2.4 pg/ml (1.9; 8.0); p = 0.176]. In contrast, significantly lower EAT levels of IL-1ra were found in Group 2 compared to Group 1 [101 pg/ml (40; 577) vs. 1344 pg/ml (155; 5327); p = 0.002]. No correlation was found between EAT levels of IL-1β and CD86 and CD64 events. Conclusion The present study explores the levels of IL-1β and IL-1ra in the serum and in EAT of CCS and ACS patients. ACS seems to be associated to a loss of the counter-regulatory activity of IL-1ra against the pro-inflammatory effects related to IL-1β activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parisi
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Petraglia
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Cabaro
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giusy Ferraro
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maddalena Conte
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Pasquale Campana
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pilato
- DAI Emergenze Cardiovascolari, Medicina Clinica e dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Comentale
- DAI Emergenze Cardiovascolari, Medicina Clinica e dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Raia
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Scalia
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Leosco
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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61
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Kim KBWR, Jeong SM, Jeong DH, Kim MJ, Ahn DH. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Sargachromanol I, Sargachromanol G, and Saringosterol from Hexane Fraction of Myagropsis myagroides. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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62
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Rossi M, Buonuomo PS, Battafarano G, Conforti A, Mariani E, Algeri M, Pelle S, D'Agostini M, Macchiaiolo M, De Vito R, Gonfiantini MV, Jenkner A, Rana I, Bartuli A, Del Fattore A. Dissecting the mechanisms of bone loss in Gorham-Stout disease. Bone 2020; 130:115068. [PMID: 31525474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive osteolysis and angiomatous proliferation. Since the mechanisms leading to bone loss in GSD are not completely understood, we performed histological, serum, cellular and molecular analyses of 7 patients. Increased vessels, osteoclast number and osteocyte lacunar area were revealed in patients' bone biopsies. Biochemical analysis of sera showed high levels of ICTP, Sclerostin, VEGF-A and IL-6. In vitro experiments revealed increased osteoclast differentiation and activity, and impaired mineralization ability of osteoblasts. To evaluate the involvement of systemic factors in GSD, control cells were treated with patients' sera and displayed an increase of osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption activity and a reduction of osteoblast function. Interestingly, GSD sera stimulated the vessel formation by endothelial cells EA.hy926. These results suggest that bone cell autonomous alterations with the cooperation of systemic factors are involved in massive bone loss and angiomatous proliferation observed in GSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Conforti
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Eda Mariani
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Algeri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Marina Macchiaiolo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita De Vito
- Histopathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Jenkner
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ippolita Rana
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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Fais RS, Rodrigues FL, Pereira CA, Mendes AC, Mestriner F, Tostes RC, Carneiro FS. The inflammasome NLRP3 plays a dual role on mouse corpora cavernosa relaxation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16224. [PMID: 31700106 PMCID: PMC6838322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 plays a role in vascular diseases. Corpora cavernosa (CC) is an extension of the vasculature. We hypothesize that NLRP3 plays a deleterious role in CC relaxation. Male C57BL/6 (WT) and NLRP3 deficient (NLRP3−/−) mice were used. Intracavernosal pressure (ICP/MAP) measurement was performed. Functional responses were obtained from CC strips of WT and NLRP3−/− mice before and after MCC950 (NLRP3 inhibitor) or LPS + ATP (NLRP3 stimulation). NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, eNOS, nNOS, guanylyl cyclase-β1 (GCβ1) and PKG1 protein expressions were determined. ICP/MAP and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation in CC were decreased in NLRP3−/− mice. Caspase-1, IL-1β and eNOS activity were increased, but PKG1 was reduced in CC of NLRP3−/−. MCC950 decreased non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC), acetylcholine (ACh), and SNP-induced relaxation in WT mice. MCC950 did not alter NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β, but reduced GCβ1 expression. Although LPS + ATP decreased ACh- and SNP-, it increased NANC-induced relaxation in CC from WT, but not from NLRP3−/− mice. LPS + ATP increased NLRP3, caspase-1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Conversely, it reduced eNOS activity and GCβ1 expression. NLRP3 plays a dual role in CC relaxation, with its inhibition leading to impairment of nitric oxide-mediated relaxation, while its activation by LPS + ATP causes decreased CC sensitivity to NO and endothelium-dependent relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Fais
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Rodrigues
- Departments of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila A Pereira
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allan C Mendes
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Mestriner
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Carneiro
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Hasselmo K, Mehl MR, Tackman AM, Carey AL, Wertheimer AM, Stowe RP, Sbarra DA. Objectively Measured Social Integration Is Associated With an Immune Risk Phenotype Following Marital Separation. Ann Behav Med 2019. [PMID: 29538627 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kax034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Close relationships play an integral role in human development, and robust evidence links marital separation and divorce to poor health outcomes. Social integration may play a key role in this association. In many ways, the study of marital separation and divorce provides an ideal model system for a more complete understanding of the association between life stress and physical health. Purpose The current study investigated associations among objectively measured social integration, psychological distress, and biomarkers of immune health in recently separated adults (N = 49). Methods We collected four measures of immune functioning-interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and antibody titers to latent cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus-that were combined to yield a viral-Immune Risk Profile. To assess how variability in social integration is associated with immunological correlates following the end of a marriage, we incorporated observational ecological momentary assessment data using a novel methodology (the Electronically Activated Recorder). Results We found that objectively measured social behaviors are associated with concurrent viral-Immune Risk Profile scores over and above the effects of psychological distress and that psychological distress may be linked to biomarkers of immune health through social integration. Conclusions This research expands current knowledge of biomarkers of immune health after divorce and separation and includes a new methodology for objective measures of social engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hasselmo
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthias R Mehl
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Allison M Tackman
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Angela L Carey
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anne M Wertheimer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, General Internal Medicine and Palliative Medicine and University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - David A Sbarra
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, USA
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The NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 sensitizes a TNFR1 + subgroup of multiple myeloma cells for TNF-induced cell death. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:611. [PMID: 31406107 PMCID: PMC6690881 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor MLN4924 inhibits cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes including the SKP1-cullin-F-box E3 ligase βTrCP. MLN4924 therefore inhibits also the βTrCP-dependent activation of the classical and the alternative NFĸB pathway. In this work, we found that a subgroup of multiple myeloma cell lines (e.g., RPMI-8226, MM.1S, KMS-12BM) and about half of the primary myeloma samples tested are sensitized to TNF-induced cell death by MLN4924. This correlated with MLN4924-mediated inhibition of TNF-induced activation of the classical NFκB pathway and reduced the efficacy of TNF-induced TNFR1 signaling complex formation. Interestingly, binding studies revealed a straightforward correlation between cell surface TNFR1 expression in multiple myeloma cell lines and their sensitivity for MLN4924/TNF-induced cell death. The cell surface expression levels of TNFR1 in the investigated MM cell lines largely correlated with TNFR1 mRNA expression. This suggests that the variable levels of cell surface expression of TNFR1 in myeloma cell lines are decisive for TNF/MLN4924 sensitivity. Indeed, introduction of TNFR1 into TNFR1-negative TNF/MLN4924-resistant KMS-11BM cells, was sufficient to sensitize this cell line for TNF/MLN4924-induced cell death. Thus, MLN4924 might be especially effective in myeloma patients with TNFR1+ myeloma cells and a TNFhigh tumor microenvironment.
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Xie F, Yun H, Levitan EB, Muntner P, Curtis JR. Tocilizumab and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Direct Comparison Among Biologic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019; 71:1004-1018. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.23737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fantin F, Giani A, Zoico E, Rossi AP, Mazzali G, Zamboni M. Weight Loss and Hypertension in Obese Subjects. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1667. [PMID: 31330870 PMCID: PMC6682923 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is strongly related to overweight and obesity. In obese subjects, several mechanisms may lead to hypertension such as insulin and leptin resistance, perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction, renal impairment, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system activation and sympathetic nervous system activity. Weight loss (WL) seems to have positive effects on blood pressure (BP). The aim of this review was to explain the mechanisms linking obesity and hypertension and to evaluate the main studies assessing the effect of WL on BP. We analysed studies published in the last 10 years (13 studies either interventional or observational) showing the effect of WL on BP. Different WL strategies were taken into account-diet and lifestyle modification, pharmacological intervention and bariatric surgery. Although a positive effect of WL could be identified in each study, the main difference seems to be the magnitude and the durability of BP reduction over time. Nevertheless, further follow-up data are needed: there is still a lack of evidence about long term effects of WL on hypertension. Hence, given the significant results obtained in several recent studies, weight management should always be pursued in obese patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fantin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona Healthy Aging Center, Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy.
| | - Anna Giani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona Healthy Aging Center, Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zoico
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona Healthy Aging Center, Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona Healthy Aging Center, Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzali
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona Healthy Aging Center, Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Zamboni
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona Healthy Aging Center, Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
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Tsai DH, Riediker M, Berchet A, Paccaud F, Waeber G, Vollenweider P, Bochud M. Effects of short- and long-term exposures to particulate matter on inflammatory marker levels in the general population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19697-19704. [PMID: 31079306 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of particulate matter (PM) on health increases with exposure duration but the change from short to longer term is not well studied. We examined the exposure to PM smaller 10 μm (PM10) from short to longer duration and their associations with levels of inflammatory markers in the population-based CoLaus cohort in Lausanne, Switzerland. Baseline and follow-up CoLaus data were used to study the associations between PM10 exposure and inflammatory markers, including the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor-necrosis-factor alpha (TNF-α) using mixed models. Exposure was determined for each participant's home address from hourly air quality simulations at a 5-m resolution. Short-term exposure intervals were 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month prior to the hospital visit (blood withdrawal); long-term exposure intervals were 3 and 6 months prior to the visit. In most time windows, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were positively associated with PM10. No significant associations were identified for CRP. Adjusted associations with long-term exposures were stronger and more significant than those for short-term exposures. In stratified models, gender, age, smoking status, and hypertension only led to small modifications in effect estimates, though a few of the estimates for IL-6 and TNF-α became non-significant. In this general adult cohort exposed to relatively low average PM10 levels, clear associations with markers of systemic inflammation were observed. Longer duration of elevated exposure was associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response. This may partially explain the elevated disease risk observed with chronic PM10 exposure. It also suggests that reducing prolonged episodes of high PM exposure may be a strategy to reduce inflammatory risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Hua Tsai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Biopôle 2, Route de la Corniche 10, CH-1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Riediker
- Swiss Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (SCOEH), Winterthur, Switzerland
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Berchet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Fred Paccaud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Biopôle 2, Route de la Corniche 10, CH-1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Waeber
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Murielle Bochud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Biopôle 2, Route de la Corniche 10, CH-1010, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Lacatusu I, Badea N, Badea G, Mihaila M, Ott C, Stan R, Meghea A. Advanced bioactive lipid nanocarriers loaded with natural and synthetic anti-inflammatory actives. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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70
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Effect of Cyclic Stretch on Vascular Endothelial Cells and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA): Role in the Inflammatory Response. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020287. [PMID: 30642067 PMCID: PMC6359538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a focal dilatation of the aorta, caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Although vascular endothelium plays a key role in AAA progression, the biological mechanisms underlying the mechanical stress involvement are only partially understood. In this study, we developed an in vitro model to characterize the role of mechanical stress as a potential trigger of endothelial deregulation in terms of inflammatory response bridging between endothelial cells (ECs), inflammatory cells, and matrix remodeling. In AAA patients, data revealed different degrees of calcification, inversely correlated with wall stretching and also with inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation. In order to study the role of mechanical stimulation, endothelial cell line (EA.hy926) has been cultured in healthy (10% strain) and pathological (5% strain) dynamic conditions using a bioreactor. In presence of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and inflammation are obtained, while mechanical stimulation significantly counteracts the TNF-α effects. Moreover, physiological deformation also plays a significant role in the control of the oxidative stress. Overall our findings indicate that, due to wall calcification, in AAA there is a significant change in terms of decreased wall stretching.
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71
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Dymkowska D, Drabarek B, Michalik A, Nowak N, Zabłocki K. TNFα stimulates NO release in EA.hy926 cells by activating the CaMKKβ-AMPK-eNOS pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 106:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a relatively common disease; however, myasthenia gravis leading to PE has been rarely reported in the literature. We report a case of PE in a patient with myasthenia gravis and discuss the possible mechanism underlying the development of PE. We hypothesize that inflammatory mediators may lead to endothelial injury, resulting in PE or deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with myasthenia gravis. PATIENT CONCERNS A 45-year-old woman had a 9-year history of myasthenia gravis. She was receiving neostigmine bromide for symptomatic relief and had never been on immunosuppressive therapy. DIAGNOSES Myasthenia gravis and pulmonary embolism. INTERVENTIONS Our patient was treated with low-molecular-weight heparin immediately after hospital admission. Thrombolytic therapy was later initiated as her condition deteriorated. OUTCOMES After 2 weeks, the pulmonary artery systolic pressure on echocardiography reduced to 60 mm Hg, and venous ultrasonography showed no evidence of DVT. Her computed tomography pulmonary angiogram revealed a mural thrombus in both the main pulmonary arteries. She refused to undergo immunosuppressive therapy; hence, she was discharged on neostigmine bromide and warfarin. There was no recurrence of PE or DVT at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. LESSONS Patients with an autoimmune-mediated disease may have an increased risk of DVT and PE. We hypothesize that the risk may increase in the absence of immunosuppressive therapy. Hence, anticoagulant therapy may be administered early to reduce mortality from acute PE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yingqing Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
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Dubnika A, Manoukian MA, Mohammadi MR, Parekh MB, Gurjarpadhye AA, Inayathullah M, Dubniks V, Lakey JR, Rajadas J. Cytokines as therapeutic agents and targets in heart disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 43:54-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Marincowitz C, Genis A, Goswami N, De Boever P, Nawrot TS, Strijdom H. Vascular endothelial dysfunction in the wake of HIV and ART. FEBS J 2018; 286:1256-1270. [PMID: 30220106 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence points to increased rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Endothelial dysfunction (loss of endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in response to provasodilatory stimuli) constitutes an early pathophysiological event in atherogenesis and CVD. Both HIV-1 infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are implicated in the development of endothelial dysfunction; however, conclusions are frequently drawn from associations shown in epidemiological studies. In this narrative review of mainly in vitro and animal studies, we report on the current understanding of how various HIV-1 proteins, HIV-1-induced proinflammatory cytokines and common antiretroviral drugs directly impact vascular endothelial cells. Proposed cellular mechanisms underlying the switch to a dysfunctional state are discussed, including oxidative stress, impaired expression and regulation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and increased expression of vascular adhesion molecules. From the literature, it appears that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, linked to decreased NO bioavailability and ensuing endothelial dysfunction, may be proposed as a putative final common pathway afflicting the vascular endothelium in PLWHA. The HIV-1-proteins Tat, Gp120 and Nef in particular, the proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, and the antiretroviral drugs Efavirenz and Lopinavir, most commonly postulated to be primary causal agents of endothelial dysfunction, are also discussed. We conclude that, despite existing evidence from basic research papers, a significant gap remains in terms of the exact underlying cellular mechanisms involved in HIV-1 and ART induced endothelial dysfunction. Bridging this gap could help pave the way for future strategies to prevent and treat early cardiovascular changes in PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Marincowitz
- Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amanda Genis
- Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Department of Physiology and Otto Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium.,Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Centre for Environment and Health, Department for Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Zhao J, Ghafghazi S, Khan AR, Farid TA, Moore JB. Recent Developments in Stem and Progenitor Cell Therapy for Cardiac Repair. Circ Res 2018; 119:e152-e159. [PMID: 27932474 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Zhao
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Shahab Ghafghazi
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Abdur Rahman Khan
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Talha Ahmad Farid
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Joseph B Moore
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY.
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Level-Specific Differences in Systemic Expression of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines after Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082167. [PMID: 30044384 PMCID: PMC6122077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While over half of all spinal cord injuries (SCIs) occur in the cervical region, the majority of preclinical studies have focused on models of thoracic injury. However, these two levels are anatomically distinct—with the cervical region possessing a greater vascular supply, grey-white matter ratio and sympathetic outflow relative to the thoracic region. As such, there exists a significant knowledge gap in the secondary pathology at these levels following SCI. In this study, we characterized the systemic plasma markers of inflammation over time (1, 3, 7, 14, 56 days post-SCI) after moderate-severe, clip-compression cervical and thoracic SCI in a rat model. Using high-throughput ELISA panels, we observed a clear level-specific difference in plasma levels of VEGF, leptin, IP10, IL18, GCSF, and fractalkine. Overall, cervical SCI had reduced expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins relative to thoracic SCI, likely due to sympathetic dysregulation associated with higher level SCIs. However, contrary to the literature, we did not observe level-dependent splenic atrophy with our incomplete SCI model. This is the first study to compare the systemic plasma-level changes following cervical and thoracic SCI using level-matched and time-matched controls. The results of this study provide the first evidence in support of level-targeted intervention and also challenge the phenomenon of high SCI-induced splenic atrophy in incomplete SCI models.
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77
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Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Injury in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1992-2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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78
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Yang S, Zhao LS, Cai C, Shi Q, Wen N, Xu J. Association between periodontitis and peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:141. [PMID: 29980169 PMCID: PMC6035462 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a common feature of both peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and periodontitis. Some studies have evaluated the association between PAD and periodontitis. However, there is still no specialized meta-analysis that has quantitatively assessed the strength of the association. Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to critically assess the strength of the association between PAD and periodontitis. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for observational studies of the association between periodontitis and PAD in February 2018. Risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from included studies were pooled to evaluate the strength of the association between periodontitis and PAD. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their 95% CIs were pooled to compare the difference in periodontal-related parameters between PAD and non-PAD patients. Results Seven studies including a total of 4307 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the risk of periodontitis between PAD patients and non-PAD participants (RR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.25–2.29, P = 0.01). There was also a significant difference in number of missing teeth between PAD patients and non-PAD participants (WMD = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.31–6.19, P = 0.003). No significant difference was found in clinical attachment loss between PAD patients and non-PAD participants (WMD = − 0.05, 95% CI = − 0.03–0.19, P = 0.686). Conclusion In conclusion, the results of this meta-analysis revealed a significant relationship between periodontitis and PAD. Moreover, our study indicated that PAD patients had more missing teeth than control subjects did. Further high-quality and well-designed studies with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria are required to strengthen the conclusions of this study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12872-018-0879-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li Sheng Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chuan Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Quan Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ning Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Corynoline Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells through Activating Nrf2. Inflammation 2018; 41:1640-1647. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kadivar A, Ibrahim Noordin M, Aditya A, Kamalidehghan B, Davoudi ET, Sedghi R, Akbari Javar H. Antiproliferative effects of imatinib mesylate on ZR‑75‑1 and MDA‑MB‑231 cell lines via PDGFR‑β, PDGF‑BB, c‑Kit and SCF expression. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:414-424. [PMID: 29620139 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate is an anti‑neoplastic targeted chemotherapeutic agent, which can inhibit tyrosine kinase receptors, including BCR‑ABL, platelet‑derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) and c‑Kit. Cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation and survival are regulated by these receptors. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of imatinib mesylate, and its effects on apoptotic induction and cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cell lines. In addition, the study aimed to determine whether the effects of this drug were associated with the mRNA and protein expression levels of PDGFR‑β, c‑Kit, and their corresponding ligands PDGF‑BB and stem cell factor (SCF), which may potentially modulate cell survival and proliferation. To assess the antiproliferative effects of imatinib mesylate, an MTS assay was conducted following treatment of cells with 2‑10 µM imatinib mesylate for 96, 120 and 144 h; accordingly the half maximal inhibitory concentration of imatinib mesylate was calculated for each cell line. In addition, the proapoptotic effects and cytostatic activity of imatinib mesylate were investigated. To evaluate the expression of imatinib‑targeted genes, PDGFR‑β, c‑Kit, PDGF‑BB and SCF, under imatinib mesylate treatment, mRNA expression was detected using semi‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and protein expression was detected by western blot analysis in ZR‑75‑1 and MDA‑MB‑231 breast carcinoma cell lines. Treatment with imatinib mesylate suppressed cell proliferation, which was accompanied by apoptotic induction and cell cycle arrest in the investigated cell lines. In addition, PDGFR‑β, PDGF‑BB, c‑Kit and SCF were expressed in both breast carcinoma cell lines; PDGFR‑β and c‑Kit, as imatinib targets, were downregulated in response to imatinib mesylate treatment. The present results revealed that at least two potential targets of imatinib mesylate were expressed in the two breast carcinoma cell lines studied. In conclusion, the antiproliferative, cytostatic and proapoptotic effects of imatinib mesylate may be the result of a reduction in the expression of c‑Kit and PDGFR tyrosine kinase receptors, thus resulting in suppression of the corresponding ligand PDGF‑BB. Therefore, imatinib mesylate may be considered a promising target therapy for the future treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kadivar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Noordin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arya Aditya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Behnam Kamalidehghan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Reihaneh Sedghi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz 71348‑14336, Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), 14176‑13151 Tehran, Iran
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81
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Skoda M, Stangret A, Szukiewicz D. Fractalkine and placental growth factor: A duet of inflammation and angiogenesis in cardiovascular disorders. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 39:116-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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82
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Boyapati R, Chinthalapani S, Ramisetti A, Salavadhi SS, Ramachandran R. Association of pentraxin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein as inflammatory biomarkers in patients with chronic periodontitis and peripheral arterial disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 22:112-115. [PMID: 29769764 PMCID: PMC5939017 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_290_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Inflammation is a common feature of both peripheral artery disease (PAD) and periodontal disease. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between PAD and periodontal disease by examining the levels of inflammatory cytokines, pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein from serum. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into two groups: those with PAD (test group) and those with the non-PAD group (control group) based on ankle–brachial index values. Periodontal examinations and biochemical analysis for PTX-3 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were performed to compare the two groups. Statistical Analysis Used: All the obtained data were sent for statistical analyses using SPSS version 18. Results: In the clinical parameters, there is statistically significant difference present between plaque index, clinical attachment loss, and periodontal inflammatory surface area with higher mean values in patients with PAD having periodontitis. There is statistical significant (P < 0.01) difference in all biochemical parameters (P < 0.05) considered in the study between PAD patients and non-PAD patients with higher mean values of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and PTX-3. Conclusion: PTX-3 and acute-phase cytokine such as hs-CRP can be regarded as one of the best indicators to show the association between the PAD and periodontitis followed by hs-CRP, TC, very LDL (VLDL), and LDL. However, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a poor indicator for its association with chronic periodontitis and PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arpita Ramisetti
- Department of Periodontics, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India
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83
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Guo J, Zheng Z, Lu X, Zeng S, Chen C, Zhang L, Zheng B. Purification and Characterisation of κ-Carrageenan Oligosaccharides Prepared by κ-Carrageenase from Thalassospira sp. Fjfst-332. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 180:314-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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84
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Wisgrill L, Muck M, Wessely I, Berger A, Spittler A, Förster-Waldl E, Sadeghi K. Endothelial cells of extremely premature infants display impaired immune response after proinflammatory stimulation. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:128-134. [PMID: 29278644 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundEndothelial cells (ECs) exert immunological functions such as production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines as well as facilitation of extravasation of immune cells into infected tissue. Limited data are available on the functionality of ECs from extremely preterm neonates during infection. Accordingly, the aim of our study was to investigate the immune response of premature ECs after proinflammatory stimulation.MethodsCell adhesion receptors' expression and function, nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NFκB) signaling, and chemokine production were analyzed in umbilical cord ECs from extremely preterm and term neonates after proinflammatory stimulation.ResultsP-selectin and E-selectin surface expression as well as NFκB signaling were lower after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in premature ECs. Preterm ECs exhibited lower, but significant, cell-adhesive functions after LPS stimulation compared with term ECs. CCL2/CXCL8 chemokine secretion was significantly upregulated after proinflammatory stimulation in both groups. CXCL10 production was significantly increased in term but not in preterm ECs upon stimulation with tumor necrosis factor compared with unstimulated ECs.ConclusionExtremely premature ECs showed partly reduced expression levels and function of cell adhesion molecules. Both NFκB signaling and chemokine/cytokine production were reduced in premature ECs. The diminished endothelial proinflammatory immune response might result in impaired infection control of preterm newborns rendering them prone to severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wisgrill
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Muck
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabelle Wessely
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs and Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Förster-Waldl
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kambis Sadeghi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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85
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Herrera CJ, Piña P, Martínez J, García MJ. Cardiac Imaging in Systemic Diseases: What the Clinician should Know. Curr Cardiol Rev 2018; 14:175-184. [PMID: 29623849 PMCID: PMC6131404 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x14666180406100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Systemic diseases that affect the cardiovascular system constitute a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for all specialists involved; imaging tools along with clinical suspicion play an essential role in their evaluation. These entities share neurological, immunological, renal, hematologic, oncologic, infectious and endocrine processes, all of which may have associated cardiac involvement. OBSERVATIONS Recent advances in cardiac ultrasound, Computed Tomography (CT), cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) and nuclear scintigraphy have impacted the management of these conditions when involving the heart since they provide valuable anatomical and functional information while avoiding the use of invasive techniques. For this review, bibliographic sources were gathered from diverse databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO and Google Scholar, concentrating on English language publications dealing with the clinical use of these tools. CONCLUSION Clinical suspicion should always guide the use of imaging since in many instances, these techniques only play a supportive role rather than representing a diagnostic gold standard. Early diagnosis is critical due to the fact that cardiac manifestations are commonly a late phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- César J. Herrera
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Cardiology, CEDIMAT Cardiovascular Center, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic and Montefiore Center for Heart & Vascular Care, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Tel: 809-565-9989, Ext. 2044; E-mail:
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86
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Toral M, Jiménez R, Romero M, Robles-Vera I, Sánchez M, Salaices M, Sabio JM, Duarte J. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the protective effects of PPARβ/δ activation on endothelial dysfunction induced by plasma from patients with lupus. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:268. [PMID: 29208022 PMCID: PMC5717848 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We tested whether GW0742, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARβ/δ) agonist, improves endothelial dysfunction induced by plasma from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involving the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Methods A total of 12 non-pregnant women with lupus and 5 non-pregnant healthy women (controls) participated in the study. Cytokines and double-stranded DNA autoantibodies (anti-dsDNA) were tested in plasma samples. Endothelial cells, isolated from human umbilical cord veins (HUVECs), were used to measure nitric oxide (NO), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, and ER stress markers. Results Interferon-γ, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12 levels were significantly increased in plasma from patients with SLE with active nephritis (AN), as compared to both patients with SLE with inactive nephritis (IN) and the control group. The NO production stimulated by both the calcium ionophore A23187 and insulin was significantly reduced in HUVECs incubated with plasma from patients with AN-SLE as compared with the control group. Plasma from patients with IN-SLE did not modify A23187-stimulated NO production. Increased ROS production and NADPH oxidase activity were found in HUVECs incubated with plasma from patients with AN-SLE, which were suppressed by the ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA and the NADPH oxidase inhibitors, apocynin and VAS2870. GW0742 incubation restored the impaired NO production, the increased ROS levels, and the increased ER stress markers induced by plasma from patients with AN-SLE. These protective effects were abolished by the PPARβ/δ antagonist GSK0660 and by silencing PPARβ/δ. Conclusions PPARβ/δ activation may be an important target to control endothelial dysfunction in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Toral
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,CIBER of cardiovascular diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,CIBER of cardiovascular diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Robles-Vera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- CIBER of cardiovascular diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Research Institute Universitary Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Mario Sabio
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves Universitary Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain. .,CIBER of cardiovascular diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
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87
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Sexual dimorphism of metabolic and vascular dysfunction in aged mice and those lacking the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3. Exp Gerontol 2017; 99:87-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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88
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Cellular and Oxidative Mechanisms Associated with Interleukin-6 Signaling in the Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122563. [PMID: 29186034 PMCID: PMC5751166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, particularly superoxide, promote endothelial dysfunction and alterations in vascular structure. It is increasingly recognized that inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), contribute to endothelial dysfunction and vascular hypertrophy and fibrosis. IL-6 is increased in a number of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. IL-6 is also associated with a higher incidence of future cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Both immune and vascular cells produce IL-6 in response to a number of stimuli, such as angiotensin II. The vasculature is responsive to IL-6 produced from vascular and non-vascular sources via classical IL-6 signaling involving a membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and membrane-bound gp130 via Jak/STAT as well as SHP2-dependent signaling pathways. IL-6 signaling is unique because it can also occur via a soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) which allows for IL-6 signaling in tissues that do not normally express IL-6R through a process referred to as IL-6 trans-signaling. IL-6 signaling mediates a vast array of effects in the vascular wall, including endothelial activation, vascular permeability, immune cell recruitment, endothelial dysfunction, as well as vascular hypertrophy and fibrosis. Many of the effects of IL-6 on vascular function and structure are representative of loss or reductions in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. IL-6 has direct effects on endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and expression as well as increasing vascular superoxide, which rapidly inactivates NO thereby limiting NO bioavailability. The goal of this review is to highlight both the cellular and oxidative mechanisms associated with IL-6-signaling in the vascular wall in general, in hypertension, and in response to angiotensin II.
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89
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Wang Y, Liu HN, Zhen Z, Yiu KH, Tse HF, Pelekos G, Tonetti M, Jin L. Periodontal treatment modulates gene expression of endothelial progenitor cells in diabetic patients. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:1253-1263. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Discipline of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hin Nam Liu
- Discipline of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Zhe Zhen
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kai Hang Yiu
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hung Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - George Pelekos
- Discipline of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Maurizio Tonetti
- Discipline of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Discipline of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
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90
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Tu F, Pang Q, Chen X, Huang T, Liu M, Zhai Q. Angiogenic effects of apigenin on endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation via the caveolin-1 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1639-1648. [PMID: 29039442 PMCID: PMC5716406 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to elucidate whether apigenin contributes to the induction of angiogenesis and the related mechanisms in cell hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. The role of apigenin was examined in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) viability, migration and tube formation in vitro. To investigate the related mechanisms, we used caveolin-1 short interfering RNA. The viability of HUVECs was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, HUVEC migration was analyzed by crystal violet staining, and a tube formation assay was performed using the branch point method. Expression of caveolin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in HUVECs was examined by polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Our data revealed that apigenin induced angiogenesis in vitro by increasing the tube formation ability of HUVECs, which was counteracted by caveolin-1 silencing. Compared to the NC group, Caveolin-1 and eNOS expression was upregulated by apigenin, whereas compared to the NC group, eNOS expression was increased upon caveolin-1 silencing. The expression of VEGF was increased by treatment with apigenin; however, compared to the NC group, caveolin-1 silencing did not affect VEGF expression, and apigenin did not increase VEGF expression in HUVECs after caveolin-1 silencing. These data suggest that apigenin may be a candidate therapeutic target for stroke recovery by promoting angiogenesis via the caveolin-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Tu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qiongyi Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Meixia Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qiongxiang Zhai
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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91
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Goitre L, DiStefano PV, Moglia A, Nobiletti N, Baldini E, Trabalzini L, Keubel J, Trapani E, Shuvaev VV, Muzykantov VR, Sarelius IH, Retta SF, Glading AJ. Up-regulation of NADPH oxidase-mediated redox signaling contributes to the loss of barrier function in KRIT1 deficient endothelium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8296. [PMID: 28811547 PMCID: PMC5558000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular scaffold KRIT1/CCM1 is an established regulator of vascular barrier function. Loss of KRIT1 leads to decreased microvessel barrier function and to the development of the vascular disorder Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM). However, how loss of KRIT1 causes the subsequent deficit in barrier function remains undefined. Previous studies have shown that loss of KRIT1 increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbates vascular permeability triggered by several inflammatory stimuli, but not TNF−α. We now show that endothelial ROS production directly contributes to the loss of barrier function in KRIT1 deficient animals and cells, as targeted antioxidant enzymes reversed the increase in permeability in KRIT1 heterozygous mice as shown by intravital microscopy. Rescue of the redox state restored responsiveness to TNF-α in KRIT1 deficient arterioles, but not venules. In vitro, KRIT1 depletion increased endothelial ROS production via NADPH oxidase signaling, up-regulated Nox4 expression, and promoted NF-κB dependent promoter activity. Recombinant yeast avenanthramide I, an antioxidant and inhibitor of NF-κB signaling, rescued barrier function in KRIT1 deficient cells. However, KRIT1 depletion blunted ROS production in response to TNF-α. Together, our data indicate that ROS signaling is critical for the loss of barrier function following genetic deletion of KRIT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Goitre
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Peter V DiStefano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Moglia
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicholas Nobiletti
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eva Baldini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenza Trabalzini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Julie Keubel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eliana Trapani
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ingrid H Sarelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Angela J Glading
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, New York, USA.
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92
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Fantin F, Comellato G, Rossi AP, Grison E, Zoico E, Mazzali G, Zamboni M. Relationship between neck circumference, insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in overweight and obese subjects. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017; 24:1532-1540. [PMID: 28728486 DOI: 10.1177/2047487317721655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Only a few studies have investigated the relationship between neck circumference and cardiometabolic risk. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between neck circumference, waist circumference, metabolic variables and arterial stiffness in a group of overweight and obese subjects evaluating a possible independent role of neck circumference in determining arterial stiffness. Methods and results We studied 95 subjects (53 women) with an age range of 20-77 years and body mass index range from 25.69 to 47.04 kg/m2. In each subject we evaluated body mass index, waist, hip and neck circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin, fasting glucose, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (PWVcr). Both PWVcf and PWVcr were higher in subjects with high values of neck circumference compared with subjects with normal values of neck circumference. Subjects with high values of neck circumference and abdominal obesity presented higher values of mean arterial pressure, PWVcr and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index and lower values of high-density lipoprotein than subjects with only abdominal obesity. Two models of stepwise multiple regression were performed in order to evaluate the combined effect of independent variables on arterial stiffness. In the first model PWVcf was considered a dependent variable, and age, gender, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, waist circumference, neck circumference, HOMA index and the use of anti-hypertensive medications were considered independent variables. Age, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and waist circumference were significant predictors of PWVcf, explaining 65% of its variance. In the second model, in which PWVcr was considered a dependent variable, neck circumference and gender were significant predictors of PWVcr, explaining 24% of its variance. Conclusions These findings emphasise the need to measure not only waist but even neck circumference to better stratify and identify individuals at increased cardiometabolic risk, as upper-body subcutaneous fat is a novel, easily measured fat depot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fantin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Comellato
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Grison
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zoico
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzali
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Zamboni
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Italy
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major health problem globally. The high incidence and case fatality of CVD are, to a large extent, a consequence of its late diagnosis and lack of highly sensitive and specific markers. Only a very small number of biomarkers, such as troponin, detect late disease. There is some evidence of an association and dysregulation between specific cytokines in the pathogenesis of CVD. These molecules are involved in inflammatory and immune mechanisms associated with atherogenesis. Several molecular/cellular pathways that include STAT, MAPK, and SMAD are modulated by cytokines. Against this background, microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs with important roles in pathological events, leading to atherosclerotic CVD. It has been shown that the latter could affect cytokine production and contribute to progression of atherosclerotic CVD. Moreover, modulation of miRNAs appears to inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, attenuate infarct size, and reduce cardiac dysfunction. This review highlights several recent preclinical and clinical studies on the role of cytokines in CVD, novel miRNA-based therapeutic approaches for therapeutic intervention, and potential circulating cytokines that have promise as biomarkers in CVD.
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94
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Tropf M, Nelson OL, Lee PM, Weng HY. Cardiac and Metabolic Variables in Obese Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1000-1007. [PMID: 28608635 PMCID: PMC5508341 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of obesity‐related cardiac dysfunction (ORCD) is linked to metabolic syndrome in people. Studies have indicated that obese dogs have components of metabolic syndrome, warranting evaluation for ORCD in obese dogs. Objectives To evaluate cardiac structure and function and metabolic variables in obese dogs compared to ideal weight dogs. Animals Forty‐six healthy, small‐breed (<25 pounds), obese dogs (n = 29) compared to ideal weight dogs (n = 17). Methods A cross‐sectional study of cardiac structure and function by standard and strain echocardiographic measurements and quantification of serum metabolic variables (insulin:glucose ratios, lipid analysis, adiponectin, inflammatory markers). Results Compared to the ideal weight controls, obese dogs had cardiac changes characterized by an increased interventricular septal width in diastole to left ventricular internal dimension in diastole ratio, decreased ratios of peak early to peak late left ventricular inflow velocities, and ratios of peak early to peak late mitral annular tissue velocities, and increased fractional shortening and ejection fraction percentages. The left ventricular posterior wall width in diastole to left ventricular internal dimension in diastole ratios were not significantly different between groups. Systolic blood pressure was not significantly different between groups. Obese dogs had metabolic derangements characterized by increased insulin:glucose ratios, dyslipidemias with increased cholesterol, triglyceride, and high‐density lipoprotein concentrations, decreased adiponectin concentrations, and increased concentrations of interleukin 8 and keratinocyte‐derived chemokine‐like inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Compared to ideal weight controls, obese dogs have alterations in cardiac structure and function as well as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypoadiponectinemia, and increased concentrations of inflammatory markers. These findings warrant additional studies to investigate inflammation, dyslipidemia, and possibly systemic hypertension as potential contributing factors for altered cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tropf
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - O L Nelson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - P M Lee
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - H Y Weng
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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95
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Zhou Y, Cao ZQ, Wang HY, Cheng YN, Yu LG, Zhang XK, Sun Y, Guo XL. The anti-inflammatory effects of Morin hydrate in atherosclerosis is associated with autophagy induction through cAMP signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28421659 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Although the previous trials of inflammation have indicated that morin hydrate (MO) hold considerable promise, understanding the distinct mechanism of MO against inflammation remains a challenge. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigated the effect of MO in atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice and underlying cell signaling of MO effect in inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Administration of MO significantly reduced serum lipid level, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and ICAM-1), and atherosclerotic plaque formation in vivo. MO presence attenuated the expression of TNF-α-induced inflammatory cytokines (ICAM-1, COX-2, and MMP-9), and remarkably enhanced microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta 2 (MAP1LC3B2) expression and sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) degradation in HUVECs. These MO effects were significantly prevented by the presence of autophagic inhibitors, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or chloroquine (CQ), as well as siRNA suppression of ATG5 and BECN1. MO increased intracellular cAMP levels and activated cAMP-PKA-AMPK-SIRT1 signaling in vivo and in vitro. These changes resulted in increased expression of autophagy-related protein MAP1LC3B2 and decreased secretion of inflammatory cytokines (ICAM-1, COX-2, and MMP-9). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that anti-AS and anti-inflammatory effects of MO are largely associated with its induction of autophagy through stimulation of cAMP-PKA-AMPK-SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhan-Qi Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Na Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lu-Gang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xin-Ke Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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96
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Teixeira Silva C, Cândido APC, Pala D, Oliveira Barbosa P, Machado-Coelho GLL, Pereira de Oliveira FL, Pinheiro Volp AC, Nascimento de Freitas R. Clustered Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Associated with Inflammatory Markers in Adolescents. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017; 70:259-267. [PMID: 28595170 DOI: 10.1159/000458767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clusters of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This cross-sectional study assessed the associations between classic CVR factor clusters and inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Measurements included anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters and selected inflammatory markers in 487 adolescents (236 boys/251 girls; 12.06 ± 1.41 years). RESULTS After stratifying the population by gender and adjusting for potential confounding variables, principal component analysis was performed and it produced 5 independent components in both genders: adiposity, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/triacylglycerols (TG), and cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein. Glucose metabolism was inversely associated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in both genders (r = -0.026; r = -0.021); blood pressure was inversely associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in girls (r = -0.046); HDL/TG was positively associated with interleukin-6 in girls (r = 0.012), with IL-1β (r = 0.010) TNF-α (r = 0.045) in boys, and inversely associated with adiponectin in both genders (r = -0.015; r = -0.013). CONCLUSION The results suggest that lipid metabolism alterations, as potential early events in the development of CVDs, have a strong link to the inflammatory process, in contrast to other clusters of risk factors.
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97
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Aoyama N, Suzuki JI, Kobayashi N, Hanatani T, Ashigaki N, Yoshida A, Shiheido Y, Sato H, Kumagai H, Ikeda Y, Akazawa H, Komuro I, Izumi Y, Isobe M. Periodontitis deteriorates peripheral arterial disease in Japanese population via enhanced systemic inflammation. Heart Vessels 2017; 32:1314-1319. [PMID: 28567552 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-1003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of arterial stenosis of the extremity that reduces arterial flow. While patients with periodontitis are at a high risk of PAD, little causal information has been provided to date. To clarify the relationship, we conducted this cross-sectional study. The oral condition of patients with or without PAD, who attended Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, was evaluated. Blood examinations and dental clinical measurements, including number of teeth, probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were performed. Chi-square test was performed to compare gender, smoker rate, prevalence of DM, hypertension and dyslipidemia and edentulous rate. Wilcoxon test was used to compare bacterial counts and anti-bacterial antibodies and Student's t test was used to compare the other numerical values. The subjects were patients with (n = 34) or without (n = 956) PAD. We revealed that the PAD patients had more missing teeth (17.5 ± 11.0), a higher rate of edentulism (18%), and higher serum inflammatory factor levels than non-PAD patients (10.9 ± 8.7, 5%, respectively). On the other hand, there was no significant difference between hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking status, HbA1c, bacterial antibody titers, and bacterial counts between the groups. In conclusion, we clarified that PAD patients had decreased tooth number and worsened oral and periodontal condition with enhanced systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Aoyama
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Naho Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hanatani
- Educational Cooperation Center, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ashigaki
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Yoshida
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yuka Shiheido
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kumagai
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Isobe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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98
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Lin Q, Qin X, Shi M, Qin Z, Meng Y, Qin Z, Guo S. Schisandrin B inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by activating Nrf2. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:142-147. [PMID: 28577438 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Schisandrin B (SchB), an active ingredient extracted from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill, has been known to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of SchB in LPS-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The effects of SchB on VCAM-1, ICAM-1, NF-κB and Nrf2 expression were detected by western blot analysis. The effects of SchB on TNF-α and IL-8 production were detected by ELISA. The results showed that SchB strongly suppressed the production of TNF-α and IL-8 in HUVECs stimulated with LPS. SchB also inhibited LPS-induced VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression. Furthermore, SchB blocked the activation of NF-κB induced by LPS. In addition, SchB increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. And the inhibition of TNF-α and IL-8 production by SchB was blocked by transfection with Nrf2 siRNA. Our findings showed that SchB inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in HUVECs by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuning Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mei Shi
- Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangxi, Guangxi Food And Drug Administration, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhong Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanbiao Meng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhongyu Qin
- Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangxi, Guangxi Food And Drug Administration, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sien Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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99
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Mahmud HA, Seo H, Kim S, Islam MI, Nam KW, Cho HD, Song HY. Thymoquinone (TQ) inhibits the replication of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and modulates nitric oxide production. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:279. [PMID: 28545436 PMCID: PMC5445392 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Human tuberculosis, which is caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a major public health concern. Increasing drug resistance poses a threat of disease resurgence and continues to cause considerable mortality worldwide, which necessitates the development of new drugs with improved efficacy. Thymoquinone (TQ), an essential compound of Nigella sativa, was previously reported as an active anti-tuberculosis agent. Methods In this study, the effects of TQ on intracellular mycobacterial replication are examined in macrophages. In addition, its effect on mycobacteria-induced NO production and pro-inflammatory responses were investigated in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-infected Type II human alveolar and human myeloid cell lines. Results TQ at concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 25 μg/mL and 6.25 to 12.5 μg/mL reduced intracellular M. tuberculosis H37Rv and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) 72 h post-infection in RAW 264.7 cells. TQ treatment also produced a concentration-dependent reduction in nitric oxide production in both H37Rv and XDR-TB infected RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, TQ reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) in H37Rv-infected cells and eventually reduced pathogen-derived stress in host cells. Conclusions TQ inhibits intracellular H37Rv and XDR-TB replication and MTB-induced production of NO and pro-inflammatory molecules. Therefore, along with its anti-inflammatory effects, TQ represents a prospective treatment option to combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
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100
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Gomez JP, Gonçalves C, Pichon C, Midoux P. Effect of IL-1β, TNF-α and IGF-1 on trans-endothelial passage of synthetic vectors through an in vitro vascular endothelial barrier of striated muscle. Gene Ther 2017; 24:416-424. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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