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Vitamin D and the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6213872. [PMID: 26880977 PMCID: PMC4736588 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6213872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies support reciprocal regulation between the active vitamin D derivative 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Thus, 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits EMT via the induction of a variety of target genes that encode cell adhesion and polarity proteins responsible for the epithelial phenotype and through the repression of key EMT inducers. Both direct and indirect regulatory mechanisms mediate these effects. Conversely, certain master EMT inducers inhibit 1,25(OH)2D3 action by repressing the transcription of VDR gene encoding the high affinity vitamin D receptor that mediates 1,25(OH)2D3 effects. Consequently, the balance between the strength of 1,25(OH)2D3 signaling and the induction of EMT defines the cellular phenotype in each context. Here we review the current understanding of the genes and mechanisms involved in the interplay between 1,25(OH)2D3 and EMT.
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Sun H, Tang H, Xie D, Jia Z, Ma Z, Wei D, Mishra L, Gao Y, Zheng S, Xie K, Peng Z. Krüppel-like Factor 4 Blocks Hepatocellular Carcinoma Dedifferentiation and Progression through Activation of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-6. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:502-12. [PMID: 26338995 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor differentiation is a behavioral index for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a prognostic factor for patients with HCC who undergo orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). However, the molecular basis for HCC differentiation and prognostic value of the underlying molecules that regulate HCC differentiation are unclear. In this study, we defined a potential driver pathway for HCC differentiation and prognostication. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The regulation and function of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and hepatocyte nuclear factor-6 (HNF-6) in HCC differentiation was evaluated using human tissues, molecular and cell biology, and animal models, and its prognostic significance was determined according to its impact on patient survival. RESULTS There was a direct relationship between the expression levels of KLF4 and HNF6 in HCC. Reduced KLF4 or HNF6 expression correlated with high HCC grade. Poorly differentiated HCC cells had lower expression of KLF4 or HNF6 and differentiation-associated markers than did well-differentiated cells. Elevated KLF4 of HNF6 expression induced differentiation of poorly differentiated hepatoma cells. Mechanistically, KLF4 trans-activated HNF-6 expression. Restored HNF-6 expression upregulated expression of differentiation-associated markers and inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion, whereas HNF-6 knockdown did the opposite. Loss of KLF4 expression in primary HCC correlated with reduced overall survival and shortened relapse-free survival durations after OLT. Combination of KLF4 expression and the Milan criteria improved prognostication for HCC after OLT. CONCLUSIONS The dysregulated KLF4/HNF-6 pathway drives dedifferentition and progression of HCC, and KLF4 is a biomarker for accurate prognostication of patients with HCC treated by OLT when integrated with the Milan Criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, PR China. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dacheng Xie
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhenyu Ma
- Liver Transplantation Section, Center for Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Department of Pathology Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Haikou, PR China.
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, PR China.
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Sung MT, Hsu HT, Lee CC, Lee HC, Kuo YJ, Hua K, Hsia CY, Chi CW. Krüppel-like factor 4 modulates the migration and invasion of hepatoma cells by suppressing TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:439-46. [PMID: 25954999 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) plays important roles in development, stemness and tumorigenesis; however limited information is available on the detailed function of KLF4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of the present study was to examine the functional roles of KLF4 in the metastasis of HCC cells. KLF4 was overexpressed and knocked down by lentiviral transduction method in highly metastatic HCC cells. KLF4 overexpression in HCC cells led to inhibition of cell migration and invasion. These inhibitory effects were associated with the upregulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 by KLF4. Treatment with recombinant TIMP-1 decreased the migratory ability of HCC cells. Moreover, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-TIMP-1/TIMP-2 inactivator counteracted the KLF4-induced inhibition of cell migration/invasion. Consistently, KLF4 knockdown in HCC cells downregulated TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression, consequently promoting cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, we found that KLF4 regulated E-cadherin and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins such as snail, vimentin and Bmi1 to modulate the cell migration ability. These results together demonstrated for the first time that KLF4 plays an important role in inhibiting the aggressiveness of HCC cells via upregulation of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ta Sung
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Tzu Hsu
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Chun Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Ju Kuo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kate Hua
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Yuan Hsia
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Wen Chi
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Lu XJ, Shi Y, Chen JL, Ma S. Krüppel-like factors in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:533-41. [PMID: 25652467 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis are still elusive. In recent years, studies on functions of Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) in HCC have shed new light on this field. To date, five members (KLF4, KLF6, KLF8, KLF9, and KLF17) in the KLF family have been reported to function in the pathogenesis of HCC in multiple ways, which hold the potential of deepening and widening our understanding in the initiation and progression of HCC. In this review, we focus on the functions, roles, and regulatory networks of these five KLFs in HCC, summarize key pathways, and propose areas for further investigation, with the hope that this review will provide a reliable and concise reference for readers interested in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Huang S, Wang C, Yi Y, Sun X, Luo M, Zhou Z, Li J, Cai Y, Jiang X, Ke Y. Krüppel-like factor 9 inhibits glioma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity via downregulation of miR-21. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:547-55. [PMID: 25305446 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are zinc finger-containing transcription factors that play key roles in the regulation of differentiation and development as well as biological processes central to the development of malignancies. Increasing evidence indicates that Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) plays a critical role in regulating tumorigenesis. However, the biological role and molecular mechanism of KLF9 in glioma progression remain unclear. Herein, we found that KLF9 expression was strongly reduced in gliomas. Reduced KLF9 expression promoted glioma cell proliferation. Importantly, re-constitution of KLF9 expression inhibited glioma cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we determined that KLF9 interacted with the miR-21 promoter, leading to suppression of miR-21 expression and cell cycle arrest. Taken together, our findings indicate a novel mechanism for KLF function in tumorigenesis and may also suggest new targets for clinical intervention in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Chanjuan Wang
- Department of The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongjun Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xinlin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Minjie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Jianwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yingqian Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yiquan Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
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Sun J, Wang B, Liu Y, Zhang L, Ma A, Yang Z, Ji Y, Liu Y. Transcription factor KLF9 suppresses the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vivo and positively regulates p53 expression. Cancer Lett 2014; 355:25-33. [PMID: 25242357 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) is known to be a tumor suppressor gene in colorectal tumors and glioblastoma; however, the functional status and significance of KLF9 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We report here that KLF9 is downregulated in HCC tissues. Restoration of KLF9 significantly inhibited growth and caused apoptosis in SK-Hep1 and HepG2 cells. We found that KLF9 positively regulated p53 levels by directly binding to GC boxes within the proximal region of the p53 promoter. Moreover, in the presence of cycloheximide, KLF9 significantly increased p53 stability in HCC cells. Remarkably, ectopic expression of KLF9 was sufficient to delay the onset of tumors and to promote regression of the established tumors in vivo, suggesting that KLF9 plays a critical role in HCC development and that pharmacological or genetic activation of KLF9 may have potential in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Boshi Wang
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihui Ma
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojuan Yang
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Cui J, Shi M, Quan M, Xie K. Regulation of EMT by KLF4 in gastrointestinal cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2014; 13:986-95. [PMID: 24168184 DOI: 10.2174/15680096113136660104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is characterized by its aggressiveness, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Studies reveal that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is regulated by a series of transcription factors and signaling pathways, is strongly associated with GI cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Importantly, EMT is a product of crosstalk between signaling pathways. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a zinc finger-type transcription factor, is decreased or lost in most GI cancers. By transcriptionally regulating its downstream target genes, KLF4 plays important roles of GI cancer tumorigenesis, proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of KLF4 in GI cancer EMT, and demonstrate that through crosstalk with TGF-β, Notch, and Wnt signaling pathways, KLF4 negatively regulates EMT of GI cancers. Finally, we indicate the challenging new frontiers for KLF4 which contributes to better understanding of the mechanism of GI cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Unit 1466, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Shi M, Cui J, Du J, Wei D, Jia Z, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Gao Y, Xie K. A novel KLF4/LDHA signaling pathway regulates aerobic glycolysis in and progression of pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4370-80. [PMID: 24947925 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor and putative tumor suppressor. However, little is known about its effect on aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic tumors. Therefore, we investigated the clinical significance, biologic effects, and mechanisms of dysregulated KLF4 signaling in aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression of KLF4 and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in 70 primary pancreatic tumors and 10 normal pancreatic tissue specimens was measured. Also, the underlying mechanisms of altered KLF4 expression and its impact on aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells were investigated. RESULTS We found a negative correlation between KLF4 and LDHA expression in pancreatic cancer cells and tissues and that their expression was associated with clinicopathologic features of pancreatic cancer. KLF4 underexpression and LDHA overexpression were correlated with disease stage and tumor differentiation. Experimentally, KLF4 overexpression significantly attenuated the aerobic glycolysis in and growth of pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in orthotopic mouse models, whereas knockdown of KLF4 expression had the opposite effect. Enforced KLF4 expression decreased LDHA expression, whereas small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of KLF4 expression had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, KLF4 bound directly to the promoter regions of the LDHA gene and negatively regulated its transcription activity. CONCLUSIONS Dysregulated signaling in this novel KLF4/LDHA pathway significantly impacts aerobic glycolysis in and development and progression of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiujie Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Du
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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High cytoplasmic expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 is an independent prognostic factor of better survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9894-906. [PMID: 24897024 PMCID: PMC4100128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Hepatocarcinogenesis is complex, with an extraordinary molecular heterogeneity. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation, and it can function as a tumor suppressor or an oncoprotein, depending on tissue type. The role of KLF4 in HCC remains controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical significance of KLF4 expression in HCC. The study included 205 patients with surgical resection. We performed immunostaining for KLF4 and Ki-67 to investigate the correlations of the clinicopathological parameters of HCC and to examine the proliferative index. KLF4 staining was observed in the cytoplasm of non-tumorous hepatocytes and tumor cells. We subdivided the immunohistological staining results for KLF4 into low expression (Staining 0 and 1+) and high expression (Staining 2+ and 3+) subgroups. The expression of KLF4 was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (p = 0.001). The Ki-67 proliferative index was significantly lower in well-differentiated HCCs (0.781% ± 1.02% vs. 2.16% ± 3.14%, p = 0.012), but not significantly different between low-KLF4 expression and high-KLF4 expression (1.87% ± 2.93% vs. 2.51% ± 3.28%, p = 0.32). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that a high expression of KLF4 was significantly correlated with a longer disease-specific survival (p = 0.019). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that high KLF4 expression was an independent predictor of a better disease-specific survival (p = 0.017; hazard ratio = 0.398; 95% confidence interval: 0.19-0.85). High cytoplasmic expression of KLF4 was associated with better disease-specific survival and was an independently favorable prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. These promising results suggest that KLF4 may play an anti-oncogenic role in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Finkelmeier F, Kronenberger B, Köberle V, Bojunga J, Zeuzem S, Trojan J, Piiper A, Waidmann O. Severe 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency identifies a poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma - a prospective cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:1204-12. [PMID: 24684435 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is involved in many biological processes. The role of vitamin D in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains inconclusive, although there is evolving evidence that vitamin D may modulate cancer development and progression. AIM To evaluate serum vitamin D as prognostic parameter in HCC, we performed a prospective cohort study. METHODS HCC patients were prospectively recruited and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3 ) levels were determined. 25(OH)D3 levels were compared to stages of cirrhosis and HCC stages with nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman correlations in 200 HCC patients. The association of the 25(OH)D3 levels and overall survival (OS) was assessed in uni- and multivariate Cox regression models. RESULTS Two-hundred patients with HCC were included. The mean follow-up time was 322 ± 342 days with a range of 1-1508 days. Nineteen patients underwent liver transplantation and 60 patients died within the observation time. The mean serum 25(OH)D3 concentration was 17 ± 13 ng/mL with a range of 1-72 ng/mL. 25(OH)D3 serum levels negatively correlated with the stage of cirrhosis as well as with stages of HCC. Patients with severe 25(OH)D3 deficiency had the highest mortality risk (hazard ratio 2.225, 95% confidence interval 1.331-3.719, P = 0.002). Furthermore, very low 25(OH)D3 levels were associated with mortality independently from the MELD score and high alpha-Fetoprotein levels (>400 ng/mL) in a multivariate Cox regression model. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that 25(OH)D3 deficiency is associated with advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma and it is a prognostic indicator for a poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Finkelmeier
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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An J, Liu J, Liu L, Liu Y, Pan Y, Huang M, Qi F, Wen J, Xie K, Ma H, Shen H, Hu Z. A genetic variant in primary miR-378 is associated with risk and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93707. [PMID: 24751683 PMCID: PMC3994025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MiR-378 has been reported to be related to cell survival, tumor growth and angiogenesis and may participate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and prognosis. Genetic variants in primary miR-378 (pri-miR-378) may impact miR-378 expression and contribute to HCC risk and survival. This study aimed to assess the associations between a genetic variant in primary miR-378 and HCC susceptibility and prognosis. Methods We conducted a case-control study to analyze the association of rs1076064 in pri-miR-378 with hepatocellular carcinoma risk in 1300 HCC patients with positive hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 1344 HBV carriers. Then, we evaluated the correlation between the polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis in 331 HCC patients at either intermediate or advanced stage without surgical treatment. Results The variant genotypes of rs1076064 were associated with a decreased HCC risk in HBV carriers [Adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.90, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.81–1.00, P = 0.047]. Moreover, HCC patients with the variant genotypes were associated with a better survival [Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.70, 95% CIs = 0.59–0.83, P<0.0001 in an additive genetic model]. The reporter gene assay showed that the variant G allele of rs1076064 exerted higher promoter activity than the A allele. Conclusions These findings indicate that rs1076064 may be a biomarker for HCC susceptibility and prognosis through altering pri-miR-378 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze An
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jibin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Pathology Center and Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingde Huang
- Department of Oncology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuzhen Qi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaipeng Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Caner S, Altınbaş A, Saykı M, Büyükcam F, Yılmaz B, Çakal E, Çoban Ş, Delibaşı T. M30 does not predict the severity of hepatosteatosis, whereas adiponectin level declined with increase of ALT and the severity of hepatic steatosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 28:381-5. [PMID: 24648300 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging problem all over the world. Because NAFLD and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are both closely related with insulin resistance, it would be necessary to determine the rate of presence of NAFLD in PCOS patients. So, this study aimed to investigate the utility of M30 in PCOS patients for the diagnosis of hepatic injury. METHODS Eighty patients with PCOS were included in the study. Ultrasonographic examination for the presence of hepatic steatosis, M30 serum level for determining the severity of ongoing apoptotic cell death in liver, and BARD index for defining the hepatic injury were performed during the study. 25-OH vitamin D and adiponectin level in sera were studied using ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay). RESULTS M30 and vitamin D levels did not change significantly with the severity of hepatic steatosis. On the other hand, M30 levels showed a positive correlation with ALT and AST levels, and M30 level suddenly increased with the presence of hepatic steatosis from 159.7 to 170 U/l, however stabilized with the increasing severity of hepatic setatosis. Adiponectin levels decreased with the increasing severity of hepatic steatosis and significantly varied between ALT greater than 40 U/l and less than 40 U/l. CONCLUSIONS M30 level in serum increased with the appearance of hepatic steatosis and had a positive correlation with a noninvasive hepatic injury test, BARD (BMI, aspartate aminotransferase [AST]/alanine aminotransferase [ALT] ratio [AAR], diabetes mellitus [DM]) index. Adiponectin level decreased with the increasing ALT level and severity of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Caner
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Educational and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Fingas CD, Altinbas A, Schlattjan M, Beilfuss A, Sowa JP, Sydor S, Bechmann LP, Ertle J, Akkiz H, Herzer K, Paul A, Gerken G, Baba HA, Canbay A. Expression of apoptosis- and vitamin D pathway-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Digestion 2014; 87:176-81. [PMID: 23635474 DOI: 10.1159/000348441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and therapeutic options are scarce. As they might represent future targets for cancer therapy, the expression of apoptosis-related genes in HCC is of particular interest. In this pilot study, we further examined apoptosis-related genes in human HCC and also focused on vitamin D signaling as this might be a regulator of HCC cell apoptosis. METHODS We employed tumor tissue and serum samples from 62 HCC patients as well as 62 healthy controls for these studies. Tissue and serum specimens were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and ELISA. RESULTS In HCC patients the apoptosis marker M30 was found to be elevated and several pro-apoptotic (TRAIL, FasL and FasR) as well as anti-apoptotic genes (Mcl-1 and Bcl-2) were simultaneously upregulated in tumor tissue and especially tumor-surrounding tissue as compared to healthy control livers. Moreover, vitamin D serum levels were decreased in HCC patients whereas vitamin D receptor mRNA expression was increased in tumor tissue and tumor-surrounding tissue as compared to healthy livers. CONCLUSIONS In human HCC, M30 serum levels are elevated indicating an increased cell turnover. Modulation of the vitamin D pathway might be a supportive, pro-apoptotic HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Fingas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
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Xiao H, Li H, Yu G, Xiao W, Hu J, Tang K, Zeng J, He W, Zeng G, Ye Z, Xu H. MicroRNA-10b promotes migration and invasion through KLF4 and HOXD10 in human bladder cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1832-8. [PMID: 24573354 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effect of microRNA-10b (miR-10b) on cell migration and invasion in human bladder cancer (BC). Real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of miR-10b in BC cell lines. miR-10b mimics, the negative control for mimics, miR-10b inhibitor and the negative control for inhibitor were transfected into BC cell lines and the effects of miR-10b on the migration and invasion of cells were investigated through Transwell assay. Meanwhile, protein levels of KLF4, HOXD10, E-cadherin and MMP14 were measured. Luciferase assays were also performed to validate KLF4 and HOXD10 as miR-10b targets. In vivo metastasis assay was performed to validate if miR-10b can promote BC cell line metastasis in vivo. miR-10b is significantly upregulated in BC cell lines and metastatic tissues. Increased miR-10b expression significantly enhanced BC cell migration and invasion, while decreased miR-10b expression reduced cell migration and invasion. In vivo metastasis assay demonstrated that overexpression of miR-10b markedly promoted BC metastasis. Moreover, KLF4 and HOXD10 were identified as direct targets of miR-10b in BC cells. Silencing of KLF4 or HOXD10 recapitulated the pro-metastatic function. Furthermore, we found that E-cadherin and MMP14 may be the downstream factors of KLF4 and HOXD10 in the suppression of BC metastasis by miR-10b. These data suggest that miR-10b may function as oncogenes in BC cells. Targeting these novel strategies, inhibition of miR-10b/KLF4/E-cadherin axis and miR-10b/HOXD10/MMP14 axis may be helpful as a therapeutic approach to block BC cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Xiao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Gan Yu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Translational Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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Zheng YW, Nie YZ, Taniguchi H. Cellular reprogramming and hepatocellular carcinoma development. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:8850-8860. [PMID: 24379607 PMCID: PMC3870535 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i47.8850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers, and is also the leading cause of death worldwide. Studies have shown that cellular reprogramming contributes to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy resistance and the recurrence of cancers. In this article, we summarize and discuss the latest findings in the area of cellular reprogramming in HCC. The aberrant expression of transcription factors OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, c-MYC, NANOG, and LIN28 have been also observed, and the expression of these transcription factors is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in HCC. Studies indicate that cellular reprogramming may play a critical role in the occurrence and recurrence of HCC. Recent reports have shown that DNA methylation, miRNAs, tumor microenvironment, and signaling pathways can induce the expression of stemness transcription factors, which leads to cellular reprogramming in HCC. Furthermore, studies indicate that therapies based on cellular reprogramming could revolutionize HCC treatment. Finally, a novel therapeutic concept is discussed: reprogramming control therapy. A potential reprogramming control therapy method could be developed based on the reprogramming demonstrated in HCC studies and applied at two opposing levels: differentiation and reprogramming. Our increasing understanding and control of cellular programming should facilitate the exploitation of this novel therapeutic concept and its application in clinical HCC treatment, which may represent a promising strategy in the future that is not restricted to liver cancer.
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MicroRNA-29a promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by regulating matrix metalloproteinase 2 and E-cadherin via KLF4. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:450-8. [PMID: 24281002 PMCID: PMC3899762 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Growing evidence suggests that miR-29a has an important role in regulating tumourigenesis and development of various types of cancer. However, the role and the underlying mechanism of miR-29a in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown. Methods: MiR-29a targeted gene was identified by the luciferase assay and western blot. MiR-29a function was analysed by invasion assays and the orthotopic transplantation mouse model. The miR-29a pathway was assayed by real-time PCR, western blot and chip analysis. Results: KLF4 was identified as a direct target gene of miR-29a. MiR-29a promoted CRC cell invasion, which was blocked by re-expression of KLF4. In addition, MMP2 was identified as a novel direct target of KLF4. Both miR-29a overexpression and KLF4 knockdown promoted MMP2 expression but inhibited E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, clinical data indicated that both miR-29a high expression and KLF4 mRNA low expression were associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in CRC patients, and KLF4 protein expression was inversely correlated with MMP2 but positively correlated with E-cad protein expression. Conclusion: Increased expression of miR-29a promoted CRC metastasis by regulating MMP2/E-cad through direct targeting KLF4, which highlights the potential of the miR-29a inhibitor as a novel agent against CRC metastasis.
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Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of DNA-binding transcriptional regulators with diverse and essential functions in a multitude of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, inflammation and pluripotency. In this Review, we discuss the roles and regulation of the 17 known KLFs in various cancer-relevant processes. Importantly, the functions of KLFs are context dependent, with some KLFs having different roles in normal cells and cancer, during cancer development and progression and in different cancer types. We also identify key questions for the field that are likely to lead to important new translational research and discoveries in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Tetreault
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 913 Biomedical Research Building II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia PA 19104-6144, USA
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Li H, Wang J, Xiao W, Xia D, Lang B, Wang T, Guo X, Hu Z, Ye Z, Xu H. Epigenetic inactivation of KLF4 is associated with urothelial cancer progression and early recurrence. J Urol 2013; 191:493-501. [PMID: 24018236 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE KLF4 is a transcription factor with divergent functions in different malignancies. We analyzed KLF4 expression and DNA methylation, and their clinical relevance and biological function in urothelial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry and Sequenom™ MassARRAY® were done to detect the expression and promoter methylation of KLF4 in urothelial cancer tissues. The association of the recurrence-free survival rate and decreased KLF4 or KLF4 methylation status was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, Cox regression analysis and ROC assay. Lentivirus based KLF4 over expression and dsRNA mediated knockdown were used to detect KLF4 functions in urothelial cancer in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS KLF4 was down-regulated in urothelial cancer due to promoter hypermethylation. Each correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection of bladder cancer, which potentiates them as valuable predictive biomarkers for early recurrence. Moreover, in and ex vivo experiments showed that KLF4 suppressed urothelial cancer cell growth, migration and invasion inhibited the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSIONS KLF4 may function as a tumor suppressor gene in urothelial cancer since down-regulation of KLF4 by promoter hypermethylation would promote cancer progression. In addition, decreased expression of KLF4 or its promoter hypermethylation may have predictive value for early recurrence in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Urology and Helen-Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Xia
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lang
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Guo
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Wang X, Lu H, Li T, Yu L, Liu G, Peng X, Zhao J. Krüppel-like factor 8 promotes tumorigenic mammary stem cell induction by targeting miR-146a. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:356-373. [PMID: 23977446 PMCID: PMC3744016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of stem cells can be induced during the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The responsible molecular mechanisms, however, remain largely undefined. Here we report the identification of the microRNA-146a (miR-146a) as a common target of Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) and TGF-β, both of which are known EMT-inducers. Upon KLF8 overexpression or TGF-β treatment, a significant portion of the MCF-10A cells gained stem cell traits as demonstrated by an increased expression of CD44(high)/CD24low, activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), mammosphere formation and chemoresistance. Along with this change, the expression of miR-146a was highly upregulated in the cells. Importantly, we found that miR-146a was aberrantly co-overexpressed with KLF8 in a panel of invasive human breast cancer cell lines. Ectopic expression of KLF8 failed to induce the stem cell traits in the MCF-10A cells if the cells were pre-treated with miR-146a inhibitor, whereas overexpression of miR-146a in the MCF-10A cells alone was sufficient to induce the stem cell traits. Co-staining and luciferase reporter analyses indicated that miR-146a targets the 3'-UTR of the Notch signaling inhibitor NUMB for translational inhibition. Overexpression of KLF8 dramatically potentiated the tumorigenecity of MCF-10A cells expressing the H-Ras oncogene, which was accompanied by a loss of NUMB expression in the tumors. Taken together, this study identifies a novel role and mechanism for KLF8 in inducing pro-tumorigenic mammary stem cells via miR-146a potentially by activating Notch signaling. This mechanism could be exploited as a therapeutic target against drug resistance of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Wang
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, College of MedicineOrlando, FL
| | - Heng Lu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, College of MedicineOrlando, FL
| | - Tianshu Li
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, College of MedicineOrlando, FL
| | - Lin Yu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, College of MedicineOrlando, FL
| | - Gang Liu
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical CollegeAlbany, NY
| | - Xu Peng
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science CenterTemple, TX
| | - Jihe Zhao
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, College of MedicineOrlando, FL
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Song E, Ma X, Li H, Zhang P, Ni D, Chen W, Gao Y, Fan Y, Pang H, Shi T, Ding Q, Wang B, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Attenuation of krüppel-like factor 4 facilitates carcinogenesis by inducing g1/s phase arrest in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67758. [PMID: 23861801 PMCID: PMC3702498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor with diverse functions in various cancer types; however, the function of KLF4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) carcinogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we initially examined KLF4 expression by using a cohort of surgically removed ccRCC specimens and cell lines. Results indicated that the transcription and translation of KLF4 were lower in ccRCC tissues than in patient-matched normal tissues. Furthermore, the KLF4 expression was significantly downregulated in the five ccRCC cell lines at protein and mRNA levels compared with that in normal renal proximal tubular epithelial cell lines (HKC). KLF4 downregulation was significantly correlated with tumor stage and tumor diameter. Promoter hypermethylation may contribute to its low expression. In addition, in vitro studies indicated that the KLF4 overexpression significantly inhibited proliferation in human ccRCC cell lines 786-O and ACHN. Moreover, the KLF4 overexpression arrested the cell cycle progress at the G1/S phase transition by upregulating p21WAF1/CIP1 expression and downregulating cyclin D1 expression, KLF4 knockdown in HKC cells did the opposite. In vivo studies confirmed the anti-proliferative effect of KLF4. Our results suggested that KLF4 had an important function in suppressing the growth of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlin Song
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA 211 Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Ni
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Weihao Chen
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Haigang Pang
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Taoping Shi
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Baojun Wang
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Li H, Wang J, Xiao W, Xia D, Lang B, Yu G, Guo X, Guan W, Wang Z, Hu Z, Liu J, Ye Z, Xu H. Epigenetic alterations of Krüppel-like factor 4 and its tumor suppressor function in renal cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2262-70. [PMID: 23722653 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor that can have divergent functions in different malignancies. The expression and role of KLF4 in renal cell cancer remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine epigenetic alterations and possible roles of KLF4 in renal cell carcinoma. The KLF4 expression in primary renal cell cancer tissues and case-matched normal renal tissues was determined by protein and messenger RNA analyses. The epigenetic alterations were detected by methylation-specific PCR and Sequenom MassARRAY. Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test were used for the survival analysis. The effects of KLF4 on cell growth and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were determined in renal cancer cell lines after viral-based and RNA activation-mediated overexpression of KLF4. In vivo antitumor activity of KLF4 was evaluated by using stably KLF4-transfected renal cancer cells. KLF4 expression was dramatically decreased in various pathological types of renal cancer and associated with poor survival after nephrectomy. Hypermethylation of KLF4 promoter mainly contributed to its expression suppression. In vitro assays indicated that KLF4 overexpression inhibited renal cancer cell growth and survival. KLF4 overexpression also suppressed renal cancer cell migration and invasion by altering the EMT-related factors. In vivo assay showed that ectopic expression of KLF4 also inhibited tumorigenicity and metastasis of renal cancer. Our results suggest that KLF4 is a putative tumor suppressor gene epigenetically silenced in renal cell cancers by promoter CpG methylation and that it has prognostic value for renal cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases encompass a wide spectrum of disorders with different causes, resulting in impaired bile flow and accumulation of bile acids and other potentially hepatotoxic cholephils. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms of bile formation and cholestasis has recently improved significantly through new insights into nuclear receptor (patho)biology. Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors, which act as central players in the regulation of genes responsible for elimination and detoxification of biliary constituents accumulating in cholestasis. They also control other pathophysiologic processes such as inflammation, fibrogenesis, and carcinogenesis involved in the pathogenesis and disease progression of cholestasis liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Halilbasic
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Baghdasaryan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Kennedy L, Baker K, Hodges K, Graf A, Venter J, Hargrove L, Harris R, Harnish E, Meng F, Francis H. Dysregulation of vitamin D3 synthesis leads to enhanced cholangiocarcinoma growth. Dig Liver Dis 2013; 45:316-22. [PMID: 23375797 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma is a deadly biliary tumour with limited treatment strategies. Vitamin (1,25(OH)2D) has anti-proliferative effects on several cancers. Vitamin D3 is synthesized by the enzyme, CYP27B1, and signals via the nuclear vitamin D3 receptor. The enzyme, CYP24A1, degrades vitamin D3. AIMS (i) Measure the expression of CYP27B1, CYP24A1, and vitamin D3 receptor in human nonmalignant and cholangiocarcinoma lines and biopsy control or tumour samples; and (ii) evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 on vitamin D3 synthesis and cholangiocarcinoma growth. METHODS In vitro studies were performed in malignant and nonmalignant cholangiocytes. Vitamin D3 receptor, CYP24 and CYP27 expression was measured in cell lines and biopsy samples. Cell lines were stimulated with vehicle or vitamin D3 from 30min to 48h. Cell viability was assessed by MTS assays and BrdU incorporation. Vitamin D3 receptor, CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 expression was measured in cholangiocarcinoma cells stimulated with vehicle or vitamin D3. RESULTS In cholangiocarcinoma lines and biopsy samples, vitamin D3 receptor and CYP24A1 expression increased compared to controls, whereas CYP27B1 expression was decreased or unchanged. Vitamin D3 induced nuclear translocation of vitamin D3 receptor in cholangiocarcinoma and decreased cholangiocarcinoma growth. CONCLUSION Treatment with vitamin D3 decreased CYP24A1, whereas CYP27B1 expression increased. Modulation of vitamin D3 synthesis may be important in the management of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Kennedy
- Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
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