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Escolà-Vergé L, Peghin M, Givone F, Pérez-Rodríguez MT, Suárez-Varela M, Meije Y, Abelenda G, Almirante B, Fernández-Hidalgo N. Prevalence of colorectal disease in Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis: results of an observational multicenter study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 73:711-717. [PMID: 31444092 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of colorectal disease in Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) patients. METHODS An observational, retrospective, multicenter study was performed at 4 referral centers. From the moment that a colonoscopy was systematically performed in EFIE in each participating hospital until October 2018, we included all consecutive episodes of definite EFIE in adult patients. The outcome was an endoscopic finding of colorectal disease potentially causing bacteremia. RESULTS A total of 103 patients with EFIE were included; 83 (81%) were male, the median age was 76 [interquartile range 67-82] years, and the median age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index was 5 [interquartile range 4-7]. The presumed sources of infection were unknown in 63 (61%), urinary in 20 (19%), gastrointestinal in 13 (13%), catheter-related bacteremia in 5 (5%), and others in 2 (2%). Seventy-eight patients (76%) underwent a colonoscopy, and 47 (60%) had endoscopic findings indicating a potential source of bacteremia. Thirty-nine patients (83%) had a colorectal neoplastic disease, and 8 (17%) a nonneoplastic disease. Of the 45 with an unknown portal of entry who underwent a colonoscopy, gastrointestinal origin was identified in 64%. In the subgroup of 25 patients with a known source of infection and a colonoscopy, excluding those with previously diagnosed colorectal disease, 44% had colorectal disease. CONCLUSIONS Performing a colonoscopy in all EFIE patients, irrespective of the presumed source of infection, could be helpful to diagnose colorectal disease in these patients and to avoid a new bacteremia episode (and eventually infective endocarditis) by the same or a different microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Escolà-Vergé
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maddalena Peghin
- Clinica di Malattie Infettive, Dipartimento de Medicina, Università di Udine e Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Filippo Givone
- Clinica di Malattie Infettive, Dipartimento de Medicina, Università di Udine e Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - María Teresa Pérez-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Galicia-Sur, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Milagros Suárez-Varela
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Galicia-Sur, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Yolanda Meije
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Barcelona, Societat Cooperativa d'Instal·lacions Assistencials Sanitàries (SCIAS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriela Abelenda
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Barcelona, Societat Cooperativa d'Instal·lacions Assistencials Sanitàries (SCIAS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benito Almirante
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Colon Cancer with Streptococcus gallolyticus Aortic Valve Endocarditis: A Missing Link? Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2019; 2019:4205603. [PMID: 31355018 PMCID: PMC6636574 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4205603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endocarditis is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Many bacterial species have been implicated; however, Streptococcus gallolyticus species (formerly “bovis”) has driven attention given a historical association with colon cancer. Colonoscopy is recommended in an individual with S. gallolyticus endocarditis or bacteremia to evaluate the possibility of high-grade adenoma or colon cancer. There has been no firm recommendation for prophylactic antibiotics to prevent bacterial endocarditis for patients undergoing endoscopic procedures and postcolonoscopy bacteremia in an individual with an endoscopic procedure indicated for S. gallolyticus bacteremia has not been reported. Studies have been aimed at understanding the association between colon cancer and this bacterial pathogen. There are suggestions that the systemic manifestation of S. gallolyticus, a commensal in the colon premalignant cells, may be further predisposed by patient's immunocompromised status. We present a case of the 72-year-old man with the newly diagnosed multiple myeloma presented with aortic valve endocarditis and S. gallolyticus bacteremia. Colonoscopy revealed colon cancer and high-grade adenoma; few hours after procedure, he presented with Streptococcus mitis bacteremia. In conclusion, our case realigns association of S. gallolyticus to colon cancer, especially in an individual with altered immunity, and is novel to demonstrate the rare association of two distinct bacteria of Streptococcus species associated with cancer. Preendoscopic antibiotics use, though not standard of care, can be considered in the high-risk individual. Altered immunity can be considered the “missing link” inciting bacteremia in individuals with S. gallolyticus-associated colon cancer.
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Piva S, Pietra M, Serraino A, Merialdi G, Magarotto J, Giacometti F. First description of Streptococcus lutetiensis from a diseased cat. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:96-99. [PMID: 31063246 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes for the first time the isolation of Streptococcus lutetiensis in a cat with intestinal lymphoma. The Streptococcus bovis group has undergone significant taxonomic changes over the past two decades and, in 2002, Poyart et al. described two distinct novel species within the genus Streptococcus: Streptococcus lutetiensis and Streptococcus pasteurianus. The bovis group streptococci include commensal species and subspecies or opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. The cat was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Bologna for chronic diarrhoea associated with fresh blood. A diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma was advanced. S. lutetiensis was accidentally isolated from the faeces of the cat and identified through MALDI-TOF and 16s rRNA sequencing. The Kirby-Bauer test revealed that the isolate was resistant to enrofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, marbofloxacin and tetracycline. The detection of S. lutetiensis in cat faeces might suggest that it could be a normal inhabitant of cat intestinal tract or that it could be involved in the manifestation of intestinal diseases. Since bacteria belonging to the S. bovis group are considered emerging pathogens, additional research is required to evaluate the role of S. lutetiensis in cats and its role in the transmission of antimicrobial resistance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In this study the isolation of Streptococcus lutetiensis from a cat with intestinal lymphoma was described for the first time. An antimicrobial susceptibility test performed by means of the disc diffusion method revealed that the isolate was resistant to enrofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, marbofloxacin and tetracycline. Nowadays the ecological or pathogenetic role of S. lutetiensis in the gut of animals remains unclear but, even if its role as commensal bacterium was confirmed, the presence of multi-resistant S. lutetiensis in cat gut could favour the transmission of antimicrobial resistance to other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Piva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Merialdi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini', Brescia, Italy
| | | | - F Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Guven DC, Dizdar O, Alp A, Akdoğan Kittana FN, Karakoc D, Hamaloglu E, Lacin S, Karakas Y, Kilickap S, Hayran M, Yalcin S. Analysis of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus gallolyticus in saliva of colorectal cancer patients. Biomark Med 2019; 13:725-735. [PMID: 31157977 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence and amount of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Streptococcus gallolyticus (Sg) in the saliva of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and controls. Methods: PCR analyses performed in 71 CRC patients and 77 controls. Results: Saliva samples of patients had higher amounts of Fn (p = 0.001) and Sg (p < 0.001) compared with controls. Amount of Fn and Sg were lower in the microsatellite instability (+) group. Evaluation of salivary Sg amount by receiver operating characteristics analysis found to have diagnostic value for CRC (AUC: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72-0.96). Conclusion: We found higher amounts of Fn and Sg in the saliva of CRC patients. Salivary Sg could helpful in distinction of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Can Guven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Omer Dizdar
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Alp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | | | - Derya Karakoc
- Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Erhan Hamaloglu
- Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Sahin Lacin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Karakas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Saadettin Kilickap
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Hayran
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Suayib Yalcin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
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Saus E, Iraola-Guzmán S, Willis JR, Brunet-Vega A, Gabaldón T. Microbiome and colorectal cancer: Roles in carcinogenesis and clinical potential. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 69:93-106. [PMID: 31082399 PMCID: PMC6856719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbors most of the microbiota associated with humans. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in assessing the relationships between the gut microbiota and several gut alterations, including colorectal cancer. Changes in the gut microbiota in patients suffering colorectal cancer suggest a possible role of host-microbe interactions in the origin and development of this malignancy and, at the same time, open the door for novel ways of preventing, diagnosing, or treating this disease. In this review we survey current knowledge on the healthy microbiome of the gut and how it is altered in colorectal cancer and other related disease conditions. In describing past studies we will critically assess technical limitations of different approaches and point to existing challenges in microbiome research. We will have a special focus on host-microbiome interaction mechanisms that may be important to explain how dysbiosis can lead to chronic inflammation and drive processes that influence carcinogenesis and tumor progression in colon cancer. Finally, we will discuss the potential of recent developments of novel microbiota-based therapeutics and diagnostic tools for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Saus
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Iraola-Guzmán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jesse R Willis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Brunet-Vega
- Oncology Service, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon, life-threatening systemic disorder with significant morbidity and persistently high mortality. The age of the peak incidence of IE has shifted from 45 years in the 1950s to 70 years at the present time, and elderly people have a five-fold higher risk of IE than the general adult population. Elderly IE patients demonstrate a higher prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci, enterococci and Streptococcus bovis, and lower rates of infection by viridans group streptococci. Methicillin resistance is more prevalent in elderly patients as a consequence of increased nosocomial acquisition. The elderly are a vulnerable group in whom diagnosis is often difficult on account of non-specific presenting features and where higher prevalence of comorbidities contributes to adverse outcomes. Treatment of older patients with IE presents specific challenges associated with prolonged antibiotic therapy, and access to surgery may be denied on account of advanced age and attendant comorbidities. This practical review covers all aspects of elderly IE, including clinical and microbiological diagnosis and appropriate diagnostic procedures, initial antibiotic selection, antibiotic prophylaxis, considerations about antibiotic therapy and surgery.
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Increased Intracellular Cyclic di-AMP Levels Sensitize Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus to Osmotic Stress and Reduce Biofilm Formation and Adherence on Intestinal Cells. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00597-18. [PMID: 30617242 PMCID: PMC6398277 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00597-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for septicemia and endocarditis in the elderly and is also strongly associated with colorectal cancer. S. gallolyticus can form biofilms, express specific pili to colonize the host tissues, and produce a specific bacteriocin allowing killing of commensal bacteria in the murine colon. Nevertheless, how the expression of these colonization factors is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, we show that c-di-AMP plays pleiotropic roles in S. gallolyticus, controlling the tolerance to osmotic stress, cell size, biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces, adherence and cell aggregation on human intestinal cells, expression of Pil3 pilus, and production of bacteriocin. This study indicates that c-di-AMP may constitute a key regulatory molecule for S. gallolyticus host colonization and pathogenesis. Cyclic di-AMP is a recently identified second messenger exploited by a number of Gram-positive bacteria to regulate important biological processes. Here, we studied the phenotypic alterations induced by the increased intracellular c-di-AMP levels in Streptococcus gallolyticus, an opportunistic pathogen responsible for septicemia and endocarditis in the elderly. We report that an S. gallolyticus c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase gdpP knockout mutant, which displays a 1.5-fold higher intracellular c-di-AMP levels than the parental strain UCN34, is more sensitive to osmotic stress and is morphologically smaller than the parental strain. Unexpectedly, we found that a higher level of c-di-AMP reduced biofilm formation of S. gallolyticus on abiotic surfaces and reduced adherence and cell aggregation on human intestinal cells. A genome-wide transcriptomic analysis indicated that c-di-AMP regulates many biological processes in S. gallolyticus, including the expression of various ABC transporters and disease-associated genes encoding bacteriocin and Pil3 pilus. Complementation of the gdpP in-frame deletion mutant with a plasmid carrying gdpP in trans from its native promoter restored bacterial morphology, tolerance to osmotic stress, biofilm formation, adherence to intestinal cells, bacteriocin production, and Pil3 pilus expression. Our results indicate that c-di-AMP is a pleiotropic signaling molecule in S. gallolyticus that may be important for S. gallolyticus pathogenesis. IMPORTANCEStreptococcus gallolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for septicemia and endocarditis in the elderly and is also strongly associated with colorectal cancer. S. gallolyticus can form biofilms, express specific pili to colonize the host tissues, and produce a specific bacteriocin allowing killing of commensal bacteria in the murine colon. Nevertheless, how the expression of these colonization factors is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, we show that c-di-AMP plays pleiotropic roles in S. gallolyticus, controlling the tolerance to osmotic stress, cell size, biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces, adherence and cell aggregation on human intestinal cells, expression of Pil3 pilus, and production of bacteriocin. This study indicates that c-di-AMP may constitute a key regulatory molecule for S. gallolyticus host colonization and pathogenesis.
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Megat Mohd Azlan PIH, Chin SF, Low TY, Neoh HM, Jamal R. Analyzing the Secretome of Gut Microbiota as the Next Strategy For Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800176. [PMID: 30557447 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of gut microbiome can contribute to inflammation, and subsequently initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Throughout these stages, various proteins and metabolites are secreted to the external environment by microorganisms or the hosts themselves. Studying these proteins may help enhance our understanding of the host-microorganism relationship or they may even serve as useful biomarkers for CRC. However, secretomic studies of gut microbiome of CRC patients, until now, are scarcely performed. In this review article, the focus is on the roles of gut microbiome in CRC, the current findings on CRC secretome are highlighted, and the emerging challenges and strategies to drive forward this area of research are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siok-Fong Chin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Min Neoh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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The Interplay between Immunity and Microbiota at Intestinal Immunological Niche: The Case of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030501. [PMID: 30682772 PMCID: PMC6387318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is central to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While multiple mechanisms are involved, the immune system clearly plays a special role. Indeed, the breakdown of the physiological balance in gut microbial composition leads to dysbiosis, which is then able to enhance inflammation and to influence gene expression. At the same time, there is an intense cross-talk between the microbiota and the immunological niche in the intestinal mucosa. These interactions may pave the way to the development, growth and spreading of cancer, especially in the gastro-intestinal system. Here, we review the changes in microbiota composition, how they relate to the immunological imbalance, influencing the onset of different types of cancer and the impact of these mechanisms on the efficacy of traditional and upcoming cancer treatments.
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An Overview on Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex Isolates: Identification to the Species/Subspecies Level and Antibiotic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030480. [PMID: 30678042 PMCID: PMC6386949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC), a non-enterococcal group D Streptococcus spp. complex, has been described as commensal bacteria in humans and animals, with a fecal carriage rate in humans varying from 5% to over 60%. Among streptococci, SBSEC isolates represent the most antibiotic-resistant species—with variable resistance rates reported for clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and levofloxacin—and might act as a reservoir of multiple acquired genes. Moreover, reduced susceptibility to penicillin and vancomycin associated with mobile genetic elements have also been detected, although rarely. Since the association of SBSEC bacteremia and colon lesions, infective endocarditis and hepatobiliary diseases has been established, particularly in elderly individuals, an accurate identification of SBSEC isolates to the species and subspecies level, as well as the evaluation of antibiotic resistance, are needed. In this paper, we reviewed the major methods used to identify SBSEC isolates and the antimicrobial resistance rates reported in the scientific literature among SBSEC species.
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Berevoescu N, Bordea A, Scăunașu R, Berevoescu M, Cristian D. A case of silent colonic lesions associated with streptococcus gallolyticus, bacteremia and endocarditis. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND INVESTIGATIVE SURGERY 2018. [DOI: 10.25083/2559.5555/3.2/105.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a clinical case of synchronous colonic lesions, histologically different, associated with streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Sgg)/ Streptococcus bovis biotype I, bacteremia and infective endocarditis. A 53-year-old female, without history of CRC in her family, known with total hysterectomy for uterine fibromatosis, presents to Emergency Department for marked asthenia, nausea, weight loss (10 kgs in the last month), febrile episode associated with severe anemia, symptomatology that has increased in the last two weeks. The patient was admitted in the Internal Medicine Department for further investigations, under the suspicion of sepsis of unknown cause. On blood cultures grew Sgg bacteria. Both transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography were performed and diagnosed infective endocarditis with vegetations of the mitral and aortic valves. Antibiotics treatment was initiated, with ceftriaxone and gentamycin, according to antibiogram results. Severe hypochromic, microcytic anemia, and lack of an infective origin site required digestive endoscopic evaluation, and showed gastritis, ulcerovegetative tumor of the ascending colon and polyp in the rectosigmoid. Resection of rectosigmoid polyp was performed through colonoscopy, and, also, right hemicolectomy with ileo-transverse anastomosis for the ascending colon cancer. Post-operative evolution was favorable. Histological result showed mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon and tubulovillous adenoma, with moderate dysplasia, in the rectosigmoid. At 6-month, endoscopic evaluation showed normal aspect of anastomosis without presence of other colonic lesions.
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Butt J, Blot WJ, Teras LR, Visvanathan K, Le Marchand L, Haiman CA, Chen Y, Bao Y, Sesso HD, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Ho GY, Tinker LF, Peek RM, Potter JD, Cover TL, Hendrix LH, Huang LC, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Epplein M. Antibody Responses to Streptococcus Gallolyticus Subspecies Gallolyticus Proteins in a Large Prospective Colorectal Cancer Cohort Consortium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:1186-1194. [PMID: 30038049 PMCID: PMC6170691 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibody responses to Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (SGG) proteins, especially pilus protein Gallo2178, have been consistently associated with colorectal cancer risk. Previous case-control studies and prospective studies with up to 8 years of follow-up, however, were unable to decipher the temporality of antibody responses to SGG in the context of the long-term multistep development of colorectal cancer. In this study, we analyzed a large U.S. colorectal cancer cohort consortium with follow-up beyond 10 years for antibody responses to SGG.Methods: We applied multiplex serology to measure antibody responses to 9 SGG proteins in participants of 10 prospective U.S. cohorts (CLUE, CPSII, HPFS, MEC, NHS, NYUWHS, PHS, PLCO, SCCS, and WHI) including 4,063 incident colorectal cancer cases and 4,063 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess whether antibody responses to SGG were associated with colorectal cancer risk, overall and by time between blood draw and diagnosis.Results: Colorectal cancer risk was increased among those with antibody responses to Gallo2178, albeit not statistically significant [OR, 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-1.52]. This association was stronger for cases diagnosed <10 years after blood draw (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09-1.79), but was not found among cases diagnosed ≥10 years after blood draw (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.50-1.24).Conclusions: In a large cohort consortium, we reproduced the association of antibody responses to SGG Gallo2178 with colorectal cancer risk for individuals diagnosed within 10 years after blood draw.Impact: This timing-specific finding suggests that antibody responses to SGG are associated with increased colorectal cancer risk only after tumorigenesis has begun. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(10); 1186-94. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Butt
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Duke Cancer Institute, and Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- University of Southern California and USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ying Bao
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Gloria Y Ho
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- WHI Clinical Coordinating Center at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John D Potter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Timothy L Cover
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Laura H Hendrix
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Li-Ching Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meira Epplein
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Duke Cancer Institute, and Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Saunders RN, Hayakawa E, Gibson CJ, Chapman AJ. Clostridium septicum Myonecrosis Secondary to an Occult Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2018; 50:1001-1004. [PMID: 30198050 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-0168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Saunders
- Spectrum Health/Michigan State University General Surgery Residency, 221 Michigan NE, Suite 402, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| | - Emiko Hayakawa
- Spectrum Health/Michigan State University General Surgery Residency, 221 Michigan NE, Suite 402, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Charles J Gibson
- Spectrum Health Hospital, Acute Care Surgery, 221 Michigan NE, Suite 402, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Alistair J Chapman
- Spectrum Health Hospital, Acute Care Surgery, 221 Michigan NE, Suite 402, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
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Butt J, Jenab M, Willhauck-Fleckenstein M, Michel A, Pawlita M, Kyrø C, Tjønneland A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Carbonnel F, Severi G, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, la Vecchia C, Karakatsani A, Panico S, Tumino R, Agnoli C, Palli D, Sacerdote C, Bueno-de-Mesquita HBA, Weiderpass E, Sánchez MJ, Bonet Bonet C, Huerta JM, Ardanaz E, Bradbury K, Gunter M, Murphy N, Freisling H, Riboli E, Tsilidis K, Aune D, Waterboer T, Hughes DJ. Prospective evaluation of antibody response to Streptococcus gallolyticus and risk of colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:245-252. [PMID: 29377173 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is increasingly implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. A subgroup of patients diagnosed with CRC show high antibody responses to Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (SGG). However, it is unclear whether the association is also present pre-diagnostically. We assessed the association of antibody responses to SGG proteins in pre-diagnostic serum samples with CRC risk in a case-control study nested within a prospective cohort. Pre-diagnostic serum samples from 485 first incident CRC cases (mean time between blood draw and diagnosis 3.4 years) and 485 matched controls in the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer (EPIC) study were analyzed for antibody responses to 11 SGG proteins using multiplex serology. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable conditional logistic regression models. Antibody positivity for any of the 11 SGG proteins was significantly associated with CRC risk with 56% positive controls compared to 63% positive cases (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04-1.77). Positivity for two or more proteins of a previously identified SGG 6-marker panel with greater CRC-specificity was also observed among 9% of controls compared to 17% of CRC cases, corresponding to a significantly increased CRC risk (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.44-3.27). In this prospective nested case-control study, we observed a positive association between antibody responses to SGG and CRC development in serum samples taken before evident disease onset. Further work is required to establish the possibly etiological significance of these observations and whether SGG serology may be applicable for CRC risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Butt
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Angelika Michel
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Diet, Genes and Environment Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, Cedex, France
- INSERM UMR 2018 - Health across Generations Team, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Franck Carbonnel
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, Cedex, France
- INSERM UMR 2018 - Health across Generations Team, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud and Gastroenterology Unit, Hopitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, CHU de Bicetre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, Cedex, France
- INSERM UMR 2018 - Health across Generations Team, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Carlo la Vecchia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universita degli Studi dei Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartamento di Medicina Clinica e Chirugia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, 'Civic-M.P. Arezzo' Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - H B As Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institut, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria-José Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Bonet Bonet
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Llobregat, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kathryn Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina school of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Identification of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Biotype I) Competence-Stimulating Peptide Pheromone. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00709-17. [PMID: 29440256 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00709-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, a member of the group D streptococci, is normally found in the bovine rumen and human gut. It is an opportunistic pathogen that was recently determined to be a bacterial driver of colorectal cancer, in addition to causing other diseases, such as infective endocarditis, bacteremia, neonatal meningitis, and septicemia. As an emerging pathogen, not much is known about this bacterium, its virulence mechanisms, or its virulence regulatory pathways. Previous studies suggest that S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus uses a ComRS pathway, one of many Streptococcus quorum-sensing circuitries, for competence. However, thus far, the ubiquitous ComABCDE pathway has not been studied, nor has its regulatory role in S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus We therefore sought to study the S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus ComABCDE quorum-sensing pathway and have identified its peptide pheromone, which is termed the competence-stimulating peptide (CSP). We further determined that this peptide regulates the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLISs), a phenotype that has been linked with the ComABCDE pathway in both Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mutans Our data show that S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus TX20005 produces a 21-mer CSP signal, which differs from CSP signals of other Streptococcus species in that its active form begins three residues after the double-glycine leader signal of the ComC precursor peptide. Additionally, our data suggest that this peptide might not be related to competence induction, as opposed to CSP signaling peptides in other Streptococcus species. This study provides the first evidence that S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus utilizes quorum sensing to eliminate competitors, presenting a potential pathway to target this emerging human pathogen.IMPORTANCEStreptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus is an emerging human pathogen known as a causative agent of infective endocarditis, and recently, of colorectal cancer. In this work, we revealed a functional quorum-sensing circuitry in S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, including the identification of the central signaling peptide pheromone, competence-stimulating peptide (CSP), and the regulatory role of this circuitry in the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLISs). This work uncovered a mechanism by which this bacterium outcompetes other bacterial species and thus provides a potential tool to study this opportunistic pathogen.
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66
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Khan Z, Siddiqui N, Saif MW. Enterococcus Faecalis Infective Endocarditis and Colorectal Carcinoma: Case of New Association Gaining Ground. Gastroenterology Res 2018; 11:238-240. [PMID: 29915636 PMCID: PMC5997476 DOI: 10.14740/gr996w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mostly Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) bacteremia and endocarditis (60%) has been found to be associated with underlying colorectal cancer (CRC). Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) bacteremia and endocarditis has no identifiable source in most of the cases. E. faecalis is part of normal gut flora that can translocate through the intestine and cause the systemic infection. With any intestinal lesion or tumor, the barrier is breached and the gut flora like E. faecalis can translocate and cause infection. A 55-years-old male known to have non-ischemic cardiomyopathy with implantation of automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) and atrial fibrillation presented with weight loss, fever and back pain. He was diagnosed to have E. faecalis bacteremia and subsequent endocarditis and osteomyelitis of T7 - T8 and L4 - L5 vertebrae. He underwent colonoscopy for screening of malignancy because of his age and presenting symptoms suggestive of one. The colonoscopy found pedunculated polyp in sigmoid colon, and after biopsy the histology revealed an invasive well differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma, with focal squamous differentiation. He underwent removal of AICD and antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis and osteomyelitis. He underwent sigmoid colectomy with pathology of removed specimen showing adenocarcinoma with negative margins and lymph nodes. In many of the patients with E. faecalis endocarditis, if identifiable the source is genitourinary tract. But in most of the cases the source of E. faecalis bacteremia is unidentified. There is some evidence to suggest that in patients with unidentified source, colonoscopy may reveal a hidden early stage CRC or adenoma. We conclude that in cases of E. faecalis bacteremia and endocarditis with unidentified source, colonoscopy should be considered if feasible to rule out the diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Nauman Siddiqui
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muhammad Wasif Saif
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Jans C, Boleij A. The Road to Infection: Host-Microbe Interactions Defining the Pathogenicity of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex Members. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:603. [PMID: 29692760 PMCID: PMC5902542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) comprises several species inhabiting the animal and human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They match the pathobiont description, are potential zoonotic agents and technological organisms in fermented foods. SBSEC members are associated with multiple diseases in humans and animals including ruminal acidosis, infective endocarditis (IE) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, this review aims to re-evaluate adhesion and colonization abilities of SBSEC members of animal, human and food origin paired with genomic and functional host-microbe interaction data on their road from colonization to infection. SBSEC seem to be a marginal population during GIT symbiosis that can proliferate as opportunistic pathogens. Risk factors for human colonization are considered living in rural areas and animal-feces contact. Niche adaptation plays a pivotal role where Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG) retained the ability to proliferate in various environments. Other SBSEC members have undergone genome reduction and niche-specific gene gain to yield important commensal, pathobiont and technological species. Selective colonization of CRC tissue is suggested for SGG, possibly related to increased adhesion to cancerous cell types featuring enhanced collagen IV accessibility. SGG can colonize, proliferate and may shape the tumor microenvironment to their benefit by tumor promotion upon initial neoplasia development. Bacteria cell surface structures including lipotheichoic acids, capsular polysaccharides and pilus loci (pil1, pil2, and pil3) govern adhesion. Only human blood-derived SGG contain complete pilus loci and other disease-associated surface proteins. Rumen or feces-derived SGG and other SBSEC members lack or harbor mutated pili. Pili also contribute to binding to fibrinogen upon invasion and translocation of cells from the GIT into the blood system, subsequent immune evasion, human contact system activation and collagen-I-binding on damaged heart valves. Only SGG carrying complete pilus loci seem to have highest IE potential in humans with significant links between SGG bacteremia/IE and underlying diseases including CRC. Other SBSEC host-microbe combinations might rely on currently unknown mechanisms. Comparative genome data of blood, commensal and food isolates are limited but required to elucidate the role of pili and other virulence factors, understand pathogenicity mechanisms, host specificity and estimate health risks for animals, humans and food alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jans
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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68
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Mak CY, Sin HPY, Chan VCK, Young A. Klebsiella endophthalmitis as the herald of occult colorectal cancer. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-223400. [PMID: 29622706 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 67-year-old Chinese man presented with acute loss of vision and pain in the left eye with hypopyon in the anterior chamber. The patient was afebrile with no systemic symptoms at presentation. Diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis was made with vitreous tap yielding Klebsiella pneumoniae Pars plana vitrectomy was performed twice to clear the infection. Thorough investigations showed no septic foci. Whole body positron emission tomography CT revealed a rectal tumour and biopsy showed adenocarcinoma. He was treated with neoadjuvant chemoirradiation followed by surgery to resect the tumour. Vision in the left eye was hand movement at 12 months postoperatively. This case illustrates Klebsiella endogenous endophthalmitis might be a herald of occult colorectal cancer. Bacteria might gain access into bloodstream via mucosal defect in the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yue Mak
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Helena Pui-Yee Sin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vesta Cheuk-Ki Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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69
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Pasquereau-Kotula E, Martins M, Aymeric L, Dramsi S. Significance of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Association With Colorectal Cancer. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:614. [PMID: 29666615 PMCID: PMC5891635 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Sgg (formerly known as S. bovis type I) is the main causative agent of septicemia and infective endocarditis (IE) in elderly and immunocompromised persons. It belongs to the few opportunistic bacteria, which have been strongly associated to colorectal cancer (CRC). A literature survey covering a period of 40 years (1970–2010) revealed that 65% of patients diagnosed with an invasive Sgg infection had a concomitant colorectal neoplasia. Sgg is associated mainly with early adenomas and may thus constitute an early marker for CRC screening. Sgg has been described as a normal inhabitant of the rumen of herbivores and in the digestive tract of birds. It is more rarely detected in human intestinal tract (2.5–15%). Recent molecular analyses indicate possible zoonotic transmission of Sgg. Thanks to the development of a genetic toolbox and to comparative genomics, a number of factors that are important for Sgg pathogenicity have been identified. This review will highlight the role of Sgg pili in host colonization and how their phase-variable expression contributes to mitigate the host immune responses and finally their use as serological diagnostic tool. We will then present experimental data addressing the core question whether Sgg is a cause or consequence of CRC. We will discuss a few recent studies examining the etiological versus non-etiological participation of Sgg in colorectal cancer with the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pasquereau-Kotula
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Martins
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Aymeric
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Sollini M, Berchiolli R, Delgado Bolton RC, Rossi A, Kirienko M, Boni R, Lazzeri E, Slart R, Erba PA. The "3M" Approach to Cardiovascular Infections: Multimodality, Multitracers, and Multidisciplinary. Semin Nucl Med 2018; 48:199-224. [PMID: 29626939 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis is crucial for adequate patient management, as early treatment improves the prognosis. The diagnosis cannot be made on the basis of a single symptom, sign, or diagnostic test. Rather, the diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary discussion in addition to the integration of clinical signs, microbiology data, and imaging data. The application of multimodality imaging, including molecular imaging techniques, has improved the sensitivity to detect infections involving heart valves and vessels and implanted cardiovascular devices while also allowing for early detection of septic emboli and metastatic infections before these become clinically apparent. In this review, we describe data supporting the use of a Multimodality, Multitracer, and Multidisciplinary approach (the 3M approach) to cardiovascular infections. In particular, the role of white blood cell SPECT/CT and [18F]FDG PET/CT in most prevalent and clinically relevant cardiovascular infections will be discussed. In addition, the needs of advanced hybrid equipment, dedicated imaging acquisition protocols, specific expertise for image reading, and interpretation in this field are discussed, emphasizing the need for a specific reference framework within a Cardiovascular Multidisciplinary Team Approach to select the best test or combination of tests for each specific clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sollini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (Milan), Italy
| | - Raffaella Berchiolli
- Vascular Surgery Unit Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto C Delgado Bolton
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital San Pedro and Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logronño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Alexia Rossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (Milan), Italy
| | - Margarita Kirienko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (Milan), Italy
| | - Roberto Boni
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Elena Lazzeri
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riemer Slart
- University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Science and Technology, Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Anna Erba
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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71
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Kaindi DWM, Kogi-Makau W, Lule GN, Kreikemeyer B, Renault P, Bonfoh B, Schelling E, Zinsstag J, Lacroix C, Meile L, Jans C, Hattendorf J. Investigating the association between African spontaneously fermented dairy products, faecal carriage of Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius and colorectal adenocarcinoma in Kenya. Acta Trop 2018; 178:10-18. [PMID: 29079186 PMCID: PMC5766739 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of traditional fermented dairy products (tFDP) in Africa leads to the ingestion of up to 108Streptococcus infantarius subspecies infantarius (Sii) per millilitre of spontaneously fermented milk. Sii is a member of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) for which some members are associated particularly with colorectal cancer or endocarditis. The extent of health risks to tFDP consumers is largely unknown. A hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (Kenya) on 80 cases and 193 controls that were selected exhaustively from patients attending colonoscopy at the hospital. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex and residency were used in the statistical analysis. Consumption of tFDP was not associated with CRC (odds ratio (OR) 1.4; 95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.7-2.7; p=0.34). Risk factors associated with CRC included age above 40 years, and consumption of processed meat and alcohol. Faecal carriage of Sii was significantly higher in persons with colon tumours and polyps compared to controls (8.4% vs 21.6%: OR: 4.6; CI 1.3-15.9). Patients with haemorrhoids represented an unexpected carrier group with significantly higher Sii faecal carriage (30.4%, CI: 17.7-45.8). Consumption of tFDP does not represent risk factors for CRC whereas Sii seems to be associated with CRC. However, there is urgent need to assess this finding also in the general population, investigate the causality of SBSEC, Sii and CRC as well as compare the phylogenetic, functional and genomic relationship between human and dairy Sii with regards to the ongoing application of Sii in FDP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasel W M Kaindi
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 29053 - 00625, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Wambui Kogi-Makau
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 29053 - 00625, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Godfrey N Lule
- School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 19676, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, Hygiene and Bacteriology, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Pierre Renault
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire (CSRS), Km 17, Adiopodoumé, Rte Dabou, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Cote d'Ivoire; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Esther Schelling
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, LFV C22, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Leo Meile
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, LFV C22, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Jans
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, LFV C22, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.
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72
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Kumar R, Herold JL, Taylor J, Xu J, Xu Y. Variations among Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus strains in connection with colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1514. [PMID: 29367658 PMCID: PMC5784120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Sg) has long been reported to display a strong association with colorectal cancer (CRC). It was recently demonstrated to actively promote the development of CRC, underscoring the importance of Sg in both clinical correlation and functional relevance in CRC. Here we investigated several clinical isolates of Sg in their interactions with human colon cancer cells and in mouse models. Some Sg strains were able to stimulate host cell proliferation (proliferation-promoting Sg, PP-Sg) whereas others were not (non-proliferation-promoting Sg, NP-Sg). PP-Sg strains adhered to colon cancer cells much better than NP-Sg strains, suggesting that close contact between Sg and host cells is important. In mice, PP-Sg is significantly better at colonizing the colon tissues of A/J mice compared to NP-Sg, however this difference was not observed in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting that Sg colonization of mouse colon tissues involves specific interactions between bacterial and host factors on the colonic epithelium. Finally, in an azoxymethane-induced mouse model of CRC, PP-Sg promoted tumor development whereas NP-Sg did not. These findings provide clues to the mechanism underlying the Sg-CRC association and have important implications to clinical studies that aim to correlate Sg with clinical and pathological features of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer L Herold
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Taylor
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan Xu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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73
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Bruneau A, Baylatry MT, Joly AC, Sokol H. [Gut microbiota: What impact on colorectal carcinogenesis and treatment?]. Bull Cancer 2017; 105:70-80. [PMID: 29217301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, composed of 1014 microorganisms, is now considered as a "hidden organ", regarding to its digestive, metabolic and immune functions, which are helpful to its host. For the last 15 years, advances in molecular biology have highlighted the association of gut microbiota dysbiosis with several diseases, including colorectal cancer. An increased abundance of some bacteria (including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli) is associated with cancer, whereas others seem to be protective (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii). Several mechanisms, which are species-specific, are involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. Most of the time, bacterial toxins are involved in pro-inflammatory processes and in activation of angiogenesis and cellular proliferation pathways. The identification of these bacteria leads to envisage the gut microbiota as potential screening tool for colorectal cancer. Recent studies showed a relation between the gut microbiota and the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapies (oxaliplatin, irinotecan) and immunotherapies (including ipilimumab). Therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota are now available (probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation…). New therapeutic strategy combining both chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy with an adjuvant treatment targeting the gut microbiota can now be developed in order to improve treatment response and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bruneau
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, pharmacie hospitaliere, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Minh-Tam Baylatry
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, pharmacie hospitaliere, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Anne Christine Joly
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, pharmacie hospitaliere, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, service de gastro-entérologie et nutrition, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris, France.
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74
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Chandra P, Nath S, Kumar S. Clinically Occult Rectal Carcinoma Identified in a Case of Streptococcus bovis Endocarditis on Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Indian J Nucl Med 2017; 32:345-347. [PMID: 29142356 PMCID: PMC5672760 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_71_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies over past four decades have implicated a strong association of Streptoccus bovis infection with colorectal carcinomas. Strong is this association that a screening colonoscopy for identifying malignancy is considered mandatory in patients whose blood/fecal cultures show growth of this particular pathogen. Here, we report an interesting case of a 61-year-old female patient who presented with pyrexia of unknown origin for 3 weeks. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography, in addition to helping diagnose mitral valve endocarditis, also identified a clinically occult T2N0 rectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Chandra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, MIOT International, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Nath
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, MIOT International, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MIOT International, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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75
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Jala VR, Maturu P, Bodduluri SR, Krishnan E, Mathis S, Subbarao K, Wang M, Jenson AB, Proctor ML, Rouchka EC, Knight R, Haribabu B. Leukotriene B 4-receptor-1 mediated host response shapes gut microbiota and controls colon tumor progression. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1361593. [PMID: 29209564 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1361593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and infection are key promoters of colon cancer but the molecular interplay between these events is largely unknown. Mice deficient in leukotriene B4 receptor1 (BLT1) are protected in inflammatory disease models of arthritis, asthma and atherosclerosis. In this study, we show that BLT1-/- mice when bred onto a spontaneous tumor (ApcMin/+) model displayed an increase in the rate of intestinal tumor development and mortality. A paradoxical increase in inflammation in the tumors from the BLT1-/-ApcMin/+ mice is coincidental with defective host response to infection. Germ-free BLT1-/-ApcMin/+ mice are free from colon tumors that reappeared upon fecal transplantation. Analysis of microbiota showed defective host response in BLT1-/- ApcMin/+ mice reshapes the gut microbiota to promote colon tumor development. The BLT1-/-MyD88-/- double deficient mice are susceptible to lethal neonatal infections. Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment eliminated neonatal lethality in BLT1-/-MyD88-/- mice and the BLT1-/-MyD88-/-ApcMin+ mice are protected from colon tumor development. These results identify a novel interplay between the Toll-like receptor mediated microbial sensing mechanisms and BLT1-mediated host response in the control of colon tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatakrishna R Jala
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Paramahamsa Maturu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sobha R Bodduluri
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Elangovan Krishnan
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven Mathis
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Krishnaprasad Subbarao
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Min Wang
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Alfred B Jenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mary L Proctor
- Research Resources Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Department of Computer Engineering & Computer Science, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
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76
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Srivastava I, Aldape MJ, Bryant AE, Stevens DL. Spontaneous C. septicum gas gangrene: A literature review. Anaerobe 2017; 48:165-171. [PMID: 28780428 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As the infectious disease paradigm undergoes a subtle shift, unusual infections associated with malignancy and immunosuppression are being increasingly reported. Spontaneous or non-traumatic Clostridium septicum infection is one such unusual infection which has gained prominence. This article aims to understand the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and current trends in diagnosing and treating this rare but deadly infection. To understand the multifactorial causation of this infection a review of published cases of spontaneous C. septicum gas gangrene was performed and a total of 94 such cases were identified. Several factors were analyzed for each case: age, infection location and underlying illness, presenting signs and symptoms, neutropenia, gross pathology of the colon, antibiotic use, surgical intervention, and survival. A known or occult malignancy was present in 71% patients and an overall mortality of 67% was observed.
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77
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Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus promotes colorectal tumor development. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006440. [PMID: 28704539 PMCID: PMC5509344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Sg) has long been known to have a strong association with colorectal cancer (CRC). This knowledge has important clinical implications, and yet little is known about the role of Sg in the development of CRC. Here we demonstrate that Sg promotes human colon cancer cell proliferation in a manner that depends on cell context, bacterial growth phase and direct contact between bacteria and colon cancer cells. In addition, we observed increased level of β-catenin, c-Myc and PCNA in colon cancer cells following incubation with Sg. Knockdown or inhibition of β-catenin abolished the effect of Sg. Furthermore, mice administered with Sg had significantly more tumors, higher tumor burden and dysplasia grade, and increased cell proliferation and β-catenin staining in colonic crypts compared to mice receiving control bacteria. Finally, we showed that Sg is present in the majority of CRC patients and is preferentially associated with tumor compared to normal tissues obtained from CRC patients. These results taken together establish for the first time a tumor-promoting role of Sg that involves specific bacterial and host factors and have important clinical implications.
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78
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, is a multifactorial disease involving genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors. In addition, increased evidence has established a role for the intestinal microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer. Indeed, changes in the intestinal microbiota composition in colorectal cancer patients compared to control subjects have been reported. Several bacterial species have been shown to exhibit the pro-inflammatory and pro-carcinogenic properties, which could consequently have an impact on colorectal carcinogenesis. This review will summarize the current knowledge about the potential links between the intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer, with a focus on the pro-carcinogenic properties of bacterial microbiota such as induction of inflammation, the biosynthesis of genotoxins that interfere with cell cycle regulation and the production of toxic metabolites. Finally, we will describe the potential therapeutic strategies based on intestinal microbiota manipulation for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécily Lucas
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 Inserm, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRA USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 Inserm, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRA USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.
| | - Hang Thi Thu Nguyen
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 Inserm, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRA USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.
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79
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Butt J, Werner S, Willhauck-Fleckenstein M, Michel A, Waterboer T, Zörnig I, Boleij A, Dramsi S, Brenner H, Pawlita M. Serology ofStreptococcus gallolyticussubspeciesgallolyticusand its association with colorectal cancer and precursors. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:897-904. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Butt
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Simone Werner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Angelika Michel
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Inka Zörnig
- Department of Medical Oncology; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
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80
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Asociación entre la endocarditis infecciosa por Enterococcus faecalis y la neoplasia de colon: resultados preliminares a partir de una cohorte de 154 pacientes. Rev Esp Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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81
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Elzein FE, Akhtar MY, Khairallah H, Albenmousa A. Streptococcus bovis prosthetic valve endocarditis associated with silent colonic carcinoma. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-219488. [PMID: 28554883 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-219488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 75-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a 3-month history of fever. Of note, she had a bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement 1 year prior to admission. Streptococcus bovis was isolated from three sets of blood cultures. An echocardiogram showed a flickering mass attached to the bioprosthesis. Her blood culture became sterile by the fourth day of ceftriaxone therapy. In spite of the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms, screening colonoscopy revealed an invasive colonic adenocarcinoma. The association linking S. bovis endocarditis and colonic tumours is well recognised. However, despite early reports of this association by Klein et al in 1979, a large number of practising physicians remain unaware of this phenomenon. This lack of awareness results in lost opportunities for early diagnosis and, consequently, improved outcome in such patients. Our report emphasises this association in an area with a low incidence of S. bovis endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatehi E Elzein
- Department of Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Yasin Akhtar
- Department of Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatim Khairallah
- Department of Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Albenmousa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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82
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Million M, Diallo A, Raoult D. Gut microbiota and malnutrition. Microb Pathog 2017; 106:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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83
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Dumke J, Vollmer T, Akkermann O, Knabbe C, Dreier J. Case-control study: Determination of potential risk factors for the colonization of healthy volunteers with Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176515. [PMID: 28459818 PMCID: PMC5411088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus was identified in humans and animals as commensal of the gut and can act as a causative agent of endocarditis and septicemia. A case-control study was performed to identify yet unknown risk factors for the transmission of this facultative pathogen. The prevalence in the gut of 99 healthy volunteers was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction resulting in 62.5% S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus positive excrements. Subsequent cultivation offered three isolates and epidemiological analysis based on MLST revealed sequence type (ST) 3 and ST 7, previously detected from bovine and endocarditis patients. These results support the hypotheses of the zoonotic potential of this bacterium. Participant questionnaires were evaluated concerning personal characteristics, nutritional habits and animal contact. Specifically, closer contact between participants and animals influenced the colonization of the human gut significantly and was further affected if volunteers used excrement for the fertilization of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Dumke
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Tanja Vollmer
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | | | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jens Dreier
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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84
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Wang X, Yang Y, Huycke MM. Microbiome-driven carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer: Models and mechanisms. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:3-15. [PMID: 27810411 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death and archetype for cancer as a genetic disease. However, the mechanisms for genetic change and their interactions with environmental risk factors have been difficult to unravel. New hypotheses, models, and methods are being used to investigate a complex web of risk factors that includes the intestinal microbiome. Recent research has clarified how the microbiome can generate genomic change in CRC. Several phenotypes among a small group of selected commensals have helped us better understand how mutations and chromosomal instability (CIN) are induced in CRC (e.g., toxin production, metabolite formation, radical generation, and immune modulation leading to a bystander effect). This review discusses recent hypotheses, models, and mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome contributes to the initiation and progression of sporadic and colitis-associated forms of CRC. Overall, it appears the microbiome can initiate and/or promote CRC at all stages of tumorigenesis by acting as an inducer of DNA damage and CIN, regulating cell growth and death, generating epigenetic changes, and modulating host immune responses. Understanding how the microbiome interacts with other risk factors to define colorectal carcinogenesis will ultimately lead to more accurate risk prediction. A deeper understanding of CRC etiology will also help identify new targets for prevention and treatment and help accelerate the decline in mortality for this common cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Muchmore Laboratories for Infectious Diseases Research, Oklahoma City VA Health Care System, USA
| | - Yonghong Yang
- Gansu Province Children's Hospital, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Mark M Huycke
- Muchmore Laboratories for Infectious Diseases Research, Oklahoma City VA Health Care System, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, PO Box 26901, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901, USA.
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85
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Pericàs JM, Corredoira J, Moreno A, García-País MJ, Falces C, Rabuñal R, Mestres CA, Alonso MP, Marco F, Quintana E, Almela M, Paré JC, Llopis J, Castells A, Miró JM. Relationship Between Enterococcus faecalis Infective Endocarditis and Colorectal Neoplasm: Preliminary Results From a Cohort of 154 Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 70:451-458. [PMID: 27916708 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The association between Streptococcus bovis group infective endocarditis and colorectal neoplasm (CRN) is well-known. However, no studies have assessed the association between Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) and CRN. We aimed to determine whether the prevalence of CRN is higher in patients with EFIE and an unclear source of infection than in patients with EFIE and a known source of infection or in the general population. METHODS Retrospective analysis of a cohort of 154 patients with definite EFIE (109 with an unclear source of infection and 45 with an identified source) from 2 Spanish teaching hospitals to determine the prevalence of CRN and other colorectal diseases. RESULTS In the group with an unknown source of infection, 61 patients (56%) underwent colonoscopy; of these, 31 (50.8%) had CRN. Nonadvanced colorectal adenoma was detected in 22 patients (36%), advanced adenoma in 5 (8.2%), and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in 4 (6.6%). Among patients who survived the EFIE episode with ≥ 2 years of follow-up, 1 case of CRC was subsequently diagnosed. Only 6 patients (13.3%) with an identified focus of infection underwent colonoscopy; 1 of these patients (16.7%) was diagnosed with CRN. The prevalence of adenomas was slightly higher than that of the Spanish population in the same age range, whereas that of CRC was 17-fold higher. CONCLUSIONS CRN was found in more than half of patients with EFIE and an unclear focus of infection who underwent colonoscopy. Colonoscopy should be recommended in patients with EFIE and an unclear source of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Pericàs
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Corredoira
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Asunción Moreno
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Falces
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Rabuñal
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos A Mestres
- Servicio de Cirugía Cardiaca, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía Cardiaca, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Pilar Alonso
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Francesc Marco
- ISGlobal, Fundació Privada Centre de Recerca en Salut Internacional de Barcelona (CRESIB), Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Quintana
- Servicio de Cirugía Cardiaca, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Almela
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan C Paré
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Llopis
- Departamento de Estadística, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Miró
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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86
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Tanwar YS, Debnath A, Mehndiratta L, Kharbanda Y, Sardana R. Streptococcus gallolyticus infection after knee arthroplasty: A case report. APOLLO MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apme.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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87
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Streptococcus bovis new taxonomy: does subspecies distinction matter? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 36:387-393. [PMID: 27796646 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacteremia with Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex strains is associated with hepatobiliary disease, colorectal lesions (CL), and infective endocarditis (IE). This study addressed the clinical significance of subspecies distinction of previously designated S. bovis blood culture isolates according to the updated nomenclature. During 2002-2013, all blood culture isolates previously designated as S. bovis were recultured and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF (Bruker BioTyper and Vitek MS, bioMérieux). Clinical data of patients aged ≥18 years were reviewed. A review of four recent case series was performed as well. Forty blood isolates were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. Twenty-six bacteremic patients had S. gallolyticus ssp. pasteurianus, six had S. gallolyticus ssp. gallolyticus, two had S. gallolyticus ssp. macedonicus, and six had S. infantarius bacteremia. Species diagnosis using Vitek and bioMérieux MALDI-TOF technology was applicable in 37 and 36 samples, respectively, and was successful in all samples (100 %). Subspecies identification was confirmed in 30 (83 %) samples (as compared with 16S rRNA sequencing detection). IE was diagnosed in 22 (59 %) patients and CL in 8 (20 %) patients. Both complications were associated with all subspecies. Combining our results with those of four recent series resulted in, overall, 320 bacteremic cases, of which 88 (28 %) had CL and 66 (21 %) had IE. All 'bovis/equinus' complex subspecies were associated with CL or IE. From a clinical point of view, species diagnosis using MALDI-TOF MS should suffice to warrant consideration of transesophageal echocardiography and colonoscopy.
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88
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Coleman OI, Nunes T. Role of the Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer: Updates on Microbial Associations and Therapeutic Implications. Biores Open Access 2016; 5:279-288. [PMID: 27790385 PMCID: PMC5076480 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2016.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic, environmental, and dietary factors have been found to influence the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). More recently, accumulating evidence associates the intestinal microbiota with the initiation and progression of this disease. While studies have shown that individuals with CRC display alterations in gut bacterial composition, it remains somewhat unclear whether such differences drive cancer development or whether they are a response to tumorigenesis. In this review, the authors assess new evidence linking the community structure or specific bacterial factors of the intestinal microbiota to CRC development and progression, with insights into therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia I Coleman
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technical University of Munich , Freising, Germany
| | - Tiago Nunes
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technical University of Munich , Freising, Germany
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89
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Gherardi G, Palmieri C, Marini E, Pompilio A, Crocetta V, Di Bonaventura G, Creti R, Facinelli B. Identification, antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of the human emerging pathogen Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:329-335. [PMID: 27720207 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to retrospectively identify 22Streptococcus bovis clinical strains based on the new taxonomy, as well as to investigate their antibiotic-resistance and clonality. Strains were identified by Phoenix100 system, 16S rRNA sequencing, and two MALDI-TOF MS platforms (Bruker Biotyper, Vitek MS). Antibiotic resistance was determined both phenotypically and genotypically, and clonality was assessed by PFGE. Most of strains (63.6%) were isolated from urine, and diabetes was the most common underlying disease (31.8%). Phoenix100 system revealed all strains belonged to biotype II, and 16S rRNA sequencing identified all strains as S. gallolyticus subsp pasteurianus (SGSP). Although both MALDI-TOF MS systems correctly identified isolates to the species level, only Bruker Biotyper accurately identified to the subspecies level. Erythromycin-resistant strains (31.8%) were also clindamycin-resistant and positive for erm(B). Strains resistant to tetracycline (68.2%) were also resistant to erythromycin. PFGE showed high genetic variability identifying 17 different pulsotypes, most of which single.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gherardi
- Department of Medicine, Campus Biomedico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Palmieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; and Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT); "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Crocetta
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; and Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT); "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; and Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT); "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Creti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Margherita 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruna Facinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60123 Ancona, Italy
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90
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Martins M, Porrini C, du Merle L, Danne C, Robbe-Masselot C, Trieu-Cuot P, Dramsi S. The Pil3 pilus of Streptococcus gallolyticus binds to intestinal mucins and to fibrinogen. Gut Microbes 2016; 7:526-532. [PMID: 27656949 PMCID: PMC5153612 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1239677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus is a commensal bacterium responsible for infectious endocarditis in the elderly, which has frequently been associated with colonic carcinoma. Whether this species is a cause or a consequence of colorectal cancer remains unknown. We recently demonstrated that S. gallolyticus Pil3 pilus is required for adhesion to colonic mucus and for colonization of mouse distal colon. We show here that Pil3 pilus binds equally well to human colonic mucins derived from HT29-MTX cells and to human stomach mucins from healthy donors. In addition, we have found that Pil3 also binds to human fibrinogen, which expands the repertoire of Pil3 host ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Biology of
Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France,Department of Microbiology, Center National de
la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526, Paris,
France
| | - Constance Porrini
- Department of Microbiology, Biology of
Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France,Department of Microbiology, Center National de
la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526, Paris,
France
| | - Laurence du Merle
- Department of Microbiology, Biology of
Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France,Department of Microbiology, Center National de
la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526, Paris,
France
| | - Camille Danne
- Department of Microbiology, Biology of
Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France,Department of Microbiology, Center National de
la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526, Paris,
France
| | | | - Patrick Trieu-Cuot
- Department of Microbiology, Biology of
Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France,Department of Microbiology, Center National de
la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526, Paris,
France
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Department of Microbiology, Biology of
Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France,Department of Microbiology, Center National de
la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526, Paris,
France,CONTACT Shaynoor Dramsi 28 rue du Dr Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15France
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91
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92
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A Rare Case of Streptococcus alactolyticus Infective Endocarditis Complicated by Septic Emboli and Mycotic Left Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm. Case Rep Infect Dis 2016; 2016:9081352. [PMID: 27525136 PMCID: PMC4972922 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9081352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, S. alactolyticus endocarditis complicated by middle cerebral artery aneurysm has not been reported. We describe the case of a 65-year-old female with a history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction presenting with confusion and a apical holosystolic murmur. Angiography of the brain identified new bilobed left middle cerebral artery aneurysm. Serial blood cultures grew S. alactolyticus, and aortic and mitral valve vegetation were discovered on transesophageal echocardiography. The patient was treated with antimicrobial therapy, mitral and aortic valve replacements, and microsurgical clipping of cerebral aneurysm. This case serves to highlight the pathogenicity of a sparsely described bacterium belonging to the heterogenous S. bovis complex.
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93
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Veziant J, Gagnière J, Jouberton E, Bonnin V, Sauvanet P, Pezet D, Barnich N, Miot-Noirault E, Bonnet M. Association of colorectal cancer with pathogenic Escherichia coli: Focus on mechanisms using optical imaging. World J Clin Oncol 2016; 7:293-301. [PMID: 27298769 PMCID: PMC4896897 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v7.i3.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the molecular or cellular mechanisms related to the infection of epithelial colonic mucosa by pks-positive Escherichia coli (E. coli) using optical imaging.
METHODS: We choose to evaluate the tumor metabolic activity using a fluorodeoxyglucose analogue as 2-deoxyglucosone fluorescent probes and to correlate it with tumoral volume (mm3). Inflammation measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and reactive oxygen species production was monitored by a bioluminescent (BLI) inflammation probe and related to histological examination and MPO levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on tumor specimens. The detection and quantitation of these two signals were validated on a xenograft model of human colon adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (HCT116) in nude mice infected with a pks-positive E. coli. The inflammatory BLI signal was validated intra-digestively in the colitis-CEABAC10 DSS models, which mimicked Crohn’s disease.
RESULTS: Using a 2-deoxyglucosone fluorescent probe, we observed a high and specific HCT116 tumor uptake in correlation with tumoral volume (P = 0.0036). Using the inflammation probe targeting MPO, we detected a rapid systemic elimination and a significant increase of the BLI signal in the pks-positive E. coli-infected HCT116 xenograft group (P < 0.005). ELISA confirmed that MPO levels were significantly higher (1556 ± 313.6 vs 234.6 ± 121.6 ng/mL P = 0.001) in xenografts infected with the pathogenic E. coli strain. Moreover, histological examination of tumor samples confirmed massive infiltration of pks-positive E. coli-infected HCT116 tumors by inflammatory cells compared to the uninfected group. These data showed that infection with the pathogenic E. coli strain enhanced inflammation and ROS production in tumors before tumor growth. Moreover, we demonstrated that the intra-digestive monitoring of inflammation is feasible in a reference colitis murine model (CEABAC10/DSS).
CONCLUSION: Using BLI and fluorescence optical imaging, we provided tools to better understand host-pathogen interactions at the early stage of disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.
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94
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Abstract
Although genes contribute to colorectal cancer, the gut microbiota are an important player. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic infection and the ensuing inflammation contributes to tumor initiation and tumor progression. A variety of bacterial species and tumor-promoting virulence mechanisms have been investigated. Significant advances have been made in understanding the composition and functional capabilities of the gut microbiota and its roles in cancer. In the current review, we discuss the novel roles of microbiota in the progression of colon cancer. Although microbiota technically include organisms other than bacteria e.g., viruses and fungi, this review will primarily focus on bacteria. We summarize epidemiological studies of human microbiome and colon cancer. We discuss the progress in the scientific understanding of the interplay between the gut microbiota, barrier function, and host responses in experimental models. Further, we discuss the potential application in prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of colon cancer by targeting microbiota. We discuss the challenges lie ahead and the future direction in studying gut microbiome in colon cancer to close the gap between the basic sciences and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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95
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Chu VH. When the Cat's Out of the Bag: Searching for Portals of Entry in Infective Endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67:159-161. [PMID: 26791062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian H Chu
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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96
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Clarke LL, Fathke RL, Sanchez S, Stanton JB. Streptococcus bovis/S. equinus complex septicemia in a group of calves following intramuscular vaccination. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:423-8. [PMID: 27216720 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716648364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisms previously classified as Streptococcus bovis (i.e., the S. bovis/S. equinus complex) are common in cattle feces, but may also act as opportunistic pathogens. In the current work, Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli, a member of this complex, was associated of a cluster of calves that died within hours of injection with a modified live viral vaccine. Within 12 h of vaccination of 46 calves at a cow/calf operation, 4 calves had died, 3 calves were ill, and 1 unvaccinated cow was dead. Autopsies were performed on the cow, 2 dead calves, and 1 affected surviving calf, which was euthanized ~24 h after vaccine administration. The animals had similar gross anatomic and microscopic lesions, including subcutaneous and intramuscular dark hemorrhage on the caudal neck, multiorgan ecchymosis and petechiation, and alveolitis to interstitial pneumonia. Gram-positive cocci were in the vasculature of the lung and skeletal muscle, and S. infantarius subsp. coli was cultured from tissues and from the vaccines used on affected animals, but not in vials used on unaffected animals. Together, these findings suggest death caused by streptococcal septicemia and toxemia as a result of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorelei L Clarke
- Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Fathke)Departments of Pathology (Clarke, Stanton), The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GAInfectious Diseases (Sanchez), The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA
| | - Robert L Fathke
- Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Fathke)Departments of Pathology (Clarke, Stanton), The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GAInfectious Diseases (Sanchez), The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Fathke)Departments of Pathology (Clarke, Stanton), The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GAInfectious Diseases (Sanchez), The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA
| | - James B Stanton
- Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Fathke)Departments of Pathology (Clarke, Stanton), The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GAInfectious Diseases (Sanchez), The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA
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97
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Sun LM, Wu JN, Lin CL, Day JD, Liang JA, Liou LR, Kao CH. Infective Endocarditis and Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3198. [PMID: 27015220 PMCID: PMC4998415 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the possible relationship between endocarditis and overall and individual cancer risk among study participants in Taiwan.We used data from the National Health Insurance program of Taiwan to conduct a population-based, observational, and retrospective cohort study. The case group consisted of 14,534 patients who were diagnosed with endocarditis between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010. For the control group, 4 patients without endocarditis were frequency matched to each endocarditis patient according to age, sex, and index year. Competing risks regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of endocarditis on cancer risk.A large difference was noted in Charlson comorbidity index between endocarditis and nonendocarditis patients. In patients with endocarditis, the risk for developing overall cancer was significant and 119% higher than in patients without endocarditis (adjusted subhazard ratio = 2.19, 95% confidence interval = 1.98-2.42). Regarding individual cancers, in addition to head and neck, uterus, female breast and hematological malignancies, the risks of developing colorectal cancer, and some digestive tract cancers were significantly higher. Additional analyses determined that the association of cancer with endocarditis is stronger within the 1st 5 years after endocarditis diagnosis.This population-based cohort study found that patients with endocarditis are at a higher risk for colorectal cancer and other cancers in Taiwan. The risk was even higher within the 1st 5 years after endocarditis diagnosis. It suggested that endocarditis is an early marker of colorectal cancer and other cancers. The underlying mechanisms must still be explored and may account for a shared risk factor of infection in both endocarditis and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Sun
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung (L-MS); General Affairs Office, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung (J-NW); Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung (J-NW, J-DD); Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital (C-LL); College of Medicine (C-LL); Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung (J-AL, C-HK); Department of Surgery, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung (L-RL); Department of Radiation Oncology (J-AL); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (C-HK)
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98
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Marmolin ES, Hartmeyer GN, Christensen JJ, Nielsen XC, Dargis R, Skov MN, Knudsen E, Kemp M, Justesen US. Bacteremia with the bovis group streptococci: species identification and association with infective endocarditis and with gastrointestinal disease. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 85:239-42. [PMID: 27117515 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA sequencing of the intergenic spacer (ITS) region was used to identify 53 blood culture isolates that had previously been designated to the bovis group streptococci and clinical data was collected retrospectively from patients' records using a standardized protocol. ITS sequencing identified 19 (35.8%) isolates as Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, 12 (22.6%) as S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus, two (3.8%) as S. gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus, seven (13.2%) as S. infantarius subsp. infantarius, 12 (22.6%) as S. lutetiensis and one (1.9%) as S. equinus. The association of S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus with colorectal neoplasia and with infective endocarditis and the association between S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus and pancreatic cancer were found to be clinically important. Also, a very high 1-year mortality rate with S. lutetiensis (66.7%) and S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (58.7%) bacteremia calls for intensive investigation for underlying disease focusing on the pancreas and the hepatobiliary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ea S Marmolin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Gitte N Hartmeyer
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Jens J Christensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Xiaohui C Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Rimtas Dargis
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Marianne N Skov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Elisa Knudsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael Kemp
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrik S Justesen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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99
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An Update on the Streptococcus bovis Group: Classification, Identification, and Disease Associations. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:1694-1699. [PMID: 26912760 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02977-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Streptococcus bovis group has undergone significant taxonomic changes over the past 2 decades with the advent of new identification methods with higher discriminatory power. Although the current classification system is not yet embraced by all researchers in the field and debate remains over the performance of molecular techniques for identification to the species level within the group, important disease associations for several members of the group have been clarified. Here, we provide a brief overview of the history of the S. bovis group, an outline of the currently accepted classification scheme, a review of associated clinical syndromes, and a summary of the performance and diagnostic accuracy of currently available identification methods.
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100
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Native Valve Streptococcus bovis Endocarditis and Refractory Transfusion Dependent Iron Deficiency Anaemia Associated with Concomitant Carcinoma of the Colon: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Infect Dis 2016; 2016:2670307. [PMID: 26881154 PMCID: PMC4736389 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2670307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus bovis is found as a commensal organism in human gut and may become opportunistically pathogenic. Infective endocarditis is one of the commonest modes of presentation of this infection. The association between Streptococcus bovis endocarditis and colorectal cancer is well recognized. We report a case of Streptococcus bovis endocarditis along with a refractory iron deficiency anaemia associated with concomitant carcinoma of ascending colon in a 63-year-old male. Cooccurrence of these two conditions may cause a challenge in the management. Considering the strong association of colon cancer with Streptococcus bovis endocarditis, a detailed screening colonoscopy is mandatory following the diagnosis of the latter.
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