51
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In vivo imaging for neurovascular disease research. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:263-273. [PMID: 30756309 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Connections between various cell types in the brain enable cognitive function. The neurovascular unit is a structure composed of different cell types that regulate neurovascular coupling, blood-brain barrier permeability, and other interactions with peripheral systems. The relationship among the components of the neurovascular unit is complex and difficult to study without the use of in vivo neurovascular disease imaging. In this review, we introduce principles and examples of various in vivo optical imaging techniques including laser Doppler flowmetry, laser speckle contrast imaging, intrinsic optical signal imaging, optical coherence tomography, and two-photon microscopy. Furthermore, we introduce recent advances of in vivo imaging and future directions for promoting neurovascular disease research.
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52
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Zhao Q, Shi X, Zhu X, Zheng Y, Wu C, Tang H, Hu L, Xue Y, Gong W, Si K. Large field of view correction by using conjugate adaptive optics with multiple guide stars. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800225. [PMID: 30141268 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive optics has been widely used in the optical microscopy to recover high-resolution images deep into the sample. However, the corrected field of view (FOV) with a single correction is generally limited, which seriously restricts the imaging speed. In this article, we demonstrate a high-speed wavefront correction method by using the conjugate adaptive optical correction with multiple guide stars (CAOMG) based on the coherent optical adaptive technique. The results show that the CAOMG method can greatly improve the corrected FOV. For 120-μm-thick mouse brain tissue, the corrected FOV can be improved up to ~243 times of the conventional pupil adaptive optics (PAO) without additional time consumption. Therefore, this study shows the potential of high-speed imaging through scattering medium in biological science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinpei Zhu
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lejia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Si
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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53
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Golovynskyi S, Golovynska I, Stepanova LI, Datsenko OI, Liu L, Qu J, Ohulchanskyy TY. Optical windows for head tissues in near-infrared and short-wave infrared regions: Approaching transcranial light applications. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800141. [PMID: 30098115 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of the rat head tissues (brain cortex, cranial bone and scalp skin) are assessed, aiming at transcranial light applications such as optical imaging and phototherapy. The spectral measurements are carried out over the wide spectral range of 350 to 2800 nm, involving visible, near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) regions. Four tissue transparency windows are considered: ~700 to 1000 nm (NIR-I), ~1000 to 1350 nm (NIR-II), ~1550 to 1870 nm (NIR-III or SWIR) and ~2100 to 2300 nm (SWIR-II). The values of attenuation coefficient and total attenuation length are determined for all windows and tissue types. The spectra indicate transmittance peaks in NIR, NIR-II and SWIR-II, with maximum tissue permeability for SWIR light. The use of SWIR-II window for the transcranial light applications is substantiated. Furthermore, absorbance of the head tissues is investigated in details, by defining and describing the characteristic absorption peaks in NIR-SWIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Golovynskyi
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Iuliia Golovynska
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ludmila I Stepanova
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Liwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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54
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Büchau F, Patas A, Yang Y, Lindinger A, Heyne K. A stage-scanning two-photon microscope equipped with a temporal and a spatial pulse shaper: Enhance fluorescence signal by phase shaping. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:123701. [PMID: 30599602 DOI: 10.1063/1.5025792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a stage-scanning two-photon microscope (2PM) equipped with a temporal pulse shaper and a spatial light modulator enabling full control over spectral and spatial phases of the exciting laser pulse. We demonstrate the capability of correcting wavefronts and temporal pulse distortions without cross-dependencies induced by optical elements at the same time enhancing the fluorescence signal. We implemented phase resolved interferometric spectral modulation for temporal pulse shaping and the iterative feedback adaptive compensation technique for spatial pulse modulation as iterative techniques. Sample distortions were simulated by cover glass plates in the optical path and by chirping the exciting laser pulses. Optimization of the spectral and spatial phases results in a signal increase of 30% and nearly complete recovery of the losses. Applying a measured spatial compensation phase within a real leaf sample shows the enhancement in contrast due to wavefront shaping with local fluorescence increase up to 75%. The setup allows full independent control over spatial and spectral phases keeping or improving the spatial resolution of our microscope and provides the optimal tool for sensitive non-linear and coherent control microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Büchau
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14159 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Patas
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14159 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14159 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albrecht Lindinger
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14159 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Heyne
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14159 Berlin, Germany
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55
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Amitonova LV. Fourier conjugate adaptive optics for deep-tissue large field of view imaging. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:9803-9808. [PMID: 30462014 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.009803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Light microscopy enables multifunctional imaging of biological specimens at unprecedented depths and resolutions. However, the performance of all optical methods degrades with the imaging depth due to sample-induced aberrations. Methods of adaptive optics (AO), which are aimed at pre-compensation of these distortions, still suffer from a limited field of view and imaging depth as well as inconvenient microscope design. Here, I propose and investigate a new approach to overcome these limitations: Fourier image plane conjugate AO. Two experimental designs of the new approach are carefully studied, and an accurate comparison between different methods of AO is presented. Fourier conjugate AO provides a larger field of view, which can only be limited by the angular memory effect, and allows the optimal use of the spatial light modulator. Moreover, theoretically possible imaging depth of Fourier conjugate AO is limited only by the working distance of the objective and not by the microscope design.
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56
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Haskel M, Stern A. Modeling optical memory effects with phase screens. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:29231-29243. [PMID: 30470089 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, optical memory effects have been explored extensively for various applications. In this letter we propose phase screen models to facilitate the analysis and the simulation of wave propagation through optical media that exhibits memory effects. We show that the classical optical memory effect, which implies tilt wave correlations of the input and the scattered fields, can be readily modeled by a single random phase screen. For the recently discovered generalized optical memory effect, which implies the existence of shift wave correlations in addition to the tilt correlation, we propose an appropriate generalized random phase screen model.
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57
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Hage CH, Gomes JT, Bardet SM, Granger G, Jossent M, Lavoute L, Gaponov D, Fevrier S. Two-photon microscopy with a frequency-doubled fully fusion-spliced fiber laser at 1840 nm. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:5098-5101. [PMID: 30320829 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a fiber-based laser system providing 130 fs pulses with 3.5 nJ energy at 920 nm at a 43 MHz repetition rate and illustrate the potential of the source for two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy of living mouse brain. The laser source is based on frequency-doubling high-energy solitons generated and frequency-shifted to 1840 nm in large mode area fibers. This simple laser system could unleash the potential of two-photon microscopy techniques in the biology laboratory where green fluorescent proteins with two-photon absorption spectrum peaking around 920 nm are routinely used.
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58
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Lou K, Wang B, Jee AY, Granick S, Amblard F. Deep line-temporal focusing with high axial resolution and a large field-of-view using intracavity control and incoherent pulse shaping. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4919-4922. [PMID: 30320783 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Line-temporal focusing has been recognized as an elegant strategy that provides two-photon microscopy with an effective means for fast imaging through parallelization, together with an improved resilience to scattering for deep imaging. However, the axial resolution remains sub-optimal, except when using high NA objectives and a small field-of-view. With the introduction of an intracavity control of the spectral width of the femtosecond laser to adaptively fill the back aperture of the objective lens, line-temporal focusing two-photon microscopy is demonstrated to reach near-diffraction-limited axial resolution with a large back-aperture objective lens, and improved immunity to sample scattering. In addition, a new incoherent flattop beam shaping method is proposed which provides a uniform contrast with little degradation of the axial resolution along the focus line, even deep in the sample. This is demonstrated in large volumetric imaging of mouse lung samples.
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59
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Wang T, Ouzounov DG, Wu C, Horton NG, Zhang B, Wu CH, Zhang Y, Schnitzer MJ, Xu C. Three-photon imaging of mouse brain structure and function through the intact skull. Nat Methods 2018; 15:789-792. [PMID: 30202059 PMCID: PMC6188644 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging through the intact mouse skull is challenging because of skull-induced aberrations and scattering. We found that three-photon excitation provided improved optical sectioning compared with that obtained with two-photon excitation, even when we used the same excitation wavelength and imaging system. Here we demonstrate three-photon imaging of vasculature through the adult mouse skull at >500-μm depth, as well as GCaMP6s calcium imaging over weeks in cortical layers 2/3 and 4 in awake mice, with 8.5 frames per second and a field of view spanning hundreds of micrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Dimitre G Ouzounov
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chunyan Wu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas G Horton
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Yanping Zhang
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark J Schnitzer
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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60
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Fayyaz Z, Mohammadian N, Salimi F, Fatima A, Tabar MRR, Avanaki MRN. Simulated annealing optimization in wavefront shaping controlled transmission. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:6233-6242. [PMID: 30118010 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.006233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we present results of simulated annealing (SA), a heuristic optimization algorithm, for focusing light through a turbid medium. Performance of the algorithm on phase and amplitude modulations has been evaluated. A number of tips to tune the optimization parameters are provided. The effect of measurement noise on the performance of the SA algorithm is explored. Additionally, SA performance is compared with continuous sequential and briefly with other optimization algorithms.
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61
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Ren Y, Mlodzianoski MJ, Lee AC, Huang F, Suter DM. A low-cost microwell device for high-resolution imaging of neurite outgrowth in 3D. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:035001. [PMID: 29363623 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aaaa32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current neuronal cell culture is mostly performed on two-dimensional (2D) surfaces, which lack many of the important features of the native environment of neurons, including topographical cues, deformable extracellular matrix, and spatial isotropy or anisotropy in three dimensions. Although three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems provide a more physiologically relevant environment than 2D systems, their popularity is greatly hampered by the lack of easy-to-make-and-use devices. We aim to develop a widely applicable 3D culture procedure to facilitate the transition of neuronal cultures from 2D to 3D. APPROACH We made a simple microwell device for 3D neuronal cell culture that is inexpensive, easy to assemble, and fully compatible with commonly used imaging techniques, including super-resolution microscopy. MAIN RESULTS We developed a novel gel mixture to support 3D neurite regeneration of Aplysia bag cell neurons, a system that has been extensively used for quantitative analysis of growth cone dynamics in 2D. We found that the morphology and growth pattern of bag cell growth cones in 3D culture closely resemble the ones of growth cones observed in vivo. We demonstrated the capability of our device for high-resolution imaging of cytoskeletal and signaling proteins as well as organelles. SIGNIFICANCE Neuronal cell culture has been a valuable tool for neuroscientists to study the behavior of neurons in a controlled environment. Compared to 2D, neurons cultured in 3D retain the majority of their native characteristics, while offering higher accessibility, control, and repeatability. We expect that our microwell device will facilitate a wider adoption of 3D neuronal cultures to study the mechanisms of neurite regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ren
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
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62
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High-resolution adaptive optical imaging within thick scattering media using closed-loop accumulation of single scattering. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2157. [PMID: 29255208 PMCID: PMC5735168 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Thick biological tissues give rise to not only the multiple scattering of incoming light waves, but also the aberrations of remaining signal waves. The challenge for existing optical microscopy methods to overcome both problems simultaneously has limited sub-micron spatial resolution imaging to shallow depths. Here we present an optical coherence imaging method that can identify aberrations of waves incident to and reflected from the samples separately, and eliminate such aberrations even in the presence of multiple light scattering. The proposed method records the time-gated complex-field maps of backscattered waves over various illumination channels, and performs a closed-loop optimization of signal waves for both forward and phase-conjugation processes. We demonstrated the enhancement of the Strehl ratio by more than 500 times, an order of magnitude or more improvement over conventional adaptive optics, and achieved a spatial resolution of 600 nm up to an imaging depth of seven scattering mean free paths.
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63
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Quantification of Collagen Organization after Nerve Repair. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2017; 5:e1586. [PMID: 29632766 PMCID: PMC5889458 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Clinical outcomes after nerve injury and repair remain suboptimal. Patients may be plagued by poor functional recovery and painful neuroma at the repair site, characterized by disorganized collagen and sprouting axons. Collagen deposition during wound healing can be intrinsically imaged using second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. The purpose of this study was to develop a protocol for SHG imaging of nerves and to assess whether collagen alignment can be quantified after nerve repair. Methods: Sciatic nerve transection and epineural repair was performed in male rats. The contralateral nerves were used as intra-animal controls. Ten-millimeter nerve segments were harvested and fixed onto slides. SHG images were collected using a 20× objective on a multiphoton microscope. Collagen fiber alignment was calculated using CurveAlign software. Alignment was calculated on a scale from 0 to 1, where 1 represents perfect alignment. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effects model. Results: Eight male rats underwent right sciatic nerve repair using 9-0 Nylon suture. There were gross variations in collagen fiber organization in the repaired nerves compared with the controls. Quantitatively, collagen fibers were more aligned in the control nerves (mean alignment 0.754, SE 0.055) than in the repairs (mean alignment 0.413, SE 0.047; P < 0.001). Conclusions: SHG microscopy can be used to quantitate collagen after nerve repair via fiber alignment. Given that the development of neuroma likely reflects aberrant wound healing, ex vivo and/or in vivo SHG imaging may be useful for further investigation of the variables predisposing to neuroma.
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64
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Domingues HS, Cruz A, Chan JR, Relvas JB, Rubinstein B, Pinto IM. Mechanical plasticity during oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Glia 2017; 66:5-14. [PMID: 28940651 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, oligodendrocyte precursor cells are exclusive in their potential to differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells migrate within the parenchyma and extend cell membrane protrusions that ultimately evolve into myelinating sheaths able to wrap neuronal axons and significantly increase their electrical conductivity. The subcellular force generating mechanisms driving morphological and functional transformations during oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination remain elusive. In this review, we highlight the mechanical processes governing oligodendrocyte plasticity in a dynamic interaction with the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Cruz
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jonah R Chan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - I3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Boris Rubinstein
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Inês Mendes Pinto
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, Braga, Portugal
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65
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Urban A, Golgher L, Brunner C, Gdalyahu A, Har-Gil H, Kain D, Montaldo G, Sironi L, Blinder P. Understanding the neurovascular unit at multiple scales: Advantages and limitations of multi-photon and functional ultrasound imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 119:73-100. [PMID: 28778714 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient brain imaging technologies by combining a high spatiotemporal resolution and a large penetration depth is a key step for better understanding the neurovascular interface that emerges as a main pathway to neurodegeneration in many pathologies such as dementia. This review focuses on the advances in two complementary techniques: multi-photon laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM) and functional ultrasound imaging (fUSi). MPLSM has become the gold standard for in vivo imaging of cellular dynamics and morphology, together with cerebral blood flow. fUSi is an innovative imaging modality based on Doppler ultrasound, capable of recording vascular brain activity over large scales (i.e., tens of cubic millimeters) at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution for such volumes (up to 10μm pixel size at 10kHz). By merging these two technologies, researchers may have access to a more detailed view of the various processes taking place at the neurovascular interface. MPLSM and fUSi are also good candidates for addressing the major challenge of real-time delivery, monitoring, and in vivo evaluation of drugs in neuronal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Urban
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium and/or IMEC, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Neurobiology Dept., Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Golgher
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Clément Brunner
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium and/or IMEC, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amos Gdalyahu
- Neurobiology Dept., Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagai Har-Gil
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David Kain
- Neurobiology Dept., Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriel Montaldo
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium and/or IMEC, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Sironi
- Physics Dept., Universita degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Italy
| | - Pablo Blinder
- Neurobiology Dept., Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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66
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Generalized image deconvolution by exploiting the transmission matrix of an optical imaging system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8961. [PMID: 28827525 PMCID: PMC5566428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intact optical information of an object delivered through an imaging system is deteriorated by imperfect optical elements and unwanted defects. Image deconvolution has been widely exploited as a recovery technique due to its practical feasibility, and operates by assuming linear shift-invariant property of the imaging system. However, shift invariance does not rigorously hold in all imaging situations and is not a necessary condition for solving an inverse problem of light propagation. Several improved deconvolution techniques exploiting spatially variant point spread functions have been proposed in previous studies. However, the full characterization of an optical imaging system for compensating aberrations has not been considered. Here, we present a generalized method to solve the linear inverse problem of coherent light propagations without any regularization method or constraint on shift invariance by fully measuring the transmission matrix of the imaging system. Our results show that severe aberrations produced by a tilted lens or an inserted disordered layer can be corrected properly only by the proposed generalized image deconvolution. This work generalizes the theory of image deconvolution, and enables distortion-free imaging under general imaging condition.
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67
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Choy JMC, Sané SS, Lee WM, Stricker C, Bachor HA, Daria VR. Improving Focal Photostimulation of Cortical Neurons with Pre-derived Wavefront Correction. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:105. [PMID: 28507508 PMCID: PMC5410561 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in neuroscience to image and investigate brain function has been made possible by impressive developments in optogenetic and opto-molecular tools. Such research requires advances in optical techniques for the delivery of light through brain tissue with high spatial resolution. The tissue causes distortions to the wavefront of the incoming light which broadens the focus and consequently reduces the intensity and degrades the resolution. Such effects are detrimental in techniques requiring focal stimulation. Adaptive wavefront correction has been demonstrated to compensate for these distortions. However, iterative derivation of the corrective wavefront introduces time constraints that limit its applicability to probe living cells. Here, we demonstrate that we can pre-determine and generalize a small set of Zernike modes to correct for aberrations of the light propagating through specific brain regions. A priori identification of a corrective wavefront is a direct and fast technique that improves the quality of the focus without the need for iterative adaptive wavefront correction. We verify our technique by measuring the efficiency of two-photon photolysis of caged neurotransmitters along the dendrites of a whole-cell patched neuron. Our results show that encoding the selected Zernike modes on the excitation light can improve light propagation through brain slices of rats as observed by the neuron's evoked excitatory post-synaptic potential in response to localized focal uncaging at the spines of the neuron's dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M C Choy
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sharmila S Sané
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Woei M Lee
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Christian Stricker
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia.,Medical School, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Hans A Bachor
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Vincent R Daria
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
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Large-field-of-view imaging by multi-pupil adaptive optics. Nat Methods 2017; 14:581-583. [PMID: 28481364 PMCID: PMC5482233 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
For in vivo deep imaging at high spatiotemporal resolutions, we developed Multi-Pupil Adaptive Optics (MPAO) which enables simultaneous wavefront correction over a large imaging field-of-view. The current implementation improves correction area by nine times over that of conventional methods. MPAO’s capability of spatially independent wavefront control further enables 3D nonplanar imaging. We applied MPAO to in vivo structural and functional imaging of biological dynamics in mammalian brain.
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69
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Tao X, Lam T, Zhu B, Li Q, Reinig MR, Kubby J. Three-dimensional focusing through scattering media using conjugate adaptive optics with remote focusing (CAORF). OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:10368-10383. [PMID: 28468409 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.010368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The small correction volume for conventional wavefront shaping methods limits their application in biological imaging through scattering media. We demonstrate large volume wavefront shaping through a scattering layer with a single correction by conjugate adaptive optics and remote focusing (CAORF). The remote focusing module can maintain the conjugation between the adaptive optical (AO) element and the scattering layer during three-dimensional scanning. This new configuration provides a wider correction volume by better utilization of the memory effect in a fast three-dimensional laser scanning microscope. Our results show that the proposed system can provide 10 times wider axial field of view compared with a conventional conjugate AO system when 16,384 segments are used on a spatial light modulator. We also demonstrate three-dimensional fluorescence imaging, multi-spot patterning through a scattering layer and two-photon imaging through mouse skull tissue.
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70
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Boltze J, Nitzsche F, Jolkkonen J, Weise G, Pösel C, Nitzsche B, Wagner DC. Concise Review: Increasing the Validity of Cerebrovascular Disease Models and Experimental Methods for Translational Stem Cell Research. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1141-1153. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Boltze
- Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology; Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology; Lübeck Germany
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Franziska Nitzsche
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Radiology; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania USA
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- Department of Neurology; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Gesa Weise
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Neurology; University of Leipzig; Germany
| | - Claudia Pösel
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Björn Nitzsche
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital Leipzig; Germany
| | - Daniel-Christoph Wagner
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz; Germany
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71
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Tehrani KF, Kner P, Mortensen LJ. Characterization of wavefront errors in mouse cranial bone using second-harmonic generation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:36012. [PMID: 28323304 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.3.036012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical aberrations significantly affect the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of deep tissue microscopy. As multiphoton microscopy is applied deeper into tissue, the loss of resolution and signal due to propagation of light in a medium with heterogeneous refractive index becomes more serious. Efforts in imaging through the intact skull of mice cannot typically reach past the bone marrow ( ? 150 ?? ? m of depth) and have limited resolution and penetration depth. Mechanical bone thinning or optical ablation of bone enables deeper imaging, but these methods are highly invasive and may impact tissue biology. Adaptive optics is a promising noninvasive alternative for restoring optical resolution. We characterize the aberrations present in bone using second-harmonic generation imaging of collagen. We simulate light propagation through highly scattering bone and evaluate the effect of aberrations on the point spread function. We then calculate the wavefront and expand it in Zernike orthogonal polynomials to determine the strength of different optical aberrations. We further compare the corrected wavefront and the residual wavefront error, and suggest a correction element with high number of elements or multiconjugate wavefront correction for this highly scattering environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Forouhesh Tehrani
- University of Georgia, Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Peter Kner
- University of Georgia, College of Engineering, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Luke J Mortensen
- University of Georgia, Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, Athens, Georgia, United StatesbUniversity of Georgia, College of Engineering, Athens, Georgia, United States
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72
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Bovetti S, Moretti C, Zucca S, Dal Maschio M, Bonifazi P, Fellin T. Simultaneous high-speed imaging and optogenetic inhibition in the intact mouse brain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40041. [PMID: 28053310 PMCID: PMC5215385 DOI: 10.1038/srep40041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded calcium indicators and optogenetic actuators can report and manipulate the activity of specific neuronal populations. However, applying imaging and optogenetics simultaneously has been difficult to establish in the mammalian brain, even though combining the techniques would provide a powerful approach to reveal the functional organization of neural circuits. Here, we developed a technique based on patterned two-photon illumination to allow fast scanless imaging of GCaMP6 signals in the intact mouse brain at the same time as single-photon optogenetic inhibition with Archaerhodopsin. Using combined imaging and electrophysiological recording, we demonstrate that single and short bursts of action potentials in pyramidal neurons can be detected in the scanless modality at acquisition frequencies up to 1 kHz. Moreover, we demonstrate that our system strongly reduces the artifacts in the fluorescence detection that are induced by single-photon optogenetic illumination. Finally, we validated our technique investigating the role of parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons in the control of spontaneous cortical dynamics. Monitoring the activity of cellular populations on a precise spatiotemporal scale while manipulating neuronal activity with optogenetics provides a powerful tool to causally elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying circuit function in the intact mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bovetti
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Moretti
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Zucca
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Dal Maschio
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonifazi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Italy-Israel Joint Neuroscience Laboratory, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.,Computational Neuroimaging Lab, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces, s/n E-48903, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Tommaso Fellin
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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73
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Chen Y, Glaser A, Liu JT. Bessel-beam illumination in dual-axis confocal microscopy mitigates resolution degradation caused by refractive heterogeneities. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:68-74. [PMID: 27667127 PMCID: PMC5243863 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
One of the main challenges for laser-scanning microscopy of biological tissues with refractive heterogeneities is the degradation in spatial resolution that occurs as a result of beam steering and distortion. This challenge is particularly significant for dual-axis confocal (DAC) microscopy, which achieves improved spatial-filtering and optical-sectioning performance over traditional confocal microscopy through off-axis illumination and collection of light with low-numerical aperture (NA) beams that must intersect precisely at their foci within tissues. DAC microscope image quality is sensitive to positional changes and distortions of these illumination- and collection-beam foci. Previous studies have shown that Bessel beams display improved positional stability and beam quality than Gaussian beams when propagating through tissues with refractive heterogeneities, which suggests that Bessel-beam illumination may enhance DAC microscopy of such tissues. Here, we utilize both Gaussian and Bessel illumination in a point-scanned DAC microscope and quantify the resultant degradation in resolution when imaging within heterogeneous optical phantoms and fresh tissues. Results indicate that DAC microscopy with Bessel illumination exhibits reduced resolution degradation from microscopic tissue heterogeneities compared to DAC microscopy with conventional Gaussian illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adam Glaser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan T.C. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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74
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Abstract
Microscopy continues to expand our knowledge of brain structure and function. Sarah Webb looks at some of the latest tools and techniques leading the charge.
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75
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Yu H, Lee P, Jo Y, Lee K, Tuchin VV, Jeong Y, Park Y. Collaborative effects of wavefront shaping and optical clearing agent in optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:121510. [PMID: 27792807 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.12.121510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that simultaneous application of optical clearing agents (OCAs) and complex wavefront shaping in optical coherence tomography (OCT) can provide significant enhancement of penetration depth and imaging quality. OCA reduces optical inhomogeneity of a highly scattering sample, and the wavefront shaping of illumination light controls multiple scattering, resulting in an enhancement of the penetration depth and signal-to-noise ratio. A tissue phantom study shows that concurrent applications of OCA and wavefront shaping successfully operate in OCT imaging. The penetration depth enhancement is further demonstrated for <italic<ex vivo</italic< mouse ears, revealing hidden structures inaccessible with conventional OCT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseung Yu
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of KoreabKAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Lee
- KAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of KoreacKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungJu Jo
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of KoreabKAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - KyeoReh Lee
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of KoreabKAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Valery V Tuchin
- Saratov National Research State University, Research-Education Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, 83, Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov 410012, RussiaeInstitute of Precision Mechanics and Control of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, 24, Rabochaya Street, Saratov 410028, RussiafNational Research Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Biophotonics, 36, Lenin's Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Yong Jeong
- KAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of KoreacKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of KoreabKAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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76
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Li J, Bifano TG, Mertz J. Widefield fluorescence microscopy with sensor-based conjugate adaptive optics using oblique back illumination. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:121504. [PMID: 27653793 PMCID: PMC5039021 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.12.121504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe a wavefront sensor strategy for the implementation of adaptive optics (AO) in microscope applications involving thick, scattering media. The strategy is based on the exploitation of multiple scattering to provide oblique back illumination of the wavefront-sensor focal plane, enabling a simple and direct measurement of the flux-density tilt angles caused by aberrations at this plane. Advantages of the sensor are that it provides a large measurement field of view (FOV) while requiring no guide star, making it particularly adapted to a type of AO called conjugate AO, which provides a large correction FOV in cases when sample-induced aberrations arise from a single dominant plane (e.g., the sample surface). We apply conjugate AO here to widefield (i.e., nonscanning) fluorescence microscopy for the first time and demonstrate dynamic wavefront correction in a closed-loop implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Thomas G. Bifano
- Boston University, Photonics Center, 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jerome Mertz
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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77
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Cho YK, Zheng G, Augustine GJ, Hochbaum D, Cohen A, Knöpfel T, Pisanello F, Pavone FS, Vellekoop IM, Booth MJ, Hu S, Zhu J, Chen Z, Hoshi Y. Roadmap on neurophotonics. JOURNAL OF OPTICS (2010) 2016; 18:093007. [PMID: 28386392 PMCID: PMC5378317 DOI: 10.1088/2040-8978/18/9/093007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic understanding of how the brain gives rise to complex behavioral and cognitive functions is one of science's grand challenges. The technical challenges that we face as we attempt to gain a systems-level understanding of the brain are manifold. The brain's structural complexity requires us to push the limit of imaging resolution and depth, while being able to cover large areas, resulting in enormous data acquisition and processing needs. Furthermore, it is necessary to detect functional activities and 'map' them onto the structural features. The functional activity occurs at multiple levels, using electrical and chemical signals. Certain electrical signals are only decipherable with sub-millisecond timescale resolution, while other modes of signals occur in minutes to hours. For these reasons, there is a wide consensus that new tools are necessary to undertake this daunting task. Optical techniques, due to their versatile and scalable nature, have great potentials to answer these challenges. Optical microscopy can now image beyond the diffraction limit, record multiple types of brain activity, and trace structural features across large areas of tissue. Genetically encoded molecular tools opened doors to controlling and detecting neural activity using light in specific cell types within the intact brain. Novel sample preparation methods that reduce light scattering have been developed, allowing whole brain imaging in rodent models. Adaptive optical methods have the potential to resolve images from deep brain regions. In this roadmap article, we showcase a few major advances in this area, survey the current challenges, and identify potential future needs that may be used as a guideline for the next steps to be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ku Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Rd, Storrs, CT 06269-3222, USA
| | - Guoan Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - George J Augustine
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Daniel Hochbaum
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Physics, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Adam Cohen
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Physics, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ferruccio Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti sn, I-73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, L.go E. fermi 2, I-50100 Firenze, Italy
| | - Ivo M Vellekoop
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Booth
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK; Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Yoko Hoshi
- Department of Biomedical Optics, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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78
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Maysinger D, Zhang I. Nutritional and Nanotechnological Modulators of Microglia. Front Immunol 2016; 7:270. [PMID: 27471505 PMCID: PMC4945637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the essential responders to alimentary, pharmacological, and nanotechnological immunomodulators. These neural cells play multiple roles as surveyors, sculptors, and guardians of essential parts of complex neural circuitries. Microglia can play dual roles in the central nervous system; they can be deleterious and/or protective. The immunomodulatory effects of alimentary components, gut microbiota, and nanotechnological products have been investigated in microglia at the single-cell level and in vivo using intravital imaging approaches, and different biochemical assays. This review highlights some of the emerging questions and topics from studies involving alimentation, microbiota, nanotechnological products, and associated problems in this area of research. Some of the advantages and limitations of in vitro and in vivo models used to study the neuromodulatory effects of these factors, as well as the merits and pitfalls of intravital imaging modalities employed are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Issan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
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79
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Fluorescence imaging of in vivo miR-124a-induced neurogenesis of neuronal progenitor cells using neuron-specific reporters. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:38. [PMID: 27115744 PMCID: PMC4846606 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Facilitation of the differentiation of the stem cells toward neuronal lineage is crucial for enhancing the differentiation efficacy of grafted stem cells for the possible treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. MicroRNA124a (miR-124a) has been considered as a neuronal lineage regulator, possessing the capability to activate neuronal differentiation. In this study, using a neuronal promoter-based reporter and live-cell fluorescence imaging, we visualized in vitro and in vivo the enhanced neuronal differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells with miR-124a overproduction. Methods The neuron specific alpha1 tubulin promoter-driven RFP reporter (pTa1-RFP) was used to trace the miR-124a-induced neuronal differentiation in live cell condition. MiR-124a or miR-scramble in 10 % glucose buffer was mixed with in vivo-jetPEITM and in vivo fluorescence images were obtained daily using Maestro spectral fluorescent imager. Results Neurite outgrowth was clearly seen in F11 cells after miR-124a transfection, and immunofluorescence staining showed increase of Tuj1 and NF at 48 hours. When pTa1-RFP-transfected F11 cells were implanted simultaneously with miR-124a into the nude mice, gradually increasing reporter signals and morphological changes indicated neuronal differentiation for 48 hours in live cells in vitro. The miR-124a-treated F11 cells showed higher reporter signals on in vivo fluorescence imaging than miR-scramble-treated cells, which were verified by ex vivo confirmation of Tuj1 and NF expression. Conclusions These results indicated that neuronal reporter-based neurogenesis imaging can be used for monitoring miR-124a acting as neuronal activator when miRNA was injected in in vivo PEI-coated form for miRNA-mediated regenerative therapy.
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80
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Silasi G, Xiao D, Vanni MP, Chen ACN, Murphy TH. Intact skull chronic windows for mesoscopic wide-field imaging in awake mice. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 267:141-9. [PMID: 27102043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniotomy-based window implants are commonly used for microscopic imaging, in head-fixed rodents, however their field of view is typically small and incompatible with mesoscopic functional mapping of cortex. NEW METHOD We describe a reproducible and simple procedure for chronic through-bone wide-field imaging in awake head-fixed mice providing stable optical access for chronic imaging over large areas of the cortex for months. RESULTS The preparation is produced by applying clear-drying dental cement to the intact mouse skull, followed by a glass coverslip to create a partially transparent imaging surface. Surgery time takes about 30min. A single set-screw provides a stable means of attachment (in relation to the measured lateral and axial resolution) for mesoscale assessment without obscuring the cortical field of view. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We demonstrate the utility of this method by showing seed-pixel functional connectivity maps generated from spontaneous cortical activity of GCAMP6 signals in both awake and anesthetized mice in longitudinal studies of up to 2 months in duration. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the intact skull preparation described here may be used for most longitudinal studies that do not require micron scale resolution and where cortical neural or vascular signals are recorded with intrinsic sensors or in transgenic mice expressing genetically encoded sensors of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Silasi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dongsheng Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Matthieu P Vanni
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew C N Chen
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Timothy H Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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81
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Stolp B, Melican K. Microbial pathogenesis revealed by intravital microscopy: pros, cons and cautions. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2014-26. [PMID: 26938770 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intravital multiphoton imaging allows visualization of infections and pathogenic mechanisms within intact organs in their physiological context. Today, most organs of mice and rats are applicable to in vivo or ex vivo imaging, opening completely new avenues for many researchers. Advances in fluorescent labeling of pathogens and infected cells, as well as improved small animal models for human pathogens, led to the increased application of in vivo imaging in infectious diseases research in recent years. Here, we review the latest literature on intravital or ex vivo imaging of viral and bacterial infections and critically discuss requirements, benefits and drawbacks of applied animal models, labeling strategies, and imaged organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Stolp
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Center of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Keira Melican
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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82
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Kong L, Tang J, Cui M. Multicolor multiphoton in vivo imaging flow cytometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:6126-35. [PMID: 27136806 PMCID: PMC5025233 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.006126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In vivo flow cytometry provides a non-invasive way of probing the biology of circulating cells during disease progression and studying cellular response to therapy. However, current methods provide little morphological information which potentially could be new biological marker for early disease diagnosis, and fail to reveal intercellular interactions. Here we report a multi-color, multiphoton in vivo imaging flow cytometry, to image circulating cells within the vasculature of scattering tissues at high spatiotemporal resolution. We apply it in imaging of cellular dynamics in bone marrow through the intact mouse skull, in situ deformability cytometry, distinguishing cellular clusters, and simultaneously monitoring multiple types of trafficking cells based on their morphologies and fluorescence emission colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Kong
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,
USA
| | - Jianyong Tang
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892,
USA
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,
USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,
USA
- Integrated Imaging Cluster, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,
USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,
USA
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83
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Bossy E, Gigan S. Photoacoustics with coherent light. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2016; 4:22-35. [PMID: 27069874 PMCID: PMC4811919 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Since its introduction in the mid-nineties, photoacoustic imaging of biological tissue has been one of the fastest growing biomedical imaging modality, and its basic principles are now considered as well established. In particular, light propagation in photoacoustic imaging is generally considered from the perspective of transport theory. However, recent breakthroughs in optics have shown that coherent light propagating through optically scattering medium could be manipulated towards novel imaging approaches. In this article, we first provide an introduction to the relevant concepts in the field, and then review the recent works showing that it is possible to exploit the coherence of light in conjunction with photoacoustics. We illustrate how the photoacoustic effect can be used as a powerful feedback mechanism for optical wavefront shaping in complex media, and conversely show how the coherence of light can be exploited to enhance photoacoustic imaging, for instance in terms of spatial resolution or for designing minimally invasive endoscopic devices. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and perspectives down the road towards practical applications in the field of photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Bossy
- ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Optics Laboratory and Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Gigan
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris, France
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84
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Kong L, Tang J, Cui M. In vivo volumetric imaging of biological dynamics in deep tissue via wavefront engineering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:1214-1221. [PMID: 26832504 PMCID: PMC4741314 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems undergo dynamical changes continuously which span multiple spatial and temporal scales. To study these complex biological dynamics in vivo, high-speed volumetric imaging that can work at large imaging depth is highly desired. However, deep tissue imaging suffers from wavefront distortion, resulting in reduced Strehl ratio and image quality. Here we combine the two wavefront engineering methods developed in our lab, namely the optical phase-locked ultrasound lens based volumetric imaging and the iterative multiphoton adaptive compensation technique, and demonstrate in vivo volumetric imaging of microglial and mitochondrial dynamics at large depth in mouse brain cortex and lymph node, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Kong
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jianyong Tang
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Integrated imaging cluster, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Bindley bioscience center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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85
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Mehravar S, Banerjee B, Chatrath H, Amirsolaimani B, Patel K, Patel C, Norwood RA, Peyghambarian N, Kieu K. Label-free multi-photon imaging of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:148-57. [PMID: 26819824 PMCID: PMC4722899 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a metaplastic disorder where dysplastic and early cancerous changes are invisible to the naked eye and where the practice of blind biopsy is hampered by large sampling errors. Multi-photon microscopy (MPM) has emerged as an alternative solution for fast and label-free diagnostic capability for identifying the histological features with sub-micron accuracy. We developed a compact, inexpensive MPM system by using a handheld mode-locked fiber laser operating at 1560nm to study mucosal biopsies of BE. The combination of back-scattered THG, back-reflected forward THG and SHG signals generate images of cell nuclei and collagen, leading to label-free diagnosis in Barrett's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Mehravar
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona,1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Bhaskar Banerjee
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona,1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Hemant Chatrath
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Babak Amirsolaimani
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona,1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Krunal Patel
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Charmi Patel
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Robert A Norwood
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona,1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Nasser Peyghambarian
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona,1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Khanh Kieu
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona,1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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86
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Spesyvtsev R, Rendall HA, Dholakia K. Wide-field three-dimensional optical imaging using temporal focusing for holographically trapped microparticles. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:4847-50. [PMID: 26512465 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.004847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A contemporary challenge across the natural sciences is the simultaneous optical imaging or stimulation of small numbers of cells or colloidal particles organized into arbitrary geometries. We demonstrate the use of temporal focusing with holographic optical tweezers in order to achieve depth-resolved two-photon imaging of trapped objects arranged in arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) geometries using a single objective. Trapping allows for the independent position control of multiple objects by holographic beam shaping. Temporal focusing of ultrashort pulses provides the wide-field two-photon depth-selective activation of fluorescent samples. We demonstrate the wide-field depth-resolved illumination of both trapped fluorescent beads and trapped HL60 cells in suspension with full 3D positioning control. These approaches are compatible with implementation through scattering media and can be beneficial for emergent studies in colloidal science and particularly optogenetics, offering targeted photoactivation over a wide area with micrometer-precision depth control.
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