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Alcohol Consumption Frequency of Parents and Stress Status of Their Children: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2016). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010257. [PMID: 31905911 PMCID: PMC6982138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: The effect of stress on mental health has been increasingly acknowledged. Drinking habits are closely inter-related with stress and each affects the other. However, only limited studies addressed the effects of alcohol consumption on family members apart from spouses. The purpose of this study is to better understand the relationship between parent drinking frequency and their children’s self-reported stress. Methods: Data was collected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (K-NHANES) conducted during 2007–2016. Respondents were divided into three groups: children (n = 3796), maternal (n = 22,418), and paternal (n = 16,437). After merging the children and parents data sets, we identified the final study population of 3017 and performed binary logistic regression. Results: We found that the odds of high stress cognition was 1.58-fold higher for children who have heavy drinking mother (95% CI: 1.14–2.19) and 1.45-fold higher for those who have heavy drinking father (95% CI: 1.06–1.99). In a subgroup analysis, children whose household income level was Q1 and maternal occupation was white collar showed a statistically significant association of high stress with parental drinking frequency. Conclusions: Parental drinking frequency negatively impacts stress in the children of drinkers. We suggest providing support care for children in vulnerable environments to improve their stress levels.
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Nagappan A, Kim JH, Jung DY, Jung MH. Cryptotanshinone from the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Attenuates Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury by Activation of AMPK/SIRT1 and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010265. [PMID: 31906014 PMCID: PMC6981483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone (CT), a diterpene that is isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, exhibits anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, anti-fibrosis, and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we examined whether CT administration possess a hepatoprotective effect on chronic ethanol-induced liver injury. We established a chronic alcohol feeding mouse model while using C57BL/6 mice, and examined the liver sections with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O (ORO) staining. Further, we analyzed the lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress, and inflammation genes by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunoblotting in in vivo, and in vitro while using HepG2 and AML-12 cells. CT treatment significantly ameliorated ethanol-promoted hepatic steatosis, which was consistent with the decreased hepatic triglyceride levels. Interestingly, CT activated the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) proteins. Importantly, compound C (AMPK inhibitor) significantly blocked the CT-mediated reduction in TG accumulation, but not Ex52735 (SIRT1 inhibitor), which suggested that CT countering ethanol-promoted hepatic steatosis is mediated by AMPK activation. Furthermore, CT significantly inhibited cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and enhanced both the expression of antioxidant genes and hepatic glutathione levels. Finally, CT inhibited the ethanol-induced inflammation in ethanol-fed mice and HepG2 cells. Overall, CT exhibits a hepatoprotective effect against ethanol-induced liver injury by the inhibition of lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation through the activation of AMPK/SIRT1 and Nrf2 and the inhibition of CYP2E1. Therefore, CT could be an effective therapeutic agent for treating ethanol-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulkumar Nagappan
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (A.N.); (J.-H.K.); (D.Y.J.)
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (A.N.); (J.-H.K.); (D.Y.J.)
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dae Young Jung
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (A.N.); (J.-H.K.); (D.Y.J.)
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (A.N.); (J.-H.K.); (D.Y.J.)
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-8468
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Efficacy of Polymethoxylated Flavonoids from Citrus depressa Extract on Alcohol-induced Liver Injury in Mice. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Furuya S, Argemi J, Uehara T, Katou Y, Fouts DE, Schnabl B, Dubuquoy L, Belorkar A, Vadigepalli R, Kono H, Bataller R, Rusyn I. A Novel Mouse Model of Acute-on-Chronic Cholestatic Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Systems Biology Comparison With Human Alcoholic Hepatitis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 44:87-101. [PMID: 31710124 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related liver disease is the main cause of liver-related mortality worldwide. The development of novel targeted therapies for patients with advanced forms (i.e., alcoholic hepatitis, AH) is hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. Here, we developed a novel mouse model of acute-on-chronic alcohol liver injury with cholestasis and fibrosis and performed an extensive molecular comparative analysis with human AH. METHODS For the mouse model of acute-on-chronic liver injury, we used 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC, 0.05% w/w) diet for 8 weeks to establish cholestatic liver fibrosis. After 1-week washout period, male mice were fed intragastrically for 4 weeks with up to 24 g/kg of ethyl alcohol in a high-fat diet. This animal model was phenotyped using histopathology, clinical chemistry, microbiome, and gene expression approaches. Data were compared to the phenotypes of human alcohol-related liver disease, including AH. RESULTS Mice with cholestatic liver fibrosis and subsequent alcohol exposure (DDC + EtOH) exhibited exacerbated liver fibrosis with a pericellular pattern, increased neutrophil infiltration, and ductular proliferation, all characteristics of human AH. DDC administration had no effect on urine alcohol concentration or liver steatosis. Importantly, DDC- and alcohol-treated mice showed a transcriptomic signature that resembled that of patients with AH. Finally, we show that mice in the DDC + EtOH group had an increased gut barrier dysfunction, mimicking an important pathophysiological mechanism of human AH. CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel mouse model of acute-on-chronic cholestatic alcoholic liver injury that has considerable translational potential and can be used to test novel therapeutic modalities for AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Furuya
- From the , Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (SF, IR), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Center for Liver Diseases, (JA, RB), Pittsburgh Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Takeki Uehara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, (TU, YK), Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuuki Katou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, (TU, YK), Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, (BS), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Unité INSERM 995, (LD), Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Huriez, Lille Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Lille, France
| | - Abha Belorkar
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, (AB, RV), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, (AB, RV), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hiroshi Kono
- First Department of Surgery, (HK), University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Center for Liver Diseases, (JA, RB), Pittsburgh Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- From the , Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (SF, IR), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Isolation and Identification of Lactobacillus plantarum HFY05 from Natural Fermented Yak Yogurt and Its Effect on Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110530. [PMID: 31694208 PMCID: PMC6920879 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Yak yogurt is a type of naturally fermented dairy product prepared by herdsmen in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is rich in microorganisms. In this study, a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was isolated and identified from yak yogurt in Hongyuan, Sichuan Province and named Lactobacillus plantarum HFY05 (LP-HFY05). LP-HFY05 was compared with a common commercial strain of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LDSB). LP-HFY05 showed better anti-artificial gastric acid and bile salt effects than LDSB in in vitro experiments, indicating its potential as a probiotic. In animal experiments, long-term alcohol gavage induced alcoholic liver injury. LP-HFY05 effectively reduced the liver index of mice with liver injury, downregulated the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, nitric oxide, and MDA and upregulated the levels of albumin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase in the serum of liver-injured mice. LP-HFY05 also reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma in the serum of liver-injured mice. The pathological observations showed that LP-HFY05 reduced the damage to liver cells caused by alcohol. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays further showed that LP-HFY05 upregulated neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, manganese-SOD, cuprozinc-SOD, CAT, and inhibitor of κB-α mRNA and protein expression and downregulated the expression of nuclear factor-κB-p65 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the livers of liver-injured mice. A fecal analysis revealed that LP-HFY05 regulated the microbial content in the intestinal tract of mice with liver injury, increased the content of beneficial bacteria, including Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus and reduced the content of harmful bacteria, including Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae, thus, regulating intestinal microorganisms to protect against liver injury. The effect of LP-HFY05 on liver-injured mice was better than that of LDSB, and the effect was similar to that of silymarin. LP-HFY05 is a high-quality microbial strain with a liver protective effect on experimental mice with alcoholic liver injury.
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Priyanka SH, Syam Das S, Nair SS, Rauf AA, Indira M. All trans retinoic acid modulates TNF-α and CYP2E1 pathways and enhances regression of ethanol-induced fibrosis markers in hepatocytes and HSCs in abstaining rodent model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:302-310. [PMID: 29592769 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1455712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Context: Our previous studies showed that all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) ameliorates alcohol-induced toxicity. Hence, we evaluated the efficacy of ATRA and abstention in the regression of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and methods: After ethanol administration to rats for 90 days, the regression of alcohol-induced toxicity was studied by supplementing ATRA at a dose of 100 μg/kg body weight for 30 days. It was also compared with animals in abstention. Results and discussion: Ethanol administration enhanced oxidative stress, activated HSCs and increased collagen deposition. All these alterations were reversed to a certain extent by ATRA supplementation. Conclusions: ATRA had better efficacy than just abstention in reducing ethanol-induced toxicity. The mechanism might be downregulation of CYP2E1, leading to reduced oxidative stress in the hepatocytes and thus impeding NFκB activation, cytokine production, activation of HSC and resulting in the reduction of inflammation and remodelling of fibrosis by modulating MMP and TIMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Priyanka
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - S Syam Das
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - Saritha S Nair
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - Arun A Rauf
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - M Indira
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
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Yuan Q, Hou S, Zhai J, Tian T, Wu Y, Wu Z, He J, Chen Z, Zhang J. S100A4 promotes inflammation but suppresses lipid accumulation via the STAT3 pathway in chronic ethanol-induced fatty liver. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1399-1412. [PMID: 31321478 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
S100A4, a member of the S100 calcium-binding protein family, has been identified in a subpopulation of liver macrophages and promotes liver fibrosis via hepatic stellate cell activation. However, the specific role of S100A4 in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has not been well investigated. Here, S100A4 knockout (S100A4-/-) mice were used in a chronic-binge ethanol model for studying the role of S100A4 and its related molecular mechanism in ALD. S100A4 expression was increased in ethanol-induced liver tissues of wild-type (WT) mice. Macrophage-derived S100A4 promoted liver inflammation but suppressed lipid accumulation under the ethanol feeding condition. S100A4 deficiency promoted ethanol-induced liver injury and hepatic fat accumulation. Further mechanistic studies found that S100A4 inhibited liver fat accumulation mainly by activating the STAT3 pathway and downregulating lipogenic gene expression, especially that of SREBP-1c. In AML-12 cells, a STAT3 inhibitor abolished STAT3 levels and decreased the expression of SREBP1c. Furthermore, the administration of a neutralizing S100A4 antibody to WT mice significantly promoted ethanol-induced liver injury and fatty accumulation. Thus, S100A4 may represent a potential candidate target for the prevention and treatment of ethanol-induced fatty liver. In this study, we discovered the special role of S100A4 in alcoholic liver disease. S100A4 deficiency attenuated ethanol-induced hepatitis and promoted hepatic fat accumulation in ethanol-induced liver tissues. Further mechanistic studies have found that S100A4 promotes early alcoholic hepatitis mainly by activating the STAT3 pathway and its downstream proinflammatory gene expression. Interestingly, activation of the STAT3 pathway downregulates lipogenic gene expression, especially SREBP-1c. KEY MESSAGES: In this study, we discovered the special role of S100A4 in alcoholic liver disease. S100A4 deficiency attenuated ethanol-induced hepatitis and promoted hepatic fat accumulation in ethanol-induced liver tissues. Further mechanistic studies have found that S100A4 promotes early alcoholic hepatitis mainly by activating the STAT3 pathway and its downstream proinflammatory gene expression. Interestingly, activation of the STAT3 pathway downregulates lipogenic gene expression, especially SREBP-1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yuan
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Hou
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Zhai
- The Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsheng He
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhinan Chen
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,The Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
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Karthika K, Gargi G, Jamuna S, Paulsamy S, Ajmal Ali M, Al-Hemaid F, Soliman Elshikh M, Lee J. The potential of antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Coscinium fenestratum (Goetgh.) Colebr (Menispermaceae). Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1037-1042. [PMID: 31303838 PMCID: PMC6601032 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the possible bioactive compounds and to study the antioxidant capacity of Coscinium fenestratum (Goetgh.) Colebr (Menispermaceae), the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening for various secondary metabolites were evaluated. Using the GC-MS analysis, a total number of 30 phytochemical compounds were predicted with their retention time, molecular weight, molecular formula, peak area, structure and activities. The most prevailing heterocyclic compound was Bis(2,4,6- triisopropylphenyl) phosphinicazide (6.70%). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by spectrophotometric methods using the reducing power assay and the DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging assays. The activity was determined to be increased in all the test samples with the increase in the volume of the extract. C. fenestratum possess a good source of many bioactive compounds that are used to prevent diseases linked with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Karthika
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gangadharan Gargi
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senguttuvan Jamuna
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramaniyam Paulsamy
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joongku Lee
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Emerging role of the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor gamma in liver metabolic diseases. LIVER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lee DH, Han JH, Lee YS, Jung YS, Roh YS, Yun JS, Han SB, Hong JT. Chitinase-3-like-1 deficiency attenuates ethanol-induced liver injury by inhibition of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1-dependent triglyceride synthesis. Metabolism 2019; 95:46-56. [PMID: 30935969 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol overconsumption and abuse lead to alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is a major chronic liver disease worldwide. Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) have an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease. However, the role of CHI3L1 in ALD has not yet been reported. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CHI3L1 on chronic plus binge ethanol-induced liver injury. METHODS CHI3L1 knock out (KO) mice and their littermate control mice based on C57BL/6 (10-12 weeks old) were fed on a Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 6.6% ethanol for 10 days. And, CHI3L1 siRNA or CHI3L1 expressing vector was transfected HepG2 cells were treated with ethanol or without. RESULTS Ethanol-induced hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels and the mRNA levels of TG synthesis-related genes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) were decreased in the liver of CHI3L1 knock out (KO) mice and the HepG2 cells transfected with CHI3L1 siRNA. Increased mRNA level and activation of SREBP1 which is transcription factor of ACC, FAS and SCD1 by ethanol feeding were reduced in the liver of ethanol-fed CHI3L1 KO mice. Moreover, ethanol-induced SREBP1 luciferase activity and mRNA level of SREBP1, ACC, FAS and SCD1 were also decreased in the HepG2 cells transfected with CHI3L1 siRNA, while those were further increased in the HepG2 cells treated with recombinant human CHI3L1. Furthermore, oxidative stress and up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines by ethanol were recovered in the liver of ethanol-fed CHI3L1 KO mice. CONCLUSION Our finding suggest that inhibition of CHI3L1 suppressed ethanol-induced liver injury through inhibition of TG synthesis, and the blocking of oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation induced SREBP1 activity could be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Suk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
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Phenolic profiling and antioxidant capacity of Morchella esculenta L. by chemical and electrochemical methods at multiwall carbon nanotube paste electrode. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Duan Q, Jia P, Zhuang Z, Liu C, Zhang X, Wang Z, Sheng W, Li Z, Zhu H, Zhu B, Zhang X. Rational Design of a Hepatoma-Specific Fluorescent Probe for HOCl and Its Bioimaging Applications in Living HepG2 Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2163-2168. [PMID: 30592205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a kind of high mortality cancer due to the difficulty of early diagnosis. And according to the reports, the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was higher in cancer cells than normal cells. Therefore, developing an effective fluorescent probe for hepatoma-selective imaging of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) which is one of the vital ROS is of great importance for understanding the role of HOCl in liver cancer pathogenesis. However, the cell-selective fluorescent probe still remains a difficult task among current reports. Herein, a galactose-appended naphthalimide (Gal-NPA) with p-aminophenylether as a new receptor and galactose moiety as hepatoma targeting unit was synthesized and employed to detect endogenous HOCl in living HepG2 cells. This probe was proved to possess good water solubility and could respond specifically to HOCl. In addition, probe Gal-NPA could completely react to HOCl within 3 s meanwhile accompanied by tremendous fluorescence enhancement. The quantitative linear range between fluorescence intensities and the HOCl concentrations was 0 to 1 μM (detection limit = 0.46 nM). More importantly, fluorescence confocal imaging experiments showed that probe Gal-NPA could discriminate hepatoma cells over other cancer cells and simultaneously trace endogenous HOCl levels in living HepG2 cells. And we thus anticipate that probe Gal-NPA has the potential application for revealing the functions of HOCl in hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Duan
- School of Resources and Environment, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Pan Jia
- School of Resources and Environment, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Zihan Zhuang
- School of Resources and Environment, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Caiyun Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Zuokai Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Wenlong Sheng
- Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , 250103 , China
| | - Zilu Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Hanchuang Zhu
- School of Resources and Environment, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Baocun Zhu
- School of Resources and Environment, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
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Maimaitimin K, Jiang Z, Aierken A, Shayibuzhati M, Zhang X. Hepatoprotective effect of Alhagi sparsifolia against Alcoholic Liver injury in mice. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000317732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Xinjiang Agricultural University, China; Northwest A&F University, China; Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology University of Minho, Portugal
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Nickovic VP, Miric D, Kisic B, Kocic H, Stojanovic M, Buttice S, Kocic G. Oxidative stress, NOx/l-arginine ratio and glutathione/glutathione S-transferase ratio as predictors of 'sterile inflammation' in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome type II. Ren Fail 2018; 40:340-349. [PMID: 29658815 PMCID: PMC6014490 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2018.1459699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous intake of alcohol leads to liver cirrhosis because of imbalance of oxidative stress/antioxidative defense and chronic ‘sterile inflammation’. Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is the most severe complication of liver cirrhosis. The aim of our study was to assess: (1) the oxidative stress/antioxidative defense markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), (2) inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP)], and (3) nitrate/nitrite levels (NOx) and its substrate L-arginine level. The study enrolled three groups: a group with cirrhosis and HRS (48 patients), a group with cirrhosis without HRS (32 patients), and a control group (40 healthy blood donors). All the patients with cirrhosis and HRS had type II HRS. MDA concentration was significantly higher in the groups with cirrhosis with and without HRS. Significant positive correlation was documented between the MDA level and de Ritis coefficient (AST/ALT), a marker of liver damage severity; between MDA and inflammation (CRP); between MDA and NOx concentration in the groups with cirrhosis with and without HRS. The correlation between MDA and creatinine level was significant in the group with HRS. The levels of GSH and GST were significantly lower in the groups with cirrhosis with and without HRS. The results of the study revealed that an increase in MDA and NOx concentration, along with decreased values of antioxidative defense and L-arginine, may indicate that liver damage can have an influence on progression to renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dijana Miric
- b Faculty of Medicine , University of Pristina , Kosovska Mitrovica , Serbia
| | - Bojana Kisic
- b Faculty of Medicine , University of Pristina , Kosovska Mitrovica , Serbia
| | - Hristina Kocic
- c Medical Faculty , University Maribor , Maribor , Slovenia
| | | | - Salvatore Buttice
- e Department of Urology , San Giovani di Dio Hospital , Agrigento , Italy
| | - Gordana Kocic
- d Faculty of Medicine , University of Nis , Nis , Serbia
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65
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Han JH, Ju JH, Lee YS, Park JH, Yeo IJ, Park MH, Roh YS, Han SB, Hong JT. Astaxanthin alleviated ethanol-induced liver injury by inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via blocking of STAT3 activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14090. [PMID: 30237578 PMCID: PMC6148091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32497-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is classified as a xanthophyll carotenoid compound which have broader functions including potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Considerable researches have demonstrated that AXT shows preventive and therapeutic properties against for Diabetes, Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. However, the protective effect of AXT on liver disease has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated effects of AXT on ethanol-induced liver injury in chronic plus binge alcohol feeding model. The hepatic steatosis and inflammation induced by ethanol administration were alleviated by AXT. Serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were decreased in the livers of AXT administrated group. The ethanol-induced expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), pro-inflammatory proteins, cytokines, chemokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also reduced in the livers of AXT administrated group. Moreover, ethanol-induced infiltration of neutrophils was decreased in the livers of AXT administrated group. Docking model and pull-down assay showed that AXT directly binds to the DNA binding site of STAT3. Moreover, AXT decreased STAT3 phosphorylation in the liver of AXT administration group. Therefore, these results suggest that AXT could prevent ethanol-induced hepatic injury via inhibition of oxidant and inflammatory responses via blocking of STAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Heun Ju
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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66
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Functions and Applications of Bioactive Peptides From Corn Gluten Meal. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 87:1-41. [PMID: 30678813 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Corn protein has been identified as an important source of bioactive peptides. Such peptides can be released during hydrolysis induced by proteolytic enzymes or microbial fermentation. Corn peptides have been found to exhibit different functions in vitro and in vivo such as antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, anti-obesity, antimicrobial, antioxidative, mineral-binding and accelerating alcohol metabolism. To date, 22 sequences of bioactive corn peptides have already been identified. There is an increasing commercial interest in the production of corn peptides with the purpose of using them as active ingredients, which may find use in the treatment of liver injury, hypertension, dental carries, oxidative stress, mineral malabsorption and obesity. These bioactive peptides may be used in formulation of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and natural drugs because of their health benefit effects.
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Li T, Wang L, Lin S, Xu X, Liu M, Shen S, Yan Z, Mo R. Rational Design and Bioimaging Applications of Highly Specific “Turn-On” Fluorescent Probe for Hypochlorite. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2838-2845. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Leikun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shiqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shiyang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ran Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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68
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Huo X, Yang S, Sun X, Meng X, Zhao Y. Protective Effect of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Alcoholic Liver Injury in Rats by Modulating Lipid Metabolism. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071623. [PMID: 29973492 PMCID: PMC6100631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhhizic acid (GA), including 18α-glycyrrhizic acid (18α-GA) and 18β-glycyrrhizic acid (18β-GA), is the main active ingredient of licorice. GA is generally considered an effective pharmacological strategy protecting against hepatic disease; however, the optimal compatibility proportion of 18α-GA and 18β-GA against alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and the underlying mechanism are not well established. Hence, this study was designed to explore the optimal compatibility proportion of 18α-GA and 18β-GA against ALD, followed by investigating the underlying mechanisms. SD rats were administered 40% ethanol once a day, accompanied by treatment with different proportions of 18α-GA and 18β-GA for four weeks. Then all rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate and blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta for biochemical assay. Livers were also collected and the liver function, lipid profile, ROS production, and mRNA and protein levels of related genes involved in lipid metabolism were assessed. The results showed that 18α-GA and 18β-GA, particularly at a proportion of 4:6, significantly reduced liver damage, lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress in ethanol-induced rats, as indicated by the decreased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aminotransferase (AST) in serum, improvement of liver histopathological changes, regulation of total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and modulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malonaldehyde (MDA). Moreover, the combination treatment with 18α-GA and 18β-GA substantially reduced the mRNA and protein levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and acetyl-coal carboxylase (ACC); meanwhile, increased levels of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and carnitine palmitoy transferase-1 (CTP-1) in the liver tissues of ethanol-induced rats. In conclusion, our results indicated that the optimal compatibility proportion of 18α-GA and 18β-GA protecting against ALD was 4:6, and the mechanism was associated with the regulation of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Sa Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Xiaoke Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Xiangbo Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Georgakouli K, Manthou E, Fatouros IG, Georgoulias P, Deli CK, Koutedakis Y, Theodorakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. Enhanced erythrocyte antioxidant status following an 8-week aerobic exercise training program in heavy drinkers. Alcohol 2018; 69:57-62. [PMID: 29653379 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced oxidative stress is involved in the development and progression of various pathological conditions and diseases. On the other hand, exercise training has been shown to improve redox status, thus attenuating oxidative stress-associated disease processes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an exercise training program that has been previously reported to decrease alcohol consumption on blood redox status in heavy drinkers. In a non-randomized within-subject design, 11 sedentary, heavily drinking men (age: 30.3 ± 3.5 years; BMI: 28.4 ± 0.86 kg/m2) participated first in a control condition for 4 weeks, and then in an intervention where they completed an 8-week supervised aerobic training program of moderate intensity (50-60% of the heart rate reserve). Blood samples were collected in the control condition (pre-, post-control) as well as before, during (week 4 of the training program), and after intervention (week 8 of the training program). Samples were analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls (PC), uric acid (UA), bilirubin, reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase activity. No significant change in indices of redox status in the pre- and post-control was observed. Catalase activity increased (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks of intervention compared to week 4. GSH increased (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks of intervention compared to the control condition and to week 4 of intervention. TAC, UA, bilirubin, TBARS, and PC did not significantly change at any time point. Moreover, concentrations of GSH, TBARS, and catalase activity negatively correlated with alcohol consumption. In conclusion, an 8-week aerobic training program enhanced erythrocyte antioxidant status in heavy drinkers, indicating that aerobic training may attenuate pathological processes caused by alcohol-induced oxidative stress.
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70
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Yin Y, Liu X, Liu J, Cai E, Zhu H, Li H, Zhang L, Li P, Zhao Y. Beta-sitosterol and its derivatives repress lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute hepatic injury by inhibiting the oxidation and inflammation in mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1525-1533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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71
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Choi E, Kim W, Joo SK, Park S, Park JH, Kang YK, Jin SY, Chang MS. Expression patterns of STAT3, ERK and estrogen-receptor α are associated with development and histologic severity of hepatic steatosis: a retrospective study. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:23. [PMID: 29615085 PMCID: PMC5883355 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis renders hepatocytes vulnerable to injury, resulting in the progression of preexisting liver disease. Previous animal and cell culture studies implicated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and estrogen-receptor α in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and disease progression. However, to date there have been few studies performed using human liver tissue to study hepatic steatosis. We examined the expression patterns of mTOR, STAT3, ERK and estrogen-receptor α in liver tissues from patients diagnosed with hepatic steatosis. METHODS We reviewed the clinical and histomorphological features of 29 patients diagnosed with hepatic steatosis: 18 with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 11 with alcoholic fatty acid disease (AFLD), and a control group (16 biliary cysts and 22 hepatolithiasis). Immunohistochemistry was performed on liver tissue using an automated immunostainer. The histologic severity of hepatic steatosis was evaluated by assessing four key histomorphologic parameters common to NAFLD and AFLD: steatosis, lobular inflammation, ballooning degeneration and fibrosis. RESULTS mTOR, phosphorylated STAT3, phosphorylated pERK, estrogen-receptor α were found to be more frequently expressed in the hepatic steatosis group than in the control group. Specifically, mTOR was expressed in 78% of hepatocytes, and ERK in 100% of hepatic stellate cells, respectively, in patients with NAFLD. Interestingly, estrogen-receptor α was diffusely expressed in hepatocytes in all NALFD cases. Phosphorylated (active) STAT3 was expressed in 73% of hepatocytes and 45% of hepatic stellate cells in patients with AFLD, and phosphorylated (active) ERK was expressed in hepatic stellate cells in all AFLD cases. Estrogen-receptor α was expressed in all AFLD cases (focally in 64% of AFLD cases, and diffusely in 36%). Phosphorylated STAT3 expression in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells correlated with severe lobular inflammation, severe ballooning degeneration and advanced fibrosis, whereas diffusely expressed estrogen-receptor α correlated with a mild stage of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate ERK activation and estrogen-receptor α may be relevant in the development of hepatic steatosis. However, diffuse expression of estrogen-receptor α would appear to impede disease progression, including hepatic fibrosis. Finally, phosphorylated STAT3 may also contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euno Choi
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Mareunnae-ro 9, Jung-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Young Jin
- Department of Pathology, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, 59 daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea.
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Figueroa-Soto CG, Valenzuela-Soto EM. Glycine betaine rather than acting only as an osmolyte also plays a role as regulator in cellular metabolism. Biochimie 2018; 147:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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73
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Boyle M, Masson S, Anstee QM. The bidirectional impacts of alcohol consumption and the metabolic syndrome: Cofactors for progressive fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2018; 68:251-267. [PMID: 29113910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current medical practice artificially dichotomises a diagnosis of fatty liver disease into one of two common forms: alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Together, these account for the majority of chronic liver diseases worldwide. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome within the general population. These factors now coexist with alcohol consumption in a substantial proportion of the population. Each exposure sensitises the liver to the injurious effects of the other; an interaction that drives and potentially accelerates the genesis of liver disease. We review the epidemiological evidence and scientific literature that considers how alcohol consumption interacts with components of the metabolic syndrome to exert synergistic or supra-additive effects on the development and progression of liver disease, before discussing how these interactions may be addressed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Boyle
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Masson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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You Y, Lee H, Yoon HG, Park J, Kim OK, Kim K, Lee MJ, Lee YH, Lee J, Jun W. A Blend of Extracts from Houttuynia cordata, Nelumbo nucifera, and Camellia sinensis Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage in C57BL/6 Mice. J Med Food 2018; 21:203-206. [PMID: 29356593 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective activity of a mixture of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Nelumbo nucifera G. leaves, and Camellia sinensis seed (HNC) was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice. Pretreatment with HNC prevented the elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase caused by ethanol-induced hepatic damage. The HNC-treated mice showed significantly lower triglyceride levels, reduced CYP2E1 activity, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities and lipogenic mRNA levels. These results suggest that HNC might be a candidate agent for liver protection against ethanol-induced oxidative damage, through enhancement of antioxidant and antilipogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghee You
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
- 2 University Industry Liaison Office of CNU, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyunmi Lee
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ho-Geun Yoon
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongjin Park
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
- 4 Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ok-Kyung Kim
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyungmi Kim
- 5 Department of Biofood Analysis, Korea Bio Polytechnic , Ganggyung, Korea
| | - Min-Jae Lee
- 6 NutriPlan Co., Ltd. , Research Center, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Yoo-Hyun Lee
- 7 Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Suwon , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- 8 Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Woojin Jun
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
- 4 Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
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Zhang H, Zhou X, Wong MHY, Man KY, Pin WK, Yeung JHK, Kwan YW, Leung GPH, Hoi PM, Lee SMY, Chan CO, Mok DKW, Yu PHF, Chan SW. Sichuan pepper attenuates H 2O 2-induced apoptosis via antioxidant activity and up-regulating heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in primary rat hepatocytes. J Food Biochem 2017; 41:e12403. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Marcus Ho-Yin Wong
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - Ka-Yi Man
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - Wing-Kwan Pin
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - John Hok-Keung Yeung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Yiu-Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Pui-Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Avenue Padre Tomás Pereira S.J., Taipa Macau China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Avenue Padre Tomás Pereira S.J., Taipa Macau China
| | - Chi-On Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - Peter Hoi-Fu Yu
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology; Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Shun-Wan Chan
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology; Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
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Yu Y, Wang L, Wang Y, Lin D, Liu J. Hepatoprotective Effect of Albumin Peptides from Corn Germ Meal on Chronic Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2997-3004. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Yu
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food; Jilin Univ.; Changchun 130062 P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food; Jilin Univ.; Changchun 130062 P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food; Jilin Univ.; Changchun 130062 P.R. China
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Dept. Nutritional Sciences; Oklahoma State Univ.; Stillwater 74078 Okla. U.S.A
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food; Jilin Univ.; Changchun 130062 P.R. China
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77
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Human glutathione s-transferase enzyme gene variations and risk of multiple sclerosis in Iranian population cohort. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017; 17:41-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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78
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You Y, Min S, Lee YH, Hwang K, Jun W. Hepatoprotective effect of 10% ethanolic extract from Curdrania tricuspidata leaves against ethanol-induced oxidative stress through suppression of CYP2E1. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:298-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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79
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Lee SH, Song YS, Jeong Y, Ko KS. Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Akebia quinata Extracts in an In Vitro Model of Acute Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity. J Med Food 2017; 20:912-922. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sun Song
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
- Research Center for Industrialization of Nutraceuticals, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Ko
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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80
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous Extract from the Seeds of Orychophragmus violaceus against Liver Injury in Mice and HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061197. [PMID: 28617329 PMCID: PMC5486020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Orychophragmus violaceus (O. violaceus) is a kind of edible wild herb in north China and its seeds have medical potential, however, the effect of O. violaceus seeds on liver injury and the mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of O. violaceus seeds on liver injury and further explore the molecular mechanism of the beneficial effects using aqueous extract from the seeds of O. violaceus (AEOV). Mice were orally administrated with saline, AEOV, and biphenyldicarboxylate for 4 days, and were then injected subcutaneously with 0.1% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) dissolved in corn oil. Sixteen hours later, mice were sacrificed and blood samples were collected. Then, the serum was separated and used for biochemical assay. Livers were excised and were routinely processed for histological examinations. Enzyme activities and protein levels in liver homogenates were detected using commercial kits or by western blot analysis. Additionally, the hepatoprotective effect of AEOV in vitro was evaluated using epigoitrin, the major alkaloid compound isolated from AEOV. We found that AEOV attenuated liver injury induced by CCl4 as evidenced by decreased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aminotransferase (AST) in serum, improvement of liver histopathological changes, and substantial attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation via regulation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) pathways. These effects of AEOV were comparable to that of biphenyldicarboxylate which was commonly used as a hepatoprotective reference. Moreover, pretreatment of HepG2 cells with epigoitrin improved cell viability, decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, attenuated the NFκB pathway, and elevated the Nrf2 pathway after exposure to H2O2. These results suggest that AEOV could effectively prevent CCl4-induced liver injury in mice via regulating the Nrf2 and NFκB pathways, and reveal the cytoprotective effects of epigoitrin against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells.
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81
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Wen J, Wu Y, Wei W, Li Z, Wang P, Zhu S, Dong W. Protective effects of recombinant human cytoglobin against chronic alcohol-induced liver disease in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41647. [PMID: 28128325 PMCID: PMC5269723 DOI: 10.1038/srep41647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is an important worldwide public health issue with no satisfying treatment available since now. Here we explore the effects of recombinant human cytoglobin (rhCygb) on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury and the underlying mechanisms. In vivo studies showed that rhCygb was able to ameliorate alcohol-induced liver injury, significantly reversed increased serum index (ALT, AST, TG, TC and LDL-C) and decreased serum HDL-C. Histopathology observation of the liver of rats treated with rhCygb confirmed the biochemical data. Furthermore, rhCygb significantly inhibited Kupffer cells (KCs) proliferation and TNF-α expression in LPS-induced KCs. rhCygb also inhibited LPS-induced NADPH oxidase activity and ROS, NO and O2•- generation. These results collectively indicate that rhCygb exert the protective effect on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury through suppression of KC activation and oxidative stress. In view of its anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory features, rhCygb might be a promising candidate for development as a therapeutic agent against ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541002, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541002, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Dong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, P.R. China
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82
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Wegner SA, Pollard KA, Kharazia V, Darevsky D, Perez L, Roychowdhury S, Xu A, Ron D, Nagy LE, Hopf FW. Limited Excessive Voluntary Alcohol Drinking Leads to Liver Dysfunction in Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:345-358. [PMID: 28103636 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver damage is a serious and sometimes fatal consequence of long-term alcohol intake, which progresses from early-stage fatty liver (steatosis) to later-stage steatohepatitis with inflammation and fibrosis/necrosis. However, very little is known about earlier stages of liver disruption that may occur in problem drinkers, those who drink excessively but are not dependent on alcohol. METHODS We examined how repeated binge-like alcohol drinking in C57BL/6 mice altered liver function, as compared with a single binge-intake session and with repeated moderate alcohol consumption. We measured a number of markers associated with early- and later-stage liver disruption, including liver steatosis, measures of liver cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), alcohol metabolism, expression of cytokine mRNA, accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) as an indicator of oxidative stress, and alanine transaminase/aspartate transaminase as a measure of hepatocyte injury. RESULTS Importantly, repeated binge-like alcohol drinking increased triglyceride levels in the liver and plasma, and increased lipid droplets in the liver, indicators of steatosis. In contrast, a single binge-intake session or repeated moderate alcohol consumption did not alter triglyceride levels. In addition, alcohol exposure can increase rates of alcohol metabolism through CYP2E1 and ADH, which can potentially increase oxidative stress and liver dysfunction. Intermittent, excessive alcohol intake increased liver CYP2E1 mRNA, protein, and activity, as well as ADH mRNA and activity. Furthermore, repeated, binge-like drinking, but not a single binge or moderate drinking, increased alcohol metabolism. Finally, repeated, excessive intake transiently elevated mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1B and 4-HNE levels, but did not alter markers of later-stage liver hepatocyte injury. CONCLUSIONS Together, we provide data suggesting that even relatively limited binge-like alcohol drinking can lead to disruptions in liver function, which might facilitate the transition to more severe forms of liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Wegner
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Wheeler Center for the Study of Addiction, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Alcohol and Addiction Research Group , University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Katherine A Pollard
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Viktor Kharazia
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Wheeler Center for the Study of Addiction, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Alcohol and Addiction Research Group , University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - David Darevsky
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Wheeler Center for the Study of Addiction, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Alcohol and Addiction Research Group , University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Luz Perez
- Diabetes Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Allison Xu
- Diabetes Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Dorit Ron
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Wheeler Center for the Study of Addiction, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Alcohol and Addiction Research Group , University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Frederic Woodward Hopf
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Wheeler Center for the Study of Addiction, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Alcohol and Addiction Research Group , University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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83
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Tian Y, Li Z, Shen B, Wu L, Han L, Zhang Q, Feng H. The protective effects of Shikonin on lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury via inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin (SHK) has various biological and pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Bingyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Haihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
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84
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Behavior of Oxidative Stress Markers in Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9370565. [PMID: 28074118 PMCID: PMC5198187 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9370565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is the most socially accepted addictive substance worldwide, and its metabolism is related with oxidative stress generation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC). This study included 187 patients divided into two groups: ALC, classified according to Child-Pugh score, and a control group. We determined the levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio by an enzymatic method in blood. Also, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were estimated in serum. MDA levels increased in proportion to the severity of damage, whereas the GSH and GSSG levels decreased and increased, respectively, at different stages of cirrhosis. There were no differences in the GSH/GSSG ratio and carbonylated protein content between groups. We also evaluated whether the active consumption of or abstinence from alcoholic beverages affected the behavior of these oxidative markers and only found differences in the MDA, GSH, and GSSG determination and the GSH/GSSG ratio. Our results suggest that alcoholic cirrhotic subjects have an increase in oxidative stress in the early stages of disease severity and that abstinence from alcohol consumption favors the major antioxidant endogen: GSH in patients with advanced disease severity.
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85
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Ramaiah S, Rivera C, Arteel G. Early-Phase Alcoholic Liver Disease: An Update on Animal Models, Pathology, and Pathogenesis. Int J Toxicol 2016; 23:217-31. [PMID: 15371166 DOI: 10.1080/10915810490502069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains to be one of the most common etiology of liver disease and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathologic stages of ALD comprises of steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis/cirrhosis. Steatosis and steatohepatitis represents the early phase of ALD and are precursor stages for fibrosis/cirrhosis. Numerous research efforts have been directed at recognizing cofactors interacting with alcohol in the pathogenesis of steatosis and steatohepatitis. This review will elucidate the constellation of complex pathogenesis, available animal models, and microscopic pathologic findings mostly in the early-phase of ALD. The role of endotoxin, reactive oxygen species, alcohol metabolism, and cytokines are discussed. Understanding the mechanisms of early-phase ALD should provide insight into the development of therapeutic strategies and thereby decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Ramaiah
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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86
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Pisoschi AM, Pop A, Cimpeanu C, Predoi G. Antioxidant Capacity Determination in Plants and Plant-Derived Products: A Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9130976. [PMID: 28044094 PMCID: PMC5164913 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9130976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present paper aims at reviewing and commenting on the analytical methods applied to antioxidant and antioxidant capacity assessment in plant-derived products. Aspects related to oxidative stress, reactive oxidative species' influence on key biomolecules, and antioxidant benefits and modalities of action are discussed. Also, the oxidant-antioxidant balance is critically discussed. The conventional and nonconventional extraction procedures applied prior to analysis are also presented, as the extraction step is of pivotal importance for isolation and concentration of the compound(s) of interest before analysis. Then, the chromatographic, spectrometric, and electrochemical methods for antioxidant and antioxidant capacity determination in plant-derived products are detailed with respect to their principles, characteristics, and specific applications. Peculiarities related to the matrix characteristics and other factors influencing the method's performances are discussed. Health benefits of plants and derived products are described, as indicated in the original source. Finally, critical and conclusive aspects are given when it comes to the choice of a particular extraction procedure and detection method, which should consider the nature of the sample, prevalent antioxidant/antioxidant class, and the mechanism underlying each technique. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed for each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aneta Pop
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Cimpeanu
- Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Predoi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
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87
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Lee HM, Park MY, Kim J, Shin JH, Park KS, Kwon O. Persimmon vinegar and its fractions protect against alcohol-induced hepatic injury in rats through the suppression of CYP2E1 expression. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2437-2442. [PMID: 27043860 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1158842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Medical therapies for alcohol-induced liver disease are often difficult to handle and limited in efficacy. OBJECTIVE In an attempt to find natural therapeutics, here, we investigate the preventive effect of persimmon vinegar (PV) and its fractions against alcohol-induced hepatic injury, in addition to the underlying mechanism, in rats chronically administered with alcohol. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups (n = 8 per group); normal control (NC), ethanol control (EC), ethanol + PV, ethanol + water-insoluble PV fraction (PI) and ethanol + water-soluble PV fraction (PS). PV, PI or PS was orally administrated at the level of 100 mg/kg B.W by oral gavage every day for 4 weeks prior to ethanol administration. The liver sections were stained with hematoxylin & eosin and gene expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS After a 4-week treatment, histological observation revealed that PV and its fractions mitigated alcohol-induced changes in the liver. CYP2E1 expression was significantly increased in the EC group compared with the NC group, but was significantly suppressed in the PV group compared with the EC group (p = 0.044). We also found significant decreases in hepatic mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12β, toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in the PV-, PI- and PS-treated groups compared with those of the EC group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Taken together, the present findings suggest that PV and its fractions hold great promise as natural remedies with anti-inflammatory activities that alleviate alcohol-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Lee
- a Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- a Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- b BioFood Network , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- c Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science , Eulji University , Seongnam-si , Gyeonggi-do , Korea
| | - Kyoung Sik Park
- d Department of Biomedical Science , Cheongju University , Cheongju , Chungbuk , Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- a Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
- b BioFood Network , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
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88
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Jiang Z, Wang J, Xue H, Wang M, Jiang H, Liang Y, Dias AC, Gregory M, Chen C, Zhang X. Protective effect of wild Corni fructus methanolic extract against acute alcoholic liver injury in mice. Redox Rep 2016; 22:338-345. [PMID: 27712564 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1239867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Chinese folk medicine, Corni fructus (C. fructus) has traditionally been used to improve liver function, although the mechanism underlying its activity remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of wild C. fructus methanolic extract against acute alcoholic liver injury. METHODS Alcohol was administered to mice for three consecutive days, either alone or in combination with C. fructus methanolic extract (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg body weight/d). Serum and liver tissue were collected from the animals and subjected to biochemical and histopathological analyses. RESULTS C. fructus significantly alleviated alcohol-induced liver injury by reducing serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and thiobarbituric acid reactive species, inhibiting hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and increasing total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione in the liver (P < 0.05). In addition, the C. fructus treatment inhibited the expression and activity of cytochrome P450 2E1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS C. fructus could be a promising natural substance for ameliorating acute alcohol-induced oxidative stress and hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Jiang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China.,b Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Sci-Tech University , Hanzhong , Shaanxi , China
| | - Jian Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China.,b Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Sci-Tech University , Hanzhong , Shaanxi , China
| | - Huiting Xue
- c College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agriculture University , Xinjiang , China
| | - Meng Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China
| | - Hai Jiang
- b Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Sci-Tech University , Hanzhong , Shaanxi , China
| | - Yinku Liang
- b Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Sci-Tech University , Hanzhong , Shaanxi , China
| | - Alberto C Dias
- b Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Sci-Tech University , Hanzhong , Shaanxi , China.,d Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UM), AgroBioPlant Group, Department of Biology , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Marslin Gregory
- b Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Sci-Tech University , Hanzhong , Shaanxi , China
| | - Chen Chen
- b Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Sci-Tech University , Hanzhong , Shaanxi , China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China.,b Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Sci-Tech University , Hanzhong , Shaanxi , China
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89
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Aberrant modulation of the BRCA1 and G1/S cell cycle pathways in alcoholic hepatitis patients with Mallory Denk Bodies revealed by RNA sequencing. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42491-503. [PMID: 26623723 PMCID: PMC4767447 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mallory-Denk Bodies (MDBs) are prevalent in various liver diseases including alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and are formed in mice livers by feeding DDC. Liver injury from alcohol administration causes balloon hepatocytes and MDB formation impeding liver regeneration. By comparing AH livers where MDBs had formed with normal liver transcriptomes obtained by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), there was significant upregulation of BRCA1-mediated signaling and G1/S cell cycle checkpoint pathways. The transcriptional architecture of differentially expressed genes from AH livers reflected step-wise transcriptional changes progressing to AH. Key molecules such as BRCA1, p15 and p21 were significantly upregulated both in AH livers and in the livers of the DDC re-fed mice model where MDBs had formed. The increase of G1/S cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors p15 and p21 results in cell cycle arrest and inhibition of liver regeneration, implying that p15 and p21 could be exploited for the identification of specific targets for the treatment of liver disease. Provided here for the first time is the RNA-Seq data that represents the fully annotated catalogue of the expression of mRNAs. The most prominent alterations observed were the changes in BRCA1-mediated signaling and G1/S cell cycle checkpoint pathways. These new findings expand previous and related knowledge in the search for gene changes that might be critical in the understanding of the underlying progression to the development of AH.
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90
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Landmann M, Sellmann C, Engstler AJ, Ziegenhardt D, Jung F, Brombach C, Bergheim I. Hops (Humulus lupulus) Content in Beer Modulates Effects of Beer on the Liver After Acute Ingestion in Female Mice. Alcohol Alcohol 2016; 52:48-55. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Leveraging oxidative stress questions in vivo: Implications and limitations. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 595:40-5. [PMID: 27095213 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The elegance of Helmut Sies' original definition of oxidative stress belies the complexity of the reactions that are potentially involved. This is by no means a criticism of the author, but rather how the words have been used to oversimplify the concept by some. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) can be products of a myriad of events within the living body. Indeed, it is now understood that ROS/RNS are critical for normal cellular metabolism and have beneficial effects (e.g., cytotoxicity against invading bacteria). A general problem of studying prooxidants in vivo is that, due to their inherent reactivity, they generally cannot be measured directly. This indirect detection of 'footprints' leaves a very large black box that we are to this day only beginning to understand. This manuscript will summarize some considerations that are of utmost importance when translating oxidative stress into in vivo research. Helmut has been a key thought leader, researcher and mentor whose contributions to this field are immeasurable.
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92
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Engstler AJ, Aumiller T, Degen C, Dürr M, Weiss E, Maier IB, Schattenberg JM, Jin CJ, Sellmann C, Bergheim I. Insulin resistance alters hepatic ethanol metabolism: studies in mice and children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut 2016; 65:1564-71. [PMID: 26006114 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased fasting blood ethanol levels, suggested to stem from an increased endogenous ethanol synthesis in the GI tract, are discussed to be critical in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the present study was to further delineate the mechanisms involved in the elevated blood ethanol levels found in patients with NAFLD. DESIGN In 20 nutritionally and metabolically screened children displaying early signs of NAFLD and 29 controls (aged 5-8 years), ethanol plasma levels were assessed. Ethanol levels along the GI tract, in vena cava and portal vein, intestinal and faecal microbiota, and activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) were measured in wild-type, ob/ob and anti-TNFα antibody (aT) treated ob/ob mice. RESULTS Despite not differing in dietary pattern or prevalence of intestinal overgrowth, fasting ethanol levels being positively associated with measures of insulin resistance were significantly higher in children with NAFLD than in controls. Ethanol levels were similar in portal vein and chyme obtained from different parts of the GI tract between groups while ethanol levels in vena cava plasma were significantly higher in ob/ob mice. ADH activity was significantly lower in liver tissue obtained from ob/ob mice in comparison to wild-type controls and ob/ob mice treated with aT. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data of animal experiments suggest that increased blood ethanol levels in patients with NAFLD may result from insulin-dependent impairments of ADH activity in liver tissue rather than from an increased endogenous ethanol synthesis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01306396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janina Engstler
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Aumiller
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Degen
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marion Dürr
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva Weiss
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ina Barbara Maier
- Department of Nutritional Medicine (180a), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörn Markus Schattenberg
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cathrin Sellmann
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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93
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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of zingerone in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 421:169-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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94
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Pan JH, Lee KY, Kim JH, Shin H, Lee JH, Kim YJ. Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. fruit ameliorates alcoholic liver injury in mice by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation through oxidative stress. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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95
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Lee YH, Kim JH, Kim SH, Oh JY, Seo WD, Kim KM, Jung JC, Jung YS. Barley Sprouts Extract Attenuates Alcoholic Fatty Liver Injury in Mice by Reducing Inflammatory Response. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070440. [PMID: 27455313 PMCID: PMC4963916 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that barley leaves possess beneficial properties such as antioxidant, hypolipidemic, antidepressant, and antidiabetic. Interestingly, barley sprouts contain a high content of saponarin, which showed both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study, we evaluated the effect of barley sprouts on alcohol-induced liver injury mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. Raw barley sprouts were extracted, and quantitative and qualitative analyses of its components were performed. The mice were fed a liquid alcohol diet with or without barley sprouts for four weeks. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were used to study the effect of barley sprouts on inflammation. Alcohol intake for four weeks caused liver injury, evidenced by an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. The accumulation of lipid in the liver was also significantly induced, whereas the glutathione (GSH) level was reduced. Moreover, the inflammation-related gene expression was dramatically increased. All these alcohol-induced changes were effectively prevented by barley sprouts treatment. In particular, pretreatment with barley sprouts significantly blocked inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7. This study suggests that the protective effect of barley sprouts against alcohol-induced liver injury is potentially attributable to its inhibition of the inflammatory response induced by alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea.
| | - Joung-Hee Kim
- Department of Bio Health Science, College of Natural Science, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea.
| | - Sou Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Ji Youn Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Woo Duck Seo
- Crop Foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do 54875, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Mi Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Novarex Co., Ltd, Ochang, Cheongwon, Cheongju 28126, Korea.
| | - Jae-Chul Jung
- Life Science Research Institute, Novarex Co., Ltd, Ochang, Cheongwon, Cheongju 28126, Korea.
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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96
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Brandon-Warner E, Feilen NA, Culberson CR, Field CO, deLemos AS, Russo MW, Schrum LW. Processing of miR17-92 Cluster in Hepatic Stellate Cells Promotes Hepatic Fibrogenesis During Alcohol-Induced Injury. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:1430-42. [PMID: 27291156 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to alcohol and its metabolites can initiate hepatic injury and fibrogenesis. Fibrosis is mediated through hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, leading to global changes in mRNA and microRNA (miR) expression. miRs are expressed in cells or shuttled to exosomes which can be detected in tissue culture media (TCM) and biological fluids. The mechanisms and function underlying the differential expression and processing of miRs and their downstream effects during hepatic injury remain poorly understood. METHODS Expression of primary (pri)-miR17-92. and individual members of this cluster, miR17a, 18a, 19a, 20a, 19b, and 92, were examined in primary HSCs and human LX2 cells exposed to alcohol-conditioned media (CM), liver tissue from a rodent model of alcoholic injury, and in exosomes from TCM and plasma of rodent models and patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). miR expression was examined in HSCs transduced with an AAV2 vector carrying GFP-miR19b or GFP-control transgene under the collagen promoter. RESULTS Profibrotic markers were enhanced in primary HSCs and LX2 cells exposed to alcohol-CM, concomitant with decreased miR19b expression and a significant increase in pri-miR17-92. Increased pri-miR17-92 was confirmed in a rodent model of alcohol-induced liver injury. Individual members of the cluster were inversely proportionate in cells and exosomes. AAV2-mediated miR19b overexpression inhibited miR17-92 and altered expression of individual cluster members in cells and exosomes. Expression of individual miR17-92 cluster members in plasma exosomes isolated from patients with ALD was similar to that seen in a rodent model of alcoholic injury and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Reintroduction of miR19b inhibits HSC activation and modulates expression of pri-miR17-92 and the inverse expression of individual cluster members in cells and exosomes. Better understanding of miR17-92 processing may provide mechanistic insights into the role of individual miRs and exosomes during hepatic injury, revealing new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Brandon-Warner
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Nicole A Feilen
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Catherine R Culberson
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Conroy O Field
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Andrew S deLemos
- Center for Liver Diseases and Liver Transplant, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Mark W Russo
- Center for Liver Diseases and Liver Transplant, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Laura W Schrum
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
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97
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Pal P, Ray S. Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10312346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease, a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and cirrhosis, can range from simple steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Multiple mechanisms such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and alteration in gut-liver axis have been proposed for the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. Based on different prognostic models, alcoholic hepatitis patients can be stratified into sub-groups and specific pharmacological therapy can be started. Alcohol abstinence has a clear cut mortality benefit and nutritional support is very important as most of the patients are malnourished and in a hypercatabolic state. Other than conventional glucocorticoids and pentoxifylline, newer agents and combination therapy can be used in severe alcoholic hepatitis in patients not responsive to conventional glucocorticoid therapy. Liver transplantation improves survival in advanced alcoholic cirrhosis and it can be an option in severe alcoholic hepatitis patients who are not responding to other medical therapies. Whether early transplantation can improve the survival compared with the conventional waiting period of 6 months is an active area of investigation. This is due to the fact that most of the disease-related mortality occurs in the first 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pal
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sayantan Ray
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research (IPGMER) and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
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98
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Zhang YJ, Wang F, Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhou T, Zheng J, Zhang JJ, Li S, Xu DP, Li HB. Effects of 20 Selected Fruits on Ethanol Metabolism: Potential Health Benefits and Harmful Impacts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:399. [PMID: 27043608 PMCID: PMC4847061 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of alcohol is often accompanied by other foods, such as fruits and vegetables. This study is aimed to investigate the effects of 20 selected fruits on ethanol metabolism to find out their potential health benefits and harmful impacts. The effects of the fruits on ethanol metabolism were characterized by the concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde in blood, as well as activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in liver of mice. Furthermore, potential health benefits and harmful impacts of the fruits were evaluated by biochemical parameters including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase. Generally, effects of these fruits on ethanol metabolism were very different. Some fruits (such as Citrus limon (yellow), Averrhoa carambola, Pyrus spp., and Syzygium samarangense) could decrease the concentration of ethanol in blood. In addition, several fruits (such as Cucumis melo) showed hepatoprotective effects by significantly decreasing AST or ALT level in blood, while some fruits (such as Averrhoa carambola) showed adverse effects. The results suggested that the consumption of alcohol should not be accompanied by some fruits, and several fruits could be developed as functional foods for the prevention and treatment of hangover and alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Dong-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China.
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99
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Singh A, Prasad KN, Singh AK, Singh SK, Gupta KK, Paliwal VK, Pandey CM, Gupta RK. Human Glutathione S-Transferase Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms and Their Association With Neurocysticercosis. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2843-2851. [PMID: 27021019 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC), caused by cysticerci of Taenia solium is the most common helminthic infection of the central nervous system. Some individuals harboring different stages of cysticerci in the brain remain asymptomatic, while others with similar cysticerci lesions develop symptoms and the reasons remain largely unknown. Inflammatory response to antigens of dying parasite is said to be responsible for symptomatic disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated in inflammatory conditions can damage cellular macromolecules such as lipids, DNA, and proteins. The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are critical for the protection of cells from ROS. A total of 250 individuals were included in the study: symptomatic NCC = 75, asymptomatic NCC = 75, and healthy controls = 100. The individuals carrying the deletions of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were at risk for NCC (OR = 2.99, 95 %CI = 1.31-6.82, p = 0.0073 and OR = 1.94, 95 %CI = 0.98-3.82, p = 0.0550 respectively). Further, the individuals with these deletions were more likely to develop symptomatic disease (OR = 5.08, 95 % CI = 2.12-12.18, p = 0.0001 for GSTM1 and OR = 3.25, 95 %CI = 1.55-6.82, p = 0.0018 for GSTT1). Genetic variants of GSTM3 and GSTP1 were not associated with NCC. The total GST activity and levels of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTM3 were significantly higher in asymptomatic subjects than in symptomatic and healthy controls. Lower GST activity was observed in individuals with GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions. The present study suggests that the individuals with GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions are at higher risk to develop symptomatic disease. The higher GST activity and levels of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTM3 are likely to play role in maintaining asymptomatic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P, 226014, India
| | - Kashi N Prasad
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P, 226014, India.
| | - Aloukick K Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P, 226014, India
| | - Satyendra K Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P, 226014, India
| | - Kamlesh K Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P, 226014, India
| | - Vimal K Paliwal
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P, 226014, India
| | - Chandra M Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P, 226014, India
| | - Rakesh K Gupta
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P, 226014, India
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100
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Roy N, Dasgupta D, Mukhopadhyay I, Chatterjee A, Das K, Bhowmik P, Das S, Basu P, Santra AK, Datta S, Dhali GK, Chowdhury A, Banerjee S. Genetic Association and Gene-Gene Interaction Reveal Genetic Variations in ADH1B, GSTM1 and MnSOD Independently Confer Risk to Alcoholic Liver Diseases in India. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149843. [PMID: 26937962 PMCID: PMC4777485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility is an important modifier of clinical outcome and natural history of progression in Alcoholic liver disease (ALD). While the significance of ethnicity in this evolution is very clear, subtle inter-individual genetic variant(s) might be important and thus we investigated those in an Indian population. Fourteen markers were genotyped within two alcohol metabolism genes [Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene clusters (ADH1B and ADH1C) and Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2)], one microsomal ethanol oxidizing enzyme cytochrome p450 (CYP2E1) and three oxidative stress response (OSR) genes (MnSOD, GSTT1 and GSTM1) among 490 Bengali individuals (322 ALD and 168 control) from Eastern and North-Eastern India and validation was performed in a new cohort of 150 Bengali patients including 100 ALD and 50 advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Out of 14 genetic variants, carriage of 5 genotypes (rs2066701CC in ADH1B, rs1693425TT in ADH1C, rs4880TT in MnSOD and GSTT1/GSTM1 null, p-value <0.05) were noted significantly higher among ALD patients while inter or intra group gene-gene interaction analysis revealed that addition of risk genotype of any OSR gene enhanced the possibility of ALD synergistically. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed independent association of rs2066701CC, rs4880TT and GSTM1 null genotype with ALD while lower frequencies of those genotypes in advanced NASH patients further confirmed their causal relation to ALD. Thus these findings suggest that the three variants of ADH1C, MnSOD and GSTM1 can be used to identify individuals who are at high risk to develop ALD and may be helpful in proper management of Indian alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelanjana Roy
- Center for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debanjali Dasgupta
- Center for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Kausik Das
- Department of Hepatology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradip Bhowmik
- Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Center for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Amal K. Santra
- Center for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Simanti Datta
- Center for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Gopal Krishna Dhali
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhijit Chowdhury
- Department of Hepatology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soma Banerjee
- Center for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
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