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APOC3 rs2070667 Associates with Serum Triglyceride Profile and Hepatic Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8869674. [PMID: 33294458 PMCID: PMC7718051 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8869674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) play important role in lipid metabolism, and dyslipidemia underlies nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). But the correlation of serum lipidomics, APOC3 SNPs, and NAFLD remains limited understood. Enrolling thirty-four biopsy-proven NAFLD patients from Tianjin, Shanghai, Fujian, we investigated their APOC3 genotype and serum lipid profile by DNA sequencing and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), respectively. Scoring of hepatocyte steatosis, ballooning, lobular inflammation, and liver fibrosis was then performed to reveal the role of lipidomics-affecting APOC3 SNPs in NAFLD-specific pathological alterations. Here, we reported that APOC3 SNPs (rs4225, rs4520, rs5128, rs2070666, and rs2070667) intimately correlated to serum lipidomics in NAFLD patients. A allele instead of G allele at rs2070667, which dominated the SNPs underlying lipidomic alteration, exhibited downregulatory effect on triacylglycerols (TGs: TG 54 : 7, TG 54 : 8, and TG 56 : 9) containing polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Moreover, subjects with low-level PUFA-containing TGs were predisposed to high-grade lobular inflammation (TG 54 : 7, rho = -0.454 and P = 0.007; TG 54 : 8, rho = -0.411 and P =0.016; TG 56 : 9, rho = -0.481 and P = 0.004). The significant correlation of APOC3 rs2070667 and inflammation grading [G/G vs. G/A+A/A: 0.00 (0.00 and 1.00) vs. 1.50 (0.75 and 2.00), P = 0.022] further confirmed its pathological action on the basis of lipidomics-impacting activity. These findings suggest an inhibitory effect of A allele at APOC3 rs2070667 on serum levels of PUFA-containing TGs, which are associated with high-grade lobular inflammation in NAFLD patients.
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Gene expression of the heat stress response in bovine peripheral white blood cells and milk somatic cells in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19181. [PMID: 33154392 PMCID: PMC7645416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress in dairy cattle leads to reduction in feed intake and milk production as well as the induction of many physiological stress responses. The genes implicated in the response to heat stress in vivo are not well characterised. With the aim of identifying such genes, an experiment was conducted to perform differential gene expression in peripheral white blood cells and milk somatic cells in vivo in 6 Holstein Friesian cows in thermoneutral conditions and in 6 Holstein Friesian cows exposed to a short-term moderate heat challenge. RNA sequences from peripheral white blood cells and milk somatic cells were used to quantify full transcriptome gene expression. Genes commonly differentially expressed (DE) in both the peripheral white blood cells and in milk somatic cells were associated with the cellular stress response, apoptosis, oxidative stress and glucose metabolism. Genes DE in peripheral white blood cells of cows exposed to the heat challenge compared to the thermoneutral control were related to inflammation, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and the cardiovascular system. Genes DE in milk somatic cells compared to the thermoneutral control were involved in the response to stress, thermoregulation and vasodilation. These findings provide new insights into the cellular adaptations induced during the response to short term moderate heat stress in dairy cattle and identify potential candidate genes (BDKRB1 and SNORA19) for future research.
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Deprince A, Haas JT, Staels B. Dysregulated lipid metabolism links NAFLD to cardiovascular disease. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101092. [PMID: 33010471 PMCID: PMC7600388 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming a global health problem. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. NAFLD and CVD share several common risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by plasma hypertriglyceridemia, increased small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, is often observed in NAFLD patients. Scope of review In this review, we highlight recent epidemiological studies evaluating the link between NAFLD and CVD risk. We further focus on recent mechanistic insights into the links between NAFLD and altered lipoprotein metabolism. We also discuss current therapeutic strategies for NAFLD and their potential impact on NAFLD-associated CVD risk. Major conclusions Alterations in hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are major contributing factors to the increased CVD risk in NAFLD patients, and many promising NASH therapies in development also improve dyslipidemia in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Deprince
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Joel T Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Wang J, Qu HQ, Huang K, Wu W, Wang C, Liang L, Gong C, Xiong F, Luo F, Liu G, Chen S, Tian L, Hakonarson H, Fu J. High prevalence of elevated serum liver enzymes in Chinese children suggests metabolic syndrome as a common risk factor. J Paediatr Child Health 2020; 56:1590-1596. [PMID: 32767607 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the pattern of liver enzymes in a large cohort of Chinese children and adolescents, including 16 383 individuals aged 4-18 years old recruited at six medical centres in China. METHODS Clinical data were collected including weight, height, blood pressure, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and fasting lipid panel. We used an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, the K-means clustering method, to identify different patterns of increased liver enzymes. RESULTS Six clusters of elevated enzymes patterns were identified. The most common in 2.18% (325) of youth was elevated transaminases in the absence of features of metabolic syndrome(MetS), and they were thinner, and more likely to be from urban areas. The second cluster, with 1.47% (n = 220) youth had the most notable MetS features. They were older, obese and had central obesity, higher BP, triglycerides cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Cluster 3 (0.6%, N = 90) had mild MetS, and cluster 4 (0.06%, N = 9), 5 (0.03%, N = 5) and 6 (0.007%, N = 1) were not related to MetS. CONCLUSIONS We identified two distinct groups of children with both increased liver enzymes and MetS features in this population sample of Chinese children. One of the two groups had increased liver enzymes as the predominant clinical features at a younger age, suggesting genetic susceptibility to the condition. Further work to understand the increased MetS risk in cluster 2 is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiu Gong
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetic and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feihong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Geli Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoke Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Pediatrics and Division of Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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Tuominen I, Fuqua BK, Pan C, Renaud N, Wroblewski K, Civelek M, Clerkin K, Asaryan A, Haroutunian SG, Loureiro J, Borawski J, Roma G, Knehr J, Carbone W, French S, Parks BW, Hui ST, Mehrabian M, Magyar C, Cantor RM, Ukomadu C, Lusis AJ, Beaven SW. The Genetic Architecture of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:199-220. [PMID: 32866618 PMCID: PMC7674618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver fibrosis is a multifactorial trait that develops in response to chronic liver injury. Our aim was to characterize the genetic architecture of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis using the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel, a panel of more than 100 genetically distinct mouse strains optimized for genome-wide association studies and systems genetics. METHODS Chronic liver injury was induced by CCl4 injections twice weekly for 6 weeks. Four hundred thirty-seven mice received CCl4 and 256 received vehicle, after which animals were euthanized for liver histology and gene expression. Using automated digital image analysis, we quantified fibrosis as the collagen proportionate area of the whole section, excluding normal collagen. RESULTS We discovered broad variation in fibrosis among the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel strains, demonstrating a significant genetic influence. Genome-wide association analyses revealed significant and suggestive loci underlying susceptibility to fibrosis, some of which overlapped with loci identified in mouse crosses and human population studies. Liver global gene expression was assessed by RNA sequencing across the strains, and candidate genes were identified using differential expression and expression quantitative trait locus analyses. Gene set enrichment analyses identified the underlying pathways, of which stellate cell involvement was prominent, and coexpression network modeling identified modules associated with fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a rich resource for the design of experiments to understand mechanisms underlying fibrosis and for rational strain selection when testing antifibrotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iina Tuominen
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA and Pfleger Liver Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brie K Fuqua
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Calvin Pan
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicole Renaud
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin Wroblewski
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA and Pfleger Liver Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mete Civelek
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kara Clerkin
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA and Pfleger Liver Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ashot Asaryan
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA and Pfleger Liver Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sara G Haroutunian
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA and Pfleger Liver Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph Loureiro
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jason Borawski
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Samuel French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brian W Parks
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Simon T Hui
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Clara Magyar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chinweike Ukomadu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Simon W Beaven
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA and Pfleger Liver Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
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Khalifa O, Errafii K, Al-Akl NS, Arredouani A. Noncoding RNAs in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Potential Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarkers. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8822859. [PMID: 33133304 PMCID: PMC7593715 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8822859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease worldwide in part due to the concomitant obesity pandemic and insulin resistance (IR). It is increasingly becoming evident that NAFLD is a disease affecting numerous extrahepatic vital organs and regulatory pathways. The molecular mechanisms underlying the nonalcoholic steatosis formation are poorly understood, and little information is available on the pathways that are responsible for the progressive hepatocellular damage that follows lipid accumulation. Recently, much research has focused on the identification of the epigenetic modifications that contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are one of such epigenetic factors that could be implicated in the NAFLD development and progression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the genetic and epigenetic factors potentially underlying the disease. Particular emphasis will be put on the contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) to the pathophysiology of NAFLD as well as their potential use as therapeutic targets or as markers for the prediction and the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Khalifa
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaoula Errafii
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nayla S. Al-Akl
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
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Validating a non-invasive, ALT-based non-alcoholic fatty liver phenotype in the million veteran program. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237430. [PMID: 32841307 PMCID: PMC7447043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Given ongoing challenges in non-invasive non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosis, we sought to validate an ALT-based NAFLD phenotype using measures readily available in electronic health records (EHRs) and population-based studies by leveraging the clinical and genetic data in the Million Veteran Program (MVP), a multi-ethnic mega-biobank of US Veterans. Methods MVP participants with alanine aminotransferases (ALT) >40 units/L for men and >30 units/L for women without other causes of liver disease were compared to controls with normal ALT. Genetic variants spanning eight NAFLD risk or ALT-associated loci (LYPLAL1, GCKR, HSD17B13, TRIB1, PPP1R3B, ERLIN1, TM6SF2, PNPLA3) were tested for NAFLD associations with sensitivity analyses adjusting for metabolic risk factors and alcohol consumption. A manual EHR review assessed performance characteristics of the NAFLD phenotype with imaging and biopsy data as gold standards. Genetic associations with advanced fibrosis were explored using FIB4, NAFLD Fibrosis Score and platelet counts. Results Among 322,259 MVP participants, 19% met non-invasive criteria for NAFLD. Trans-ethnic meta-analysis replicated associations with previously reported genetic variants in all but LYPLAL1 and GCKR loci (P<6x10-3), without attenuation when adjusted for metabolic risk factors and alcohol consumption. At the previously reported LYPLAL1 locus, the established genetic variant did not appear to be associated with NAFLD, however the regional association plot showed a significant association with NAFLD 279kb downstream. In the EHR validation, the ALT-based NAFLD phenotype yielded a positive predictive value 0.89 and 0.84 for liver biopsy and abdominal imaging, respectively (inter-rater reliability (Cohen’s kappa = 0.98)). HSD17B13 and PNPLA3 loci were associated with advanced fibrosis. Conclusions We validate a simple, non-invasive ALT-based NAFLD phenotype using EHR data by leveraging previously established NAFLD risk-associated genetic polymorphisms.
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Si Z, Guan X, Teng X, Peng X, Wan Z, Li Q, Chen G, Tan J, Li J. Identification of CYP46A1 as a new regulator of lipid metabolism through CRISPR-based whole-genome screening. FASEB J 2020; 34:13776-13791. [PMID: 32816363 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001067r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal lipid droplet (LD) metabolism causes a variety of disorders, especially to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). But the mechanism of abnormal aggregation of LD is still not fully elucidated. Here, Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (GeCKO) screening was employed to identify candidate genes regulating LD metabolism in L02 cell. We analyzed simultaneously the transcriptomics of liver tissues of NAFLD to find potential genes involved in pathogenesis of NAFLD. After integration these data, we found that the expression of 43 candidate genes from the GeCKO screening was also decreased in tissues of NAFLD patients. Many of these 43 overlapping genes have been reported to play an important role in the formation of LD. Subsequently, we focused on CYP46A1, one of 43 candidate genes and mitochondria-related genes. We confirmed that the protein expression of CYP46A1 is deceased in tissues of NAFLD patients. Downregulation or overexpression of CYP46A1 affected LD accumulation in vitro. Deficiency of CYP46A1 impaired mitochondrial morphology and function, which may be responsible for the accumulation of LD. In summary, this study explored regulatory factors of LD accumulation at the whole-genome level, and demonstrated that CYP46A1 regulated LD formation involving in NAFLD pathogenesis. It provides new clues for studying the molecular mechanisms of diseases related to abnormal lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhou Si
- Center for Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xinjie Guan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | | | - Xiaoxia Peng
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqin Wan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Center for Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Guangshun Chen
- Center for Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jiequn Li
- Center for Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
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Dong X, Zhu Y, Wang S, Luo Y, Lu S, Nan F, Sun G, Sun X. Bavachinin inhibits cholesterol synthesis enzyme FDFT1 expression via AKT/mTOR/SREBP-2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106865. [PMID: 32827918 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive and chronic liver disease. No effective drug is currently approved for the treatment of NAFLD. Traditionally it is thought that pathogenesis of NAFLD develops from some imbalance in lipid control, thereby leading to hepatotoxicity and disease development. Squalene synthase (SQS), encoded by FDFT1, is a key regulator in cholesterol synthesis and thus a potential target for the treatment of NAFLD. Here we could identify bavachinin, a component from traditional Chinese medicine Fructus Psoraleae (FP), which apparently protects HepaRG cells from palmitic acid induced death, suppressing lipid accumulation and cholesterol synthesis through inhibition of FDFT1 through the AKT/mTOR/SREBP-2 pathway. Over-expression of FDFT1 abolished bavachinin (BVC) -induced inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. The data presented here suggest that bavachinin acts as a cholesterol synthesis enzyme inhibitor, and might serve as a drug for treating NAFLD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, PR China
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yun Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fengwei Nan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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Park SL, Li Y, Sheng X, Hom V, Xia L, Zhao K, Pooler L, Setiawan VW, Lim U, Monroe KR, Wilkens LR, Kristal BS, Lampe JW, Hullar M, Shepherd J, Loo LLM, Ernst T, Franke AA, Tiirikainen M, Haiman CA, Stram DO, Le Marchand L, Cheng I. Genome-Wide Association Study of Liver Fat: The Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:1112-1123. [PMID: 32766472 PMCID: PMC7395069 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global rise in fatty liver is a major public health problem. Thus, it is critical to identify both global and population-specific genetic variants associated with liver fat. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of percent liver fat and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in 1,709 participants from the population-based Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study. Our participants comprised older adults of five U.S. racial/ethnic groups: African Americans (n = 277), Japanese Americans (n = 424), Latinos (n = 348), Native Hawaiians (n = 274), and European Americans (n = 386). The established missense risk variant rs738409 located in patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) at 22q13 was confirmed to be associated with percent liver fat (P = 3.52 × 10-15) but more strongly in women than men (P heterogeneity = 0.002). Its frequency correlated with the prevalence of NAFLD across the five ethnic/racial groups. Rs738409 was also associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (beta = 0.028; P = 0.009) and circulating levels of insulin (beta = 0.022; P = 0.020) and alanine aminotransferase (beta = 0.016; P = 0.030). A novel association of percent liver fat with rs77249491 (located at 6q13 between limb region 1 domain containing 1 [LMBRD1] and collagen type XIX alpha 1 chain [COL19A1] (P = 1.42 × 10-8) was also observed. Rs7724941 was associated with HOMA-IR (beta = 0.12; P = 0.0005), insulin (beta = 0.11; P = 0.0003), triglycerides (beta = 0.059; P = 0.01), high-density lipoprotein (beta = -0.046; P = 0.04), and sex hormone binding globulin (beta = -0.084; P = 0.0012). This variant was present in Japanese Americans (minor allele frequency [MAF], 8%) and Native Hawaiians (MAF, 2%). Conclusion: We replicated the PNPLA3 rs738409 association in a multiethnic population and identified a novel liver fat risk variant in Japanese Americans and Native Hawaiians. GWASes of percent liver fat in East Asian and Oceanic populations are needed to replicate the rs77249491 association.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Lani Park
- Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Victor Hom
- Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Lucy Xia
- Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Kechen Zhao
- Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Loreall Pooler
- Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - V. Wendy Setiawan
- Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Unhee Lim
- University of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA
| | - Kristine R. Monroe
- Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- University of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA
| | - Bruce S. Kristal
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Division of Sleep MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | | | | | - John Shepherd
- University of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA
| | - Lenora L. M. Loo
- University of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Adrian A. Franke
- University of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA
| | - Maarit Tiirikainen
- University of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA
| | | | - Daniel O. Stram
- Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
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Kunst RF, Niemeijer M, van der Laan LJW, Spee B, van de Graaf SFJ. From fatty hepatocytes to impaired bile flow: Matching model systems for liver biology and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114173. [PMID: 32717228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A large variety of model systems are used in hepatobiliary research. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of established and emerging models for specific research questions. We specifically discuss the value and limitations of these models for research on metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), (previously named non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH)) and cholestasis-related diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The entire range of models is discussed varying from immortalized cell lines, mature or pluripotent stem cell-based models including organoids/spheroids, to animal models and human ex vivo models such as normothermic machine perfusion of livers and living liver slices. Finally, the pros and cons of each model are discussed as well as the need in the scientific community for continuous innovation in model development to better mimic the human (patho)physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni F Kunst
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marije Niemeijer
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stan F J van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Seko Y, Yamaguchi K, Tochiki N, Yano K, Takahashi A, Okishio S, Kataoka S, Okuda K, Umemura A, Moriguchi M, Tanaka S, Mori K, Okanoue T, Itoh Y. Attenuated effect of PNPLA3 on hepatic fibrosis by HSD17B13 in Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2020; 40:1686-1692. [PMID: 32342668 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS PNPLA3 rs738409 has been associated with increased risks of fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recently, carriage of the rs6834314 G allele, which is in high linkage with rs72613567 of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), was reported to be associated with a reduced risk of liver injury in NAFLD patients. We estimated the impact of these genetic variants on hepatic fibrosis in Japanese patients with NAFLD. METHODS We analysed the associations of these genetic variants with liver histology in 290 Japanese patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD diagnosed during 2002-2019. During follow-up, 14 patients (4.8%) developed hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS Prevalences of the PNPLA3 rs738409 genotypes were 0.17 for CC, 0.41 for CG, 0.42 for GG, and those for HSD17B13 rs6834314 were 0.54 for AA, 0.39 for AG and 0.07 for GG. There was no significant interaction between the PNPLA3 and HSD17B13 genotypes. Prevalences of advanced fibrosis according to PNPLA3/HSD17B13 genotypes were 0.16 for CC,CG/AG,GG, 0.20 for CC,CG/AA, 0.30 for GG/AG,GG and 0.37 for GG/AA. Multivariate analysis identified PNPLA3 GG as a predictor of advanced fibrosis (stage 3/4) in carriers of HSD17B13 AA (odds ratio 2.4, P = .041), but not HSD17B13 AG/GG (P = .776). The HSD17B13 genotype G was significantly associated with lower prevalences of severe inflammation and ballooning and tended to be associated with a higher prevalence of advanced steatosis. CONCLUSIONS In Japanese patients with NAFLD, carriage of the HSD17B13 rs6834314 G allele attenuated the effect of the PNPLA3 rs738409 GG genotype on advanced hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Seko
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tochiki
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kota Yano
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aya Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Okishio
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seita Kataoka
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichiroh Okuda
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihisa Moriguchi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saiyu Tanaka
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Kojiroh Mori
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Dongiovanni P, Crudele A, Panera N, Romito I, Meroni M, De Stefanis C, Palma A, Comparcola D, Fracanzani AL, Miele L, Valenti L, Nobili V, Alisi A. β-Klotho gene variation is associated with liver damage in children with NAFLD. J Hepatol 2020; 72:411-419. [PMID: 31655133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in adults and children. Along with obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, genetic factors strongly impact on NAFLD development and progression. Dysregulated bile acid metabolism and the fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) pathway play a pivotal role in NAFLD pathogenesis. However, the mechanism through which the FGF19 receptor system is associated with liver damage in NAFLD remains to be defined. METHODS We evaluated the impact of the rs17618244 G>A β-Klotho (KLB) variant on liver damage in 249 pediatric patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and the association of this variant with the expression of hepatic and soluble KLB. In vitro models were established to investigate the role of the KLB mutant. RESULTS The KLB rs17618244 variant was associated with an increased risk of ballooning and lobular inflammation. KLB plasma levels were lower in carriers of the rs17618244 minor A allele and were associated with lobular inflammation, ballooning and fibrosis. In HepG2 and Huh7 hepatoma cell lines, exposure to free fatty acids caused a severe reduction of intracellular and secreted KLB. Finally, KLB downregulation obtained by the expression of a KLB mutant in HepG2 and Huh7 cells induced intracellular lipid accumulation and upregulation of p62, ACOX1, ACSL1, IL-1β and TNF-α gene expression. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we showed an association between the rs17618244 KLB variant, which leads to reduced KLB expression, and the severity of NAFLD in pediatric patients. We can speculate that the KLB protein may exert a protective role against lipotoxicity and inflammation in hepatocytes. LAY SUMMARY Genetic and environmental factors strongly impact on the pathogenesis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The FGF19/FGFR4/KLB pathway plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of a genetic variant in the KLB gene on the severity of liver disease. Our data suggest that the KLB protein plays a protective role against lipotoxicity and inflammation in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Crudele
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Panera
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Romito
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Palma
- Genomic Facility Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Comparcola
- Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Translational Medicine, Department for Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Valerio Nobili
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Strawbridge RJ, Ward J, Bailey ME, Cullen B, Ferguson A, Graham N, Johnston KJ, Lyall LM, Pearsall R, Pell J, Shaw RJ, Tank R, Lyall DM, Smith DJ. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Novel Loci, Sex-Specific Effects, and Genetic Correlations With Obesity and Glucometabolic Traits in UK Biobank. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:446-461. [PMID: 31801372 PMCID: PMC6975521 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of most cardiovascular disease, but mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis are incompletely understood. Ultrasound measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) can be used to measure vascular remodeling, which is indicative of atherosclerosis. Genome-wide association studies have identified many genetic loci associated with cIMT, but heterogeneity of measurements collected by many small cohorts have been a major limitation in these efforts. Here, we conducted genome-wide association analyses in UKB (UK Biobank; N=22 179), the largest single study with consistent cIMT measurements. Approach and Results: We used BOLT-LMM software to run linear regression of cIMT in UKB, adjusted for age, sex, and genotyping chip. In white British participants, we identified 5 novel loci associated with cIMT and replicated most previously reported loci. In the first sex-specific analyses of cIMT, we identified a locus on chromosome 5, associated with cIMT in women only and highlight VCAN as a good candidate gene at this locus. Genetic correlations with body mass index and glucometabolic traits were also observed. Two loci influenced risk of ischemic heart disease. CONCLUSIONS These findings replicate previously reported associations, highlight novel biology, and provide new directions for investigating the sex differences observed in cardiovascular disease presentation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona J. Strawbridge
- From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (R.J.S., J.W., B.C., A.F., N.G., K.J.A.J., L.M.L., R.P., J.P., R.J.S., R.T., D.M.L., D.J.S.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joey Ward
- From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (R.J.S., J.W., B.C., A.F., N.G., K.J.A.J., L.M.L., R.P., J.P., R.J.S., R.T., D.M.L., D.J.S.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E.S. Bailey
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences (M.E.S.B., K.J.A.J.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Breda Cullen
- From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (R.J.S., J.W., B.C., A.F., N.G., K.J.A.J., L.M.L., R.P., J.P., R.J.S., R.T., D.M.L., D.J.S.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Ferguson
- From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (R.J.S., J.W., B.C., A.F., N.G., K.J.A.J., L.M.L., R.P., J.P., R.J.S., R.T., D.M.L., D.J.S.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Graham
- From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (R.J.S., J.W., B.C., A.F., N.G., K.J.A.J., L.M.L., R.P., J.P., R.J.S., R.T., D.M.L., D.J.S.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Keira J.A. Johnston
- From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (R.J.S., J.W., B.C., A.F., N.G., K.J.A.J., L.M.L., R.P., J.P., R.J.S., R.T., D.M.L., D.J.S.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences (M.E.S.B., K.J.A.J.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (K.J.A.J.)
| | - Laura M. Lyall
- From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (R.J.S., J.W., B.C., A.F., N.G., K.J.A.J., L.M.L., R.P., J.P., R.J.S., R.T., D.M.L., D.J.S.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Pearsall
- From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (R.J.S., J.W., B.C., A.F., N.G., K.J.A.J., L.M.L., R.P., J.P., R.J.S., R.T., D.M.L., D.J.S.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jill Pell
- From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (R.J.S., J.W., B.C., A.F., N.G., K.J.A.J., L.M.L., R.P., J.P., R.J.S., R.T., D.M.L., D.J.S.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Shaw
- From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (R.J.S., J.W., B.C., A.F., N.G., K.J.A.J., L.M.L., R.P., J.P., R.J.S., R.T., D.M.L., D.J.S.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research United Kingdom (R.J.S.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (R.J.S.)
| | - Rachana Tank
- From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (R.J.S., J.W., B.C., A.F., N.G., K.J.A.J., L.M.L., R.P., J.P., R.J.S., R.T., D.M.L., D.J.S.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Donald M. Lyall
- From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (R.J.S., J.W., B.C., A.F., N.G., K.J.A.J., L.M.L., R.P., J.P., R.J.S., R.T., D.M.L., D.J.S.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Smith
- From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (R.J.S., J.W., B.C., A.F., N.G., K.J.A.J., L.M.L., R.P., J.P., R.J.S., R.T., D.M.L., D.J.S.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Mohammadi S, Farajnia S, Shadmand M, Mohseni F, Baghban R. Association of rs780094 polymorphism of glucokinase regulatory protein with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:26. [PMID: 31924263 PMCID: PMC6954502 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-4891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GCK rs780094 polymorphism is a single nucleotide polymorphism that has been associated with obesity, type II diabetes and dyslipidemia in some populations, conditions that highly related to NAFL etiology. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NAFLD and rs780094 polymorphism in patients with NAFLD in Tabriz city, northwest of Iran. The rs780094 polymorphism was determined in 74 patients with NAFLD by PCR-RFLP technique. Demographic information was collected using a questionnaire and biochemical analysis was performed using standard laboratory methods. RESULTS There was a significant difference between case and control subjects for alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, HDL-C and triglycerides (P < 0.05). Analysis by PCR-RFLP method revealed that there were no significant differences between NAFLD and healthy subjects for rs780094 polymorphism in the study population. The results of this study indicated that rs780094 polymorphism is not associated with NAFLD in subjects from Tabriz city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Mohammadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Masoud Shadmand
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohseni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayyeh Baghban
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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66
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Shiha G, Mousa N. Noninvasive Biomarkers for Liver Fibrosis. LIVER DISEASES 2020:427-441. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24432-3_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
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67
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Gawrieh S, Guo X, Tan J, Lauzon M, Taylor KD, Loomba R, Cummings OW, Pillai S, Bhatnagar P, Kowdley KV, Yates K, Wilson LA, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Chalasani N. A Pilot Genome-Wide Analysis Study Identifies Loci Associated With Response to Obeticholic Acid in Patients With NASH. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1571-1584. [PMID: 31832568 PMCID: PMC6887685 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A significantly higher proportion of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) who received obeticholic acid (OCA) had histological improvement relative to placebo in the FLINT (farnesoid X nuclear receptor ligand obeticholic acid for noncirrhotic, NASH treatment) trial. However, genetic predictors of response to OCA are unknown. We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in FLINT participants to identify variants associated with NASH resolution and fibrosis improvement. Genotyping was performed using the Omni2.5 content GWAS chip. To avoid false positives introduced by population stratification, we focused our GWAS on white participants. Six regions on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 7, 15, and 17 had multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with suggestive association (P < 1 × 10-4) with NASH resolution. A sentinel SNP, rs75508464, near CELA3B on chromosome 1 was associated with NASH resolution, improvement in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score, portal inflammation, and fibrosis. Among individuals carrying this allele, 83% achieved NASH resolution with OCA compared with only 33% with placebo. Eight regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 11, 13, and 18 had multiple SNPs associated with fibrosis improvement; of these, rs12130403 near TDRD10 on chromosome 1 was also associated with improvement in NASH and portal inflammation, and rs4073431 near ANO3 on chromosome 11 was associated with NASH resolution and improvement in steatosis. Multiple SNPs on chromosome 11 had suggestive association with pruritus, with rs1379650 near ANO5 being the top SNP. Conclusion: We identified several variants that may be associated with histological improvement and pruritus in individuals with NASH receiving OCA. The rs75508464 variant near CELA3B may have the most significant effect on NASH resolution in those receiving OCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Gawrieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Indiana University Indianapolis IN
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Department of Pediatrics Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA
| | - Jingyi Tan
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Department of Pediatrics Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA
| | - Marie Lauzon
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Department of Pediatrics Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Department of Pediatrics Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine University of California San Diego San Diego CA
| | | | | | | | - Kris V Kowdley
- Liver Care Network and Organ Care Research Swedish Medical Center Seattle WA
| | - Katherine Yates
- Department of Epidemiology Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
| | - Laura A Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Department of Pediatrics Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Department of Pediatrics Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Indiana University Indianapolis IN
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Kallwitz ER, Tayo BO, Kuniholm MH, Cai J, Daviglus M, Cooper RS, Cotler SJ. American Ancestry Is a Risk Factor for Suspected Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hispanic/Latino Adults. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:2301-2309. [PMID: 30743004 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) disproportionally affects Hispanic/Latino populations. However, the magnitude varies among Hispanic/Latino ethnic groups. We investigated the mechanisms of these disparities. METHODS We examined associations of NAFLD-associated genetic variants and continental ancestry with suspected NAFLD, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and liver fibrosis using data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos-a population-based study of Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States. We evaluated data from 16,415 Hispanic/Latino adults in 4 cities from 2008 through 2011. Subjects suspected of having NAFLD or liver fibrosis were identified based on unexplained increases in levels of aminotransferases and FIB-4 score, respectively. RESULTS Among the 9342 participants with available genetic and aminotransferase data, the PNPLA3 G allele (odds ratio [OR], 1.53; 95% CI, 1.41-1.66), TM6SF2 T allele (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.20-1.67), and PPP1R3B G allele (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06-1.28) were associated with suspected NAFLD. PNPLA3 G was also associated with increased levels of ALT, except in participants with Dominican and South American backgrounds, and with liver fibrosis. The frequency of PNPLA3 G was high (41%) and TM6SF2 T (5%) was low in Hispanic/Latinos. PNPLA3 G frequency differed among Hispanic background groups with the highest proportion in Mexicans (52%) and the lowest proportion in Dominicans (23%). After adjustment for demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors, as well as PNPLA3 G, TM6SF2 T, and PPP1R3B G, American ancestry had a positive association with level of ALT (r = 6.61%; P < .001), whereas African (r = -3.84%; P < .001) and European (r = -4.31%; P < .001) ancestry were inversely associated with level of ALT. CONCLUSIONS American ancestry and PNPLA3 G are independent predictors of ALT levels in US Hispanic/Latinos and may in part explain NAFLD disparities in US Hispanic/Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Kallwitz
- Division of Hepatology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.
| | - Bamidele O Tayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | | | - Jianwen Cai
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard S Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Scott J Cotler
- Division of Hepatology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
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69
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Young KA, Palmer ND, Fingerlin TE, Langefeld CD, Norris JM, Wang N, Xiang AH, Guo X, Williams AH, Chen YDI, Taylor KD, Rotter JI, Raffel LJ, Goodarzi MO, Watanabe RM, Wagenknecht LE. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Loci for Liver Enzyme Concentrations in Mexican Americans: The GUARDIAN Consortium. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1331-1337. [PMID: 31219225 PMCID: PMC6656610 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Populations of Mexican American ancestry are at an increased risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether loci in known and novel genes were associated with variation in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (n = 3,644), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (n = 3,595), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (n = 1,577) levels by conducting the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of liver enzymes, which commonly measure liver function, in individuals of Mexican American ancestry. METHODS Levels of AST, ALT, and GGT were determined by enzymatic colorimetric assays. A multi-cohort GWAS of individuals of Mexican American ancestry was performed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were tested for association with liver outcomes by multivariable linear regression using an additive genetic model. Association analyses were conducted separately in each cohort, followed by a nonparametric meta-analysis. RESULTS In the PNPLA3 gene, rs4823173 (P = 3.44 × 10-10 ), rs2896019 (P = 7.29 × 10-9 ), and rs2281135 (P = 8.73 × 10-9 ) were significantly associated with AST levels. Although not genome-wide significant, these same SNPs were the top hits for ALT (P = 7.12 × 10-8 , P = 1.98 × 10-7 , and P = 1.81 × 10-7 , respectively). The strong correlation (r2 = 1.0) for these SNPs indicated a single hit in the PNPLA3 gene. No genome-wide significant associations were found for GGT. CONCLUSIONS PNPLA3, a locus previously identified with ALT, AST, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in European and Japanese GWAS, is also associated with liver enzymes in populations of Mexican American ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra A Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tasha E Fingerlin
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Research and Evaluation Branch, Kaiser Permanente of Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Adrienne H Williams
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Leslie J Raffel
- Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard M Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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70
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Namjou B, Lingren T, Huang Y, Parameswaran S, Cobb BL, Stanaway IB, Connolly JJ, Mentch FD, Benoit B, Niu X, Wei WQ, Carroll RJ, Pacheco JA, Harley ITW, Divanovic S, Carrell DS, Larson EB, Carey DJ, Verma S, Ritchie MD, Gharavi AG, Murphy S, Williams MS, Crosslin DR, Jarvik GP, Kullo IJ, Hakonarson H, Li R, Xanthakos SA, Harley JB. GWAS and enrichment analyses of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease identify new trait-associated genes and pathways across eMERGE Network. BMC Med 2019; 17:135. [PMID: 31311600 PMCID: PMC6636057 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver illness with a genetically heterogeneous background that can be accompanied by considerable morbidity and attendant health care costs. The pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD is complex with many unanswered questions. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWASs) using both adult and pediatric participants from the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network to identify novel genetic contributors to this condition. METHODS First, a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm was developed, tested, and deployed at each site to identify 1106 NAFLD cases and 8571 controls and histological data from liver tissue in 235 available participants. These include 1242 pediatric participants (396 cases, 846 controls). The algorithm included billing codes, text queries, laboratory values, and medication records. Next, GWASs were performed on NAFLD cases and controls and case-only analyses using histologic scores and liver function tests adjusting for age, sex, site, ancestry, PC, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Consistent with previous results, a robust association was detected for the PNPLA3 gene cluster in participants with European ancestry. At the PNPLA3-SAMM50 region, three SNPs, rs738409, rs738408, and rs3747207, showed strongest association (best SNP rs738409 p = 1.70 × 10- 20). This effect was consistent in both pediatric (p = 9.92 × 10- 6) and adult (p = 9.73 × 10- 15) cohorts. Additionally, this variant was also associated with disease severity and NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) (p = 3.94 × 10- 8, beta = 0.85). PheWAS analysis link this locus to a spectrum of liver diseases beyond NAFLD with a novel negative correlation with gout (p = 1.09 × 10- 4). We also identified novel loci for NAFLD disease severity, including one novel locus for NAS score near IL17RA (rs5748926, p = 3.80 × 10- 8), and another near ZFP90-CDH1 for fibrosis (rs698718, p = 2.74 × 10- 11). Post-GWAS and gene-based analyses identified more than 300 genes that were used for functional and pathway enrichment analyses. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study demonstrates clear confirmation of a previously described NAFLD risk locus and several novel associations. Further collaborative studies including an ethnically diverse population with well-characterized liver histologic features of NAFLD are needed to further validate the novel findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Todd Lingren
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yongbo Huang
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sreeja Parameswaran
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Beth L Cobb
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ian B Stanaway
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John J Connolly
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frank D Mentch
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Benoit
- Research IS and Computing, Partners HealthCare, Harvard University, Somerville, MA, USA
| | - Xinnan Niu
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Carroll
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer A Pacheco
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isaac T W Harley
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David S Carrell
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (Formerly Group Health Cooperative-Seattle), Kaiser Permanente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric B Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (Formerly Group Health Cooperative-Seattle), Kaiser Permanente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David J Carey
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Shefali Verma
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali G Gharavi
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Shawn Murphy
- Research Information Science and Computing, Partners HealthCare, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc S Williams
- Genomic Medicine Institute (M.S.W.), Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
| | - David R Crosslin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rongling Li
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stavra A Xanthakos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John B Harley
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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71
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Caussy C, Bhargava M, Villesen IF, Gudmann NS, Leeming DJ, Karsdal MA, Faulkner C, Bao D, Liu A, Lo MT, Bettencourt R, Bassirian S, Richards L, Brenner DA, Chen CH, Sirlin CB, Loomba R. Collagen Formation Assessed by N-Terminal Propeptide of Type 3 Procollagen Is a Heritable Trait and Is Associated With Liver Fibrosis Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Elastography. Hepatology 2019; 70:127-141. [PMID: 30859582 PMCID: PMC6984974 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-terminal propeptide of type 3 procollagen (PRO-C3) is a biomarker of liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study examines the association between PRO-C3 concentration and liver fibrosis assessed by magnetic resonance elastography (MRE)-measured stiffness (MRE-stiffness) and the heritability of PRO-C3 concentration in a cohort of twins and families with and without NAFLD. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a well-characterized prospective cohort of 306 participants, including 44 probands with NAFLD-cirrhosis and their 72 first-degree relatives, 24 probands with NAFLD without advanced fibrosis and their 24 first-degree relatives, and 72 controls without NAFLD and their 72 first-degree relatives. Liver steatosis was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction, and liver fibrosis was assessed by MRE-stiffness. Serum PRO-C3 was assessed by competitive, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We assessed the familial correlation of PRO-C3 concentration, the shared gene effects between PRO-C3 concentration and liver steatosis and fibrosis, and the association between PRO-C3 concentration and genetic variants in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing (MBOAT), and glucokinase regulator (CGKR) genes. In multivariable-adjusted models including age, sex, body mass index, and ethnicity, serum PRO-C3 correlated strongly with liver fibrosis (r2 = 0.50, P < 0.001) and demonstrated robust heritability (h2 , 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07, 0.59; P = 0.016). PRO-C3 concentration and steatosis had a strong genetic correlation (shared genetic determination: 0.62; 95% CI, 0.236, 1.001; P = 0.002), whereas PRO-C3 concentration and fibrosis had a strong environmental correlation (shared environmental determination: 0.55; 95% CI, 0.317, 0.717; P < 0.001). PRO-C3 concentrations were higher in carriers of the TM6SF2 rs58542926-T allele compared with noncarriers: 15.7 (± 10.5) versus 10.8 (± 5.7) ng/L (P = 0.047). Conclusion: Serum PRO-C3 correlates with MRE-assessed fibrosis, is heritable, shares genetic correlation with liver steatosis and shares environmental correlation with liver fibrosis. PRO-C3 concentration appears to be linked to both fibrosis and steatosis and increased in carriers of the TM6SF2 rs58542926 risk allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Caussy
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Université Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Meera Bhargava
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Claire Faulkner
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Denny Bao
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Amy Liu
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Min-Tzu Lo
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ricki Bettencourt
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shirin Bassirian
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Lisa Richards
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - David A. Brenner
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Claude B. Sirlin
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California
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72
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Lang AL, Beier JI. Interaction of volatile organic compounds and underlying liver disease: a new paradigm for risk. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1237-1248. [PMID: 29924722 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposures to industrial chemicals are known to cause hepatotoxicity and liver injury, in humans and in animal models. Historically, research has focused on severe acute liver injury (e.g. fulminant liver failure) or endstage diseases (e.g. cirrhosis and HCC). However, it has become recently recognized that toxicants can cause more subtle changes to the liver. For example, toxicant-associated steatohepatitis, characterized by hepatic steatosis, and inflammation, was recently recognized in an occupational cohort exposed to vinyl chloride. At high occupational levels, toxicants are sufficient to cause liver damage and disease even in healthy subjects with no comorbidities for liver injury. However, it is still largely unknown how exposure to toxicants initiate and possibly more importantly exacerbate liver disease, when combined with other factors, such as underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease caused by poor diet and/or obesity. With better understanding of the mechanism(s) and risk factors that mediate the initiation and progression of toxicant-induced liver disease, rational targeted therapy can be developed to better predict risk, as well as to treat or prevent this disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize established and proposed mechanisms of volatile organic compound-induced liver injury and to highlight key signaling events known or hypothesized to mediate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Lang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Juliane I Beier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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73
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Zhang X, Jiang H, Shen J, Zhang Y, Gu Y, Xiao J, Lian Y. Relationship between N,N-dimethylformamide exposure, PNPLA3, GCKR, COL13A1 and TM6SF2 genes, and liver injury. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:347-351. [PMID: 30616151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current researches show that N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) exposure is associated with liver injury, but it is debatable whether PNPLA3, GCKR, COL13A1 and TM6SF2 gene polymorphisms are associated with liver injury. Our objective was to examine the relationship among DMF exposure, PNPLA3 rs738409, GCKR rs780094, COL13A1 rs1227756, TM6SF2 rs58542926 and liver injury. METHODS The cohort consisted of 461 workers exposed above the DMF threshold limit value (TLV) and 211 exposed below the DMF TLV in China, who were followed for 5 years. The relationship between the measured dose of DMF and the relative risk (RR) of liver injury was also investigated by Poisson analysis. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between measured dose of DMF, gene locus, and RR for liver injury. All workers had a annual physical examinations were conducted at certified physical examination centers in Taicang CDC, including liver serum transaminase assessment and abdominal ultrasound. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes using a genomic DNA extraction kit. RESULTS The incidence of liver injury in the above DMF TLV group was significantly higher than in the below DMF TLV group. GCKR rs780094 was associated with liver injury. The interaction among the GCKR rs780094, DMF exposure and liver injury showed no significant association. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that in DMF exposure, GCKR rs780094 may contribute to the risk of liver injury. Our results suggest that GCKR rs780094 is a useful genetic marker to help identify liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- Division of Toxicology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyue Jiang
- Division of Toxicology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayang Shen
- Division of Toxicology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Division of Toxicology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiyang Gu
- Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Division of Toxicology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yulong Lian
- Division of Toxicology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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74
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Chung S, Hwang JT, Park JH, Choi HK. Free fatty acid-induced histone acetyltransferase activity accelerates lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:196-204. [PMID: 31214287 PMCID: PMC6548710 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.3.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disease triggered by epigenetic alterations, including lysine acetylation at histone or non-histone proteins, affecting the stability or transcription of lipogenic genes. Although various natural dietary compounds have anti-lipogenic effects, their effects on the acetylation status and lipid metabolism in the liver have not been thoroughly investigated. MATERIALS/METHODS Following oleic-palmitic acid (OPA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells, the acetylation status of histone and non-histone proteins, HAT activity, and mRNA expression of representative lipogenic genes, including PPARγ, SREBP-1c, ACLY, and FASN, were evaluated. Furthermore, correlations between lipid accumulation and HAT activity for 22 representative natural food extracts (NExs) were evaluated. RESULTS Non-histone protein acetylation increased following OPA treatment and the acetylation of histones H3K9, H4K8, and H4K16 was accelerated, accompanied by an increase in HAT activity. OPA-induced increases in the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes were down-regulated by C-646, a p300/CBP-specific inhibitor. Finally, we detected a positive correlation between HAT activity and lipid accumulation (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.604) using 22 NExs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NExs have novel applications as nutraceutical agents with HAT inhibitor activity for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Chung
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Park
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
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Gnocchi D, Custodero C, Sabbà C, Mazzocca A. Circadian rhythms: a possible new player in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathophysiology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:741-759. [PMID: 30953079 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, a better knowledge of the molecular machinery supervising the regulation of circadian clocks has been achieved, and numerous findings have helped in unravelling the outstanding significance of the molecular clock for the proper regulation of our physiologic and metabolic homeostasis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently considered as one of the emerging liver pathologies in the Western countries due to the modification of eating habits and lifestyle. Although NAFLD is considered a pretty benign condition, it can progress towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenic mechanisms involved in NAFLD development are complex, since this disease is a multifactorial condition. Major metabolic deregulations along with a genetic background are believed to take part in this process. In this light, the aim of this review is to give a comprehensive description of how our circadian machinery is regulated and to describe to what extent our internal clock is involved in the regulation of hormonal and metabolic homeostasis, and by extension in the development and progression of NAFLD/NASH and eventually in the onset of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gnocchi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Custodero
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzocca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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76
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A gut microbiome signature for cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1406. [PMID: 30926798 PMCID: PMC6440960 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of cirrhosis in nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease (NAFLD) is the most important predictor of liver-related mortality. Limited data exist concerning the diagnostic accuracy of gut-microbiome-derived signatures for detecting NAFLD-cirrhosis. Here we report 16S gut-microbiome compositions of 203 uniquely well-characterized participants from a prospective twin and family cohort, including 98 probands encompassing the entire spectrum of NAFLD and 105 of their first-degree relatives, assessed by advanced magnetic-resonance-imaging. We show strong familial correlation of gut-microbiome profiles, driven by shared housing. We report a panel of 30 features, including 27 bacterial features with discriminatory ability to detect NAFLD-cirrhosis using a Random Forest classifier model. In a derivation cohort of probands, the model has a robust diagnostic accuracy (AUROC of 0.92) for detecting NAFLD-cirrhosis, confirmed in a validation cohort of relatives of proband with NAFLD-cirrhosis (AUROC of 0.87). This study provides evidence for a fecal-microbiome-derived signature to detect NAFLD-cirrhosis. Development of cirrhosis in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can predict mortality. Here the authors used a unique twin and family cohort to identify a gut microbiome-derived 16sRNA signature that can detect cirrhosis in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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77
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Szanto KB, Li J, Cordero P, Oben JA. Ethnic differences and heterogeneity in genetic and metabolic makeup contributing to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:357-367. [PMID: 30936733 PMCID: PMC6430068 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s182331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most prevalent noncommunicable disease in the 21st century, associated with triglyceride deposition in hepatocytes leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is now present in around a third of the world's population. Epidemiological studies have concluded that ethnicity plays a role in complications and treatment response. However, definitive correlations of ethnicity with NAFLD are thoroughly under-reported. A comprehensive review was conducted on ethnic variation in NAFLD patients and its potential role as a crucial effector in complications and treatment response. The highest NAFLD prevalence is observed in Hispanic populations, exhibiting a worse disease progression. In contrast, African-Caribbeans exhibit the lowest risk, with less severe steatosis and inflammation, lower levels of triglycerides, and less metabolic derangement, but conversely higher prevalence of insulin resistance. The prevalence of NAFLD in Asian cohorts is under-reported, although reaching epidemic proportions in these populations. The most well-documented NAFLD patient population is that of Caucasian ethnicity, especially from the US. The relative paucity of available literature suggests there is a vital need for more large-scale multi-ethnic clinical cohort studies to determine the incidence of NAFLD within ethnic groups. This would improve therapy and drug development, as well as help identify candidate gene mutations which may differ within the population based on ethnic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina B Szanto
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK,
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK,
| | - Jiawei Li
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK,
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Cordero
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK,
| | - Jude A Oben
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK,
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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78
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Martin GG, Landrock D, Dangott LJ, McIntosh AL, Kier AB, Schroeder F. Human Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein-1 T94A Variant, Nonalcohol Fatty Liver Disease, and Hepatic Endocannabinoid System. Lipids 2019; 53:27-40. [PMID: 29488637 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic endocannabinoids (EC) and their major binding/"chaperone" protein (i.e., liver fatty acid binding protein-1 [FABP1]) are associated with development of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) in animal models and humans. Since expression of the highly prevalent human FABP1 T94A variant induces serum lipid accumulation, it is important to determine its impact on hepatic lipid accumulation and the EC system. This issue was addressed in livers from human subjects expressing only wild-type (WT) FABP1 T94T (TT genotype) or T94A variant (TC or CC genotype). WT FABP1 males had lower total lipids (both neutral cholesteryl esters, triacylglycerols) and phospholipids than females. WT FABP1 males' lower lipids correlated with lower levels of the N-acylethanolamide DHEA and 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAG) (2-OG, 2-PG). T94A expression in males increased the hepatic total lipids (triacylglycerol, cholesteryl ester), which is consistent with their higher level of CB1-potentiating 2-OG and lower antagonistic EPEA. In contrast, in females, T94A expression did not alter the total lipids, neutral lipids, or phospholipids, which is attributable to the higher cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) agonist arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and its CB1-potentiator OEA being largely offset by reduced potentiating 2-OG and increased antagonistic EPEA. Taken together, these findings indicate that T94A-induced alterations in the hepatic EC system contribute at least in part to the hepatic accumulation of lipids associated with NAFLD, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Danilo Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4467, USA
| | - Lawrence J Dangott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2128, USA
| | - Avery L McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Ann B Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4467, USA
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
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79
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Kappel S, Borgström A, Stokłosa P, Dörr K, Peinelt C. Store-operated calcium entry in disease: Beyond STIM/Orai expression levels. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 94:66-73. [PMID: 30630032 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Precise intracellular calcium signaling is crucial to numerous cellular functions. In non-excitable cells, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is a key step in the generation of intracellular calcium signals. Tight regulation of SOCE is important, and dysregulation is involved in several pathophysiological cellular malfunctions. The current underlying SOCE, calcium release-activated calcium current (ICRAC), was first discovered almost three decades ago. Since its discovery, the molecular components of ICRAC, Orai1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), have been extensively investigated. Several regulatory mechanisms and proteins contribute to alterations in SOCE and cellular malfunctions in cancer, immune and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and neuronal disorders. This review summarizes these regulatory mechanisms, including glycosylation, pH sensing, and the regulatory proteins golli, α-SNAP, SARAF, ORMDL3, CRACR2A, and TRPM4 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Kappel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Borgström
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Stokłosa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christine Peinelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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80
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Large-scale genome-wide meta-analysis of polycystic ovary syndrome suggests shared genetic architecture for different diagnosis criteria. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007813. [PMID: 30566500 PMCID: PMC6300389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovarian morphology. Affected women frequently have metabolic disturbances including insulin resistance and dysregulation of glucose homeostasis. PCOS is diagnosed with two different sets of diagnostic criteria, resulting in a phenotypic spectrum of PCOS cases. The genetic similarities between cases diagnosed based on the two criteria have been largely unknown. Previous studies in Chinese and European subjects have identified 16 loci associated with risk of PCOS. We report a fixed-effect, inverse-weighted-variance meta-analysis from 10,074 PCOS cases and 103,164 controls of European ancestry and characterisation of PCOS related traits. We identified 3 novel loci (near PLGRKT, ZBTB16 and MAPRE1), and provide replication of 11 previously reported loci. Only one locus differed significantly in its association by diagnostic criteria; otherwise the genetic architecture was similar between PCOS diagnosed by self-report and PCOS diagnosed by NIH or non-NIH Rotterdam criteria across common variants at 13 loci. Identified variants were associated with hyperandrogenism, gonadotropin regulation and testosterone levels in affected women. Linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis revealed genetic correlations with obesity, fasting insulin, type 2 diabetes, lipid levels and coronary artery disease, indicating shared genetic architecture between metabolic traits and PCOS. Mendelian randomization analyses suggested variants associated with body mass index, fasting insulin, menopause timing, depression and male-pattern balding play a causal role in PCOS. The data thus demonstrate 3 novel loci associated with PCOS and similar genetic architecture for all diagnostic criteria. The data also provide the first genetic evidence for a male phenotype for PCOS and a causal link to depression, a previously hypothesized comorbid disease. Thus, the genetics provide a comprehensive view of PCOS that encompasses multiple diagnostic criteria, gender, reproductive potential and mental health. We performed an international meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies combining over 10,000,000 genetic markers in more than 10,000 European women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 100,000 controls. We found three new risk variants associated with PCOS. Our data demonstrate that the genetic architecture does not differ based on the diagnostic criteria used for PCOS. We also demonstrate a genetic pathway shared with male pattern baldness, representing the first evidence for shared disease biology in men, and shared genetics with depression, previously postulated based only on observational studies.
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81
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Colak Y, Coskunpinar EM, Senates E, Oltulu YM, Yaylim I, Gomleksiz OK, Ozan Tiryakioglu N, Hasturk B, Ekmekci CG, Aydogan HY. Assessment of the rs2645424 C/T single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FDFT1 gene, hepatic expression, and serum concentration of the FDFT in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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82
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Kovalic AJ, Banerjee P, Tran QT, Singal AK, Satapathy SK. Genetic and Epigenetic Culprits in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2018; 8:390-402. [PMID: 30564000 PMCID: PMC6286466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) constitutes a wide spectrum of liver pathology with hepatic steatosis at the core of this pathogenesis. Variations of certain genetic components have demonstrated increased susceptibility for hepatic steatosis. Therefore, these inciting variants must be further characterized in order to ultimately provide effective, targeted therapies for NAFLD and will be the focus of this review. Several genetic variants revealed an association with NAFLD through Genome-wide Association Study, meta-analyses, and retrospective case-control studies. PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 are the two genetic variants providing the strongest evidence for association with NAFLD. However, it remains to be determined if these genetic variants serve as the primary culprit which induces the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Prospective and intervention studies are urgently needed to firmly establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the presence of certain genetic variants and risk of NAFLD development and progression.
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Key Words
- 1H-MRS, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- ACC2, Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 2
- ACLY, ATP Citrate Lyase
- BMI, Body Mass Index
- CK-18, Cytokeratin 18
- CT, Computed Tomography
- FASN, Fatty Acid Synthase
- GWAS, Genome-wide Association Study
- HCC, Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- LT, Liver Transplantation
- NAFLD, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- NASH, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
- SCD1, Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1
- SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- US, Ultrasonography
- epigenetics
- genetic polymorphisms
- genetic variants
- miRNA, MicroRNA
- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- single nucleotide polymorphisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Kovalic
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Pratik Banerjee
- University of Memphis, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Quynh T. Tran
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ashwani K. Singal
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sanjaya K. Satapathy
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly important cause of chronic liver disease globally. Similar to metabolic syndrome and obesity, NAFLD is associated with alternations in the gut microbiota and its related biological pathways. While the exact pathophysiology of NAFLD remains largely unknown, changes in intestinal inflammation, gut permeability, energy harvest, anaerobic fermentation and insulin resistance have been described. In this chapter, we review the relationship between the gut microbiota, obesity and NAFLD, and highlight potential ways to modify the gut microbiota to help managing NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis H S Lau
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
Purpose of review Advancing our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie NASH pathogenesis. Recent findings Recent findings on NASH pathogenesis have expanded our understanding of its complexity including: (1) there are multiple parallel hits that lead to NASH; (2) the microbiota play an important role in pathogenesis, with bacterial species recently shown to accurately differentiate between NAFL and NASH patients; (3) the main drivers of liver cell injury are lipotoxicity caused by free fatty acids (FFAs) and their derivatives combined with mitochondrial dysfunction; (4) decreased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) efficiency with increased demand for protein synthesis/folding/repair results in ER stress, protracted unfolded protein response, and apoptosis; (5) upregulated proteins involved in multiple pathways including JNK, CHOP, PERK, BH3-only proteins, and caspases result in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis; and (6) subtypes of NASH in which these pathophysiological pathways vary may require patient subtype identification to choose effective therapy. Summary Recent pathogenesis studies may lead to important therapeutic advances, already seen in patients treated with ACC, ASK1 and SCD1 inhibitors and FXR agonists. Further advancing our understanding of mechanisms underlying NASH pathogenesis and the complex interplay between them will be crucial for developing effective therapies.
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85
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Yamamoto K, Kogiso T, Taniai M, Hashimoto E, Tokushige K. Differences in the genetic backgrounds of patients with alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JGH OPEN 2018; 3:17-24. [PMID: 30834336 PMCID: PMC6386744 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have common hepatic histological features, but few studies have compared the genomic backgrounds of these two diseases. Here, we compared the genetic differences between ALD and NAFLD. Methods This study enrolled 318 Japanese patients with ALD (n = 118; male, 86%; median age, 62 years; liver cirrhosis, 58%; hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC], 31%) and NAFLD (n = 200; male, 55%; age, 61 years; cirrhosis, 19%; HCC, 12%). The genotype frequencies of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed. Results The ADH1B genotype GG and ALDH2 genotype GG were observed more frequently, and the percentage of patients with the MTP genotype GG was lower in ALD compared with NAFLD patients (ADH1B, 16 vs 4%; ALDH2 84 vs 44%; MTP 62 vs 72%, respectively; all P < 0.01). Comparing noncirrhosis to cirrhosis, the frequency of the potassium voltage‐gated channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ1) genotype TT and adrenoceptor beta 3 (ADRB3) genotype TT was increased significantly in ALD‐related cirrhosis. In contrast, the patatin‐like phospholipase 3 (PNPLA3) genotype CC was decreased significantly in NAFLD‐related cirrhosis. A comparison of patients with and without HCC demonstrated that the KCNQ1 genotype TT was increased significantly in both HCC groups. In addition, associations between the KCNJ15 genotype GG and ALD‐HCC and the G allele of PNPLA3 and NAFLD‐HCC were identified. Conclusions SNPs in genes related to ethanol and lipid metabolism clearly differed between patients with ALD and NAFLD. KCNQ1 might affect the progression and hepatocarcinogenesis in both ALD and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Yamamoto
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomomi Kogiso
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Makiko Taniai
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Etsuko Hashimoto
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tokushige
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
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86
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Bevilacqua L, Navarra CO, Pirastu N, Lenarda RD, Gasparini P, Robino A. A genome-wide association study identifies an association between variants in EFCAB4B gene and periodontal disease in an Italian isolated population. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:992-998. [PMID: 30284742 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis in one of the most prevalent dental diseases. Despite numerous studies have investigated its aetiopathogenetic factors, few works have focused on its genetic predisposition and most of them took into account only candidate genes. Therefore, we conducted a Genome Wide Association Study in an Italian isolated population aimed at uncovering genetic variants that predispose to this disorder. METHODS Diagnosis of chronic periodontitis was made following the criteria of the American Academy of Periodontology. Patients with chronic periodontitis were grouped into different categories: slight, severe, localized and generalized. A control group composed by people without signs of periodontitis or gingivitis was defined. DNA was genotyped using 370k Illumina chips. Linear mixed model regression was used to test the association between each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (independent variable) and the periodontitis status (dependent variable), controlling for confounders sex, age and smoking. The genomic kinship matrix was also used as random effect. RESULTS Four SNPs on the gene EFCAB4B resulted significantly associated to localized periodontitis (P < 5 × 10-8 ), with the best hit on the rs242016 SNP (P = 1.5 × 10-8 ). CONCLUSION We have identified a novel significant association between the EFCAB4B gene and localized periodontitis. These results open a new perspective in the understanding of genetic factors contributing to this common disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara O Navarra
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Paolo Gasparini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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87
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Wei J, Yuan Y, Chen L, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Peek CB, Diebold L, Yang Y, Gao B, Jin C, Melo-Cardenas J, Chandel NS, Zhang DD, Pan H, Zhang K, Wang J, He F, Fang D. ER-associated ubiquitin ligase HRD1 programs liver metabolism by targeting multiple metabolic enzymes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3659. [PMID: 30201971 PMCID: PMC6131148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (HRD1) has been identified as a key enzyme for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of misfolded proteins, but its organ-specific physiological functions remain largely undefined. Here we show that mice with HRD1 deletion specifically in the liver display increased energy expenditure and are resistant to HFD-induced obesity and liver steatosis and insulin resistance. Proteomic analysis identifies a HRD1 interactome, a large portion of which includes metabolic regulators. Loss of HRD1 results in elevated ENTPD5, CPT2, RMND1, and HSD17B4 protein levels and a consequent hyperactivation of both AMPK and AKT pathways. Genome-wide mRNA sequencing revealed that HRD1-deficiency reprograms liver metabolic gene expression profiles, including suppressing genes involved in glycogenesis and lipogenesis and upregulating genes involved in glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation. We propose HRD1 as a liver metabolic regulator and a potential drug target for obesity, fatty liver disease, and insulin resistance associated with the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yanzhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Xu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yuehui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, China
| | - Clara Bien Peek
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lauren Diebold
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Mdicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Beixue Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Chaozhi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Johanna Melo-Cardenas
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Mdicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 102206, Beijing, China.
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 102206, Beijing, China.
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Woo JS, Srikanth S, Kim KD, Elsaesser H, Lu J, Pellegrini M, Brooks DG, Sun Z, Gwack Y. CRACR2A-Mediated TCR Signaling Promotes Local Effector Th1 and Th17 Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:1174-1185. [PMID: 29987160 PMCID: PMC6081249 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel regulator 2A (CRACR2A) is expressed abundantly in T cells and acts as a signal transmitter between TCR stimulation and activation of the Ca2+/NFAT and JNK/AP1 pathways. CRACR2A has been linked to human diseases in numerous genome-wide association studies and was shown to be one of the most sensitive targets of the widely used statin drugs. However, the physiological role of CRACR2A in T cell functions remains unknown. In this study, using transgenic mice for tissue-specific deletion, we show that CRACR2A promotes Th1 responses and effector function of Th17 cells. CRACR2A was abundantly expressed in Th1 and Th17 cells. In vitro, deficiency of CRACR2A decreased Th1 differentiation under nonpolarizing conditions, whereas the presence of polarizing cytokines compensated this defect. Transcript analysis showed that weakened TCR signaling by deficiency of CRACR2A failed to promote Th1 transcriptional program. In vivo, conditional deletion of CRACR2A in T cells alleviated Th1 responses to acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection and imparted resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Analysis of CNS from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-induced mice showed impaired effector functions of both Th1 and Th17 cell types, which correlated with decreased pathogenicity. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the requirement of CRACR2A-mediated TCR signaling in Th1 responses as well as pathogenic conversion of Th17 cells, which occurs at the site of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok Woo
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Sonal Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Kyun-Do Kim
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Heidi Elsaesser
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Zuoming Sun
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
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89
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Lubecka K, Flower K, Beetch M, Qiu J, Kurzava L, Buvala H, Ruhayel A, Gawrieh S, Liangpunsakul S, Gonzalez T, McCabe G, Chalasani N, Flanagan JM, Stefanska B. Loci-specific differences in blood DNA methylation in HBV-negative populations at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma development. Epigenetics 2018; 13:605-626. [PMID: 29927686 PMCID: PMC6140905 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1481706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Late onset of clinical symptoms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) results in late diagnosis and poor disease outcome. Approximately 85% of individuals with HCC have underlying liver cirrhosis. However, not all cirrhotic patients develop cancer. Reliable tools that would distinguish cirrhotic patients who will develop cancer from those who will not are urgently needed. We used the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip microarray to test whether white blood cell DNA, an easily accessible source of DNA, exhibits site-specific changes in DNA methylation in blood of diagnosed HCC patients (post-diagnostic, 24 cases, 24 controls) and in prospectively collected blood specimens of HCC patients who were cancer-free at blood collection (pre-diagnostic, 21 cases, 21 controls). Out of 22 differentially methylated loci selected for validation by pyrosequencing, 19 loci with neighbouring CpG sites (probes) were confirmed in the pre-diagnostic study group and subjected to verification in a prospective cirrhotic cohort (13 cases, 23 controls). We established for the first time 9 probes that could distinguish HBV-negative cirrhotic patients who subsequently developed HCC from those who stayed cancer-free. These probes were identified within regulatory regions of BARD1, MAGEB3, BRUNOL5, FXYD6, TET1, TSPAN5, DPPA5, KIAA1210, and LSP1. Methylation levels within DPPA5, KIAA1210, and LSP1 were higher in prospective samples from HCC cases vs. cirrhotic controls. The remaining probes were hypomethylated in cases compared with controls. Using blood as a minimally invasive material and pyrosequencing as a straightforward quantitative method, the established probes have potential to be developed into a routine clinical test after validation in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Lubecka
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kirsty Flower
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Beetch
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jay Qiu
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lucinda Kurzava
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hannah Buvala
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Adam Ruhayel
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Samer Gawrieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tracy Gonzalez
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - George McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James M Flanagan
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara Stefanska
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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90
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Barry JD, Fagny M, Paulson JN, Aerts HJWL, Platig J, Quackenbush J. Histopathological Image QTL Discovery of Immune Infiltration Variants. iScience 2018; 5:80-89. [PMID: 30240647 PMCID: PMC6123851 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype-to-phenotype association studies typically use macroscopic physiological measurements or molecular readouts as quantitative traits. There are comparatively few suitable quantitative traits available between cell and tissue length scales, a limitation that hinders our ability to identify variants affecting phenotype at many clinically informative levels. Here we show that quantitative image features, automatically extracted from histopathological imaging data, can be used for image quantitative trait loci (iQTLs) mapping and variant discovery. Using thyroid pathology images, clinical metadata, and genomics data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, we establish and validate a quantitative imaging biomarker for immune cell infiltration. A total of 100,215 variants were selected for iQTL profiling and tested for genotype-phenotype associations with our quantitative imaging biomarker. Significant associations were found in HDAC9 and TXNDC5. We validated the TXNDC5 association using GTEx cis-expression QTL data and an independent hypothyroidism dataset from the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Barry
- Center for Cancer Computational Biology and Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Maud Fagny
- Center for Cancer Computational Biology and Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph N Paulson
- Center for Cancer Computational Biology and Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hugo J W L Aerts
- Department of Radiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John Platig
- Center for Cancer Computational Biology and Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Quackenbush
- Center for Cancer Computational Biology and Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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91
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92
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Ma J, Hennein R, Liu C, Long MT, Hoffmann U, Jacques PF, Lichtenstein AH, Hu FB, Levy D. Improved Diet Quality Associates With Reduction in Liver Fat, Particularly in Individuals With High Genetic Risk Scores for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:107-117. [PMID: 29604292 PMCID: PMC6035111 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dietary modification has been recommended for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), although it is not clear whether improving diet quality can prevent its development. We performed a prospective study to examine the association between diet quality change and change in liver fat. We also examined the association between genetic risk score and liver fat change in individuals with different levels of diet quality change. METHODS Our study included 1521 participants who attended the seventh and eighth examinations (1998-2001 and 2005-2008) of the second-generation cohort or attended the first and second examinations (2002-2005 and 2008-2011) of the third-generation cohort in the Framingham Heart Study. The self-administered semiquantitative 126-item Harvard food frequency questionnaire was used to determine dietary intake in the year leading up to an examination. We assessed levels of liver fat using liver-phantom ratio (LPR) on computed tomography images from 2002 through 2005 and again from 2008 through 2011. LPR values are inversely related to liver fat: increased LPR indicates decreased liver fat. We examined associations of changes in 2 diet scores, the Mediterranean-style diet score (MDS) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), with changes in liver fat and new-onset fatty liver. We evaluated interactions between diet score change and a weighted genetic risk score for NAFLD, determined based on multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified in genome-wide association studies of NAFLD. The primary outcome was change in LPR between baseline and follow-up measurement. RESULTS For each 1 standard deviation increase in MDS, the LPR increased (meaning liver fat decreased) by 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27-0.86; P < .001) and the odds for incident fatty liver decreased by 26% (95% CI 10%-39%; P = .002). For each 1 standard deviation increase in AHEI, LPR increased by 0.56 (95% CI 0.29-0.84; P < .001) and the odds for incident fatty liver decreased by 21% (95% CI 5%-35%; P = .02). Increased diet scores were also associated with reduced odds of developing more-advanced fatty liver. Higher genetic risk scores were associated with increased liver fat accumulation in participants who had decreased MDS (P < .001) or AHEI scores (P = .001), but not in those with stable or improved diet scores (P for gene-diet interaction <.001). CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of participants in the Framingham Heart Study, increasing diet quality, determined based on MDS and AHEI scores, is associated with less liver fat accumulation and reduced risk for new-onset fatty liver. An improved diet is particularly important for individuals with a high genetic risk for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Ma
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland and the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA, 01702
| | - Rachel Hennein
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland and the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA, 01702
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland and the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA, 01702
| | - Michelle T. Long
- Section of Gastroenterology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02118
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02114
| | - Paul F. Jacques
- Nutrition Epidemiology Program, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02111
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02111
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts.
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93
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Schuster S, Cabrera D, Arrese M, Feldstein AE. Triggering and resolution of inflammation in NASH. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:349-364. [PMID: 29740166 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered the progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is characterized by liver steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury and different degrees of fibrosis. A central issue in this field relates to the identification of those factors that trigger inflammation, thus fuelling the transition from nonalcoholic fatty liver to NASH. These triggers of liver inflammation might have their origins outside the liver (such as in adipose tissue or the gut) as well as inside the organ (for instance, lipotoxicity, innate immune responses, cell death pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress), both of which contribute to NASH development. In this Review, we summarize the currently available information on the key upstream triggers of inflammation in NASH. We further delineate the mechanisms by which liver inflammation is resolved and the implications of a defective pro-resolution process. A better knowledge of these mechanisms should help to design targeted therapies able to halt or reverse disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schuster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centre for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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94
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Rausch JC, Lavine JE, Chalasani N, Guo X, Kwon S, Schwimmer JB, Molleston JP, Loomba R, Brunt EM, da Chen YDI, Goodarzi MO, Taylor KD, Yates KP, Rotter JI. Genetic Variants Associated With Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Hispanic Boys With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66:789-796. [PMID: 29470286 PMCID: PMC5916321 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) disproportionately affects Hispanic boys. Further, obesity and insulin resistance are major risk factors for NAFLD. No gene localization studies had been performed on children with biopsy-proven NAFLD. This study aims to identify genomic variants associated with increased adiposity and insulin resistance in a population of children with varying histologic severity of NAFLD. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) including 624,297 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed among all 22 autosomal chromosomes in 234 Hispanic boys (up to 18 years of age) who were consecutively recruited in a prospective cohort study in the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network Studies. Traits were examined quantitatively using linear regression. SNPs with P value <10 and a minor allele frequency >5% were considered potentially significant. RESULTS Evaluated subjects had a median age of 12.0 years, body mass index (BMI) of 31.4, and hemoglobin A1C (Hgb A1C) of 5.3. The prevalence of NAFL, borderline NASH, and definite NASH were 23%, 53%, and 22%, respectively. The GWAS identified 10 SNPs that were associated with BMI z score, 6 within chromosome 2, and 1 within CAMK1D, which has a potential role in liver gluconeogenesis. In addition, the GWAS identified 9 novel variants associated with insulin resistance: HOMA-IR (6) and HbA1c (3). CONCLUSIONS This study of Hispanic boys with biopsy-proven NAFLD with increased risk for the metabolic syndrome revealed novel genetic variants that are associated with obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Pediatrics, LA BioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Soonil Kwon
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Pediatrics, LA BioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Rohit Loomba
- Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Yii-Der I da Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Pediatrics, LA BioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Pediatrics, LA BioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Katherine P Yates
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Pediatrics, LA BioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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95
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Hwang JT, Shin EJ, Chung MY, Park JH, Chung S, Choi HK. Ethanol extract of Allium fistulosum inhibits development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:110-117. [PMID: 29629027 PMCID: PMC5886962 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.2.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and is closely associated with metabolic syndrome. In the present study, we observed the effect of ethanol extract of Allium fistulosum (EAF) on NAFLD and have suggested the possibility of using EAF as a natural product for application in the development of a treatment for NAFLD. MATERIALS/METHODS The preventive effect on hepatic lipid accumulation was estimated by using an oleic acid (OA)-induced NAFLD model in vitro and a Western diet (high-fat high-sucrose; WD)-induced obese mouse model. Animals were divided into three groups (n = 7): normal diet group (ND), WD group, and WD plus 1% EAF group. RESULTS EAF reduced OA-stimulated lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells in the absence of cellular cytotoxicity and significantly blocked transcriptional activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase genes. Subsequently, we investigated these effects in vivo in mice fed either ND or WD in the presence or absence of EAF supplementation. In comparison to the ND controls, the WD-fed mice exhibited increases in body weight, liver weight, epididymal fat weight, and accumulation of fat in hepatocytes, and these effects were significantly attenuated by EAF supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Allium fistulosum attenuates the development of NAFLD, and EAF elicits anti-lipogenic activity in liver. Therefore, EAF represents a promising candidate for use in the development of novel therapeutic drugs or drug combinations for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Taek Hwang
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Shin
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Min-Yu Chung
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Park
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sangwon Chung
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
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96
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Tang R, Liu H, Yuan Y, Xie K, Xu P, Liu X, Wen J. Genetic factors associated with risk of metabolic syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35403-35411. [PMID: 28515345 PMCID: PMC5471064 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the metabolic syndrome is a commonplace topic, its potential threats to public health is a problem that cannot be neglected. As the living conditions improved significantly over the past few years, the morbidity of metabolic syndrome has also steadily risen, and the onset age is becoming younger. The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is one of the most prevalent life-threatening human cancers worldwide, incidence of which is also on the rise, gradually occupied the top of the list associated with metabolic syndrome related complication. Despite the advanced improvement of HCC management, the lifestyle, environmental factors, obesity, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have been recognized as risk factors for the development of liver cancer. In recent years, genetic studies, especially the genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were widely performed, a new era of the human genome research was created, which has significantly promoted the study of complex disease genetics. These progresses have contributed to the discovery of abundant number of genomic loci convincingly linked with complex metabolic feature and HCC. In this review, we briefly summarize the association between metabolic syndrome and HCC, focusing on the genetic factors contributed to metabolic syndrome and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Tang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingdi Yuan
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaipeng Xie
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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97
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Seko Y, Yamaguchi K, Mizuno N, Okuda K, Takemura M, Taketani H, Hara T, Umemura A, Nishikawa T, Moriguchi M, Yasui K, Kamaguchi M, Nishioji K, Mochizuki N, Kobayashi M, Mori K, Tanaka S, Matsuura K, Tanaka Y, Itoh Y. Combination of PNPLA3 and TLL1 polymorphism can predict advanced fibrosis in Japanese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:438-448. [PMID: 28744823 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is an independent risk factor for mortality and liver-related events in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PNPLA3 rs738409 has been associated with fibrosis in viral and non-viral hepatitis. TLL1 rs17047200 also has been associated with developing hepatocellular carcinoma probably via hepatic fibrogenesis. We estimated the impact of these genetic polymorphisms on hepatic fibrosis in Japanese patients with NAFLD. METHODS We analyzed the association between these genetic variants and the backgrounds of 817 individuals who received health checkups (health check cohort) from 2012 to 2014. Then, we investigated the relationship between genetic variants and liver histology in 258 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD in Japan (NAFLD cohort) from 2012 to 2017 (UMIN000027399). RESULTS The prevalence of PNPLA3 CG/GG in the NAFLD cohort was higher than that in the health check cohort (p < 0.001). The prevalence of patients with advanced fibrosis (stages 3-4) was higher for PNPLA3 genotype CG/GG than CC (p = 0.048) and for TLL1 genotype AT/TT than AA (p = 0.044). The high-risk group which had at least two risk alleles of these variants was more likely to have advanced fibrosis (p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis identified body mass index [odds ratio (OR) 1.123, serum AST (OR 1.037, p = 0.004], serum albumin (OR 0.247, p = 0.032), and genetic high risk (OR 2.632, p = 0.026) as predictors of advanced fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In Japanese patients with NAFLD, individuals with risk alleles of PNPLA3 and TLL1 may have a risk of advanced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Seko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naoki Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Okuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masashi Takemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Taketani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Taichiro Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Michihisa Moriguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kohichiroh Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mai Kamaguchi
- Health Care Division, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nishioji
- Health Care Division, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naomi Mochizuki
- Health Care Division, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Kobayashi
- Health Care Division, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiroh Mori
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Saiyu Tanaka
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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98
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The genetic backgrounds in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin J Gastroenterol 2018; 11:97-102. [PMID: 29492830 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-018-0841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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99
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Larrieta-Carrasco E, Flores YN, Macías-Kauffer LR, Ramírez-Palacios P, Quiterio M, Ramírez-Salazar EG, León-Mimila P, Rivera-Paredez B, Cabrera-Álvarez G, Canizales-Quinteros S, Zhang ZF, López-Pérez TV, Salmerón J, Velázquez-Cruz R. Genetic variants in COL13A1, ADIPOQ and SAMM50, in addition to the PNPLA3 gene, confer susceptibility to elevated transaminase levels in an admixed Mexican population. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 104:50-58. [PMID: 29307798 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the accumulation of extra fat in liver cells not caused by alcohol. Elevated transaminase levels are common indicators of liver disease, including NAFLD. Previously, we demonstrated that PNPLA3 (rs738409), LYPLAL1 (rs12137855), PPP1R3B (rs4240624), and GCKR (rs780094) are associated with elevated transaminase levels in overweight/obese Mexican adults. We investigated the association between 288 SNPs identified in genome-wide association studies and risk of elevated transaminase levels in an admixed Mexican-Mestizo sample of 178 cases of NAFLD and 454 healthy controls. The rs2896019, rs12483959, and rs3810622 SNPs in PNPLA3 and rs1227756 in COL13A1 were associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT, ≥40IU/L). A polygenic risk score (PRS) based on six SNPs in the ADIPOQ, COL13A1, PNPLA3, and SAMM50 genes was also associated with elevated ALT. Individuals carrying 9-12 risk alleles had 65.8% and 48.5% higher ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, respectively, than those with 1-4 risk alleles. The PRS showed the greatest risk of elevated ALT levels, with a higher level of significance than the individual variants. Our findings suggest a significant association between variants in COL13A1, ADIPOQ, SAMM50, and PNPLA3, and risk of NAFLD/elevated transaminase levels in Mexican adults with an admixed ancestry. This is the first study to examine high-density single nucleotide screening for genetic variations in a Mexican-Mestizo population. The extent of the effect of these variations on the development and progression of NAFLD in Latino populations requires further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Larrieta-Carrasco
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yvonne N Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Blvd. Benito Juárez No. 31 Col. Centro, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; UCLA Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Luis R Macías-Kauffer
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paula Ramírez-Palacios
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Blvd. Benito Juárez No. 31 Col. Centro, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Manuel Quiterio
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Eric G Ramírez-Salazar
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)-Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Paola León-Mimila
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Blvd. Benito Juárez No. 31 Col. Centro, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Cabrera-Álvarez
- Clínica de Hígado, IMSS Hospital General Regional UMF, 1, Av. Plan de Ayala S/N, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- UCLA Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tania V López-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Blvd. Benito Juárez No. 31 Col. Centro, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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100
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Nakajima S, Tanaka H, Sawada K, Hayashi H, Hasebe T, Abe M, Hasebe C, Fujiya M, Okumura T. Polymorphism of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase delta gene in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:283-290. [PMID: 28497593 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). As one of the genetic factors, PNPLA3 rs738409 (I148M) is important to associate with pathogenesis of NAFLD. Because other SNPs remain unclear in Japan, we performed a high-throughput sequencing that targeted more than 1000 genes to identify a novel genetic variant in Japanese patients with NAFLD. METHODS The present study in 36 NAFLD patients and 27 healthy volunteers was performed. A high-throughput sequencer was used to detect the gene variations. Candidate genes were validated by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay in 53 NAFLD patients and 41 healthy volunteers. To investigate the function of candidate gene, we performed biochemical analyses in cultured hepatocytes and liver tissues. RESULTS EXO1 rs1047840, PTPRD rs35929428, IFNAR2 rs2229207, CPOX rs1131857, IL23R rs1884444, IL10RA rs2228055, and FAM3B rs111988437 were identified as candidate genetic variants, and PTPRD rs35929428 was only extracted as a SNP predicting to cause protein dysfunction. In validation analysis, PTPRD rs35929428 associated with the development of NAFLD (P = 0.015, odds ratio = 5.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.33-18.70). In addition, PTPRD rs35929428 was associated with Fib-4 index and with hepatic fat droplets. Biochemical analyses indicated that PTPRD rs35929428 promoted dephosphorylation of tyrosine 705 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Tyr 705) in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION PTPRD rs35929428 was a novel SNP in patients with NAFLD. Through exacerbation of the dephosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Tyr 705) in hepatocytes, PTPRD rs35929428 might play a role in hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrosis, followed by the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Nakajima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Legal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Koji Sawada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hidemi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asahikawa Red Cross Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takumu Hasebe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Masami Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asahikawa Red Cross Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Chitomi Hasebe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asahikawa Red Cross Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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