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Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Macrophages Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Human Sporadic Acute Type A Aortic Dissection. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020399. [PMID: 36830768 PMCID: PMC9952989 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the progression of sporadic acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). The aim of this study was to characterize the cellular heterogeneity of macrophages in ATAAD tissues by scRNA-seq. Ascending aortic wall tissue from six ATAAD patients and three heart transplant donors was assessed by scRNA-seq and then analyzed and validated by various bioinformatic algorithms and histopathology experiments. The results revealed that the proportion of macrophages in ATAAD tissues (24.51%) was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (13.69%). Among the six macrophage subclusters, pro-inflammatory macrophages accounted for 14.96% of macrophages in the AD group and 0.18% in the normal group. Chemokine- and inflammation-related genes (CCL2, CCL20, S100A8, and S100A9) were expressed more intensively in macrophages in ATAAD tissue than in those in normal tissue. Additionally, intercellular communication analysis and transcription factor analysis indicated the activation of inflammation and degradation of the extracellular matrix in ATAAD tissue. Finally, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot experiments confirmed the overexpression of macrophage marker genes (CD68 and CD163) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP9 and MMP2) in ATAAD tissue. Collectively, our study provides a preliminary evaluation of the role of macrophages in ATAAD, and the results could aid in the development of therapeutic options in the future.
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Matherne MG, Phillips ES, Embrey SJ, Burke CM, Machado HL. Emerging functions of C/EBPβ in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1111522. [PMID: 36761942 PMCID: PMC9905667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast tumorigenesis relies on complex interactions between tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment, orchestrated by tightly regulated transcriptional networks. C/EBPβ is a key transcription factor that regulates the proliferation and differentiation of multiple cell types and modulates a variety of biological processes such as tissue homeostasis and the immune response. In addition, C/EBPβ has well-established roles in mammary gland development, is overexpressed in breast cancer, and has tumor-promoting functions. In this review, we discuss context-specific roles of C/EBPβ during breast tumorigenesis, isoform-specific gene regulation, and regulation of the tumor immune response. We present challenges in C/EBPβ biology and discuss the importance of C/EBPβ isoform-specific gene regulation in devising new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan G. Matherne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Emily S. Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Samuel J. Embrey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Caitlin M. Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Heather L. Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States,Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, United States,*Correspondence: Heather L. Machado,
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Endogenous IL-1 receptor antagonist restricts healthy and malignant myeloproliferation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:12. [PMID: 36596811 PMCID: PMC9810723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we explored the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) repressor cytokine, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1rn), in both healthy and abnormal hematopoiesis. Low IL-1RN is frequent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and represents a prognostic marker of reduced survival. Treatments with IL-1RN and the IL-1β monoclonal antibody canakinumab reduce the expansion of leukemic cells, including CD34+ progenitors, in AML xenografts. In vivo deletion of IL-1rn induces hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation into the myeloid lineage and hampers B cell development via transcriptional activation of myeloid differentiation pathways dependent on NFκB. Low IL-1rn is present in an experimental model of pre-leukemic myelopoiesis, and IL-1rn deletion promotes myeloproliferation, which relies on the bone marrow hematopoietic and stromal compartments. Conversely, IL-1rn protects against pre-leukemic myelopoiesis. Our data reveal that HSC differentiation is controlled by balanced IL-1β/IL-1rn levels under steady-state, and that loss of repression of IL-1β signaling may underlie pre-leukemic lesion and AML progression.
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Wang W, Liang M, Wang L, Bei W, Rong X, Xu J, Guo J. Role of prostaglandin E2 in macrophage polarization: Insights into atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 207:115357. [PMID: 36455672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a trigger of cardiovascular disease, poses grave threats to human health. Although atherosclerosis depends on lipid accumulation and vascular wall inflammation, abnormal phenotypic regulation of macrophages is considered the pathological basis of atherosclerosis. Macrophage polarization mainly refers to the transformation of macrophages into pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, which has recently become a much-discussed topic. Increasing evidence has shown that M2 macrophage polarization can alleviate atherosclerosis progression. PGE2 is a bioactive lipid that has been observed to be elevated in atherosclerosis and to play a pro-inflammatory role, yet recent studies have reported that PGE2 promotes anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization and mitigates atherosclerosis progression. However, the mechanisms by which PGE2 acts remain unclear. This review summarizes current knowledge of PGE2 and macrophages in atherosclerosis. Additionally, we discuss potential PGE2 mechanisms of macrophage polarization, including CREB, NF-κB, and STAT signaling pathways, which may provide important therapeutic strategies based on targeting PGE2 pathways to modulate macrophage polarization for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingjie Liang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianqin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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55
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Sommerfeld L, Knuth I, Finkernagel F, Pesek J, Nockher WA, Jansen JM, Wagner U, Nist A, Stiewe T, Müller-Brüsselbach S, Müller R, Reinartz S. Prostacyclin Released by Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promotes Immunosuppressive and Pro-Metastatic Macrophage Polarization in the Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246154. [PMID: 36551640 PMCID: PMC9776493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of high-grade ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is orchestrated by soluble mediators of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we have used transcriptomic profiling to identify lipid-mediated signaling pathways encompassing 41 ligand-synthesizing enzymes and 23 cognate receptors in tumor, immune and stroma cells from HGSC metastases and ascites. Due to its strong association with a poor clinical outcome, prostacyclin (PGI2) synthase (PTGIS) is of particular interest in this signaling network. PTGIS is highly expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), concomitant with elevated PGI2 synthesis, whereas tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) exhibit the highest expression of its surface receptor (PTGIR). PTGIR activation by PGI2 agonists triggered cAMP accumulation and induced a mixed-polarization macrophage phenotype with altered inflammatory gene expression, including CXCL10 and IL12A repression, as well as reduced phagocytic capability. Co-culture experiments provided further evidence for the interaction of CAF with macrophages via PGI2, as the effect of PGI2 agonists on phagocytosis was mitigated by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Furthermore, conditioned medium from PGI2-agonist-treated TAM promoted tumor adhesion to mesothelial cells and migration in a PTGIR-dependent manner, and PTGIR activation induced the expression of metastasis-associated and pro-angiogenic genes. Taken together, our study identifies a PGI2/PTGIR-driven crosstalk between CAF, TAM and tumor cells, promoting immune suppression and a pro-metastatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Sommerfeld
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Knuth
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Bioinformatics Spectrometry Core Facility, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jelena Pesek
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A. Nockher
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia M. Jansen
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital (UKGM), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital (UKGM), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller-Brüsselbach
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (S.R.)
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56
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Nawaz A, Bilal M, Fujisaka S, Kado T, Aslam MR, Ahmed S, Okabe K, Igarashi Y, Watanabe Y, Kuwano T, Tsuneyama K, Nishimura A, Nishida Y, Yamamoto S, Sasahara M, Imura J, Mori H, Matzuk MM, Kudo F, Manabe I, Uezumi A, Nakagawa T, Oishi Y, Tobe K. Depletion of CD206 + M2-like macrophages induces fibro-adipogenic progenitors activation and muscle regeneration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7058. [PMID: 36411280 PMCID: PMC9678897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration requires the coordination of muscle stem cells, mesenchymal fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), and macrophages. How macrophages regulate the paracrine secretion of FAPs during the recovery process remains elusive. Herein, we systemically investigated the communication between CD206+ M2-like macrophages and FAPs during the recovery process using a transgenic mouse model. Depletion of CD206+ M2-like macrophages or deletion of CD206+ M2-like macrophages-specific TGF-β1 gene induces myogenesis and muscle regeneration. We show that depletion of CD206+ M2-like macrophages activates FAPs and activated FAPs secrete follistatin, a promyogenic factor, thereby boosting the recovery process. Conversely, deletion of the FAP-specific follistatin gene results in impaired muscle stem cell function, enhanced fibrosis, and delayed muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, CD206+ M2-like macrophages inhibit the secretion of FAP-derived follistatin via TGF-β signaling. Here we show that CD206+ M2-like macrophages constitute a microenvironment for FAPs and may regulate the myogenic potential of muscle stem/satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Nawaz
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan ,grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan ,grid.16694.3c0000 0001 2183 9479Present Address: Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Tomonobu Kado
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Muhammad Rahil Aslam
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- grid.415712.40000 0004 0401 3757Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000 Pakistan
| | - Keisuke Okabe
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan ,grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Yoshiko Igarashi
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Takahide Kuwano
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Ayumi Nishimura
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishida
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sasahara
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Johji Imura
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411 USA
| | - Fujimi Kudo
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Systems Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Systems Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Yumiko Oishi
- grid.410821.e0000 0001 2173 8328Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
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Zhu X, Schrader JM, Irizarry BA, Smith SO, Van Nostrand WE. Impact of Aβ40 and Aβ42 Fibrils on the Transcriptome of Primary Astrocytes and Microglia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2982. [PMID: 36428550 PMCID: PMC9688026 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposits in the brain, which are primarily composed of Aβ40 or Aβ42 peptides, are key pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders. Although the underlying mechanisms are still not clear, the Aβ fibrils can trigger a number of cellular responses, including activation of astrocytes and microglia. In addition, fibril structures of the Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides are known to be polymorphic, which poses a challenge for attributing the contribution of different Aβ sequences and structures to brain pathology. Here, we systematically treated primary astrocytes and microglia with single, well-characterized polymorphs of Aβ40 or Aβ42 fibrils, and performed bulk RNA sequencing to assess cell-specific changes in gene expression. A greater number of genes were up-regulated by Aβ42 fibril-treated glial cells (251 and 2133 genes in astrocyte and microglia, respectively) compared with the Aβ40 fibril-treated glial cells (191 and 251 genes in astrocytes and microglia, respectively). Immunolabeling studies in an AD rat model with parenchymal fibrillar Aβ42 plaques confirmed the expression of PAI-1, MMP9, MMP12, CCL2, and C1r in plaque-associated microglia, and iNOS, GBP2, and C3D in plaque-associated astrocytes, validating markers from the RNA sequence data. In order to better understand these Aβ fibril-induced gene changes, we analyzed gene expression patterns using the Ingenuity pathway analysis program. These analyses further highlighted that Aβ42 fibril treatment up-regulated cellular activation pathways and immune response pathways in glial cells, including IL1β and TNFα in astrocytes, and microglial activation and TGFβ1 in microglia. Further analysis revealed that a number of disease-associated microglial (DAM) genes were surprisingly suppressed in Aβ40 fibril treated microglia. Together, the present findings indicate that Aβ42 fibrils generally show similar, but stronger, stimulating activity of glial cells compared with Aβ40 fibril treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhu
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Joseph M. Schrader
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Brandon A. Irizarry
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Steven O. Smith
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - William E. Van Nostrand
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Zhong K, Huang Y, Zilundu PLM, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Yu G, Fu R, Chung SK, Tang Y, Cheng X, Zhou L. Motor neuron survival is associated with reduced neuroinflammation and increased autophagy after brachial plexus avulsion injury in aldose reductase-deficient mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:271. [PMID: 36352421 PMCID: PMC9648007 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachial plexus root avulsion (BPRA) is frequently caused by high-energy trauma including traffic accident and birth trauma, which will induces massive motoneurons (MNs) death as well as loss of motor and sensory function in the upper limb. The death of MNs is attributed to energy deficiency, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress at the injured ventral horn of spinal cord triggered by BPRA injury. It has been reported which aldose reductase (AR), an endogenous enzyme that catalyzes fructose synthesis, positively correlates with the poor prognosis following cerebral ischemic injury, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, the role of AR in BPRA remains unknown. Herein, we used a mouse model and found that in the spinal cord of BPRA mice, the upregulation of AR correlated significantly with (1) an inactivated SIRT1-AMPK-mTOR pathway and disrupted autophagy; (2) increased byproducts accumulation of lipid peroxidation metabolism and neuroinflammation; and (3) increased MNs death. Furthermore, our results demonstrated the role of AR in BPRA injury whereby the absence of AR (AR knockout mice, AR-/-) prevented the hyper-neuroinflammation and disrupted autophagy as well as motor neuron death caused by BPRA injury. Finally, we further demonstrate that AR inhibitor epalrestat is neuroprotective against BPRA injury by increasing autophagy level, alleviating neuroinflammation and rescuing MNs death in mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the AR upregulation in the spinal cord is an important factor contributing to autophagy disruption, neuroinflammation and MNs death following brachial plexus roots avulsion in mice. Our study also provides a promising therapy drug to assist re-implantation surgery for the treatment of BPRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Yaqiong Wang
- Department of Electron Microscope, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyin Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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59
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Ahmadi M, Karlsen A, Mehling J, Soendenbroe C, Mackey AL, Hyldahl RD. Aging is associated with an altered macrophage response during human skeletal muscle regeneration. Exp Gerontol 2022; 169:111974. [PMID: 36228835 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injury in aged rodents is characterized by an asynchronous infiltration of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage waves, leading to improper and incomplete regeneration. It is unclear whether this aberration also occurs in aged human muscle. In this study, we quantified the macrophage responses in a human model of muscle damage and regeneration induced by electrical stimulation in 7 young and 21 older adults. At baseline, total resident macrophage (CD68+/DAPI+) content was not different between young and old subjects, but pro-inflammatory (CD206-/CD68+/DAPI+) macrophage content was lower in the old. Following damage, muscle Infiltration of CD206-/CD68+/DAPI+ macrophages was lower in old relative to young subjects. Further, only the increase in CD206-/CD68+ macrophages correlated with the change in muscle satellite cell content. Our data show that older individuals have a compromised macrophage response during muscle regeneration, pointing to an altered inflammatory response as a potential mechanism for reduced muscle regenerative efficacy in aged humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Ahmadi
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Anders Karlsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jack Mehling
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Casper Soendenbroe
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Robert D Hyldahl
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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Fetuin-A is an immunomodulator and a potential therapeutic option in BMP4-dependent heterotopic ossification and associated bone mass loss. Bone Res 2022; 10:62. [PMID: 36289197 PMCID: PMC9605967 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the abnormal formation of bone in extraskeletal sites. However, the mechanisms linking HO pathogenesis with bone mass dysfunction remain unclear. Here, we showed that mice harboring injury-induced and BMP4-dependent HO exhibit bone mass loss similar to that presented by patients with HO. Moreover, we found that injury-induced hyperinflammatory responses at the injury site triggered HO initiation but did not result in bone mass loss at 1 day post-injury (dpi). In contrast, a suppressive immune response promoted HO propagation and bone mass loss by 7 dpi. Correcting immune dysregulation by PD1/PDL1 blockade dramatically alleviated HO propagation and bone mass loss. We further demonstrated that fetuin-A (FetA), which has been frequently detected in HO lesions but rarely observed in HO-adjacent normal bone, acts as an immunomodulator to promote PD1 expression and M2 macrophage polarization, leading to immunosuppression. Intervention with recombinant FetA inhibited hyperinflammation and prevented HO and associated bone mass loss. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the osteoimmunological interactions that occur during HO formation and suggest that FetA is an immunosuppressor and a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of HO.
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EGCG Prevents the Transcriptional Reprogramming of an Inflammatory and Immune-Suppressive Molecular Signature in Macrophage-like Differentiated Human HL60 Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205065. [PMID: 36291849 PMCID: PMC9599716 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Scientists are increasingly harnessing the power of the immune system to prevent cancer. While macrophages are a major component of the tumor microenvironment where they orchestrate various aspects of immunity, dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses will play a key role in cancer initiation and progression. Depending on their activation status, macrophages can have a dual impact on tumorigenesis by either antagonising cytotoxic immune cells or enhancing antitumor responses. Increased infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages has long been associated with poor patient prognosis in most solid cancers, highlighting their value as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer. A variety of macrophage-centered approaches to cancer therapy have been investigated, including strategies to prevent tumor-promoting activities. In this study, we highlight the chemopreventive properties of EGCG derived from green tea that underpin its ability to re-program macrophage molecular signature and function. Abstract Background: The promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation process enables recapitulation of the polarized M1 or M2 macrophage-like phenotype with inflammatory and immune-suppressive properties. While evidence supports the anti-inflammatory effect of dietary-derived epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), its impact on the onset of immune phenotype molecular signature remains unclear. Methods: Human HL60 promyelocytic cells grown in suspension were differentiated into CD11bHigh/CD14Low adherent macrophages with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Gelatin zymography was used to assess the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and total RNA was isolated for RNAseq and RT-qPCR assessment of differentially expressed gene levels involved in inflammation and immunity. Protein lysates were used to assess the phosphorylation status of signaling intermediates involved in macrophage-like cell differentiation. Results: Cell adhesion and induction of MMP-9 were indicative of HL60 cell differentiation into a macrophage-like phenotype. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3, p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK), and cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) were all phosphorylated, and EGCG reduced such phosphorylation status. Increases in inflammation and immunity genes included, among others, CCL22, CSF1, CSF2, IL1B, and TNF, which inductions were prevented by EGCG. This was corroborated by unbiased transcriptomic analysis which further highlighted the capacity of EGCG to downregulate the hematopoietic stem cell regulator CBFA2T3. Conclusion: EGCG inhibits inflammatory signaling crosstalk and prevents the onset of an immune phenotype in macrophage-like differentiated cells.
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Liang S, Ma J, Gong H, Shao J, Li J, Zhan Y, Wang Z, Wang C, Li W. Immune regulation and emerging roles of noncoding RNAs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:987018. [PMID: 36311754 PMCID: PMC9608867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.987018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, engenders an onerous burden on public hygiene. Congenital and adaptive immunity in the human body act as robust defenses against the pathogens. However, in coevolution with humans, this microbe has gained multiple lines of mechanisms to circumvent the immune response to sustain its intracellular persistence and long-term survival inside a host. Moreover, emerging evidence has revealed that this stealthy bacterium can alter the expression of demic noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), leading to dysregulated biological processes subsequently, which may be the rationale behind the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Meanwhile, the differential accumulation in clinical samples endows them with the capacity to be indicators in the time of tuberculosis suffering. In this article, we reviewed the nearest insights into the impact of ncRNAs during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as realized via immune response modulation and their potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis, drug resistance identification, treatment evaluation, and adverse drug reaction prediction of tuberculosis, aiming to inspire novel and precise therapy development to combat this pathogen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufan Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiechao Ma
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Lab, Deepwise Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuejuan Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhoufeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengdi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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63
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Chowdhury S, Trivedi AK. Origin, production and molecular determinants of macrophages for their therapeutic targeting. Cell Biol Int 2022; 47:15-29. [PMID: 36183367 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, the most heterogeneous cells of the hematopoietic system and the giant eaters of the immune system that present either as tissue-resident cells or infiltrated immune cells, eliminate foreign pathogens and microbes and also play different physiological roles to maintain the body's immune response. In this review, we basically provide a broad overview of macrophages from their origin, functional diversity to M1-M2 polarization, specialized markers, and their role as important therapeutic targets in different diseases based on the current research and evidence. Apart from this, we have precisely discussed about tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and their role in tumor progression and newly discovered lesser-known markers of TAMs that could be used as potential therapeutic targets to treat life-threatening diseases. It is really very important to understand the diversity of macrophages to develop TAM-modulating strategies to activate our own immune system against diseases and to overcome immune resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Chowdhury
- LSS008 Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Arun K Trivedi
- LSS008 Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Seto S, Nakamura H, Guo TC, Hikichi H, Wakabayashi K, Miyabayashi A, Nagata T, Hijikata M, Keicho N. Spatial multiomic profiling reveals the novel polarization of foamy macrophages within necrotic granulomatous lesions developed in lungs of C3HeB/FeJ mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:968543. [PMID: 36237431 PMCID: PMC9551193 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.968543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to the development of tuberculosis (TB) with the formation of granulomatous lesions. Foamy macrophages (FM) are a hallmark of TB granulomas, because they provide the primary platform of M. tuberculosis proliferation and the main source of caseous necrosis. In this study, we applied spatial multiomic profiling to identify the signatures of FM within the necrotic granulomas developed in a mouse model resembling human TB histopathology. C3HeB/FeJ mice were infected with M. tuberculosis to induce the formation of necrotic granulomas in the lungs. Using laser microdissection, necrotic granulomas were fractionated into three distinct regions, including the central caseous necrosis, the rim containing FM, and the peripheral layer of macrophages and lymphocytes, and subjected to proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. Comparison of proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of three distinct granulomatous regions revealed that four proteins/genes are commonly enriched in the rim region. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the localization of identified signatures to the rim of necrotic granulomas. We also investigated the localization of the representative markers for M1 macrophages in granulomas because the signatures of the rim included M2 macrophage markers. The localization of both macrophage markers suggests that FM in necrotic granulomas possessed the features of M1 or M2 macrophages. Gene set enrichment analysis of transcriptomic profiling revealed the upregulation of genes related to M2 macrophage activation and mTORC1 signaling in the rim. These results will provide new insights into the process of FM biogenesis, leading to further understanding of the pathophysiology of TB granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Seto
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shintaro Seto,
| | - Hajime Nakamura
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tz-Chun Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Hikichi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Wakabayashi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Miyabayashi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshi Nagata
- Department of Health Science, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Minako Hijikata
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Keicho
- Vice Director, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
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Yuan Q, Zhao B, Cao YH, Yan JC, Sun LJ, Liu X, Xu Y, Wang XY, Wang B. BCR-Associated Protein 31 Regulates Macrophages Polarization and Wound Healing Function via Early Growth Response 2/C/EBPβ and IL-4Rα/C/EBPβ Pathways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:1059-1070. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The BCR-associated protein 31 (BAP31), a transmembrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, participates in the regulation of immune cells, such as microglia and T cells, and has potential functions in macrophages that remain to be unexplored. In this study, we designed and bred macrophage-specific BAP31 knockdown mice to detect the polarization and functions of macrophages. The results revealed that M2 macrophage-associated genes were suppressed in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages of Lyz2 Cre-BAP31flox/flox mice. Multiple macrophage-associated transcription factors were demonstrated to be able to be regulated by BAP31. Among these factors, C/EBPβ was the most significantly decreased and was regulated by early growth response 2. BAP31 could also affect C/EBPβ via modulating IL-4Rα ubiquitination and proteasome degradation in IL-4–stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, we found that BAP31 affects macrophages functions, including angiogenesis and skin fibrosis, during the wound healing process through IL-4Rα, as confirmed by infection with adeno-associated virus–short hairpin (sh)-IL-4Rα in Lyz2 Cre-BAP31flox/flox mice. Our findings indicate a novel mechanism of BAP31 in regulating macrophages and provide potential solutions for the prevention and treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yuan
- College of Life Science and Health, Northeastern University, Hunnan Xinqu, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- College of Life Science and Health, Northeastern University, Hunnan Xinqu, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-hua Cao
- College of Life Science and Health, Northeastern University, Hunnan Xinqu, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia-cheng Yan
- College of Life Science and Health, Northeastern University, Hunnan Xinqu, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-jun Sun
- College of Life Science and Health, Northeastern University, Hunnan Xinqu, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Life Science and Health, Northeastern University, Hunnan Xinqu, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Life Science and Health, Northeastern University, Hunnan Xinqu, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-yu Wang
- College of Life Science and Health, Northeastern University, Hunnan Xinqu, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Life Science and Health, Northeastern University, Hunnan Xinqu, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Comprehensive identification of immuno-related transcriptional signature for active pulmonary tuberculosis by integrated analysis of array and single cell RNA-seq. J Infect 2022; 85:534-544. [PMID: 36007657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism underlying immune response to human infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains unclear. Assessing changes in transcript abundance in blood between health and disease on a genome-wide scale affords a comprehensive view of the impact of Mtb infection on the host defense and a reliable way to identify novel TB biomarkers. METHODS We combined expression profiling by array and single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) via 10X Genomics platform to better illustrate the immuno-related transcriptional signature of TB and explore potential diagnostic markers for differentiating TB from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and healthy control (HC). FINDINGS Pathway analysis based on differential expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that immune transcriptional profiling could effectively differ TB with LTBI and HC. Following WGCNA and PPI network analysis based on DEGs, we screened out three key immuno-related hub genes (ADM, IFIT3 and SERPING1) highly associated with TB. Further validation found only ADM expression significantly increased in TB patients in both adult and children's datasets. By comparing the scRNA-seq datasets from TB, LTBI and HC, we observed a remarkable elevated expression level and proportion of ADM in TB Myeloid cells, further supporting that ADM expression changes could distinguish patients with TB from LTBI and HC. Besides, the hsa-miR-24-3p-NEAT1-ADM-CEBPB regulation pathway might be one of the critical networks regulating the pathogenesis of TB. Although further investigation in a larger cohort is warranted, we provide useful and novel insight to explore the potential candidate genes for TB diagnosis and intervention. INTERPRETATION We propose that the expression of ADM in peripheral blood could be used as a novel biomarker for differentiating TB with LTBI and HC.
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Song W, Ovcharenko I. Heterogeneity of enhancers embodies shared and representative functional groups underlying developmental and cell type-specific gene regulation. Gene 2022; 834:146640. [PMID: 35680026 PMCID: PMC9235925 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
While enhancers in a particular tissue coordinately fulfill regulatory functions, these functions are heterogeneous in nature and comprise of multiple enhancer subclasses and the associated regulatory mechanisms. In this work, we used multiple cell lines to identify enhancer subclasses linked to development, differentiation, and cellular identity. We found that enhancer functional heterogeneity during development encompasses subclasses of ubiquitous functions (11%), development specific regulatory activity (62%), and chromatin interactions (12%). In differentiated cell lines, ubiquitous enhancers (10%) stay active across multiple cell lines.They are accompanied by a large enhancer subclass (ranging from 33% to 63%) with functions specific to the corresponding lineage. The remaining enhancers (27-40%) establish regulatory chromatin structure and facilitate interactions of cell type-specific enhancers with their target promoters. In addition to specialized functions of cell type-specific enhancers, we show that proper accounting of enhancer heterogeneity leads to a 10% increase in accuracy of enhancer classification, which significantly improves the modeling of enhancers and identification of underlying regulatory mechanisms. In summary, our observations suggest that although cell type-specific enhancers are heterogeneous and coordinate different regulatory programs, enhancers from different cell lines maintain common categories of functional groups across developmental and differentiation stages, indicating a higher order rule followed by enhancer-gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ivan Ovcharenko
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wang X, Zhou L. The Many Roles of Macrophages in Skeletal Muscle Injury and Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:952249. [PMID: 35898401 PMCID: PMC9309511 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.952249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is essential to physical activity and energy metabolism. Maintaining intact functions of skeletal muscle is crucial to health and wellbeing. Evolutionarily, skeletal muscle has developed a remarkable capacity to maintain homeostasis and to regenerate after injury, which indispensably relies on the resident muscle stem cells, satellite cells. Satellite cells are largely quiescent in the homeostatic steady state. They are activated in response to muscle injury. Activated satellite cells proliferate and differentiate into myoblasts. Myoblasts fuse to form myotubes which further grow and differentiate into mature myofibers. This process is tightly regulated by muscle microenvironment that consists of multiple cellular and molecular components, including macrophages. Present in both homeostatic and injured muscles, macrophages contain heterogeneous functional subtypes that play diverse roles in maintaining homeostasis and promoting injury repair. The spatial-temporal presence of different functional subtypes of macrophages and their interactions with myogenic cells are vital to the proper regeneration of skeletal muscle after injury. However, this well-coordinated process is often disrupted in a chronic muscle disease, such as muscular dystrophy, leading to asynchronous activation and differentiation of satellite cells and aberrant muscle regeneration. Understanding the precise cellular and molecular processes regulating interactions between macrophages and myogenic cells is critical to the development of therapeutic manipulation of macrophages to promote injury repair. Here, we review the current knowledge of the many roles played by macrophages in the regulation of myogenic cells in homeostatic, regenerating, and dystrophic skeletal muscles.
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69
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Wang S, Liu G, Li Y, Pan Y. Metabolic Reprogramming Induces Macrophage Polarization in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840029. [PMID: 35874739 PMCID: PMC9302576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the most important cells in the innate immune system, they are converted into two distinct subtypes with completely different molecular phenotypes and functional features under different stimuli of the microenvironment: M1 macrophages induced by IFN-γ/lipopolysaccharides(LPS) and M2 macrophages induced by IL-4/IL-10/IL-13. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) differentiate from macrophages through various factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME). TAMs have the phenotype and function of M2 macrophages and are capable of secreting multiple cytokines to promote tumor progression. Both tumor cells and macrophages can meet the energy needs for rapid cell growth and proliferation through metabolic reprogramming, so a comprehensive understanding of pro-tumor and antitumor metabolic switches in TAM is essential to understanding immune escape mechanisms. This paper focuses on the functions of relevant signaling pathways and cytokines during macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming, and briefly discusses the effects of different microenvironments and macrophage pathogenicity, in addition to describing the research progress of inhibitory drugs for certain metabolic and polarized signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunbao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Hong K, Muralimanoharan S, Kwak YT, Mendelson CR. NRF2 Serves a Critical Role in Regulation of Immune Checkpoint Proteins (ICPs) During Trophoblast Differentiation. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac070. [PMID: 35596653 PMCID: PMC9197021 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using cultured human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs), mid-gestation human trophoblasts in primary culture, and gene-targeted mice, we tested the hypothesis that the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (SynT) serves a critical role in pregnancy maintenance through production of key immune modulators/checkpoint proteins (ICPs) under control of the O2-regulated transcription factor, NRF2/NFE2L2. These ICPs potentially act at the maternal-fetal interface to protect the hemiallogeneic fetus from rejection by the maternal immune system. Using cultured hTSCs, we observed that several ICPs involved in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance were markedly upregulated during differentiation of cytotrophoblasts (CytTs) to SynT. These included HMOX1, kynurenine receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, PD-L1, and GDF15. Intriguingly, NRF2, C/EBPβ, and PPARγ were markedly induced when CytTs fused to form SynT in a 20% O2 environment. Notably, when hTSCs were cultured in a hypoxic (2% O2) environment, SynT fusion and the differentiation-associated induction of NRF2, C/EBPβ, aromatase (CYP19A1; SynT differentiation marker), and ICPs were blocked. NRF2 knockdown also prevented induction of aromatase, C/EBPβ and the previously mentioned ICPs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR revealed that temporal induction of the ICPs in hTSCs and mid-gestation human trophoblasts cultured in 20% O2 was associated with increased binding of endogenous NRF2 to putative response elements within their promoters. Moreover, placentas of 12.5 days postcoitum mice with a global Nrf2 knockout manifested decreased mRNA expression of C/ebpβ, Pparγ, Hmox1, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and Nqo1, another direct downstream target of Nrf2, compared with wild-type mice. Collectively, these compelling findings suggest that O2-regulated NRF2 serves as a key regulator of ICP expression during SynT differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | | | - Youn-Tae Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9032, USA
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8511, USA
- North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
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Ma S, Zhang J, Liu H, Li S, Wang Q. The Role of Tissue-Resident Macrophages in the Development and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:896591. [PMID: 35721513 PMCID: PMC9199005 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.896591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a refractory disease with many immune abnormalities and pathologies in the gastrointestinal tract. Because macrophages can distinguish innocuous antigens from potential pathogens to maintain mucosa barrier functions, they are essential cells in the intestinal immune system. With numerous numbers in the intestinal tract, tissue-resident macrophages have a significant effect on the constant regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells and maintaining the immune homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa. They also have a significant influence on IBD through regulating pro-(M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype polarization according to different environmental cues. The disequilibrium of the phenotypes and functions of macrophages, disturbed by intracellular or extracellular stimuli, influences the progression of disease. Further investigation of macrophages’ role in the progression of IBD will facilitate deciphering the pathogenesis of disease and exploring novel targets to develop novel medications. In this review, we shed light on the origin and maintenance of intestinal macrophages, as well as the role of macrophages in the occurrence and development of IBD. In addition, we summarize the interaction between gut microbiota and intestinal macrophages, and the role of the macrophage-derived exosome. Furthermore, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms participating in the polarization and functions of gut macrophages, the potential targeted strategies, and current clinical trials for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Heshi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
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Margraf A, Perretti M. Immune Cell Plasticity in Inflammation: Insights into Description and Regulation of Immune Cell Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111824. [PMID: 35681519 PMCID: PMC9180515 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a life-saving immune reaction occurring in response to invading pathogens. Nonetheless, inflammation can also occur in an uncontrolled, unrestricted manner, leading to chronic disease and organ damage. Mechanisms triggering an inflammatory response, hindering such a response, or leading to its resolution are well-studied but so far insufficiently elucidated with regard to precise therapeutic interventions. Notably, as an immune reaction evolves, requirements and environments for immune cells change, and thus cellular phenotypes adapt and shift, leading to the appearance of distinct cellular subpopulations with new functional features. In this article, we aim to highlight properties of, and overarching regulatory factors involved in, the occurrence of immune cell phenotypes with a special focus on neutrophils, macrophages and platelets. Additionally, we point out implications for both diagnostics and therapeutics in inflammation research.
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73
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Mengli Xu, Su J, Yue Z, Yu Y, Zhao X, Xie X. Inflammation and Limb Regeneration: The Role of the Chemokines. Russ J Dev Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360422030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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74
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Zhou W, Bai Y, Chen J, Li H, Zhang B, Liu H. Revealing the Critical Regulators of Modulated Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis in Mice. Front Genet 2022; 13:900358. [PMID: 35677564 PMCID: PMC9168464 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.900358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There are still residual risks for atherosclerosis (AS)-associated cardiovascular diseases to be resolved. Considering the vital role of phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in AS, especially in calcification, targeting SMC phenotypic modulation holds great promise for clinical implications. Methods: To perform an unbiased and systematic analysis of the molecular regulatory mechanism of phenotypic switching of SMCs during AS in mice, we searched and included several publicly available single-cell datasets from the GEO database, resulting in an inclusion of more than 80,000 cells. Algorithms implemented in the Seurat package were used for cell clustering and cell atlas depiction. The pySCENIC and SCENIC packages were used to identify master regulators of interested cell groups. Monocle2 was used to perform pseudotime analysis. clusterProfiler was used for Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. Results: After dimensionality reduction and clustering, reliable annotation was performed. Comparative analysis between cells from normal artery and AS lesions revealed that three clusters emerged as AS progression, designated as mSMC1, mSMC2, and mSMC3. Transcriptional and functional enrichment analysis established a continuous transitional mode of SMCs’ transdifferentiation to mSMCs, which is further supported by pseudotime analysis. A total of 237 regulons were identified with varying activity scores across cell types. A potential core regulatory network was constructed for SMC and mSMC subtypes. In addition, module analysis revealed a coordinate regulatory mode of regulons for a specific cell type. Intriguingly, consistent with gain of ossification-related transcriptional and functional characteristics, a corresponding small set of regulators contributing to osteochondral reprogramming was identified in mSMC3, including Dlx5, Sox9, and Runx2. Conclusion: Gene regulatory network inference indicates a hierarchical organization of regulatory modules that work together in fine-tuning cellular states. The analysis here provides a valuable resource that can provide guidance for subsequent biological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhou
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiao Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Health Care, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbin Liu,
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75
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Yan M, Song Z, Kou H, Shang G, Shang C, Chen X, Ji Y, Bao D, Cheng T, Li J, Lv X, Liu H, Chen S. New Progress in Basic Research of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Low Back Pain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:866857. [PMID: 35669508 PMCID: PMC9163565 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.866857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is quite common in clinical practice, which can lead to long-term bed rest or even disability. It is a worldwide health problem remains to be solved. LBP can be induced or exacerbated by abnormal structure and function of spinal tissue such as intervertebral disc (IVD), dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and muscle; IVD degeneration (IVDD) is considered as the most important among all the pathogenic factors. Inflammation, immune response, mechanical load, and hypoxia etc., can induce LBP by affecting the spinal tissue, among which inflammation and immune response are the key link. Inflammation and immune response play a double-edged sword role in LBP. As the main phagocytic cells in the body, macrophages are closely related to body homeostasis and various diseases. Recent studies have shown that macrophages are the only inflammatory cells that can penetrate the closed nucleus pulposus, expressed in various structures of the IVD, and the number is positively correlated with the degree of IVDD. Moreover, macrophages play a phagocytosis role or regulate the metabolism of DRG and muscle tissues through neuro-immune mechanism, while the imbalance of macrophages polarization will lead to more inflammatory factors to chemotaxis and aggregation, forming an "inflammatory waterfall" effect similar to "positive feedback," which greatly aggravates LBP. Regulation of macrophages migration and polarization, inhibition of inflammation and continuous activation of immune response by molecular biological technology can markedly improve the inflammatory microenvironment, and thus effectively prevent and treat LBP. Studies on macrophages and LBP were mainly focused in the last 3-5 years, attracting more and more scholars' attention. This paper summarizes the new research progress of macrophages in the pathogenesis and treatment of LBP, aiming to provide an important clinical prevention and treatment strategy for LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoheng Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongmian Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Kou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guowei Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deming Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tian Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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76
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Borkar NA, Ambhore NS, Kalidhindi RSR, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS, Sathish V. Kisspeptins inhibit human airway smooth muscle proliferation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152762. [PMID: 35420998 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex/gender disparity in asthma is recognized, and suggests a modulatory role for sex-steroids, particularly estrogen. However, studies including our own show a dichotomous role for estrogen in airway remodeling, making it unclear whether sex hormones are protective or detrimental in asthma, and suggesting a need to explore mechanisms upstream or independent of estrogen. We hypothesize that Kisspeptin (Kp)/KISS1R signaling serves this role. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is a key structural cell type that contributes to remodeling in asthma. We explored the role of Kp/KISS1R in regulating ASM proliferation. We report novel data that Kp and KISS1R are expressed in human airways, especially ASM, with lower expression in ASM from females compared to males, and asthmatics showing lowest expression compared to non-asthmatics. Proliferation studies showed that cleaved forms of Kp, particularly Kp-10 mitigates PDGF-induced ASM proliferation. Pharmacological inhibition and shRNA knockdown of KISS1R increased basal ASM proliferation, further amplified by PDGF. The anti-proliferative effect of Kp-10 in ASM was found to be mediated by inhibition of MAPK-ERK-Akt pathways, with altered expression of PCNA, C/EBP-alpha, Ki-67, Cyclin-D1, and Cyclin-E leading to cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Overall, we demonstrate the importance of Kp/KISS1R signaling in regulating ASM proliferation and a potentially novel therapeutic avenue to blunt remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati A Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, United States of America
| | - Nilesh Sudhakar Ambhore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, United States of America
| | | | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, United States of America
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77
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Immune system and sarcopenia: Presented relationship and future perspective. Exp Gerontol 2022; 164:111823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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78
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Medrano-Jiménez E, Meza-Sosa KF, Urbán-Aragón JA, Secundino I, Pedraza-Alva G, Pérez-Martínez L. Microglial activation in Alzheimer's disease: The role of flavonoids and microRNAs. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:47-77. [PMID: 35293018 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr1021-531r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of senile dementia and is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neuronal degeneration. Microglial activation is an important pathologic hallmark of AD. During disease progression, microglial cells switch from an alternative or anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective profile (M2) to a classic or proinflammatory and neurotoxic profile (M1). Phenotypically, M1 microglia is characterized by the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways that cause increased expression of proinflammatory genes, including those coding for cytokines and chemokines. This microglia-mediated neuroinflammation contributes to neuronal cell death. Recent studies in microglial cells have shown that a group of plant-derived compounds, known as flavonoids, possess anti-inflammatory properties and therefore exert a neuroprotective effect through regulating microglia activation. Here, we discuss how flavonoids can promote the switch from an inflammatory M1 phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in microglia and how this represents a valuable opportunity for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to blunt neuroinflammation and boost neuronal recovery in AD. We also review how certain flavonoids can inhibit neuroinflammation through their action on the expression of microglia-specific microRNAs (miRNAs), which also constitute a key therapeutic approach in different neuropathologies involving an inflammatory component, including AD. Finally, we propose novel targets of microglia-specific miRNAs that may be considered for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Medrano-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Karla F Meza-Sosa
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - José A Urbán-Aragón
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ismael Secundino
- Universidad De La Salle Bajío, Facultad de Odontología y Escuela de Veterinaria, León-Guanajuato, México
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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79
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MTAP loss correlates with an immunosuppressive profile in GBM and its substrate MTA stimulates alternative macrophage polarization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4183. [PMID: 35264604 PMCID: PMC8907307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain cancer known for its potent immunosuppressive effects. Loss of Methylthioadenosine Phosphorylase (MTAP) expression, via gene deletion or epigenetic silencing, is one of the most common alterations in GBM. Here we show that MTAP loss in GBM cells is correlated with differential expression of immune regulatory genes. In silico analysis of gene expression profiles in GBM samples revealed that low MTAP expression is correlated with an increased proportion of M2 macrophages. Using in vitro macrophage models, we found that methylthioadenosine (MTA), the metabolite that accumulates as a result of MTAP loss in GBM cells, promotes the immunosuppressive alternative activation (M2) of macrophages. We show that this effect of MTA on macrophages is independent of IL4/IL3 signaling, is mediated by the adenosine A2B receptor, and can be pharmacologically reversed. This study suggests that MTAP loss in GBM cells may contribute to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and that MTAP status should be considered for characterizing GBM immune states and devising immunotherapy-based approaches for treating MTAP-null GBM.
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80
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In Vitro Analysis of TGF-β Signaling Modulation of Porcine Alveolar Macrophages in Porcine Circovirus Type 2b Infection. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030101. [PMID: 35324828 PMCID: PMC8951539 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has been recognized as an immunosuppressive pathogen. However, the crosstalk between this virus and its host cells in related signaling pathways remains poorly understood. In this study, the expression profiles of 84 genes involved in transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway were probed in PCV2b-infected primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) by using an RT2 profiler PCR array system. The protein expression levels of cytokines involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway were determined with a RayBiotech fluorescent Quantibody® porcine cytokine array system. Results showed that 48, 30, and 42 genes were differentially expressed at 1, 24, and 48 h after infection, respectively. A large number of genes analyzed by a co-expression network and implicated in transcriptional regulation and apoptosis were differentially expressed in PCV2b-infected PAMs. Among these genes, TGF-β, interleukin-10, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPB), growth arrest, and DNA-damage-inducible 45 beta (GADD45B), and BCL2 were upregulated. By contrast, SMAD family member 1 (smad1) and smad3 were downregulated. These results suggested that the TGF-β signaling pathway was repressed in PAMs at the early onset of PCV2 infection. The inhibited apoptosis was indicated by the upregulated C/EBPB, GADD45B, and BCL2, and by the downregulated smad1 and smad3, which possibly increased the duration of PCV2 replication-permissive conditions and caused a persistent infection. Our study may provide insights into the underlying antiviral functional changes in the immune system of PCV2-infected pigs.
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81
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Takada K, Chiba T, Miyazaki T, Yagasaki L, Nakamichi R, Iwata T, Moriyama K, Harada H, Asahara H. Single Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Critical Functions of Mkx in Periodontal Ligament Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:795441. [PMID: 35186919 PMCID: PMC8854991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.795441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) comprises a fibrous tissue that connects teeth to alveolar bone and is essential for periodontal function. The transcription factor mohawk homeobox (Mkx) is expressed in the PDL where it plays an important role in the development and maintenance of the PDL. However, the precise and critical functions of Mkx in the cell populations comprising PDL have not yet been elucidated. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of a Mkx deficiency on PDL cellular heterogeneity and differences between gene expression in PDL tissues from wild-type (WT) (Mkx+/+) and Mkx knockout (Mkx−/−) rats using single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified 12 cell clusters comprising mesenchymal cells and macrophages. The expression of Mkx and scleraxis (Scx; another key transcription factor of PDL), was mutually exclusive, and partitioned mesenchymal cell clusters into Mkx and Scx types that dominantly expressed proteoglycans and elastic fibers, and type 1 and 3 collagen, respectively. Ossification-related genes were upregulated in mesenchymal cell and osteoblast clusters with more Mkx−/− than Mkx+/+ PDLs. Increased number of cells and inflammatory mediators were observed in macrophage clusters of Mkx−/− PDL. These results suggested that Mkx plays an important role in maintaining PDL homeostasis by regulating specific cell populations and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyazaki
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Lisa Yagasaki
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hiroshi Asahara,
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4R-cembranoid protects neuronal cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation by modulating microglial cell activation. Brain Res Bull 2022; 179:74-82. [PMID: 34942325 PMCID: PMC8849140 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As major immune responsive cells in the central nervous system (CNS), activated microglia can present pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype aggravating the neuronal injury or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype providing neuroprotection and promoting neuronal survival in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we demonstrated that a compound, 4R-cembranoid (4R, 1S, 2E, 4R, 6R,-7E, 11E-2, 7, 11-cembratriene-4, 6-diol cembranoids) promoted M2 phenotype while attenuated M1 phenotype in N9 cells, a microglial cell line. Following Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment, the N9 cells treated by 1 µM 4R showed an increased Arginase-1 (Arg1, a M2 marker) expression and a reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, M1 marker) expression. In addition, the conditioned medium of 4R-treated post-OGD N9 cells protected neuro2a cells, a neuronal cell line, from OGD-induced injury. The viability of neuro2a cells in OGD condition was increased by 54.5% after treated with the conditioned medium of 4R-treated post-OGD N9 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated the protective mechanism of 4R was associated with a decreased TNF-α release and an increased IL-10 release from N9 cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects of 4R were through the regulation of microglial activation by promoting the protective M2 activation and inhibiting the damaging M1 activation. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that 4R could be a promising lead structure for the development of drugs for the treatment of ischemic stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases with an inflammatory component involved.
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83
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Matsuzaka Y, Hirai Y, Hashido K, Okada T. Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles-Capsulated Adeno-Associated Virus Vector via nSMase2/Smpd3, Satellite, and Immune Cells in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1551. [PMID: 35163475 PMCID: PMC8836108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the dystrophin gene on chromosome Xp21. Disruption of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) on the cell membrane causes cytosolic Ca2+ influx, resulting in protease activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and progressive myofiber degeneration, leading to muscle wasting and fragility. In addition to the function of dystrophin in the structural integrity of myofibers, a novel function of asymmetric cell division in muscular stem cells (satellite cells) has been reported. Therefore, it has been suggested that myofiber instability may not be the only cause of dystrophic degeneration, but rather that the phenotype might be caused by multiple factors, including stem cell and myofiber functions. Furthermore, it has been focused functional regulation of satellite cells by intracellular communication of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in DMD pathology. Recently, a novel molecular mechanism of DMD pathogenesis-circulating RNA molecules-has been revealed through the study of target pathways modulated by the Neutral sphingomyelinase2/Neutral sphingomyelinase3 (nSMase2/Smpd3) protein. In addition, adeno-associated virus (AAV) has been clinically applied for DMD therapy owing to the safety and long-term expression of transduction genes. Furthermore, the EV-capsulated AAV vector (EV-AAV) has been shown to be a useful tool for the intervention of DMD, because of the high efficacy of the transgene and avoidance of neutralizing antibodies. Thus, we review application of AAV and EV-AAV vectors for DMD as novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan;
| | - Yukihiko Hirai
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
| | - Kazuo Hashido
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan;
| | - Takashi Okada
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
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84
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Riechert G, Maucher D, Schmidt B, Schumann J. miRNA-Mediated Priming of Macrophage M1 Differentiation Differs in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Settings. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:211. [PMID: 35205256 PMCID: PMC8871789 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A proper regulation of macrophage polarization is essential for the organism's health and pathogen control. Differentiation control is known to occur at the transcriptional as well as the posttranscriptional levels. The mechanisms involved, however, have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we co-cultured macrophages with viable Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to mimic macrophage differentiation to the M1-like type in an inflammatory milieu. We found that Gram-positive stimulation resulted in increased expressions of miR-7a-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-351-5p. Of note, these miRNAs were found to target inhibitory mediators of the Rac1-PI3K-Akt pathway and the MyD88-dependent pathway. In contrast, Gram-negative stimulation-induced downregulation of miR-9-5p, miR-27b-3p, miR-93-5p, and miR-106b-5p is known to target key members of the Rac1-PI3K-Akt pathway and the MyD88-dependent pathway. These results, taken together, point to a fine-tuning of macrophage polarization by TLR-induced changes in macrophage miRNA profiles. Here, the miRNA-mediated priming of M1 differentiation seems to differ in the Gram-positive and Gram-negative settings in terms of the mechanism and miRNAs involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julia Schumann
- University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care, University Medicine Halle (Saale), Franzosenweg 1a, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (G.R.); (D.M.); (B.S.)
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Zilio S, Bicciato S, Weed D, Serafini P. CCR1 and CCR5 mediate cancer-induced myelopoiesis and differentiation of myeloid cells in the tumor. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003131. [PMID: 35064009 PMCID: PMC8785210 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-induced ‘emergency’ myelopoiesis plays a key role in tumor progression by inducing the accumulation of myeloid cells with a suppressive phenotype peripherally and in the tumor. Chemokine receptors (CCRs) and, in particular, CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and CCR7 are emerging as key regulators of myeloid cell trafficking and function but their precise role has not been completely clarified yet because of the signal redundancy, integration, and promiscuity of chemokines and of the expression of these CCRs on other leukocyte subsets. Methods We used the 4PD nanoparticle for the in vivo targeted silencing of CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and/or CCR7 in the myeloid cells of tumor bearing mice to evaluate the effect of treatments on tumor growth, myeloid cell trafficking and polarization. We used flow and image cytometry and functional assays to monitor changes in the tumor microenvironment and depletion experiments and immune deficient mice to determine the role of Ly6G+cells during tumor progression. We further evaluated in vitro the impact of chemokine receptor inhibition and tumor derived factors on myeloid cell differentiation from mouse and human hematopoietic stem and precursors cells (HSPCs) using flow cytometry, transcriptome analysis, cytokines beads arrays, functional assays, and mice deficient for CCR1 or CCR5. Results 4PD-mediated in vivo silencing of CCR1 and CCR5 on myeloid cells and myeloid precursors was necessary and sufficient to inhibit tumor progression. Functional studies indicated that this antitumor effect was not mediated by alteration of myeloid cell chemotaxes but rather by the repolarization of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) into tumoricidal neutrophils. Transcriptome functional and cytokine analysis indicated that tumor derived factors induced CCL3 and CCL4 in HSPCs that, through the autocrine engagement of CCR1 and CCR5, induced HSPCs differentiation in MDSCs. These finding were confirmed across mice with different genetic backgrounds and using HSPCs from umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood of patients with cancer. Conclusions Our data support the notion that CCR1 and CCR5 and their ligands are a master immunological hub activated by several tumor derived factors. Activation of this pathway is necessary for the differentiation of MDSCs and protumoral macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Zilio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Donald Weed
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Paolo Serafini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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86
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Patsalos A, Halasz L, Medina-Serpas MA, Berger WK, Daniel B, Tzerpos P, Kiss M, Nagy G, Fischer C, Simandi Z, Varga T, Nagy L. A growth factor-expressing macrophage subpopulation orchestrates regenerative inflammation via GDF-15. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20210420. [PMID: 34846534 PMCID: PMC8635277 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is the result of the concerted action of multiple cell types driven by the temporarily controlled phenotype switches of infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages. Pro-inflammatory macrophages transition into a phenotype that drives tissue repair through the production of effectors such as growth factors. This orchestrated sequence of regenerative inflammatory events, which we termed regeneration-promoting program (RPP), is essential for proper repair. However, it is not well understood how specialized repair-macrophage identity develops in the RPP at the transcriptional level and how induced macrophage-derived factors coordinate tissue repair. Gene expression kinetics-based clustering of blood circulating Ly6Chigh, infiltrating inflammatory Ly6Chigh, and reparative Ly6Clow macrophages, isolated from injured muscle, identified the TGF-β superfamily member, GDF-15, as a component of the RPP. Myeloid GDF-15 is required for proper muscle regeneration following acute sterile injury, as revealed by gain- and loss-of-function studies. Mechanistically, GDF-15 acts both on proliferating myoblasts and on muscle-infiltrating myeloid cells. Epigenomic analyses of upstream regulators of Gdf15 expression identified that it is under the control of nuclear receptors RXR/PPARγ. Finally, immune single-cell RNA-seq profiling revealed that Gdf15 is coexpressed with other known muscle regeneration-associated growth factors, and their expression is limited to a unique subpopulation of repair-type macrophages (growth factor-expressing macrophages [GFEMs]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Patsalos
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Laszlo Halasz
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Miguel A. Medina-Serpas
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Wilhelm K. Berger
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Bence Daniel
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Petros Tzerpos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Máté Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltan Simandi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL
| | - Tamas Varga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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87
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Zeng J, Bao T, Yang K, Zhu X, Wang S, Xiang W, Ge A, Zeng L, Ge J. The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1047550. [PMID: 36818470 PMCID: PMC9933144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1047550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most fatal diseases. Neuroimmunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress play important roles in various complex mechanisms of IS. In particular, the early proinflammatory response resulting from the overactivation of resident microglia and the infiltration of circulating monocytes and macrophages in the brain after cerebral ischemia leads to secondary brain injury. Microglia are innate immune cells in the brain that constantly monitor the brain microenvironment under normal conditions. Once ischemia occurs, microglia are activated to produce dual effects of neurotoxicity and neuroprotection, and the balance of the two effects determines the fate of damaged neurons. The activation of microglia is defined as the classical activation (M1 type) or alternative activation (M2 type). M1 type microglia secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic mediators to exacerbate neuronal damage, while M2 type microglia promote a repairing anti-inflammatory response. Fine regulation of M1/M2 microglial activation to minimize damage and maximize protection has important therapeutic value. This review focuses on the interaction between M1/M2 microglia and other immune cells involved in the regulation of IS phenotypic characteristics, and the mechanism of natural plant components regulating microglia after IS, providing novel candidate drugs for regulating microglial balance and IS drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Zeng
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | | | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wang Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Anqi Ge
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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88
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Stakenborg M, Abdurahiman S, De Simone V, Goverse G, Stakenborg N, van Baarle L, Wu Q, Pirottin D, Kim JS, Chappell-Maor L, Pintelon I, Thys S, Pollenus E, Boon L, Van den Steen P, Hao M, Van Ginderachter JA, Boeckxstaens GE, Timmermans JP, Jung S, Marichal T, Ibiza S, Matteoli G. Enteric glial cells favor accumulation of anti-inflammatory macrophages during the resolution of muscularis inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1296-1308. [PMID: 36071145 PMCID: PMC9705256 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages (Mφs) are crucial regulators during muscularis inflammation. However, it is unclear which micro-environmental factors are responsible for monocyte recruitment and anti-inflammatory Mφ differentiation in this paradigm. Here, we investigate Mφ heterogeneity at different stages of muscularis inflammation and determine how environmental cues can attract and activate tissue-protective Mφs. Results showed that muscularis inflammation induced marked alterations in mononuclear phagocyte populations associated with a rapid infiltration of Ly6c+ monocytes that locally acquired unique transcriptional states. Trajectory inference analysis revealed two main pro-resolving Mφ subpopulations during the resolution of muscularis inflammation, i.e. Cd206+ MhcIIhi and Timp2+ MhcIIlo Mφs. Interestingly, we found that damage to the micro-environment upon muscularis inflammation resulted in EGC activation, which in turn stimulated monocyte infiltration and the consequent differentiation in anti-inflammatory CD206+ Mφs via CCL2 and CSF1, respectively. In addition, CSF1-CSF1R signaling was shown to be essential for the differentiation of monocytes into CD206+ Mφs and EGC proliferation during muscularis inflammation. Our study provides a comprehensive insight into pro-resolving Mφ differentiation and their regulators during muscularis inflammation. We deepened our understanding in the interaction between EGCs and Mφs, thereby highlighting pro-resolving Mφ differentiation as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Stakenborg
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Saeed Abdurahiman
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veronica De Simone
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gera Goverse
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Stakenborg
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies van Baarle
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Qin Wu
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Pirottin
- grid.4861.b0000 0001 0805 7253Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Liege University, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jung-Seok Kim
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Louise Chappell-Maor
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Laboratory of Cell Biology & Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie Thys
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Laboratory of Cell Biology & Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emilie Pollenus
- grid.415751.3Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louis Boon
- grid.450202.10000 0004 0646 560XPolpharma Biologics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Van den Steen
- grid.415751.3Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlene Hao
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo A. Van Ginderachter
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.510970.aMyeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy E. Boeckxstaens
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Laboratory of Cell Biology & Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steffen Jung
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Thomas Marichal
- grid.4861.b0000 0001 0805 7253Laboratory of Immunophysiology, GIGA Institute, Liege University, Liege, Belgium ,grid.4861.b0000 0001 0805 7253Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege University, Liege, Belgium
| | - Sales Ibiza
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Laboratory of Cell Biology & Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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89
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Yang ZS, Pan HY, Shi WW, Chen ST, Wang Y, Li MY, Zhang HY, Yang C, Liu AX, Yang ZM. Regulation and Function of Laminin A5 during Mouse and Human Decidualization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:199. [PMID: 35008625 PMCID: PMC8745792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Decidualization is essential to the establishment of pregnancy in rodents and primates. Laminin A5 (encoding by Laminin α5) is a member of the laminin family, which is mainly expressed in the basement membranes. Although laminins regulate cellular phenotype maintenance, adhesion, migration, growth, and differentiation, the expression, function, and regulation of laminin A5 during early pregnancy are still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the expression and role of laminin A5 during mouse and human decidualization. Laminin A5 is highly expressed in mouse decidua and artificially induced deciduoma. Laminin A5 is significantly increased under in vitro decidualization. Laminin A5 knockdown significantly inhibits the expression of Prl8a2, a marker for mouse decidualization. Progesterone stimulates the expression of laminin A5 in ovariectomized mouse uterus and cultured mouse stromal cells. We also show that progesterone regulates laminin A5 through the PKA-CREB-C/EBPβ pathway. Laminin A5 is also highly expressed in human pregnant decidua and cultured human endometrial stromal cells during in vitro decidualization. Laminin A5 knockdown by siRNA inhibits human in vitro decidualization. Collectively, our study reveals that laminin A5 may play a pivotal role during mouse and human decidualization via the PKA-CREB-C/EBPβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Shan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.-S.Y.); (H.-Y.P.); (W.-W.S.); (S.-T.C.); (Y.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (H.-Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Hai-Yang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.-S.Y.); (H.-Y.P.); (W.-W.S.); (S.-T.C.); (Y.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (H.-Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Wen-Wen Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.-S.Y.); (H.-Y.P.); (W.-W.S.); (S.-T.C.); (Y.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (H.-Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Si-Ting Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.-S.Y.); (H.-Y.P.); (W.-W.S.); (S.-T.C.); (Y.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (H.-Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.-S.Y.); (H.-Y.P.); (W.-W.S.); (S.-T.C.); (Y.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (H.-Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Meng-Yuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.-S.Y.); (H.-Y.P.); (W.-W.S.); (S.-T.C.); (Y.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (H.-Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Hai-Yi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.-S.Y.); (H.-Y.P.); (W.-W.S.); (S.-T.C.); (Y.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (H.-Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.-S.Y.); (H.-Y.P.); (W.-W.S.); (S.-T.C.); (Y.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (H.-Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Ai-Xia Liu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zeng-Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.-S.Y.); (H.-Y.P.); (W.-W.S.); (S.-T.C.); (Y.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (H.-Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
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90
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AlSudais H, Wiper-Bergeron N. From quiescence to repair: C/EBPβ as a regulator of muscle stem cell function in health and disease. FEBS J 2021; 289:6518-6530. [PMID: 34854237 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CCAAT/Enhancer Binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is a transcriptional regulator involved in numerous physiological processes. Herein, we describe a role for C/EBPβ as a regulator of skeletal muscle stem cell function. In particular, C/EBPβ is expressed in muscle stem cells in healthy muscle where it inhibits myogenic differentiation. Downregulation of C/EBPβ expression at the protein and transcriptional level allows for differentiation. Persistence of C/EBPβ promotes stem cell self-renewal and C/EBPβ expression is required for mitotic quiescence in this cell population. As a critical regulator of skeletal muscle homeostasis, C/EBPβ expression is stimulated in pathological conditions such as cancer cachexia, which perturbs muscle regeneration and promotes myofiber atrophy in the context of systemic inflammation. C/EBPβ is also an important regulator of cytokine expression and immune response genes, a mechanism by which it can influence muscle stem cell function. In this viewpoint, we describe a role for C/EBPβ in muscle stem cells and propose a functional intersection between C/EBPβ and NF-kB action in the regulation of cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamood AlSudais
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine Wiper-Bergeron
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
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91
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Singh P, Chazaud B. Benefits and pathologies associated with the inflammatory response. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112905. [PMID: 34736921 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle regenerates completely after a damage, thanks to the satellite cells, or muscle stem cells (MuSCs), that implement the adult myogenic program. This program is sustained by both robust intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic cues coming from the close neighborhood of MuSCs during muscle regeneration. Among the various cell types present in the regenerating muscle, immune cells, and particularly macrophages, exert numerous functions and provide sequential transient niches to support the myogenic program. The adequate orchestration of the delivery of these cues ensures efficient muscle regeneration and full functional recovery. The situation is very different in muscular dystrophies where asynchronous and permanent microinjuries occur, triggering contradictory regenerating cues at the same time in a specific area, that lead to chronic inflammation and fibrogenesis. Here we review the beneficial effects that leukocytes, and particularly macrophages, exert on their neighboring cells during skeletal muscle regeneration after an acute injury. Then, the more complicated (and less beneficial) roles of leukocytes during muscular dystrophies are presented. Finally, we discuss how the inflammatory compartment may be a target to improve muscle regeneration in both acute muscle injury and muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawandeep Singh
- Institut NeuroMyoGene, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGene, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.
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92
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Widodo SS, Dinevska M, Furst LM, Stylli SS, Mantamadiotis T. IL-10 in glioma. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1466-1476. [PMID: 34349251 PMCID: PMC8609023 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumour, is very poor, despite current standard treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment hinders the development of effective immunotherapies for GBM. Cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) play a major role in modulating the activity of infiltrating immune cells and tumour cells in GBM, predominantly conferring an immunosuppressive action; however, in some circumstances, IL-10 can have an immunostimulatory effect. Elucidating the function of IL-10 in GBM is necessary to better strategise and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review discusses the immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive roles of IL-10 in the GBM tumour microenvironment while considering IL-10-targeted treatment strategies. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the expression of IL-10 in various cell types are also outlined, and how this resulting information might provide an avenue for the improvement of immunotherapy in GBM is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Widodo
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Marija Dinevska
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Liam M. Furst
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Stanley S. Stylli
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.418025.a0000 0004 0606 5526Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC Australia
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93
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Juban G, Chazaud B. Efferocytosis during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123267. [PMID: 34943775 PMCID: PMC8699096 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis, i.e., engulfment of dead cells by macrophages, is a crucial step during tissue repair after an injury. Efferocytosis delineates the transition from the pro-inflammatory phase of the inflammatory response to the recovery phase that ensures tissue reconstruction. We present here the role of efferocytosis during skeletal muscle regeneration, which is a paradigm of sterile tissue injury followed by a complete regeneration. We present the molecular mechanisms that have been described to control this process, and particularly the metabolic control of efferocytosis during skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Yang Q, Zhang H, Wei T, Lin A, Sun Y, Luo P, Zhang J. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Heterogeneity of Tumor-Associated Macrophage in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Differences Between Sexes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:756722. [PMID: 34804043 PMCID: PMC8602907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, which has sex-related differences in prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy. However, the difference in the mechanisms remains unclear. Macrophages, characterized by high plasticity and heterogeneity, act as one of the key cells that exert anti-tumor effects in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a complicated role in the process of tumor progression. To elucidate the subtype composition and functional heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in NSCLC and further compare the sex-mediated differences, we conducted a single-cell level analysis in early-stage smoking NSCLC patients, combined with ssGSEA analysis, pseudotime ordering, and SCENIC analysis. We found two universally presented immune-suppressive TAMs with different functional and metabolic characteristics in the TME of NSCLC. Specifically, CCL18+ macrophages exerted immune-suppressive effects by inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors and manifested high levels of fatty acid oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Conversely, the main metabolism pathway for SPP1+ macrophage was glycolysis which contributed to tumor metastasis by promoting angiogenesis and matrix remodeling. In terms of the differentially expressed genes, the complement gene C1QC and the matrix remodeling relevant genes FN1 and SPP1 were differentially expressed in the TAMs between sexes, of which the male upregulated SPP1 showed the potential as an ideal target for adjuvant immunotherapy and improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. According to the early-stage TCGA-NSCLC cohort, high expression of the above three genes in immune cells were associated with poor prognosis and acted as independent prognostic factors. Moreover, through verification at the transcription factor, transcriptome, and protein levels, we found that TAMs from women showed stronger immunogenicity with higher interferon-producing and antigen-presenting ability, while men-derived TAMs upregulated the PPARs and matrix remodeling related pathways, thus were more inclined to be immunosuppressive. Deconstruction of the TAMs at the single-cell level deepens our understanding of the mechanism for tumor occurrence and progress, which could be helpful to achieve the precise sex-specific tumor treatment sooner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongman Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueqin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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95
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Wang Q, Xie Y, He Q, Geng Y, Xu J. LncRNA-Cox2 regulates macrophage polarization and inflammatory response through the CREB-C/EBPβ signaling pathway in septic mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108347. [PMID: 34799287 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
LncRNA-Cox2 has been reported to regulate macrophage polarization, and the activation of macrophages is a major participant in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Therefore, we explored whether lncRNA-Cox2 was involved in the progression of sepsis. In this study, we established a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model and found that silencing lncRNA-Cox2 in CLP mice improved the 7-day survival rate, and alleviated the increase of blood bacterial burdens, systemic inflammatory response, and pulmonary dysfunction induced by CLP. Besides, interference with lncRNA-Cox2 declined the percentage of M1 macrophages and increased the percentage of M2 macrophages in the spleens of CLP mice. In vitro, the knockdown of lncRNA-Cox2 suppressed LPS-induced inflammation and M1 macrophage marker expression, and promoted M2 macrophage marker expression in primary peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, lncRNA-Cox2 induced CREB phosphorylation by binding to CREB, and increased phosphorylated-CREB enrichment in the C/EBPβ promoter region, so as to promote C/EBPβ transcription, thereby activating the CREB-C/EBPβ cascade. In addition, overexpressing lncRNA-Cox2 enhanced the effect of LPS on inflammation and macrophage polarization, which was reversed by treatment with 666-15 (an inhibitor of CREB). In conclusion, silencing lncRNA-Cox2 restrained the progression of sepsis in mice by modulating macrophage polarization and inflammatory response through suppressing CREB-C/EBPβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Medical Laboratory Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiru Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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96
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Szondi DC, Wong JK, Vardy LA, Cruickshank SM. Arginase Signalling as a Key Player in Chronic Wound Pathophysiology and Healing. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:773866. [PMID: 34778380 PMCID: PMC8589187 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.773866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginase (ARG) represents an important evolutionarily conserved enzyme that is expressed by multiple cell types in the skin. Arg acts as the mediator of the last step of the urea cycle, thus providing protection against excessive ammonia under homeostatic conditions through the production of L-ornithine and urea. L-ornithine represents the intersection point between the ARG-dependent pathways and the urea cycle, therefore contributing to cell detoxification, proliferation and collagen production. The ARG pathways help balance pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in the context of wound healing. However, local and systemic dysfunctionalities of the ARG pathways have been shown to contribute to the hindrance of the healing process and the occurrence of chronic wounds. This review discusses the functions of ARG in macrophages and fibroblasts while detailing the deleterious implications of a malfunctioning ARG enzyme in chronic skin conditions such as leg ulcers. The review also highlights how ARG links with the microbiota and how this impacts on infected chronic wounds. Lastly, the review depicts chronic wound treatments targeting the ARG pathway, alongside future diagnosis and treatment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis C Szondi
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jason K Wong
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Leah A Vardy
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheena M Cruickshank
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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97
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Roux-Biejat P, Coazzoli M, Marrazzo P, Zecchini S, Di Renzo I, Prata C, Napoli A, Moscheni C, Giovarelli M, Barbalace MC, Catalani E, Bassi MT, De Palma C, Cervia D, Malaguti M, Hrelia S, Clementi E, Perrotta C. Acid Sphingomyelinase Controls Early Phases of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Shaping the Macrophage Phenotype. Cells 2021; 10:3028. [PMID: 34831250 PMCID: PMC8616363 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process involving crosstalk between immune cells and myogenic precursor cells, i.e., satellite cells. In this scenario, macrophage recruitment in damaged muscles is a mandatory step for tissue repair since pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages promote the activation of satellite cells, stimulating their proliferation and then, after switching into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, they prompt satellite cells' differentiation into myotubes and resolve inflammation. Here, we show that acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism, is activated after skeletal muscle injury induced in vivo by the injection of cardiotoxin. ASMase ablation shortens the early phases of skeletal muscle regeneration without affecting satellite cell behavior. Of interest, ASMase regulates the balance between M1 and M2 macrophages in the injured muscles so that the absence of the enzyme reduces inflammation. The analysis of macrophage populations indicates that these events depend on the altered polarization of M1 macrophages towards an M2 phenotype. Our results unravel a novel role of ASMase in regulating immune response during muscle regeneration/repair and suggest ASMase as a supplemental therapeutic target in conditions of redundant inflammation that impairs muscle recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Roux-Biejat
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Marco Coazzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.B.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Ilaria Di Renzo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Napoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.B.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS “Eugenio Medea”, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy;
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy;
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.B.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.B.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
- Scientific Institute IRCCS “Eugenio Medea”, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy;
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
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98
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Kaur H, Erickson A, Moreau R. Divergent regulation of inflammatory cytokines by mTORC1 in THP-1-derived macrophages and intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Life Sci 2021; 284:119920. [PMID: 34478760 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The sustained activation of intestinal mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) brought about by repeated mucosal insult or injury has been linked to escalation of gut inflammatory response, which may progress to damage the epithelium if not controlled. This study investigated the role of mTORC1 in the response of macrophage and enterocyte to inflammatory stimuli. MATERIALS AND METHODS We genetically manipulated human THP-1 monocytes and epithelial intestinal Caco-2 cells to generate stable cell lines with baseline, low or high mTORC1 kinase activity. The effects of THP-1 macrophage secretions onto Caco-2 cells were investigated by means of conditioned media transfer experiments. KEY FINDINGS The priming of mTORC1 for activation promoted lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated THP-1 macrophage immune response as evidenced by the stimulation of inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and IL-10). The treatment of THP-1 macrophages with LPS more than the manipulated level of mTORC1 activity of macrophages determined whether cytokine gene expression was induced in Caco-2 cells. LPS carry over was not responsible for the stimulation of Caco-2 cells' cytokine response. Knocking down Raptor in Caco-2 cells or treating Caco-2 cells with rapamycin enhanced Caco-2 TNFα gene expression revealing the anti-inflammatory role of a functional mTORC1 in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory stimuli. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, mTORC1 differentially impacts the immune responses of THP-1-derived macrophages and Caco-2 epithelial cells when placed in a pro-inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Anjeza Erickson
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Régis Moreau
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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99
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Hashimoto A, Sarker D, Reebye V, Jarvis S, Sodergren MH, Kossenkov A, Sanseviero E, Raulf N, Vasara J, Andrikakou P, Meyer T, Huang KW, Plummer R, Chee CE, Spalding D, Pai M, Khan S, Pinato DJ, Sharma R, Basu B, Palmer D, Ma YT, Evans J, Habib R, Martirosyan A, Elasri N, Reynaud A, Rossi JJ, Cobbold M, Habib NA, Gabrilovich DI. Upregulation of C/EBPα Inhibits Suppressive Activity of Myeloid Cells and Potentiates Antitumor Response in Mice and Patients with Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5961-5978. [PMID: 34407972 PMCID: PMC8756351 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the mechanisms of how therapeutic upregulation of the transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), prevents tumor progression in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in different mouse tumor models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We conducted a phase I trial in 36 patients with HCC (NCT02716012) who received sorafenib as part of their standard care, and were given therapeutic C/EBPα small activating RNA (saRNA; MTL-CEBPA) as either neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment. In the preclinical setting, the effects of MTL-CEBPA were assessed in several mouse models, including BNL-1ME liver cancer, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), and colon adenocarcinoma (MC38). RESULTS MTL-CEBPA treatment caused radiologic regression of tumors in 26.7% of HCC patients with an underlying viral etiology with 3 complete responders. MTL-CEBPA treatment in those patients caused a marked decrease in peripheral blood monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (M-MDSC) numbers and an overall reduction in the numbers of protumoral M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Gene and protein analysis of patient leukocytes following treatment showed CEBPA activation affected regulation of factors involved in immune-suppressive activity. To corroborate this observation, treatment of all the mouse tumor models with MTL-CEBPA led to a reversal in the suppressive activity of M-MDSCs and TAMs, but not polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSC). The antitumor effects of MTL-CEBPA in these tumor models showed dependency on T cells. This was accentuated when MTL-CEBPA was combined with checkpoint inhibitors or with PMN-MDSC-targeted immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS This report demonstrates that therapeutic upregulation of the transcription factor C/EBPα causes inactivation of immune-suppressive myeloid cells with potent antitumor responses across different tumor models and in cancer patients. MTL-CEBPA is currently being investigated in combination with pembrolizumab in a phase I/Ib multicenter clinical study (NCT04105335).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Hashimoto
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Vikash Reebye
- Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MiNA Therapeutics Ltd, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tim Meyer
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Ruth Plummer
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Cheng E Chee
- National University Cancer Institute Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool and Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yuk-Ting Ma
- University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jeff Evans
- University of Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - John J Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | | | - Nagy A Habib
- Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MiNA Therapeutics Ltd, London, UK
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100
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Macrophages in heterotopic ossification: from mechanisms to therapy. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:70. [PMID: 34702860 PMCID: PMC8548514 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of extraskeletal bone in non-osseous tissues. It is caused by an injury that stimulates abnormal tissue healing and regeneration, and inflammation is involved in this process. It is worth noting that macrophages are crucial mediators of inflammation. In this regard, abundant macrophages are recruited to the HO site and contribute to HO progression. Macrophages can acquire different functional phenotypes and promote mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation, chondrogenic differentiation, and angiogenesis by expressing cytokines and other factors such as the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), activin A (Act A), oncostatin M (OSM), substance P (SP), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In addition, macrophages significantly contribute to the hypoxic microenvironment, which primarily drives HO progression. Thus, these have led to an interest in the role of macrophages in HO by exploring whether HO is a "butterfly effect" event. Heterogeneous macrophages are regarded as the "butterflies" that drive a sequence of events and ultimately promote HO. In this review, we discuss how the recruitment of macrophages contributes to HO progression. In particular, we review the molecular mechanisms through which macrophages participate in MSC osteogenic differentiation, angiogenesis, and the hypoxic microenvironment. Understanding the diverse role of macrophages may unveil potential targets for the prevention and treatment of HO.
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