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Han HH, Rui M, Yang Y, Cui JF, Huang XT, Zhang SJ, He SM, Wang DD, Chen X. The Impact of Spironolactone Co-administration on Cyclosporin Initial Dosage Optimization for Pediatric Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:CPD-EPUB-139832. [PMID: 38639271 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128307797240416053723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cyclosporin has been used for the treatment of pediatric refractory nephrotic syndrome (PRNS). However, the narrow therapeutic window and large pharmacokinetic variability make it difficult to individualize cyclosporin administration. Meanwhile, spironolactone has been reported to affect cyclosporin metabolism in PRNS patients. This study aims to explore the initial dosage optimization of cyclosporin in PRNS based on the impact of spironolactone co-administration. METHODS Monte Carlo simulation based on a previously established cyclosporin population pharmacokinetic model for PRNS was used to design cyclosporin dosing regimen. RESULTS In this study, the probability of drug concentration reaching the target and the convenience of times of administration were considered comprehensively. The optimal administration regimen in PRNS without spironolactone was 6, 5, 4 and 3 mg/kg cyclosporin split into two doses for the body weight of 5-8, 8-18, 18-46 and 46-70 kg, respectively. The optimal administration regimen in PRNS with spironolactone was 4, 3, 2 mg/kg cyclosporin split into two doses for body weight of 5-14, 14-65, and 65-70 kg, respectively. CONCLUSION The cyclosporin dosing regimen for PRNS based on Monte Carlo simulation was systematically developed and the initial dosage optimization of cyclosporin in PRNS was recommended for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Min Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Jia-Fang Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy & School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xue-Ting Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy & School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Shi-Jia Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy & School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Su-Mei He
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy & School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
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Vitali F, Rath T, Klenske E, Vögele AL, Ganzleben I, Zundler S, Strobel D, Geppert C, Hartmann A, Neurath MF, Atreya R. Long-term outcomes of cyclosporin induction and ustekinumab maintenance combination therapy in patients with steroid-refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 17:17562848231218555. [PMID: 38164363 PMCID: PMC10757791 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231218555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Effective management of patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a major challenge and there remains a paucity of available maintenance treatment options after efficacious cyclosporin induction therapy. Objectives We investigated the long-term effectiveness and safety of cyclosporin and ustekinumab combination therapy in patients with steroid refractory ASUC. Design Monocentric, prospective study. Methods We included patients with steroid refractory ASUC with multiple failed prior advanced therapies, who were treated with cyclosporin and ustekinumab combination therapy. Results Among the 11 included patients, 10 had prior failure to infliximab and 8 failed at least three previous biological therapies. The mean baseline Mayo and Lichtiger scores were 10.9 (9-12) and 13.3 (11-14), respectively. Ustekinumab was initiated 3.2 weeks (1-8) after initiation of cyclosporin treatment and combination therapy was continued for a mean of 11.5 (4-20) weeks. Clinical response was achieved in six patients at week 16 and clinical steroid-free clinical remission in five patients at week 48. Endoscopic remission was achieved in five patients at week 16 and together with histological remission in five patients at week 52. Intestinal ultrasound demonstrated mean bowel wall thickening in the sigmoid colon of 5.5 mm at baseline and 3.5 mm at week 52, respectively. Two patients had to undergo colectomy (mean 4.5 months, range 3-6) and three stopped ustekinumab therapy due to ineffectiveness. Overall, combination therapy was well tolerated. Conclusion Combination of cyclosporin and ustekinumab therapy allowed nearly half of ASUC patients to reach clinical and endoscopic remission after 52 weeks, warranting further studies. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vitali
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Rath
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Entcho Klenske
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Vögele
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Ganzleben
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Deike Strobel
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen 91054, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Clark N, MacIsaac M, Little R, Vogrin S, Harrison M, Tiang T, Keck J, Johnston M, Cunningham G, Wright E, Connell W. Have changing practices in salvage medical options affected colectomy rates in acute severe ulcerative colitis? Intern Med J 2023; 53:2231-2239. [PMID: 36916208 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2014, infliximab (IFX) was listed on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme for acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) and is now the preferred option for medical salvage, superseding cyclosporin A (CsA). Optimal dosing schedules for IFX remain unknown. AIM The authors aim to evaluate the effect of changing from predominantly CsA to almost exclusively IFX for the treatment of steroid-refractory ASUC on colectomy rates. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of patients admitted with ASUC between 2012 and 2020. Patients were categorised into two groups according to year of presentation - either 'historical treatment' cohort (2012-2014), when CsA was primarily used, or 'contemporary treatment' cohort (2014-2020), when IFX was mostly prescribed, in either standard or intensive doses. RESULTS One hundred thirty-nine patients were included; 37 in the historical treatment cohort and 102 in the contemporary treatment cohort. In the historical treatment cohort, 12 of 37 received salvage therapy and eight (67%) received CsA. In the contemporary treatment cohort, 49 of 102 patients received salvage therapy, 40 (82%) with IFX, of whom 22 (53%) received intensified doses. Colectomy rates were similar at 30 days, 6 months and 12 months between historical and contemporary treatment cohorts (14% vs 12% [P = 0.77], 19% vs 18% [P > 0.99],and 22% vs 18% [P = 0.63], respectively). Difference in 12-month colectomy rates between standard versus intensive IFX did not meet statistical significance (three of 21 [14%] vs nine of 22 [41%]. respectively; P = 0.09). CONCLUSION There was no difference in 30-day, 6-month or 12-month colectomy rates between the historical treatment and contemporary treatment cohorts. The use of IFX, rather than CsA, even at intensified dosing, does not appear to reduce the colectomy rate observed in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Clark
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael MacIsaac
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Little
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash University, Monash Health, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Harrison
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Tiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Keck
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Johnston
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina Cunningham
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Wright
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Connell
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Gu G, Zhou T, Zong Z, Zhang J. Development of a predictive nomogram for switching immunosuppressive drugs in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1226816. [PMID: 37928356 PMCID: PMC10620798 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1226816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tacrolimus (TAC) is the preferred calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) for pediatric liver transplant recipients. However, some recipients may not achieve the desired therapeutic window concentration of TAC, leading to poor prognosis. This study aimed to develop a clinical model that can predict the effectiveness of TAC in pediatric liver transplant recipients and help clinicians quickly identify cyclosporin as an alternative. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 2,032 pediatric liver transplant recipients who underwent surgery at Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between 2006 and 2019. Demographic, comorbidity and pre-operative laboratory data were collected, and a nomogram was constructed using multivariate logistic regression analysis to estimate the risk of poor therapeutic outcomes for TAC-based immunosuppression. Results The constructed nomogram included seven parameters, namely recipient CYP3A4 genotype, pre-transplant cholangitis, GRWR, spleen long diameter, serum albumin, graft volume reduction, and donor CYP genotype. The nomogram showed good discriminative ability with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 74.5% and good calibration. Decision curve analysis indicated a high potential clinical application of the model. Conclusion This simple clinical model effectively predicts the risk of poor therapeutic outcomes in pediatric liver transplant recipients who receive TAC-based immunosuppression. Clinicians can use the model to identify cyclosporin as an alternative quickly, potentially improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxiang Gu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Sun Yet-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Zong
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Li Wai Suen CFD, Seah D, Choy MC, De Cruz P. Factors Associated With Response to Rescue Therapy in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023:izad183. [PMID: 37725044 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a medical emergency for which colectomy is required in patients who do not respond to rescue therapy. While previous studies have predominantly focused on predicting outcome to first-line corticosteroid therapy, there is a need to understand the factors associated with response to rescue therapies in order to improve clinical outcomes. We reviewed the evidence regarding factors associated with response to rescue therapy in adults with ASUC and identified future directions for research. METHODS A systematic search of the literature was conducted, and 2 reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion. RESULTS Of 3509 records screened, 101 completed studies were eligible for inclusion. We identified 42 clinical, hematological, biochemical, endoscopic, or pharmacological factors associated with response to rescue therapy. Older age (≥50 years), thiopurine experience, and cytomegalovirus or Clostridioides difficile infection were associated with a higher risk of nonresponse to rescue therapy. Biochemical factors associated with poorer response included an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥30mg/L on admission, hypoalbuminemia and an elevated ratio of CRP to albumin. Severe endoscopic findings, including a Mayo endoscopic score of 3 or Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity ≥5, portended poorer outcomes. The role of fecal calprotectin and therapeutic value of measuring infliximab drug levels in ASUC remain to be defined. CONCLUSIONS Response to rescue therapy can be predicted by several specific factors, which would aid clinical decision-making. Existing and emerging factors should be integrated within predictive and prognostic models to help improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F D Li Wai Suen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Austin Academic Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dean Seah
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew C Choy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Austin Academic Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter De Cruz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Austin Academic Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Chen S, Harris M. Mutational analysis reveals a novel role for hepatitis C virus NS5A domain I in cyclophilin-dependent genome replication. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:10.1099/jgv.0.001886. [PMID: 37672027 PMCID: PMC7615712 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A protein is comprised of three domains (D1-3). Previously, we observed that two alanine substitutions in D1 (V67A, P145A) abrogated replication of a genotype 2a isolate (JFH-1) sub-genomic replicon (SGR) in Huh7 cells, but this phenotype was partially restored in Huh7.5 cells. Here we demonstrate that five additional residues, surface-exposed and proximal to V67 or P145, exhibited the same phenotype. In contrast, the analogous mutants in a genotype 3a isolate (DBN3a) SGR exhibited different phenotypes in each cell line, consistent with fundamental differences in the functions of genotypes 2 and 3 NS5A. The difference between Huh7 and Huh7.5 cells was reminiscent of the observation that cyclophilin inhibitors are more potent against HCV replication in the former and suggested a role for D1 in cyclophilin dependence. Consistent with this, all JFH-1 and DBN3a mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to cyclosporin A treatment compared to wild-type. Silencing of cyclophilin A (CypA) in Huh7 cells inhibited replication of both JFH-1 and DBN3a. However, in Huh7.5 cells CypA silencing did not inhibit JFH-1 wild-type, but abrogated replication of all the JFH-1 mutants, and both DBN3a wild-type and all mutants. CypB silencing in Huh7 cells had no effect on DBN3a, but abrogated replication of JFH-1. CypB silencing in Huh7.5 cells had no effect on either SGR. Lastly, we confirmed that JFH-1 NS5A D1 interacted with CypA in vitro. These data demonstrate both a direct involvement of NS5A D1 in cyclophilin-dependent genome replication and functional differences between genotype 2 and 3 NS5A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Harris
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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7
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Lin YC, Jeng YC, Aala WJF, Hong YK, Chen PH, Chuang YR, Yang CC, Hsu CK. Transcriptomic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to cyclosporin and etanercept in a female infant with juvenile generalized pustular psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1299-1305. [PMID: 37194367 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare but severe form of psoriasis. An early onset of the diseases is correlated with mutations among IL36RN, CARD14, AP1S3, MPO and SERPINA3 genes. Systemic biological agents including anti-TNF-α, anti-IL-17, anti-IL-12/IL-23, anti-IL1R, anti-IL1β and anti-IL-36R act as novel treatment methods for GPP. Herein we report a female infant clinically diagnosed with GPP since she was 10-month-old. Results of whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing revealed a reported heterozygous IL36RN (c.115+6T>C) and another reported heterozygous SERPINA3 frame-shifting variant (c.1247_1248del). Initial cyclosporin treatment for the patient led to a partial remission of the symptoms. However, the patient reached nearly total remission of pustules and erythema after anti-TNF-α inhibitor etanercept treatment. Results of further RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) done on peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlated with the clinical responses, showing that cyclosporin suppressed a portion of the neutrophil-related genes, while most genes associated with neutrophil activation, neutrophil-mediated immunity and degranulation were downregulated by the subsequent etanercept treatment. We report this case to demonstrate WES and RNA-seq in combination could come in handy in reaching a precise diagnosis and in evaluating or even predicting the molecular alterations underlying clinical treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Jeng
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wilson Jr F Aala
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kai Hong
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ru Chuang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Gurung D, Danielson JA, Tasnim A, Zhang JT, Zou Y, Liu JY. Proline Isomerization: From the Chemistry and Biology to Therapeutic Opportunities. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1008. [PMID: 37508437 PMCID: PMC10376262 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Proline isomerization, the process of interconversion between the cis- and trans-forms of proline, is an important and unique post-translational modification that can affect protein folding and conformations, and ultimately regulate protein functions and biological pathways. Although impactful, the importance and prevalence of proline isomerization as a regulation mechanism in biological systems have not been fully understood or recognized. Aiming to fill gaps and bring new awareness, we attempt to provide a wholistic review on proline isomerization that firstly covers what proline isomerization is and the basic chemistry behind it. In this section, we vividly show that the cause of the unique ability of proline to adopt both cis- and trans-conformations in significant abundance is rooted from the steric hindrance of these two forms being similar, which is different from that in linear residues. We then discuss how proline isomerization was discovered historically followed by an introduction to all three types of proline isomerases and how proline isomerization plays a role in various cellular responses, such as cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, T-cell activation, and ion channel gating. We then explore various human diseases that have been linked to the dysregulation of proline isomerization. Finally, we wrap up with the current stage of various inhibitors developed to target proline isomerases as a strategy for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurung
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jacob A Danielson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Afsara Tasnim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo College of Engineering, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo College of Engineering, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Prikryl D, Marin M, Desai TM, Du Y, Fu H, Melikyan GB. Cyclosporines Antagonize the Antiviral Activity of IFITMProteins by Redistributing Them toward the Golgi Apparatus. Biomolecules 2023; 13:937. [PMID: 37371517 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) block the fusion of diverse enveloped viruses, likely through increasing the cell membrane's rigidity. Previous studies have reported that the antiviral activity of the IFITM family member, IFITM3, is antagonized by cell pretreatment with rapamycin derivatives and cyclosporines A and H (CsA and CsH) that promote the degradation of IFITM3. Here, we show that CsA and CsH potently enhance virus fusion with IFITM1- and IFITM3-expressing cells by inducing their rapid relocalization from the plasma membrane and endosomes, respectively, towards the Golgi. This relocalization is not associated with a significant degradation of IFITMs. Although prolonged exposure to CsA induces IFITM3 degradation in cells expressing low endogenous levels of this protein, its levels remain largely unchanged in interferon-treated cells or cells ectopically expressing IFITM3. Importantly, the CsA-mediated redistribution of IFITMs to the Golgi occurs on a much shorter time scale than degradation and thus likely represents the primary mechanism of enhancement of virus entry. We further show that rapamycin also induces IFITM relocalization toward the Golgi, albeit less efficiently than cyclosporines. Our findings highlight the importance of regulation of IFITM trafficking for its antiviral activity and reveal a novel mechanism of the cyclosporine-mediated modulation of cell susceptibility to enveloped virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Prikryl
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mariana Marin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tanay M Desai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, White Plains, NY 10601, USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gregory B Melikyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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10
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Naseeb MW, Adedara VO, Haseeb MT, Fatima H, Gangasani S, Kailey KR, Ahmed M, Abbas K, Razzaq W, Qayyom MM, Abdin ZU. Immunomodulatory Therapy for Giant Cell Myocarditis: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e40439. [PMID: 37456487 PMCID: PMC10349211 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rare, often rapidly progressive, and potentially fatal disease because of myocardium inflammation due to the infiltration of giant cells triggered by infectious as well as non-infectious etiologies. Several studies have reported that GCM can occur in patients of all ages but is more commonly found in adults. It is relatively more common among African American and Hispanic patients than in the White population. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical. Electrocardiogram (EKG), complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and cardiac biomarkers such as troponin and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), echocardiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), myocardial biopsy, and myocardial gene profiling are useful diagnostic tools. Current research has identified several potential biomarkers for GCM, including myocarditis-associated immune cells, cytokines, and other chemicals. The standard of care for GCM includes aggressive immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and immunomodulatory agents like rituximab, cyclosporine, and infliximab, which have shown promising results in GCM by balancing the immune system and preventing the attack on healthy tissues, resulting in the reduction of inflammation, promotion of healing, and decreasing the necessity for cardiac transplantation. Without immunosuppression, the chance of mortality or cardiac surgery was 100%. Multiple studies have revealed that a treatment combination of corticosteroids and immunomodulatory agents is superior to corticosteroids alone. Combination therapy significantly increased transplant-free survival (TFS) and decreased the likelihood of heart transplantation, hence improving overall survival. It is important to balance the benefits of immunosuppression with its potentially adverse effects. In conclusion, immunomodulatory therapy adds significant long-term survival benefits to GCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor O Adedara
- Medicine, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, GRD
| | | | - Hareem Fatima
- Internal Medicine, Federal Medical College, Islamabad, PAK
| | - Swapna Gangasani
- Internal Medicine, New York Medical College (NYMC) St. Mary's General Hospital and Saint Clare's Hospitals, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kamaljit R Kailey
- Medicine and Surgery, Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Patiala, IND
| | - Moiz Ahmed
- Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Kiran Abbas
- Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PAK
| | | | | | - Zain U Abdin
- Medicine, District Headquarter Hospital, Faisalabad, PAK
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11
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Habeeb E, Gabardi S, Townsend K, Kim M. Potential Effects of Remdesivir on Tacrolimus Exposure in Transplant Recipients With COVID-19 Infection. Kidney Int Rep 2023:S2468-0249(23)01292-5. [PMID: 37360819 PMCID: PMC10148982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Remdesivir has proven to have benefits against COVID-19 infection. However, data supporting drug-drug interactions are insufficient. Clinicians have noticed that calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) levels tend to change after starting remdesivir. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of remdesivir on CNI levels. Methods This study included adult solid organ transplant recipients hospitalized for COVID-19 who received remdesivir while on CNI. Patients were excluded if they started on other medications known to interact with CNI. The primary end point was the percentage of change in CNI levels after starting remdesivir. Secondary end points included the time until CNI levels reached a maximum increase in trough levels, the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and the time until CNI levels normalized. Results Of the 86 patients screened, 61 were included (56 on tacrolimus and 5 on cyclosporine). Most patients received kidney transplants (44.3%), and baseline demographics were similar among the transplanted organs. The median increase in tacrolimus level after starting remdesivir was 84.8%, and only 3 patients had no significant change in CNI levels. The median increase in tacrolimus level was more pronounced in lung and kidney recipients than in heart recipients (96.5% vs. 93.9% vs. 64.6 %, respectively). The median time to maximum increase in tacrolimus trough levels was 3 days, and it took 10 days after the remdesivir course for levels to return to baseline. Conclusion This retrospective analysis demonstrates that CNI levels were significantly elevated after starting remdesivir. However, future studies are warranted to evaluate this interaction further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Habeeb
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven Gabardi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keri Townsend
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miae Kim
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Liu D, Ndongwe TP, Ji J, Huber AD, Michailidis E, Rice CM, Ralston R, Tedbury PR, Sarafianos SG. Mechanisms of Action of the Host-Targeting Agent Cyclosporin A and Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents against Hepatitis C Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040981. [PMID: 37112961 PMCID: PMC10143304 DOI: 10.3390/v15040981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are available, providing interferon-free strategies for a hepatitis C cure. In contrast to DAAs, host-targeting agents (HTAs) interfere with host cellular factors that are essential in the viral replication cycle; as host genes, they are less likely to rapidly mutate under drug pressure, thus potentially exhibiting a high barrier to resistance, in addition to distinct mechanisms of action. We compared the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA), a HTA that targets cyclophilin A (CypA), to DAAs, including inhibitors of nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A), NS3/4A, and NS5B, in Huh7.5.1 cells. Our data show that CsA suppressed HCV infection as rapidly as the fastest-acting DAAs. CsA and inhibitors of NS5A and NS3/4A, but not of NS5B, suppressed the production and release of infectious HCV particles. Intriguingly, while CsA rapidly suppressed infectious extracellular virus levels, it had no significant effect on the intracellular infectious virus, suggesting that, unlike the DAAs tested here, it may block a post-assembly step in the viral replication cycle. Hence, our findings shed light on the biological processes involved in HCV replication and the role of CypA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- CS Bond Life Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Tanya P Ndongwe
- CS Bond Life Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Juan Ji
- CS Bond Life Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Andrew D Huber
- CS Bond Life Sciences Center, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Eleftherios Michailidis
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Center for ViroScience and Cure, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert Ralston
- CS Bond Life Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Philip R Tedbury
- CS Bond Life Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Center for ViroScience and Cure, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stefan G Sarafianos
- CS Bond Life Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Center for ViroScience and Cure, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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13
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Kobchikova PP, Efimov SV, Klochkov VV. Binding of Different Cyclosporin Variants to Micelles Evidenced by NMR and MD Simulations. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:196. [PMID: 36837699 PMCID: PMC9965255 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Peptides play a critical role in the life of organisms, performing completely different functions. The biological activity of some peptides, such as cyclosporins, can be determined by the degree of membrane permeability. Thus, it becomes important to study how the molecule interacts with lipid bilayers. Cyclosporins C, E, H and L were characterised molecular dynamics simulation; NMR spectroscopy studies were also carried out for cyclosporins C and E. The comparison of one- and two-dimensional spectra revealed certain similarities between spatial structures of the studied cyclosporin variants. Upon dissolving in water containing DPC micelles, which serve as model membranes, subtle changes in the NMR spectra appear, but in a different way for different cyclosporins. In order to understand whether observed changes are related to any structural modifications, simulation of the interaction of the peptide with the phospholipid micelle was performed. The onset of the interaction was observed, when the peptide is trapped to the surface of the micelle. Simulations of this kind are also of interest in the light of the well-known membrane permeability of cyclosporin, which is important for its biological action.
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14
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Favretto F, Jiménez-Faraco E, Conter C, Dominici P, Hermoso JA, Astegno A. Structural Basis for Cyclosporin Isoform-Specific Inhibition of Cyclophilins from Toxoplasma gondii. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:365-377. [PMID: 36653744 PMCID: PMC9926490 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporin (CsA) has antiparasite activity against the human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. A possible mechanism of action involves CsA binding to T. gondii cyclophilins, although much remains to be understood. Herein, we characterize the functional and structural properties of a conserved (TgCyp23) and a more divergent (TgCyp18.4) cyclophilin isoform from T. gondii. While TgCyp23 is a highly active cis-trans-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) and binds CsA with nanomolar affinity, TgCyp18.4 shows low PPIase activity and is significantly less sensitive to CsA inhibition. The crystal structure of the TgCyp23:CsA complex was solved at the atomic resolution showing the molecular details of CsA recognition by the protein. Computational and structural studies revealed relevant differences at the CsA-binding site between TgCyp18.4 and TgCyp23, suggesting that the two cyclophilins might have distinct functions in the parasite. These studies highlight the extensive diversification of TgCyps and pave the way for antiparasite interventions based on selective targeting of cyclophilins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Favretto
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134Verona, Italy
| | - Eva Jiménez-Faraco
- Department
of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano (IQFR), CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Conter
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Dominici
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134Verona, Italy
| | - Juan A. Hermoso
- Department
of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano (IQFR), CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006Madrid, Spain,
| | - Alessandra Astegno
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134Verona, Italy,
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15
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Carbajal-Contreras H, Gamba G, Castañeda-Bueno M. The serine-threonine protein phosphatases that regulate the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1100522. [PMID: 36875042 PMCID: PMC9974657 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of the Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is finely tuned by phosphorylation networks involving serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases. While much attention has been paid to the With-No-lysine (K) kinase (WNK)- STE20-related Proline Alanine rich Kinase (SPAK)/Oxidative Stress Responsive kinase 1 (OSR1) signaling pathway, there remain many unanswered questions regarding phosphatase-mediated modulation of NCC and its interactors. The phosphatases shown to regulate NCC's activity, directly or indirectly, are protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), calcineurin (CN), and protein phosphatase 4 (PP4). PP1 has been suggested to directly dephosphorylate WNK4, SPAK, and NCC. This phosphatase increases its abundance and activity when extracellular K+ is increased, which leads to distinct inhibitory mechanisms towards NCC. Inhibitor-1 (I1), oppositely, inhibits PP1 when phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA). CN inhibitors, like tacrolimus and cyclosporin A, increase NCC phosphorylation, giving an explanation to the Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension-like syndrome that affects some patients treated with these drugs. CN inhibitors can prevent high K+-induced dephosphorylation of NCC. CN can also dephosphorylate and activate Kelch-like protein 3 (KLHL3), thus decreasing WNK abundance. PP2A and PP4 have been shown in in vitro models to regulate NCC or its upstream activators. However, no studies in native kidneys or tubules have been performed to test their physiological role in NCC regulation. This review focuses on these dephosphorylation mediators and the transduction mechanisms possibly involved in physiological states that require of the modulation of the dephosphorylation rate of NCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Carbajal-Contreras
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,PECEM (MD/PhD), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,PECEM (MD/PhD), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Castañeda-Bueno
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Yashima K, Noda A, Ishikawa T, Matsuzaki F, Miyakoda K, Nishigori H, Mano N, Obara T. Safety evaluation of the use of calcineurin inhibitor to prenatal and postpartum women in Japan from a health administrative database. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2023; 16:461-473. [PMID: 37742666 DOI: 10.3233/npm-230138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) in pregnant Japanese women and to evaluate their safety in infants. METHODS Data were extracted from the claims database of the Japan Medical Data Center. The prevalence of CNIs was evaluated 180 days before pregnancy onset, during pregnancy, and within180-days post partum. We investigated the characteristics of the infants, including the presence of major malformations and their diagnoses, for 1 year after birth. RESULTS A total of 91,865 pregnancies in 80,049 women were included. Fifty-three women were prescribed CNIs between 180-day before pregnancy onset and 180-day postpartum; 35 of the 53 women were prescribed the drugs during pregnancy, and 10 of their infants were born preterm. Three were diagnosed with major congenital malformations, such as patent ductus arteriosus. Six preterm infants presented with infant respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSIONS No congenital anomalies were clearly attributable to the use of CNIs during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yashima
- Department of Pharmacy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Wakabayashi Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - A Noda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Biomolecule and Pathophysiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - F Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - K Miyakoda
- Clinical & Translational Research Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - H Nishigori
- Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - N Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomolecule and Pathophysiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Obara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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17
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Thiede RM, Fazel M, MacDonald KM, Abraham I. Does synthetic pharmacotherapy still have a place in treating chronic spontaneous urticaria? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1563-1567. [PMID: 36173375 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2128671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Thiede
- Division of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mohammad Fazel
- Division of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Ivo Abraham
- Matrix45, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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18
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Någård M, Choudhury N, Al-Shurbaji A, Lisovskaja V, Mackillop N. A Phase 1, open-label, crossover study evaluating the effect of a single dose of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and cyclosporin. Clin Kidney J 2022; 16:151-158. [PMID: 36726439 PMCID: PMC9871843 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) is an oral, highly selective potassium binder approved for the treatment of hyperkalaemia in adults. SZC may change the absorption of co-administered drugs that exhibit pH-dependent bioavailability. This study evaluated whether the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of tacrolimus and cyclosporin were altered by concomitant SZC administration in healthy participants. Methods This was an open-label, randomised sequence, two-cohort crossover, single-centre study. Healthy adults were assigned to one of two cohorts: Cohort 1 (tacrolimus) received a single dose of tacrolimus 5 mg and tacrolimus 5 mg + SZC 15 g in a random order; Cohort 2 (cyclosporin) received a single dose of cyclosporin 100 mg and cyclosporin 100 mg + SZC 15 g in a random order. Primary PK endpoints were maximum observed blood concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity (AUCinf). Differences in mean Cmax and AUCinf were analysed using a mixed effects model. Results Thirty participants in Cohort 1 and 29 in Cohort 2 completed the study. Tacrolimus exposure was lower with tacrolimus + SZC versus tacrolimus alone: Cmax geometric mean ratio (GMR) 71.10% [90% confidence interval (CI) 65.44-77.24], AUCinf 62.91% (55.64-71.13). Cyclosporin exposure was similar with cyclosporin + SZC compared with cyclosporin alone: Cmax GMR 102.9% (90% CI 96.11-110.10), AUCinf 97.23% (92.93-101.70). Conclusions Tacrolimus exposure was lower when co-administered with SZC 15 g and should be administered ≥2 h before or after SZC. The PK profile of cyclosporin was not affected by SZC co-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurul Choudhury
- Department of Patient Safety, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ayman Al-Shurbaji
- BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vera Lisovskaja
- Department of Biostatistics, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Neil Mackillop
- Late Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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19
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Natarajan S, Subramanian P. Open-label Non-blinded Cohort study on Anti-Histaminic Resistant Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria in Western India. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:518-523. [PMID: 36865849 PMCID: PMC9971761 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_718_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is a chronic relapsing disease with hives for a period of six weeks or more. It has a significant impact on the physical and mental well-being of patients. Aims and Objectives Open-label non-blinded study of over 600 patients diagnosed with CIU was done. The aim of the study was to observe the following: 1. Characteristics of patients of anti-histaminic resistant CIU, 2. Efficacy of cyclosporin and any adverse events in the study population and 3. Prognosis and relapse rates of these patients at the end of one year. Methods Detailed history taking and guided clinical evaluation were done to include chronic resistant urticarias in the study and their clinical characteristics and prognosis were studied. Results A total of 610 patients were diagnosed with CIU over a period of four years. Of these, 47 patients (7.7%) were diagnosed with anti-histaminic resistant urticaria. Of these, 30 patients (4.9%) who took treatment with cyclosporin at the above dosages were included in group 1. Rest 17 patients were in group 2 that were continued on anti-histaminics. Patients in cyclosporin group 1 showed a significant reduction in symptom scores as compared with group 2 at the end of six months. A lower need for corticosteroid therapy was noted in the cyclosporin group. Conclusion Cyclosporin in low doses is very useful in anti-histaminic resistant urticaria with the duration of therapy being six months. It is cost-effective in low and medium-income countries and easily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Natarajan
- From the Allergologist and Pulmonologist, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The Lung Centre, Office No 404, 4 Floor Marathon Chambers, P K Road, Mulund West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Poonam Subramanian
- Allergologist and Pulmonologist, The Lung Centre, Office NO 104, First Floor Trinity Apartments, Uthalsar Road, Thane West, Maharashtra, India
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20
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Shima H, Doi T, Okamoto T, Higashiguchi Y, Harada M, Inoue T, Tashiro M, Wariishi S, Takamatsu N, Kawahara K, Okada K, Minakuchi J. Successful Treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome Due to Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Accompanied by Acute Interstitial Nephritis. Intern Med 2022; 61:1863-1867. [PMID: 34803098 PMCID: PMC9259812 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8258-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 39-year-old woman was hospitalized for nephrotic syndrome. Laboratory test results showed increased serum creatinine levels and urinary excretions of beta-2-microglobulin, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. A renal biopsy revealed collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and acute interstitial nephritis. Despite treatment with pulse steroid followed by oral high-dose glucocorticoids and cyclosporines, heavy proteinuria persisted. After low-density lipoprotein apheresis (LDL-A) therapy was initiated, her proteinuria gradually decreased, leading to complete remission. A repeat renal biopsy after treatment revealed no collapsing glomeruli. Immediate LDL-A should be performed to treat cases of collapsing FSGS poorly responding to other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Shima
- Department of Kidney Disease, Kawashima Hospital, Japan
| | - Toshio Doi
- Department of Kidney Disease, Kawashima Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | - Megumi Harada
- Department of Clinical Engineering Kawashima Hospital, Japan
| | - Tomoko Inoue
- Department of Kidney Disease, Kawashima Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Minakuchi
- Department of Kidney Disease, Kawashima Hospital, Japan
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21
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Mani LY, Cotting J, Vogt B, Eisenberger U, Vermathen P. Influence of Immunosuppressive Regimen on Diffusivity and Oxygenation of Kidney Transplants-Analysis of Functional MRI Data from the Randomized ZEUS Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:3284. [PMID: 35743353 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ZEUS study was a multi-center randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of early conversion from a ciclosporin-based to an everolimus-based regimen on graft function twelve months post-transplantation. In this investigator-initiated sub-study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of kidney grafts was prospectively performed to non-invasively assess differences in graft oxygenation, diffusion and perfusion between groups and time-points using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD)-MRI. Sixteen patients underwent DWI and BOLD-MRI at months 4.5 and 12 post-transplantation on a 3 Tesla and 1.5 Tesla (n = 3) MR scanner. After exclusion due to image quality, outlier values or missing data, DWI was analyzed for ten subjects; BOLD for eight subjects. The diffusion coefficient ADCD decreased in the CsA-treated group over time, whereas it increased in the EVE group (p = 0.046, medulla). The change in ADCD from months 4.5 to 12 significantly differed between groups in the cortex (p = 0.033) and medulla (p = 0.019). In BOLD, cortico-medullary transverse relaxation rate R2* increased (decreased tissue oxygen) in the CsA-treated and decreased in EVE-treated groups over time. Similarly, R2* values at month 12 were higher in the CsA-treated group compared to the EVE-treated group. There was no significant difference for the perfusion fraction FP. In conclusion, this prospective sub-study of the ZEUS trial suggests an impact of immunosuppressive regimen on fMRI parameters of the kidney graft.
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Yu SM, Hung EHY. Unknown Case: Enlarging Vulvar Mass in a Transplant Patient. J Breast Imaging 2022; 4:331-333. [PMID: 38416976 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Suet-Mui Yu
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Esther H Y Hung
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Kawaguchi T, Fukata M, Omori T, Kiyohara H, Sugimoto S, Nanki K, Sujino T, Mikami Y, Kanai T. Efficacy of Calcineurin Inhibitors for Induction of Remission in Intestinal Behçet's Disease. Crohns Colitis 360 2022; 4:otac017. [PMID: 36777415 PMCID: PMC9802215 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) for induction of remission in intestinal Behçet's disease (intestinal BD) has not been explored. Methods A multicenter retrospective case series study of patients with active intestinal BD treated with CNIs (cyclosporin and tacrolimus) was conducted. Results Of 16 patients, 12 (75%) showed a clinical response and 5 (31.3%) achieved clinical remission after 2 weeks of CNI treatment. Similar efficacy of CNIs was observed even in 7 patients refractory to antitumor necrosis factor-alpha therapies. Endoscopic improvement was observed in 11 of 12 patients. Conclusions CNIs may be promising treatment options for refractory intestinal BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kawaguchi
- Address correspondence to: Takaaki Kawaguchi, MD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan ()
| | - Masayuki Fukata
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Yamate Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Omori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kiyohara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nanki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sujino
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Park I, Phan TM, Fang J. Novel Molecular Mechanism of Lenalidomide in Myeloid Malignancies Independent of Deletion of Chromosome 5q. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5084. [PMID: 34680233 PMCID: PMC8534127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lenalidomide as well as other immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) have achieved clinical efficacies in certain sub-types of hematologic malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with a single deletion of chromosome 5q (del(5q)) and others. Despite superior clinical response to lenalidomide in hematologic malignancies, relapse and resistance remains a problem in IMiD-based therapy. The last ten years have witnessed the discovery of novel molecular mechanism of IMiD-based anti-tumor therapy. IMiDs bind human cereblon (CRBN), the substrate receptor of the CRL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Binding of CRBN with IMiDs leads to degradation of the Ikaros family zinc finger proteins 1 and 3 (IKZF1 and IKZF3) and casein kinase 1 alpha. We have found that lenalidomide-mediated degradation of IKZF1 leads to activation of the G protein-coupled receptor 68 (GPR68)/calcium/calpain pro-apoptotic pathway and inhibition of the regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1)/calcineurin pro-survival pathway in MDS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Calcineurin inhibitor Cyclosporin-A potentiates the anti-leukemia activity of lenalidomide in MDS/AML with or without del(5q). These findings broaden the therapeutic potential of IMiDs. This review summarizes novel molecular mechanism of lenalidomide in myeloid malignancies, especially without del(5q), in the hope to highlight novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Fang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (I.P.); (T.M.P.)
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25
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Gubod ER, Ramanathan A, Mohamad Zaini Z, Warnakulasuriya S. Oral Lichen Planus in a Patient With a Thymoma: A Rare Finding. Cureus 2021; 13:e17376. [PMID: 34584786 PMCID: PMC8457309 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a rare case of ulcerative oral lichen planus that was associated with a thymoma discovered during the management phase, seven months after the initial diagnosis of oral lichen planus. Thymectomy was performed and investigations revealed pure red cell aplasia. Although rare, the association of a thymoma should be considered in recording the medical history of patients presenting with oral lichen planus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eb Robson Gubod
- Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MYS.,Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Zuraiza Mohamad Zaini
- Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, GBR
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26
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Koh MW, Baldi RF, Soni S, Handslip R, Tan YY, O’Dea KP, Malesevic M, McAuley DF, O’Kane CM, Patel BV, Takata M, Wilson MR. Secreted Extracellular Cyclophilin A Is a Novel Mediator of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:421-430. [PMID: 33848447 PMCID: PMC8480235 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202009-3545oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mechanical ventilation is a mainstay of intensive care but contributes to the mortality of patients through ventilator-induced lung injury. eCypA (extracellular CypA [cyclophilin A]) is an emerging inflammatory mediator and metalloproteinase inducer, and the gene responsible for its expression has recently been linked to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Objectives: To explore the involvement of eCypA in the pathophysiology of ventilator-induced lung injury. Methods: Mice were ventilated with a low or high Vt for up to 3 hours, with or without blockade of eCypA signaling, and lung injury and inflammation were evaluated. Human primary alveolar epithelial cells were exposed to in vitro stretching to explore the cellular source of eCypA, and CypA concentrations were measured in BAL fluid from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome to evaluate the clinical relevance. Measurements and Main Results: High-Vt ventilation in mice provoked a rapid increase in soluble CypA concentration in the alveolar space but not in plasma. In vivo ventilation and in vitro stretching experiments indicated the alveolar epithelium as the likely major source. In vivo blockade of eCypA signaling substantially attenuated physiological dysfunction, macrophage activation, and MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases). Finally, we found that patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome showed markedly elevated concentrations of eCypA within BAL fluid. Conclusions: CypA is upregulated within the lungs of injuriously ventilated mice (and critically ill patients), where it plays a significant role in lung injury. eCypA represents an exciting novel target for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa W. Koh
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhianna F. Baldi
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanooj Soni
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhodri Handslip
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Ying Tan
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran P. O’Dea
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miroslav Malesevic
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; and
| | - Daniel F. McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia M. O’Kane
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Brijesh V. Patel
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masao Takata
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Wilson
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Wang T, He X, Ran N, Liu C, Xing L, Wang H, Fu R, Shao Z. Immunological characteristics and effect of cyclosporin in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23922. [PMID: 34329516 PMCID: PMC8418498 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is well‐known as an antibody‐mediated autoimmune disease, and it is easy to get response but often turns to relapse or refractory. Cyclosporin is a traditional immunosuppressant and had a good effect on ITP patients. In this paper, we retrospectively analyze the immunological characteristics and therapeutic effect of cyclosporin in 220 patients with ITP. Methods All newly diagnosed ITP patients in the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from June 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled and divided into four groups according to the expression of autoantibodies and the occurrence of prodromal infection. The basic data and immune indexes of ITP patients in each group were collected. The clinical immunological characteristics of patients in each group and the therapeutic effect of cyclosporin in each group were analyzed. Results Multi‐autoantibody ITP patients were more likely to have low serum albumin and high gamma globulin, and the ratio of albumin to globulin decreased. In addition, the level of IgA and IgG increased and the level of complement C3 and C4 decreased more frequently than those in other groups. The number of CD3+T lymphocytes, especially CD3+CD4+T lymphocytes, decreased in ANA+ITP patients. The number of CD16+CD56+NK cells, pDC/DC ratio, and pDC/mDC ratio were higher than those in other groups. The expression of IL‐6 and the proportion of CD19+B lymphocytes increased in two groups of ITP patients with abnormal autoantibodies. The patients of pro‐infected group were more likely to suffer from coagulation disorder. After treatment with cyclosporin, the response rate increased and the 3‐month relapse rate decreased in all ITP patients, and the therapeutic effect of patients with high megakaryocyte number was significantly higher than that of patients with low megakaryocyte number. The impact factors that influence the effect of glucocorticoid and(or) IVIG were the number of CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes, CD4/CD8 cell ratio, and the number of CD19+B lymphocytes. The independent impact factor of cyclosporin therapeutic response rate was the number of CD3+T lymphocytes. Conclusions ITP is a heterogeneous disease, recurrence may occur during or rapidly after treatment.
Cyclosporine included treatment can improve the effective rate of ITP and
reduce the relapse rate within 3 months. The number of CD3+T lymphocytes was
the only impact factor that influence the therapeutic effect of
cyclosporin in ITP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningyuan Ran
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Limin Xing
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaquan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Zonghong Shao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin, China
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van Gelder T. How cyclosporin reduces mycophenolic acid exposure by 40% while other calcineurin inhibitors do not. Kidney Int 2021; 100:1185-1189. [PMID: 34284043 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The most frequently used immunosuppressive treatment in kidney transplant recipients is the combination therapy of a calcineurin inhibitor and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), with or without corticosteroids. Cyclosporin and tacrolimus are the two calcineurin inhibitors registered for this indication. Also in the treatment of glomerular diseases calcineurin inhibitors and mycophenolic acid are being used on a worldwide scale, either alone or as combined treatment. In January 2021 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved voclosporin, a novel calcineurin inhibitor for the treatment of adult patients with active lupus nephritis. There is a clinically relevant drug-drug interaction between cyclosporin and mycophenolate. As a result of cyclosporin-induced inhibition of the enterohepatic recirculation of mycophenolate, the mycophenolic acid-AUC is significantly lower (40%) in case of cyclosporin co-administration as compared to cotreatment with either tacrolimus or voclosporin (or no CNI co-treatment). The aim of this mini review is to summarize this potential drug-drug interaction and explain how cyclosporin affects the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate. The optimal dose of MMF is likely to depend on the calcineurin inhibitor with which it is co-administered. Furthermore clinical implications are discussed, including the potential emergence of mycophenolic acid (MPA)-related side effects after discontinuation of cyclosporin co-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun van Gelder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Albinusdreef 2 2333 ZA Leiden The Netherlands
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29
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Nishi A, Muramatsu A, Maeda E, Kobayashi T, Waratani M, Kitawaki J. Successful management of acquired hemophilia A onset during pregnancy: A case report. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:4060-4066. [PMID: 34263499 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by autoantibodies that inhibit coagulation factor VIII. Pregnancy could be associated with AHA in younger women. Because of its rarity, the optimal management for pregnancy-related AHA has not yet been established. Herein, we present the case of a 32-year-old woman with AHA diagnosed during pregnancy because of elevated activated partial prothrombin time, decreased factor VIII activity, and the presence of a factor VIII inhibitor. She was treated with immunosuppressive therapy consisting of corticosteroid and cyclosporine administration. Although complete remission could not be induced in the peripartum period, she gave birth safely by cesarean delivery in combination with prophylactic bypass hemostatic therapy. This work would provide helpful information to guide better recognition and treatment of pregnancy-related AHA cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Muramatsu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiko Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kobayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miyoko Waratani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jo Kitawaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
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Ono S, Yoshimoto K, Nishimura N, Yoneima R, Kawashima H, Kobayashi T, Tai Y, Miyamoto M, Tsushima E, Yada N, Nishio K. Complete Resolution of a Case of TAFRO Syndrome Accompanied by Mediastinal Panniculitis, Adrenal Lesion, and Liver Damage with Hyperbilirubinemia. Intern Med 2021; 60:1303-1309. [PMID: 33191324 PMCID: PMC8112990 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5850-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
TAFRO syndrome is a systemic inflammatory, lymphoproliferative disorder, but the pathophysiology of the disease is unknown. It is typically characterized by thrombocytopenia, anasarca, a fever, reticulin fibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly. However, other manifestations have been also reported. We encountered a 43-year-old man with TAFRO syndrome who showed mediastinal panniculitis, liver damage, and adrenal lesions in addition to the core signs. He achieved complete remission with combination therapy of corticosteroids, tocilizumab, and cyclosporin, and remission was maintained even after drug discontinuation at 15 months. Atypical manifestations and complete remission of TAFRO syndrome were remarkable features of our case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Ono
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | | | | | - Ryo Yoneima
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiaki Tai
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | - Makiko Miyamoto
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | - Emiko Tsushima
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yada
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | - Kenji Nishio
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University, Japan
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Scheinberg P. Acquired severe aplastic anaemia: how medical therapy evolved in the 20th and 21st centuries. Br J Haematol 2021; 194:954-969. [PMID: 33855695 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The progress in aplastic anaemia (AA) management is one of success. Once an obscure entity resulting in death in most affected can now be successfully treated with either haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or immunosuppressive therapy (IST). The mechanisms that underly the diminution of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are now better elucidated, and include genetics and immunological alterations. Advances in supportive care with better antimicrobials, safer blood products and iron chelation have greatly impacted AA outcomes. Working somewhat 'mysteriously', anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) forms the base for both HSCT and IST protocols. Efforts to augment immunosuppression potency have not, unfortunately, led to better outcomes. Stimulating HSCs, an often-sought approach, has not been effective historically. The thrombopoietin receptor agonists (Tpo-RA) have been effective in stimulating early HSCs in AA despite the high endogenous Tpo levels. Dosing, timing and best combinations with Tpo-RAs are being defined to improve HSCs expansion in AA with minimal added toxicity. The more comprehensive access and advances in HSCT and IST protocols are likely to benefit AA patients worldwide. The focus of this review will be on the medical treatment advances in AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Scheinberg
- Division of Haematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dittmar M, Lee JS, Whig K, Segrist E, Li M, Kamalia B, Castellana L, Ayyanathan K, Cardenas-Diaz FL, Morrisey EE, Truitt R, Yang W, Jurado K, Samby K, Ramage H, Schultz DC, Cherry S. Drug repurposing screens reveal cell-type-specific entry pathways and FDA-approved drugs active against SARS-Cov-2. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108959. [PMID: 33811811 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for antivirals to treat the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To identify new candidates, we screen a repurposing library of ∼3,000 drugs. Screening in Vero cells finds few antivirals, while screening in human Huh7.5 cells validates 23 diverse antiviral drugs. Extending our studies to lung epithelial cells, we find that there are major differences in drug sensitivity and entry pathways used by SARS-CoV-2 in these cells. Entry in lung epithelial Calu-3 cells is pH independent and requires TMPRSS2, while entry in Vero and Huh7.5 cells requires low pH and triggering by acid-dependent endosomal proteases. Moreover, we find nine drugs are antiviral in respiratory cells, seven of which have been used in humans, and three are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved, including cyclosporine. We find that the antiviral activity of cyclosporine is targeting Cyclophilin rather than calcineurin, revealing essential host targets that have the potential for rapid clinical implementation.
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Eronen H, Ilus T, Jussila A, Huhtala H, Collin P, Oksanen P. Long-term outcome of patients with acute ulcerative colitis after first course of intravenous corticosteroids. Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:234-238. [PMID: 33496198 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1867892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Every fifth patient with ulcerative colitis (UC) experiences severe acute flare at some point in the course of the disease. Corticosteroids (Cs) remain the treatment of choice in acute flare. Data on the efficacy of first intravenous Cs in the long-term prognosis of UC are scarce and were investigated here. MATERIALS AND METHODS All episodes of patients with acute UC admitted to Tampere University Hospital and treated with intravenous Cs between January 2007 and January 2016 were identified from patient records and reviewed. The risks for colectomy and for continuous use of Cs were evaluated. Predictive factors were analysed. RESULTS The study comprised 217 patients of whom 184 (85%) responded to intravenous Cs at index flare. Of the 33 non-responders, 31 (94%) were treated with intravenous cyclosporine A and 28 responded. Five (2.3%) patients needed emergency colectomy. Twenty-six (12%) patients underwent colectomy within 1 year of index flare. Overall colectomy rate was 56 (26%) during follow-up (median 7.5 years, range 0.1-10.5). Six months after index flare 66 (30%) patients were still on steroids. In this series 149 (69%) required further Cstherapy and 104 (48%) needed rehospitalization for new flare at some point during follow-up. Overall 155 patients were treated with thiopurines, of whom 72% within the first year after admission. A total of 36 patients had infliximab as a first-line biological treatment, nine needed second-line therapy with adalimumab or vedolizumab after infliximab failed. CONCLUSION Although intravenous Cs were efficient in inducing clinical response in patients with severe acute UC, only one fifth maintained remission in the long term. Two-thirds of patients required further Cs and the overall colectomy rate remained at 26%. High relapse rate indicates the need for closer monitoring of these patients. Enhancement of maintenance therapy should be considered at early stage after acute flare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Eronen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuire Ilus
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Airi Jussila
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pekka Collin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pia Oksanen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Nichols KK, Evans DG, Karpecki PM. A Comprehensive Review of the Clinical Trials Conducted for Dry Eye Disease and the Impact of the Vehicle Comparators in These Trials. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:609-614. [PMID: 33238774 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1836226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by loss of homeostasis of the tear film and accompanied by symptoms such as ocular discomfort and visual disturbance. DED is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical care in the United States and across the world. Despite this, there are a limited number of pharmacologic therapies for the treatment of DED in the United States and Europe. This review examines the different pivotal trials for DED medications and the impact the vehicle in each trial.In recent clinical trials, the vehicle of the active formulation of the medication is often used as the active comparator. A literature review of published dry eye clinical trials was performed to identify the pivotal clinical trials of DED medications and to compare treatment effect and further understand the impact of the vehicle on clinical trial outcomes.The pivotal clinical trials for the currently approved treatments for dry eye have widely varying study designs. The variations include differences in inclusion criteria, outcome measures and efficacy endpoints, and whether or not the use of concomitant artificial tears is allowed. These differences make it difficult for accurate comparisons to be made between DED medications. Each trial demonstrated that the vehicle alone has some beneficial effect on signs and symptoms of dry eye disease.This review discusses the varying trial designs and vehicles used in the pivotal studies for the four approved dry eye medications in the United States and Europe, as well as novel vehicles under development and clinical trial recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K Nichols
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - David G Evans
- Total Eye Care, P.A, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Paul M Karpecki
- Kentucky Eye Institute, Lexington, KY, United States of America
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Fedele AO, Carraro V, Xie J, Averous J, Proud CG. Cyclosporin A but not FK506 activates the integrated stress response in human cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15134-15143. [PMID: 32843478 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) are valuable immunosuppressants for a range of clinical settings, including (but not limited to) organ transplantation and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. They function by inhibiting the activity of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin toward nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT) in T-lymphocytes. However, use of CsA is associated with more serious side effects and worse clinical outcomes than FK506. Here we show that CsA, but not FK506, causes activation of the integrated stress response (ISR), an event which is normally an acute reaction to various types of intracellular insults, such as nutrient deficiency or endoplasmic reticulum stress. These effects of CsA involve at least two of the stress-activated protein kinases (GCN2 and PERK) that act on the translational machinery to slow down protein synthesis via phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2α and thereby induce the ISR. These actions of CsA likely contribute to the adverse effects associated with its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony O Fedele
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Valérie Carraro
- INRAE Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jianling Xie
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Julien Averous
- INRAE Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, Australia; Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, Australia.
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Ganzleben I, Geppert C, Osaba L, Hirschmann S, Nägel A, Glück C, Hoffman A, Rath T, Nagore D, Neurath MF, Atreya R. Successful cyclosporin and ustekinumab combination therapy in a patient with severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284820954112. [PMID: 33101457 PMCID: PMC7550934 DOI: 10.1177/1756284820954112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic management of patients with severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis still represents a critical clinical challenge. In this setting, cyclosporin is an effective and rapidly acting induction treatment that is applied in combination with maintenance therapeutic agents like thiopurines or vedolizumab. Here, we present the case of a 33-year-old ulcerative colitis patient with severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis who refused surgical intervention and previously demonstrated no long-term benefit to anti-TNF antibody, vedolizumab, cyclosporin, thiopurines or tofacitinib treatment. Intravenous cyclosporin therapy was re-initiated in the patient and, after signs of clinical response, therapy with ustekinumab was additionally applied. After 11 weeks of well tolerated cyclosporin and ustekinumab combination therapy, cyclosporin was discontinued upon clinical and endoscopic remission. Subsequently, ustekinumab treatment has been effective in maintaining remission during the follow-up period of 195 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Ganzleben
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen,
Germany
| | - Carol Geppert
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Lourdes Osaba
- Progenika Biopharma, A Grifols Company, Derio,
Spain
| | - Simon Hirschmann
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen,
Germany
| | - Andreas Nägel
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen,
Germany
| | - Christian Glück
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI),
Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arthur Hoffman
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinic
Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Timo Rath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI),
Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Nagore
- Progenika Biopharma, A Grifols Company, Derio,
Spain
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI),
Erlangen, Germany
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Gérard A, Romani S, Van-Obberghen E, Fresse A, Muzzone M, Parassol N, Boscagli A, Rocher F, Borchiellini D, Drici MD. Case Report: Successful Treatment of Steroid-Refractory Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pure Red Cell Aplasia With Cyclosporin. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1760. [PMID: 32984061 PMCID: PMC7484737 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia associated with Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is usually hemolytic and regenerative. Cases of non-regenerative pure red cell aplasia are rare, and typically improve upon drug discontinuation and after corticotherapy. We herein report a case of nivolumab-related erythroblastopenia refractory to steroids in a melanoma patient that improved only after treatment with cyclosporin. Nivolumab had been well tolerated for 2 months after being introduced as an adjuvant treatment. Hemoglobin level then progressively decreased from 12.7 g/dl as baseline value to a nadir of 4.3 g/dL despite transfusion with a total of 29 packed red blood cells in 3 months. Extensive workup including repeated bone marrow examinations led to the diagnosis of pure red cell aplasia. Anemia persisted despite nivolumab discontinuation and over a month of corticotherapy, but improved dramatically 3 days after cyclosporin initiation and did not recur upon cyclosporin tapering. The patient remains cancer-free 9 months after nivolumab withdrawal. This case highlights the under-recognized risk of erythroblastopenia in patients treated with ICI and proves cyclosporin is a valid alternative for the treatment of steroid-refractory cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Gérard
- Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Serena Romani
- Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Elise Van-Obberghen
- Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Audrey Fresse
- Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Marine Muzzone
- Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Nadège Parassol
- Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Annick Boscagli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Fanny Rocher
- Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Delphine Borchiellini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Milou-Daniel Drici
- Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
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Beksac MS, Fadiloglu E, Cakar AN, Gurbuz RH, Atilla P, Onbasilar I, Beksac K, Katlan DC, Mumusoglu S, Calis P, Beksac M. Fetal Cell Microchimerism; Normal and Immunocompromised Gestations in Mice. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2020; 39:277-287. [PMID: 31436120 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1651803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare fetal cell microchimerism in normal and immunocompromised gestations. Materials and methods: The study consists of two groups of mature female mice. In the control group and the immunocompromised study group, 5 mg of saline and cyclosporine were injected intraperitoneally, respectively. In the second step, all female mice were mated with "Actine-Luc (+) green fluorescent protein (GFP)" transgenic male mice. Immunohistochemical studies (ALPL-antiluciferase, cytokeratin-antiluciferase, and CD 105-antiluciferase) were carried out on maternal liver, skin, and lung tissues at 6-7th and 14-15th gestational days, and postpartum 3-4th, 12th, and 18-24 months. Results: GFP (+) cells were detected in maternal liver and skin but not in lung tissue. Liver was the most affected tissue. GFP was found to be more intense in the immunocompromised group. Conclusion: Fetal microchimerism was demonstrated in maternal liver and skin and found to be more intensive in the immunocompromised group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sinan Beksac
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdem Fadiloglu
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Nur Cakar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, TOBB University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Hekimoglu Gurbuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pergin Atilla
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilyas Onbasilar
- Animal Technology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kemal Beksac
- Department of General Surgery, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Doruk Cevdi Katlan
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sezcan Mumusoglu
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Calis
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Beksac
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
Cyclosporin is an immunosuppressive agent in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and its metabolism is strongly affected by concomitant drugs, including posaconazole which is now extensively used as anti-fungal prophylaxis post-allograft. We undertook a retrospective audit of 29 patients undergoing their first allograft who were receiving posaconazole at the time of transition from intravenous to oral cyclosporin. This group had a median initial oral cyclosporin dose of 2.58 mg/kg bd (range 1.75-3.95) and high incidence of cyclosporin-related toxicity was noted, requiring significant dose reductions such that by day 60 the media dose was 1.60 mg/kg bd (range 0.86-3.33). We subsequently amended our dosing protocol and analyzed a further 20 patients specifying an initial oral cyclosporin dose of 2.25 mg/kg bd and found this had little impact on toxicity or requirement for dose reductions. Starting doses of no greater than 2 mg/kg bd appear optimal to prevent toxicity in allograft recipients receiving concomitant posaconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle H Robinson
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charlotte F M Hughes
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Grigg
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Nebbioso M, Alisi L, Giovannetti F, Armentano M, Lambiase A. Eye drop emulsion containing 0.1% cyclosporin (1 mg/mL) for the treatment of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis: an evidence-based review and place in therapy. Clin Ophthalmol 2019; 13:1147-1155. [PMID: 31308622 PMCID: PMC6616155 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s181811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a rare, recurrent and multifactorial ocular disease, which typically flares up during spring and affects especially male children and adolescents. This condition does not usually respond to common treatments with antihistamines or mast cells stabilizers, whereas corticosteroids have effective results. Corticosteroids need to be carefully administered, to avoid adverse effects, mainly the secondary development of glaucoma, cataracts, or infections. Immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclosporin (CyA) or tacrolimus are, therefore, frequently employed in VKC patients. Only the 0.1% CyA (1 mg/mL) concentration has an approved and specific clinical indication for the treatment of VKC and this drug was given the denomination of orphan drug by the European Commission (EU/3/06/360) in 2006. So far, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and the side effects of topical 0.1% CyA. Different topical CyA concentrations, ranging from 0.05% to 2%, and various types of formulation are available at the moment. In the future, 0.1% CyA will presumably take an important part in the management of VKC. The present review focuses on eye drops containing 0.1% CyA; however, more studies will be needed to define its long-term efficacy in the natural course of this severe ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Ludovico Alisi
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Francesca Giovannetti
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Marta Armentano
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
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Back HM, Lee JB, Han N, Goo S, Jung E, Kim J, Song B, An SH, Kim JT, Rhie SJ, Ree YS, Chae JW, Kim J, Yun HY. Application of Size and Maturation Functions to Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Pediatric Patients. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E259. [PMID: 31163633 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, dosage for pediatric patients has been optimized using simple weight-scaled methods, but these methods do not always meet the requirements of children. To overcome this discrepancy, population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling of size and maturation functions has been proposed. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate a new modeling method for pediatric patients using clinical data from three different clinical studies. To develop the PK models, a nonlinear mixed effect modeling method was employed, and to explore PK differences in pediatric patients, size with allometric and maturation with Michaelis–Menten type functions were evaluated. Goodness of fit plots, visual predictive check and bootstrap were used for model evaluation. Single application of size scaling to PK parameters was statistically significant for the over one year old group. On the other hand, simultaneous use of size and maturation functions was statistically significant for infants younger than one year old. In conclusion, population PK modeling for pediatric patients was successfully performed using clinical data. Size and maturation functions were applied according to established criteria, and single use of size function was applicable for over one year ages, while size and maturation functions were more effective for PK analysis of neonates and infants.
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Wang D, Chen X, Li Z. Cyclosporin population pharmacokinetics in pediatric refractory nephrotic syndrome based on real-world studies: Effects of body weight and spirolactone administration. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3015-3020. [PMID: 30936972 PMCID: PMC6434233 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Different models of population pharmacokinetics (PPK) of cyclosporin have been established in various populations. However, the cyclosporin PPK model in patients with pediatric refractory nephrotic syndrome (PRNS) has yet to be constructed. The present study aimed to establish the cyclosporin PPK model in PRNS, and to identify factors that may account for any variability. Chinese patients with PRNS treated with cyclosporin between June 2014 and June 2018 at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University (Shanghai, China) were retrospectively analyzed. The impact of demographic features, laboratory parameters and concomitant medications was evaluated. A total of 18 PRNS patients from real-world studies were analyzed by non-linear mixed-effects modeling. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination was selected as the appropriate model in PRNS. Body weight (WT) and spirolactone intake were included as significant covariates for the apparent oral clearance (CL/F), and the WT was revealed to significantly influence the apparent volume of distribution (V/F). The final covariate models were as follows: CL/F=80.7 × (WT/70)0.75 × (1-0.265×θspirolactone), and V/F=2,030 × (WT/70), where θspirolactone is the coefficient of spirolactone. The inter-individual variability in CL/F and V/F was 44.6 and 53.1%, respectively. In conclusion, in the present study, a cyclosporin PPK model for patients with PRNS was successfully constructed, and the presence of a clinically significant interaction between spirolactone and cyclosporin in PRNS patients was determined based on real-world studies, indicating that concomitant medication with spirolactone was able to reduce cyclosporin clearance in the patients with PRNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Jiangyin, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
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Sallustio BC, Noll BD, Coller JK, Tuke J, Russ G, Somogyi AA. Relationship between allograft cyclosporin concentrations and P-glycoprotein expression in the 1st month following renal transplantation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1015-1020. [PMID: 30690767 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressant cyclosporin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate whose impaired function has been associated with an increased risk of cyclosporin-induced nephrotoxicity following renal transplantation. This study investigated the relationship between blood and allograft cyclosporin concentration, and the effect of P-gp expression. Fifty biopsy samples were obtained from 39 renal transplant recipients who received cyclosporin as part of maintenance immunosuppression. Blood cyclosporin concentrations (2 hours postdose) were obtained from clinical records, matching allograft cyclosporin concentrations were measured in frozen biopsy tissue by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and allograft P-gp expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Blood and allograft cyclosporin concentrations in the 1st month post-transplantation ranged from 505-2005 μg/L and 0.01-16.7 ng/mg tissue, respectively. Dose was the only significant predictor of allograft cyclosporin concentrations (adjusted R2 = .24, F-statistic = 11.52, P = .0019), with no effect of P-gp expression or blood cyclosporin concentrations. P-gp expression is not the major determinant of allograft cyclosporin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta C Sallustio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Benjamin D Noll
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Janet K Coller
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jonathan Tuke
- ARC Centre for Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, School of Mathematical Sciences, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,School of Mathematical Sciences, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Graeme Russ
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Andrew A Somogyi
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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Han X, Xu J, Xu S, Sun Y, He M, Li X, Li X, Pi J, Yu R, Tian W. [Role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore in mediating the inhibitory effect of gastrodin on oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes in vitro]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2019; 38:1306-1311. [PMID: 30514677 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in mediating the protective effect of gastrodin against oxidative stress damage in H9c2 cardiac myocytes. METHODS H9c2 cardiac myocytes were treated with H2O2, gastrodin, gastrodin+H2O2, cyclosporin A (CsA), or CsA+gas+H2O2 group. MTT assay was used to detect the survival ratio of H9c2 cells, and flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to analyze the early apoptosis rate after the treatments. The concentration of ATP and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells were detected using commercial kits. The mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells was detected with laser confocal microscopy. The expression of cytochrome C was detected with Western blotting, and the activity of caspase-3 was also assessed in the cells. RESULTS Gastrodin pretreatment could prevent oxidative stress-induced reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, and this effect was inhibited by the application of CsA. Gastrodin significantly lowered the levels of ROS and apoptosis-related factors in H2O2-exposed cells, and such effects were reversed by CsA. CsA significantly antagonized the protective effect of gastrodin against apoptosis in H2O2-exposed cells. CONCLUSIONS Gastrodin prevents oxidative stress-induced injury in H9c2 cells by inhibiting mPTP opening to reduce the cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Han
- Medical Research Center (International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Geriatrics Medicine), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Jingman Xu
- Medical Research Center (International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Geriatrics Medicine), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Sen Xu
- Medical Research Center (International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Geriatrics Medicine), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Yahan Sun
- Medical Research Center (International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Geriatrics Medicine), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Mali He
- Medical Research Center (International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Geriatrics Medicine), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Medical Research Center (International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Geriatrics Medicine), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Medical Research Center (International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Geriatrics Medicine), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Jiayi Pi
- Medical Research Center (International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Geriatrics Medicine), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Medical Research Center (International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Geriatrics Medicine), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Medical Research Center (International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Geriatrics Medicine), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
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Abstract
Erythromelalgia is a neurovascular disorder which causes pain, swelling, erythema, and warmth of the distal extremities. Primary disease is due to a genetic mutation in the SCN9A gene, but secondary erythromelalgia can be the consequence of a variety of underlying etiologies, including drug and toxin exposures. The disease is rare, occurring in only 1.3 out of every 100,000 in the United States, and symptoms can vary significantly in severity and presentation. Therefore, it can be difficult to recognize the disorder, identify the source, and promptly treat the condition. We report a reversible cause of erythromelalgia induced by the use of oral cyclosporine. This correlation is poorly documented in literature, with limited accounts identifying an association between erythromelalgia and cyclosporine. As drug-induced erythromelalgia represents a reversible cause of disease, physicians should obtain a detailed medication history during the diagnostic workup, specifically inquiring about the use of cyclosporine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorin A Bibb
- Dermatology, East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, USA
| | - Randi P Winter
- Dermatology, East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, USA
| | - Stuart S Leicht
- Dermatology, East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare, chronic autoimmune illness with primary features of symmetric, proximal muscle weakness and involvement of the skin with a number of identifiable rashes. Evidence to support treatment decisions is limited, given the paucity of clinical trials. Consensus based methods, informed by available data, play an important role in treatment recommendations. Areas covered: This review focuses on evidence and consensus opinion regarding therapeutic options in JDM and identifies gaps where future research is needed. Expert commentary: The combination of trial evidence (as limited as it is) and consensus opinion support standard initial management for children with JDM to consist of high-dose corticosteroids, either intravenous or oral, and methotrexate. Several other agents have preliminary support, either through clinical trials or case series for their use in patients who either fail to respond adequately, have severe disease or have contraindications to standard initial therapy. One of the important goals of management in JDM will be to reduce the corticosteroid exposure experienced by patients. To meet this goal, progress in a number of key areas is needed: increased international collaboration, advances in study design and increased translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Huber
- a Division of Pediatric Rheumatology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
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Passioura T, Watashi K, Fukano K, Shimura S, Saso W, Morishita R, Ogasawara Y, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, Sureau C, Suga H, Wakita T. De Novo Macrocyclic Peptide Inhibitors of Hepatitis B Virus Cellular Entry. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:906-915.e5. [PMID: 29779957 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) constitutes a significant public health burden, and currently available treatment options are not generally curative, necessitating the development of new therapeutics. Here we have applied random non-standard peptide integrated discovery (RaPID) screening to identify small macrocyclic peptide inhibitors of HBV entry that target the cell-surface receptor for HBV, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). In addition to their anti-HBV activity, these molecules also inhibit cellular entry by the related hepatitis D virus (HDV), and are active against diverse strains of HBV (including clinically relevant nucleos(t)ide analog-resistant and vaccine escaping strains). Importantly, these macrocyclic peptides, in contrast to other NTCP-binding HBV entry inhibitors, exhibited no inhibition of NTCP-mediated bile acid uptake, making them appealing candidates for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Passioura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan; JST CREST, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kento Fukano
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose 204-8588, Japan
| | - Satomi Shimura
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Wakana Saso
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ryo Morishita
- CellFree Sciences Co., Ltd., Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogasawara
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose 204-8588, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medicinal Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa 272-8516, Japan
| | - Camille Sureau
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, INSERM U1134, Paris 75015, France
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; JST CREST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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Khurana H, Malhotra P, Sachdeva MU, Varma N, Bose P, Yanamandra U, Varma S, Khadwal A, Lad D, Prakash G. Danazol increases T regulatory cells in patients with aplastic anemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 23:496-500. [PMID: 29415633 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2018.1435045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Danazol is an attenuated androgen and is used in the treatment of aplastic anemia (AA) in resource constraint settings. We chose to study the role of CD4+ CD25high CD127low FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (T-regs) in the pathophysiology of AA and their response to treatment with Danazol alone or in combination with immunosuppressive treatment (IST). METHODS T-regs' percentages of 25 acquired idiopathic AA patients and 25 healthy controls who completed study protocol were analyzed by performing multicolor flowcytometry on peripheral blood samples. RESULTS More than one-third (36%) of AA patients in our study received Danazol as monotherapy, whereas less than a third (32%) each received standard doses of IST with equine Anti Thymocyte Globulin (ATG) and Cyclosporine combination, or Cyclosporine and Danazol combination, respectively. Results showed that all AA patients had a significantly lower percentage of T-regs at the time of diagnosis when compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001), implicating their role in the pathophysiology. On treatment, all 25 patients showed a significant rise in the percentage of T-regs when compared to baseline (p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION The rise in T-regs' percentage was higher in patients treated with Danazol alone when compared to standard IST (ATG with Cyclosporine), or Cyclosporine with Danazol combinations (p = 0.585). CONCLUSION We conclude that Danazol also leads to increase in T-regs in acquired idiopathic AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Khurana
- a Department of Clinical Hematology, Medical Division , Command Hospital Air Force , Bangalore , India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India
| | - Man Updesh Sachdeva
- c Department of Hematology , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India
| | - Neelam Varma
- c Department of Hematology , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India
| | - Parveen Bose
- c Department of Hematology , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India
| | - Uday Yanamandra
- d Department of Clinical Hematology , Army Hospital Research and Referral , Delhi , India
| | - Subhash Varma
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India
| | - Alka Khadwal
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India
| | - Deepesh Lad
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India
| | - Gaurav Prakash
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India
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Deng W, Miao C, Zhang X. Abrupt generalized pustules in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease. J Dermatol 2017; 45:198-201. [PMID: 29168210 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a 30-year-old Chinese woman with rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease who abruptly developed generalized pustules and a high fever for 10 days. She had been taking oral prednisone, iguratimod and total glucosides of peony regularly for 5 months prior. In addition, she had taken metronidazole for 3 days 20 days prior which she had used before with no adverse reaction. She had no history of similar lesions and psoriasis. A biopsy of a pustule on the back showed spongiform pustule of Kogoj. She was suspected of having generalized pustular psoriasis or acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. Finally, she was diagnosed with generalized pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch type) considering the characteristics and clinical course of the rash. In addition to the above three drugs, systemic cyclosporin (5 mg/kg per day) was applied, and the lesions and fever resolved within the proceeding 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyang Miao
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Asante-Korang A, Carapellucci J, Krasnopero D, Doyle A, Brown B, Amankwah E. Conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to mTOR inhibitors as primary immunosuppressive drugs in pediatric heart transplantation. Clin Transplant 2017; 31. [PMID: 28708333 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There are only a few reports of successful use of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORI) as primary immunosuppression in pediatric heart transplantation. Compared to calcineurin inhibitors, mTORI have less side effects, especially nephrotoxicity, infections, and malignancies. A retrospective study was conducted at our institution of all 170 heart transplants from 1995 to 2015. Nineteen patients were switched from tacrolimus (n=15) or cyclosporin (n=4) to everolimus (n=4) or sirolimus (n=15) due to nephrotoxicity (n=5), malignancy (n=8), EBV viremia/reactive plasmacytic changes (n=5), and immune hemolytic anemia (n=1). We monitored for rejection, infection, BUN, creatinine, hyperlipidemia, EBV and CMV copies, CBC, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), and death. Target trough levels of sirolimus and everolimus were 4-10. Four treatment failures included debilitating rash, bone marrow suppression, recurrent rejection, and renal transplantation. There were no deaths. One patient had recurrent rejection episodes, and tacrolimus was reinitiated. One patient with preexisting CAV underwent heart retransplantation. One patient, who was treated for PTLD, transformed to CD30+ Hodgkins disease, and was treated with brentuximab. There were three acute rejection episodes. Median creatinine preswitch was higher 0.82 than postswitch 0.78 (P=.016). Median eGFR was lower preswitch, 75.6, than postswitch, 91.2 (P=.0004). These results indicate that conversion to mTORI as primary immunosuppression may be safely accomplished in some pediatric heart transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Asante-Korang
- Divisions of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Carapellucci
- Divisions of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Diane Krasnopero
- Divisions of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Abigail Doyle
- Divisions of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Brian Brown
- Pharmacy, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Ernest Amankwah
- Center for Translational Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL, USA.,Hematology Oncology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL, USA
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