51
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Yan FH, Zhang LP, Cheng F, Yu DM, Hu JY. Accession-specific flowering time variation in response to nitrate fluctuation in Arabidopsis thalian a. PLANT DIVERSITY 2021; 43:78-85. [PMID: 33778228 PMCID: PMC7987567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time, a key transition point from vegetative to reproductive growth, is regulated by an intrinsic complex of endogenous and exogenous signals including nutrient status. For hundreds of years, nitrogen has been well known to modulate flowering time, but the molecular genetic basis on how plants adapt to ever-changing nitrogen availability remains not fully explored. Here we explore how Arabidopsis natural variation in flowering time responds to nitrate fluctuation. Upon nitrate availability change, we detect accession- and photoperiod-specific flowering responses, which also feature a accession-specific dependency on growth traits. The flowering time variation correlates well with the expression of floral integrators, SOC1 and FT, in an accession-specific manner. We find that gene expression variation of key hub genes in the photoperiod-circadian-clock (GI), aging (SPLs) and autonomous (FLC) pathways associates with the expression change of these integrators, hence flowering time variation. Our results thus shed light on the molecular genetic mechanisms on regulation of accession- and photoperiod-specific flowering time variation in response to nitrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Hong Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Dong-Mei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jin-Yong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Corresponding author.
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52
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Shah K, An N, Kamanova S, Chen L, Jia P, Zhang C, Mobeen Tahir M, Han M, Ding Y, Ren X, Xing L. Regulation of Flowering Time by Improving Leaf Health Markers and Expansion by Salicylic Acid Treatment: A New Approach to Induce Flowering in Malus domestica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:655974. [PMID: 34349772 PMCID: PMC8328039 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.655974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the external coincidence model, internal and external molecular signals, provided by the circadian clock and sunlight, respectively, are required to induce flowering. Salicylic acid (SA) applications during floral induction have multiple effects. In the current study, Malus × domestica plants were exposed to SA during the flower-induction stage to analyze the effect on various health markers and flowering. A total of 56 equal-sized Fuji/M9 trees that were about 7 years old were randomly divided into two groups. The first group (SA-treated) was sprayed with 4 mM SA solution, while the second group was sprayed with distilled water which served as control (CK). The SA applications increased various leaf pigments. Abiotic stress markers were increased in CK during the flower-induction stage. In the SA-treated group, non-enzymatic antioxidants increased, whereas in the control group, enzymatic antioxidants increased during the flower-induction stage. Histo-morphometric properties of leaves were significantly improved in the SA-treated group. The relative expression of the mRNA levels of MdMED80, -81, -3, and -41 were significantly increased in SA-treated leaves, leading to an early and increased flowering phenotype. Thus, SA increased leaf expansion and health-related marker levels, which lead to early induction of flowering in M. domestica. Overall, our work established a role for leaf health assessments in the regulation of flowering in M. domestica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Shah
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na An
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Svetlana Kamanova
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Jia
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Mingyu Han,
| | - Yuduan Ding
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Yuduan Ding,
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Xiaolin Ren,
| | - Libo Xing
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Libo Xing,
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53
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Serrano-Bueno G, Sánchez de Medina Hernández V, Valverde F. Photoperiodic Signaling and Senescence, an Ancient Solution to a Modern Problem? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:634393. [PMID: 33777070 PMCID: PMC7988197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.634393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The length of the day (photoperiod) is a robust seasonal signal originated by earth orbital and translational movements, a resilient external cue to the global climate change, and a predictable hint to initiate or complete different developmental programs. In eukaryotic algae, the gene expression network that controls the cellular response to photoperiod also regulates other basic physiological functions such as starch synthesis or redox homeostasis. Land plants, evolving in a novel and demanding environment, imbued these external signals within the regulatory networks controlling organogenesis and developmental programs. Unlike algae that largely have to deal with cellular physical cues, within the course of evolution land plants had to transfer this external information from the receiving organs to the target tissues, and mobile signals such as hormones were recruited and incorporated in the regulomes. Control of senescence by photoperiod, as suggested in this perspective, would be an accurate way to feed seasonal information into a newly developed function (senescence) using an ancient route (photoperiodic signaling). This way, the plant would assure that two coordinated aspects of development such as flowering and organ senescence were sequentially controlled. As in the case of senescence, there is growing evidence to support the idea that harnessing the reliability of photoperiod regulation over other, more labile signaling pathways could be used as a robust breeding tool to enhance plants against the harmful effects of climate change.
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54
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Blanco-Touri��n N, Serrano-Mislata A, Alabad� D. Regulation of DELLA Proteins by Post-translational Modifications. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1891-1901. [PMID: 32886774 PMCID: PMC7758031 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
DELLA proteins are the negative regulators of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. GAs have a pervasive effect on plant physiology, influencing processes that span the entire life cycle of the plant. All the information encoded by GAs, either environmental or developmental in origin, is canalized through DELLAs, which modulate the activity of many transcription factors and transcriptional regulators. GAs unlock the signaling pathway by triggering DELLA polyubiquitination and degradation by the 26S proteasome. Recent reports indicate, however, that there are other pathways that trigger DELLA polyubiquitination and degradation independently of GAs. Moreover, results gathered during recent years indicate that other post-translational modifications (PTMs), namely phosphorylation, SUMOylation and glycosylation, modulate DELLA function. The convergence of several PTMs in DELLA therefore highlights the strict regulation to which these proteins are subject. In this review, we summarize these discoveries and discuss DELLA PTMs from an evolutionary perspective and examine the possibilities these and other post-translational regulations offer to improve DELLA-dependent agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Blanco-Touri��n
- Instituto de Biolog�a Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universitat Polit�cnica de Val�ncia), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Antonio Serrano-Mislata
- Instituto de Biolog�a Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universitat Polit�cnica de Val�ncia), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - David Alabad�
- Instituto de Biolog�a Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universitat Polit�cnica de Val�ncia), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
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55
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Molecular variation in a functionally divergent homolog of FCA regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5830. [PMID: 33203912 PMCID: PMC7673134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and functional characterization of natural variants in plants are essential for understanding phenotypic adaptation. Here we identify a molecular variation in At2g47310 that contributes to the natural variation in flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. This gene, which we term SISTER of FCA (SSF), functions in an antagonistic manner to its close homolog FCA. Genome-wide association analysis screens two major haplotypes of SSF associated with the natural variation in FLC expression, and a single polymorphism, SSF-N414D, is identified as a main contributor. The SSF414N protein variant interacts more strongly with CUL1, a component of the E3 ubiquitination complex, than the SSF414D form, mediating differences in SSF protein degradation and FLC expression. FCA and SSF appear to have arisen through gene duplication after dicot-monocot divergence, with the SSF-N414D polymorphism emerging relatively recently within A. thaliana. This work provides a good example for deciphering the functional importance of natural polymorphisms in different organisms. Natural variation represents valuable source for gene discovery. Here, the authors show that a homolog of Flowering Control Locus A (FCA) functions in an antagonistic manner to FCA in regulating Arabidopsis flowering time through interacting with CUL1-E3 and modulating FLC expression.
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56
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Abdul‐Awal SM, Chen J, Xin Z, Harmon FG. A sorghum gigantea mutant attenuates florigen gene expression and delays flowering time. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00281. [PMID: 33210074 PMCID: PMC7665845 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
GIGANTEA (GI) is a conserved plant-specific gene that modulates a range of environmental responses in multiple plant species, including playing a key role in photoperiodic regulation of flowering time. The C4 grass Sorghum bicolor is an important grain and subsistence crop, animal forage, and cellulosic biofuel feedstock that is tolerant of abiotic stresses and marginal soils. To understand sorghum flowering time regulatory networks, we characterized the sbgi-ems1 nonsense mutant allele of the sorghum GIGANTEA (SbGI) gene from a sequenced M4 EMS-mutagenized BTx623 population. sbgi-ems1 plants flowered later than wild type siblings under both long-day or short-day photoperiods. Delayed flowering in sbgi-ems1 plants accompanied an increase in node number, indicating an extended vegetative growth phase prior to flowering. sbgi-ems1 plants had reduced expression of floral activator genes SbCO and SbEHD1 and downstream FT-like florigen genes SbFT, SbCN8, and SbCN12. Therefore, SbGI plays a role in regulating SbCO and SbEHD1 expression that serves to accelerate flowering. SbGI protein physically interacts with the sorghum FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX1-like (SbFFL) protein, a conserved flowering-associated blue light photoreceptor, and the SbGI-SbFFL interaction is stimulated by blue light. This work demonstrates that SbGI is an activator of sorghum flowering time upstream of florigen genes under short- and long-day photoperiods, likely in association with the activity of the blue light photoreceptor SbFFL. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study elucidates molecular details of flowering time networks for the adaptable C4 cereal crop Sorghum bicolor, including demonstration of a role for blue light sensing in sorghum GIGANTEA activity. This work validates the utility of a large publicly available sequenced EMS-mutagenized sorghum population to determine gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Abdul‐Awal
- Plant Gene Expression CenterUSDA‐ARSAlbanyCAUSA
- Department of Plant & Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
- Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering DisciplineKhulna UniversityKhulnaBangladesh
| | - Junping Chen
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development UnitUSDA‐ARSLubbockTXUSA
| | - Zhanguo Xin
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development UnitUSDA‐ARSLubbockTXUSA
| | - Frank G. Harmon
- Plant Gene Expression CenterUSDA‐ARSAlbanyCAUSA
- Department of Plant & Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
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57
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Yan J, Li X, Zeng B, Zhong M, Yang J, Yang P, Li X, He C, Lin J, Liu X, Zhao X. FKF1 F-box protein promotes flowering in part by negatively regulating DELLA protein stability under long-day photoperiod in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1717-1740. [PMID: 32427421 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
FLAVIN-BINDING KELCH REPEAT F-BOX 1 (FKF1) encodes an F-box protein that regulates photoperiod flowering in Arabidopsis under long-day conditions (LDs). Gibberellin (GA) is also important for regulating flowering under LDs. However, how FKF1 and the GA pathway work in concert in regulating flowering is not fully understood. Here, we showed that the mutation of FKF1 could cause accumulation of DELLA proteins, which are crucial repressors in GA signaling pathway, thereby reducing plant sensitivity to GA in flowering. Both in vitro and in vivo biochemical analyses demonstrated that FKF1 directly interacted with DELLA proteins. Furthermore, we showed that FKF1 promoted ubiquitination and degradation of DELLA proteins. Analysis of genetic data revealed that FKF1 acted partially through DELLAs to regulate flowering under LDs. In addition, DELLAs exerted a negative feedback on FKF1 expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that FKF1 promotes flowering partially by negatively regulating DELLA protein stability under LDs, and suggesting a potential mechanism linking the FKF1 to the GA signaling DELLA proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Yan
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xinmei Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Bingjie Zeng
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Piao Yang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Chongsheng He
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jianzhong Lin
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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58
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Liu Y, Lin G, Yin C, Fang Y. B-box transcription factor 28 regulates flowering by interacting with constans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17789. [PMID: 33082412 PMCID: PMC7575571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
B-box transcription factors (BBXs) are important regulators of flowering, photomorphogenesis, shade-avoidance, abiotic and biotic stresses and plant hormonal pathways. In Arabidopsis, 32 BBX proteins have been identified and classified into five groups based on their structural domains. Little is known about the fifth group members (BBX26–BBX32) and the detailed molecular mechanisms relevant to their functions. Here we identified B-box transcription factor 28 (BBX28) that interacts with Constans (CO), a transcriptional activator of Flowering Locus T (FT). Overexpressing BBX28 leads to late flowering with dramatically decreased FT transcription, and bbx28 deficient mutant displays a weak early flowering phenotype under long days (LD), indicating that BBX28 plays a negative and redundant role in flowering under LD. Additionally, the interaction between BBX28 and CO decreases the recruitment of CO to FT locus without affecting the transcriptional activation activity of CO. Moreover, the N-terminal cysteines, especially those within the B-box domain, are indispensable for the heterodimerization between BBX28 and CO and activation of CO on FT transcription. Genetic evidences show that the later flowering caused by BBX28 overexpression is compromised by CO ectopic expression. Collectively, these results supported that BBX28 functions with CO and FT to negatively regulate Arabidopsis flowering, in which the N-terminal conserved cysteines of BBX28 might play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guang Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunmei Yin
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuda Fang
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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59
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Hung FY, Chen C, Yen MR, Hsieh JWA, Li C, Shih YH, Chen FF, Chen PY, Cui Y, Wu K. The expression of long non-coding RNAs is associated with H3Ac and H3K4me2 changes regulated by the HDA6-LDL1/2 histone modification complex in Arabidopsis. NAR Genom Bioinform 2020; 2:lqaa066. [PMID: 33575615 PMCID: PMC7671367 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, eukaryotic long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as important factors involved in a wide variety of biological processes, including histone modification, alternative splicing and transcription enhancement. The expression of lncRNAs is highly tissue-specific and is regulated by environmental stresses. Recently, a large number of plant lncRNAs have been identified, but very few of them have been studied in detail. Furthermore, the mechanism of lncRNA expression regulation remains largely unknown. Arabidopsis HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDA6) and LSD1-LIKE 1/2 (LDL1/2) can repress gene expression synergistically by regulating H3Ac/H3K4me. In this research, we performed RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses to further clarify the function of HDA6-LDL1/2. Our results indicated that the global expression of lncRNAs is increased in hda6/ldl1/2 and that this increased lncRNA expression is particularly associated with H3Ac/H3K4me2 changes. In addition, we found that HDA6-LDL1/2 is important for repressing lncRNAs that are non-expressed or show low-expression, which may be strongly associated with plant development. GO-enrichment analysis also revealed that the neighboring genes of the lncRNAs that are upregulated in hda6/ldl1/2 are associated with various developmental processes. Collectively, our results revealed that the expression of lncRNAs is associated with H3Ac/H3K4me2 changes regulated by the HDA6-LDL1/2 histone modification complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Yu Hung
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chen Chen
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Ming-Ren Yen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Chenlong Li
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Yuan-Hsin Shih
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Fang-Fang Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yang Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yuhai Cui
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Keqiang Wu
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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60
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Teixeira RT. Distinct Responses to Light in Plants. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070894. [PMID: 32679774 PMCID: PMC7411962 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of almost every living organism is, to some extent, regulated by light. When discussing light regulation on biological systems, one is referring to the sun that has long been positioned in the center of the solar system. Through light regulation, all life forms have evolved around the presence of the sun. As soon our planet started to develop an atmospheric shield against most of the detrimental solar UV rays, life invaded land, and in the presence of water, it thrived. Especially for plants, light (solar radiation) is the source of energy that controls a high number of developmental aspects of growth, a process called photomorphogenesis. Once hypocotyls reach soil′s surface, its elongation deaccelerates, and the photosynthetic apparatus is established for an autotrophic growth due to the presence of light. Plants can sense light intensities, light quality, light direction, and light duration through photoreceptors that accurately detect alterations in the spectral composition (UV-B to far-red) and are located throughout the plant. The most well-known mechanism promoted by light occurring on plants is photosynthesis, which converts light energy into carbohydrates. Plants also use light to signal the beginning/end of key developmental processes such as the transition to flowering and dormancy. These two processes are particularly important for plant´s yield, since transition to flowering reduces the duration of the vegetative stage, and for plants growing under temperate or boreal climates, dormancy leads to a complete growth arrest. Understanding how light affects these processes enables plant breeders to produce crops which are able to retard the transition to flowering and avoid dormancy, increasing the yield of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Teresa Teixeira
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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61
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Kinoshita A, Richter R. Genetic and molecular basis of floral induction in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2490-2504. [PMID: 32067033 PMCID: PMC7210760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many plants synchronize their life cycles in response to changing seasons and initiate flowering under favourable environmental conditions to ensure reproductive success. To confer a robust seasonal response, plants use diverse genetic programmes that integrate environmental and endogenous cues and converge on central floral regulatory hubs. Technological advances have allowed us to understand these complex processes more completely. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of genetic and molecular mechanisms that control flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kinoshita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence: or
| | - René Richter
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Correspondence: or
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62
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Proteomic Analysis of the Early Development of the Phalaenopsis amabilis Flower Bud under Low Temperature Induction Using the iTRAQ/MRM Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051244. [PMID: 32164169 PMCID: PMC7179402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phalaenopsis amabilis, one of the most important plants in the international flower market due to its graceful shape and colorful flowers, is an orchid that undergoes vernalization and requires low-temperature treatment for flowering. There have been few reports on the proteomics of the development of flower buds. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) were used to identify 5064 differentially expressed proteins in P. amabilis under low-temperature treatment; of these, 42 were associated with early floral induction, and 18 were verified by mass spectrometry multi-reaction monitoring (MRM). The data are available via ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD013908. Among the proteins associated with the vernalization pathway, PEQU_11434 (glycine-rich RNA-binding protein GRP1A-like) and PEQU_19304 (FT, VRN3 homolog) were verified by MRM, and some other important proteins related to vernalization and photoperiod pathway that were detected by iTRAQ but not successfully verified by MRM, such as PEQU_11045 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase), phytochromes A (PEQU_13449, PEQU_35378), B (PEQU_09249), and C (PEQU_41401). Our data revealed a regulation network of the early development of flower buds in P. amabilis under low temperature induction.
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Weng ST, Kuo YW, King YC, Lin HH, Tu PY, Tung KS, Jeng ST. Regulation of micoRNA2111 and its target IbFBK in sweet potato on wounding. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110391. [PMID: 32005396 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs, which are composed of 20-24 nucleotides. MiRNAs play important roles in plant growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Wounding is one of the most serious stresses for plants; however, the regulation of miRNAs in plants upon wounding is not well studied. In this study, miR2111, a wound-repressed miRNA, identified previously in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cv Tainung 57) by small RNA deep sequencing was chosen for further analysis. Based on sweet potato transcriptome database, F-box/kelch repeat protein (IbFBK), a target gene of miR2111, was identified. IbFBK is a wound-inducible gene, and the miR2111-induced cleavage site in IbFBK mRNA is between the 10th and 11th nucleotides of miR2111. IbFBK is a component of the E3 ligase SCF (SKP1-Cullin-F-box) complex participating in protein ubiquitination and degradation. The results of yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrate that IbFBK was conjugated with IbSKP1 through the F-box domain in IbFBK N-terminus to form SCF complex, and interacted with IbCNR8 through the kelch-repeat domain in IbFBK C-terminus. The interaction of IbFBK and IbCNR8 may lead to the ubiquitination and degradation of IbCNR8. In conclusion, the suppression of miR2111 resulted in the increase of IbFBK, and may regulate protein degradation of IbCNR8 in sweet potato responding to wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiau-Ting Weng
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming 365000, Fujian, China.
| | - Yu-Chi King
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Hung Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Pin-Yang Tu
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Kuei-Shu Tung
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Tong Jeng
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Abd-Hamid NA, Ahmad-Fauzi MI, Zainal Z, Ismail I. Diverse and dynamic roles of F-box proteins in plant biology. PLANTA 2020; 251:68. [PMID: 32072251 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The SCF complex is a widely studied multi-subunit ring E3 ubiquitin ligase that tags targeted proteins with ubiquitin for protein degradation by the ubiquitin 26S-proteasome system (UPS). The UPS is an important system that generally keeps cellular events tightly regulated by purging misfolded or damaged proteins and selectively degrading important regulatory proteins. The specificity of this post-translational regulation is controlled by F-box proteins (FBPs) via selective recognition of a protein-protein interaction motif at the C-terminal domain. Hence, FBPs are pivotal proteins in determining the plant response in multiple scenarios. It is not surprising that the FBP family is one of the largest protein families in the plant kingdom. In this review, the roles of FBPs, specifically in plants, are compiled to provide insights into their involvement in secondary metabolites, plant stresses, phytohormone signalling, plant developmental processes and miRNA biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur-Athirah Abd-Hamid
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad-Izzat Ahmad-Fauzi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zamri Zainal
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ismanizan Ismail
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Cheng Z, Zhang X, Huang P, Huang G, Zhu J, Chen F, Miao Y, Liu L, Fu YF, Wang X. Nup96 and HOS1 Are Mutually Stabilized and Gate CONSTANS Protein Level, Conferring Long-Day Photoperiodic Flowering Regulation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:374-391. [PMID: 31826964 PMCID: PMC7008479 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex profoundly affects the timing of flowering; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we report that Nucleoporin96 (Nup96) acts as a negative regulator of long-day photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Through multiple approaches, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE1 (HOS1) and demonstrated its interaction in vivo with Nup96. Nup96 and HOS1 mainly localize and interact on the nuclear membrane. Loss of function of Nup96 leads to destruction of HOS1 proteins without a change in their mRNA abundance, which results in overaccumulation of the key activator of long-day photoperiodic flowering, CONSTANS (CO) proteins, as previously reported in hos1 mutants. Unexpectedly, mutation of HOS1 strikingly diminishes Nup96 protein level, suggesting that Nup96 and HOS1 are mutually stabilized and thus form a novel repressive module that regulates CO protein turnover. Therefore, the nup96 and hos1 single and nup96 hos1 double mutants have highly similar early-flowering phenotypes and overlapping transcriptome changes. Together, this study reveals a repression mechanism in which the Nup96-HOS1 repressive module gates the level of CO proteins and thereby prevents precocious flowering in long-day conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Cheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Penghui Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guowen Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Biological Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Yongzhou 425100, Hunan, China
| | - Jinglong Zhu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fulu Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yong-Fu Fu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Kim KH, Kim JY, Lim WJ, Jeong S, Lee HY, Cho Y, Moon JK, Kim N. Genome-wide association and epistatic interactions of flowering time in soybean cultivar. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228114. [PMID: 31968016 PMCID: PMC6975553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled the discovery of candidate markers that play significant roles in various complex traits in plants. Recently, with increased interest in the search for candidate markers, studies on epistatic interactions between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have also increased, thus enabling the identification of more candidate markers along with GWAS on single-variant-additive-effect. Here, we focused on the identification of candidate markers associated with flowering time in soybean (Glycine max). A large population of 2,662 cultivated soybean accessions was genotyped using the 180k Axiom® SoyaSNP array, and the genomic architecture of these accessions was investigated to confirm the population structure. Then, GWAS was conducted to evaluate the association between SNP markers and flowering time. A total of 93 significant SNP markers were detected within 59 significant genes, including E1 and E3, which are the main determinants of flowering time. Based on the GWAS results, multilocus epistatic interactions were examined between the significant and non-significant SNP markers. Two significant and 16 non-significant SNP markers were discovered as candidate markers affecting flowering time via interactions with each other. These 18 candidate SNP markers mapped to 18 candidate genes including E1 and E3, and the 18 candidate genes were involved in six major flowering pathways. Although further biological validation is needed, our results provide additional information on the existing flowering time markers and present another option to marker-assisted breeding programs for regulating flowering time of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hyoun Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yoon Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Lim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmun Jeong
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbum Cho
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kyung Moon
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Namshin Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Hwang DY, Park S, Lee S, Lee SS, Imaizumi T, Song YH. GIGANTEA Regulates the Timing Stabilization of CONSTANS by Altering the Interaction between FKF1 and ZEITLUPE. Mol Cells 2019; 42:693-701. [PMID: 31617339 PMCID: PMC6821452 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants monitor changes in day length to coordinate their flowering time with appropriate seasons. In Arabidopsis , the diel and seasonal regulation of CONSTANS (CO) protein stability is crucial for the induction of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene in long days. FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1 (FKF1) and ZEITLUPE (ZTL) proteins control the shape of CO expression profile antagonistically, although regulation mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we show that GIGANTEA (GI) protein modulates the stability and nuclear function of FKF1, which is closely related to the stabilization of CO in the afternoon of long days. The abundance of FKF1 protein is decreased by the gi mutation, but increased by GI overexpression throughout the day. Unlike the previous report, the translocation of FKF1 to the nucleus was not prevented by ZTL overexpression. In addition, the FKF1-ZTL complex formation is higher in the nucleus than in the cytosol. GI interacts with ZTL in the nucleus, implicating the attenuation of ZTL activity by the GI binding and, in turn, the sequestration of FKF1 from ZTL in the nucleus. We also found that the CO-ZTL complex presents in the nucleus, and CO protein abundance is largely reduced in the afternoon by ZTL overexpression, indicating that ZTL promotes CO degradation by capturing FKF1 in the nucleus under these conditions. Collectively, our findings suggest that GI plays a pivotal role in CO stability for the precise control of flowering by coordinating balanced functional properties of FKF1 and ZTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212,
Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212,
Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195,
USA
| | - Young Hun Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
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68
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Yuan N, Balasubramanian VK, Chopra R, Mendu V. The Photoperiodic Flowering Time Regulator FKF1 Negatively Regulates Cellulose Biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:2240-2253. [PMID: 31221729 PMCID: PMC6670086 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose synthesis is precisely regulated by internal and external cues, and emerging evidence suggests that light regulates cellulose biosynthesis through specific light receptors. Recently, the blue light receptor CRYPTOCHROME 1 (CRY1) was shown to positively regulate secondary cell wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we characterize the role of FLAVIN-BINDING KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1 (FKF1), another blue light receptor and well-known photoperiodic flowering time regulator, in cellulose biosynthesis. A phenotype suppression screen using a cellulose deficient mutant cesa1aegeus,cesa3ixr1-2 (c1,c3), which carries nonlethal point mutations in CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A 1 (CESA1) and CESA3, resulted in identification of the phenotype-restoring large leaf (llf) mutant. Next-generation mapping using the whole genome resequencing method identified the llf locus as FKF1 FKF1 was confirmed as the causal gene through observation of the llf phenotype in an independent triple mutant c1,c3,fkf1-t carrying a FKF1 T-DNA insertion mutant. Moreover, overexpression of FKF1 in llf plants restored the c1,c3 phenotype. The fkf1 mutants showed significant increases in cellulose content and CESA gene expression compared with that in wild-type Columbia-0 plants, suggesting a negative role of FKF1 in cellulose biosynthesis. Using genetic, molecular, and phenocopy and biochemical evidence, we have firmly established the role of FKF1 in regulation of cellulose biosynthesis. In addition, CESA expression analysis showed that diurnal expression patterns of CESAs are FKF1 independent, whereas their circadian expression patterns are FKF1 dependent. Overall, our work establishes a role of FKF1 in the regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yuan
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI), Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Vimal Kumar Balasubramanian
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI), Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Ratan Chopra
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI), Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Venugopal Mendu
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI), Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
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Weng X, Lovell JT, Schwartz SL, Cheng C, Haque T, Zhang L, Razzaque S, Juenger TE. Complex interactions between day length and diurnal patterns of gene expression drive photoperiodic responses in a perennial C 4 grass. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2165-2182. [PMID: 30847928 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod is a key environmental cue affecting flowering and biomass traits in plants. Key components of the photoperiodic flowering pathway have been identified in many species, but surprisingly few studies have globally examined the diurnal rhythm of gene expression with changes in day length. Using a cost-effective 3'-Tag RNA sequencing strategy, we characterize 9,010 photoperiod responsive genes with strict statistical testing across a diurnal time series in the C4 perennial grass, Panicum hallii. We show that the vast majority of photoperiod responses are driven by complex interactions between day length and sampling periods. A fine-scale contrast analysis at each sampling time revealed a detailed picture of the temporal reprogramming of cis-regulatory elements and biological processes under short- and long-day conditions. Phase shift analysis reveals quantitative variation among genes with photoperiod-dependent diurnal patterns. In addition, we identify three photoperiod enriched transcription factor families with key genes involved in photoperiod flowering regulatory networks. Finally, coexpression networks analysis of GIGANTEA homolog predicted 1,668 potential coincidence partners, including five well-known GI-interacting proteins. Our results not only provide a resource for understanding the mechanisms of photoperiod regulation in perennial grasses but also lay a foundation to increase biomass yield in biofuel crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Weng
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - John T Lovell
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, 35806
| | - Scott L Schwartz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Changde Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Taslima Haque
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Samsad Razzaque
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
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70
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Kozeko LY. The Role of HSP90 Chaperones in Stability and Plasticity of Ontogenesis of Plants under Normal and Stressful Conditions (Arabidopsis thaliana). CYTOL GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452719020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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71
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Plant photoreceptors: Multi-functional sensory proteins and their signaling networks. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 92:114-121. [PMID: 30946988 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Light is a crucial environmental cue not only for photosynthetic energy production but also for plant growth and development. Plants employ sophisticated methods to detect and interpret information from incoming light. Five classes of photoreceptors have been discovered in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These photoreceptors act either distinctly and/or redundantly in fine-tuning many aspects of plant life cycle. Unlike mobile animals, sessile plants have developed an enormous plasticity to adapt and survive in changing environment. By monitoring different information arising from ambient light, plants precisely regulate downstream signaling pathways to adapt accordingly. Given that changes in the light environment is typically synchronized with other environmental cues such as temperature, abiotic stresses, and seasonal changes, it is not surprising that light signaling pathways are interconnected with multiple pathways to regulate plant physiology and development. Indeed, recent advances in plant photobiology revealed a large network of co-regulation among different photoreceptor signaling pathways as well as other internal signaling pathways (e.g., hormone signaling). In addition, some photoreceptors are directly involved in perception of non-light stimuli (e.g., temperature). Therefore, understanding highly inter-connected signaling networks is essential to explore the photoreceptor functions in plants. Here, we summarize how plants co-ordinate multiple photoreceptors and their internal signaling pathways to regulate a myriad of downstream responses at molecular and physiological levels.
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Luccioni L, Krzymuski M, Sánchez-Lamas M, Karayekov E, Cerdán PD, Casal JJ. CONSTANS delays Arabidopsis flowering under short days. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:923-932. [PMID: 30468542 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Long days (LD) promote flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana compared with short days (SD) by activating the photoperiodic pathway. Here we show that growth under very-SD (3 h) or darkness (on sucrose) also accelerates flowering on a biological scale, indicating that SD actively repress flowering compared with very-SD. CONSTANS (CO) repressed flowering under SD, and the early flowering of co under SD required FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). FT was expressed at a basal level in the leaves under SD, but these levels were not enhanced in co. This indicates that the action of CO in A. thaliana is not the mirror image of the action of its homologue in rice. In the apex, CO enhanced the expression of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) around the time when FT expression is important to promote flowering. Under SD, the tfl1 mutation was epistatic to co and in turn ft was epistatic to tfl1. These observations are consistent with the long-standing but not demonstrated model where CO can inhibit FT induction of flowering by affecting TFL1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Luccioni
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. San Martín 4453, 1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Krzymuski
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. San Martín 4453, 1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Elizabeth Karayekov
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. San Martín 4453, 1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Cerdán
- IIBBA-CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge J Casal
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. San Martín 4453, 1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IIBBA-CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chang G, Yang W, Zhang Q, Huang J, Yang Y, Hu X. ABI5-BINDING PROTEIN2 Coordinates CONSTANS to Delay Flowering by Recruiting the Transcriptional Corepressor TPR2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:477-490. [PMID: 30514725 PMCID: PMC6426417 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ABI5-BINDING PROTEIN2 (AFP2) negatively regulates the abscisic acid signal by accelerating ABI5 degradation during seed germination in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The abscisic acid signal is reported to delay flowering by up-regulating Flowering Locus C expression, but the role of AFP2 in regulating flowering time is unknown. Here, we found that flowering time was markedly delayed and CONSTANS (CO) expression was reduced in a transgenic Arabidopsis line overexpressing AFP2 under LD conditions. Conversely, the loss-of-function afp2 mutant showed slightly earlier flowering, with higher CO expression. These data suggest that AFP2 negatively regulates photoperiod-dependent flowering time by modulating the CO signal. We then found that AFP2 exhibited circadian expression rhythms that peaked during the night. Furthermore, the C-terminus of AFP2 interacted with CO, while its N-terminal ethylene response factor-associated amphiphilic repression motif interacted with the transcriptional corepressor TOPLESS-related protein2 (TPR2). Thus, AFP2 bridges CO and TPR2 to form the CO-AFP2-TPR2 complex. Biochemical and genetic analyses showed that AFP2 mediated CO degradation during the night. AFP2 also recruited histone deacetylase activity at Flowering Locus T chromatin through its interaction with TPR2. Taken together, our results reveal an elaborate mechanism by which AFP2 modulates flowering time through coordinating the activity and stability of CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxiao Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qili Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858
| | - Yongping Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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74
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Krahmer J, Goralogia GS, Kubota A, Zardilis A, Johnson RS, Song YH, MacCoss MJ, Le Bihan T, Halliday KJ, Imaizumi T, Millar AJ. Time-resolved interaction proteomics of the GIGANTEA protein under diurnal cycles in Arabidopsis. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:319-338. [PMID: 30536871 PMCID: PMC6373471 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The plant-specific protein GIGANTEA (GI) controls many developmental and physiological processes, mediating rhythmic post-translational regulation. GI physically binds several proteins implicated in the circadian clock, photoperiodic flowering, and abiotic stress responses. To understand GI's multifaceted function, we aimed to comprehensively and quantitatively identify potential interactors of GI in a time-specific manner, using proteomics on Arabidopsis plants expressing epitope-tagged GI. We detected previously identified (in)direct interactors of GI, as well as proteins implicated in protein folding, or degradation, and a previously uncharacterized transcription factor, CYCLING DOF FACTOR6 (CDF6). We verified CDF6's direct interaction with GI, and ZEITLUPE/FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1/LIGHT KELCH PROTEIN 2 proteins, and demonstrated its involvement in photoperiodic flowering. Extending interaction proteomics to time series provides a data resource of candidate protein targets for GI's post-translational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Krahmer
- SynthSys and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | | | - Akane Kubota
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Graduate School of Biological SciencesNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkoma, NaraJapan
| | - Argyris Zardilis
- SynthSys and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | | | - Young Hun Song
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of Life SciencesAjou UniversitySuwonKorea
| | | | - Thierry Le Bihan
- SynthSys and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Andrew J. Millar
- SynthSys and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
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75
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Steinbach Y. The Arabidopsis thaliana CONSTANS- LIKE 4 ( COL4) - A Modulator of Flowering Time. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:651. [PMID: 31191575 PMCID: PMC6546890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate control of flowering time is crucial for crop yield and the reproductive success of plants. Flowering can be induced by a number of molecular pathways that respond to internal and external signals. In Arabidopsis, expression of the key florigenic signal FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is positively regulated by CONSTANS (CO) a BBX protein sharing high sequence similarity with 16 CO-like proteins. Within this study, we investigated the role of the Arabidopsis CONSTANS-LIKE 4 (COL4), whose role in flowering control was unknown. We demonstrate that, unlike CO, COL4 is a flowering repressor in long days (LD) and short days (SD) and acts on the expression of FT and FT-like genes as well as on SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1). Reduction of COL4 expression level leads to an increase of FT and APETALA 1 (AP1) expression and to accelerated flowering, while the increase of COL4 expression causes a flowering delay. Further, the observed co-localization of COL4 protein and CO in nuclear speckles supports the idea that the two act as an antagonistic pair of transcription factors. This interaction may serve the fine-tuning of flowering time control and other light dependent plant developmental processes.
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76
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Park YJ, Lee JH, Kim JY, Park CM. Alternative RNA Splicing Expands the Developmental Plasticity of Flowering Transition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:606. [PMID: 31134122 PMCID: PMC6517538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of the developmental phase transitions, which ranges from seed germination to flowering induction and senescence, is essential for propagation and reproductive success in plants. Flowering induction represents the vegetative-to-reproductive phase transition. An extensive array of genes controlling the flowering transition has been identified, and signaling pathways that incorporate endogenous and environmental cues into the developmental phase transition have been explored in various plant species. Notably, recent accumulating evidence indicate that multiple transcripts are often produced from many of the flowering time genes via alternative RNA splicing, which is known to diversify the transcriptomes and proteasomes in eukaryotes. It is particularly interesting that some alternatively spliced protein isoforms, including COβ and FT2β, function differentially from or even act as competitive inhibitors of the corresponding functional proteins by forming non-functional heterodimers. The alternative splicing events of the flowering time genes are modulated by developmental and environmental signals. It is thus necessary to elucidate molecular schemes controlling alternative splicing and functional characterization of splice protein variants for understanding how genetic diversity and developmental plasticity of the flowering transition are achieved in optimizing the time of flowering under changing climates. In this review, we present current knowledge on the alternative splicing-driven control of flowering time. In addition, we discuss physiological and biochemical importance of the alternative splicing events that occur during the flowering transition as a molecular means of enhancing plant adaptation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Chung-Mo Park,
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77
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Leijten W, Koes R, Roobeek I, Frugis G. Translating Flowering Time From Arabidopsis thaliana to Brassicaceae and Asteraceae Crop Species. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7040111. [PMID: 30558374 PMCID: PMC6313873 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Flowering and seed set are essential for plant species to survive, hence plants need to adapt to highly variable environments to flower in the most favorable conditions. Endogenous cues such as plant age and hormones coordinate with the environmental cues like temperature and day length to determine optimal time for the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. In a breeding context, controlling flowering time would help to speed up the production of new hybrids and produce high yield throughout the year. The flowering time genetic network is extensively studied in the plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana, however this knowledge is still limited in most crops. This article reviews evidence of conservation and divergence of flowering time regulation in A. thaliana with its related crop species in the Brassicaceae and with more distant vegetable crops within the Asteraceae family. Despite the overall conservation of most flowering time pathways in these families, many genes controlling this trait remain elusive, and the function of most Arabidopsis homologs in these crops are yet to be determined. However, the knowledge gathered so far in both model and crop species can be already exploited in vegetable crop breeding for flowering time control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke Leijten
- ENZA Zaden Research & Development B.V., Haling 1E, 1602 DB Enkhuizen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald Koes
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ilja Roobeek
- ENZA Zaden Research & Development B.V., Haling 1E, 1602 DB Enkhuizen, The Netherlands.
| | - Giovanna Frugis
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Operative Unit of Rome, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria Km. 29,300 ⁻ 00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy.
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78
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Dally N, Eckel M, Batschauer A, Höft N, Jung C. Two CONSTANS-LIKE genes jointly control flowering time in beet. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16120. [PMID: 30382124 PMCID: PMC6208394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breeding vegetative crops (e.g. beets, cabbage, forage grasses) is challenged by two conflicting aims. For field production, flowering must be avoided while flowering and seed set is necessary for breeding and seed production. The biennial species sugar beet makes shoot elongation (‘bolting’) followed by flowering after a long period of cold temperatures. Field production in northern geographical regions starts in spring. A thickened storage root is formed only during vegetative growth. It is expected that winter beets, which are sown before winter would have a much higher yield potential. However, field production was not possible so far due to bolting after winter. We propose a strategy to breed winter beets exploiting haplotype variation at two major bolting time loci, B and B2. Both genes encode transcription factors controlling the expression of two orthologs of the Arabidopsis gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). We detected an epistatic interaction between both genes because F2 plants homozygous for two B/B2 mutant alleles did not bolt even after vernalization. Fluorescence complementation studies revealed that both proteins form a heterodimer in vivo. In non-bolting plants, the bolting activator BvFT2 was completely downregulated whereas the repressor BvFT1 was upregulated which suggests that both genes acquire a CONSTANS (CO) like function in beet. Like CO, B and B2 proteins house CCT and BBX domains which, in contrast to CO are split between the two beet genes. We propose an alternative regulation of FT orthologs in beet that can be exploited to breed winter beets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Dally
- UKSH Campus Kiel, Hematology Laboratory Kiel, Langer Segen 8-10, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maike Eckel
- Department of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alfred Batschauer
- Department of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Höft
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118, Kiel, Germany.
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79
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Madhavan J, Jayaswal P, Singh KB, Rao U. Identification of putative flowering genes and transcription factors from flower de novo transcriptome dataset of tuberose ( Polianthes tuberosa L.). Data Brief 2018; 20:2027-2035. [PMID: 30302357 PMCID: PMC6174916 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polianthes tuberosa is commercially popular because of their economic importance in floriculture for cut and loose flowers and in perfume industry because of the unique fragrance. Despite its commercial importance, no ready-to-use transcript sequence information is available in the public database. We have sequenced the RNA obtained from tuberose flowers using the Illumina HiSeq. 2000 platform and have carried out a de novo analysis of the transcriptome data. The de novo assembly generated 11,100 transcripts. These transcripts represent a total of 7876 unigenes that were considered for downstream analysis. These 7876 unigenes, which was further annotated using blast2go and KEGG pathways, were also assigned. Tuberose transcripts were also assigned to metabolic pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database to determine their biochemical functions. 4591 of the tuberose transcripts matched to genes in KEGG pathways and 66 transcripts were mapped to the Flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. 21 flowering genes have been identified in this tuberose transcriptome. Transcription factor analysis helped in the identification of a large number of transcripts similar to key genes in the flowering regulation network of Arabidopsis thaliana. Among the transcription factors identified “NAC” which is associated with plant stress response represented the most abundant category followed by APETALA2 (AP2)/ethylene-responsive element binding proteins (EREBPs) which plays various role in floral organ identity and respond to different biotic and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi Madhavan
- Division of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Pawan Jayaswal
- National Research Centre for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kanchan B.M. Singh
- Division of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Rao
- Division of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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80
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Jones MA. Using light to improve commercial value. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:47. [PMID: 30181887 PMCID: PMC6119199 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plasticity of plant morphology has evolved to maximize reproductive fitness in response to prevailing environmental conditions. Leaf architecture elaborates to maximize light harvesting, while the transition to flowering can either be accelerated or delayed to improve an individual's fitness. One of the most important environmental signals is light, with plants using light for both photosynthesis and as an environmental signal. Plants perceive different wavelengths of light using distinct photoreceptors. Recent advances in LED technology now enable light quality to be manipulated at a commercial scale, and as such opportunities now exist to take advantage of plants' developmental plasticity to enhance crop yield and quality through precise manipulation of a crops' lighting regime. This review will discuss how plants perceive and respond to light, and consider how these specific signaling pathways can be manipulated to improve crop yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Alan Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
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81
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Severing E, Faino L, Jamge S, Busscher M, Kuijer-Zhang Y, Bellinazzo F, Busscher-Lange J, Fernández V, Angenent GC, Immink RGH, Pajoro A. Arabidopsis thaliana ambient temperature responsive lncRNAs. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:145. [PMID: 30005624 PMCID: PMC6045843 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as new class of regulatory molecules in animals where they regulate gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Recent studies also identified lncRNAs in plant genomes, revealing a new level of transcriptional complexity in plants. Thousands of lncRNAs have been predicted in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, but only a few have been studied in depth. RESULTS Here we report the identification of Arabidopsis lncRNAs that are expressed during the vegetative stage of development in either the shoot apical meristem or in leaves. We found that hundreds of lncRNAs are expressed in these tissues, of which 50 show differential expression upon an increase in ambient temperature. One of these lncRNAs, FLINC, is down-regulated at higher ambient temperature and affects ambient temperature-mediated flowering in Arabidopsis. CONCLUSION A number of ambient temperature responsive lncRNAs were identified with potential roles in the regulation of temperature-dependent developmental changes, such as the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive (flowering) phase. The challenge for the future is to characterize the biological function and molecular mode of action of the large number of ambient temperature-regulated lncRNAs that have been identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Severing
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Luigi Faino
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suraj Jamge
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Busscher
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Kuijer-Zhang
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Bellinazzo
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gerco C. Angenent
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G. H. Immink
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Pajoro
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Köln, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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82
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Lee CM, Feke A, Li MW, Adamchek C, Webb K, Pruneda-Paz J, Bennett EJ, Kay SA, Gendron JM. Decoys Untangle Complicated Redundancy and Reveal Targets of Circadian Clock F-Box Proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1170-1186. [PMID: 29794020 PMCID: PMC6052990 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic circadian clocks utilize the ubiquitin proteasome system to precisely degrade clock proteins. In plants, the F-box-type E3 ubiquitin ligases ZEITLUPE (ZTL), FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX1 (FKF1), and LOV KELCH PROTEIN2 (LKP2) regulate clock period and couple the clock to photoperiodic flowering in response to end-of-day light conditions. To better understand their functions, we expressed decoy ZTL, FKF1, and LKP2 proteins that associate with target proteins but are unable to ubiquitylate their targets in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). These dominant-negative forms of the proteins inhibit the ubiquitylation of target proteins and allow for the study of ubiquitylation-independent and -dependent functions of ZTL, FKF1, and LKP2. We demonstrate the effects of expressing ZTL, FKF1, and LKP2 decoys on the circadian clock and flowering time. Furthermore, the decoy E3 ligases trap substrate interactions, and using immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, we identify interacting partners. We focus studies on the clock transcription factor CCA1 HIKING EXPEDITION (CHE) and show that ZTL interacts directly with CHE and can mediate CHE ubiquitylation. We also demonstrate that CHE protein is degraded in the dark and that degradation is reduced in a ztl mutant plant, showing that CHE is a bona fide ZTL target protein. This work increases our understanding of the genetic and biochemical roles for ZTL, FKF1, and LKP2 and also demonstrates an effective methodology for studying complicated genetic redundancy among E3 ubiquitin ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Mei Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Ann Feke
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Man-Wah Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Christopher Adamchek
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Kristofor Webb
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - José Pruneda-Paz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Eric J Bennett
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Steve A Kay
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Joshua M Gendron
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
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83
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Ding J, Böhlenius H, Rühl MG, Chen P, Sane S, Zambrano JA, Zheng B, Eriksson ME, Nilsson O. GIGANTEA-like genes control seasonal growth cessation in Populus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018. [PMID: 29532940 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Survival of trees growing in temperate zones requires cycling between active growth and dormancy. This involves growth cessation in the autumn triggered by a photoperiod shorter than the critical day length. Variations in GIGANTEA (GI)-like genes have been associated with phenology in a range of different tree species, but characterization of the functions of these genes in the process is still lacking. We describe the identification of the Populus orthologs of GI and their critical role in short-day-induced growth cessation. Using ectopic expression and silencing, gene expression analysis, protein interaction and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we show that PttGIs are likely to act in a complex with PttFKF1s (FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1) and PttCDFs (CYCLING DOF FACTOR) to control the expression of PttFT2, the key gene regulating short-day-induced growth cessation in Populus. In contrast to Arabidopsis, in which the GI-CONSTANS (CO)-FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) regulon is a crucial day-length sensor for flowering time, our study suggests that, in Populus, PttCO-independent regulation of PttFT2 by PttGI is more important in the photoperiodic control of growth cessation and bud set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Ding
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Böhlenius
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Mark Georg Rühl
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peng Chen
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Shashank Sane
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jose A Zambrano
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Maria E Eriksson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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84
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Agliassa C, Narayana R, Bertea CM, Rodgers CT, Maffei ME. Reduction of the geomagnetic field delays Arabidopsis thaliana flowering time through downregulation of flowering-related genes. Bioelectromagnetics 2018; 39:361-374. [PMID: 29709075 PMCID: PMC6032911 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Variations in magnetic field (MF) intensity are known to induce plant morphological and gene expression changes. In Arabidopsis thaliana Col‐0, near‐null magnetic field (NNMF, i.e., <100 nT MF) causes a delay in the transition to flowering, but the expression of genes involved in this response has been poorly studied. Here, we showed a time‐course quantitative analysis of the expression of both leaf (including clock genes, photoperiod pathway, GA20ox, SVP, and vernalization pathway) and floral meristem (including GA2ox, SOC1, AGL24, LFY, AP1, FD, and FLC) genes involved in the transition to flowering in A. thaliana under NNMF. NNMF induced a delayed flowering time and a significant reduction of leaf area index and flowering stem length, with respect to controls under geomagnetic field. Generation experiments (F1‐ and F2‐NNMF) showed retention of flowering delay. The quantitative expression (qPCR) of some A. thaliana genes expressed in leaves and floral meristem was studied during transition to flowering. In leaves and flowering meristem, NNMF caused an early downregulation of clock, photoperiod, gibberellin, and vernalization pathways and a later downregulation of TSF, AP1, and FLC. In the floral meristem, the downregulation of AP1, AGL24, FT, and FLC in early phases of floral development was accompanied by a downregulation of the gibberellin pathway. The progressive upregulation of AGL24 and AP1 was also correlated to the delayed flowering by NNMF. The flowering delay is associated with the strong downregulation of FT, FLC, and GA20ox in the floral meristem and FT, TSF, FLC, and GA20ox in leaves. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:361–374, 2018. © 2018 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Agliassa
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia M Bertea
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Christopher T Rodgers
- The Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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85
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Sosa Alderete LG, Guido ME, Agostini E, Mas P. Identification and characterization of key circadian clock genes of tobacco hairy roots: putative regulatory role in xenobiotic metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1597-1608. [PMID: 29098590 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is an endogenous system that allows organisms to daily adapt and optimize their physiology and metabolism. We studied the key circadian clock gene (CCG) orthologs in Nicotiana tabacum seedlings and in hairy root cultures (HRC). Putative genes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds (MXC) were selected and their expression profiles were also analyzed. Seedlings and HRC displayed similar diurnal variations in the expression profiles for the CCG examined under control conditions (CC). MXC-related genes also showed daily fluctuations with specific peaks of expression. However, when HRC were under phenol treatment (PT), the expression patterns of the clock and MXC-related genes were significantly affected. In 2-week-old HRC, PT downregulated the expression of NtLHY, NtTOC1, and NtPRR9 while NtFKF1 and NtGI genes were upregulated by phenol. In 3-week-old HRC, PT also downregulated the expression of all CCG analyzed and NtTOC1 was the most affected. Following PT, the expression of the MXC-related genes was upregulated or displayed an anti-phasic expression profile compared to the expression under CC. Our studies thus provide a glimpse of the circadian expression of clock genes in tobacco and the use of HRC as a convenient system to study plant responses to xenobiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas G Sosa Alderete
- Department of Molecular Biology, UNRC, Río Cuarto, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | | | - Elizabeth Agostini
- Department of Molecular Biology, UNRC, Río Cuarto, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paloma Mas
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Barcelona, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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86
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Goralogia GS, Liu T, Zhao L, Panipinto PM, Groover ED, Bains YS, Imaizumi T. CYCLING DOF FACTOR 1 represses transcription through the TOPLESS co-repressor to control photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:244-262. [PMID: 28752516 PMCID: PMC5634919 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
CYCLING DOF FACTOR 1 (CDF1) and its homologs play an important role in the floral transition by repressing the expression of floral activator genes such as CONSTANS (CO) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in Arabidopsis. The day-length-specific removal of CDF1-dependent repression is a critical mechanism in photoperiodic flowering. However, the mechanism by which CDF1 represses CO and FT transcription remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that Arabidopsis CDF proteins contain non-EAR motif-like conserved domains required for interaction with the TOPLESS (TPL) co-repressor protein. This TPL interaction confers a repressive function on CDF1, as mutations of the N-terminal TPL binding domain largely impair the ability of CDF1 protein to repress its targets. TPL proteins are present on specific regions of the CO and FT promoters where CDF1 binds during the morning. In addition, TPL binding increases when CDF1 expression is elevated, suggesting that TPL is recruited to these promoters in a time-dependent fashion by CDFs. Moreover, reduction of TPL activity induced by expressing a dominant negative version of TPL (tpl-1) in phloem companion cells results in early flowering and a decreased sensitivity to photoperiod in a manner similar to a cdf loss-of-function mutant. Our results indicate that the mechanism of CDF1 repression is through the formation of a CDF-TPL transcriptional complex, which reduces the expression levels of CO and FT during the morning for seasonal flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg S. Goralogia
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Tongkun Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Paul M. Panipinto
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Evan D. Groover
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Yashkarn S. Bains
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
- For correspondence:
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87
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He R, Li X, Zhong M, Yan J, Ji R, Li X, Wang Q, Wu D, Sun M, Tang D, Lin J, Li H, Liu B, Liu H, Liu X, Zhao X, Lin C. A photo-responsive F-box protein FOF2 regulates floral initiation by promoting FLC expression in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:788-801. [PMID: 28608936 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Floral initiation is regulated by various genetic pathways in response to light, temperature, hormones and developmental status; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between different genetic pathways are not fully understood. Here, we show that the photoresponsive gene FOF2 (F-box of flowering 2) negatively regulates flowering. FOF2 encodes a putative F-box protein that interacts specifically with ASK14, and its overexpression results in later flowering under both long-day and short-day photoperiods. Conversely, transgenic plants expressing the F-box domain deletion mutant of FOF2 (FOF2ΔF), or double loss of function mutant of FOF2 and FOL1 (FOF2-LIKE 1) present early flowering phenotypes. The late flowering phenotype of the FOF2 overexpression lines is suppressed by the flc-3 loss-of-function mutation. Furthermore, FOF2 mRNA expression is regulated by autonomous pathway gene FCA, and the repressive effect of FOF2 in flowering can be overcome by vernalization. Interestingly, FOF2 expression is regulated by light. The protein level of FOF2 accumulates in response to light, whereas it is degraded under dark conditions via the 26S proteasome pathway. Our findings suggest a possible mechanistic link between light conditions and the autonomous floral promotion pathway in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reqing He
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xinmei Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jindong Yan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ronghuan Ji
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dan Wu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Mengsi Sun
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Dongying Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jianzhong Lin
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Mawphlang OIL, Kharshiing EV. Photoreceptor Mediated Plant Growth Responses: Implications for Photoreceptor Engineering toward Improved Performance in Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1181. [PMID: 28744290 PMCID: PMC5504655 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures during growing seasons coupled with altered precipitation rates presents a challenging task of improving crop productivity for overcoming such altered weather patterns and cater to a growing population. Light is a critical environmental factor that exerts a powerful influence on plant growth and development ranging from seed germination to flowering and fruiting. Higher plants utilize a suite of complex photoreceptor proteins to perceive surrounding red/far-red (phytochromes), blue/UV-A (cryptochromes, phototropins, ZTL/FKF1/LKP2), and UV-B light (UVR8). While genomic studies have also shown that light induces extensive reprogramming of gene expression patterns in plants, molecular genetic studies have shown that manipulation of one or more photoreceptors can result in modification of agronomically beneficial traits. Such information can assist researchers to engineer photoreceptors via genome editing technologies to alter expression or even sensitivity thresholds of native photoreceptors for targeting aspects of plant growth that can confer superior agronomic value to the engineered crops. Here we summarize the agronomically important plant growth processes influenced by photoreceptors in crop species, alongwith the functional interactions between different photoreceptors and phytohormones in regulating these responses. We also discuss the potential utility of synthetic biology approaches in photobiology for improving agronomically beneficial traits of crop plants by engineering designer photoreceptors.
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89
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Kubota A, Ito S, Shim JS, Johnson RS, Song YH, Breton G, Goralogia GS, Kwon MS, Laboy Cintrón D, Koyama T, Ohme-Takagi M, Pruneda-Paz JL, Kay SA, MacCoss MJ, Imaizumi T. TCP4-dependent induction of CONSTANS transcription requires GIGANTEA in photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2017. [PMID: 28628608 PMCID: PMC5495492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoperiod is one of the most reliable environmental cues for plants to regulate flowering timing. In Arabidopsis thaliana, CONSTANS (CO) transcription factor plays a central role in regulating photoperiodic flowering. In contrast to posttranslational regulation of CO protein, still little was known about CO transcriptional regulation. Here we show that the CINCINNATA (CIN) clade of class II TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/ CYCLOIDEA/ PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN FACTOR (TCP) proteins act as CO activators. Our yeast one-hybrid analysis revealed that class II CIN-TCPs, including TCP4, bind to the CO promoter. TCP4 induces CO expression around dusk by directly associating with the CO promoter in vivo. In addition, TCP4 binds to another flowering regulator, GIGANTEA (GI), in the nucleus, and induces CO expression in a GI-dependent manner. The physical association of TCP4 with the CO promoter was reduced in the gi mutant, suggesting that GI may enhance the DNA-binding ability of TCP4. Our tandem affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry (TAP-MS) analysis identified all class II CIN-TCPs as the components of the in vivo TCP4 complex, and the gi mutant did not alter the composition of the TCP4 complex. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel function of CIN-TCPs as photoperiodic flowering regulators, which may contribute to coordinating plant development with flowering regulation. For plant adaptation to seasonal environments, a crucial developmental event is flowering, as proper timing of flowering affects reproductive success. Although plants monitor various environmental parameters to optimize this timing, photoperiod information is important for plants to regulate seasonal flowering time, because changes in photoperiod occur in a predictable manner throughout the year. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana responds to photoperiodic changes and flowers under long-day conditions. Based on genetic analyses using mutants defective in the photoperiodic flowering response, we learned that the transcription factor referred to as CONSTANS (CO) plays a central role in regulating the timing of flowering by directly controlling the expression of florigen (flowering-inducing substrate) gene. Long-day afternoon expression of CO is critical for this regulation; however, we had limited knowledge of CO transcriptional regulation. Here we identified that a group of plant-specific transcription factors belonging to the TCP gene family function as novel CO transcriptional activators. We demonstrated that TCP transcription factors regulate CO transcription together with known regulators of CO. Our results imply that plants utilize multiple transcription factors to precisely coordinate the expression of the key regulator gene, CO, which will directly affect flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Kubota
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shogo Ito
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yong Hun Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ghislain Breton
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Greg S. Goralogia
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Kwon
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dianne Laboy Cintrón
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tomotsugu Koyama
- Bioorganic Research Center, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jose L. Pruneda-Paz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Steve A. Kay
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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90
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Serrano-Bueno G, Romero-Campero FJ, Lucas-Reina E, Romero JM, Valverde F. Evolution of photoperiod sensing in plants and algae. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 37:10-17. [PMID: 28391047 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Measuring day length confers a strong fitness improvement to photosynthetic organisms as it allows them to anticipate light phases and take the best decisions preceding diurnal transitions. In close association with signals from the circadian clock and the photoreceptors, photoperiodic sensing constitutes also a precise way to determine the passing of the seasons and to take annual decisions such as the best time to flower or the beginning of dormancy. Photoperiodic sensing in photosynthetic organisms is ancient and two major stages in its evolution could be identified, the cyanobacterial time sensing and the evolutionary tool kit that arose in green algae and developed into the photoperiodic system of modern plants. The most recent discoveries about the evolution of the perception of light, measurement of day length and relationship with the circadian clock along the evolution of the eukaryotic green lineage will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Serrano-Bueno
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco J Romero-Campero
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Lucas-Reina
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose M Romero
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Federico Valverde
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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91
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Pudasaini A, Shim JS, Song YH, Shi H, Kiba T, Somers DE, Imaizumi T, Zoltowski BD. Kinetics of the LOV domain of ZEITLUPE determine its circadian function in Arabidopsis. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28244872 PMCID: PMC5370183 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A LOV (Light, Oxygen, or Voltage) domain containing blue-light photoreceptor ZEITLUPE (ZTL) directs circadian timing by degrading clock proteins in plants. Functions hinge upon allosteric differences coupled to the ZTL photocycle; however, structural and kinetic information was unavailable. Herein, we tune the ZTL photocycle over two orders of magnitude. These variants reveal that ZTL complexes with targets independent of light, but dictates enhanced protein degradation in the dark. In vivo experiments definitively show photocycle kinetics dictate the rate of clock component degradation, thereby impacting circadian period. Structural studies demonstrate that photocycle dependent activation of ZTL depends on an unusual dark-state conformation of ZTL. Crystal structures of ZTL LOV domain confirm delineation of structural and kinetic mechanisms and identify an evolutionarily selected allosteric hinge differentiating modes of PAS/LOV signal transduction. The combined biochemical, genetic and structural studies provide new mechanisms indicating how PAS/LOV proteins integrate environmental variables in complex networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pudasaini
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, United States.,Center for Drug Discovery, Design and Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, United States
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Young Hun Song
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Life Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hua Shi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - David E Somers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Brian D Zoltowski
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, United States.,Center for Drug Discovery, Design and Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, United States
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92
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Gil KE, Park MJ, Lee HJ, Park YJ, Han SH, Kwon YJ, Seo PJ, Jung JH, Park CM. Alternative splicing provides a proactive mechanism for the diurnal CONSTANS dynamics in Arabidopsis photoperiodic flowering. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:128-140. [PMID: 27607358 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock control of CONSTANS (CO) transcription and the light-mediated stabilization of its encoded protein coordinately adjust photoperiodic flowering by triggering rhythmic expression of the floral integrator flowering locus T (FT). Diurnal accumulation of CO is modulated sequentially by distinct E3 ubiquitin ligases, allowing peak CO to occur in the late afternoon under long days. Here we show that CO abundance is not simply targeted by E3 enzymes but is also actively self-adjusted through dynamic interactions between two CO isoforms. Alternative splicing of CO produces two protein variants, the full-size COα and the truncated COβ lacking DNA-binding affinity. Notably, COβ, which is resistant to E3 enzymes, induces the interaction of COα with CO-destabilizing E3 enzymes but inhibits the association of COα with CO-stabilizing E3 ligase. These observations demonstrate that CO plays an active role in sustaining its diurnal accumulation dynamics during Arabidopsis photoperiodic flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Eun Gil
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Shin-Hee Han
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Young-Ju Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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93
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Shim JS, Kubota A, Imaizumi T. Circadian Clock and Photoperiodic Flowering in Arabidopsis: CONSTANS Is a Hub for Signal Integration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:5-15. [PMID: 27688622 PMCID: PMC5210731 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock and light signaling regulate CONSTANS function through intricate mechanisms that reside in phloem companion cells of leaves for controlling photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Shim
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1800 (J.S.S., A.K., T.I.)
| | - Akane Kubota
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1800 (J.S.S., A.K., T.I.)
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1800 (J.S.S., A.K., T.I.)
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94
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Brambilla V, Gomez-Ariza J, Cerise M, Fornara F. The Importance of Being on Time: Regulatory Networks Controlling Photoperiodic Flowering in Cereals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:665. [PMID: 28491078 PMCID: PMC5405123 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is the result of the coordination between genetic information and environmental cues. Gene regulatory networks have evolved in plants in order to measure diurnal and seasonal variation of day length (or photoperiod), thus aligning the reproductive phase with the most favorable season of the year. The capacity of plants to discriminate distinct photoperiods classifies them into long and short day species, depending on the conditions that induce flowering. Plants of tropical origin and adapted to short day lengths include rice, maize, and sorghum, whereas wheat and barley were originally domesticated in the Fertile Crescent and are considered long day species. In these and other crops, day length measurement mechanisms have been artificially modified during domestication and breeding to adapt plants to novel areas, to the extent that a wide diversity of responses exists within any given species. Notwithstanding the ample natural and artificial variation of day length responses, some of the basic molecular elements governing photoperiodic flowering are widely conserved. However, as our understanding of the underlying mechanisms improves, it becomes evident that specific regulators exist in many lineages that are not shared by others, while apparently conserved components can be recruited to novel functions during evolution.
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95
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Lee CM, Adamchek C, Feke A, Nusinow DA, Gendron JM. Mapping Protein-Protein Interactions Using Affinity Purification and Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1610:231-249. [PMID: 28439867 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7003-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mapping of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and their dynamics are crucial steps to deciphering the function of a protein and its role in cellular pathways, making it critical to have comprehensive knowledge of a protein's interactome. Advances in affinity purification and mass spectrometry technology (AP-MS) have provided a powerful and unbiased method to capture higher-order protein complexes and decipher dynamic PPIs. However, the unbiased calling of nonspecific interactions and the ability to detect transient interactions remains challenging when using AP-MS, thereby hampering the detection of biologically meaningful complexes. Additionally, there are plant-specific challenges with AP-MS, such as a lack of protein-specific antibodies, which must be overcome to successfully identify PPIs. Here we discuss and describe a protocol designed to bypass the traditional challenges of AP-MS and provide a roadmap to identify bona fide PPIs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Mei Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Christopher Adamchek
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ann Feke
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | - Joshua M Gendron
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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96
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Riboni M, Robustelli Test A, Galbiati M, Tonelli C, Conti L. ABA-dependent control of GIGANTEA signalling enables drought escape via up-regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6309-6322. [PMID: 27733440 PMCID: PMC5181575 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
One strategy deployed by plants to endure water scarcity is to accelerate the transition to flowering adaptively via the drought escape (DE) response. In Arabidopsis thaliana, activation of the DE response requires the photoperiodic response gene GIGANTEA (GI) and the florigen genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF). The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is also required for the DE response, by promoting the transcriptional up-regulation of the florigen genes. The mode of interaction between ABA and the photoperiodic genes remains obscure. In this work we use a genetic approach to demonstrate that ABA modulates GI signalling and consequently its ability to activate the florigen genes. We also reveal that the ABA-dependent activation of FT, but not TSF, requires CONSTANS (CO) and that impairing ABA signalling dramatically reduces the expression of florigen genes with little effect on the CO transcript profile. ABA signalling thus has an impact on the core genes of photoperiodic signalling GI and CO by modulating their downstream function and/or activities rather than their transcript accumulation. In addition, we show that as well as promoting flowering, ABA simultaneously represses flowering, independent of the florigen genes. Genetic analysis indicates that the target of the repressive function of ABA is the flowering-promoting gene SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1), a transcription factor integrating floral cues in the shoot meristem. Our study suggests that variations in ABA signalling provide different developmental information that allows plants to co-ordinate the onset of the reproductive phase according to the available water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riboni
- Department of BioSciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Robustelli Test
- Department of BioSciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galbiati
- Department of BioSciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tonelli
- Department of BioSciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Conti
- Department of BioSciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
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97
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Brambilla V, Fornara F. Y flowering? Regulation and activity of CONSTANS and CCT-domain proteins in Arabidopsis and crop species. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1860:655-660. [PMID: 27793713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes in day length regulate the proper timing of flowering in several plant species. The genetic architecture of this process is based on CCT-domain proteins, many of which interact with NF-Y subunits to regulate transcription of target genes. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the CONSTANS CCT-domain protein is a central photoperiodic sensor. We will discuss how the diurnal rhythms of its transcription and protein accumulation are generated, and how the protein engages into multiple complexes to control production of a systemic flowering signal. Regulatory parallels will be drawn between Arabidopsis and major crops that indicate conservation of some CCT/NF-Y modules during plant evolution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear Factor Y in Development and Disease, edited by Prof. Roberto Mantovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Brambilla
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Territory, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fornara
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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98
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Song YH. The Effect of Fluctuations in Photoperiod and Ambient Temperature on the Timing of Flowering: Time to Move on Natural Environmental Conditions. Mol Cells 2016; 39:715-721. [PMID: 27788575 PMCID: PMC5104878 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have become physiologically adapted to a seasonally shifting environment by evolving many sensory mechanisms. Seasonal flowering is a good example of adaptation to local environmental demands and is crucial for maximizing reproductive fitness. Photoperiod and temperature are major environmental stimuli that control flowering through expression of a floral inducer, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein. Recent discoveries made using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have shown that the functions of photoreceptors are essential for the timing of FT gene induction, via modulation of the transcriptional activator CONSTANS (CO) at transcriptional and posttranslational levels in response to seasonal variations. The activation of FT transcription by the fine-tuned CO protein enables plants to switch from vegetative growth to flowering under inductive environmental conditions. The present review briefly summarizes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which the information of environmental stimuli is sensed and transduced to trigger FT induction in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
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99
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Wang H, Pan J, Li Y, Lou D, Hu Y, Yu D. The DELLA-CONSTANS Transcription Factor Cascade Integrates Gibberellic Acid and Photoperiod Signaling to Regulate Flowering. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:479-88. [PMID: 27406167 PMCID: PMC5074646 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellin (GA) and photoperiod pathways have recently been demonstrated to collaboratively modulate flowering under long days (LDs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this collaboration remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that GA-induced expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) under LDs was dependent on CONSTANS (CO), a critical transcription factor positively involved in photoperiod signaling. Mechanistic investigation revealed that DELLA proteins, a group of crucial repressors in GA signaling, physically interacted with CO. The DELLA-CO interactions repressed the transcriptional function of CO protein. Genetic analysis demonstrated that CO acts downstream of DELLA proteins to regulate flowering. Disruption of CO rescued the earlier flowering phenotype of the gai-t6 rga-t2 rgl1-1 rgl2-1 mutant (dellap), while a gain-of-function mutation in GA INSENSITIVE (GAI, a member of the DELLA gene) repressed the earlier flowering phenotype of CO-overexpressing plants. In addition, the accumulation of DELLA proteins and mRNAs was rhythmic, and REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 protein was noticeably decreased in the long-day afternoon, a time when CO protein is abundant. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the DELLA-CO cascade inhibits CO/FT-mediated flowering under LDs, which thus provide evidence to directly integrate GA and photoperiod signaling to synergistically modulate flowering under LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China (H.W., J.P., Y.L., D.L., Y.H., D.Y.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.W., J.P., Y.L., D.L.)
| | - Jinjing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China (H.W., J.P., Y.L., D.L., Y.H., D.Y.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.W., J.P., Y.L., D.L.)
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China (H.W., J.P., Y.L., D.L., Y.H., D.Y.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.W., J.P., Y.L., D.L.)
| | - Dengji Lou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China (H.W., J.P., Y.L., D.L., Y.H., D.Y.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.W., J.P., Y.L., D.L.)
| | - Yanru Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China (H.W., J.P., Y.L., D.L., Y.H., D.Y.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.W., J.P., Y.L., D.L.)
| | - Diqiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China (H.W., J.P., Y.L., D.L., Y.H., D.Y.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.W., J.P., Y.L., D.L.)
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100
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Ren L, Liu T, Cheng Y, Sun J, Gao J, Dong B, Chen S, Chen F, Jiang J. Transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes in the floral transition of the summer flowering chrysanthemum. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:673. [PMID: 27552984 PMCID: PMC4995656 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chrysanthemum is a leading cut flower species. Most conventional cultivars flower during the fall, but the Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Yuuka’ flowers during the summer, thereby filling a gap in the market. To date, investigations of flowering time determination have largely focused on fall-flowering types. Little is known about molecular basis of flowering time in the summer-flowering chrysanthemum. Here, the genome-wide transcriptome of ‘Yuuka’ was acquired using RNA-Seq technology, with a view to shedding light on the molecular basis of the shift to reproductive growth as induced by variation in the photoperiod. Results Two sequencing libraries were prepared from the apical meristem and leaves of plants exposed to short days, three from plants exposed to long days and one from plants sampled before any photoperiod treatment was imposed. From the ~316 million clean reads obtained, 115,300 Unigenes were assembled. In total 70,860 annotated sequences were identified by reference to various databases. A number of transcription factors and genes involved in flowering pathways were found to be differentially transcribed. Under short days, genes acting in the photoperiod and gibberellin pathways might accelerate flowering, while under long days, the trehalose-6-phosphate and sugar signaling pathways might be promoted, while the phytochrome B pathway might block flowering. The differential transcription of eight of the differentially transcribed genes was successfully validated using quantitative real time PCR. Conclusions A transcriptome analysis of the summer-flowering cultivar ‘Yuuka’ has been described, along with a global analysis of floral transition under various daylengths. The large number of differentially transcribed genes identified confirmed the complexity of the regulatory machinery underlying floral transition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3024-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ren
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Lab for Modern Facility Agriculture Technology & Equipment, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiaojiao Gao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Lab for Modern Facility Agriculture Technology & Equipment, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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