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van de Donk PP, Oosting SF, Knapen DG, van der Wekken AJ, Brouwers AH, Lub-de Hooge MN, de Groot DJA, de Vries EG. Molecular imaging to support cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004949. [PMID: 35922089 PMCID: PMC9352987 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has reinvigorated the field of immuno-oncology. These monoclonal antibody-based therapies allow the immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant cells. This has resulted in improved survival of patients across several tumor types. However, not all patients respond to immunotherapy therefore predictive biomarkers are important. There are only a few Food and Drug Administration-approved biomarkers to select patients for immunotherapy. These biomarkers do not consider the heterogeneity of tumor characteristics across lesions within a patient. New molecular imaging tracers allow for whole-body visualization with positron emission tomography (PET) of tumor and immune cell characteristics, and drug distribution, which might guide treatment decision making. Here, we summarize recent developments in molecular imaging of immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-L1, PD-1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3. We discuss several molecular imaging approaches of immune cell subsets and briefly summarize the role of FDG-PET for evaluating cancer immunotherapy. The main focus is on developments in clinical molecular imaging studies, next to preclinical studies of interest given their potential translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim P van de Donk
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoukje F Oosting
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan G Knapen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anthonie J van der Wekken
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrienne H Brouwers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn N Lub-de Hooge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Derk-Jan A de Groot
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Ge de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Padinharayil H, Varghese J, John MC, Rajanikant GK, Wilson CM, Al-Yozbaki M, Renu K, Dewanjee S, Sanyal R, Dey A, Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, George A. Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC): Implications on molecular pathology and advances in early diagnostics and therapeutics. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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53
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Evaluating the utility of an immune checkpoint-related lncRNA signature for identifying the prognosis and immunotherapy response of lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12785. [PMID: 35896612 PMCID: PMC9329438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most frequent subtype of lung cancer globally. However, the survival rate of lung adenocarcinoma patients remains low. Immune checkpoints and long noncoding RNAs are emerging as vital tools for predicting the immunotherapeutic response and outcomes of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. It is critical to identify lncRNAs associated with immune checkpoints in lung adenocarcinoma patients. In this study, immune checkpoint-related lncRNAs (IClncRNAs) were analysed and identified by coexpression. Based on the immune checkpoint-related lncRNAs, we divided patients with lung adenocarcinoma into two clusters and constructed a risk model. Kaplan–Meier analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and nomogram analysis of the 2 clusters and the risk model were performed. Finally, the potential immunotherapeutic prediction value of this model was discussed. The risk model consisting of 6 immune checkpoint-related lncRNAs was an independent predictor of survival. Through regrouping the patients with this model, we can distinguish between them more effectively in terms of their immunotherapeutic response, tumour microenvironment, and chemotherapy response. This risk model based on immune checkpoint-based lncRNAs may have an excellent clinical value for predicting the immunotherapeutic response and outcomes of patients with LUAD.
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Wen T, Su C, Cheng X, Wang Y, Ma T, Bai Z, Zhang H, Liu Z. Circulating myeloid-derived suppressors cells correlate with clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes undergoing neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1184-1194. [PMID: 34988921 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myeloid-derived suppressors cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous immunosuppressive cells, closely related to the development, efficacy and prognosis in various tumors. The relationship between clinicopathological characteristics, efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NCIO) and circulating MDSCs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated in this study. METHODS This study analyzed the clinical data of patients diagnosed at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital from November 2020 to August 2021. MDSCs and T cells subgroups were measured in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) at baseline. Flow cytometry was used to detect MDSCs and T cells subgroups. RESULTS A total of 78 patients with NSCLC and 20 patients with benign nodule underwent direct surgery. 23 patients with NSCLC scheduled to accept NCIO before surgery. NSCLC had elevated levels of total MDSCs, PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs compared to patients with benign nodule. MDSCs subgroups were correlated to the pTNM stage in NSCLC patients. The frequency of total MDSCs were moderately positively correlated with regulatory T cells (Tregs)(r = 0.3597, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with CD4 + T cells(r = 0.2714, P < 0.05). The baseline levels of total MDSCs, PMN-MDSCs and Tregs in pCR patients were significantly decreased than those of non-pCR patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Circulating MDSCs were increased in NSCLC patients. MDSC subgroups were related to pTNM stage in NSCLC patients. Total MDSCs were positively correlated with Tregs levels and negatively correlated with CD4 + T cells in peripheral blood. The level of MDSCs and Tregs in peripheral blood may have potential value in predicting pathological response in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wen
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - C Su
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - X Cheng
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - T Ma
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Bai
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Liu
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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55
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Donington JS. Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Exciting New Horizon in Early-Stage Lung Cancer Care. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:5344-5346. [PMID: 35622177 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-11915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Donington
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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56
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Cascone T, Fradette J, Pradhan M, Gibbons DL. Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022; 12:a037895. [PMID: 34580079 PMCID: PMC8957639 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Historically, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been regarded as a nonimmunogenic tumor; however, recent studies have shown that NSCLCs are among the most responsive cancers to monoclonal antibody immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). ICIs have dramatically improved clinical outcomes for a subset of patients (∼20%) with locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC, and they have also demonstrated promise as neoadjuvant therapy for early-stage resectable disease. Nevertheless, the majority of patients with NSCLC are refractory to ICIs for reasons that are poorly understood. Thus, major questions are: how do we initially identify the patients most likely to derive significant clinical benefit from these therapies; how can we increase the number of patients benefiting; what are the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to immune-based therapies; are there additional immune checkpoints besides PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 that can be targeted to provide greater clinical benefit to patients; and how do we best combine ICI therapy with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy? To answer these questions, we need to deploy the latest technologies to study tumors and their microenvironment and how they interact with components of the innate and adaptive immune systems. There is also a need for new preclinical model systems to investigate the molecular mechanisms of resistance to treatment and identify novel therapeutic targets. Recent advances in technology are beginning to shed new light on the immune landscape of NSCLC that may uncover biomarkers of response and maximize the clinical benefit of immune-based therapies. Identification of the mechanisms of resistance should lead to the identification of novel targets and the generation of new therapeutic strategies that improve outcomes for a greater number of patients. In the sections below, we discuss the results of studies examining the immune microenvironment in NSCLC, summarize the clinical experience with immunotherapy for NSCLC, and review candidate biomarkers of response to these agents in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jared Fradette
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Monika Pradhan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Wise-Draper TM, Gulati S, Palackdharry S, Hinrichs BH, Worden FP, Old MO, Dunlap NE, Kaczmar JM, Patil Y, Riaz MK, Tang A, Mark J, Zender C, Gillenwater AM, Bell D, Kurtzweil N, Mathews M, Allen CL, Mierzwa ML, Casper K, Jandarov R, Medvedovic M, Lee JJ, Harun N, Takiar V, Gillison M. Phase II Clinical Trial of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Pembrolizumab in Resectable Local-Regionally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1345-1352. [PMID: 35338369 PMCID: PMC8976828 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with resected, local-regionally advanced, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have a one-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate of 65%-69% despite adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy. Neoadjuvant PD-1 immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated clinical activity, but biomarkers of response and effect on survival remain unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients had resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, larynx, hypopharynx, or oropharynx (p16-negative) and clinical stage T3-T4 and/or two or more nodal metastases or clinical extracapsular nodal extension (ENE). Patients received neoadjuvant pembrolizumab 200 mg 1-3 weeks prior to surgery, were stratified by absence (intermediate-risk) or presence (high-risk) of positive margins and/or ENE, and received adjuvant radiotherapy (60-66 Gy) and concurrent pembrolizumab (every 3 weeks × 6 doses). Patients with high-risk HNSCC also received weekly, concurrent cisplatin (40 mg/m2). Primary outcome was one-year DFS. Secondary endpoints were one-year overall survival (OS) and pathologic response (PR). Safety was evaluated with CTCAE v5.0. RESULTS From February 2016 to October 2020, 92 patients enrolled. The median age was 59 years (range, 27-80), 30% were female, 86% had stage T3-T4, and 69% had ≥N2. At a median follow-up of 28 months, one-year DFS was 97% (95% CI, 71%-90%) in the intermediate-risk group and 66% (95% CI, 55%-84%) in the high-risk group. Patients with a PR had significantly improved one-year DFS relative to patients without response (93% vs. 72%, hazard ratio 0.29; 95% CI, 11%-77%). No new safety signals were identified. CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant and adjuvant pembrolizumab increased one-year DFS rate in intermediate-risk, but not high-risk, HNSCC relative to historical control. PR to neoadjuvant ICB is a promising surrogate for DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuchi Gulati
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Matthew O Old
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Neal E Dunlap
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - John M Kaczmar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yash Patil
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Alice Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jonathan Mark
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Chad Zender
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Diana Bell
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Maria Mathews
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Casey L Allen
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michelle L Mierzwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Keith Casper
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Roman Jandarov
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - J Jack Lee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nusrat Harun
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Vinita Takiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Maura Gillison
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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58
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Borden ES, Ghafoor S, Buetow KH, LaFleur BJ, Wilson MA, Hastings KT. NeoScore Integrates Characteristics of the Neoantigen:MHC Class I Interaction and Expression to Accurately Prioritize Immunogenic Neoantigens. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1813-1827. [PMID: 35304420 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accurate prioritization of immunogenic neoantigens is key to developing personalized cancer vaccines and distinguishing those patients likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibition. However, there is no consensus regarding which characteristics best predict neoantigen immunogenicity, and no model to date has both high sensitivity and specificity and a significant association with survival in response to immunotherapy. We address these challenges in the prioritization of immunogenic neoantigens by (1) identifying which neoantigen characteristics best predict immunogenicity; (2) integrating these characteristics into an immunogenicity score, the NeoScore; and (3) demonstrating a significant association of the NeoScore with survival in response to immune checkpoint inhibition. One thousand random and evenly split combinations of immunogenic and nonimmunogenic neoantigens from a validated dataset were analyzed using a regularized regression model for characteristic selection. The selected characteristics, the dissociation constant and binding stability of the neoantigen:MHC class I complex and expression of the mutated gene in the tumor, were integrated into the NeoScore. A web application is provided for calculation of the NeoScore. The NeoScore results in improved, or equivalent, performance in four test datasets as measured by sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operator characteristics curve compared with previous models. Among cutaneous melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibition, a high maximum NeoScore was associated with improved survival. Overall, the NeoScore has the potential to improve neoantigen prioritization for the development of personalized vaccines and contribute to the determination of which patients are likely to respond to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Borden
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ.,Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Suhail Ghafoor
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Kenneth H Buetow
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; and
| | | | - Melissa A Wilson
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; and
| | - K Taraszka Hastings
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ; .,Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
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Borden ES, Buetow KH, Wilson MA, Hastings KT. Cancer Neoantigens: Challenges and Future Directions for Prediction, Prioritization, and Validation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:836821. [PMID: 35311072 PMCID: PMC8929516 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.836821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prioritization of immunogenic neoantigens is key to enhancing cancer immunotherapy through the development of personalized vaccines, adoptive T cell therapy, and the prediction of response to immune checkpoint inhibition. Neoantigens are tumor-specific proteins that allow the immune system to recognize and destroy a tumor. Cancer immunotherapies, such as personalized cancer vaccines, adoptive T cell therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibition, rely on an understanding of the patient-specific neoantigen profile in order to guide personalized therapeutic strategies. Genomic approaches to predicting and prioritizing immunogenic neoantigens are rapidly expanding, raising new opportunities to advance these tools and enhance their clinical relevance. Predicting neoantigens requires acquisition of high-quality samples and sequencing data, followed by variant calling and variant annotation. Subsequently, prioritizing which of these neoantigens may elicit a tumor-specific immune response requires application and integration of tools to predict the expression, processing, binding, and recognition potentials of the neoantigen. Finally, improvement of the computational tools is held in constant tension with the availability of datasets with validated immunogenic neoantigens. The goal of this review article is to summarize the current knowledge and limitations in neoantigen prediction, prioritization, and validation and propose future directions that will improve personalized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Borden
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Research and Internal Medicine (Dermatology), Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Kenneth H Buetow
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Melissa A Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Karen Taraszka Hastings
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Research and Internal Medicine (Dermatology), Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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60
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Zhang H, Liu M, Du G, Yu B, Ma X, Gui Y, Cao L, Li X, Tan B. Immune checkpoints related-LncRNAs can identify different subtypes of lung cancer and predict immunotherapy and prognosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1597-1612. [PMID: 35296921 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common subtype of lung cancer in the world. However, the survival rate of non-small cell lung cancer patients remains low currently. Immune checkpoint and long non-coding RNAs are emerging as critical roles in prognostic significance and the immunotherapeutic response of non-small cell lung cancer. It is critical to discern LncRNAs related with immune checkpoints in patients with Non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS In this study, immune checkpoint-linked LncRNAs were determined and achieved by the co-expression analysis. Immune checkpoint-linked LncRNAs with noteworthy prognostic value (P < 0.05) gained were next utilized to separate into two cluster by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). Univariate and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were applied to construct an immune checkpoint-linked LncRNAs model. Kaplan-Meier analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and the nomogram were utilized to investigate the LncRNAs model. Lastly, the capability immunotherapy and chemotherapy prediction value of this risk model were also estimated. RESULTS The model consisting of ten immune checkpoint-related LncRNAs was acknowledged to be a self-determining predictor of prognosis. Through regrouping the NSCLC patients by this model, difference between them more efficiently on immunotherapeutic response, tumor microenvironment and chemotherapy response could be discovered. This risk model related to the immune checkpoint-based LncRNAs may have an excellent clinical prediction for prognosis and the immunotherapeutic response in patients with NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS We performed an integrative analysis of LncRNAs linked with immune checkpoints and emphasized the significance of NSCLC subtypes classification, immune checkpoints related LncRNAs in estimating the tumor microenvironment score, immune cell infiltration of the tumor, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1, Maoyuan south road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, 637000, People's Republic of China
- North Sichuan Medical College, No. 55 Dongshun road, Gaoping district, Nanchong, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihan Liu
- North Sichuan Medical College, No. 55 Dongshun road, Gaoping district, Nanchong, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobo Du
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1, Maoyuan south road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, 637000, People's Republic of China
- North Sichuan Medical College, No. 55 Dongshun road, Gaoping district, Nanchong, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yu
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, No. 16 Jingxiangzi, Lizhou district, Guangyuan, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1, Maoyuan south road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, 637000, People's Republic of China
- North Sichuan Medical College, No. 55 Dongshun road, Gaoping district, Nanchong, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gui
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1, Maoyuan south road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, 637000, People's Republic of China
- North Sichuan Medical College, No. 55 Dongshun road, Gaoping district, Nanchong, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1, Maoyuan south road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, 637000, People's Republic of China
- North Sichuan Medical College, No. 55 Dongshun road, Gaoping district, Nanchong, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfu Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1, Maoyuan south road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, 637000, People's Republic of China.
- North Sichuan Medical College, No. 55 Dongshun road, Gaoping district, Nanchong, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bangxian Tan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1, Maoyuan south road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, 637000, People's Republic of China.
- North Sichuan Medical College, No. 55 Dongshun road, Gaoping district, Nanchong, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China.
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Neoadjuvant Sintilimab and Chemotherapy for Resectable Stage IIIA Non-small-cell Lung Cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2022; 114:949-958. [PMID: 35176262 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell-lung-cancer remains investigational and requires prospective validation. This phase II trial (ChiCTR1900023758) aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor, sintilimab, in addition to chemotherapy in the management of resectable stage IIIA non-small-cell-lung-cancer. METHODS Eligible patients received two to four 21-day-cycles of neoadjuvant therapy: sintilimab (200mg) and carboplatin (area under the curve5) on day1, gemcitabine (1000mg/m2) on day1 and day8 for squamous-cell-carcinoma or pemetrexed (500mg/m2) on day1 for adenocarcinoma and non-small-cell-lung-cancer-not otherwise specified. The primary endpoints were adverse events and major pathological response. The secondary endpoint was disease-free-survival at 1 year. RESULTS Fifty patients were enrolled, and 23 (46%) achieved partial response after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. Four (8%) patients experienced grade 3-5 adverse events. Thirty patients received surgery, none of whom experienced treatment-related-surgery-delays, and 13 (13/30, 43.3%) patients achieved major pathological response (viable tumor ≤10%). With a median follow-up of 13.6 months, 85.3% of patients were disease-free at 1 year (N=50). CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant sintilimab with platinum-containing dual-agent chemotherapy was feasible and safe for patients with resectable stage IIIA non-small-cell-lung-cancer.
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Xu J, Wu Y, Xu Y, Qiu Y, Li X, Song Y, Zhang L. Safety of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Resectable Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:802672. [PMID: 35173721 PMCID: PMC8841351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.802672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has preliminarily been effective in multiple resectable cancers. However, its safety is still largely unknown. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to February 28th, 2021. Pooled incidence and risk ratio (RR) of adverse events were calculated using the R software. Results Twenty-eight studies involving 2863 patients were included. First, the incidence for all-grade treatment-related adverse events (trAEs) was 94% (95% CI, 81%-98%), with 43% (95% CI, 24%-64%) for high-grade trAEs. For different treatment groups, neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus chemotherapy was associated with a higher incidence of all-grade [99% (95% CI, 98%-99%) vs. 76% (95% CI 47%-92%); P < 0.001] and high-grade [80% (58%-92%) vs. 15% (9%-24%); P < 0.001] trAEs compared with neoadjuvant ICIs alone. The most common high-grade trAEs were lipase increased (5%; 95% CI, 2%-10%), colitis (3%; 95% CI, 0-7%) and transaminitis (3%; 95% CI, 0-7%) for neoadjuvant ICIs, and neutropenia (53%; 95% CI, 31%-74%), anemia (8%; 95% CI, 3%-15%) and AST increased (4%; 95% CI, 2%-7%) for neoadjuvant ICIs plus chemotherapy. Furthermore, the incidence rates of progressive disease while on treatment, treatment-related surgical delays and deaths were 6% (95% CI, 4%-10%), 3.2% (12 of 377 patients) and 0.47% (5 of 1075 patients), respectively. Conclusion Compared with neoadjuvant ICIs alone, neoadjuvant ICIs plus chemotherapy had a higher incidence of trAEs. In addition, neoadjuvant immunotherapy had a low rate of progressive diseases, surgical delays and deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuedan Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yumeng Song
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zhang,
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Deng H, Zhao Y, Cai X, Chen H, Cheng B, Zhong R, Li F, Xiong S, Li J, Liu J, He J, Liang W. PD-L1 expression and Tumor mutation burden as Pathological response biomarkers of Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for Early-stage Non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 170:103582. [PMID: 35031441 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no approved biomarker for predicting pathological response in neoadjuvant programmed cell death (ligand) 1 (PD-(L)1) blockades treated early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Databases including PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Conference abstracts were searched for clinical trials of neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 blockades for resectable NSCLC. Data regarding major pathological response (MPR), pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with high/low pretreatment PD-L1 expression, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were synthesized using fixed-model meta-analysis and evaluated by odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. This analysis included 10 studies involving 461 NSCLC patients. Compared with PD-L1 expression <1%, PD-L1 expression ≥1% is associated with a higher rate of MPR and pCR. High-TMB associated with MPR and pCR. Similar findings were observed in subgroup analyses despite mono-PD-1/PD-L1 blockade or their combination with chemotherapy. Notably, 50% as the cutoff value for PD-L1 expression demonstrated better prediction efficacy for MPR than that of 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyu Cai
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hualin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China.
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Genova C, Dellepiane C, Carrega P, Sommariva S, Ferlazzo G, Pronzato P, Gangemi R, Filaci G, Coco S, Croce M. Therapeutic Implications of Tumor Microenvironment in Lung Cancer: Focus on Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Front Immunol 2022; 12:799455. [PMID: 35069581 PMCID: PMC8777268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.799455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been revolutionized by the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) directed against programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4). In spite of these improvements, some patients do not achieve any benefit from ICI, and inevitably develop resistance to therapy over time. Tumor microenvironment (TME) might influence response to immunotherapy due to its prominent role in the multiple interactions between neoplastic cells and the immune system. Studies investigating lung cancer from the perspective of TME pointed out a complex scenario where tumor angiogenesis, soluble factors, immune suppressive/regulatory elements and cells composing TME itself participate to tumor growth. In this review, we point out the current state of knowledge involving the relationship between tumor cells and the components of TME in NSCLC as well as their interactions with immunotherapy providing an update on novel predictors of benefit from currently employed ICI or new therapeutic targets of investigational agents. In first place, increasing evidence suggests that TME might represent a promising biomarker of sensitivity to ICI, based on the presence of immune-modulating cells, such as Treg, myeloid derived suppressor cells, and tumor associated macrophages, which are known to induce an immunosuppressive environment, poorly responsive to ICI. Consequently, multiple clinical studies have been designed to influence TME towards a pro-immunogenic state and subsequently improve the activity of ICI. Currently, the mostly employed approach relies on the association of "classic" ICI targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and novel agents directed on molecules, such as LAG-3 and TIM-3. To date, some trials have already shown promising results, while a multitude of prospective studies are ongoing, and their results might significantly influence the future approach to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Genova
- UO Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche (DIMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Dellepiane
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Carrega
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Sommariva
- SuPerconducting and Other INnovative Materials and Devices Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-SPIN), Genova, Italy
- Life Science Computational Laboratory (LISCOMP), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Pronzato
- UO Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gangemi
- UO Bioterapie, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Gilberto Filaci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche (DIMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- UO Bioterapie, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Croce
- UO Bioterapie, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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Immunotherapy for Neuro-oncology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1342:233-258. [PMID: 34972967 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-79308-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has changed the landscape of treatment of many solid and hematological malignancies and is at the forefront of cancer breakthroughs. Several circumstances unique to the central nervous system (CNS) such as limited space for an inflammatory response, difficulties with repeated sampling, corticosteroid use for management of cerebral edema, and immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor and brain parenchyma have posed challenges in clinical development of immunotherapy for intracranial tumors. Nonetheless, the success of immunotherapy in brain metastases (BMs) from solid cancers such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) proves that the CNS is not an immune-privileged organ and is capable of initiating and regulating immune responses that lead to tumor control. However, the development of immunotherapeutics for the most malignant primary brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM), has been challenging due to systemic and profound tumor-mediated immunosuppression unique to GBM, intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, and lack of stably expressed clonal antigens. Here, we review recent advances in the field of immunotherapy for neuro-oncology with a focus on BM, GBM, and rare CNS cancers.
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Programmed death ligand 2 expression plays a limited role in adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction after preoperative chemotherapy. Eur Surg 2021; 53:287-293. [PMID: 34868284 PMCID: PMC8616873 DOI: 10.1007/s10353-021-00700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy on the expression of programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2) are unknown and little is known about how the tumor microenvironment changes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (AEG). Recently, a number of studies reported that cytotoxic chemotherapy affects the expression levels of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-L1). Regarding PD-L2, the second known ligand of PD‑1, no data on potential changes in expression patterns in patients with preoperatively treated AEG are available. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cytotoxic chemotherapy on PD-L2 expression in patients with resectable AEG. Methods Consecutive patients with locally advanced AEG treated with preoperative cytotoxic chemotherapy were included. PD-L2 expression by cancer cells (CCs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was investigated in samples of paired diagnostic biopsies and resected tumor specimens by immunohistochemistry using two different anti-PD-L2 antibodies. Results Included were 40 patients with AEG and available paired tumor tissue samples. PD-L2 expression was observed in one diagnostic biopsy sample by CCs and in one diagnostic biopsy sample by TILs. There was no difference concerning the expression levels measured by the two antibodies. Conclusion In contrast to previously published studies reporting PD-L2 expression rates of up to 50% in AEGs, in our cohort, PD-L2 expression seems to play no significant role in AEG.
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Lee JM, Kim AW, Marjanski T, Falcoz PE, Tsuboi M, Wu YL, Sun SW, Gitlitz BJ. Important Surgical and Clinical End Points in Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Trials in Resectable NSCLC. JTO Clin Res Rep 2021; 2:100221. [PMID: 34746882 PMCID: PMC8552106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2021.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy may improve outcomes in patients with resectable NSCLC and is being evaluated in phase 2 and 3 studies. Nevertheless, preoperative treatment postpones resection; the potential for increased surgical complexity and greater intra- and postoperative morbidity and mortality is an additional consideration. In studies primarily designed to evaluate efficacy, the impact of neoadjuvant immunotherapy on surgery is based on parameters that are poorly defined and reported differently between studies. Defining and reporting common end points among trials would improve understanding and facilitate cross-comparison of different immunotherapy regimens and may facilitate wider adoption of induction therapies by surgeons and oncologists. We propose several surgical end points and related metrics for neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable NSCLC. These include the periods from screening to treatment initiation and from last neoadjuvant dose to surgery; reporting of the allowable window for surgery to preclude masking delays caused by induction treatment-related toxicity; complete resection (R0) rate; preoperative downstaging; a standardized list of immune-related adverse events and associated delay to surgery; preoperative attrition; postoperative attrition before adjuvant therapy; and postoperative 30- and 90-day mortality and morbidity rates. Intraoperative end points (blood loss, duration, and type of surgery) and our proposed system of grading complexity based on lymphadenopathy and fibrosis would allow quantitation of technical difficulty and quality of oncologic resection. In conclusion, the standardization, reporting, and prospective inclusion of these end points in study protocols would provide a comparative overview of the impact of different neoadjuvant immunotherapy regimens on surgery and ultimately clinical oncologic outcomes in resectable NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Lee
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anthony W Kim
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tomasz Marjanski
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery & Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shawn W Sun
- Product Development Clinical Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Barbara J Gitlitz
- Product Development Clinical Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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Qu Y, Wang C, Liu L, Li S, Zhang X, Ma Z, Bai H, Wang J. Predictive Value of Max's Giant Associated Protein Mutation in Outcomes of Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728647. [PMID: 34733843 PMCID: PMC8558674 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has considerably improved prognosis in multiple cancers. However, regardless of PD-L1 expression and TMB, better predictive biomarkers are required to identify ICI-responsive patients. We analyzed a pan-cancer cohort as the discovery cohort to identify the role of Max’s giant associated protein (MGA) mutation in the outcome of ICI treatment in different types of cancers. A pooled lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cohort was considered as the validation cohort. Another two LUAD cohorts who received conventional treatment were included for prognostic analysis and mechanism exploration. In the discovery cohort, MGA mutation was a favorable survival biomarker for patients with LUAD than in those with other types of cancers. MGA mutation was positively correlated with the TMB score. The results of the validation cohort were consistent with those of the discovery cohort. Patients with MGA mutation in the TMB-low subgroup had longer survival. Two LUAD cohorts who received standard treatment showed that the MGA mutation was not a prognostic biomarker for standard treatment. Mechanically, we found that the co-mutant genes did not affect the prognostic role of MGA mutation. Gene-set enrichment analysis revealed that genes belonging to the immunodeficiency pathway were enriched in the MGA wild-type group in LUAD. Moreover, activated NK cells were more enriched in the MGA mutant LUAD group. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that MGA mutation was an independent predictive biomarker for ICI therapy. These results may provide a novel insight into identifying potential patients with LUAD for ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sini Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Liu S, Knochelmann HM, Lomeli SH, Hong A, Richardson M, Yang Z, Lim RJ, Wang Y, Dumitras C, Krysan K, Timmers C, Romeo MJ, Krieg C, O’Quinn EC, Horton JD, Dubinett SM, Paulos CM, Neskey DM, Lo RS. Response and recurrence correlates in individuals treated with neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy for resectable oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100411. [PMID: 34755131 PMCID: PMC8561238 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade may be efficacious in some individuals with high-risk, resectable oral cavity head and neck cancer. To explore correlates of response patterns to neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment and post-surgical recurrences, we analyzed longitudinal tumor and blood samples in a cohort of 12 individuals displaying 33% responsiveness. Pretreatment tumor-based detection of FLT4 mutations and PTEN signature enrichment favors response, and high tumor mutational burden improves recurrence-free survival. In contrast, preexisting and/or acquired mutations (in CDKN2A, YAP1, or JAK2) correlate with innate resistance and/or tumor recurrence. Immunologically, tumor response after therapy entails T cell receptor repertoire diversification in peripheral blood and intratumoral expansion of preexisting T cell clones. A high ratio of regulatory T to T helper 17 cells in pretreatment blood predicts low T cell receptor repertoire diversity in pretreatment blood, a low cytolytic T cell signature in pretreatment tumors, and innate resistance. Our study provides a molecular framework to advance neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy for individuals with resectable head and neck cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/immunology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Janus Kinase 2/genetics
- Janus Kinase 2/immunology
- Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/immunology
- Mouth Neoplasms/surgery
- Mutation
- Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery
- Nivolumab/therapeutic use
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
- Treatment Outcome
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3/immunology
- YAP-Signaling Proteins/genetics
- YAP-Signaling Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixue Liu
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hannah M. Knochelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shirley H. Lomeli
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aayoung Hong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mary Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zhentao Yang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Raymond J. Lim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Camelia Dumitras
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Martin J. Romeo
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Carsten Krieg
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. O’Quinn
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Joshua D. Horton
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Steve M. Dubinett
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chrystal M. Paulos
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David M. Neskey
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Roger S. Lo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Jani C, Marshall DC, Singh H, Goodall R, Shalhoub J, Al Omari O, Salciccioli JD, Thomson CC. Lung cancer mortality in Europe and the USA between 2000 and 2017: an observational analysis. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00311-2021. [PMID: 34988220 PMCID: PMC8711085 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00311-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lung is the most common site for cancer and has the highest worldwide cancer-related mortality. Our study reports and compares trends in lung cancer mortality in the USA and 26 European countries. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Lung cancer mortality data were extracted for males and females for each of the years 2000-2017 from the World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WONDER databases. Lung cancer mortality trends were compared using Joinpoint regression analysis, and male-to-female mortality ratios were calculated. RESULTS Down-trending lung cancer mortality rates were observed in males in all countries except Cyprus and Portugal between 2000 and 2017. In females, increasing mortality rates were observed in 22 of the 27 countries analysed. Latvia had the highest estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in male mortality (-9.6%) between 2013 and 2015. In the USA, EAPCs were -5.1% for males and -4.2% for females between 2014 and 2017. All countries had an overall decrease in the ratio of male-to-female lung cancer mortality. The most recent observation of median male-to-female mortality was 2.26 (IQR 1.92-4.05). The countries with the greatest current sex disparity in lung cancer mortality were Lithuania (5.51) and Latvia (5.00). CONCLUSION Between 2000 and 2017, lung cancer mortality rates were decreasing for males in Europe and the USA, whereas increasing lung cancer mortality rates were generally observed in females. There is a persistent but decreasing sex-mortality gap, with men having persistently greater lung cancer mortality but with rates decreasing faster than women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Jani
- Dept of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital/Beth Israel Lahey Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Harpreet Singh
- Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Richard Goodall
- Dept of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Joseph Shalhoub
- Dept of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College of London, London, UK
- Imperial Vascular Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Omar Al Omari
- Dept of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital/Beth Israel Lahey Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin D. Salciccioli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Carey C. Thomson
- Dept of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital/Beth Israel Lahey Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
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71
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Jomrich G, Kollmann D, Ramazanova D, Ristl R, Grose RP, Ilhan-Mutlu A, Preusser M, Fassnacht C, Tsai YC, Guenova E, Schoppmann SF. Expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) in adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction change significantly after neoadjuvant treatment. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 48:383-390. [PMID: 34404561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy on the expression of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) in cancer cells and peritumoral cells are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction. METHODS PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in paired diagnostic biopsies and surgical specimens from patients with pretreated and curatively resected adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Paired tumor samples were available from 40 patients. PD-1 expression in cancer cells (p < 0.001; Exact Symmetry Test) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (p < 0.001; Exact Symmetry Test) increased significantly after neoadjuvant therapy. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease in PD-L1 expression in cancer cells (p = 0.003) after neoadjuvant therapy was observed. CONCLUSION In this study we could show that tumor-cell expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was significantly altered in patients with adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Based on these observations, patients might profit from the combined use of cytotoxic chemotherapy and the blockade of the PD-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Jomrich
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Upper-GI-Service, GET-Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kollmann
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Upper-GI-Service, GET-Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dariga Ramazanova
- Section for Medical Statistics (IMS), Center of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin Ristl
- Section for Medical Statistics (IMS), Center of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard P Grose
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Aysegül Ilhan-Mutlu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, GET-Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, GET-Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Fassnacht
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Av de Beaumont 29, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Chien Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Av de Beaumont 29, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Av de Beaumont 29, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian F Schoppmann
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Upper-GI-Service, GET-Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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72
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Lee JM, Tsuboi M, Brunelli A. Surgical perspective on neoadjuvant immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:1505-1515. [PMID: 34339672 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With a 5% improvement in 5-year overall survival achieved with current neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, new treatments for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are urgently needed. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is established in metastatic NSCLC and is being evaluated in resectable NSCLC. METHODS Publications and conference databases and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for reports on clinical studies of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with early resectable NSCLC. RESULTS Potential advantages of neoadjuvant ICI include earlier treatment of micrometastatic disease; activation of a broader, potentially durable immune response by the whole tumor and associated lymph nodes; and pathologic assessment of neoadjuvant treatment response, which may guide adjuvant therapy. Surgical considerations include delays to surgery, potential disease progression preventing curative resection, and perioperative morbidity and mortality. Surrogate endpoints of efficacy (pathologic complete response, major pathologic response) and biomarkers predictive of outcome (programmed death ligand 1 expression, tumor mutational burden and circulating tumor DNA) can accelerate clinical trial completion and early-stage treatment development; their application in neoadjuvant ICI studies in NSCLC is reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Phase 2 trials of neoadjuvant ICI alone or with chemotherapy showed encouraging safety and efficacy in patients with resectable NSCLC, warranting the ongoing phase 3 studies of neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy. Preoperative and intraoperative unresectability following neoadjuvant ICI appear comparable to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. To help thoracic surgeons and medical oncologists to distinguish amongst ICI beyond efficacy as phase 3 data emerge, surgery-related endpoints for perioperative morbidity, mortality, and complexity should be defined, standardized, incorporated into trial designs, and reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Lee
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Division of Thoracic Surgery.
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Oncology
| | - Alessandro Brunelli
- University of Leeds and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK, Department of Thoracic Surgery
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73
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Antitumor efficacy and reduced toxicity using an anti-CD137 Probody therapeutic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025930118. [PMID: 34172583 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025930118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Costimulation via CD137 (4-1BB) enhances antitumor immunity mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Anti-CD137 agonist antibodies elicit mild liver inflammation in mice, and the maximum tolerated dose of Urelumab, an anti-human CD137 agonist monoclonal antibody, in the clinic was defined by liver inflammation-related side effects. A protease-activated prodrug form of the anti-mouse CD137 agonist antibody 1D8 (1D8 Probody therapeutic, Pb-Tx) was constructed and found to be selectively activated in the tumor microenvironment. This construct, which encompasses a protease-cleavable linker holding in place a peptide that masks the antigen binding site, exerted antitumor effects comparable to the unmodified antibody but did not result in liver inflammation. Moreover, it efficaciously synergized with both PD-1 blockade and adoptive T-cell therapy. Surprisingly, minimal active Pb-Tx reached tumor-draining lymph nodes, and regional lymphadenectomy did not abrogate antitumor efficacy. By contrast, S1P receptor-dependent recirculation of T cells was absolutely required for efficacy. The preferential cleavage of the anti-CD137 Pb-Tx by tumor proteases offers multiple therapeutic opportunities, including neoadjuvant therapy, as shown by experiments in which the Pb-Tx is given prior to surgery to avoid spontaneous metastases.
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TremelImumab and Durvalumab Combination for the Non-OperatIve Management (NOM) of Microsatellite InstabiliTY (MSI)-High Resectable Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer: The Multicentre, Single-Arm, Multi-Cohort, Phase II INFINITY Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112839. [PMID: 34200267 PMCID: PMC8201030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The status of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) in gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC) patients eligible for radical surgery proved to be prognostic for an improved survival outcome and predictive for poor/no benefit from the combination of adjuvant/peri-operative chemotherapy. MSI-H tumors display a high sensitivity to immunotherapy and exploratory studies showed that a pre-operative treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors may achieve elevated rates of pathological complete responses. The ongoing proof-of-concept INFINITY study is aimed at investigating the role of the combo-immunotherapy durvalumab plus tremelimumab as a neoadjuvant or potentially definitive treatment (avoiding surgery in case of complete clinical response) for MSI-H resectable GC/GEJC patients. Abstract In resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC), the powerful positive prognostic effect and the potential predictive value for a lack of benefit from the combination of adjuvant/peri-operative chemotherapy for the MSI-high status was demonstrated. Given the high sensitivity of MSI-high tumors for immunotherapy, exploratory trials showed that combination immunotherapy induces a high rate of complete pathological response (pCR), potentially achieving cancer cure without surgery. INFINITY is an ongoing phase II, multicentre, single-arm, multi-cohort trial investigating the activity and safety of tremelimumab and durvalumab as neoadjuvant (Cohort 1) or potentially definitive (Cohort 2) treatment for MSI-high/dMMR/EBV-negative, resectable GC/GEJC. About 310 patients will be pre-screened, to enroll a total of 31 patients, 18 and 13 in Cohort 1 and 2, at 25 Italian Centres. The primary endpoint of Cohort 1 is rate of pCR (ypT0N0) and negative ctDNA after neoadjuvant immunotherapy, of Cohort 2 is 2-year complete response rate, defined as absence of macroscopic or microscopic residual disease (locally/regionally/distantly) at radiological examinations, tissue and liquid biopsy, during non-operative management without salvage gastrectomy. The ongoing INFINITY proof-of-concept study may provide evidence on immunotherapy and the potential omission of surgery in localized/locally advanced GC/GEJC patients selected for dMMR/MSI-high status eligible for radical resection.
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75
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Wilson KC, Flood MP, Oh D, Calvin N, Michael M, Ramsay RG, Heriot AG. Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Lower Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Systematic Review. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:7463-7473. [PMID: 34047860 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited therapy options exist for patients with treatment-refractory metastatic colorectal or anal cancers, prompting investigation into alternative therapies. Immunotherapy in the form of immune checkpoint blockade is one such emerging treatment that has demonstrated promising results in other tumour streams.x This review aims to assess the current use of immune checkpoint blockade in patients with lower gastrointestinal tumours. PATIENTS AND METHODS Embase, Medline and Cochrane databases were searched for included studies. Clinical trials published in English and utilising immune checkpoint blockade for primary tumours situated in the lower gastrointestinal tract were included. Databases were searched for studies reporting on at least one of overall survival, progression-free survival or response to therapy. RESULTS In total, 972 abstracts were screened, with 10 studies included in the final review. Eight trials (833 patients) assessed immune checkpoint blockade in the setting of colorectal cancers. These included pembrolizumab, nivolumab, durvalumab, atezolizumab, tremelimumab and ipilimumab. A total of 20 patients across all studies achieved a complete response, and 111 patients achieved a partial response to treatment. Two trials (62 patients) assessed immune checkpoint blockade in anal cancer, utilising nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Two patients across both studies achieved a complete response, and 11 patients achieved a partial response. CONCLUSIONS A number of patients with advanced lower gastrointestinal tumours achieved a complete response to treatment for what would otherwise be considered palliative disease. Presented data have highlighted that particular patients may benefit from first-line or combination immunotherapy, and thus, further investigation is warranted to individualise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Wilson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Differentiation and Transcription Laboratory, Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - M P Flood
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Differentiation and Transcription Laboratory, Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D Oh
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - N Calvin
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M Michael
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R G Ramsay
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Differentiation and Transcription Laboratory, Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A G Heriot
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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76
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Dunn GP, Cloughesy TF, Maus MV, Prins RM, Reardon DA, Sonabend AM. Emerging immunotherapies for malignant glioma: from immunogenomics to cell therapy. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1425-1438. [PMID: 32615600 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As immunotherapy assumes a central role in the management of many cancers, ongoing work is directed at understanding whether immune-based treatments will be successful in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Despite several large studies conducted in the last several years, there remain no FDA-approved immunotherapies in this patient population. Nevertheless, there are a range of exciting new approaches being applied to GBM, all of which may not only allow us to develop new treatments but also help us understand fundamental features of the immune response in the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize new developments in the application of immune checkpoint blockade, from biomarker-driven patient selection to the timing of treatment. Moreover, we summarize novel work in personalized immune-oncology by reviewing work in cancer immunogenomics-driven neoantigen vaccine studies. Finally, we discuss cell therapy efforts by reviewing the current state of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.,Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Prins
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
| | - David A Reardon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Cho YA, Kim D, Lee B, Shim JH, Suh YL. Incidence, clinicopathologic, and genetic characteristics of mismatch repair gene-mutated glioblastomas. J Neurooncol 2021; 153:43-53. [PMID: 33864561 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant gliomas of adults and recur, resulting in death, despite surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide-based chemotherapy. There are a few reports on immunotherapy for the mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient GBMs with high tumor mutational burden (TMB). However, the clinicopathological and genetic features of the MMR genes altered in GBMs have not been elucidated yet. METHODS The authors analyzed targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from 282 (276 primary and 6 recurrent) glioblastomas to evaluate the mutational status of six DNA repair-related genes: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, POLE, and POLD1. Tumors harboring somatic or germline mutations in one or more of these six genes were classified as an MMR gene-altered GBM. The clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of MMR gene-altered GBMs were compared to those of tumors without MMR gene alterations. RESULTS Sixty germline or somatic mutations were identified in 37 cases (35 primary and two recurrent) of GBM. The most frequently mutated genes were MSH6 and POLE. Single nucleotide variants were the most common, followed by frameshift deletions or insertions and approximately 60% of the mutations were germline mutations. Two patients who showed MSH2 (c.2038C > T) and MSH6 (c.1082G > A) mutations had familial colon cancer. The clinical findings were not different between the two groups. However, the presence of MGMT promoter methylation and high tumor mutation burden (TMB) values (> 20) were correlated with MMR gene alterations. CONCLUSION Since MMR-related genes can be found even in primary glioblastoma and are correlated with high TMB and MGMT promoter methylation, MMR genes should be carefully analyzed in NGS study on glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ah Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokgeun Kim
- Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Genomic Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ho Shim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Genomic Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Lim Suh
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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Chuntova P, Chow F, Watchmaker PB, Galvez M, Heimberger AB, Newell EW, Diaz A, DePinho RA, Li MO, Wherry EJ, Mitchell D, Terabe M, Wainwright DA, Berzofsky JA, Herold-Mende C, Heath JR, Lim M, Margolin KA, Chiocca EA, Kasahara N, Ellingson BM, Brown CE, Chen Y, Fecci PE, Reardon DA, Dunn GP, Liau LM, Costello JF, Wick W, Cloughesy T, Timmer WC, Wen PY, Prins RM, Platten M, Okada H. Unique challenges for glioblastoma immunotherapy-discussions across neuro-oncology and non-neuro-oncology experts in cancer immunology. Meeting Report from the 2019 SNO Immuno-Oncology Think Tank. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:356-375. [PMID: 33367885 PMCID: PMC7992879 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has made remarkable advances with over 50 separate Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals as first- or second-line indications since 2015. These include immune checkpoint blocking antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor-transduced T cells, and bispecific T-cell-engaging antibodies. While multiple cancer types now benefit from these immunotherapies, notable exceptions thus far include brain tumors, such as glioblastoma. As such, it seems critical to gain a better understanding of unique mechanistic challenges underlying the resistance of malignant gliomas to immunotherapy, as well as to acquire insights into the development of future strategies. An Immuno-Oncology Think Tank Meeting was held during the 2019 Annual Society for Neuro-Oncology Scientific Conference. Discussants in the fields of neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, neuro-imaging, medical oncology, and cancer immunology participated in the meeting. Sessions focused on topics such as the tumor microenvironment, myeloid cells, T-cell dysfunction, cellular engineering, and translational aspects that are critical and unique challenges inherent with primary brain tumors. In this review, we summarize the discussions and the key messages from the meeting, which may potentially serve as a basis for advancing the field of immune neuro-oncology in a collaborative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Chuntova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California
| | - Frances Chow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Mildred Galvez
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Evan W Newell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Aaron Diaz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Duane Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kim A Margolin
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christine E Brown
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Yvonne Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peter E Fecci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David A Reardon
- Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timothy Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - William C Timmer
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Prins
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael Platten
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,DKTK CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
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Hattori A, Matsunaga T, Takamochi K, Oh S, Suzuki K. Extent of mediastinal nodal dissection in stage I non-small cell lung cancer with a radiological pure-solid appearance. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:1797-1804. [PMID: 33745792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.03.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiological pure-solid lung cancer denotes a high invasive nature compared to one that is part-solid. Mediastinal lymph nodal dissection (mLND) is a standard surgical procedure for nodal management in lung cancer surgery, however, the prognostic impact of the extent of mLND in pure-solid lung cancer is still unknown. METHODS We reviewed 459 patients with c-stage I radiological pure-solid lung cancer that underwent pulmonary lobectomy with mLND. Pure-solid was defined as a tumor showing only a consolidation without any ground glass opacity. The extent of mLND was classified into lobe-specific (L-mLND) and systematic (S-mLND). Prognostic significance of mLND was assessed by a multivariable analysis using propensity-score matching. Survivals were calculated by Kaplan-Meier methods using log-rank test. RESULTS Pathological nodal metastasis was found in 127 (27.6%) patients (hilar: 52 (11.3%), mediastinal: 75 (16.3%)). L-mLND was performed in 278 (61%) patients. A multivariable analysis did not show the survival difference for the extent of mLND (p = 0.266). The 5-year overall survival (OS) was not significantly different between S-mLND and L-mLND (74.3% vs. 72.7%, p = 0.712), which was similar even in 114 propensity-score matched pairs (78.8% vs. 79.9%, p = 0.665). While S-mLND showed a trend for survival benefit compared to L-mLND provided that the tumor showed higher standardized uptake value (SUVmax) (5y-OS: 70.0% vs. 59.2%, p = 0.093). CONCLUSIONS Prognostic impact of L-mLND was similar to S-mLND in c-stage I radiological pure-solid lung cancers in the propensity-score matched comparison. Among them, higher SUVmax value might be a promising indicator to decide the extent of mediastinal lymphadenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritoshi Hattori
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Matsunaga
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takamochi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiaki Oh
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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80
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Goleva E, Lyubchenko T, Kraehenbuehl L, Lacouture ME, Leung DYM, Kern JA. Our current understanding of checkpoint inhibitor therapy in cancer immunotherapy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 126:630-638. [PMID: 33716146 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatments with Food and Drug Administration-approved blocking antibodies targeting inhibitory cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor, or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), collectively named checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), have been successful in producing long-lasting remissions, even in patients with advanced-stage cancers. However, these treatments are often accompanied by undesirable autoimmune and inflammatory side effects, sometimes bringing severe consequences for the patient. Rapid expansion of clinical applications necessitates a more nuanced understanding of CPI function in health and disease to develop new strategies for minimizing the negative side effects, while preserving the immunotherapeutic benefit. DATA SOURCES This review summarizes a new paradigm-shifting approach to cancer immunotherapy with the focus on the mechanism of action of immune checkpoints (CTLA4, PD-1, and its ligands). STUDY SELECTIONS We performed a literature search and identified relevant recent clinical reports, experimental research, and review articles. RESULTS This review highlights our understanding of the CPI mechanism of action on cellular and molecular levels. The authors also discuss how reactivation of T cell responses through the inhibition of CTLA4, PD-1, and PD-L1 is used for tumor inhibition in cancer immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Mechanisms of PD-1 and CTLA4 blockade and normal biological functions of these molecules are highly complex and require additional studies that will be critical for developing new approaches to dissociate the benefits of checkpoint blockade from off-target effects of the immune reactivation that leads to immune-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Goleva
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.
| | - Taras Lyubchenko
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Lukas Kraehenbuehl
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Swim Across America/Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mario E Lacouture
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Donald Y M Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jeffrey A Kern
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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Chan HY, Choi J, Jackson C, Lim M. Combination immunotherapy strategies for glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2021; 151:375-391. [PMID: 33611705 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite recent advances in treatment for a number of cancers with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), immunotherapy has had limited efficacy in glioblastoma (GBM). The recent multi-centered CheckMate 143 trial in first time recurrent GBM and the Checkmate 498 trial in newly diagnosed unmethylated GBM showed that antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) failed to improve overall survival in patients with GBM. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have explored combining ICB with several other therapies including additional ICB against alternative checkpoint molecules, activation of costimulatory checkpoint molecules such as 4-1BB, radiation-induced tumor cell lysis and immunogenic recruitment, local chemotherapy, neoadjuvant ICB therapy, and myeloid cell reactivation. METHODS We have reviewed the literature on ICB seminal to the progression of several preclinical studies and clinical trials in order to provide a compendium of the current state of combination immunotherapy for GBM. For ongoing clinical trials without associated publications, we searched clinicaltrials.gov for ongoing studies using the keywords, "GBM" and "glioblastoma", as well as names of checkpoint molecules. RESULTS Recent trends from clinical trials demonstrate that despite a variety of different combination strategies involving ICB, GBM remains largely elusive to current immunotherapies. There is a discordance of survival outcomes between GBM pre-clinical models and clinical trials, likely due to the heterogeneity of GBM in patients as well as other adaptive immune mechanisms not otherwise represented in murine models. However, in clinical studies, neoadjuvant ICB in GBM was found to diversify the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and increase chemokine mRNA transcripts when comparing pre- and post- surgical time points. Moreover, an increase in peripheral and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) clonotypes were also observed when comparing adjuvant and neoadjuvant cohorts. DISCUSSION Despite the lack of clinical survival benefit, immune modulation was observed in multiple different combination strategies for GBM in both preclinical and clinical studies, indicating that ICB combination therapy results in a significant immunological impact on the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hok Yee Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21231, USA
| | - John Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21231, USA
| | - Christina Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21231, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21231, USA.
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Relecom A, Merhi M, Inchakalody V, Uddin S, Rinchai D, Bedognetti D, Dermime S. Emerging dynamics pathways of response and resistance to PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade: tackling uncertainty by confronting complexity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:74. [PMID: 33602280 PMCID: PMC7893879 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors provide considerable therapeutic benefit in a range of solid cancers as well as in a subgroup of hematological malignancies. Response rates are however suboptimal, and despite considerable efforts, predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors ahead of their administration in a given patient remains elusive. The study of the dynamics of the immune system and of the tumor under immune checkpoint blockade brought insight into the mechanisms of action of these therapeutic agents. Equally relevant are the mechanisms of adaptive resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors that have been uncovered through this approach. In this review, we discuss the dynamics of the immune system and of the tumor under immune checkpoint blockade emanating from recent studies on animal models and humans. We will focus on mechanisms of action and of resistance conveying information predictive of therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Relecom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Translational Research Institute, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Translational Research Institute, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Inchakalody
- Department of Medical Oncology, Translational Research Institute, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute & Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- Cancer Research Program, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Cancer Research Program, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. .,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Said Dermime
- Department of Medical Oncology, Translational Research Institute, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. .,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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Controversies and challenges in the pathologic examination of lung resection specimens after neoadjuvant treatment. Lung Cancer 2021; 154:76-83. [PMID: 33631448 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
New therapy approaches in the treatment of surgically resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) challenge the traditional handling and examination of pathology specimens. The increasingly common use of neoadjuvant therapies before surgical resection, due to advantages in novel drug administration, tolerance, and measurement of radiographic and pathologic response compared to adjuvant treatment, has the potential to alter the microscopic tumor appearance and its biology. Currently, many clinical trials use pathologic response as a surrogate endpoint of clinical efficacy, since the extent of residual viable tumor appears to correlate with outcome in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Consequently, pathologic assessment of the extent of residual viable tumor is of paramount importance. However, high level evidence-based guidelines on how to process and evaluate such specimens are lacking. Moreover, while pathologic response has been shown to be associated with survival after chemotherapy, its significance after immunotherapy remains to be determined. Additionally, many clinical trials do not routinely include pathologists in trial design, which may lead to non-standardized evaluation of pathologic response. Although recently, several algorithms have been proposed to address these issues, none of them represents evidence-based recommendations or is universally applied. Therefore, controversies and challenges continue to exist, raising concerns about the validity, reproducibility, and comparability of the results of many neoadjuvant clinical trials. Herein, we discuss the current difficulties in pathologic specimen evaluation following neoadjuvant therapy in NSCLC and propose potential approaches to overcome these challenges.
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Neoadjuvant anti-OX40 (MEDI6469) therapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma activates and expands antigen-specific tumor-infiltrating T cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1047. [PMID: 33594075 PMCID: PMC7886909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of checkpoint blockade in some cancer patients, there is an unmet need to improve outcomes. Targeting alternative pathways, such as costimulatory molecules (e.g. OX40, GITR, and 4-1BB), can enhance T cell immunity in tumor-bearing hosts. Here we describe the results from a phase Ib clinical trial (NCT02274155) in which 17 patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) received a murine anti-human OX40 agonist antibody (MEDI6469) prior to definitive surgical resection. The primary endpoint was to determine safety and feasibility of the anti-OX40 neoadjuvant treatment. The secondary objective was to assess the effect of anti-OX40 on lymphocyte subsets in the tumor and blood. Neoadjuvant anti-OX40 was well tolerated and did not delay surgery, thus meeting the primary endpoint. Peripheral blood phenotyping data show increases in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation two weeks after anti-OX40 administration. Comparison of tumor biopsies before and after treatment reveals an increase of activated, conventional CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in most patients and higher clonality by TCRβ sequencing. Analyses of CD8+ TIL show increases in tumor-antigen reactive, proliferating CD103+ CD39+ cells in 25% of patients with evaluable tumor tissue (N = 4/16), all of whom remain disease-free. These data provide evidence that anti-OX40 prior to surgery is safe and can increase activation and proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood and tumor. Our work suggests that increases in the tumor-reactive CD103+ CD39+ CD8+ TIL could serve as a potential biomarker of anti-OX40 clinical activity. Different neoadjuvant therapies have been proposed to improve immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Here, the authors perform a phase Ib clinical trial where an agonist OX40 antibody provided prior to surgery is well tolerated and increases proliferation and activation of tumor antigen-specific T cells in head and neck cancer patients.
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85
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Duan H, Wang T, Luo Z, Tong L, Dong X, Zhang Y, Afzal MZ, Correale P, Liu H, Jiang T, Yan X. Neoadjuvant programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer: an open-label, multicenter, single-arm study. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1020-1028. [PMID: 33718040 PMCID: PMC7947385 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant therapy has significantly improved the 5-year overall survival (OS) of patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The CheckMate 159 trial showed that neoadjuvant therapy with a single-drug programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor (nivolumab) achieved major pathological response (MPR) and pathological complete response (pCR) in 45% and 15%of participants, respectively. We conducted an open-label single-arm study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of resectable NSCLC. Methods This study was conducted in a total of 2 hospitals in the Chinese cities of Xi'an and Chongqing, and included eligible patients over 18 years of age with clinically staged IIA-IIIB NSCLC. All patients were scheduled to receive surgery within 4-6 weeks after neoadjuvant treatment (3-4 cycles) consisting of PD-1 inhibitors combined with a conventional chemotherapy regimen on day 1 of each 21-day cycle. Results Twenty-three patients, 22 males, and 1 female with just one of them with no smoking habits) were diagnosed with NSCL C in a stage IIA (3 cases), IIB (3 cases), IIIA (8 cases), and IIIB (9cases) and no druggable driver mutations/translocations were addressed to receive neoadjuvant treatment between June 2018 and June 2020. The treatment was well tolerated with just 3 typical immune-related adverse events (hyperthyroidism, hyperglycemia, and rash) recorded. There was a partial response (PR) and stable disease (SD) in 17 (73.9%) and 6 (26.1%) patients, with an overall response rate (ORR) of 73.9% according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST v.1.1). Six of these patients resulted in pCR (30%) while ten of them showed a MPR (50%). Twenty patients underwent surgical resection after treatment, while further 3 refused surgery. Surgical procedure included video-assisted thoracoscopic resection (10 cases), Vinci Robot surgery (4 cases), and thoracotomy in 4 cases while there were secondary compliance-related thoracotomy in two cases. The pathology analysis revealed a R0 in 19 cases (19/20, 95%). Conclusions Our results suggest that the neoadjuvant approach with chemotherapy and PD-1 blocking mAbs is safe and active in patients with resectable NSCLC where is associated with a promising high ORR, MPR and pCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianhu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhilin Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair Afzal
- Hematology-Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Medical Center Dr., Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Pierpaolo Correale
- Medical Oncology Unit, Grand Metropolitan Hospital "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Honggang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Hu H, Xu H, Lu F, Zhang J, Xu L, Xu S, Jiang H, Zeng Q, Chen E, He Z. Exploring the Effect of Differentially Expressed Long Non-coding RNAs Driven by Copy Number Variation on Competing Endogenous RNA Network by Mining Lung Adenocarcinoma Data. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:627436. [PMID: 33585468 PMCID: PMC7876300 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.627436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the first cause of cancer death, and gene copy number variation (CNV) is a vital cause of lung cancer progression. Prognosis prediction of patients followed by medication guidance by detecting CNV of lung cancer is emerging as a promising precise treatment in the future. In this paper, the differences in CNV and gene expression between cancer tissue and normal tissue of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from The Cancer Genome Atlas Lung Adenocarcinoma data set were firstly analyzed, and greater differences were observed. Furthermore, CNV-driven differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were screened out, and then, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network related to the gene CNV was established, which involved 9 lncRNAs, seven microRNAs, and 178 downstream messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Pathway enrichment analyses sequentially performed revealed that the downstream mRNAs were mainly enriched in biological pathways related to cell division, DNA repair, and so on, indicating that these mRNAs mainly affected the replication and growth of tumor cells. Besides, the relationship between lncRNAs and drug effects was explored based on previous studies, and it was found that LINC00511 and LINC00942 in the CNV-associated ceRNA network could be used to determine tumor response to drug treatment. As examined, the drugs affected by these two lncRNAs mainly targeted metabolism, target of rapamycin signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling pathway, epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway, and cell cycle. In summary, the present research was devoted to analyzing CNV, lncRNA, mRNA, and microRNA of lung cancer, and nine lncRNAs that could affect the CNV-associated ceRNA network we constructed were identified, two of which are promising in determining tumor response to drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Hu
- Department of Respiratory, College of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangdi Xu
- Department of Respiratory, College of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Lu
- Operation Room, College of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jisong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, College of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Respiratory, College of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Respiratory, College of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanliang Jiang
- Department of Respiratory, College of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingxin Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, College of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enguo Chen
- Department of Respiratory, College of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengfu He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, College of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Gaissmaier L, Christopoulos P. Immune Modulation in Lung Cancer: Current Concepts and Future Strategies. Respiration 2020; 99:1-27. [PMID: 33291116 DOI: 10.1159/000510385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy represents the most dynamic field of biomedical research currently, with thoracic immuno-oncology as a forerunner. PD-(L)1 inhibitors are already part of standard first-line treatment for both non-small-cell and small-cell lung cancer, while unprecedented 5-year survival rates of 15-25% have been achieved in pretreated patients with metastatic disease. Evolving strategies are mainly aiming for improvement of T-cell function, increase of immune activation in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and supply of tumor-reactive lymphocytes. Several novel therapeutics have demonstrated preclinical efficacy and are increasingly used in rational combinations within clinical trials. Two overarching trends dominate: extension of immunotherapy to earlier disease stages, mainly as neoadjuvant treatment, and a shift of focus towards multivalent, individualized, mutatome-based antigen-specific modalities, mainly adoptive cell therapies and cancer vaccines. The former ensures ample availability of treated and untreated patient samples, the latter facilitates deeper mechanistic insights, and both in combination build an overwhelming force that is accelerating progress and driving the greatest revolution cancer medicine has seen so far. Today, immune modulation represents the most potent therapeutic modality in oncology, the most important topic in clinical and translational cancer research, and arguably our greatest, meanwhile justified hope for achieving cure of pulmonary neoplasms and other malignancies in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gaissmaier
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petros Christopoulos
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany,
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Cao M, Fu Y, Xiao X, Tang J, Tang D, Zhao X. Bronchopleural fistula following a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy after neoadjuvant therapy of pembrolizumab: a case report and literature review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1691. [PMID: 33490203 PMCID: PMC7812198 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide among the malignant tumors. The treatment of lung cancer was difficult in the decade years. Currently, the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the pattern of lung cancer treatment. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, plus platinum-based chemotherapy is the preferred treatment modality for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The success of pembrolizumab in lung cancer has increased interest in expanding the use of neoadjuvant treatment. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are the most common adverse reactions in immunotherapy. The balance between the benefits and risks is crucial in this setting. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a routine procedure of resectable NSCLC treatment. It appears to favor low postoperative complication rate. The prolonged air leakage (PAL) is the most common complication after VATS, and the bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is the most serious complication. The management of adverse events after VATS, especially in the setting of immune therapy, need to be raised. Here, we report a case of BPF following VATS lobectomy, which firstly presented the treatment-related adverse event with neoadjuvant combination therapy of pembrolizumab plus cisplatin/pemetrexed. Literature on novel neoadjuvant immunotherapy was also reviewed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuying Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daoqiang Tang
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang L, Mai W, Jiang W, Geng Q. Case Report: Pathologic Complete Response to Pembrolizumab in Combination With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in a Patient With Stage IIB Squamous Lung Cancer. Front Surg 2020; 7:601805. [PMID: 33330611 PMCID: PMC7728662 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2020.601805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of PD-1 antibodies has radically changed the therapeutic profiles of lung cancer, which has the highest incidence and mortality rate among all cancers worldwide. Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, has been proven to have strong anti-tumor activity in a variety of clinical studies. Here, we described a patient with stage IIB squamous lung cancer who has benefited from a preoperative pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy regimen. The addition of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery led to a pathologic complete response and the avoidance of left pneumonectomy. This case highlights the effect of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy on non-small cell lung cancer patients and has provided a promising choice in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wuqian Mai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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90
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Ren Y, Tang H, Zhang J, She Y, Sun X, Xie D, Chen C. Bayesian network meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920973567. [PMID: 33240402 PMCID: PMC7675866 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920973567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has increased the survival benefit of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The effects of different neoadjuvant therapies are still controversial. We carried out the study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: We performed a search of electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing neoadjuvant treatment. After literature screening and data extraction, efficacy, and safety were analyzed by the Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA). Results: A total of 19 RCTs were included, covering 3276 patients and six kinds of neoadjuvant therapies, including immunotherapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy drugs and radiotherapy. Erlotinib, the first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine inhibitors (EGFR TKIs), neoadjuvant targeted therapy is best for improving overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), which is superior to other neoadjuvant therapy, such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy with platinum drugs [hazard ratio (HR) 0.39, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.16–0.96], neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.14–0.96) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy with non-platinum drugs (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07–0.90). OS of all neoadjuvant therapies is superior to surgery alone, but only neoadjuvant chemotherapy with platinum drugs showed a significant advantage (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59–0.93). Besides, for the stage IIIA N2 NSCLC patients, no significant difference was found between neoadjuvant therapies. Conclusions: Targeted neoadjuvant therapy is the best treatment for prolonging PFS. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy with platinum drugs was associated with the better OS benefits for patients with NSCLC, compared with surgery alone. There is no significant difference in the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy for the stage IIIA N2 NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijiu Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlang She
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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91
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Bertoglio P, Costardi L, Viti A, Ruffini E, Guerrera F. It takes all sorts to make a world: geographical differences and the future perspective of molecular testing in non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:5050-5052. [PMID: 33145078 PMCID: PMC7578463 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-2020-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Bertoglio
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorena Costardi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, A.O.U. Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Viti
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrico Ruffini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, A.O.U. Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Guerrera
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, A.O.U. Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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92
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Brabo EP, Moraes AB, Neto LV. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma revisited: review of literature. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1531-1542. [PMID: 32468513 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare disease with few therapeutic options. There is an urgency of new effective therapeutic options for these patients. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in advanced ACC patients is still unclear. METHODS We conducted a MEDLINE search using the following string: adrenocortical carcinoma and immunotherapy or checkpoint inhibitors. RESULTS We found four case series comprising 10 patients, and four prospective studies totaling 115 patients. The response rate (RR) in the group of 10 patients was 1 complete response, 3 partial response (PR), 4 stable disease (SD), and 2 progressive disease (PD). The median progression-free survival (mPFS) ranged from 2 to 31 months and the median overall survival (mOS) ranged from 4.3 to 31 months. The results in the 115 patients from prospective trials was variable, the PR ranged from 6 to 23%, the SD ranged from 18 to 50% and overall disease control rate ranged from 30 to 64%. The mPFS reported varied from 1.8 to 2.6 months while the mOS varied from 10.6 to 24.9 months. There were five patients with sustained response for more than 24 months. The most common treatment-related adverse event (TRAE) was the increase in liver enzymes. No treatment-related deaths were reported. Better results in terms of RR and survival were observed in studies that used pembrolizumab. No predictive biomarker of response was found up to now. CONCLUSION ICI, mainly pembrolizumab, is a potential therapeutic option, which is safe and associated with prolonged OS benefit, in selected patients with advanced ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Brabo
- Oncology Unit and Neuroendocrine Section, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 255 Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, ground floor, University City, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - A B Moraes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Medical School and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 255 Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 9th floor, University City, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - L V Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Medical School and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 255 Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 9th floor, University City, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil.
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93
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DiNatale RG, Hakimi AA, Chan TA. Genomics-based immuno-oncology: bridging the gap between immunology and tumor biology. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:R214-R225. [PMID: 33029628 PMCID: PMC7574960 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first hypotheses about how the immune system affects cancers were proposed in the early 20th century. These early concepts about cancer immunosurveillance were further developed in the decades that followed, but a detailed understanding of cancer immunity remained elusive. It was only recently, through the advent of high-throughput technologies, that scientists gained the ability to profile tumors with a resolution that allowed for granular assessment of both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have proven to be effective cancer therapies in many malignancies, has spawned great interest in developing biomarkers for efficacy, an endeavor that highlighted the value of dissecting tumor immunity using large-scale methods. Response to ICI therapy has been shown to be a highly complex process, where the dynamics of tumor and immune cells is key to success. The need to understand the biologic mechanisms at the tumor-immune interface has given rise to the field of cancer immunogenomics, a discipline that aims to bridge the gap between cancer genomics and classical immunology. We provide a broad overview of this emerging branch of translational science, summarizing common platforms used and recent discoveries in the field, which are having direct clinical implications. Our discussion will be centered around the genetic foundations governing tumor immunity and molecular determinants associated with clinical benefit from ICI therapy. We emphasize the importance of molecular diversity as a driver of anti-tumor immunity and discuss how these factors can be probed using genomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo G DiNatale
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Urology Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - A Ari Hakimi
- Urology Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Lerner Research Institute and Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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94
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Huang L, Li L, Zhou Y, Yang Z, Wang M, Gao Y, Yang Y, Yang F, Liu B, Hong X, Chen G. Clinical Characteristics Correlate With Outcomes of Immunotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:7137-7145. [PMID: 33193876 PMCID: PMC7646175 DOI: 10.7150/jca.49213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the existing indicators are not sufficient to predict the patient's response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), we conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ICIs in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and to determine prognostic factors of ICIs. In this study, 61 patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC who underwent ICIs were recruited. The univariate analysis revealed the number of metastatic sites, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (≥ G2) and best response were significantly associated with both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Peripheral blood biomarkers, including post-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CEA levels were also associated with PFS, but not OS. The irAEs (≥ G2), best response and age were confirmed as independent predictors of a prolonged survival by multivariate analysis. The development of irAEs ≥ G2 correlated with a survival benefit in patients with advanced NSCLC (median PFS: 7.1 months vs. 4.6 months, P = 0.013). Thus, we concluded that identifying predictors of benefit from ICIs treatment will help to further extend patient survival in advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yingxu Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yina Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xuan Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Gongyan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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95
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Segovia M, Russo S, Girotti MR, Rabinovich GA, Hill M. Role of inflammasome activation in tumor immunity triggered by immune checkpoint blockers. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 200:155-162. [PMID: 32297328 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockers improve the overall survival of a limited number of patients among different cancers. Identifying pathways that influence the immunological and clinical response to treatment is critical to improve the therapeutic efficacy and predict clinical responses. Recently, a key role has been assigned to innate immune mechanisms in checkpoint blockade-driven anti-tumor responses. However, inflammatory pathways can both improve and impair anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we discuss how different inflammatory pathways, particularly inflammasome activation, can influence the clinical outcome of immune checkpoint blockers. Inflammasome activation may reinforce anti-tumor immunity by boosting CD8+ T cell priming as well as by enhancing T helper type 17 (Th17) responses. In particular, we focus on the modulation of the cation channel transmembrane protein 176B (TMEM176B) and the ectonucleotidase CD39 as potential targets to unleash inflammasome activation leading to reinforced anti-tumor immunity and improved efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers. Future studies should be aimed at investigating the mechanisms and cell subsets involved in inflammasome-driven anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Segovia
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - S Russo
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M R Girotti
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Hill
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
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96
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Mano R, Duzgol C, Ganat M, Goldman DA, Blum KA, Silagy AW, Walasek A, Sanchez A, DiNatale RG, Marcon J, Kashan M, Becerra MF, Benfante N, Coleman JA, Kattan MW, Russo P, Akin O, Ostrovnaya I, Hakimi AA. Preoperative nomogram predicting 12-year probability of metastatic renal cancer - evaluation in a contemporary cohort. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:853.e1-853.e7. [PMID: 32900625 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preoperative models, based on patient and tumor characteristics, predict risk for adverse outcomes after nephrectomy. Changes in renal tumor characteristics over the last decades, warrant further evaluation using contemporary cohorts. We aimed to validate a previously published preoperative nomogram predicting 12-year metastasis-free probability after nephrectomy for localized renal tumors in a contemporary cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS After obtaining institutional review board approval, data of 1,760 patients who underwent nephrectomy for a localized renal mass between 2005 and 2011 were reviewed. Preoperative images were evaluated for the presence of tumor necrosis, lymphadenopathy, and tumor size. The study outcome was metastatic-free probability. Model discrimination was assessed with Gönen and Heller's concordance probability estimate, and calibration was evaluated. RESULTS The cohort included 1,102 male and 658 female patients with a median age of 60 years. Most patients presented incidentally (84%). On imaging, 3% had evidence of lymphadenopathy, 55% had necrosis and median tumor diameter was 3.7 cm (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.5, 5.5). Median follow-up in non-metastatic patients was 7.7 years (IQR: 5.3, 9.7). Estimated 12-year metastatic-free probability was 88% (86%-90%). The model showed strong discrimination (concordance probability estimate [CPE]: 0.77), and fair calibration. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed strong discrimination at all-time points and the area under the curve (AUC) for year 12 was 0.83 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.78-0.89). CONCLUSIONS We validated the preoperative nomogram of 12-year metastasis-free probability in a contemporary cohort despite different tumor characteristics. Future studies should evaluate the role of preoperative risk stratification in patient selection for neoadjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Mano
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Urology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Cihan Duzgol
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Maz Ganat
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Oncology, Englewood Health, Englewood, NJ
| | - Debra A Goldman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kyle A Blum
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew W Silagy
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Walasek
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Division of Urology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Renzo G DiNatale
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Julian Marcon
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mahyar Kashan
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Maria F Becerra
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Nicole Benfante
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael W Kattan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Paul Russo
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Oguz Akin
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Irina Ostrovnaya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Oncology, Englewood Health, Englewood, NJ
| | - A Ari Hakimi
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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97
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Li B, Zhang B, Wang X, Zeng Z, Huang Z, Zhang L, Wei F, Ren X, Yang L. Expression signature, prognosis value, and immune characteristics of Siglec-15 identified by pan-cancer analysis. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1807291. [PMID: 32939323 PMCID: PMC7480813 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1807291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) is considered a novel anti-tumor target comparable to programmed cell death 1 ligand 1(PD-L1). However, little is known about Siglec-15. Our study aims to understand its expression signature, prognosis value, immune infiltration pattern, and biological function using multi-omic bioinformatics from public databases and verify them in lung cancer patients. Integrated analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression portals showed Siglec-15 was overexpressed across cancers. Genetic and epigenetic alteration analysis was performed using cBioportal and UALCAN, showed Siglec-15 was regulated at the genetic and epigenetic levels. Survival estimated using Kaplan–Meier plotter indicated high Siglec-15 expression correlated with favorable or unfavorable outcomes depending on the different type and subtype of cancer. Components of immune microenvironment were analyzed using CIBERSORT, and the correlation between immune cells and Siglec-15 was found to be distinct across cancer types. Based on Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Siglec-15 was implicated in pathways involved in immunity, metabolism, cancer, and infectious diseases. Lung cancer patients with positive Siglec-15 expression showed significantly short survival rates in progression-free survival concomitant with reduced infiltration of CD20 + B, and dendritic cells by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative real-time PCR results indicated the overexpression of Siglec-15 was correlated with activation of the chemokine signaling pathway. In conclusion, Siglec-15 could serve as a vital prognostic biomarker and play an immune-regulatory role in tumors. These results provide us with clues to better understand Siglec-15 from the perspective of bioinformatics and highlight the importance of Siglec-15 in many types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihui Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Bailu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuezhou Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziqing Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziqi Huang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
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98
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Wu Z, Liu J, Dai R, Wu S. Current status and future perspectives of immunotherapy in bladder cancer treatment. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:512-533. [PMID: 32926318 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The treatment strategy of bladder cancer has evolved not only through the traditional modalities of surgery and chemotherapy but also by immunotherapy over the past several decades. Immunotherapies such as intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines and immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) are sometimes used for treating patients with bladder cancer, especially those who develop resistance to conventional first-line treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, it is a limited number of individuals that see clinical benefits from this approach, and complicating matters more is that many of these patients suffer severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs). If current momentum continues to result in improved response rates and managed irAEs, immunotherapy could be poised to revolutionize the landscape of urothelial carcinoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangsong Wu
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Ruixiang Dai
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China. .,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China. .,Department of Urological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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99
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Lücke E, Ganzert C, Föllner S, Wäsche A, Jechorek D, Schoeder V, Walles T, Genseke P, Schreiber J. [Operability and Pathological Response of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) after Neoadjuvant Therapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition]. Pneumologie 2020; 74:766-772. [PMID: 32820489 DOI: 10.1055/a-1199-2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blockade of immune escape mechanisms (e. g. PD1 /PD-L1) using immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) can significantly prolong survival and induce remission in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Less is known about neoadjuvant ICI in patients with resectable (UICC stage III) or oligometastatic (UICC stage IVa) NSCLC. METHODS Tissue biopsies from patients with advanced or oligometastatic NSCLC were screened for PD-L1 expression. In case of PD-L1-expression > 50 %, ECOG status of 0 or 1 and expected operability, patients received ICI. After about four weeks, patients underwent thoracic surgical resection. In all patients, a complete staging, including PET-CT, cMRI, and endobronchial ultrasound, was performed. The tolerability, the radiological and the histopathological tumor response as well as the surgical and oncological outcomes were analyzed. FINDINGS Four patients (2 male, 2 female, age 56 - 78 years, n = 3 adenocarcinoma, n = 1 squamous cell carcinoma) with local advanced tumors received ICI before surgical resection. In three cases the mediastinal lymph nodes were positive. One patient had a single cerebral metastasis which was treated with radiotherapy. All four patients underwent therapy with two to six cycles of ICI (3 × pembrolizumab, 1 × atezolizumab) without any complication, and ICI did not delay the time of surgical resection. According to iRECIST, three patients showed partial response (PR), one patient had stable disease (SD). All tumors were completely resected. The thoracic surgical procedures proved to be technically unproblematic despite inflammatory changes. There were neither treatment-related deaths nor perioperative complications. In the resectates, complete pathological response (CPR, regression grade III ) and regression grade IIb were detected twice. The average time of follow-up was 12 (1 - 24) months. Patients with PPR developed distant metastasis after six months or a local recurrence after four months. The CPR patient is relapse free to date. CONCLUSION In selected patients, neoadjuvant therapy with ICI is well tolerated and can induce a complete remission of the tumor. Treatment with ICI has no negative impact on the surgical procedure. Prognosis seems to be promising in CPR and limited in PPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lücke
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | - C Ganzert
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | - S Föllner
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | - A Wäsche
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | - D Jechorek
- Institut für Pathologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | - V Schoeder
- Institut für Pathologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | - T Walles
- Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Abteilung Thoraxchirurgie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | - P Genseke
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | - J Schreiber
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg
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Najibi AJ, Mooney DJ. Cell and tissue engineering in lymph nodes for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:42-62. [PMID: 32750376 PMCID: PMC7736208 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In cancer, lymph nodes (LNs) coordinate tumor antigen presentation necessary for effective antitumor immunity, both at the levels of local cellular interactions and tissue-level organization. In this review, we examine how LNs may be engineered to improve the therapeutic outcomes of cancer immunotherapy. At the cellular scale, targeting the LNs impacts the potency of cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade, and adoptive cell transfer. On a tissue level, macro-scale biomaterials mimicking LN features can function as immune niches for cell reprogramming or delivery in vivo, or be utilized in vitro to enable preclinical testing of drugs and vaccines. We additionally review strategies to induce ectopic lymphoid sites reminiscent of LNs that may improve antitumor T cell priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Najibi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
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