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Joli N, Gosselin M, Ardyna M, Babin M, Onda DF, Tremblay JÉ, Lovejoy C. Need for focus on microbial species following ice melt and changing freshwater regimes in a Janus Arctic Gateway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9405. [PMID: 29925879 PMCID: PMC6010473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27705-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceanic gateways are sensitive to climate driven processes. By connecting oceans, they have a global influence on marine biological production and biogeochemical cycles. The furthest north of these gateways is Nares Strait at the top of the North Water between Greenland and Ellesmere Island (Canada). This gateway is globally beneficial, first by supporting high local mammal and bird populations and second with the outflow of phosphate-rich Arctic waters fueling the North Atlantic spring bloom. Both sides of the North Water are hydrologically distinct with counter currents that make this Arctic portal a Janus gateway, after Janus, the Roman god of duality. We examined oceanographic properties and differences in phytoplankton and other protist communities from the eastern and western sides of the North Water (latitude 76.5°N) and found that species differed markedly due to salinity stratification regimes and local hydrography. Typical Arctic communities were associated with south flowing currents along the Canadian side, while potentially noxious Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were dominant on the Greenland side and associated with greater surface freshening from ice melt. This susceptibility of the Greenland side to Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms suggest that monitoring species responses to climate mediated changes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Joli
- Département de biologie, Québec Océan and Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (UMI 3376), Université Laval (Canada) - CNRS (France), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, GIV 0A6, Canada.
| | - Michel Gosselin
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Mathieu Ardyna
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France.,Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marcel Babin
- Département de biologie, Québec Océan and Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (UMI 3376), Université Laval (Canada) - CNRS (France), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Deo Florence Onda
- Département de biologie, Québec Océan and Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (UMI 3376), Université Laval (Canada) - CNRS (France), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, GIV 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Éric Tremblay
- Département de biologie, Québec Océan and Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (UMI 3376), Université Laval (Canada) - CNRS (France), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Connie Lovejoy
- Département de biologie, Québec Océan and Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (UMI 3376), Université Laval (Canada) - CNRS (France), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, GIV 0A6, Canada
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Environmental Controls of Oyster-Pathogenic Vibrio spp. in Oregon Estuaries and a Shellfish Hatchery. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02156-17. [PMID: 29475863 PMCID: PMC5930336 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02156-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio spp. have been a persistent concern for coastal bivalve hatcheries, which are vulnerable to environmental pathogens in the seawater used for rearing larvae, yet the biogeochemical drivers of oyster-pathogenic Vibrio spp. in their planktonic state are poorly understood. Here, we present data tracking oyster-pathogenic Vibrio bacteria in Netarts Bay and Yaquina Bay in Oregon, USA, as well as in adjacent coastal waters and a local shellfish hatchery, through the 2015 upwelling season. Vibrio populations were quantified using a culture-independent approach of high-throughput Vibrio-specific 16S rRNA gene sequencing paired with droplet digital PCR, and abundances were analyzed in the context of local biogeochemistry. The most abundant putative pathogen in our samples was Vibrio coralliilyticus. Environmental concentrations of total Vibrio spp. and V. coralliilyticus were highest in Netarts Bay sediment samples and higher in seawater from Netarts Bay than from nearshore coastal waters or Yaquina Bay. In Netarts Bay, the highest V. coralliilyticus concentrations were observed during low tide, and abundances increased throughout the summer. We hypothesize that the warm shallow waters in estuarine mudflats facilitate the local growth of the V. coralliilyticus pathogen. Samples from larval oyster tanks in Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, which uses seawater pumped directly from Netarts Bay, contained significantly lower total Vibrio species concentrations, but roughly similar V. coralliilyticus concentrations, than did the bay water, resulting in a 30-fold increase in the relative abundance of the V. coralliilyticus pathogen in hatchery tanks. This suggests that the V. coralliilyticus pathogen is able to grow or persist under hatchery conditions. IMPORTANCE It has been argued that oyster-pathogenic Vibrio spp. have contributed to recent mortality events in U.S. shellfish hatcheries (R. A. Elston, H. Hasegawa, K. L. Humphrey, I. K. Polyak, and C. Häse, Dis Aquat Organ 82:119–134, 2008, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao01982); however, these events are often sporadic and unpredictable. The success of hatcheries is critically linked to the chemical and biological composition of inflowing seawater resources; thus, it is pertinent to understand the biogeochemical drivers of oyster-pathogenic Vibrio spp. in their planktonic state. Here, we show that Netarts Bay, the location of a local hatchery, is enriched in oyster-pathogenic V. coralliilyticus compared to coastal seawater, and we hypothesize that conditions in tidal flats promote the local growth of this pathogen. Furthermore, V. coralliilyticus appears to persist in seawater pumped into the local hatchery. These results improve our understanding of the ecology and environmental controls of the V. coralliilyticus pathogen and could be used to improve future aquaculture efforts, as multiple stressors impact hatchery success.
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Wilson JR, Lomonico S, Bradley D, Sievanen L, Dempsey T, Bell M, McAfee S, Costello C, Szuwalski C, McGonigal H, Fitzgerald S, Gleason M. Adaptive comanagement to achieve climate‐ready fisheries. Conserv Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jono R. Wilson
- The Nature Conservancy San Francisco CA 94105 USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science & ManagementUniversity of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Serena Lomonico
- The Nature Conservancy San Francisco CA 94105 USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science & ManagementUniversity of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Darcy Bradley
- The Nature Conservancy San Francisco CA 94105 USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science & ManagementUniversity of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | | | - Tom Dempsey
- The Nature Conservancy San Francisco CA 94105 USA
| | - Michael Bell
- The Nature Conservancy San Francisco CA 94105 USA
| | - Skyli McAfee
- The Nature Conservancy San Francisco CA 94105 USA
| | - Christopher Costello
- Bren School of Environmental Science & ManagementUniversity of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Cody Szuwalski
- Bren School of Environmental Science & ManagementUniversity of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | | | - Sean Fitzgerald
- Bren School of Environmental Science & ManagementUniversity of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Mary Gleason
- The Nature Conservancy San Francisco CA 94105 USA
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54
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Peacock MB, Gibble CM, Senn DB, Cloern JE, Kudela RM. Blurred lines: Multiple freshwater and marine algal toxins at the land-sea interface of San Francisco Bay, California. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 73:138-147. [PMID: 29602502 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
San Francisco Bay (SFB) is a eutrophic estuary that harbors both freshwater and marine toxigenic organisms that are responsible for harmful algal blooms. While there are few commercial fishery harvests within SFB, recreational and subsistence harvesting for shellfish is common. Coastal shellfish are monitored for domoic acid and paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), but within SFB there is no routine monitoring for either toxin. Dinophysis shellfish toxins (DSTs) and freshwater microcystins are also present within SFB, but not routinely monitored. Acute exposure to any of these toxin groups has severe consequences for marine organisms and humans, but chronic exposure to sub-lethal doses, or synergistic effects from multiple toxins, are poorly understood and rarely addressed. This study documents the occurrence of domoic acid and microcystins in SFB from 2011 to 2016, and identifies domoic acid, microcystins, DSTs, and PSTs in marine mussels within SFB in 2012, 2014, and 2015. At least one toxin was detected in 99% of mussel samples, and all four toxin suites were identified in 37% of mussels. The presence of these toxins in marine mussels indicates that wildlife and humans who consume them are exposed to toxins at both sub-lethal and acute levels. As such, there are potential deleterious impacts for marine organisms and humans and these effects are unlikely to be documented. These results demonstrate the need for regular monitoring of marine and freshwater toxins in SFB, and suggest that co-occurrence of multiple toxins is a potential threat in other ecosystems where freshwater and seawater mix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B Peacock
- Northwest Indian College, 2522 Kwina Rd, Bellingham, WA, 98226, USA; Ocean Sciences Department, 1156 High Street, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Avenue, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
| | - Corinne M Gibble
- Ocean Sciences Department, 1156 High Street, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Office of Spill Prevention and Response, Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, 151 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - David B Senn
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Office of Spill Prevention and Response, Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, 151 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - James E Cloern
- United States Geological Survey MS496, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Raphael M Kudela
- Ocean Sciences Department, 1156 High Street, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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55
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Grattan LM, Boushey CJ, Liang Y, Lefebvre KA, Castellon LJ, Roberts KA, Toben AC, Morris JG. Repeated Dietary Exposure to Low Levels of Domoic Acid and Problems with Everyday Memory: Research to Public Health Outreach. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10030103. [PMID: 29495583 PMCID: PMC5869391 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Domoic Acid (DA) is a marine-based neurotoxin. Dietary exposure to high levels of DA via shellfish consumption has been associated with Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning, with milder memory decrements found in Native Americans (NAs) with repetitive, lower level exposures. Despite its importance for protective action, the clinical relevance of these milder memory problems remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether repeated, lower-level exposures to DA impact everyday memory (EM), i.e., the frequency of memory failures in everyday life. A cross-sectional sample of 60 NA men and women from the Pacific NW was studied with measures of dietary exposure to DA via razor clam (RC) consumption and EM. Findings indicated an association between problems with EM and elevated consumption of RCs with low levels of DA throughout the previous week and past year after controlling for age, sex, and education. NAs who eat a lot of RCs with presumably safe levels of DA are at risk for clinically significant memory problems. Public health outreach to minimize repetitive exposures are now in place and were facilitated by the use of community-based participatory research methods, with active involvement of state regulatory agencies, tribe leaders, and local physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Grattan
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Carol J Boushey
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Kathi A Lefebvre
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Laura J Castellon
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Kelsey A Roberts
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Alexandra C Toben
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - J G Morris
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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56
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Jing J, Petroff R, Shum S, Crouthamel B, Topletz AR, Grant KS, Burbacher TM, Isoherranen N. Toxicokinetics and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of the Shellfish Toxin Domoic Acid in Nonhuman Primates. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:155-165. [PMID: 29150543 PMCID: PMC5776359 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.078485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxin, is produced by marine algae and has caused toxications worldwide in animals and humans. However, the toxicokinetics of DA have not been fully evaluated, and information is missing on the disposition of DA following oral exposures at doses that are considered safe for human consumption. In this study, toxicokinetics of DA were investigated in cynomolgus monkeys following single doses of 5 µg/kg DA intravenously, 0.075 mg/kg DA orally, and 0.15 mg/kg DA orally. After intravenous dosing, DA had a systemic clearance of 124 ± 71 (ml/h)/kg, volume of distribution at steady state of 131 ± 71 ml/kg and elimination half-life of 1.2 ± 1.1 hours. However, following oral dosing, the average terminal half-life of DA was 11.3 ± 2.4 hours, indicating that DA disposition follows flip-flop kinetics with slow, rate-limiting absorption. The absorption of DA was low after oral dosing with absolute bioavailability of 6% ± 4%. The renal clearance of DA was variable [21-152 (ml/h)/kg] with 42% ± 11% of the intravenous DA dose recovered in urine. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed for DA in monkeys and humans that replicated the flip-flop kinetics observed after oral administration and allowed simulation of urinary excretion and brain and kidney distribution of DA following intravenous and oral dosing. This study is the first to characterize DA disposition at exposure levels close to the current estimated tolerable daily intake and to mechanistically model DA disposition in a model species, providing important information of the toxicokinetics of DA for human safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing
- Department of Pharmaceutics (J.J., S.S., A.R.T., N.I.), Department of and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (R.P., B.C., K.S.G., T.M.B.), Center on Human Development and Disability (K.S.G., T.M.B.), and Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (K.S.G., T.M.B.)
| | - Rebekah Petroff
- Department of Pharmaceutics (J.J., S.S., A.R.T., N.I.), Department of and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (R.P., B.C., K.S.G., T.M.B.), Center on Human Development and Disability (K.S.G., T.M.B.), and Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (K.S.G., T.M.B.)
| | - Sara Shum
- Department of Pharmaceutics (J.J., S.S., A.R.T., N.I.), Department of and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (R.P., B.C., K.S.G., T.M.B.), Center on Human Development and Disability (K.S.G., T.M.B.), and Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (K.S.G., T.M.B.)
| | - Brenda Crouthamel
- Department of Pharmaceutics (J.J., S.S., A.R.T., N.I.), Department of and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (R.P., B.C., K.S.G., T.M.B.), Center on Human Development and Disability (K.S.G., T.M.B.), and Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (K.S.G., T.M.B.)
| | - Ariel R Topletz
- Department of Pharmaceutics (J.J., S.S., A.R.T., N.I.), Department of and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (R.P., B.C., K.S.G., T.M.B.), Center on Human Development and Disability (K.S.G., T.M.B.), and Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (K.S.G., T.M.B.)
| | - Kimberly S Grant
- Department of Pharmaceutics (J.J., S.S., A.R.T., N.I.), Department of and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (R.P., B.C., K.S.G., T.M.B.), Center on Human Development and Disability (K.S.G., T.M.B.), and Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (K.S.G., T.M.B.)
| | - Thomas M Burbacher
- Department of Pharmaceutics (J.J., S.S., A.R.T., N.I.), Department of and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (R.P., B.C., K.S.G., T.M.B.), Center on Human Development and Disability (K.S.G., T.M.B.), and Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (K.S.G., T.M.B.)
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics (J.J., S.S., A.R.T., N.I.), Department of and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (R.P., B.C., K.S.G., T.M.B.), Center on Human Development and Disability (K.S.G., T.M.B.), and Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (K.S.G., T.M.B.)
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Maeno Y, Kotaki Y, Terada R, Cho Y, Konoki K, Yotsu-Yamashita M. Six domoic acid related compounds from the red alga, Chondria armata, and domoic acid biosynthesis by the diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries. Sci Rep 2018; 8:356. [PMID: 29321590 PMCID: PMC5762911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Domoic acid (DA, 1), a potent neurotoxin that causes amnesic shellfish poisoning, has been found in diatoms and red algae. While biosynthetic pathway towards DA from geranyl diphosphate and L-glutamate has been previously proposed, its late stage is still unclear. Here, six novel DA related compounds, 7'-methyl-isodomoic acid A (2) and B (3), N-geranyl-L-glutamic acid (4), 7'-hydroxymethyl-isodomoic acid A (5) and B (6), and N-geranyl-3(R)-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid (7), were isolated from the red alga, Chondria armata, and their structures were determined. The compounds 4 and 7, linear compounds, are predictable as the precursors to form the DA pyrrolidine ring. The compounds 2 and 3 are thought as the cyclized products of 7; therefore, dehydration and electron transfer from the internal olefin of 7 is a possible mechanism for the pyrrolidine ring formation. One terminal methyl group of the side chain of 2 and 3 is predicted to be oxidized to hydroxymethyl (5, 6), and then to carboxylic acids, forming isodomoic acids A and B. Finally, the terminal olefin of isodomoic acid A would be isomerized to form DA. In addition, [15N, D]-labeled 4 was incorporated into DA using the diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries, demonstrating that 4 is the genuine precursor of DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Maeno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kotaki
- Fukushima College, 1-1 Chigoike Miyashiro, Fukushima, 960-0181, Japan
| | - Ryuta Terada
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yuko Cho
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Keiichi Konoki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Mari Yotsu-Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan.
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58
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Peterson WT, Fisher JL, Strub PT, Du X, Risien C, Peterson J, Shaw CT. The pelagic ecosystem in the Northern California Current off Oregon during the 2014-2016 warm anomalies within the context of the past 20 years. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. OCEANS 2017; 122:7267-7290. [PMID: 33204583 PMCID: PMC7668311 DOI: 10.1002/2017jc012952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A warm anomaly in the upper ocean, colloquially named "the Blob," appeared in the Gulf of Alaska during the calm winter of 2013-2014, spread across the northern North Pacific (NP) Ocean, and shifted eastward and onto the Oregon shelf. At least 14 species of copepods occurred which had never been observed in shelf/slope waters off Oregon, some of which are known to have NP Gyre affinities, indicating that the source waters of the coastal "Blob" were likely of both offshore (from the west) and subtropical/tropical origin. The anomalously warm conditions were reduced during strong upwelling in spring 2015 but returned when upwelling weakened in July 2015 and transitioned to downwelling in fall 2015. The extended period of warm conditions resulted in prolonged effects on the ecosystem off central Oregon, lasting at least through 2016. Impacts to the lower trophic levels were unprecedented and include a novel plankton community composition resulting from increased copepod, diatom, and dinoflagellate species richness and increased abundance of dinoflagellates. Additionally, the multiyear warm anomalies were associated with reduced biomass of copepods and euphausiids, high abundance of larvaceans and doliolids (indictors of oligotrophic ocean conditions), and a toxic diatom bloom (Pseudo-nitzschia) throughout the California Current in 2015, thereby changing the composition of the food web that is relied upon by many commercially and ecologically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Peterson
- NOAA-Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Newport Field Station, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon, USA
| | - Jennifer L Fisher
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, USA
| | - P Ted Strub
- College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Xiuning Du
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, USA
| | - Craig Risien
- College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jay Peterson
- NOAA-Fisheries, Office of Science and Technology, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - C Tracy Shaw
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
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59
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Thorel M, Claquin P, Schapira M, Le Gendre R, Riou P, Goux D, Le Roy B, Raimbault V, Deton-Cabanillas AF, Bazin P, Kientz-Bouchart V, Fauchot J. Nutrient ratios influence variability in Pseudo-nitzschia species diversity and particulate domoic acid production in the Bay of Seine (France). HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 68:192-205. [PMID: 28962980 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The population dynamics of different Pseudo-nitzschia species, along with particulate domoic acid (pDA) concentrations, were studied from May 2012 to December 2013 in the Bay of Seine (English Channel, Normandy). While Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms occurred during the two years of study, Pseudo-nitzschia species diversity and particulate domoic acid concentrations varied greatly. In 2012, three different species were identified during the spring bloom (P. australis, P. pungens and P. fraudulenta) with high pDA concentrations (∼1400ngl-1) resulting in shellfish harvesting closures. In contrast, the 2013 spring was characterised by a P. delicatissima bloom without any toxic event. Above all, the results show that high pDA concentrations coincided with the presence of P. australis and with potential silicate limitation (Si:N<1), while nitrate concentrations were still replete. The contrasting environmental conditions between 2012 and 2013 highlight different environmental controls that might favour the development of either P. delicatissima or P. australis. This study points to the key role of Pseudo-nitzschia diversity and cellular toxicity in the control of particulate domoic acid variations and highlights the fact that diversity and toxicity are influenced by nutrients, especially nutrient ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Thorel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Pascal Claquin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, 14032 Caen, France
| | | | | | | | - Didier Goux
- CMAbio-SF 4206 ICORE UNICAEN, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Bertrand Le Roy
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Virginie Raimbault
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Anne-Flore Deton-Cabanillas
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Pauline Bazin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, 14032 Caen, France
| | | | - Juliette Fauchot
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, 14032 Caen, France.
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60
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Gregg WW, Rousseaux CS, Franz BA. Global trends in ocean phytoplankton: a new assessment using revised ocean colour data. REMOTE SENSING LETTERS (PRINT) 2017; 8:1102-1111. [PMID: 29308292 PMCID: PMC5749930 DOI: 10.1080/2150704x.2017.1354263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A recent revision of the NASA global ocean colour record shows changes in global ocean chlorophyll trends. This new 18-year time series now includes three global satellite sensors, the Sea-viewing Wide Field of view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS-Aqua), and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The major changes are radiometric drift correction, a new algorithm for chlorophyll, and a new sensor VIIRS. The new satellite data record shows no significant trend in global annual median chlorophyll from 1998 to 2015, in contrast to a statistically significant negative trend from 1998 to 2012 in the previous version. When revised satellite data are assimilated into a global ocean biogeochemical model, no trend is observed in global annual median chlorophyll. This is consistent with previous findings for the 1998-2012 time period using the previous processing version and only two sensors (SeaWiFS and MODIS). Detecting trends in ocean chlorophyll with satellites is sensitive to data processing options and radiometric drift correction. The assimilation of these data, however, reduces sensitivity to algorithms and radiometry, as well as the addition of a new sensor. This suggests the assimilation model has skill in detecting trends in global ocean colour. Using the assimilation model, spatial distributions of significant trends for the 18-year record (1998-2015) show recent decadal changes. Most notable are the North and Equatorial Indian Oceans basins, which exhibit a striking decline in chlorophyll. It is exemplified by declines in diatoms and chlorophytes, which in the model are large and intermediate size phytoplankton. This decline is partially compensated by significant increases in cyanobacteria, which represent very small phytoplankton. This suggests the beginning of a shift in phytoplankton composition in these tropical and subtropical Indian basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watson W. Gregg
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Cécile S. Rousseaux
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Universities Space Research Association, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Bryan A. Franz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, USA
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61
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Zhu Z, Qu P, Fu F, Tennenbaum N, Tatters AO, Hutchins DA. Understanding the blob bloom: Warming increases toxicity and abundance of the harmful bloom diatom Pseudo-nitzschia in California coastal waters. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 67:36-43. [PMID: 28755719 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The toxic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia produces environmentally damaging harmful algal blooms (HABs) along the U.S. west coast and elsewhere, and a recent ocean warming event coincided with toxic blooms of record extent. This study examined the effects of temperature on growth, domoic acid toxin production, and competitive dominance of two Pseudo-nitzschia species from Southern California. Growth rates of cultured P. australis were maximal at 23°C (∼0.8d-1), similar to the maximum temperature recorded during the 2014-2015 warming anomaly, and decreased to ∼0.1 d-1 by 30°C. In contrast, cellular domoic acid concentrations only became detectable at 23°C, and increased to maximum levels at 30°C. In two incubation experiments using natural Southern California phytoplankton communities, warming also increased the relative abundance of another potentially toxic local species, P. delicatissima. These results suggest that both the toxicity and the competitive success of particular Pseudo-nitzschia spp. can be positively correlated with temperature, and therefore there is a need to determine whether harmful blooms of this diatom genus may be increasingly prevalent in a warmer future coastal ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhu
- Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Pingping Qu
- Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Feixue Fu
- Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nancy Tennenbaum
- Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Avery O Tatters
- Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - David A Hutchins
- Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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