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Meyer CE, Smith AW, Padilla-Requerey AA, Farkhondeh V, Itoh N, Itoh Y, Gao JL, Herbig PD, Nguyen Q, Ngo KH, Oberoi MR, Siddarth P, Voskuhl RR, MacKenzie-Graham A. Neuroprotection in Cerebral Cortex Induced by the Pregnancy Hormone Estriol. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100189. [PMID: 37245852 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), demyelination occurs in the cerebral cortex, and cerebral cortex atrophy correlates with clinical disabilities. Treatments are needed in MS to induce remyelination. Pregnancy is protective in MS. Estriol is made by the fetoplacental unit, and maternal serum estriol levels temporally align with fetal myelination. Here, we determined the effect of estriol treatment on the cerebral cortex in the preclinical model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Estriol treatment initiated after disease onset decreased cerebral cortex atrophy. Neuropathology of the cerebral cortex showed increased cholesterol synthesis proteins in oligodendrocytes, more newly formed remyelinating oligodendrocytes, and increased myelin in estriol-treated EAE mice. Estriol treatment also decreased the loss of cortical layer V pyramidal neurons and their apical dendrites and preserved synapses. Together, estriol treatment after EAE onset reduced atrophy and was neuroprotective in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew W Smith
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aitana A Padilla-Requerey
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vista Farkhondeh
- UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Noriko Itoh
- UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yuichiro Itoh
- UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Josephine L Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick D Herbig
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Quynhanh Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katelyn H Ngo
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mandavi R Oberoi
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rhonda R Voskuhl
- UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Allan MacKenzie-Graham
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California.
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52
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Doss GA, Radecki DZ, Kethireddy A, Reilly MJ, Pohly AE, August BK, Duncan ID, Samanta J. Wobbly hedgehog syndrome- a progressive neurodegenerative disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.13.547983. [PMID: 37503221 PMCID: PMC10370039 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.13.547983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Wobbly hedgehog syndrome (WHS) has been long considered to be a myelin disease primarily affecting the four-toed hedgehog. In this study, we have shown for the first time that demyelination is accompanied by extensive remyelination in WHS. However, remyelination is not enough to compensate for the axonal degeneration and neuronal loss, resulting in a progressive neurodegenerative disease reminiscent of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans. Thus, understanding the pathological features of WHS may shed light on the disease progression in progressive MS and ultimately help to develop therapeutic strategies for both diseases. Highlights Wobbly hedgehog syndrome (WHS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease.Spongy degeneration of the brain and spinal cord is the diagnostic feature of WHS.WHS affected brain and spinal cord show extensive demyelination and remyelination.Axonal degeneration is accompanied by loss of neurons in WHS.
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53
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Gurung D, Danielson JA, Tasnim A, Zhang JT, Zou Y, Liu JY. Proline Isomerization: From the Chemistry and Biology to Therapeutic Opportunities. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1008. [PMID: 37508437 PMCID: PMC10376262 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Proline isomerization, the process of interconversion between the cis- and trans-forms of proline, is an important and unique post-translational modification that can affect protein folding and conformations, and ultimately regulate protein functions and biological pathways. Although impactful, the importance and prevalence of proline isomerization as a regulation mechanism in biological systems have not been fully understood or recognized. Aiming to fill gaps and bring new awareness, we attempt to provide a wholistic review on proline isomerization that firstly covers what proline isomerization is and the basic chemistry behind it. In this section, we vividly show that the cause of the unique ability of proline to adopt both cis- and trans-conformations in significant abundance is rooted from the steric hindrance of these two forms being similar, which is different from that in linear residues. We then discuss how proline isomerization was discovered historically followed by an introduction to all three types of proline isomerases and how proline isomerization plays a role in various cellular responses, such as cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, T-cell activation, and ion channel gating. We then explore various human diseases that have been linked to the dysregulation of proline isomerization. Finally, we wrap up with the current stage of various inhibitors developed to target proline isomerases as a strategy for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurung
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jacob A Danielson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Afsara Tasnim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo College of Engineering, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo College of Engineering, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Evonuk KS, Wang S, Mattie J, Cracchiolo CJ, Mager R, Ferenčić Ž, Sprague E, Carrier B, Schofield K, Martinez E, Stewart Z, Petrosino T, Johnson GA, Yusuf I, Plaisted W, Naiman Z, Delp T, Carter L, Marušić S. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibition reduces disease severity in a model of secondary progressive autoimmune demyelination. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:115. [PMID: 37438842 PMCID: PMC10337138 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an emerging target in multiple sclerosis (MS). Alongside its role in B cell receptor signaling and B cell development, BTK regulates myeloid cell activation and inflammatory responses. Here we demonstrate efficacy of BTK inhibition in a model of secondary progressive autoimmune demyelination in Biozzi mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We show that late in the course of disease, EAE severity could not be reduced with a potent relapse inhibitor, FTY720 (fingolimod), indicating that disease was relapse-independent. During this same phase of disease, treatment with a BTK inhibitor reduced both EAE severity and demyelination compared to vehicle treatment. Compared to vehicle treatment, late therapeutic BTK inhibition resulted in fewer spinal cord-infiltrating myeloid cells, with lower expression of CD86, pro-IL-1β, CD206, and Iba1, and higher expression of Arg1, in both tissue-resident and infiltrating myeloid cells, suggesting a less inflammatory myeloid cell milieu. These changes were accompanied by decreased spinal cord axonal damage. We show similar efficacy with two small molecule inhibitors, including a novel, highly selective, central nervous system-penetrant BTK inhibitor, GB7208. These results suggest that through lymphoid and myeloid cell regulation, BTK inhibition reduced neurodegeneration and disease progression during secondary progressive EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sen Wang
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Josh Mattie
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - C. J. Cracchiolo
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Reine Mager
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Željko Ferenčić
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Ethan Sprague
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Brandon Carrier
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Kai Schofield
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Evelyn Martinez
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Zachary Stewart
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Tara Petrosino
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | | | - Isharat Yusuf
- Gossamer Bio, 3013 Science Park Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Warren Plaisted
- Gossamer Bio, 3013 Science Park Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Zachary Naiman
- Gossamer Bio, 3013 Science Park Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Timothy Delp
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Laura Carter
- Gossamer Bio, 3013 Science Park Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Suzana Marušić
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
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Ellen O, Ye S, Nheu D, Dass M, Pagnin M, Ozturk E, Theotokis P, Grigoriadis N, Petratos S. The Heterogeneous Multiple Sclerosis Lesion: How Can We Assess and Modify a Degenerating Lesion? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11112. [PMID: 37446290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disease of the central nervous system that is governed by neural tissue loss and dystrophy during its progressive phase, with complex reactive pathological cellular changes. The immune-mediated mechanisms that promulgate the demyelinating lesions during relapses of acute episodes are not characteristic of chronic lesions during progressive MS. This has limited our capacity to target the disease effectively as it evolves within the central nervous system white and gray matter, thereby leaving neurologists without effective options to manage individuals as they transition to a secondary progressive phase. The current review highlights the molecular and cellular sequelae that have been identified as cooperating with and/or contributing to neurodegeneration that characterizes individuals with progressive forms of MS. We emphasize the need for appropriate monitoring via known and novel molecular and imaging biomarkers that can accurately detect and predict progression for the purposes of newly designed clinical trials that can demonstrate the efficacy of neuroprotection and potentially neurorepair. To achieve neurorepair, we focus on the modifications required in the reactive cellular and extracellular milieu in order to enable endogenous cell growth as well as transplanted cells that can integrate and/or renew the degenerative MS plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ellen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sining Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Danica Nheu
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mary Dass
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Maurice Pagnin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ezgi Ozturk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kiriakides Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kiriakides Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
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56
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Cui YR, Bu ZQ, Yu HY, Yan LL, Feng J. Emodin attenuates inflammation and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1535-1541. [PMID: 36571359 PMCID: PMC10075100 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.358612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin, a substance extracted from herbs such as rhubarb, has a protective effect on the central nervous system. However, the potential therapeutic effect of emodin in the context of multiple sclerosis remains unknown. In this study, a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was established by immune induction to simulate multiple sclerosis, and the rats were intraperitoneally injected with emodin (20 mg/kg/d) from the day of immune induction until they were sacrificed. In this model, the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the microglia exacerbated neuroinflammation, playing an important role in the development of multiple sclerosis. In addition, silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha coactivator (PGC-1α) was found to inhibit activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and SIRT1 activation reduced disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Furthermore, treatment with emodin decreased body weight loss and neurobehavioral deficits, alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination, reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, inhibited microglial aggregation and activation, decreased the levels of NLRP3 signaling pathway molecules, and increased the expression of SIRT1 and PGC-1α. These findings suggest that emodin improves the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, possibly through regulating the SIRT1/PGC-1α/NLRP3 signaling pathway and inhibiting microglial inflammation. These findings provide experimental evidence for treatment of multiple sclerosis with emodin, enlarging the scope of clinical application for emodin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ran Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Bu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hai-Yang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Li Yan
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Hernandez CI, Kargarnovin S, Hejazi S, Karwowski W. Examining electroencephalogram signatures of people with multiple sclerosis using a nonlinear dynamics approach: a systematic review and bibliographic analysis. Front Comput Neurosci 2023; 17:1207067. [PMID: 37457899 PMCID: PMC10344458 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2023.1207067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considering that brain activity involves communication between millions of neurons in a complex network, nonlinear analysis is a viable tool for studying electroencephalography (EEG). The main objective of this review was to collate studies that utilized chaotic measures and nonlinear dynamical analysis in EEG of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and to discuss the contributions of chaos theory techniques to understanding, diagnosing, and treating MS. Methods Using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA), the databases EbscoHost, IEEE, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for publications that applied chaos theory in EEG analysis of MS patients. Results A bibliographic analysis was performed using VOSviewer software keyword co-occurrence analysis indicated that MS was the focus of the research and that research on MS diagnosis has shifted from conventional methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging, to EEG techniques in recent years. A total of 17 studies were included in this review. Among the included articles, nine studies examined resting-state, and eight examined task-based conditions. Conclusion Although nonlinear EEG analysis of MS is a relatively novel area of research, the findings have been demonstrated to be informative and effective. The most frequently used nonlinear dynamics analyses were fractal dimension, recurrence quantification analysis, mutual information, and coherence. Each analysis selected provided a unique assessment to fulfill the objective of this review. While considering the limitations discussed, there is a promising path forward using nonlinear analyses with MS data.
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58
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Shafit-Zagardo B, Sidoli S, Goldman JE, DuBois JC, Corboy JR, Strittmatter SM, Guzik H, Edema U, Arackal AG, Botbol YM, Merheb E, Nagra RM, Graff S. TMEM106B Puncta Is Increased in Multiple Sclerosis Plaques, and Reduced Protein in Mice Results in Delayed Lipid Clearance Following CNS Injury. Cells 2023; 12:1734. [PMID: 37443768 PMCID: PMC10340176 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammatory, demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammation and axonal damage are prevalent early in the course. Axonal damage includes swelling, defects in transport, and failure to clear damaged intracellular proteins, all of which affect recovery and compromise neuronal integrity. The clearance of damaged cell components is important to maintain normal turnover and restore homeostasis. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to identify insoluble proteins within high-speed/mercaptoethanol/sarcosyl-insoluble pellets from purified white matter plaques isolated from the brains of individuals with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). We determined that the transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B), normally lysosome-associated, is insoluble in RRMS plaques relative to normal-appearing white matter from individuals with Alzheimer's disease and non-neurologic controls. Relative to wild-type mice, hypomorphic mice with a reduction in TMEM106B have increased axonal damage and lipid droplet accumulation in the spinal cord following myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Additionally, the corpora callosa from cuprizone-challenged hypomorphic mice fail to clear lipid droplets efficiently during remyelination, suggesting that when TMEM106B is compromised, protein and lipid clearance by the lysosome is delayed. As TMEM106B contains putative lipid- and LC3-binding sites, further exploration of these sites is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - James E Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Juwen C DuBois
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - John R Corboy
- Rocky Mountain MS Brain Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hillary Guzik
- Analytic Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ukuemi Edema
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Anita G Arackal
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Yair M Botbol
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Emilio Merheb
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rashed M Nagra
- UCLA Brain Bank, VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Sarah Graff
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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Ziaei A, Nasr Z, Hart J, Francisco C, Rutatangwa A, Leppert D, Kuhle J, Flanagan E, Waubant E. High serum neurofilament levels are observed close to disease activity events in pediatric-onset MS and MOG antibody-associated diseases. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 74:104704. [PMID: 37031551 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is an emerging multiple sclerosis (MS) biomarker which measures neuro-axonal damage. However, understanding its temporal association with disease activity in pediatric-onset MS (POMS) and Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) remains limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of sNfL levels and time from disease activity in children with MS and MOGAD. METHODS POMS and MOGAD cases with onset before 18 years of age were enrolled at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Regional Pediatric MS Center. Frequency-matched healthy subjects were recruited from general pediatric clinics. Serum samples were tested for MOG-IgG at Mayo Clinic using a live cell-based fluorescent activated cell sorting assay. sNfL levels were measured using single-molecule array (Simoa) technology measured in pg/mL. Data on demographics, clinical features, MRI, CSF, and treatment data were collected by chart review. RESULTS We included 201 healthy controls healthy controls, 142 POMS, and 20 confirmed MOGAD cases with available sNfL levels. The median (IQR) age at the time of sampling was 15.6 (3.9), 15.5 (3.1), and 8.8 (4.1) years for controls, POMS, and MOGAD, respectively. Median sNfL levels (pg/ml) were higher in POMS (19.6) and MOGAD (32.7) cases compared to healthy controls (3.9) (p<0.001). sNfL levels ≥100 pg/ml were only detected within four months of a clinical event or MRI activity in both POMS and MOGAD cases. In addition, sNfL levels were higher in POMS patients with new/enlarged T2 and gadolinium-enhanced lesions than those without MRI activity within four months of sampling in POMS cases. CONCLUSION High sNfL levels were observed close to clinical or MRI events in POMS and MOGAD. Our findings support sNfL as a biomarker of disease activity in pediatric demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ziaei
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zahra Nasr
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janace Hart
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carla Francisco
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice Rutatangwa
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Leppert
- Neurology, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurology, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eoin Flanagan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Krämer-Albers EM, Werner HB. Mechanisms of axonal support by oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41583-023-00711-y. [PMID: 37258632 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as versatile elements of cell communication in the nervous system, mediating tissue homeostasis. EVs influence the physiology of their target cells via horizontal transfer of molecular cargo between cells and by triggering signalling pathways. In this Review, we discuss recent work revealing that EVs mediate interactions between oligodendrocytes and neurons, which are relevant for maintaining the structural integrity of axons. In response to neuronal activity, myelinating oligodendrocytes release EVs, which are internalized by neurons and provide axons with key factors that improve axonal transport, stress resistance and energy homeostasis. Glia-to-neuron transfer of EVs is thus a crucial facet of axonal preservation. When glial support is impaired, axonal integrity is progressively lost, as observed in myelin-related disorders, other neurodegenerative diseases and with normal ageing. We highlight the mechanisms that oligodendroglial EVs use to sustain axonal integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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Takano C, Takano T, Masumura M, Nakamura R, Koda S, Bochimoto H, Yoshida S, Bando Y. Involvement of Degenerating 21.5 kDa Isoform of Myelin Basic Protein in the Pathogenesis of the Relapse in Murine Relapsing-Remitting Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and MS Autopsied Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098160. [PMID: 37175866 PMCID: PMC10179612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is the most common type of MS. However, the mechanisms of relapse and remission in MS have not been fully understood. While SJL mice immunized with proteolipid protein (PLP) develop relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (RR-EAE), we have recently observed that some of these mice were resistant to the active induction of relapsing EAE after initial clinical and histological symptoms of EAE with a severity similar to the relapsing EAE mice. To clarify the mechanism of relapsing, we examined myelin morphology during PLP139-151-induced RR-EAE in the SJL mice. While RR-EAE mice showed an increased EAE severity (relapse) with CNS inflammation, demyelination with abnormal myelin morphology in the spinal cord, the resistant mice exhibited a milder EAE phenotype with diminished relapse. Compared with the RR-EAE mice, the resistant mice showed less CNS inflammation, demyelination, and abnormalities of the myelin structure. In addition, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis with the osmium-maceration method displayed ultrastructural abnormalities of the myelin structure in the white matter of the RR-EAE spinal cord, but not in that of the resistant mice. While the intensity of myelin staining was reduced in the relapsing EAE spinal cord, immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis revealed that the 21.5 kDa isoform of degenerating myelin basic protein (MBP) was specifically induced in the relapsing EAE spinal cord. Taken together, the neuroinflammation-induced degenerating 21 kDa isoform of MBP sheds light on the development of abnormal myelin on the relapse of MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Takano
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takuma Takano
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Masumura
- Institute for Social Innovation and Cooperation, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroki Bochimoto
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Yoshida
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshio Bando
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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Wang Y, Kyauk RV, Shen YAA, Xie L, Reichelt M, Lin H, Jiang Z, Ngu H, Shen K, Greene JJ, Sheng M, Yuen TJ. TREM2-dependent microglial function is essential for remyelination and subsequent neuroprotection. Glia 2023; 71:1247-1258. [PMID: 36625077 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) is driven in part by the failure of remyelination and progressive neurodegeneration. Microglia, and specifically triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a factor highly expressed in microglia, have been shown to play an important role in remyelination. Here, using a focal demyelination model in the brain, we demonstrate that demyelination is persistent in TREM2 knockout mice, lasting more than 6 weeks after lysolecithin injection and resulting in substantial neurodegeneration. We also find that TREM2 knockout mice exhibit an altered glial response following demyelination. TREM2 knockout microglia demonstrate defects in migration and phagocytosis of myelin debris. In addition, human monocyte-derived macrophages from subjects with a TREM2 mutation prevalent in human disease also show a defect in myelin debris phagocytosis. Together, we highlight the central role of TREM2 signaling in remyelination and neuroprotection. These findings provide insights into how chronic demyelination might lead to axonal damage and could help identify novel neuroprotective therapeutic targets for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roxanne V Kyauk
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yun-An A Shen
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Luke Xie
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mike Reichelt
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhiyu Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hai Ngu
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kimberle Shen
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacob J Greene
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracy J Yuen
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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63
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Zhang J, Jin L, Hua X, Wang M, Wang J, Xu X, Liu H, Qiu H, Sun H, Dong T, Yang D, Zhang X, Wang Y, Huang Z. SARM1 promotes the neuroinflammation and demyelination through IGFBP2/NF-κB pathway in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e13974. [PMID: 37186158 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, and its typical characteristics are neuroinflammation and the demyelination of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) is an essential factor mediating axonal degeneration and SARM1 deletion reduces the neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury. This study aimed to explore the roles of SARM1 and its underlying mechanisms in MS. METHODS Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, a model of MS) model was established. Immunostaining, western blot, electron microscope, and HE staining were used to examine the pathological manifestations such as inflammation, demyelination, and neuronal death in SARM1f/f EAE mice and SARM1Nestin -CKO EAE mice. In addition, RNA-seq, real-time PCR and double-immunostaining were used to examine the underlying mechanism of SARM1 in EAE mice. RESULTS SARM1 was upregulated in neurons of the spinal cords of EAE mice. SARM1 knockout in CNS ameliorated EAE with less neuroinflammation, demyelination, and dead neurons. Mechanically, SARM1 knockout resulted in the reduction of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) in neurons of EAE mice, which might inhibit the neuroinflammation through inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Finally, activation of NF-κB partially aggravated the neuroinflammation and demyelination deficits of SARM1Nestin -CKO EAE mice. CONCLUSIONS These results identified the unknown role of SARM1 in the promotion of neuroinflammation and demyelination and revealed a novel drug target pathway of SARM1/IGFBP2/NF-κB for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingting Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Hua
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mianxian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingxing Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huitao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoyu Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huankun Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyingying Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danlu Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihui Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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Hegen H, Berek K, Bsteh G, Auer M, Altmann P, Di Pauli F, Grams A, Milosavljevic D, Ponleitner M, Poskaite P, Schnabl C, Wurth S, Zinganell A, Berger T, Walde J, Deisenhammer F. Kappa free light chain and neurofilament light independently predict early multiple sclerosis disease activity-a cohort study. EBioMedicine 2023; 91:104573. [PMID: 37086651 PMCID: PMC10148088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inter-individual courses of multiple sclerosis (MS) are extremely variable. The objective of this study was to investigate whether κ-free light chain (κ-FLC) index and serum neurofilament light (sNfL) have an additive predictive value for MS disease activity. METHODS Patients with early MS who had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum sampling at disease onset were followed for four years. At baseline, age, sex, disease duration, number of T2-hyperintense (T2L), and contrast-enhancing T1 lesions (CEL) on MRI were determined. During follow-up, the occurrence of a second clinical attack and start of disease-modifying treatment (DMT) were registered. κ-FLC was measured by nephelometry, and κ-FLC index calculated as [CSF κ-FLC/serum κ-FLC]/albumin quotient. sNfL was determined by single-molecule array, and age- and body-mass-index adjusted Z scores were calculated. FINDINGS A total of 86 patients at a mean age of 33 ± 10 years and with a female predominance of 67% were included; 36 (42%) patients experienced a second clinical attack during follow-up. Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, T2L, CEL, disease and follow-up duration, and DMT use during follow-up revealed that both κ-FLC index as well as sNfL Z score independently predict time to second clinical attack. The chance for freedom of relapse within 12 months was 2% in patients with high levels of κ-FLC index (>100) and high sNfL Z score (>3), 30% in patients with high κ-FLC index (>100) and lower sNfL Z score (≤3), 70% in patients with lower κ-FLC index (≤100) but high sNfL Z score (>3), and 90% in patients with lower levels of κ-FLC index (≤100) and sNfL Z score (≤3). INTERPRETATION κ-FLC index and sNfL Z score have an additive predictive value for early MS disease activity that is independent of known predictors. FUNDING This study was funded by a grant of the charitable foundation of the Austrian Multiple Sclerosis Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hegen
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Klaus Berek
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriel Bsteh
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Auer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrick Altmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Di Pauli
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Astrid Grams
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Markus Ponleitner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulina Poskaite
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Sebastian Wurth
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anne Zinganell
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janette Walde
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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65
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Zhou W, Graner M, Paucek P, Beseler C, Boisen M, Bubak A, Asturias F, George W, Graner A, Ormond D, Vollmer T, Alvarez E, Yu X. Multiple sclerosis plasma IgG aggregates induce complement-dependent neuronal apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:254. [PMID: 37031195 PMCID: PMC10082781 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Grey matter pathology is central to the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). We discovered that MS plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, mainly IgG1, form large aggregates (>100 nm) which are retained in the flow-through after binding to Protein A. Utilizing an annexin V live-cell apoptosis detection assay, we demonstrated six times higher levels of neuronal apoptosis induced by MS plasma IgG aggregates (n = 190, from two cohorts) compared to other neurological disorders (n = 116) and healthy donors (n = 44). MS IgG aggregate-mediated, complement-dependent neuronal apoptosis was evaluated in multiple model systems including primary human neurons, primary human astrocytes, neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, and newborn mouse brain slices. Immunocytochemistry revealed the co-deposition of IgG, early and late complement activation products (C1q, C3b, and membrane attack complex C5b9), as well as active caspase 3 in treated neuronal cells. Furthermore, we found that MS plasma cytotoxic antibodies are not present in Protein G flow-through, nor in the paired plasma. The neuronal apoptosis can be inhibited by IgG depletion, disruption of IgG aggregates, pan-caspase inhibitor, and is completely abolished by digestion with IgG-cleaving enzyme IdeS. Transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed the sizes of MS IgG aggregates are greater than 100 nm. Our data support the pathological role of MS IgG antibodies and corroborate their connection to complement activation and axonal damage, suggesting that apoptosis may be a mechanism of neurodegeneration in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Michael Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Petr Paucek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Cheryl Beseler
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Matthew Boisen
- Zalgen Labs, LLC, 12635 E. Montview Blvd., Suite 131, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Bubak
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Francisco Asturias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Woro George
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Arin Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - David Ormond
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Timothy Vollmer
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Enrique Alvarez
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.
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66
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Makar TK, Guda PR, Ray S, Andhavarapu S, Keledjian K, Gerzanich V, Simard JM, Nimmagadda VKC, Bever CT. Immunomodulatory therapy with glatiramer acetate reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5635. [PMID: 37024509 PMCID: PMC10079956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are found in lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) and animal models of MS such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and may contribute to the neuronal loss that underlies permanent impairment. We investigated whether glatiramer acetate (GA) can reduce these changes in the spinal cords of chronic EAE mice by using routine histology, immunostaining, and electron microscopy. EAE spinal cord tissue exhibited increased inflammation, demyelination, mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, downregulation of NAD+ dependent pathways, and increased neuronal death. GA reversed these pathological changes, suggesting that immunomodulating therapy can indirectly induce neuroprotective effects in the CNS by mediating ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas K Makar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA.
- Research Service, Institute of Human Virology, VA Maryland Health Care System, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Poornachander R Guda
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Sugata Ray
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Sanketh Andhavarapu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Kaspar Keledjian
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Vamshi K C Nimmagadda
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Christopher T Bever
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
- Research Service, Institute of Human Virology, VA Maryland Health Care System, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Washington, USA
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67
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Micheli L, Bertini L, Bonato A, Villanova N, Caruso C, Caruso M, Bernini R, Tirone F. Role of Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein in the Prevention of Aging and Related Disorders: Focus on Neurodegeneration, Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071767. [PMID: 37049607 PMCID: PMC10096778 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multi-faceted process caused by the accumulation of cellular damage over time, associated with a gradual reduction of physiological activities in cells and organs. This degeneration results in a reduced ability to adapt to homeostasis perturbations and an increased incidence of illnesses such as cognitive decline, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and skeletal muscle pathologies. Key features of aging include a chronic low-grade inflammation state and a decrease of the autophagic process. The Mediterranean diet has been associated with longevity and ability to counteract the onset of age-related disorders. Extra virgin olive oil, a fundamental component of this diet, contains bioactive polyphenolic compounds as hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) and oleuropein (OLE), known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review is focused on brain, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota, as these systems are known to interact at several levels. After the description of the chemistry and pharmacokinetics of HTyr and OLE, we summarize studies reporting their effects in in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases of the central/peripheral nervous system, adult neurogenesis and depression, senescence and lifespan, and age-related skeletal muscle disorders, as well as their impact on the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Agnese Bonato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Villanova
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizia Caruso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
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68
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Antel JP, Kennedy TE, Kuhlmann T. Seeking neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis: an ongoing challenge. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:168595. [PMID: 37009896 PMCID: PMC10065069 DOI: 10.1172/jci168595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the CNS, featuring inflammation and demyelination with variable recovery. In this issue of the JCI, Kapell, Fazio, and authors address the potential for targeting neuron-oligodendrocyte potassium shuttling at the nodes of Ranvier as a neuroprotective strategy during inflammatory demyelination of the CNS in experimental MS. Their extensive and impressive study could serve as a template for defining the physiologic properties of a putative protective pathway. The authors examined MS features in existent disease models, investigated the impact of pharmacologic intervention, and evaluated its status in tissues from patients with MS. We await future studies that will tackle the challenge of translating these findings into a clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Antel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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69
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Pivovarova-Ramich O, Zimmermann HG, Paul F. Multiple sclerosis and circadian rhythms: Can diet act as a treatment? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13939. [PMID: 36700353 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with increasing incidence and prevalence. MS is associated with inflammatory and metabolic disturbances that, as preliminary human and animal data suggest, might be mediated by disruption of circadian rhythmicity. Nutrition habits can influence the risk for MS, and dietary interventions may be effective in modulating MS disease course. Chronotherapeutic approaches such as time-restricted eating (TRE) may benefit people with MS by stabilizing the circadian clock and restoring immunological and metabolic rhythms, thus potentially counteracting disease progression. This review provides a summary of selected studies on dietary intervention in MS, circadian rhythms, and their disruption in MS, including clock gene variations, circadian hormones, and retino-hypothalamic tract changes. Furthermore, we present studies that reported diurnal variations in MS, which might result from circadian disruption. And lastly, we suggest how chrononutritive approaches like TRE might counteract MS disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Gwendolyn Zimmermann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center Digital Future, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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70
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Mey GM, DeSilva TM. Utility of the visual system to monitor neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1125115. [PMID: 37063369 PMCID: PMC10090562 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1125115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration occurs early in the multiple sclerosis (MS) disease course and is an important driver of permanent disability. Current immunomodulatory therapies do not directly target neuronal health; thus, there is a critical need to develop neuroprotective strategies in MS. Outcome measures in clinical trials primarily evaluate disease activity and clinical disability scores rather than measures of neurodegeneration. The visual system provides a noninvasive correlate of brain atrophy and neuronal function through structural and functional exams. Furthermore, optic nerve axons and their respective neuronal cell bodies in the retina, in addition to their synaptic input to the thalamus, provide a distinct anatomy to investigate neurodegenerative processes. This review discusses the utility of the visual system as an early output measure of neurodegeneration in MS as well as an important platform to evaluate neuroprotective strategies in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara M. DeSilva
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Dadashkhan S, Mirmotalebisohi SA, Poursheykhi H, Sameni M, Ghani S, Abbasi M, Kalantari S, Zali H. Deciphering crucial genes in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and drug repurposing: A systems biology approach. J Proteomics 2023; 280:104890. [PMID: 36966969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
This study employed systems biology and high-throughput technologies to analyze complex molecular components of MS pathophysiology, combining data from multiple omics sources to identify potential biomarkers and propose therapeutic targets and repurposed drugs for MS treatment. This study analyzed GEO microarray datasets and MS proteomics data using geWorkbench, CTD, and COREMINE to identify differentially expressed genes associated with MS disease. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape and its plugins, and functional enrichment analysis was performed to identify crucial molecules. A drug-gene interaction network was also created using DGIdb to propose medications. This study identified 592 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with MS disease using GEO, proteomics, and text-mining datasets. 37 DEGs were found to be important by topographical network studies, and 6 were identified as the most significant for MS pathophysiology. Additionally, we proposed six drugs that target these key genes. Crucial molecules identified in this study were dysregulated in MS and likely play a key role in the disease mechanism, warranting further research. Additionally, we proposed repurposing certain FDA-approved drugs for MS treatment. Our in silico results were supported by previous experimental research on some of the target genes and drugs. SIGNIFICANCE: As the long-lasting investigations continue to discover new pathological territories in neurodegeneration, here we apply a systems biology approach to determine multiple sclerosis's molecular and pathophysiological origin and identify multiple sclerosis crucial genes that contribute to candidating new biomarkers and proposing new medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Dadashkhan
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany; Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Mirmotalebisohi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poursheykhi
- Department of New Scientist, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sameni
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ghani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sima Kalantari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Khaw YM, Anwar S, Zhou J, Kawano T, Lin P, Otero A, Barakat R, Drnevich J, Takahashi T, Ko CJ, Inoue M. Estrogen receptor alpha signaling in dendritic cells modulates autoimmune disease phenotype in mice. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e54228. [PMID: 36633157 PMCID: PMC9986829 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is a disease-modifying factor in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). However, the mechanisms by which ERα signaling contributes to changes in disease pathogenesis have not been completely elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that ERα deletion in dendritic cells (DCs) of mice induces severe neurodegeneration in the central nervous system in a mouse EAE model and resistance to interferon beta (IFNβ), a first-line MS treatment. Estrogen synthesized by extragonadal sources is crucial for controlling disease phenotypes. Mechanistically, activated ERα directly interacts with TRAF3, a TLR4 downstream signaling molecule, to degrade TRAF3 via ubiquitination, resulting in reduced IRF3 nuclear translocation and transcription of membrane lymphotoxin (mLT) and IFNβ components. Diminished ERα signaling in DCs generates neurotoxic effector CD4+ T cells via mLT-lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) signaling. Lymphotoxin beta receptor antagonist abolished EAE disease symptoms in the DC-specific ERα-deficient mice. These findings indicate that estrogen derived from extragonadal sources, such as lymph nodes, controls TRAF3-mediated cytokine production in DCs to modulate the EAE disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ming Khaw
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Shehata Anwar
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBeni‐Suef University (BSU)Beni‐SuefEgypt
| | - Jinyan Zhou
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Tasuku Kawano
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Po‐Ching Lin
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Ashley Otero
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Radwa Barakat
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityQalyubiaEgypt
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology CenterUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - CheMyong Jay Ko
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUrbanaILUSA
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Matuck B, Ferraz da Silva LF, Warner BM, Byrd KM. The need for integrated research autopsies in the era of precision oral medicine. J Am Dent Assoc 2023; 154:194-205. [PMID: 36710158 PMCID: PMC9974796 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autopsy has benefited the practice of medicine for centuries; however, its use to advance the practice of oral health care is relatively limited. In the era of precision oral medicine, the research autopsy is poised to play an important role in understanding oral-systemic health, including infectious disease, autoimmunity, craniofacial genetics, and cancer. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors reviewed relevant articles that used medical and dental research autopsies to summarize the advantages of minimally invasive autopsies of dental, oral, and craniofacial tissues and to outline practices for supporting research autopsies of the oral and craniofacial complex. RESULTS The authors provide a historical summary of research autopsy in dentistry and provide a perspective on the value of autopsies for high-resolution multiomic studies to benefit precision oral medicine. As the promise of high-resolution multiomics is being realized, there is a need to integrate the oral and craniofacial complex into the practice of autopsy in medicine. Furthermore, the collaboration of autopsy centers with researchers will accelerate the understanding of dental, oral, and craniofacial tissues as part of the whole body. CONCLUSIONS Autopsies must integrate oral and craniofacial tissues as part of biobanking procedures. As new technologies allow for high-resolution, multimodal phenotyping of human samples, using optimized sampling procedures will allow for unprecedented understanding of common and rare dental, oral, and craniofacial diseases in the future. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the oral cavity as a site for viral infection and transmission potential; this was only discovered via clinical autopsies. The realization of the integrated autopsy's value in full body health initiatives will benefit patients across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Matuck
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Blake M. Warner
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Matthew Byrd
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), Department of Innovation and Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Ransohoff RM. Multiple sclerosis: role of meningeal lymphoid aggregates in progression independent of relapse activity. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:266-275. [PMID: 36868982 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The emphasis on mechanisms driving multiple sclerosis (MS) symptomatic worsening suggests that we move beyond categorical clinical classifiers such as relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) and progressive MS (P-MS). Here, we focus on the clinical phenomenon progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), which begins early in the disease course. PIRA occurs throughout MS, becoming more phenotypically evident as patients age. The underlying mechanisms for PIRA include chronic-active demyelinating lesions (CALs), subpial cortical demyelination, and nerve fiber injury following demyelination. We propose that much of the tissue injury associated with PIRA is driven by autonomous meningeal lymphoid aggregates, present before disease onset and unresponsive to current therapeutics. Recently, specialized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has identified and characterized CALs as paramagnetic rim lesions in humans, enabling novel radiographic-biomarker-clinical correlations to further understand and treat PIRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Ransohoff
- Third Rock Ventures, Boston, MA, USA; Abata Therapeutics, 100 Forge Road, Suite 200, Boston, MA 02472, USA.
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75
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Charabati M, Wheeler MA, Weiner HL, Quintana FJ. Multiple sclerosis: Neuroimmune crosstalk and therapeutic targeting. Cell 2023; 186:1309-1327. [PMID: 37001498 PMCID: PMC10119687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune interactions between glial, neural, and immune cells play important roles in MS pathology and offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review underlying risk factors, mechanisms of MS pathogenesis, available disease modifying therapies, and examine the value of emerging technologies, which may address unmet clinical needs and identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Charabati
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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76
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Gallo D, Baci D, Kustrimovic N, Lanzo N, Patera B, Tanda ML, Piantanida E, Mortara L. How Does Vitamin D Affect Immune Cells Crosstalk in Autoimmune Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054689. [PMID: 36902117 PMCID: PMC10003699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that is highly involved in bone health. Mounting evidence revealed that, in addition to the regulation of mineral metabolism, vitamin D is implicated in cell proliferation and differentiation, vascular and muscular functions, and metabolic health. Since the discovery of vitamin D receptors in T cells, local production of active vitamin D was demonstrated in most immune cells, addressing the interest in the clinical implications of vitamin D status in immune surveillance against infections and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. T cells, together with B cells, are seen as the main immune cells involved in autoimmune diseases; however, growing interest is currently focused on immune cells of the innate compartment, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells in the initiation phases of autoimmunity. Here we reviewed recent advances in the onset and regulation of Graves' and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, vitiligo, and multiple sclerosis in relation to the role of innate immune cells and their crosstalk with vitamin D and acquired immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Denisa Baci
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Natasa Kustrimovic
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease—CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nicola Lanzo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Bohdan Patera
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Nogo-A and LINGO-1: Two Important Targets for Remyelination and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054479. [PMID: 36901909 PMCID: PMC10003089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes progressive neurological disability in most patients due to neurodegeneration. Activated immune cells infiltrate the CNS, triggering an inflammatory cascade that leads to demyelination and axonal injury. Non-inflammatory mechanisms are also involved in axonal degeneration, although they are not fully elucidated yet. Current therapies focus on immunosuppression; however, no therapies to promote regeneration, myelin repair, or maintenance are currently available. Two different negative regulators of myelination have been proposed as promising targets to induce remyelination and regeneration, namely the Nogo-A and LINGO-1 proteins. Although Nogo-A was first discovered as a potent neurite outgrowth inhibitor in the CNS, it has emerged as a multifunctional protein. It is involved in numerous developmental processes and is necessary for shaping and later maintaining CNS structure and functionality. However, the growth-restricting properties of Nogo-A have negative effects on CNS injury or disease. LINGO-1 is also an inhibitor of neurite outgrowth, axonal regeneration, oligodendrocyte differentiation, and myelin production. Inhibiting the actions of Nogo-A or LINGO-1 promotes remyelination both in vitro and in vivo, while Nogo-A or LINGO-1 antagonists have been suggested as promising therapeutic approaches for demyelinating diseases. In this review, we focus on these two negative regulators of myelination while also providing an overview of the available data on the effects of Nogo-A and LINGO-1 inhibition on oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination.
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Licht‐Mayer S, Campbell GR, Mehta AR, McGill K, Symonds A, Al‐Azki S, Pryce G, Zandee S, Zhao C, Kipp M, Smith KJ, Baker D, Altmann D, Anderton SM, Kap YS, Laman JD, 't Hart BA, Rodriguez M, Franklin RJM, Chandran S, Lassmann H, Trapp BD, Mahad DJ. Axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination and complex IV activity within demyelinated axons in experimental models of multiple sclerosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12851. [PMID: 36181265 PMCID: PMC10092519 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Axonal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental models is most frequently detected in acutely demyelinating lesions. We recently reported a compensatory neuronal response, where mitochondria move to the acutely demyelinated axon and increase the mitochondrial content following lysolecithin-induced demyelination. We termed this homeostatic phenomenon, which is also evident in MS, the axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination (ARMD). The aim of this study is to determine whether ARMD is consistently evident in experimental demyelination and how its perturbation relates to axonal injury. METHODS In the present study, we assessed axonal mitochondrial content as well as axonal mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV activity (cytochrome c oxidase or COX) of axons and related these to axonal injury in nine different experimental disease models. We used immunofluorescent histochemistry as well as sequential COX histochemistry followed by immunofluorescent labelling of mitochondria and axons. RESULTS We found ARMD a consistent and robust phenomenon in all experimental disease models. The increase in mitochondrial content within demyelinated axons, however, was not always accompanied by a proportionate increase in complex IV activity, particularly in highly inflammatory models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Axonal complex IV activity inversely correlated with the extent of axonal injury in experimental disease models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that ARMD is a consistent and prominent feature and emphasise the importance of complex IV activity in the context of ARMD, especially in autoimmune inflammatory demyelination, paving the way for the development of novel neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Licht‐Mayer
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Arpan R. Mehta
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Katie McGill
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Alex Symonds
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Sarah Al‐Azki
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Gareth Pryce
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome Trust‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical CentreUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of AnatomyRostock University Medical CenterRostockGermany
| | - Kenneth J. Smith
- Department of Neuroinflammation, The UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - David Baker
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Daniel Altmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of MedicineHammersmith CampusLondonUK
| | | | - Yolanda S. Kap
- Department of ImmunobiologyBiomedical Primate Research CentreRijswijkThe Netherlands
| | - Jon D. Laman
- Department of ImmunobiologyBiomedical Primate Research CentreRijswijkThe Netherlands
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology and MS Center Noord Nederland (MSCNN)University Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bert A. 't Hart
- Department of ImmunobiologyBiomedical Primate Research CentreRijswijkThe Netherlands
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology and MS Center Noord Nederland (MSCNN)University Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department Anatomy and NeuroscienceAmsterdam University Medical Center (VUMC)AmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology and ImmunologyMayo College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Robin J. M. Franklin
- Wellcome Trust‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical CentreUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bruce D. Trapp
- Department of NeuroscienceLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Don J. Mahad
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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Kalluri HV, Rosebraugh MR, Misko TP, Ziemann A, Liu W, Cree BAC. Phase 1 Evaluation of Elezanumab (Anti-Repulsive Guidance Molecule A Monoclonal Antibody) in Healthy and Multiple Sclerosis Participants. Ann Neurol 2023; 93:285-296. [PMID: 36093738 PMCID: PMC10100020 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to describe the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of elezanumab (ABT-555), a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa), in healthy and multiple sclerosis (MS) study participants. METHODS The single-center, first-in-human, single ascending dose (SAD) study evaluated elezanumab (50-1,600mg intravenous [IV] and 150mg subcutaneous) in 47 healthy men and women. The multicenter multiple ascending dose (MAD; NCT02601885) study evaluated elezanumab (150mg, 600mg, and 1,800mg) in 20 adult men and women with MS, receiving either maintenance or no immunomodulatory treatment. RESULTS No pattern of study drug-related adverse events was identified for either the SAD or MAD elezanumab regimens. Across both studies, the Tmax occurred within 4 hours of elezanumab IV infusion, and the harmonic mean of t1/2 ranged between 18.6 and 67.7 days. Following multiple dosing, elezanumab Cmax , area under the curve, and Ctrough increased dose-proportionally and resulted in dose-dependent increases in elezanumab cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations. Elezanumab CSF penetration was 0.1% to 0.4% across both studies, with CSF levels of free RGMa decreased by >40%. Changes in CSF interleukin-10 (IL-10) and free RGMa demonstrated dose/exposure-dependence. INTERPRETATION The elezanumab pharmacokinetic profile supports monthly, or bimonthly, administration of up to 1,800mg with the option of a loading dose of 3,600mg. Elezanumab partitioning into CSF is within the range expected for mAbs. Reduced CSF levels of free RGMa demonstrate central nervous system target binding of elezanumab with an apparent maximal effect at 1,800mg IV. Exposure-associated increases in CSF IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine with neuroprotective/neurorestorative properties, support potential pathway modulation in MS participants. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:285-296.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari V Kalluri
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | - Wei Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL
| | - Bruce A C Cree
- Weill Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Saladino ML, Gualtieri C, Scaffa M, Lopatin MF, Kohler E, Bruna P, Blaya P, Testa C, López G, Reyna M, Piedrabuena R, Mercante S, Barboza A, Cáceres FJ. Neuro rehabilitation effectiveness based on virtual reality and tele rehabilitation in people with multiple sclerosis in Argentina: Reavitelem study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 70:104499. [PMID: 36645996 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a new treatment approach in neurorehabilitation (NR). REAVITELEM Study is a specific NR intervention program based on VR at center (VRC) and tele-rehabilitation (TR) in Argentina. Methods First national multicenter study with a 12-week program intervention of VRC and TR. Participants were assessed at baseline, at 6th and 12th week. Phase I: recruitment and gather of 5 NR Centers from Argentina by the coordinator center (INEBA) to unify evaluation and intervention criteria. Phase II, all centers completed VRC an TR programs. Intervention was 30-minute session, twice a week for 12 weeks. Outcome measures: Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Fist and Key Pinch Dynamometry, Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen, Fatigue Severity Scale, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), International Questionnaire investigating Quality of life in MS (MusiQol) and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of satisfaction after treatment. Results A total of 54 PWMS (23 males) were recruited for VRC. Afterwards, 14 completed TR. The mean age for VRC was 44.72 (SD ± 13.74) and 41.71 (SD ± 10.5) for TR. The median EDSS was 4, 75 for VR. At VRC, 42 have RRMS, 8 have SPMS and 4 PPMS. At TR, 13 have RRMS and 1 have SPMS. The VAS reported an excellent level of satisfaction after treatment with an average of 9, 02 (SD±1.35) in VRC and 9.42 (SD±0.66) in TR. There were significant differences for MusiQol, which improved from baseline to the post-intervention assessment at VRC (p=<0.001) and at TR (p = 0.004) as well as FIM post-intervention assessment at VCR (p = 0.02) and TR (p = 0.04). Conclusion this study suggest that the NR treatment based on VR in MS in Argentina, is an additional effective tool, which favors improvements in the level of functioning in activities of daily living, quality of life, mood, and satisfaction with the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Saladino
- INERE Instituto de Neurociencias Restaurativas, CABA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carla Gualtieri
- INEBA, Instituto de neurociencias Buenos aires CABA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myriam Scaffa
- INEBA, Instituto de neurociencias Buenos aires CABA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando J Cáceres
- INERE Instituto de Neurociencias Restaurativas, CABA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ju C, Yuan F, Wang L, Zang C, Ning J, Shang M, Ma J, Li G, Yang Y, Chen Q, Jiang Y, Li F, Bao X, Zhang D. Inhibition of CXCR2 enhances CNS remyelination via modulating PDE10A/cAMP signaling pathway. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:105988. [PMID: 36603746 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.105988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) plays an important role in demyelinating diseases, but the detailed mechanisms were not yet clarified. In the present study, we mainly investigated the critical function and the potential molecular mechanisms of CXCR2 on oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and remyelination. The present study demonstrated that inhibiting CXCR2 significantly enhanced OPC differentiation and remyelination in primary cultured OPCs and ethidium bromide (EB)-intoxicated rats by facilitating the formation of myelin proteins, including PDGFRα, MBP, MAG, MOG, and Caspr. Further investigation identified phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) as a main downstream protein of CXCR2, interacting with the receptor to regulate OPC differentiation, in that inhibition of CXCR2 reduced PDE10A expression while suppression of PDE10A did not affect CXCR2. Furthermore, inhibition of PDE10A promoted OPC differentiation, whereas overexpression of PDE10A down-regulated OPC differentiation. Our data also revealed that inhibition of CXCR2/PDE10A activated the cAMP/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and up-regulated the expression of key transcription factors, including SOX10, OLIG2, MYRF, and ZFP24, that ultimately promoted remyelination and myelin protein biosynthesis. In conclusion, our findings suggested that inhibition of CXCR2 promoted OPC differentiation and enhanced remyelination by regulating PDE10A/cAMP/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The present data also highlighted that CXCR2 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of demyelination diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fangyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Caixia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingwen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meiyu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiuzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
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82
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Confirmation of CD19+ B-Lymphocyte Depletion Prior to Intake of the Second Dose of Ocrelizumab in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020353. [PMID: 36830890 PMCID: PMC9953738 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the retrospective study was to compare the immunophenotyping of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and natural killer cells before the administration of the first and the second dose of ocrelizumab in 22 patients with multiple sclerosis in a three-year period (2019-2021) at the Department of Neurology of the University Hospital of Split. The values of cell immunophenotyping and protein electrophoresis, as well as laboratory parameters, were investigated. There was no significant decrease in serum albumin and globulins before the second dose of ocrelizumab (p > 0,05). A decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes before administration of the second dose of ocrelizumab was observed, but without statistical significance (p = 0.274). Significant depletion occurred in median CD19+ B-lymphocytes (p < 0.001) before the intake of the second dose of ocrelizumab confirming the primary action of ocrelizumab on the B cell lineage.
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83
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Cuerda-Ballester M, Proaño B, Alarcón-Jimenez J, de Bernardo N, Villaron-Casales C, Lajara Romance JM, de la Rubia Ortí JE. Improvements in gait and balance in patients with multiple sclerosis after treatment with coconut oil and epigallocatechin gallate. A pilot study. Food Funct 2023; 14:1062-1071. [PMID: 36594273 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that progressively decreases the muscular and functional capacity. Thus, there is an alteration in the ability to walk that affects balance, speed and resistance. Since MS pathology involves neuroinflammation, cellular oxidation and mitochondrial alterations, the objective of the study was to assess the impact of a nutritional intervention with coconut oil and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on gait and balance. In order to do this, 51 patients with MS were enrolled and randomly distributed into an intervention group and a control group, which received either a daily dose of 800 mg of EGCG and 60 ml of coconut oil, or a placebo, all during a period of 4 months and which followed a Mediterranean isocaloric diet. Initial and final assessments consisted of the evaluation of quantitative balance (Berg scale), perceived balance (ABC scale), gait speed (10MWT) and resistance (2MWT). Besides, muscle strength was measured using a dynamometer and levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were measured in serum samples. In the intervention group, there was a significant improvement in the gait speed, quantitative balance and muscle strength of the right quadriceps; an improvement in gait resistance was observed in both groups. There were also significant and positive correlations between balance and gait scales. In conclusion, the administration of EGCG and coconut oil seems to improve gait speed and balance in MS patients, although the latter was not perceived by them. Furthermore, these variables appear to be related and contribute to functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cuerda-Ballester
- Doctoral Degree School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Belén Proaño
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Espartero, 7, 46007 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jorge Alarcón-Jimenez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Nieves de Bernardo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Villaron-Casales
- Department of Physiotherapy, European University of Valencia, Avda/Alameda, 7, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - José María Lajara Romance
- Department of Law, Economical and Social Sciences, Multimedia Area, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro, 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain.
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84
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Myelinodegeneration vs. Neurodegeneration in MS Progressive Forms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021596. [PMID: 36675111 PMCID: PMC9864662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In MS patients with a progressive form of the disease, the slow deterioration of neurological functions is thought to result from a combination of neuronal cell death, axonal damages and synaptic dysfunctions [...].
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85
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Lassetter AP, Corty MM, Barria R, Sheehan AE, Hill JQ, Aicher SA, Fox AN, Freeman MR. Glial TGFβ activity promotes neuron survival in peripheral nerves. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202111053. [PMID: 36399182 PMCID: PMC9679965 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining long, energetically demanding axons throughout the life of an animal is a major challenge for the nervous system. Specialized glia ensheathe axons and support their function and integrity throughout life, but glial support mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we identified a collection of secreted and transmembrane molecules required in glia for long-term axon survival in vivo. We showed that the majority of components of the TGFβ superfamily are required in glia for sensory neuron maintenance but not glial ensheathment of axons. In the absence of glial TGFβ signaling, neurons undergo age-dependent degeneration that can be rescued either by genetic blockade of Wallerian degeneration or caspase-dependent death. Blockade of glial TGFβ signaling results in increased ATP in glia that can be mimicked by enhancing glial mitochondrial biogenesis or suppressing glial monocarboxylate transporter function. We propose that glial TGFβ signaling supports axon survival and suppresses neurodegeneration through promoting glial metabolic support of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan M. Corty
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Romina Barria
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Amy E. Sheehan
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jo Q. Hill
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Sue A. Aicher
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - A. Nicole Fox
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Marc R. Freeman
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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86
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Bian Z, Hu X, Liu X, Yu H, Bian Y, Sun H, Fukui Y, Morihara R, Ishiura H, Yamashita T. Protective Effects of Rivaroxaban on White Matter Integrity and Remyelination in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Combined with Cerebral Hypoperfusion. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:609-622. [PMID: 37840489 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive dysfunction and memory loss that is accompanied by pathological changes to white matter. Some clinical and animal research revealed that AD combined with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) exacerbates AD progression by inducing blood-brain barrier dysfunction and fibrinogen deposition. Rivaroxaban, an anticoagulant, has been shown to reduce the rates of dementia in atrial fibrillation patients, but its effects on white matter and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect of rivaroxaban on the white matter of AD+CCH mice. METHODS In this study, the therapeutic effects of rivaroxaban on white matter in a mouse AD+CCH model were investigated to explore the potential mechanisms involving fibrinogen deposition, inflammation, and oxidative stress on remyelination in white matter. RESULTS The results indicate that rivaroxaban significantly attenuated fibrinogen deposition, fibrinogen-related microglia activation, oxidative stress, and enhanced demyelination in AD+CCH mice, leading to improved white matter integrity, reduced axonal damage, and restored myelin loss. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that long-term administration of rivaroxaban might reduce the risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Bian
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xinran Hu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuting Bian
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hongming Sun
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fukui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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87
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Samtani G, Kim S, Michaud D, Hillhouse AE, Szule JA, Konganti K, Li J. Brain region dependent molecular signatures and myelin repair following chronic demyelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1169786. [PMID: 37180951 PMCID: PMC10171432 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1169786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, characterized by myelin destruction, axonal degeneration, and progressive loss of neurological functions. Remyelination is considered an axonal protection strategy and may enable functional recovery, but the mechanisms of myelin repair, especially after chronic demyelination, remain poorly understood. Here, we used the cuprizone demyelination mouse model to investigate spatiotemporal characteristics of acute and chronic de- and remyelination and motor functional recovery following chronic demyelination. Extensive remyelination occurred after both the acute and chronic insults, but with less robust glial responses and slower myelin recovery in the chronic phase. Axonal damage was found at the ultrastructural level in the chronically demyelinated corpus callosum and in remyelinated axons in the somatosensory cortex. Unexpectedly, we observed the development of functional motor deficits after chronic remyelination. RNA sequencing of isolated brain regions revealed significantly altered transcripts across the corpus callosum, cortex and hippocampus. Pathway analysis identified selective upregulation of extracellular matrix/collagen pathways and synaptic signaling in the chronically de/remyelinating white matter. Our study demonstrates regional differences of intrinsic reparative mechanisms after a chronic demyelinating insult and suggests a potential link between long-term motor function alterations and continued axonal damage during chronic remyelination. Moreover, the transcriptome dataset of three brain regions and over an extended de/remyelination period provides a valuable platform for a better understanding of the mechanisms of myelin repair as well as the identification of potential targets for effective remyelination and neuroprotection for progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Samtani
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sunja Kim
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Danielle Michaud
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Andrew E. Hillhouse
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Joseph A. Szule
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jianrong Li
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jianrong Li,
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88
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Teriflunomide Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pharmacokinetic Study. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:181-188. [PMID: 36729276 PMCID: PMC9911485 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-023-00985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teriflunomide is a disease modifying treatment (DMT) approved for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in adults and children. It reduces lymphocyte proliferation by inhibiting the mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and thereby the pyrimidine synthesis. Although most DMTs in multiple sclerosis (MS) modulate or inhibit the immune system in the periphery, the efficacy may improve if the agent also targets immune activity within the central nervous system (CNS), acts as a neuro-protective and enhances neuro-regeneration. The objective of this study was to determine the passage of teriflunomide over the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). METHODS Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) teriflunomide concentrations were determined at steady state in 12 patients with RRMS, treated with oral teriflunomide 14 mg once daily. Included patients were all clinically stable without relapse or disability worsening within 6 months prior from baseline and were on no other immune modulating or immunosuppressive drugs. RESULTS The mean teriflunomide concentrations in plasma and CSF were 38775 (SEM ± 7256) ng/mL and 68 (SEM ± 15) ng/mL, respectively. The passage over the BCSFB was 0.17 % (SEM ± 0.01). While no correlation was found between the function of the BCSFB assessed with the albumin ratio and the CSF teriflunomide concentration, the CSF and plasma teriflunomide concentrations were highly correlated (rs = 0.90, < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Further studies are warranted to determine if the obtained CSF teriflunomide concentration reflects that in the CNS and is able to influence inflammatory and degenerative processes within the CNS.
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89
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Cholesterol pathway biomarkers are associated with neuropsychological measures in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 69:104374. [PMID: 36403378 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment (CI) is frequent in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and is linked to neurodegeneration. Cholesterol pathway biomarkers (CPB) are associated with blood-brain barrier breakdown, lesions, and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). CPB could influence CI. METHODS This cross-sectional study (n = 163) included 74 relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS), 48 progressive MS (P-MS) and 41 healthy control (HC) subjects. The assessed physical disability and cognitive measures were: Nine-hole Peg Test (NHPT), Timed 25-Foot Walk, Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test-3, and Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen. CPB panel included plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the apolipoproteins (Apo), ApoA-I, ApoA-II, ApoB, ApoC-II and ApoE. Disability and cognitive measures were assessed as dependent variables in regression analyzes with age, sex, body mass index, years of education, HC vs. RR-MS vs. P-MS status, CPB, and a HC vs. RR-MS vs. P-MS status × CPB interaction term as predictors. RESULTS SDMT was associated with the interaction terms for HDL-C (p = 0.045), ApoA-I (p = 0.032), ApoB (p = 0.032), TC/HDL-C (p = 0.013), and ApoB/ApoA-I (p = 0.008) ratios. CPB associations of SDMT were not abrogated upon adjusting for brain parenchymal volume. NHPT performance was associated with the interaction terms for TC (p = 0.047), LDL-C (p = 0.017), ApoB (p = 0.001), HDL-C (p = 0.035), ApoA-I (p = 0.032), ApoC-II (p = 0.049) and ApoE (p = 0.037), TC/HDL-C (p < 0.001), and ApoB/ApoA-I ratios (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The LDL to HDL proportion is associated with SDMT and NHPT in MS. The findings are consistent with a potential role for CPB in CI.
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90
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Mey GM, Mahajan KR, DeSilva TM. Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1583. [PMID: 35948371 PMCID: PMC9839517 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Axonal loss in multiple sclerosis (MS) is a key component of disease progression and permanent neurologic disability. MS is a heterogeneous demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with varying presentation, disease courses, and prognosis. Immunomodulatory therapies reduce the frequency and severity of inflammatory demyelinating events that are a hallmark of MS, but there is minimal therapy to treat progressive disease and there is no cure. Data from patients with MS, post-mortem histological analysis, and animal models of demyelinating disease have elucidated patterns of MS pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration. MRI and molecular biomarkers have been proposed to identify predictors of neurodegeneration and risk factors for disease progression. Early signs of axonal dysfunction have come to light including impaired mitochondrial trafficking, structural axonal changes, and synaptic alterations. With sustained inflammation as well as impaired remyelination, axons succumb to degeneration contributing to CNS atrophy and worsening of disease. These studies highlight the role of chronic demyelination in the CNS in perpetuating axonal loss, and the difficulty in promoting remyelination and repair amidst persistent inflammatory insult. Regenerative and neuroprotective strategies are essential to overcome this barrier, with early intervention being critical to rescue axonal integrity and function. The clinical and basic research studies discussed in this review have set the stage for identifying key propagators of neurodegeneration in MS, leading the way for neuroprotective therapeutic development. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M. Mey
- Department of NeurosciencesLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Kedar R. Mahajan
- Department of NeurosciencesLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Mellen Center for MS Treatment and ResearchNeurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Tara M. DeSilva
- Department of NeurosciencesLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
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91
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Cis-p-tau plays crucial role in lysolecithin-induced demyelination and subsequent axonopathy in mouse optic chiasm. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114262. [PMID: 36343678 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease that leads to axon degeneration as the major cause of everlasting neurological disability. The cis-phosphorylated tau (cis-p-tau) is an isoform of tau phosphorylated on threonine 231 and causes tau fails to bind micro-tubules and promotes assembly. It gains toxic function and forms tangles in the cell which finally leads to cell death. An antibody raised against cis- p-tau (cis mAb) detects this isoform and induces its clearance. Here, we investigated the formation of cis-p-tau in a lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced prolonged demyelination model as well as the beneficial effects of its clearance using cis mAb. Cis -p-tau was increased in the lesion site, especially in axons and microglia. Behavioral and functional studies were performed using visual cliff test, visual placing test, and visual evoked potential recording. Cis-p-tau clearance resulted in decreased gliosis, protected myelin and reduced axon degeneration. Analysis of behavioral and electrophysiological data showed that clearance of cis-p-tau by cis mAb treatment improved the visual acuity along with the integrity of the optic pathway. Our results highlight the opportunity of using cis mAb as a new therapy for protecting myelin and axons in patients suffering from MS.
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92
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Zetterberg H, Teunissen C, van Swieten J, Kuhle J, Boxer A, Rohrer JD, Mitic L, Nicholson AM, Pearlman R, McCaughey SM, Tatton N. The role of neurofilament light in genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcac310. [PMID: 36694576 PMCID: PMC9866262 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration caused by autosomal dominant gene mutations provides an opportunity for targeted drug development in a highly complex and clinically heterogeneous dementia. These neurodegenerative disorders can affect adults in their middle years, progress quickly relative to other dementias, are uniformly fatal and have no approved disease-modifying treatments. Frontotemporal dementia, caused by mutations in the GRN gene which encodes the protein progranulin, is an active area of interventional drug trials that are testing multiple strategies to restore progranulin protein deficiency. These and other trials are also examining neurofilament light as a potential biomarker of disease activity and disease progression and as a therapeutic endpoint based on the assumption that cerebrospinal fluid and blood neurofilament light levels are a surrogate for neuroaxonal damage. Reports from genetic frontotemporal dementia longitudinal studies indicate that elevated concentrations of blood neurofilament light reflect disease severity and are associated with faster brain atrophy. To better inform patient stratification and treatment response in current and upcoming clinical trials, a more nuanced interpretation of neurofilament light as a biomarker of neurodegeneration is now required, one that takes into account its relationship to other pathophysiological and topographic biomarkers of disease progression from early presymptomatic to later clinically symptomatic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.,DRI Fluid Biomarker Laboratory, Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Department of Clinical Research, Department of Neurology, Department of Biomedicine, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Queen Square UCL Institute of Neurology, Dementia Research Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Mitic
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Bluefield Project to Cure FTD, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra M Nicholson
- The Bluefield Project to Cure FTD, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Nadine Tatton
- Medical Affairs, Alector, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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93
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Neurofilament light chains in serum as biomarkers of axonal damage in early MS lesions: a histological-serological correlative study. J Neurol 2023; 270:1416-1429. [PMID: 36372867 PMCID: PMC9971126 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease associated with axonal injury, and neurofilament light chains in serum (sNfL) are considered a biomarker for this damage. We aimed to investigate the relationship between sNfL and the axonal damage in early MS lesions in a special cohort of biopsied patients. sNfL from 106 biopsied patients with 26 follow-up samples were analyzed using single-molecule array (SiMoA) technology. Findings were correlated with clinical parameters and histological findings of acute axonal damage (APP-positive spheroids) and axonal loss in different lesion stages. A median of 59 pg/ml sNfL was found (range 8-3101 pg/ml). sNfL levels correlated with APP-positive spheroids in early active demyelinating lesions that represent the earliest lesion stages (p < 0.01). A significant negative correlation between sNfL levels in follow-up blood samples and axonal density in normal-appearing white matter was also observed (p = 0.02). sNfL levels correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Score at biopsy (p < 0.01, r = 0.49) and at last clinical follow-up (p < 0.01, r = 0.66). In conclusion, sNfL likely represent a compound measure of recent and ongoing neuroaxonal damage. We found that sNfL in biopsied MS patients correlate with acute axonal damage in the earliest MS lesion stages. Determination of sNfL levels thus allows insight into brain pathology and underlines the relevance of relapse-associated lesional pathology. Axonal loss in normal-appearing white matter contributes to sNfL levels independent of relapses. Since sNfL levels correlate with clinical disability, they may predict the future disability of patients and help with individual treatment decisions.
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94
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Selective vulnerability of brainstem and cervical spinal cord regions in people with non-progressive multiple sclerosis of Black or African American and European ancestry. Mult Scler 2022; 29:691-701. [PMID: 36507671 DOI: 10.1177/13524585221139575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: We evaluated imaging features suggestive of neurodegeneration within the brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord (UCSC) in non-progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Standardized 3-Tesla three-dimensional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were prospectively acquired. Rates of change in volume, surface texture, curvature were quantified at the pons and medulla-UCSC. Whole and regional brain volumes and T2-weighted lesion volumes were also quantified. Independent regression models were constructed to evaluate differences between those of Black or African ancestry (B/AA) and European ancestry (EA) with non-progressive MS. Results: 209 people with MS (pwMS) having at least two MRI studies, 29% possessing 3–6 timepoints, resulted in 487 scans for analysis. Median follow-up time between MRI timepoints was 1.33 (25th–75th percentile: 0.51–1.98) years. Of 183 non-progressive pwMS, 88 and 95 self-reported being B/AA and EA, respectively. Non-progressive pwMS demonstrated greater rates of decline in pontine volume ( p < 0.0001) in B/AA and in medulla-UCSC volume ( p < 0.0001) for EA pwMS. Longitudinal surface texture and curvature changes suggesting reduced tissue integrity were observed at the ventral medulla-UCSC ( p < 0.001), dorsal pons ( p < 0.0001) and dorsal medulla ( p < 0.0001) but not the ventral pons ( p = 0.92) between groups. Conclusions: Selectively vulnerable regions within the brainstem-UCSC may allow for more personalized approaches to disease surveillance and management.
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95
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The Role of Epigenetics in Neuroinflammatory-Driven Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315218. [PMID: 36499544 PMCID: PMC9740629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of central and/or peripheral nervous system neurons. Within this context, neuroinflammation comes up as one of the main factors linked to neurodegeneration progression. In fact, neuroinflammation has been recognized as an outstanding factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Interestingly, neuroinflammatory diseases are characterized by dramatic changes in the epigenetic profile, which might provide novel prognostic and therapeutic factors towards neuroinflammatory treatment. Deep changes in DNA and histone methylation, along with histone acetylation and altered non-coding RNA expression, have been reported at the onset of inflammatory diseases. The aim of this work is to review the current knowledge on this field.
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96
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Chiaravalloti ND, Weber E, Dobryakova E, Botticello A, Goverover Y, Moore NB, DeLuca J. Kessler Foundation Strategy-Based Training to Enhance Memory (KF-STEM™): Study protocol for a single site double-blind randomized, clinical trial in Multiple Sclerosis. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 30:101026. [PMID: 36387993 PMCID: PMC9641172 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
New learning and memory impairments are common in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and negatively impact everyday life, including occupational and social functioning. Despite the demand for learning and memory treatments, few cognitive rehabilitation protocols are supported by Class I research evidence, limiting the degree to which effective treatments may be utilized with persons with MS. The present double-blind, placebo controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT) examines the efficacy of an 8-session cognitive rehabilitation protocol encompassing training in the application of three strategies with the strongest empirical evidence (self-generation, spaced learning and retrieval practice) to treat impaired learning and memory in persons with MS, Kessler Foundation Strategy-based Training to Enhance Memory (KF-STEM™). A sample of 120 participants with clinically definite MS who have impairments in new learning and memory will be enrolled. Outcomes will be assessed via three mechanisms, an Assessment of Global Functioning, which examines everyday functioning and quality of life, a Neuropsychological Evaluation to examine objective cognitive performance, and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to examine the impact of treatment on patterns of cerebral activation. We will additionally evaluate the longer-term efficacy of KF-STEM™ on everyday functioning and neuropsychological assessment through a 6-month follow-up evaluation and evaluate the impact of booster sessions in maintaining the treatment effect over time. The methodologically rigorous design of the current study will provide Class I evidence for the KF-STEM™ treatment protocol for persons with MS.
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97
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Berg RC, Menegaux A, Amthor T, Gilbert G, Mora M, Schlaeger S, Pongratz V, Lauerer M, Sorg C, Doneva M, Vavasour I, Mühlau M, Preibisch C. Comparing myelin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging measures and resulting g-ratios in healthy and multiple sclerosis brains. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119750. [PMID: 36379421 PMCID: PMC9931395 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The myelin concentration and the degree of myelination of nerve fibers can provide valuable information on the integrity of human brain tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of myelin-sensitive parameters can help to non-invasively evaluate demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Several different myelin-sensitive MRI methods have been proposed to determine measures of the degree of myelination, in particular the g-ratio. However, variability in underlying physical principles and different biological models influence measured myelin concentrations, and consequently g-ratio values. We therefore investigated similarities and differences between five different myelin-sensitive MRI measures and their effects on g-ratio mapping in the brains of both MS patients and healthy volunteers. We compared two different estimates of the myelin water fraction (MWF) as well as the inhomogeneous magnetization transfer ratio (ihMTR), magnetization transfer saturation (MTsat), and macromolecular tissue volume (MTV) in 13 patients with MS and 14 healthy controls. In combination with diffusion-weighted imaging, we derived g-ratio parameter maps for each of the five different myelin measures. The g-ratio values calculated from different myelin measures varied strongly, especially in MS lesions. While, compared to normal-appearing white matter, MTsat and one estimate of the MWF resulted in higher g-ratio values within lesions, ihMTR, MTV, and the second MWF estimate resulted in lower lesion g-ratio values. As myelin-sensitive measures provide rough estimates of myelin content rather than absolute myelin concentrations, resulting g-ratio values strongly depend on the utilized myelin measure and model used for g-ratio mapping. When comparing g-ratio values, it is, thus, important to utilize the same MRI methods and models or to consider methodological differences. Particular caution is necessary in pathological tissue such as MS lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja C. Berg
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Munich, Germany,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany,Corresponding author at: Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Germany. (R.C. Berg)
| | - Aurore Menegaux
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Munich, Germany,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, TUM Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Maria Mora
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Schlaeger
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Viola Pongratz
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, TUM Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Lauerer
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, TUM Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Munich, Germany,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, TUM Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Irene Vavasour
- University of British Columbia, Department of Radiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark Mühlau
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, TUM Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Preibisch
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Munich, Germany,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, TUM Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany
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98
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Shosha E, Burton JM. Discussing the potential for progression with patients newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis: When, how, and why? Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 68:104230. [PMID: 36240704 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite convergent evidence that upwards of 50% of patients with MS transition from a relapsing to progressive phase within 20 years of disease onset, and the recent acknowledgement of the commonality of progression independent of relapses, there remains no consensus regarding the nature and timing of a discussion about the possibility of a secondary progressive phase with relapsing-remitting MS patients. Some neurologists prefer to conduct this at the inaugural visit to provide more information about disease behaviour and potential planning that might entail, while others may defer any discussion about this phase, as there is no clear consensus for it and it can be a sensitive topic, with concern that too early a discussion could worsen anxiety and discourage or delay decisions regarding disease modifying treatments. Furthermore, it is unknown at onset which patients will transition to a progressive phenotype. This review and opinion paper will outline some of the opportunities and challenges associated with such a disclosure, and attempt to provide a balanced, patient-centred approach to address this delicate topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Shosha
- Neurology division, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Science Center, 237 Barton st, E, Room 436, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada.
| | - Jodie M Burton
- Department of clinical Neurosciences and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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99
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Filley CM. White matter dementia then… and now. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1043583. [PMID: 36479053 PMCID: PMC9721363 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1043583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
White matter dementia (WMD) is a concept introduced in 1988 to highlight the importance of white matter pathology in producing cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Whereas gray matter, particularly the cerebral cortex, has been primarily investigated in the dementias, subcortical pathology has long been correlated with cognitive loss, and a corticocentric perspective cannot account for the full range of neurobehavioral disorders. Within the subcortical regions, white matter is prominent, accounting for about half the volume of the adult brain, and many white matter diseases, injuries, and intoxications can produce cognitive dysfunction so severe as to justify the term dementia. Recognition of this novel syndrome relied heavily on the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that permitted in vivo visualization of white matter lesions. Neuropsychological studies clarified the clinical presentation of WMD by identifying a profile dominated by cognitive slowing and executive dysfunction, and a precursor syndrome of mild cognitive dysfunction was proposed to identify early cognitive impairment that may later evolve to WMD. As knowledge advanced, the role of white matter in structural connectivity within distributed neural networks was elucidated. In addition, highlighting the frequent commingling of gray and white matter involvement, white matter pathology was associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, with potentially transformative clinical implications. In particular, preventive measures and treatments exploiting white matter restoration and plasticity are gaining much attention. Today, WMD has matured into a concept that not only integrates knowledge from across the spectrum of clinical neuroscience, but also informs new investigations into many perplexing disorders and enables a more complete understanding of brain-behavior relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Filley
- Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Marcus Institute for Brain Health, Aurora, CO, United States
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100
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Bratkowski M, Burdett TC, Danao J, Wang X, Mathur P, Gu W, Beckstead JA, Talreja S, Yang YS, Danko G, Park JH, Walton M, Brown SP, Tegley CM, Joseph PRB, Reynolds CH, Sambashivan S. Uncompetitive, adduct-forming SARM1 inhibitors are neuroprotective in preclinical models of nerve injury and disease. Neuron 2022; 110:3711-3726.e16. [PMID: 36087583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Axon degeneration is an early pathological event in many neurological diseases. The identification of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) hydrolase SARM1 as a central metabolic sensor and axon executioner presents an exciting opportunity to develop novel neuroprotective therapies that can prevent or halt the degenerative process, yet limited progress has been made on advancing efficacious inhibitors. We describe a class of NAD-dependent active-site SARM1 inhibitors that function by intercepting NAD hydrolysis and undergoing covalent conjugation with the reaction product adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR). The resulting small-molecule ADPR adducts are highly potent and confer compelling neuroprotection in preclinical models of neurological injury and disease, validating this mode of inhibition as a viable therapeutic strategy. Additionally, we show that the most potent inhibitor of CD38, a related NAD hydrolase, also functions by the same mechanism, further underscoring the broader applicability of this mechanism in developing therapies against this class of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas C Burdett
- Biology Department, Nura Bio Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jean Danao
- Biology Department, Nura Bio Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xidao Wang
- Biology Department, Nura Bio Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Prakhyat Mathur
- Biology Department, Nura Bio Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Weijing Gu
- Biology Department, Nura Bio Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Santosh Talreja
- Biology Department, Nura Bio Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yu-San Yang
- Biology Department, Nura Bio Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gregory Danko
- Biology Department, Nura Bio Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Biology Department, Nura Bio Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mary Walton
- Chemistry Department, Nura Bio Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sean P Brown
- Chemistry Department, Nura Bio Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Prem Raj B Joseph
- WuXi AppTec, Research Services Division, 6 Cedarbrook Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA
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