51
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Zhang Y, Xie J, Liu Y, Pang P, Feng L, Wang H, Wu Z, Yang W. Simple and signal-off electrochemical biosensor for mercury(II) based on thymine-mercury-thymine hybridization directly on graphene. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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52
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Choudhury S, Thomas JK, Sylvain NJ, Ponomarenko O, Gordon RA, Heald SM, Janz DM, Krone PH, Coulthard I, George GN, Pickering IJ. Selenium preferentially accumulates in the eye lens following embryonic exposure: a confocal X-ray fluorescence imaging study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:2255-2261. [PMID: 25607235 DOI: 10.1021/es503848s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Maternal transfer of elevated selenium (Se) to offspring is an important route of Se exposure for fish in the natural environment. However, there is a lack of information on the tissue specific spatial distribution and speciation of Se in the early developmental stages of fish, which provide important information about Se toxicokinetics. The effect of maternal transfer of Se was studied by feeding adult zebrafish a Se-elevated or a control diet followed by collection of larvae from both groups. Novel confocal synchrotron-based techniques were used to investigate Se within intact preserved larvae. Confocal X-ray fluorescence imaging was used to compare Se distributions within specific planes of an intact larva from each of the two groups. The elevated Se treatment showed substantially higher Se levels than the control; Se preferentially accumulated to highest levels in the eye lens, with lower levels in the retina, yolk and other tissues. Confocal X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to determine that the speciation of Se within the eye lens of the intact larva was a selenomethionine-like species. Preferential accumulation of Se in the eye lens may suggest a direct cause-and-effect relationship between exposure to elevated Se and Se-induced ocular impairments reported previously. This study illustrates the effectiveness of confocal X-ray fluorescence methods for investigating trace element distribution and speciation in intact biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Choudhury
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
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53
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Shellaiah M, Rajan YC, Balu P, Murugan A. A pyrene based Schiff base probe for selective fluorescence turn-on detection of Hg2+ ions with live cell application. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj02367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel pyrene based free thiol containing a Schiff base derivative PT1 was synthesized and reported as a fluorescence turn-on sensor for Hg2+ ions, via CHEF and excimer (PT1-PT1*) formation with live cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthaiah Shellaiah
- Department of Chemistry
- Kalasalingam University
- Krishnan koil 626 190
- India
| | | | - Perumal Balu
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak College
- Chennai 600042
- India
| | - Arumugam Murugan
- Department of Chemistry
- Kalasalingam University
- Krishnan koil 626 190
- India
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54
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MacDonald TC, Korbas M, James AK, Sylvain NJ, Hackett MJ, Nehzati S, Krone PH, George GN, Pickering IJ. Interaction of mercury and selenium in the larval stage zebrafish vertebrate model. Metallomics 2015; 7:1247-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00145e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mercury, selenium mixed chalcogenide in the larval stage zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy C. MacDonald
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - Malgorzata Korbas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Canadian Light Source
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ashley K. James
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - Nicole J. Sylvain
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Susan Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Patrick H. Krone
- Toxicology Centre
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- University of Saskatchewan
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon, Canada
- Toxicology Centre
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55
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Abstract
A novel and sulfur-free mercury specifically selective and highly sensitive fluorescent chemosensorLbased on the benzimidazole group and the quinoline group as the fluorescence signal group has been designed and synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingHan Hu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - JianBin Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Qi
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - JuanJuan Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
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56
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Amlund H, Lundebye AK, Boyle D, Ellingsen S. Dietary selenomethionine influences the accumulation and depuration of dietary methylmercury in zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 158:211-217. [PMID: 25481787 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a toxicant of concern for aquatic food chains. In the present study, the assimilation and depuration of dietary MeHg and the influence of dietary selenium on MeHg toxicokinetics was characterised in zebrafish (Danio rerio). In a triplicate tank experimental design (n=3 tanks per treatment group), adult zebrafish were exposed to dietary MeHg (as methylmercury-cysteine) at 5 and 10 μg/g and with or without selenium (as selenomethionine) supplemented to the diets at a concentration of 5 μg/g for 8 weeks followed by a 4-week depuration period. Methylmercury accumulated in muscle, liver and brain of zebrafish; with higher mercury concentrations in liver and brain than in muscle following 8 weeks of exposure. In muscle, the mercury concentrations were 3.4±0.2 and 6.4±0.1 μg/g ww (n=3) in zebrafish fed the 5 and 10 μg Hg/g diets, respectively. During the depuration period, mercury concentrations were significantly reduced in muscle in both the 5 and 10 μg Hg/g diet groups with a greater reduction in the high dose group. After depuration, the mercury concentrations were 2.4±0.1 and 4.0±0.3 μg/g ww (n=3) for zebrafish fed the 5 and 10 μg Hg/g diets, respectively. Data also indicated that supplemented dietary selenium reduced accumulation of MeHg and enhanced the elimination of MeHg. Lower levels of mercury were found in muscle of zebrafish fed MeHg and SeMet compared with fish fed only MeHg after 8 weeks exposure; the mercury concentrations in muscle were 5.8±0.2 and 6.4±0.1 μg/g ww (n=3) for zebrafish fed the 10 μg Hg/g+5 μg Se/g diet and the 10 μg Hg/g diet, respectively. Furthermore, the elimination of MeHg from muscle during the 4-week depuration period was significantly greater in the fish fed the diet containing SeMet compared to a control diet; the mercury concentrations were 3.3±0.1 and 4.0±0.3 μg/g ww (n=3) for zebrafish fed the 5 μg Se/g and the control diets, respectively. In summary, dietary SeMet reduces the accumulation and enhances the elimination of dietary MeHg in muscle of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Amlund
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Anne-Katrine Lundebye
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - David Boyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Ståle Ellingsen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
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57
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Pereira P, Raimundo J, Araújo O, Canário J, Almeida A, Pacheco M. Fish eyes and brain as primary targets for mercury accumulation - a new insight on environmental risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 494-495:290-298. [PMID: 25058895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fish eyes and brain are highly susceptible to environmental Hg exposure but this issue is still scarcely investigated, mainly regarding methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation. Yet, Hg levels in fish lens have not been previously examined under field conditions. Total Hg (tHg), MeHg and inorganic Hg (iHg) levels were assessed in the brain, eye wall and lens of the golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) from an Hg contaminated area, both in winter and summer, together with water and sediment levels. Sampling was performed at Aveiro lagoon (Portugal) where a confined area (LAR) is severely contaminated by Hg. Fish brain, eye wall and lens accumulated higher levels of tHg, MeHg and iHg at LAR than the reference site, reflecting faithfully environmental spatial differences. The brain and eye wall responded also to the winter-summer changes found in water and sediment, accumulating higher levels of MeHg (and tHg) in winter. Contrarily, lens was unable to reflect seasonal changes, probably due to its composition and structural stability over time. The three neurosensory structures accumulated preferentially MeHg than iHg (MeHg was higher than 77% of tHg). Lens exhibited a higher retention capacity of MeHg (mean around 1 μg g(-1) at LAR), accumulating higher levels than the other two tissues. Interestingly, MeHg and iHg levels were significantly correlated for the brain and eye wall but poorly associated within the two analysed eye components. The high levels of MeHg found in the brain, eye wall and lens could compromise their functions and this needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Joana Raimundo
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Olinda Araújo
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Canário
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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58
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Pushie MJ, Pickering I, Korbas M, Hackett MJ, George GN. Elemental and chemically specific X-ray fluorescence imaging of biological systems. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8499-541. [PMID: 25102317 PMCID: PMC4160287 DOI: 10.1021/cr4007297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jake Pushie
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ingrid
J. Pickering
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology
Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Malgorzata Korbas
- Canadian
Light Source Inc., 44
Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University
of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology
Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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59
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Prince L, Korbas M, Davidson P, Broberg K, Rand MD. Target organ specific activity of drosophila MRP (ABCC1) moderates developmental toxicity of methylmercury. Toxicol Sci 2014; 140:425-35. [PMID: 24863968 PMCID: PMC4176053 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a ubiquitous and persistent neurotoxin that poses a risk to human health. Although the mechanisms of MeHg toxicity are not fully understood, factors that contribute to susceptibility are even less well known. Studies of human gene polymorphisms have identified a potential role for the multidrug resistance-like protein (MRP/ABCC) family, ATP-dependent transporters, in MeHg susceptibility. MRP transporters have been shown to be important for MeHg excretion in adult mouse models, but their role in moderating MeHg toxicity during development has not been explored. We therefore investigated effects of manipulating expression levels of MRP using a Drosophila development assay. Drosophila MRP (dMRP) is homologous to human MRP1-4 (ABCC1-4), sharing 50% identity and 67% similarity with MRP1. A greater susceptibility to MeHg is seen in dMRP mutant flies, demonstrated by reduced rates of eclosion on MeHg-containing food. Furthermore, targeted knockdown of dMRP expression using GAL4>UAS RNAi methods demonstrates a tissue-specific function for dMRP in gut, Malpighian tubules, and the nervous system in moderating developmental susceptibility to MeHg. Using X-ray synchrotron fluorescence imaging, these same tissues were also identified as the highest Hg-accumulating tissues in fly larvae. Moreover, higher levels of Hg are seen in dMRP mutant larvae compared with a control strain fed an equivalent dose of MeHg. In sum, these data demonstrate that dMRP expression, both globally and within Hg-targeted organs, has a profound effect on susceptibility to MeHg in developing flies. Our findings point to a potentially novel and specific role for dMRP in neurons in the protection against MeHg. Finally, this experimental system provides a tractable model to evaluate human polymorphic variants of MRP and other gene variants relevant to genetic studies of mercury-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Prince
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box EHSC, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Malgorzata Korbas
- Canadian Light Source Inc. 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Philip Davidson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box EHSC, Rochester, New York 14642 Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box EHSC, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Box 210, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, 171-77
| | - Matthew Dearborn Rand
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box EHSC, Rochester, New York 14642
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60
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Xu J, Luo J, Ruan J, Zhu F, Luan T, Liu H, Jiang R, Ouyang G. In vivo tracing uptake and elimination of organic pesticides in fish muscle. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:8012-8020. [PMID: 24932803 DOI: 10.1021/es5009032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) measured in the laboratory are important for characterizing the bioaccumulative properties of chemicals entering the environment, especially the potential persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which can pose serious adverse effects on ecosystem and human health. Traditional lethal analysis methods are time-consuming and sacrifice too many experimental animals. In the present study, in vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was introduced to trace the uptake and elimination processes of pesticides in living fish. BCFs and elimination kinetic coefficients of the pesticides were recorded therein. Moreover, the metabolism of fenthion was also traced with in vivo SPME. The method was time-efficient and laborsaving. Much fewer experimental animals were sacrificed during the tracing. In general, this study opened up an opportunity to measure BCFs cheaply in laboratories for the registering of emerging POPs and inspecting of suspected POPs, as well as demonstrated the potential application of in vivo SPME in the study of toxicokinetics of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, 510275 Guangdong, China
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61
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Bera K, Das AK, Nag M, Basak S. Development of a Rhodamine–Rhodanine-Based Fluorescent Mercury Sensor and Its Use to Monitor Real-Time Uptake and Distribution of Inorganic Mercury in Live Zebrafish Larvae. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2740-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac404160v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Bera
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Anand Kant Das
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Moupriya Nag
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Soumen Basak
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
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62
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Park JW, Park SJ, Kwon OS, Lee C, Jang J. High-performance Hg2+ FET-type sensors based on reduced graphene oxide–polyfuran nanohybrids. Analyst 2014; 139:3852-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00403e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new type of field-effect transistor (FET) sensor, based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO)–polyfuran (PF) nanohybrids, was strategically developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wook Park
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2)
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Seoul National University (SNU)
- Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Joo Park
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2)
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Seoul National University (SNU)
- Seoul, Korea
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- School of Engineering and Applied Science
- Yale University
- New Haven, USA
| | - Choonghyen Lee
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2)
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Seoul National University (SNU)
- Seoul, Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2)
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Seoul National University (SNU)
- Seoul, Korea
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63
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An JH, Park SJ, Kwon OS, Bae J, Jang J. High-performance flexible graphene aptasensor for mercury detection in mussels. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10563-71. [PMID: 24279823 DOI: 10.1021/nn402702w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is highly toxic but has been widely used for numerous domestic applications, including thermometers and batteries, for decades, which has led to fatal outcomes due to its accumulation in the human body. Although many types of mercury sensors have been developed to protect the users from Hg, few methodologies exist to analyze Hg(2+) ions in low concentrations in real world samples. Herein, we describe the fabrication and characterization of liquid-ion gated field-effect transistor (FET)-type flexible graphene aptasensor with high sensitivity and selectivity for Hg. The field-induced responses from the graphene aptasensor had excellent sensing performance, and Hg(2+) ions with very low concentration of 10 pM could be detected, which is 2-3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than previously reported mercury sensors using electrochemical systems. Moreover, the aptasensor showed a highly specific response to Hg(2+) ions in mixed solutions. The flexible graphene aptasensor showed a very rapid response, providing a signal in less than 1 s when the Hg(2+) ion concentration was altered. Specificity to Hg(2+) ions was demonstrated in real world samples (in this case samples derived from mussels). The aptasensor was fabricated by transferring chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene onto a transparent flexible substrate, and the structure displayed excellent mechanical durability and flexiblility. This graphene-based aptasensor has potential for detecting Hg exposure in human and in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun An
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Korea
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64
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Pereira P, Raimundo J, Canário J, Almeida A, Pacheco M. Looking at the aquatic contamination through fish eyes--a faithful picture based on metals burden. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 77:375-379. [PMID: 24449925 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study describes for the first time metal accumulation in the eyes of native golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) coupled with water/sediment quality assessment. Sampling was performed in the Tagus estuary (Portugal) where a confined area (Barreiro) is severely contaminated by metal/loids. Levels of As, Cu, Pb, Hg and Cd in sediments from Barreiro were one order of magnitude higher than those from the reference site. Data on water column pointed also to a higher availability of Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg (including MeHg) at Barreiro. Accordingly, fish eyes accumulated higher levels of metal/loids at Barreiro than at the reference site. These findings support the use of fish eyes as a target organ in environmental health assessment since they reflect sediment and water contamination. It points also to the importance of evaluate eye changes at structural/functional levels in order to examine in what extent accumulated metals could compromise this perceptive system.
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65
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Zhang P, Pei L, Chen Y, Xu W, Lin Q, Wang J, Wu J, Shen Y, Ji L, Chao H. A Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) Complex as a One- and Two-Photon Luminescent Probe for Biological Cu2+Detection. Chemistry 2013; 19:15494-503. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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66
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Korbas M, Lai B, Vogt S, Gleber SC, Karunakaran C, Pickering IJ, Krone PH, George GN. Methylmercury targets photoreceptor outer segments. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2256-63. [PMID: 23957296 DOI: 10.1021/cb4004805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human populations experience widespread low level exposure to organometallic methylmercury compounds through consumption of fish and other seafood. At higher levels, methylmercury compounds specifically target nervous systems, and among the many effects of their exposure are visual disturbances, including blindness, which previously were thought to be due to methylmercury-induced damage to the visual cortex. Here, we employ high-resolution X-ray fluorescence imaging using beam sizes of 500 × 500 and 250 × 250 nm(2) to investigate the localization of mercury at unprecedented resolution in sections of zebrafish larvae ( Danio rerio ), a model developing vertebrate. We demonstrate that methylmercury specifically targets the outer segments of photoreceptor cells in both the retina and pineal gland. Methylmercury distribution in both tissues was correlated with that of sulfur, which, together with methylmercury's affinity for thiolate donors, suggests involvement of protein cysteine residues in methylmercury binding. In contrast, in the lens, the mercury distribution was different from that of sulfur, with methylmercury specifically accumulating in the secondary fiber cells immediately underlying the lens epithelial cells rather than in the lens epithelial cells themselves. Since methylmercury targets two main eye tissues (lens and photoreceptors) that are directly involved in visual perception, it now seems likely that the visual disruption associated with methylmercury exposure in higher animals including humans may arise from direct damage to photoreceptors, in addition to injury of the visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Korbas
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK
S7N 2V3, Canada
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell
Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,
SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Barry Lai
- X-ray
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue,
Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Stefan Vogt
- X-ray
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue,
Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sophie-Charlotte Gleber
- X-ray
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue,
Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chithra Karunakaran
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK
S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2,
Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3,
Canada
| | - Patrick H. Krone
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell
Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,
SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3,
Canada
| | - Graham N. George
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2,
Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3,
Canada
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67
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Yamashita M, Yamashita Y, Suzuki T, Kani Y, Mizusawa N, Imamura S, Takemoto K, Hara T, Hossain MA, Yabu T, Touhata K. Selenoneine, a novel selenium-containing compound, mediates detoxification mechanisms against methylmercury accumulation and toxicity in zebrafish embryo. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 15:559-70. [PMID: 23709046 PMCID: PMC3742965 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-013-9508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The selenium (Se)-containing antioxidant selenoneine (2-selenyl-N α,N α,N α-trimethyl-L-histidine) has recently been discovered to be the predominant form of organic Se in tuna blood. Although dietary intake of fish Se has been suggested to reduce methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity, the molecular mechanism of MeHg detoxification by Se has not yet been determined. Here, we report evidence that selenoneine accelerates the excretion and demethylation of MeHg, mediated by a selenoneine-specific transporter, organic cations/carnitine transporter-1 (OCTN1). Selenoneine was incorporated into human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells transiently overexpressing OCTN1 and zebrafish blood cells by OCTN1. The K m for selenoneine uptake was 13.0 μM in OCTN1-overexpressing HEK293 cells and 9.5 μM in zebrafish blood cells, indicating high affinity of OCTN1 for selenoneine in human and zebrafish cells. When such OCTN1-expressing cells and embryos were exposed to MeHg-cysteine (MeHgCys), MeHg accumulation was decreased and the excretion and demethylation of MeHg were enhanced by selenoneine. In addition, exosomal secretion vesicles were detected in the culture water of embryos that had been microinjected with MeHgCys, suggesting that these may be responsible for MeHg excretion and demethylation. In contrast, OCTN1-deficient embryos accumulated MeHg, and MeHg excretion and demethylation were decreased. Furthermore, Hg accumulation was decreased in OCTN1-overexpressing HEK293 cells, but not in mock vector-transfected cells, indicating that selenoneine and OCTN1 can regulate MeHg detoxification in human cells. Thus, the selenoneine-mediated OCTN1 system regulates secretory lysosomal vesicle formation and MeHg demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Yamashita
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan.
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68
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Lou X, Zhao T, Liu R, Ma J, Xiao Y. Self-Assembled DNA Monolayer Buffered Dynamic Ranges of Mercuric Electrochemical Sensor. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7574-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401680c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Lou
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan
North Road 105, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan
North Road 105, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan
North Road 105, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan
North Road 105, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
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69
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Ho NY, Yang L, Legradi J, Armant O, Takamiya M, Rastegar S, Strähle U. Gene responses in the central nervous system of zebrafish embryos exposed to the neurotoxicant methyl mercury. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3316-3325. [PMID: 23458150 DOI: 10.1021/es3050967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Methyl mercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxicant with adverse effects on the development of the nervous system from fish to man. Despite a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which MeHg affects cellular homeostasis, it is still not clear how MeHg causes developmental neurotoxicity. We performed here a genome-wide transcriptional analysis of MeHg-exposed zebrafish embryos and combined this with a whole-mount in situ expression analysis of 88 MeHg-affected genes. The majority of the analyzed genes showed tissue- and region-restricted responses in various organs and tissues. The genes were linked to gene ontology terms like oxidative stress, transport and cell protection. Areas even within the central nervous system (CNS) are affected differently resulting in distinct cellular stress responses. Our study revealed an unexpected heterogeneity in gene responses to MeHg exposure in different tissues and neuronal subregions, even though the known molecular action of MeHg would predict a similar burden of exposed cells. The overall structure of the developing brain of MeHg-exposed embryos appeared normal, suggesting that the mechanism leading to differentiation of the CNS is not overtly affected by exposure to MeHg. We propose that MeHg disturbs the function of the CNS by disturbing the cellular homeostasis. As these cellular stress responses comprise genes that are also involved in normal neuronal activity and learning, MeHg may affect the developing CNS in a subtle manner that manifests itself in behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Yu Ho
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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70
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Dórea JG, Farina M, Rocha JBT. Toxicity of ethylmercury (and Thimerosal): a comparison with methylmercury. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 33:700-11. [PMID: 23401210 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethylmercury (etHg) is derived from the metabolism of thimerosal (o-carboxyphenyl-thio-ethyl-sodium salt), which is the most widely used form of organic mercury. Because of its application as a vaccine preservative, almost every human and animal (domestic and farmed) that has been immunized with thimerosal-containing vaccines has been exposed to etHg. Although methylmercury (meHg) is considered a hazardous substance that is to be avoided even at small levels when consumed in foods such as seafood and rice (in Asia), the World Health Organization considers small doses of thimerosal safe regardless of multiple/repetitive exposures to vaccines that are predominantly taken during pregnancy or infancy. We have reviewed in vitro and in vivo studies that compare the toxicological parameters among etHg and other forms of mercury (predominantly meHg) to assess their relative toxicities and potential to cause cumulative insults. In vitro studies comparing etHg with meHg demonstrate equivalent measured outcomes for cardiovascular, neural and immune cells. However, under in vivo conditions, evidence indicates a distinct toxicokinetic profile between meHg and etHg, favoring a shorter blood half-life, attendant compartment distribution and the elimination of etHg compared with meHg. EtHg's toxicity profile is different from that of meHg, leading to different exposure and toxicity risks. Therefore, in real-life scenarios, a simultaneous exposure to both etHg and meHg might result in enhanced neurotoxic effects in developing mammals. However, our knowledge on this subject is still incomplete, and studies are required to address the predictability of the additive or synergic toxicological effects of etHg and meHg (or other neurotoxicants).
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasilia, 70919-970, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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71
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Zhang J, Li B, Zhang Y, Li A, Yu X, Huang Q, Fan C, Cai X. Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis of biodistribution and pulmonary toxicity of nanoscale titanium dioxide in mice. Analyst 2013; 138:6511-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01267k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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72
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Lei Y, Ma F, Tian Y, Niu Q, Mi H, Nurulla I, Shi W. Fluorene-based conjugated polymer with tethered thymines: click postpolymerization synthesis and optical response to mercury(II). J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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73
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Choi JK, Sargsyan G, Olive AM, Balaz M. Highly sensitive and selective spectroscopic detection of mercury(II) in water by using pyridylporphyrin-DNA conjugates. Chemistry 2012; 19:2515-22. [PMID: 23239513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Single-labeled pyridylporphyrin-DNA conjugates are reported as highly sensitive and selective spectroscopic sensors for mercury(II) ions in water. The effects of chemical structure (thymine versus adenine), number of nucleotides (monomer versus octamer), and porphyrin metalation (Zn versus free base) on the sensitivity and selectivity of mercury(II) detection are explored. The results indicated that pyridylporphyrin rather than the nucleobase plays a crucial role in mercury(II) sensing, because porphyrin conjugates with both adenosine and thymidine exhibited excellent mercury(II) detection. Mercury(II) recognition was shown in emission quenching, as well as in a redshift of the porphyrin Soret band absorption. The limit of detection (LOD, 3σ/slope) of zinc(II) pyridylporphyrin-5'-oligodeoxythymidine (ZnPorT8) obtained by fluorescence quenching was calculated to be 21.14 nM. Other metal cations (Zn(2+), Cd(2+), Pb(2+), Mn(2+), Ca(2+), Ni(2+), Mg(2+), Fe(2+), Cu(2+), and Na(+)) did not interfere with the emission and absorption sensing of mercury(II). Free-base porphyrin-oligothymine conjugate 2HPorT8 displayed similar sensitivity to ZnPorT8 but different selectivity. The results also implied that the sensing properties of porphyrin-deoxythymidine conjugates could potentially be tuned by porphyrin metalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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74
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Sloman KA, McNeil PL. Using physiology and behaviour to understand the responses of fish early life stages to toxicants. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 81:2175-2198. [PMID: 23252733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of early life stages of fishes (embryos and larvae) in toxicity testing has been in existence for a long time, generally utilizing endpoints such as morphological defects and mortality. Behavioural endpoints, however, may represent a more insightful evaluation of the ecological effects of toxicants. Indeed, recent years have seen a considerable increase in the use of behavioural measurements in early life stages reflecting a substantial rise in zebrafish Danio rerio early life-stage toxicity testing and the development of automated behavioural monitoring systems. Current behavioural endpoints identified for early life stages in response to toxicant exposure include spontaneous activity, predator avoidance, capture of live food, shoaling ability and interaction with other individuals. Less frequently used endpoints include measurement of anxiogenic behaviours and cognitive ability, both of which are suggested here as future indicators of toxicant disruption. For many simple behavioural endpoints, there is still a need to link behavioural effects with ecological relevance; currently, only a limited number of studies have addressed this issue. Understanding the physiological mechanisms that underlie toxicant effects on behaviour so early in life has received far less attention, perhaps because physiological measurements can be difficult to carry out on individuals of this size. The most commonly established physiological links with behavioural disruption in early life stages are similar to those seen in juveniles and adults including sensory deprivation (olfaction, lateral line and vision), altered neurogenesis and neurotransmitter concentrations. This review highlights the importance of understanding the integrated behavioural and physiological response of early life stages to toxicants and identifies knowledge gaps which present exciting areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Sloman
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Campus, Paisley, Scotland PA1 2BE, UK.
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75
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Metallomics in environmental and health related research: Current status and perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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76
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Zheng W, Haacke EM, Webb SM, Nichol H. Imaging of stroke: a comparison between X-ray fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging methods. Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 30:1416-23. [PMID: 22789844 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A dual imaging approach, combining magnetic resonance imaging to localize lesions and synchrotron rapid scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping to localize and quantify calcium, iron and zinc was used to examine one case of recent stroke with hemorrhage and two cases of ischemia 3 and 7 years before death with the latter showing superficial necrosis. In hemorrhagic lesions, more Fe is found accompanied with less Zn. In chronic ischemic lesions, Fe, Zn and Ca are lower indicating that these elements are removed as the normal tissue dies and scar tissue forms. Both susceptibility and T2* maps were calculated to visualize iron in hemorrhages and validated by XRF Ca and Fe maps. The former was superior for imaging iron in hemorrhagic transformation and necrosis but did not capture ischemic lesions. In contrast, T2* could not differentiate Ca from Fe in necrotic tissue but did capture ischemic lesions, complementing the susceptibility mapping. The spatial localization, accurate quantitative data and elemental differentiation shown here could also be valuable for imaging other brain tissue damage with abnormal Ca and Fe content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Zheng
- HUH-MR Research/Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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77
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Hezard T, Fajerwerg K, Evrard D, Collière V, Behra P, Gros P. Influence of the gold nanoparticles electrodeposition method on Hg(II) trace electrochemical detection. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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78
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Korbas M, MacDonald TC, Pickering IJ, George GN, Krone PH. Chemical form matters: differential accumulation of mercury following inorganic and organic mercury exposures in zebrafish larvae. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:411-20. [PMID: 22026432 DOI: 10.1021/cb200287c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mercury, one of the most toxic elements, exists in various chemical forms each with different toxicities and health implications. Some methylated mercury forms, one of which exists in fish and other seafood products, pose a potential threat, especially during embryonic and early postnatal development. Despite global concerns, little is known about the mechanisms underlying transport and toxicity of different mercury species. To investigate the impact of different mercury chemical forms on vertebrate development, we have successfully combined the zebrafish, a well-established developmental biology model system, with synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging. Our work revealed substantial differences in tissue-specific accumulation patterns of mercury in zebrafish larvae exposed to four different mercury formulations in water. Methylmercury species not only resulted in overall higher mercury burdens but also targeted different cells and tissues than their inorganic counterparts, thus revealing a significant role of speciation in cellular and molecular targeting and mercury sequestration. For methylmercury species, the highest mercury concentrations were in the eye lens epithelial cells, independent of the formulation ligand (chloride versusl-cysteine). For inorganic mercury species, in absence of l-cysteine, the olfactory epithelium and kidney accumulated the greatest amounts of mercury. However, with l-cysteine present in the treatment solution, mercuric bis-l-cysteineate species dominated the treatment, significantly decreasing uptake. Our results clearly demonstrate that the common differentiation between organic and inorganic mercury is not sufficient to determine the toxicity of various mercury species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Korbas
- Molecular and Environmental
Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2,
Canada
| | - Tracy C. MacDonald
- Molecular and Environmental
Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2,
Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3,
Canada
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental
Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2,
Canada
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular and Environmental
Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2,
Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3,
Canada
- Department of Anatomy
and Cell
Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,
SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Patrick H. Krone
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3,
Canada
- Department of Anatomy
and Cell
Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,
SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
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79
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Huang R, Zheng X, Wang C, Wu R, Yan S, Yuan J, Weng X, Zhou X. Reaction-Based Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Turn-On Mercury(II) Sensing and Imaging in Live Cells. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:915-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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80
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Hezard T, Fajerwerg K, Evrard D, Collière V, Behra P, Gros P. Gold nanoparticles electrodeposited on glassy carbon using cyclic voltammetry: Application to Hg(II) trace analysis. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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81
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Bohnsack JP, Assemi S, Miller JD, Furgeson DY. The primacy of physicochemical characterization of nanomaterials for reliable toxicity assessment: a review of the zebrafish nanotoxicology model. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 926:261-316. [PMID: 22975971 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-002-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have become increasingly prevalent in the past two decades in academic, medical, commercial, and industrial settings. The unique properties imbued with nanoparticles, as the physiochemical properties change from the bulk material to the surface atoms, present unique and often challenging characteristics that larger macromolecules do not possess. While nanoparticle characteristics are indeed exciting for unique chemistries, surface properties, and diverse applications, reports of toxicity and environmental impacts have tempered this enthusiasm and given cause for an exponential increase for concomitant nanotoxicology assessment. Currently, nanotoxicology is a steadily growing with new literature and studies being published more frequently than ever before; however, the literature reveals clear, inconsistent trends in nanotoxicological assessment. At the heart of this issue are several key problems including the lack of validated testing protocols and models, further compounded by inadequate physicochemical characterization of the nanomaterials in question and the seminal feedback loop of chemistry to biology back to chemistry. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are emerging as a strong nanotoxicity model of choice for ease of use, optical transparency, cost, and high degree of genomic homology to humans. This review attempts to amass all contemporary nanotoxicology studies done with the zebrafish and present as much relevant information on physicochemical characteristics as possible. While this report is primarily a physicochemical summary of nanotoxicity studies, we wish to strongly emphasize that for the proper evolution of nanotoxicology, there must be a strong marriage between the physical and biological sciences. More often than not, nanotoxicology studies are reported by groups dominated by one discipline or the other. Regardless of the starting point, nanotoxicology must be seen as an iterative process between chemistry and biology. It is our sincere hope that the future will introduce a paradigm shift in the approach to nanotoxicology with multidisciplinary groups for data analysis to produce predictive and correlative models for the end goal of rapid preclinical development of new therapeutics into the clinic or insertion into environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Bohnsack
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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82
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Chen Q, Wu X, Wang D, Tang W, Li N, Liu F. Oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanoparticles-enhanced QCM-D sensor for mercury(II) ions with high sensitivity and tunable dynamic range. Analyst 2011; 136:2572-7. [PMID: 21776617 DOI: 10.1039/c1an00010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) sensor was developed for highly sensitive and specific detection of mercury(II) ions (Hg(2+)) with a tunable dynamic range, using oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for both frequency and dissipation amplification. The fabrication of the sensor employed a 'sandwich-type' strategy, and formation of T-Hg(2+)-T structures in linker DNA reduced the hybridization of the GNPs-tagged DNA on the gold electrode, which could be used as the molecular switch for Hg(2+) sensing. This QCM-D mercury sensor showed a linear response of 10-200 nM, with detection limits of 4 nM and 7 nM for frequency and dissipation measurements, respectively. Moreover, the dynamic range of the sensor could be tuned by simply altering the concentration of linker DNA without designing new sensors in the cases where detection of Hg(2+) at different levels is required. This sensor afforded excellent selectivity toward Hg(2+) compared with other potential coexisting metal ions. The feasibility of the sensor was demonstrated by analyzing Hg(2+)-spiked tap- and lake-water samples with satisfactory recoveries. The proposed approach extended the application of the QCM-D system in metal ions sensing, and could be adopted for the detection of other analytes when complemented with the use of functional DNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, China
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83
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Zhang Z, Tang A, Liao S, Chen P, Wu Z, Shen G, Yu R. Oligonucleotide probes applied for sensitive enzyme-amplified electrochemical assay of mercury(II) ions. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3320-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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84
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Ko SK, Chen X, Yoon J, Shin I. Zebrafish as a good vertebrate model for molecular imaging using fluorescent probes. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2120-30. [PMID: 21240407 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00118j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes have been used extensively to monitor biomolecules and biologically relevant species in vitro and in vivo. A new trend in this area that has been stimulated by the desire to obtain more detailed information about the biological effects of analytes is the change from live cell to whole animal fluorescent imaging. Zebrafish has received great attention for live vertebrate imaging due to several noticeable advantages. In this tutorial review, recent advances in live zebrafish imaging using fluorescent probes, such as fluorescent proteins, synthetic fluorescent dyes and quantum dots, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Kyun Ko
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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85
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Eun Jun M, Roy B, Han Ahn K. “Turn-on” fluorescent sensing with “reactive” probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:7583-601. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc00014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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86
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Korbas M, O’Donoghue JL, Watson GE, Pickering IJ, Singh SP, Myers GJ, Clarkson TW, George GN. The chemical nature of mercury in human brain following poisoning or environmental exposure. ACS Chem Neurosci 2010; 1:810-8. [PMID: 22826746 DOI: 10.1021/cn1000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury is among the most potentially toxic species to which human populations are exposed, both at high levels through poisonings and at lower levels through consumption of fish and other seafood. However, the molecular mechanisms of methylmercury toxicity in humans remain poorly understood. We used synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to study mercury chemical forms in human brain tissue. Individuals poisoned with high levels of methylmercury species showed elevated cortical selenium with significant proportions of nanoparticulate mercuric selenide plus some inorganic mercury and methylmercury bound to organic sulfur. Individuals with a lifetime of high fish consumption showed much lower levels of mercuric selenide and methylmercury cysteineate. Mercury exposure did not perturb organic selenium levels. These results elucidate a key detoxification pathway in the central nervous system and provide new insights into the appropriate methods for biological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Korbas
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | | | - Gene E. Watson
- Department of Environmental Medicine
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Satya P. Singh
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Gary J. Myers
- Department of Environmental Medicine
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics
| | | | - Graham N. George
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
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87
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Mah V, Jalilehvand F. Glutathione complex formation with mercury(II) in aqueous solution at physiological pH. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1815-23. [PMID: 21073204 DOI: 10.1021/tx100260e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mercury(II) complexes formed in neutral aqueous solution with glutathione (GSH, here denoted AH(3) in its triprotonated form) were studied using Hg L(III)-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and (199)Hg NMR spectroscopy, complemented with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) analyses. The [Hg(AH)(2)](2-) complex, with the Hg-S bond distances at 2.325 ± 0.01 Å in linear S-Hg-S coordination, and the (199)Hg NMR chemical shift at -984 ppm, dominates except at high excess of glutathione. In a series of solutions with C(Hg(II)) ∼17 mM and GSH/Hg(II) mole ratios rising from 2.4 to 11.8, the gradually increasing mean Hg-S bond distance corresponds to an increasing amount of the [Hg(AH)(3)](4-) complex. ESI-MS peaks appear at -m/z values of 1208 and 1230 corresponding to the [Na(4)Hg(AH)(2)(A)](-) and [Na(5)Hg(AH)(A)(2)](-) species, respectively. In another series of solutions at pH 7.0 with C(Hg(II)) ∼50 mM and GSH/Hg(II) ratios from 2.0 to 10.0, the Hg L(III)-edge EXAFS and (199)Hg NMR spectra show that at high excess of glutathione (∼0.35 M) about ∼70% of the total mercury(II) concentration is present as the [Hg(AH)(3)](4-) complex, with the average Hg-S bond distance 2.42 ± 0.02 Å in trigonal HgS(3) coordination. The proportions of HgS(n) species, n = 2, 3, and 4, quantified by fitting linear combinations of model EXAFS oscillations to the experimental EXAFS data in our present and previous studies were used to obtain stability constants for the [Hg(AH)(3)](4-) complex and also for the [Hg(A)(4)](10-) complex that is present at high pH. For Hg(II) in low concentration at physiological conditions (pH 7.4, C(GSH) = 2.2 mM), the relative amounts of the HgS(2) species [Hg(AH)(2)](2-), [Hg(AH)(A)](3-), and the HgS(3) complex [Hg(AH)(3)](4-) were calculated to be 95:2:3. Our results are not consistent with the formation of dimeric Hg(II)-GSH complexes proposed in a recent EXAFS study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Mah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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88
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Miloslavina A, Ebert C, Tietze D, Ohlenschläger O, Englert C, Görlach M, Imhof D. An unusual peptide from Conus villepinii: synthesis, solution structure, and cardioactivity. Peptides 2010; 31:1292-300. [PMID: 20385188 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The venom of marine cone snails contains a variety of conformationally constrained peptides utilized by the animal to capture prey. Besides numerous conotoxins, which are characterized by complex disulfide patterns, other peptides with only a single disulfide bridge were isolated from different conus species. Here, we report the synthesis, structure elucidation and biological evaluation of the novel C-terminally amidated decapeptide CCAP-vil, PFc[CNSFGC]YN-NH(2), from Conus villepinii. The linear precursor peptide was generated by standard solid phase synthesis. Oxidation of the cysteine residues to yield the disulfide-bridged peptide was investigated under different conditions, including several ionic liquids (ILs) as new biocompatible reaction media. Among the examined ILs, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate ([C(2)mim][OTs]) was most efficient for CCAP-vil oxidative folding, since oxidation occurred without any byproduct formation. The structure of CCAP-vil was determined by NMR methods in aqueous solution and revealed a loop structure adopting a type(I) beta-turn between residues 4-7 imposed by the flanking disulfide bridge. The amino acid side chains of Pro(1), Phe(2), Phe(6) and Tyr(9) point in three directions away from the cyclic core into the solvent creating a rather hydrophobic surface of the molecule. Based on sequence homology to cardioactive peptides (CAPs) from gastropods and arthropods, such as PFc[CNAFTGC]-NH(2) (CCAP), the influence of CCAP-vil on heart rate using zebrafish embryos was investigated. CCAP-vil reduced the heart rate immediately upon injection into the heart as well as upon indirect application indicating an opposite effect to the cardioaccelerating CCAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia Miloslavina
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry, Peptide Chemistry Group, Friedrich Schiller University, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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89
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Zahler NH. Gel electrophoresis and X-ray fluorescence: A powerful combination for the analysis of protein metal binding. ACS Chem Biol 2010; 5:541-3. [PMID: 20557140 DOI: 10.1021/cb100145z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complex biochemical mechanisms that underlie the regulation, toxicity, and protein binding of metal ions requires the ability to analyze the metal content of individual proteins in complex mixtures. In this issue of ACS Chemical Biology, a technique combining gel electrophoresis with synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging demonstrates a rapid and powerful solution for simultaneously examining multiple proteins and metal ions of interest. The resulting technique is broadly applicable, does not require specialized equipment for sample preparation, and is likely to be extensible in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H. Zahler
- Caldera Pharmaceuticals, 278 DP Road Suite D, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544
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90
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George GN, Singh SP, Myers GJ, Watson GE, Pickering IJ. The chemical forms of mercury in human hair: a study using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Biol Inorg Chem 2010; 15:709-15. [PMID: 20225071 PMCID: PMC3887512 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-010-0638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human hair is frequently used as a bioindicator of mercury exposure. We have used X-ray absorption spectroscopy to examine the chemical forms of mercury in human hair samples taken from individuals with high fish consumption and concomitant exposure to methylmercury. The mercury is found to be predominantly methylmercury-cysteine or closely related species, comprising approximately 80% of the total mercury, with the remainder an inorganic thiolate-coordinated mercuric species. No appreciable role was found for selenium in coordinating mercury in hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham N George
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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91
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Dynamic accumulation and redistribution of methylmercury in the lens of developing zebrafish embryos and larvae. J Biol Inorg Chem 2010; 15:1137-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-010-0674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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92
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Yang L, Ho NY, Müller F, Strähle U. Methyl Mercury Suppresses the Formation of the Tail Primordium in Developing Zebrafish Embryos. Toxicol Sci 2010; 115:379-90. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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93
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan McRae
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Pritha Bagchi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - S. Sumalekshmy
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Christoph J. Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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94
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Zhu Z, Su Y, Li J, Li D, Zhang J, Song S, Zhao Y, Li G, Fan C. Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Mercury(II) Ions by Using a Mercury-Specific Oligonucleotide Probe and Gold Nanoparticle-Based Amplification. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7660-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9010809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Department of Biochemistry and National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Biochemistry and National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shiping Song
- Department of Biochemistry and National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Genxi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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95
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Goldschmidt J, Wanger T, Engelhorn A, Friedrich H, Happel M, Ilango A, Engelmann M, Stuermer IW, Ohl FW, Scheich H. High-resolution mapping of neuronal activity using the lipophilic thallium chelate complex TlDDC: protocol and validation of the method. Neuroimage 2009; 49:303-15. [PMID: 19682585 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In neurons the rate of K(+)-uptake increases with increasing activity. K(+)-analogues like the heavy metal ion thallium (Tl(+)) can be used, therefore, as tracers for imaging neuronal activity. However, when water-soluble Tl(+)-salts are injected systemically only minute amounts of the tracer enter the brain and the Tl(+)-uptake patterns are influenced by regional differences in blood-brain barrier (BBB) K(+)-permeability. We here show that the BBB-related limitations in using Tl(+) for imaging neuronal activity are no longer present when the lipophilic Tl(+) chelate complex thallium diethyldithiocarbamate (TlDDC) is applied. We systemically injected rodents with TlDDC and mapped the Tl(+)-distribution in the brain using an autometallographic (AMG) technique, a histochemical method for detecting heavy metals. We find that Tl(+)-doses for optimum AMG staining could be substantially reduced, and regional differences attributable to differences in BBB K(+)-permeability were no longer detectable, indicating that TlDDC crosses the BBB. At the cellular level, however, the Tl(+)-distribution was essentially the same as after injection of water-soluble Tl(+)-salts, indicating Tl(+)-release from TlDDC prior to neuronal or glial uptake. Upon sensory stimulation or intracortical microstimulation neuronal Tl(+)-uptake increased after TlDDC injection, upon muscimol treatment neuronal Tl(+)-uptake decreased. We present a protocol for mapping neuronal activity with cellular resolution, which is based on intravenous TlDDC injections during ongoing activity in unrestrained behaving animals and short stimulation times of 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Goldschmidt
- Leibniz Institut für Neurobiologie, Abteilung Akustik LernenSprache, Brenneckestrasse 6, Magdeburg, Germany.
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96
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Chapleau RR, Sagermann M. Real-time in vivo imaging of mercury uptake in Caenorhabditis elegans through the foodchain. Toxicology 2009; 261:136-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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97
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Zhang L, Lichtmannegger J, Summer KH, Webb S, Pickering IJ, George GN. Tracing Copper−Thiomolybdate Complexes in a Prospective Treatment for Wilson’s Disease. Biochemistry 2009; 48:891-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bi801926e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Zhang
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada, Institute of Toxicology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Josef Lichtmannegger
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada, Institute of Toxicology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Karl H. Summer
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada, Institute of Toxicology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Samuel Webb
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada, Institute of Toxicology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada, Institute of Toxicology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Graham N. George
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada, Institute of Toxicology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California 94025
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98
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Yang YK, Ko SK, Shin I, Tae J. Fluorescent detection of methylmercury by desulfurization reaction of rhodamine hydrazide derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4590-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b915723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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