51
|
Disease-Toxicant Interactions in Parkinson's Disease Neuropathology. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:1772-1786. [PMID: 27613618 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human disease commonly manifests as a result of complex genetic and environmental interactions. In the case of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), understanding how environmental exposures collude with genetic polymorphisms in the central nervous system to cause dysfunction is critical in order to develop better treatment strategies, therapies, and a more cohesive paradigm for future research. The intersection of genetics and the environment in disease etiology is particularly relevant in the context of their shared pathophysiological mechanisms. This review offers an integrated view of disease-toxicant interactions in PD. Particular attention is dedicated to how mutations in the genes SNCA, parkin, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and DJ-1, as well as dysfunction of the ubiquitin proteasome system, may contribute to PD and how exposure to heavy metals, pesticides and illicit drugs may further the consequences of these mutations to exacerbate PD and PD-like disorders. Although the toxic effects induced by exposure to these environmental factors may not be the primary causes of PD, their mechanisms of action are critical for our current understanding of the neuropathologies driving PD. Elucidating how environment and genetics collude to cause pathogenesis of PD will facilitate the development of more effective treatments for the disease. Additionally, we discuss the neuroprotection exerted by estrogen and other compounds that may prevent PD and provide an overview of current treatment strategies and therapies.
Collapse
|
52
|
Bailey DC, Todt CE, Orfield SE, Denney RD, Snapp IB, Negga R, Montgomery KM, Bailey AC, Pressley AS, Traynor WL, Fitsanakis VA. Caenorhabditis elegans chronically exposed to a Mn/Zn ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate fungicide show mitochondrial Complex I inhibition and increased reactive oxygen species. Neurotoxicology 2016; 56:170-179. [PMID: 27502893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reports have linked human exposure to Mn/Zn ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate (Mn/Zn-EBDC) fungicides with multiple pathologies, from dermatitis to central nervous system dysfunction. Although members of this family of agrochemicals have been available for over 50 years, their mechanism of toxicity in humans is still unclear. Since mitochondrial inhibition and oxidative stress are implicated in a wide variety of diseases, we hypothesized that Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) exposed to a commercially-available formulation of an Mn/Zn-EBDC-containing fungicide (Manzate; MZ) would also show these endpoints. Thus, worms were treated chronically (24h) with various MZ concentrations and assayed for reduced mitochondrial function and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxygen consumption studies suggested Complex I inhibition in all treatment groups compared to controls (**p<0.01). In order to verify these findings, assays specific for Complex II or Complex IV activity were also completed. Data analysis from these studies indicated that neither complex was adversely affected by MZ treatment. Additional data from ATP assays indicated a statistically significant decrease (***p<0.001) in ATP levels in all treatment groups when compared to control worms. Further studies were completed to determine if exposure of C. elegans to MZ also resulted in increased ROS concentrations. Studies demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide, but not superoxide or hydroxyl radical, levels were statistically significantly increased (*p<0.05). Since hydrogen peroxide is known to up-regulate glutathione-S-transferase (GST), we used a GST:green fluorescent protein transgenic worm strain to test this hypothesis. Results from these studies indicated a statistically significant increase (***p<0.001) in green pixel number following MZ exposure. Taken together, these data indicate that C. elegans treated with MZ concentrations to which humans are exposed show mitochondrial Complex I inhibition with concomitant hydrogen peroxide production. Since these mechanisms are associated with numerous human diseases, we suggest further studies to determine if MZ exposure induces similar toxic mechanisms in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Bailey
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Callie E Todt
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Sarah E Orfield
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Rachel D Denney
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Isaac B Snapp
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Rekek Negga
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Kara M Montgomery
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Andrew C Bailey
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Aireal S Pressley
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Wendy L Traynor
- King University, Department of Mathematics and Physics, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Vanessa A Fitsanakis
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Tsang MM, Trombetta LD. The protective role of chelators and antioxidants on mancozeb-induced toxicity in rat hippocampal astrocytes. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 23:459-70. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233708089039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mancozeb, manganese ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate with zinc salts, is one of the most commonly used fungicides in the United States. Epidemiological and experimental data showed that mancozeb causes detrimental effects on various organ systems including the reproductive, endocrine, immune, and central nervous system. Increasing evidence has shown a strong association between pesticides and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined the neurotoxic potential of mancozeb in rat hippocampal astrocytes. The cytotoxicity of mancozeb was found to be dose dependent and recovery studies showed that cells exposed to mancozeb for 1 h did not recover from mancozeb-induced insult. Atomic absorption data showed a significant accumulation of manganese in astrocytes after 1 h of treatment. This study further investigated whether various chelators and antioxidants could prevent mancozeb-induced cytotoxicity. Our data reported that butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was the most effective agent in protecting against mancozeb insult. BHT also increased total cellular antioxidants of astrocytes after 1-h mancozeb exposure. In summary, this study reported for the first time that the manganese portion of mancozeb might be, at least in part, responsible for the toxicity. Mancozeb-induced cytotoxicity in astroyctes can be protected by BHT and that this antioxidant increased the total cellular antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MM Tsang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St John’s University, Jamaica, New York, USA
| | - LD Trombetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St John’s University, Jamaica, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Kumari R, Jha RR, Singh MP, Patel DK. Whirling agitated single drop microextraction technique for the simultaneous analysis of Paraquat and Maneb in tissue samples of treated mice. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1725-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupender Kumari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus; Lucknow U.P. India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research; Lucknow U.P. India
| | - Rakesh R. Jha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus; Lucknow U.P. India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research; Lucknow U.P. India
| | - Mahendra P. Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus; Lucknow U.P. India
- Division of Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research; Lucknow U.P. India
| | - Devendra K. Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus; Lucknow U.P. India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research; Lucknow U.P. India
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Choi J, Polcher A, Joas A. Systematic literature review on Parkinson's disease and Childhood Leukaemia and mode of actions for pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.en-955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
56
|
Bouabid S, Tinakoua A, Lakhdar-Ghazal N, Benazzouz A. Manganese neurotoxicity: behavioral disorders associated with dysfunctions in the basal ganglia and neurochemical transmission. J Neurochem 2015; 136:677-691. [PMID: 26608821 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element required for many physiological functions. While it is essential at physiological levels, excessive accumulation of Mn in the brain causes severe dysfunctions in the central nervous system known as manganism. Manganism is an extrapyramidal disorder characterized by motor disturbances associated with neuropsychiatric and cognitive disabilities similar to Parkinsonism. As the primary brain regions targeted by Mn are the basal ganglia, known to be involved in the pathophysiology of extrapyramidal disorders, this review will examine the impact of Mn exposure on the basal ganglia circuitry and neurotransmitters in relation to motor and non-motor disorders. The collected data from recent available studies in humans and experimental animal models provide new information about the mechanisms by which Mn affects behavior, neurotransmitters, and basal ganglia function observed in manganism. The effects of the alterations of metals on basal ganglia and neurochemical functioning are critical to develop effective modalities not only for the treatment of vulnerable populations (e.g., Mn-exposed workers) but also for understanding the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases where brain metal imbalances are involved, such as Parkinson's disease. We examine the impact of manganese (Mn) exposure on the basal ganglia circuitry and neurotransmitters in relation with motor and non-motor disorders. The collected data from available studies show that when accumulated in the globus pallidus, Mn influences the subthalamic (STN) and substantia nigra (SN) neurons, which are at the origin of changes in the thalamus and the cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safa Bouabid
- University de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, Equipe Rythmes Biologiques, Neurosciences et Environnement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Anass Tinakoua
- University de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, Equipe Rythmes Biologiques, Neurosciences et Environnement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nouria Lakhdar-Ghazal
- Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, Equipe Rythmes Biologiques, Neurosciences et Environnement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid Benazzouz
- University de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Shukla S, Singh D, Kumar V, Chauhan AK, Singh S, Ahmad I, Pandey HP, Singh C. NADPH oxidase mediated maneb- and paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rat polymorphs: Crosstalk with mitochondrial dysfunction. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 123:74-86. [PMID: 26267055 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key factor in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and impaired mitochondrion regulate oxidative stress-mediated maneb (MB)- and paraquat (PQ)-induced Parkinsonism. However, their contribution in the MB- and PQ-induced toxicity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) is still elusive. The study investigated the role of NADPH oxidase and mitochondria in MB- and/or PQ-induced oxidative stress in the PMNs and the crossing point between the two. Animals were treated with MB and/or PQ for 1-3 weeks along with respective controls. In a few sets of experiments, rats were treated with/without NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin, an hour prior to MB and/or PQ treatment. PMNs of MB and/or PQ treated animals were also treated with/without carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) to assess the role of the mitochondria in superoxide and total free radical productions. MB and/or PQ were found to increase the level of total reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide radicals, catalytic activity and expression of NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD1/2) and mitochondrial ROS content in a time dependent manner. Conversely, catalase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential were attenuated. Apocynin alleviated MB- and/or PQ-induced changes in total ROS, superoxide radicals, expression/catalytic activity of NADPH oxidase and SOD1/2 along with the mitochondrial ROS and membrane potential. CCCP also inhibited ROS and superoxide levels in the PMNs of MB and/or PQ-treated animals. The results demonstrate the involvement of NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial dysfunction in MB and PQ-induced oxidative stress in PMNs and a plausible crosstalk between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Shukla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepali Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Amit Kumar Chauhan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Shweta Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Israr Ahmad
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Chetna Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Moon HE, Paek SH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Exp Neurobiol 2015; 24:103-16. [PMID: 26113789 PMCID: PMC4479806 DOI: 10.5607/en.2015.24.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Defective mitochondrial function and increased oxidative stress (OS) have been demonstrated as having an important role in PD pathogenesis, although the underlying mechanism is not clear. The etiopathogenesis of sporadic PD is complex with variable contributions of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. Both these factors influence various mitochondrial aspects, including their life cycle, bioenergetic capacity, quality control, dynamic changes of morphology and connectivity (fusion, fission), subcellular distribution (transport), and the regulation of cell death pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction has mainly been reported in various non-dopaminergic cells and tissue samples from human patients as well as transgenic mouse and fruit fly models of PD. Thus, the mitochondria represent a highly promising target for the development of PD biomarkers. However, the limited amount of dopaminergic neurons prevented investigation of their detailed study. For the first time, we established human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized wild type, idiopathic and Parkin deficient mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from the adipose tissues of PD patients, which could be used as a good cellular model to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction for the better understanding of PD pathology and for the development of early diagnostic markers and effective therapy targets of PD. In this review, we examine evidence for the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and increased OS in the neuronal loss that leads to PD and discuss how this knowledge further improve the treatment for patients with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Bronstein JM, Paul K, Yang L, Haas RH, Shults CW, Le T, Ritz B. Platelet mitochondrial activity and pesticide exposure in early Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2015; 30:862-6. [PMID: 25757798 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the cause of this dysfunction is unclear. METHODS Platelet mitochondrial complex I and I/III (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cytochrome c reductase, NCCR) activities were measured in early PD patients and matched controls enrolled in a population-based case-control study. Ambient agricultural pesticide exposures were assessed with a geographic information system and California Pesticide Use Registry. RESULTS In contrast to some previous reports, we found no differences in complex I and I/III activities in subjects with PD and controls. We did find that NCCR activity correlated with subjects' exposure to pesticides known to inhibit mitochondrial activity regardless of their diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Electron transport chain (ETC) activity is not altered in PD in this well-characterized cohort when compared with community-matched controls but appears to be affected by environmental toxins, such as mitochondria-inhibiting pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kimberly Paul
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Laurice Yang
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard H Haas
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Clifford W Shults
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Thuy Le
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Lopert P, Patel M. Mitochondrial mechanisms of redox cycling agents implicated in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 123:113-23. [PMID: 25749885 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental agents have been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) based on epidemiological studies and the ability of toxicants to replicate features of PD. However, the precise mechanisms by which toxicants induce dopaminergic toxicity observed in the idiopathic form of PD remain to be fully understood. The roles of ROS and mitochondria are strongly suggested in the mechanisms by which these toxicants exert dopaminergic toxicity. There are marked differences and similarities shared by the toxicants in increasing steady-state levels of mitochondrial ROS. Furthermore, toxicants increase steady-state mitochondrial ROS levels by stimulating the production, inhibiting the antioxidant pathways of both. This review will focus on the role of mitochondria and ROS in PD associated with environmental exposures to redox-based toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Lopert
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Manisha Patel
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Al-Alam J, Millet M, Chbani A, Fajloun Z. Contribution to the food products' analysis: A research and evaluation on the hemolytic effect of some pesticides used in Lebanon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:788-796. [PMID: 26357889 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1058095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a real concern for the society as their use has become critical, leading sometimes to their accumulation as residues in fruits and vegetables. After examining the pesticides sold in Northern Lebanon, this study is focused on the analysis and identification of pesticides residues in fruits and vegetables that are harvested in this region and treated with the locally sold pesticides. Results show: first, (i) a use of Zineb by the name of another pesticide Micronized Sulfur to avoid prosecution; (ii) a significant presence of Metalaxyl in lemons and oranges; (iii) a significant presence of Trifluralin in strawberries; and (iv) a significant presence of Zineb in lemons and tomatoes. Second, with the use of hemolytic tests on human blood results show: (i) a critical concentration and a significant hemolytic effect of some pesticides used in Lebanon; and (ii) an absence of hemolytic effect in the collected fractions of the different analyzed fruit extracts containing pesticides. Finally, this work is the first step for pesticides' analysis in vegetables and fruits in Lebanon, initiating a wider analytical study in order to control and examine the use of pesticides which, according to our results, could have an adverse effect on human health over a long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Al-Alam
- a Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University , Tripoli , Lebanon
- b Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health, ICPEES UMR 7515, Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Maurice Millet
- b Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health, ICPEES UMR 7515, Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Asma Chbani
- a Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University , Tripoli , Lebanon
- c Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University , Tripoli , Lebanon
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- a Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University , Tripoli , Lebanon
- d Faculty of Sciences III, Lebanese University , Tripoli , Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Abstract
In recent years, the contribution of exposure to environmental toxicants has been recognized as a significant contributor to the etiopathogenesis of parkinsonism. Of these toxicants, exposure to pesticides, metals, solvents used in manufacturing processes, as well as flame-retardant chemicals used in consumer and commercial products, has received the greatest attention as possible risk factors. Related to this, individuals who are exposed to these compounds at high concentrations or for prolonged periods of time in an occupational setting appear to be one of the more vulnerable populations to these effects. Our understanding of which compounds are involved and the potential molecular pathways that are susceptible to these chemicals and may underlie the pathogenesis has greatly improved. However, there are still hundreds of chemicals that we are exposed to in the environment for which we do not have any information on their potential neurotoxicity on the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Thus, using our past accomplishments as a blueprint, future endeavors should focus on elaborating upon these initial findings in order to identify specific and relevant chemical toxicants in our environment that can impact the risk of parkinsonism and work towards a means to attenuate or abolish their effects on the human population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Michael Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Pesticides exposure as etiological factors of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases—A mechanistic approach. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:85-103. [PMID: 24503016 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
64
|
Martin CA, Barajas A, Lawless G, Lawal HO, Assani K, Lumintang YP, Nunez V, Krantz DE. Synergistic effects on dopamine cell death in a Drosophila model of chronic toxin exposure. Neurotoxicology 2014; 44:344-51. [PMID: 25160001 PMCID: PMC4264678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The neurodegenerative effects of Parkinson's disease (PD) are marked by a selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic exposure to the pesticide paraquat may increase the risk for PD and DA cell loss. However, combined exposure with additional fungicide(s) including maneb and/or ziram may be required for pathogenesis. To explore potential pathogenic mechanisms, we have developed a Drosophila model of chronic paraquat exposure. We find that while chronic paraquat exposure alone decreased organismal survival and motor function, combined chronic exposure to both paraquat and maneb was required for DA cell death in the fly. To initiate mechanistic studies of this interaction, we used additional genetic reagents to target the ubiquitin proteasome system, which has been implicated in some rare familial forms of PD and the toxic effects of ziram. Genetic inhibition of E1 ubiquitin ligase, but not the proteasome itself, increased DA cell death in combination with maneb but not paraquat. These studies establish a model for long-term exposure to multiple pesticides, and support the idea that pesticide interactions relevant to PD may involve inhibition of protein ubiquitination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara A Martin
- UCLA Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Angel Barajas
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - George Lawless
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Hakeem O Lawal
- UCLA Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Khadij Assani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Yosephine P Lumintang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Vanessa Nunez
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - David E Krantz
- UCLA Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Joshi-Barr S, de Gracia Lux C, Mahmoud E, Almutairi A. Exploiting oxidative microenvironments in the body as triggers for drug delivery systems. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:730-54. [PMID: 24328819 PMCID: PMC4098119 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) play an important role in cell signaling pathways. However, the increased production of these species may disrupt cellular homeostasis, giving rise to pathological conditions. Biomaterials that are responsive to ROS/RNS can be strategically used to specifically release therapeutics and diagnostic agents to regions undergoing oxidative stress. RECENT ADVANCES Many nanocarriers intended to exploit redox micro-environments as triggers for drug release, summarized and compared in this review, have recently been developed. We describe these carriers' chemical structures, strategies for payload protection and oxidation-selective release, and ROS/RNS sensitivity as tested in initial studies. CRITICAL ISSUES ROS/RNS are unstable, so reliable measures of their concentrations in various conditions are scarce. Combined with the dearth of materials shown to respond to physiologically relevant levels of ROS/RNS, evaluations of their true sensitivity are difficult. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Oxidation-responsive nanocarriers developed thus far show tremendous potential for applicability in vivo; however, the sensitivity of these chemistries needs to be fine tuned to enable responses to physiological levels of ROS and RNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivanjali Joshi-Barr
- 1 Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Bioresponsive Materials, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress regulates HO-1 and GST expression in maneb- and paraquat-treated rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 393:209-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
67
|
Cheng SY, Oh S, Velasco M, Ta C, Montalvo J, Calderone A. RTP801 Regulates Maneb- and Mancozeb-Induced Cytotoxicity via NF-κB. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:302-11. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice; City University of New York; New York NY 10019 USA
| | - Seon Oh
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice; City University of New York; New York NY 10019 USA
| | - Marcela Velasco
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice; City University of New York; New York NY 10019 USA
| | - Christine Ta
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice; City University of New York; New York NY 10019 USA
| | - Jessica Montalvo
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice; City University of New York; New York NY 10019 USA
| | - Alyssa Calderone
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice; City University of New York; New York NY 10019 USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Hong S, Hwang J, Kim JY, Shin KS, Kang SJ. Heptachlor induced nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss and Parkinsonism-like movement deficits in mice. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e80. [PMID: 24577234 PMCID: PMC3944446 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between pesticide exposure and Parkinson's disease. In this study, we examined the neurotoxicity of an organochlorine pesticide, heptachlor, in vitro and in vivo. In cultured SH-SY5Y cells, heptachlor induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. When injected into mice intraperitoneally on a subchronic schedule, heptachlor induced selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition, the heptachlor injection induced gliosis of microglia and astrocytes selectively in the ventral midbrain area. When the general locomotor activities were monitored by open field test, the heptachlor injection did not induce any gross motor dysfunction. However, the compound induced Parkinsonism-like movement deficits when assessed by a gait and a pole test. These results suggest that heptachlor can induce Parkinson's disease-related neurotoxicities in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seokheon Hong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soon Shin
- Department of Biology, Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Jung Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Grosicka-Maciąg E, Szumiło M, Czeczot H, Kurpios-Piec D, Skrzycki M, Rahden-Staroń I. Modulation of antioxidant defense system by the dithiocarbamate fungicides Maneb and Zineb in Chinese hamster V79 cells and the role of N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:130-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
70
|
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, disabling neurodegenerative disorder that begins in mid to late life and is characterized by motor impairment, autonomic dysfunction, and, in many, psychological and cognitive changes. Recent advances have helped delineate pathogenetic mechanisms, yet the cause of PD in most individuals is unknown. Although at least 15 genes and genetic loci have been associated with PD, identified genetic causes are responsible for only a few percent of cases. Epidemiologic studies have found increased risk of PD associated with exposure to environmental toxicants such as pesticides, solvents, metals, and other pollutants, and many of these compounds recapitulate PD pathology in animal models. This review summarizes the environmental toxicology of PD, highlighting the consistency of observations across cellular, animal, and human studies of PD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
71
|
Hong S, Kim JY, Hwang J, Shin KS, Kang SJ. Heptachlor induced mitochondria-mediated cell death via impairing electron transport chain complex III. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:632-6. [PMID: 23867817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Environmental toxins like pesticides have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Epidemiological studies suggested that exposures to organochlorine pesticides have an association with an increased PD risk. In the present study, we examined the mechanism of toxicity induced by an organochlorine pesticide heptachlor. In a human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, heptachlor induced both morphological and functional damages in mitochondria. Interestingly, the compound inhibited mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III activity. Rapid generation of reactive oxygen species and the activation of Bax were then detected. Subsequently, mitochondria-mediated, caspase-dependent apoptosis followed. Our results raise a possibility that an organochlorine pesticide heptachlor can act as a neurotoxicant associated with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seokheon Hong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Subramaniam SR, Chesselet MF. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 106-107:17-32. [PMID: 23643800 PMCID: PMC3742021 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder that is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta resulting in dopamine deficiency in the striatum. Although majority of the PD cases are sporadic several genetic mutations have also been linked to the disease thus providing new opportunities to study the pathology of the illness. Studies in humans and various animal models of PD reveal that mitochondrial dysfunction might be a defect that occurs early in PD pathogenesis and appears to be a widespread feature in both sporadic and monogenic forms of PD. The general mitochondrial abnormalities linked with the disease include mitochondrial electron transport chain impairment, alterations in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, mitochondrial DNA mutations and anomaly in calcium homeostasis. Mitochondria are vital organelles with multiple functions and their dysfunction can lead to a decline in energy production, generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of stress-induced apoptosis. In this review, we give an outline of mitochondrial functions that are affected in the pathogenesis of sporadic and familial PD, and hence provide insights that might be valuable for focused future research to exploit possible mitochondrial targets for neuroprotective interventions in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Raja Subramaniam
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Involvement of NF Kappa B in Potentiated Effect of Mn-containing Dithiocarbamates on MPP+ Induced Cell Death. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:815-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
74
|
Moretto A, Colosio C. The role of pesticide exposure in the genesis of Parkinson's disease: Epidemiological studies and experimental data. Toxicology 2013; 307:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
75
|
Uchida A, Oh-hashi K, Kiuchi K, Hirata Y. Manganese regulates caspase-3 gene promoter activity by inducing Sp1 phosphorylation in PC12 cells. Toxicology 2012; 302:292-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
76
|
Blanc-Lapierre A, Bouvier G, Garrigou A, Canal-Raffin M, Raherison C, Brochard P, Baldi I. Effets chroniques des pesticides sur le système nerveux central : état des connaissances épidémiologiques. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2012; 60:389-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
77
|
Silva BA, Breydo L, Fink AL, Uversky VN. Agrochemicals, α-synuclein, and Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:598-612. [PMID: 22933040 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological, population-based case-control, and experimental studies at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels revealed that exposure to various environmental agents, including a number of structurally different agrochemicals, may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and several other neurodegenerative disorders. The role of genetic predisposition in PD has also been increasingly acknowledged, driven by the identification of a number of disease-related genes [e.g., α-synuclein, parkin, DJ-1, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCH-L1), and nuclear receptor-related factor 1]. Therefore, the etiology of this multifactorial disease is likely to involve both genetic and environmental factors. Various neurotoxicants, including agrochemicals, have been shown to elevate the levels of α-synuclein expression in neurons and to promote aggregation of this protein in vivo. Many agrochemicals physically interact with α-synuclein and accelerate the fibrillation and aggregation rates of this protein in vitro. This review analyzes some of the aspects linking α-synuclein to PD, provides brief structural and functional descriptions of this important protein, and represents some data connecting exposure to agrochemicals with α-synuclein aggregation and PD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca A Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized, in part, by the progressive and selective loss of dopaminergic neuron cell bodies within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the associated deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in the striatum, which gives rise to the typical motor symptoms of PD. The mechanisms that contribute to the induction and progressive cell death of dopaminergic neurons in PD are multi-faceted and remain incompletely understood. Data from epidemiological studies in humans and molecular studies in genetic, as well as toxin-induced animal models of parkinsonism, indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early in the pathogenesis of both familial and idiopathic PD. In this review, we provide an overview of toxin models of mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental Parkinson's disease and discuss mitochondrial mechanisms of neurotoxicity. RECENT ADVANCES A new toxin model using the mitochondrial toxin trichloroethylene was recently described and novel methods, such as intranasal exposure to toxins, have been explored. Additionally, recent research conducted in toxin models of parkinsonism provides an emerging emphasis on extranigral aspects of PD pathology. CRITICAL ISSUES Unfortunately, none of the existing animal models of experimental PD completely mimics the etiology, progression, and pathology of human PD. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Continued efforts to optimize established animal models of parkinsonism, as well as the development and characterization of new animal models are essential, as there still remains a disconnect in terms of translating mechanistic observations in animal models of experimental PD into bona fide disease-modifying therapeutics for human PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terina N Martinez
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Horváth E, Máté Z, Takács S, Pusztai P, Sápi A, Kónya Z, Nagymajtényi L, Papp A. General and electrophysiological toxic effects of manganese in rats following subacute administration in dissolved and nanoparticle form. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:520632. [PMID: 22654621 PMCID: PMC3361337 DOI: 10.1100/2012/520632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to model occupational and environmental Mn exposures and their possible interaction, young male Wistar rats were exposed to Mn by oral administration in dissolved form (MnCl(2)·4H(2)O, 14.84 and 59.36 mg/kg b.w.) and by intratracheal application of MnO(2) nanoparticles (2.63 mg/kg b.w.). After 3 and 6 weeks oral, or 3 weeks oral plus 3 weeks intratracheal, exposure, general toxicological, and electrophysiological tests were done. Body weight gain was significantly reduced after 6 and 3 plus 3 weeks exposure, but the effect of the latter on the pace of weight gain was stronger. Organ weights signalized systemic stress and effect on lungs. Changes in evoked electrophysiological responses (cortical sensory evoked potential and nerve action potential) indicated that the 3 plus 3 weeks combined exposure caused equal or higher changes in the latency of these responses than 6 weeks of exposure, although the calculated summed Mn dose in the former case was lower. The results showed the importance of the physicochemical form of Mn in determining the toxic outcome, and suggested that neurofunctional markers of Mn action may indicate the human health effect better than conventional blood Mn measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edina Horváth
- Department of Public Health, University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine, Dóm tér 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Concordant signaling pathways produced by pesticide exposure in mice correspond to pathways identified in human Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36191. [PMID: 22563483 PMCID: PMC3341364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease in which the etiology of 90 percent of the patients is unknown. Pesticide exposure is a major risk factor for PD, and paraquat (PQ), pyridaben (PY) and maneb (MN) are amongst the most widely used pesticides. We studied mRNA expression using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) in the ventral midbrain (VMB) and striatum (STR) of PQ, PY and paraquat+maneb (MNPQ) treated mice, followed by pathway analysis. We found concordance of signaling pathways between the three pesticide models in both the VMB and STR as well as concordance in these two brain areas. The concordant signaling pathways with relevance to PD pathogenesis were e.g. axonal guidance signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as well as pathways not previously linked to PD, e.g. basal cell carcinoma, human embryonic stem cell pluripotency and role of macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Human PD pathways previously identified by expression analysis, concordant with VMB pathways identified in our study were axonal guidance signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, IL-6 signaling, ephrin receptor signaling, TGF-β signaling, PPAR signaling and G-protein coupled receptor signaling. Human PD pathways concordant with the STR pathways in our study were Wnt/β-catenin signaling, axonal guidance signaling and G-protein coupled receptor signaling. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (Ppard) and G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) were common genes in VMB and STR identified by network analysis. In conclusion, the pesticides PQ, PY and MNPQ elicit common signaling pathways in the VMB and STR in mice, which are concordant with known signaling pathways identified in human PD, suggesting that these pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic PD. The analysis of these networks and pathways may therefore lead to improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, and potential novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
81
|
Negga R, Stuart JA, Machen ML, Salva J, Lizek AJ, Richardson SJ, Osborne AS, Mirallas O, McVey KA, Fitsanakis VA. Exposure to glyphosate- and/or Mn/Zn-ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate-containing pesticides leads to degeneration of γ-aminobutyric acid and dopamine neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans. Neurotox Res 2012; 21:281-90. [PMID: 21922334 PMCID: PMC3288661 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrate a positive correlation between pesticide usage and Parkinson's disease (PD), which preferentially targets dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. In order to examine the potential relationship between two common pesticides and specific neurodegeneration, we chronically (24 h) or acutely (30 min) exposed two Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) strains to varying concentrations (LC(25), LC(50) or LC(75)) of TouchDown(®) (TD) as percent active ingredient (glyphosate), or Mancozeb(®) (MZ) as percent active ingredient (manganese/zinc ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate). Furthermore, to more precisely model environmental exposure, worms were also exposed to TD for 30 min, followed by 30-min incubation with varying MZ concentrations. Previous data from out lab suggested general neuronal degeneration using the worm strain NW1229 (pan-neuronal//green fluorescent protein (GFP) construct). To determine whether distinct neuronal groups were preferentially affected, we specifically used EG1285 (GABAergic neurons//GFP construct) and BZ555 (DAergic neurons//GFP construct) worms to verify GABAergic and DAergic neurodegeneration, respectively. Results indicated a statistically significant decrease, when compared to controls (CN), in number of green pixels associated with GABAergic neurons in both chronic (*P < 0.05) and acute (*P < 0.05) treatment paradigms. Analysis of the BZ555 worms indicated a statistically significant decrease (*P < 0.05) in number of green pixels associated with DAergic neurons in both treatment paradigms (chronic and acute) when compared to CN. Taken together, our data suggest that exposure to TD and/or MZ promotes neurodegeneration in both GABAergic and DAergic neurons in the model organism C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rekek Negga
- King College, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620 USA
| | - J Andrew Stuart
- King College, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620 USA
| | - Morgan L Machen
- King College, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620 USA
| | - Joel Salva
- King College, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620 USA
| | - Amanda J Lizek
- King College, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620 USA
| | - S Jayne Richardson
- King College, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620 USA
| | - Amanda S Osborne
- King College, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620 USA
| | - Oriol Mirallas
- King College, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620 USA
| | - Kenneth A McVey
- King College, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620 USA
| | - Vanessa A Fitsanakis
- King College, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620 USA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Duty S, Jenner P. Animal models of Parkinson's disease: a source of novel treatments and clues to the cause of the disease. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1357-91. [PMID: 21486284 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have proved highly effective in the discovery of novel treatments for motor symptoms of PD and in the search for clues to the underlying cause of the illness. Models based on specific pathogenic mechanisms may subsequently lead to the development of neuroprotective agents for PD that stop or slow disease progression. The array of available rodent models is large and ranges from acute pharmacological models, such as the reserpine- or haloperidol-treated rats that display one or more parkinsonian signs, to models exhibiting destruction of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal pathway, such as the classical 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse models. All of these have provided test beds in which new molecules for treating the motor symptoms of PD can be assessed. In addition, the emergence of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) with repeated treatment of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats with L-DOPA has allowed for examination of the mechanisms responsible for treatment-related dyskinesia in PD, and the detection of molecules able to prevent or reverse their appearance. Other toxin-based models of nigro-striatal tract degeneration include the systemic administration of the pesticides rotenone and paraquat, but whilst providing clues to disease pathogenesis, these are not so commonly used for drug development. The MPTP-treated primate model of PD, which closely mimics the clinical features of PD and in which all currently used anti-parkinsonian medications have been shown to be effective, is undoubtedly the most clinically-relevant of all available models. The MPTP-treated primate develops clear dyskinesia when repeatedly exposed to L-DOPA, and these parkinsonian animals have shown responses to novel dopaminergic agents that are highly predictive of their effect in man. Whether non-dopaminergic drugs show the same degree of predictability of response is a matter of debate. As our understanding of the pathogenesis of PD has improved, so new rodent models produced by agents mimicking these mechanisms, including proteasome inhibitors such as PSI, lactacystin and epoximycin or inflammogens like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been developed. A further generation of models aimed at mimicking the genetic causes of PD has also sprung up. Whilst these newer models have provided further clues to the disease pathology, they have so far been less commonly used for drug development. There is little doubt that the availability of experimental animal models of PD has dramatically altered dopaminergic drug treatment of the illness and the prevention and reversal of drug-related side effects that emerge with disease progression and chronic medication. However, so far, we have made little progress in moving into other pharmacological areas for the treatment of PD, and we have not developed models that reflect the progressive nature of the illness and its complexity in terms of the extent of pathology and biochemical change. Only when this occurs are we likely to make progress in developing agents to stop or slow the disease progression. The overarching question that draws all of these models together in the quest for better drug treatments for PD is how well do they recapitulate the human condition and how predictive are they of successful translation of drugs into the clinic? This article aims to clarify the current position and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of available models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Duty
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
OXPHOS toxicogenomics and Parkinson's disease. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2011; 728:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
84
|
Dodd CA, Filipov NM. Manganese potentiates LPS-induced heme-oxygenase 1 in microglia but not dopaminergic cells: role in controlling microglial hydrogen peroxide and inflammatory cytokine output. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:683-92. [PMID: 21963524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Excessive manganese (Mn) exposure increases output of glial-derived inflammatory products, which may indirectly contribute to the neurotoxic effects of this essential metal. In microglia, Mn increases hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) release and potentiates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO). Inducible heme-oxygenase (HO-1) plays a role in the regulation of inflammation and its expression is upregulated in response to oxidative stressors, including metals and LPS. Because Mn can oxidatively affect neurons both directly and indirectly, we investigated the effect of Mn exposure on the induction of HO-1 in resting and LPS-activated microglia (N9) and dopaminergic neurons (N27). In microglia, 24h exposure to Mn (up to 250 μM) had minimal effects on its own, but it markedly potentiated LPS (100 ng/ml)-induced HO-1 protein and mRNA. Inhibition of microglial HO-1 activity with two different inhibitors indicated that HO-1 is a positive regulator of the Mn-potentiated cytokine output and a negative regulator of the Mn-induced H(2)O(2) output. Mn enhancement of LPS-induced HO-1 does not appear to be dependent on H(2)O(2) or NO, as Mn+LPS-induced H(2)O(2) release was not greater than the increase induced by Mn alone and inhibition of iNOS did not change Mn potentiation of HO-1. However, because Mn exposure potentiated the LPS-induced nuclear expression of small Maf proteins, this may be one mechanism Mn uses to affect the expression of HO-1 in activated microglia. Finally, the potentiating effects of Mn on HO-1 appear to be glia-specific for Mn, LPS, or Mn+LPS did not induce HO-1 in N27 neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia A Dodd
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Moretto A, Colosio C. Biochemical and toxicological evidence of neurological effects of pesticides: The example of Parkinson's disease. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:383-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
86
|
Negga R, Rudd DA, Davis NS, Justice AN, Hatfield HE, Valente AL, Fields AS, Fitsanakis VA. Exposure to Mn/Zn ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate and glyphosate pesticides leads to neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:331-41. [PMID: 21376751 PMCID: PMC3084150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests positive correlations between pesticide usage and the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD). To further explore this relationship, we used wild type (N2) Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to test the following hypothesis: Exposure to a glyphosate-containing herbicide (TD) and/or a manganese/zinc ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate-containing fungicide (MZ) may lead to neurotoxicity. We exposed N2 worms to varying concentrations of TD or MZ for 30 min (acute) or 24h (chronic). To replicate agricultural usage, a third population was exposed to TD (acute) followed by MZ (acute). For acute TD exposure, the LC(50)=8.0% (r(2)=0.6890), while the chronic LC(50)=5.7% (r(2)=0.9433). Acute MZ exposure led to an LC(50)=0.22% (r(2)=0.5093), and chronic LC(50)=0.50% (r(2)=0.9733). The combined treatment for TD+MZ yielded an LC(50)=12.5% (r(2)=0.6367). Further studies in NW1229 worms, a pan-neuronally green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged strain, indicated a statistically significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent reduction in green pixel number in neurons of treated worms following each paradigm. This reduction of pixel number was accompanied by visual neurodegeneration in photomicrographs. For the dual treatment, Bliss analysis suggested synergistic interactions. Taken together, these data suggest neuronal degeneration occurs in C. elegans following treatment with environmentally relevant concentrations of TD or MZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rekek Negga
- Department of Biology, King College, Bristol, TN 37620 USA
| | - David A. Rudd
- Department of Biology, King College, Bristol, TN 37620 USA
| | | | | | | | - Ana L. Valente
- Department of Biology, King College, Bristol, TN 37620 USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Rivera-Mancía S, Ríos C, Montes S. Manganese accumulation in the CNS and associated pathologies. Biometals 2011; 24:811-25. [PMID: 21533671 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-011-9454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for life. It is a key constituent of clue enzymes in the central nervous system, contributing to antioxidant defenses, energetic metabolism, ammonia detoxification, among other important functions. Until now, Mn transport mechanisms are partially understood; however, it is known that it shares some mechanisms of transport with iron. CNS is susceptible to Mn toxicity because it possesses mechanisms that allow Mn entry and favor its accumulation. Cases of occupational Mn exposure have been extensively reported in the literature; however, there are other ways of exposure, such as long-term parental nutrition and liver failure. Manganism and hepatic encephalopathy are the most common pathologies associated with the effects of Mn exposure. Both pathologies are associated with motor and psychiatric disturbances, related in turn to mechanisms of damage such as oxidative stress and neurotransmitters alterations, the dopaminergic system being one of the most affected. Although manganism and Parkinson's disease share some characteristics, they differ in many aspects that are discussed here. The mechanisms for Mn transport and its participation in manganism and hepatic encephalopathy are also considered in this review. It is necessary to find an effective therapeutic strategy to decrease Mn levels in exposed individuals and to treat Mn long term effects. In the case of patients with chronic liver failure it would be worthwhile to test a low-Mn diet in order to ameliorate symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy possibly related to Mn accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rivera-Mancía
- Neurochemistry Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery 'Manuel Velasco Suárez', Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Wang A, Costello S, Cockburn M, Zhang X, Bronstein J, Ritz B. Parkinson's disease risk from ambient exposure to pesticides. Eur J Epidemiol 2011; 26:547-55. [PMID: 21505849 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-011-9574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the heavy and expanding agricultural use of neurotoxic pesticides suspected to affect dopaminergic neurons, it is imperative to closely examine the role of pesticides in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). We focus our investigation on pesticide use in California's heavily agricultural central valley by utilizing a unique pesticide use reporting system. From 2001 to 2007, we enrolled 362 incident PD cases and 341 controls living in the Central Valley of California. Employing our geographic information system model, we estimated ambient exposures to the pesticides ziram, maneb, and paraquat at work places and residences from 1974 to 1999. At workplaces, combined exposure to ziram, maneb, and paraquat increased risk of PD three-fold (OR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.69, 5.64) and combined exposure to ziram and paraquat, excluding maneb exposure, was associated with a 80% increase in risk (OR:1.82; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.21). Risk estimates for ambient workplace exposure were greater than for exposures at residences and were especially high for younger onset PD patients and when exposed in both locations. Our study is the first to implicate ziram in PD etiology. Combined ambient exposure to ziram and paraquat as well as combined ambient exposure to maneb and paraquat at both workplaces and residences increased PD risk substantially. Those exposed to ziram, maneb, and paraquat together experienced the greatest increase in PD risk. Our results suggest that pesticides affecting different mechanisms that contribute to dopaminergic neuron death may act together to increase the risk of PD considerably.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Wang
- Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, BOX 951772, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Grosicka-Maciąg E, Kurpios-Piec D, Szumiło M, Grzela T, Rahden-Staroń I. Protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine against maneb induced oxidative and apoptotic injury in Chinese hamster V79 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1020-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
90
|
Roede JR, Hansen JM, Go YM, Jones DP. Maneb and paraquat-mediated neurotoxicity: involvement of peroxiredoxin/thioredoxin system. Toxicol Sci 2011; 121:368-75. [PMID: 21402726 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and in vivo studies have demonstrated that exposure to the pesticides paraquat (PQ) and maneb (MB) increase the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) and cause dopaminergic cell loss, respectively. PQ is a well-recognized cause of oxidative toxicity; therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if MB potentiates oxidative stress caused by PQ, thus providing a mechanism for enhanced neurotoxicity by the combination. The results show that PQ alone at a moderately toxic dose (20-30% cell death in 24 h) caused increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, oxidation of mitochondrial thioredoxin-2 and peroxiredoxin-3, lesser oxidation of cytoplasmic thioredoxin-1 and peroxiredoxin-1, and no oxidation of cellular GSH/GSSG. In contrast, MB alone at a similar toxic dose resulted in no ROS generation, no oxidation of thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin, and an increase in cellular GSH after 24 h. Together, MB increased GSH and inhibited ROS production and thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin oxidation observed with PQ alone, yet resulted in more extensive (> 50%) cell death. MB treatment resulted in increased abundance of nuclear Nrf2 and mRNA for phase II enzymes under the control of Nrf2, indicating activation of cell protective responses. The results show that MB potentiation of PQ neurotoxicity does not occur by enhancing oxidative stress and suggests that increased toxicity occurs by a combination of divergent mechanisms, perhaps involving alkylation by MB and oxidation by PQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Roede
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Tsagué Manfo FP, Chao WF, Moundipa PF, Pugeat M, Wang PS. Effects of maneb on testosterone release in male rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 34:120-8. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2010.482589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
92
|
Effects of mancozeb and other dithiocarbamate fungicides on Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the role of mitochondrial petite mutants in dithiocarbamate tolerance. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011; 55:593-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-010-0095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
93
|
Hisahara S, Shimohama S. Toxin-induced and genetic animal models of Parkinson's disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2010; 2011:951709. [PMID: 21234368 PMCID: PMC3014721 DOI: 10.4061/2011/951709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The major pathological hallmarks of PD are the selective loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and the presence of intraneuronal aggregates termed Lewy bodies (LBs), but the pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Epidemiologically, environmental neurotoxins such as pesticides are promising candidates for causative factors of PD. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by these toxins could contribute to the progression of PD. While most cases of PD are sporadic, specific mutations in genes that cause familial forms of PD have led to provide new insights into its pathogenesis. This paper focuses on animal models of both toxin-induced and genetically determined PD that have provided significant insight for understanding this disease. We also discuss the validity, benefits, and limitations of representative models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hisahara
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University, South1, West17, chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Ordoñez-Librado JL, Anaya-Martínez V, Gutierrez-Valdez AL, Colín-Barenque L, Montiel-Flores E, Avila-Costa MR. Manganese inhalation as a Parkinson disease model. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2010; 2011:612989. [PMID: 21209715 PMCID: PMC3010681 DOI: 10.4061/2011/612989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the effects of divalent and trivalent Manganese (Mn2+/Mn3+) mixture inhalation on mice to obtain a novel animal model of Parkinson disease (PD) inducing bilateral and progressive dopaminergic cell death, correlate those alterations with motor disturbances, and determine whether L-DOPA treatment improves the behavior, to ensure that the alterations are of dopaminergic origin. CD-1 male mice inhaled a mixture of Manganese chloride and Manganese acetate, one hour twice a week for five months. Before Mn exposure, animals were trained to perform motor function tests and were evaluated each week after the exposure. By the end of Mn exposure, 10 mice were orally treated with 7.5 mg/kg L-DOPA. After 5 months of Mn mixture inhalation, striatal dopamine content decreased 71%, the SNc showed important reduction in the number of TH-immunopositive neurons, mice developed akinesia, postural instability, and action tremor; these motor alterations were reverted with L-DOPA treatment. Our data provide evidence that Mn2+/Mn3+ mixture inhalation produces similar morphological, neurochemical, and behavioral alterations to those observed in PD providing a useful experimental model for the study of this neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Ordoñez-Librado
- Laboratorio de Neuromorfologia, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090 Tlalnepantla, Edo Mex, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Sriram K, Lin GX, Jefferson AM, Roberts JR, Wirth O, Hayashi Y, Krajnak KM, Soukup JM, Ghio AJ, Reynolds SH, Castranova V, Munson AE, Antonini JM. Mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of Parkinson's disease‐linked proteins contribute to neurotoxicity of manganese‐containing welding fumes. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.10.163964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Sriram
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Gary X. Lin
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Amy M. Jefferson
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Jenny R. Roberts
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Oliver Wirth
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Yusuke Hayashi
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Kristine M. Krajnak
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Joleen M. Soukup
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research LaboratoryU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
| | - Andrew J. Ghio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research LaboratoryU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
| | - Steven H. Reynolds
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Albert E. Munson
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - James M. Antonini
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown West Virginia USA
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Franco R, Li S, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Burns M, Panayiotidis MI. Molecular mechanisms of pesticide-induced neurotoxicity: Relevance to Parkinson's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:289-300. [PMID: 20542017 PMCID: PMC2942983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in agricultural and other settings, resulting in continued human exposure. Pesticide toxicity has been clearly demonstrated to alter a variety of neurological functions. Particularly, there is strong evidence suggesting that pesticide exposure predisposes to neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiological data have suggested a relationship between pesticide exposure and brain neurodegeneration. However, an increasing debate has aroused regarding this issue. Paraquat is a highly toxic quaternary nitrogen herbicide which has been largely studied as a model for Parkinson's disease providing valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the toxic effects of pesticides and their role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we review the molecular mechanisms involved in the neurotoxic action of pesticides, with emphasis on the mechanisms associated with the induction of neuronal cell death by paraquat as a model for Parkinsonian neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 68583, United States.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Functional neurotoxicity of Mn-containing nanoparticles in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:2004-9. [PMID: 20863568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
98
|
Ahmad I, Shukla S, Kumar A, Singh BK, Patel DK, Pandey HP, Singh C. Maneb and paraquat-induced modulation of toxicant responsive genes in the rat liver: comparison with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:566-79. [PMID: 20888808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies have shown that toxicant responsive genes, cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a critical role in pesticide-induced toxicity. CYPs play pro-oxidant role and GSTs offer protection in maneb (MB) and paraquat (PQ)-induced brain and lung toxicities. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of repeated exposures of MB and/or PQ on lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione content (GSH) and toxicant responsive genes, i.e., CYP1A1, 1A2, 2E1, GSTA4-4, GSTA1-1 and GSTA3-3 in the liver and to correlate the same with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). A significant augmentation in LPO and reduction in GSH content was observed in a time of exposure dependent manner in the liver and PMNs of MB and/or PQ treated animals. The expression and catalytic activity of CYP2E1 and GSTA4-4 were significantly increased following MB and/or PQ exposure both in the liver and PMNs. Although the expression of GSTA3-3 was increased, the expression of GSTA1-1 was unaltered after MB and/or PQ treatment in both the liver and PMNs. MB augmented the expression and catalytic activity of CYP1A1 in the liver, however, CYP1A2 was unaffected. PQ, on the other hand, significantly increased hepatic CYP1A2 expression and catalytic activity. MB and/or PQ did not produce any significant changes in CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in PMNs. The results of the study thus demonstrate that MB and PQ differentially regulate hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 while LPO, GSH, CYP2E1, GSTA4-4 and GSTA3-3 are modulated in the similar fashions both in the liver and PMNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israr Ahmad
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Sriram K, Lin GX, Jefferson AM, Roberts JR, Wirth O, Hayashi Y, Krajnak KM, Soukup JM, Ghio AJ, Reynolds SH, Castranova V, Munson AE, Antonini JM. Mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of Parkinson's disease-linked proteins contribute to neurotoxicity of manganese-containing welding fumes. FASEB J 2010; 24:4989-5002. [PMID: 20798247 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-163964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Welding generates complex metal aerosols, inhalation of which is linked to adverse health effects among welders. An important health concern of welding fume (WF) exposure is neurological dysfunction akin to Parkinson's disease (PD), thought to be mediated by manganese (Mn) in the fumes. Also, there is a proposition that welding might accelerate the onset of PD. Our recent findings link the presence of Mn in the WF with dopaminergic neurotoxicity seen in rats exposed to manual metal arc-hard surfacing (MMA-HS) or gas metal arc-mild steel (GMA-MS) fumes. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms further, we investigated the association of PD-linked (Park) genes and mitochondrial function in causing dopaminergic abnormality. Repeated instillations of the two fumes at doses that mimic ∼1 to 5 yr of worker exposure resulted in selective brain accumulation of Mn. This accumulation caused impairment of mitochondrial function and loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein, indicative of dopaminergic injury. A fascinating finding was the altered expression of Parkin (Park2), Uchl1 (Park5), and Dj1 (Park7) proteins in dopaminergic brain areas. A similar regimen of manganese chloride (MnCl(2)) also caused extensive loss of striatal TH, mitochondrial electron transport components, and Park proteins. As mutations in PARK genes have been linked to early-onset PD in humans, and because welding is implicated as a risk factor for parkinsonism, PARK genes might play a critical role in WF-mediated dopaminergic dysfunction. Whether these molecular alterations culminate in neurobehavioral and neuropathological deficits reminiscent of PD remains to be ascertained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Sriram
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Mailstop L-3014, CDC-NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Abstract
AbstractMitochondrial toxins represent an interesting group of neurotoxicants related both to causation and modelling of central nervous damage. 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP), a neurotoxin of herbal and microfungal origin, inhibits succinate dehydrogenase leading thereby to various biochemical and morphological alterations in the brain. Experimental animals treated by 3NP are used to model Huntington’s disease. Manganese, often present in occupational settings and as environmental pollutant, inhibits complex II and III of the mitochondria and is known to cause Parkinson-like CNS damage. In this work, rats were administered a single acute dose of Mn (50 mg Mn2+/kg body weight) or 3-NP (20 mg/kg b.w.) and the alterations of the somatosensory cortical evoked potential elicited by stimulation of the whisker pad and the tail base were observed, together with the changes of the action potential in the tail nerve. Latency and amplitude of the two cortical responses changed in parallel, while those of the tail nerve response remained more or less unaltered. The two mitochondrial toxins studied seem to exert their action centrally, primarily on synaptic transmission, rather than peripherally. Recording of evoked activity could be used to follow-up the nervous system effects of mitochondrial toxins, but it requires further investigation.
Collapse
|