51
|
Li Y, Li X, Qu J, Luo D, Hu Z. Cas9 Mediated Correction of β-catenin Mutation and Restoring the Expression of Protein Phosphorylation in Colon Cancer HCT-116 Cells Decrease Cell Proliferation in vitro and Hamper Tumor Growth in Mice in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:17-29. [PMID: 32021251 PMCID: PMC6954092 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s225556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major contributors to cancer mortality and morbidity. Finding strategies to fight against CRC is urgently required. Mutations in driver genes of APC or β-catenin play an important role in the occurrence and progression of CRC. In the present study, we jointly apply CRISPR/Cas9-sgRNA system and Single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) as templates to correct a heterozygous ΔTCT deletion mutation of β-catenin present in a colon cancer cell line HCT-116. This method provides a potential strategy in gene therapy for cancer. Methods A Cas9/β-catenin-sgRNA-eGFP co-expression vector was constructed and co-transfected with ssODN into HCT-116 cells. Mutation-corrected single-cell clones were sorted by FACS and judged by TA cloning and DNA sequencing. Effects of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction were tested by real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, CCK8, EDU dyeing and cell-plated clones. Moreover, the growth of cell clones derived tumors was analyzed at nude mice xenografts. Results CRISPR/Cas9-mediated β-catenin mutation correction resulted in the presence of TCT sequence and the re-expression of phosphorylation β-catenin at Ser45, which restored the normal function of phosphorylation β-catenin including reduction of the transportation of nuclear β-catenin and the expression of downstream c-myc, survivin. Significantly reduced cell growth was observed in β-catenin mutation-corrected cells. Mice xenografted with mutation-corrected HCT-116 cells showed significantly smaller tumor size than uncorrected xenografts. Conclusion The data of this study documented that correction of the driven mutation by the combination of CRISPR/Cas9 and ssODN could greatly remedy the biological behavior of the cancer cell line, suggesting a potential application of this strategy in gene therapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Li
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou Affiliated to University of South China, Hunan 432000, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou Affiliated to University of South China, Hunan 432000, People's Republic of China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Through Molecular Diagnosis Technology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hunan 432000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayao Qu
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou Affiliated to University of South China, Hunan 432000, People's Republic of China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Through Molecular Diagnosis Technology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hunan 432000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dixian Luo
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou Affiliated to University of South China, Hunan 432000, People's Republic of China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Through Molecular Diagnosis Technology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hunan 432000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou Affiliated to University of South China, Hunan 432000, People's Republic of China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Through Molecular Diagnosis Technology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hunan 432000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Regulation of Stem Cells by Cullin-RING Ligase. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1217:79-98. [PMID: 31898223 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1025-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells can remain quiescent, self-renewal, and differentiate into many types of cells and even cancer stem cells. The coordination of these complex processes maintains the homeostasis of the organism. Ubiquitination is an important posttranslational modification process that regulates protein stability and activity. The ubiquitination levels of stem cell-associated proteins are closely related with stem cell characteristics. Cullin-RING Ligases (CRLs) are the largest family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, accounting for approximately 20% of proteins degraded by proteasome. In this review, we discuss the role of CRLs in stem cell homeostasis, self-renewal, and differentiation and expound their ubiquitination substrates. In addition, we also discuss the effect of CRLs on the formation of cancer stem cells that may provide promising therapy strategies for cancer.
Collapse
|
53
|
Kalra H, Gangoda L, Fonseka P, Chitti SV, Liem M, Keerthikumar S, Samuel M, Boukouris S, Al Saffar H, Collins C, Adda CG, Ang CS, Mathivanan S. Extracellular vesicles containing oncogenic mutant β-catenin activate Wnt signalling pathway in the recipient cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1690217. [PMID: 31819794 PMCID: PMC6883417 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1690217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in β-catenin, especially at the residues critical for its degradation, render it constitutively active. Here, we show that mutant β-catenin can be transported via extracellular vesicles (EVs) and activate Wnt signalling pathway in the recipient cells. An integrative proteogenomic analysis identified the presence of mutated β-catenin in EVs secreted by colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Follow-up experiments established that EVs released from LIM1215 CRC cells stimulated Wnt signalling pathway in the recipient cells with wild-type β-catenin. SILAC-based quantitative proteomics analysis confirmed the transfer of mutant β-catenin to the nucleus of the recipient cells. In vivo tracking of DiR-labelled EVs in mouse implanted with RKO CRC cells revealed its bio-distribution, confirmed the activation of Wnt signalling pathway in tumour cells and increased the tumour burden. Overall, for the first time, this study reveals that EVs can transfer mutant β-catenin to the recipient cells and promote cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hina Kalra
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lahiru Gangoda
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pamali Fonseka
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sai V Chitti
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Liem
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monisha Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephanie Boukouris
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Haidar Al Saffar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christine Collins
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher G Adda
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Kirsanov K, Fetisov T, Lesovaya EA, Maksimova V, Trukhanova L, Antoshina E, Gor'kova T, Morozova O, Safina A, Fleyshman D, Salimov R, Shipaeva E, Ivanov R, Leonov A, Purmal AA, Belitsky GA, Gudkov AV, Gurova KV, Yakubovskaya MG. Prevention of Colorectal Carcinogenesis by DNA-Binding Small-Molecule Curaxin CBL0137 Involves Suppression of Wnt Signaling. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 13:53-64. [PMID: 31653646 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprevention is considered a valid approach to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer, one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Here, we investigated the tumor-preventive activity of curaxin CBL0137. This compound represents a new class of nonmutagenic DNA-binding small molecules that alter chromatin stability and inhibit the function of the histone chaperone FACT. Among downstream effects of CBL0137 treatment are activation of p53 and type I interferons and inhibition of NFκB, HSF1, and MYC. In addition, our data show that in both human and mouse colorectal cancer cells in vitro, CBL0137 inhibits the APC/WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, which plays a key role in colon carcinogenesis. Using quantitative RT-PCR and microarray hybridization, we have demonstrated decreased expression of multiple components and downstream targets of the WNT pathway in colon cancer cells treated with CBL0137. At the same time, CBL0137 induced expression of WNT antagonists. Inhibition of WNT signaling activity by CBL0137 was also confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Tumor-preventive activity of CBL0137 in vivo was tested in a murine model of colorectal carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), which is known to involve WNT pathway dysregulation. After DMH subcutaneous treatment, mice were administered CBL0137 in drinking water. Efficacy of CBL0137 in suppressing development of colorectal cancer in this model was evidenced by reduced incidence of adenocarcinomas and adenomas in both males and females and decrease in tumor multiplicity. These data support the prospective use of CBL0137 in chemoprevention of colorectal cancer as well as of other malignances associated with activated WNT signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kirsanov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation
- RUDN University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Timur Fetisov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Lesovaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Ryazansky State Medical University, Ryazan, Russian Federation
| | - Varvara Maksimova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lubov Trukhanova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Antoshina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Gor'kova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Morozova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gennady A Belitsky
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Chen H, Sells E, Pandey R, Abril ER, Hsu CH, Krouse RS, Nagle RB, Pampalakis G, Sotiropoulou G, Ignatenko NA. Kallikrein 6 protease advances colon tumorigenesis via induction of the high mobility group A2 protein. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6062-6078. [PMID: 31692974 PMCID: PMC6817440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) overexpression is commonly observed in primary tumors of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and has been associated with tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor prognosis. We previously established a unique contribution of KLK6 in colon cancer metastasis via a specific network of microRNAs and mRNAs. Here we evaluated the cellular functions of KLK6 protease in Caco-2 colon adenocarcinoma cell line after introduction of the enzymatically active or inactive form of the enzyme. We found that proteolytically active KLK6 increased Caco-2 cells invasiveness in vitro and decreased the animal survival in the orthotopic colon cancer model. The active KLK6 induced phosphorylation of SMAD 2/3 proteins leading to the altered expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. KLK6 overexpression also induced the RNA-binding protein LIN28B and high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) transcription factor, two essential regulators of cell invasion and metastasis. In the CRC patients, KLK6 protein levels were elevated in the non-cancerous distant and adjacent tissues, compared to their paired tumor tissues (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0157, respectively). Patients with mutant K-RAS tumors had significantly higher level of KLK6 protein in the luminal surface of non-cancerous distant tissue, compared to the corresponding tissues of the patients with K-RAS wild type tumors (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, KLK6 and HMGA2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores in patients' tumors and paired adjacent tissues positively correlated (Spearman correlation P < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). These findings demonstrate the critical function of the KLK6 enzyme in colon cancer progression and its contribution to the signaling network in colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwudaurw Chen
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Earlphia Sells
- Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ritu Pandey
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Chiu-Hsieh Hsu
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert S. Krouse
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Raymond B. Nagle
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Natalia A. Ignatenko
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Thompson JJ, Short SP, Parang B, Brown RE, Li C, Ng VH, Saito-Diaz K, Choksi YA, Washington MK, Smith JJ, Fingleton B, Brand T, Lee E, Coffey RJ, Williams CS. Blood vessel epicardial substance reduces LRP6 receptor and cytoplasmic β-catenin levels to modulate Wnt signaling and intestinal homeostasis. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1086-1098. [PMID: 30689807 PMCID: PMC8067673 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES, otherwise known as POPDC1) is an integral membrane protein known to regulate tight junction formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. BVES is underexpressed in a number of malignancies, including colorectal cancer. BVES loss leads to activation of the Wnt pathway, suggesting that decreased BVES expression functionally contributes to tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism by which BVES modulates Wnt signaling is unknown. Here, we confirm that BVES loss increases β-catenin protein levels, leads to Wnt pathway activation in a ligand-independent fashion and coordinates with Wnt ligand to further increase Wnt signaling. We show that BVES loss increases levels and activation of the Wnt co-receptor, LRP6, in cell lines, murine adenoma tumoroids and human-derived colonoids. We also demonstrate that BVES interacts with LRP6. Finally, murine tumor modeling using a Wnt-driven genetic model and a chemically induced model of colorectal carcinogenesis demonstrate that BVES loss increases tumor multiplicity and dysplasia. Together, these results implicate BVES as an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, provide one of the first examples of a tight junction-associated protein regulating Wnt receptor levels, and expand the number of putative molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah P Short
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bobak Parang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel E Brown
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chenxuan Li
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Victoria H Ng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kenyi Saito-Diaz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yash A Choksi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary K Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jesse Joshua Smith
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Fingleton
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas Brand
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Lee H, Evans T. TMEM88 Inhibits Wnt Signaling by Promoting Wnt Signalosome Localization to Multivesicular Bodies. iScience 2019; 19:267-280. [PMID: 31401350 PMCID: PMC6700443 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is regulated in a bimodal fashion during cardiogenesis. Signaling is initially required to promote generation of precardiac mesoderm, but subsequently must be repressed for cardiac progenitor specification. TMEM88 was discovered recently as a negative regulator during the later phase of cardiac progenitor specification, but how TMEM88 functions was unknown. Based on a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif, TMEM88 was proposed to act by targeting the PDZ domain of Dishevelled, the positive Wnt signaling mediator. However, we discovered that TMEM88 acts downstream of the β-catenin destruction complex and can inhibit Wnt signaling independent of Dishevelled. TMEM88 requires the PDZ-binding motif for trafficking from Golgi to the plasma membrane and is also found in the multivesicular body (MVB) associated with the endocytosed Wnt signalosome. Expression of Tmem88 promotes association of the Wnt signalosome including β-catenin to the MVB, leading to reduced accumulation of nuclear β-catenin and repression of Wnt signaling. Human ESCs with a targeted TMEM88 knockout are impaired for cardiac specification TMEM88 does not require Dishevelled to inhibit Wnt signaling TMEM88 is trafficked from Golgi to plasma membrane and then to the MVB Expression of TMEM88 promotes association of the signalosome to the MVB
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Lee
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Discrimination of low- and high-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms by targeted sequencing of cancer-related variants. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1197-1209. [PMID: 30962504 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA was obtained from matching micro-dissected, primary tumor cells, paired metastases, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (germline) from patients with appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. We compared specimens from patient cohorts comprising low-grade adenomucinous neoplasm versus high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma using a targeted, amplicon sequencing panel of 409 cancer related genes (Ion Torrent Comprehensive Cancer Panel, Thermo-Fisher, Waltham, MA). Copy number variants, single nucleotide variants and small insertions/deletions were identified using a multiplex algorithm pipeline (GATK, VarScan2, MuTect2, SIFT, SIFT-INDEL, PolyPhen-2, Provean). There were significantly more damaging variants in high-grade versus low-grade tumor cohorts. Both cohorts contained damaging, heterozygous germline variants (catenin β1; notch receptor 1 and 4) in pathways associated with cell-lineage specification (WNT, NOTCH). Damaging, somatic KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase mutations were present in both cohorts, while somatic GNAS complex locus mutations were confined to low-grade neoplasms. Variants predominantly affected transcription factors, kinases, and stem cell signaling molecules in canonical pathways including epithelial to mesenchymal transition, stem cell pluripotency, p53, PTEN, and NF-қB signaling pathways. High-grade tumors demonstrated MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (MYC) and death domain associated protein (DAXX) amplification and damaging somatic variants in tumor protein p53 (TP53), likely to amplify an aggressive phenotype. Damaging APC, WNT signaling pathway regulator (APC) deletions were identified in metastatic tissue of both cohorts suggesting a role in invasive disease. Our data suggest that germline dysregulation of WNT and/or NOTCH pathways predisposes patients toward a secretory cell phenotype (i.e., goblet-like cells) upon acquisition of somatic KRAS mutations. Additional somatically acquired variants activating oncogenes MYC and DAXX and inhibiting the critical tumor suppressor, tumor protein TP53, were consistent with manifestation of a high-grade phenotype. These additional changes within the epithelial to mesenchymal transition signaling network (WNT, NOTCH, RAS/ERK/PI3K, PTEN, NF-қB), produce aggressive high-grade tumor characteristics by actively driving cells towards dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration.
Collapse
|
59
|
Daulagala AC, Bridges MC, Kourtidis A. E-cadherin Beyond Structure: A Signaling Hub in Colon Homeostasis and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2756. [PMID: 31195621 PMCID: PMC6600153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is the core component of epithelial adherens junctions, essential for tissue development, differentiation, and maintenance. It is also fundamental for tissue barrier formation, a critical function of epithelial tissues. The colon or large intestine is lined by an epithelial monolayer that encompasses an E-cadherin-dependent barrier, critical for the homeostasis of the organ. Compromised barriers of the colonic epithelium lead to inflammation, fibrosis, and are commonly observed in colorectal cancer. In addition to its architectural role, E-cadherin is also considered a tumor suppressor in the colon, primarily a result of its opposing function to Wnt signaling, the predominant driver of colon tumorigenesis. Beyond these well-established traditional roles, several studies have portrayed an evolving role of E-cadherin as a signaling epicenter that regulates cell behavior in response to intra- and extra-cellular cues. Intriguingly, these recent findings also reveal tumor-promoting functions of E-cadherin in colon tumorigenesis and new interacting partners, opening future avenues of investigation. In this Review, we focus on these emerging aspects of E-cadherin signaling, and we discuss their implications in colon biology and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Daulagala
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Mary Catherine Bridges
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Antonis Kourtidis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Shin S, Son Y, Liu KH, Kang W, Oh S. Cytotoxic activity of broussochalcone a against colon and liver cancer cells by promoting destruction complex-independent β-catenin degradation. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110550. [PMID: 31163223 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of β-catenin-response transcription (CRT) is a well-recognized characteristic of colorectal and liver cancers and thus a potential therapeutic target for these malignancies. Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry) has been used as a herbal medicine to treat various diseases. Using a sensitive cell-based screening system, we identified broussochalcone A (BCA), a prenylated chalcone isolated from Broussonetia papyrifera, as an antagonist of CRT. BCA accelerated the turnover of intracellular β-catenin that was accompanied by its N-terminal phosphorylation at Ser33/37/Thr41 residues, marking it for ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β could not abrogate BCA-mediated degradation of β-catenin. BCA decreased the intracellular β-catenin levels in colon and liver cancer cells with mutations in β-catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli, and Axin. BCA repressed the expressions of cyclin D1, c-Myc, and Axin2, which are β-catenin/T-cell factor-dependent genes, and thus decreased the viability of colon and liver cancer cell. Moreover, apoptosis was elicited by BCA, as indicated by the increase in the population of Annexin V-FITC positive cells and caspase-3/7 activities in colon and liver cancer cells. These findings indicate that BCA exerts its cytotoxic effects by promoting phosphorylation/ubiquitin-dependent degradation of β-catenin and may potentially serve as a chemopreventive agent for colonrectal and liver cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sora Shin
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Younglim Son
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonku Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang Univsersity, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangtaek Oh
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Shin W, Hinojosa CD, Ingber DE, Kim HJ. Human Intestinal Morphogenesis Controlled by Transepithelial Morphogen Gradient and Flow-Dependent Physical Cues in a Microengineered Gut-on-a-Chip. iScience 2019; 15:391-406. [PMID: 31108394 PMCID: PMC6526295 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We leveraged a human gut-on-a-chip (Gut Chip) microdevice that enables independent control of fluid flow and mechanical deformations to explore how physical cues and morphogen gradients influence intestinal morphogenesis. Both human intestinal Caco-2 and intestinal organoid-derived primary epithelial cells formed three-dimensional (3D) villi-like microarchitecture when exposed to apical and basal fluid flow; however, 3D morphogenesis did not occur and preformed villi-like structure involuted when basal flow was ceased. When cells were cultured in static Transwells, similar morphogenesis could be induced by removing or diluting the basal medium. Computational simulations and experimental studies revealed that the establishment of a transepithelial gradient of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 and flow-induced regulation of the Frizzled-9 receptor mediate the histogenesis. Computational simulations also predicted spatial growth patterns of 3D epithelial morphology observed experimentally in the Gut Chip. A microengineered Gut Chip may be useful for studies analyzing stem cell biology and tissue development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woojung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Christopher D Hinojosa
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Moon JH, Hong SW, Kim JE, Shin JS, Kim JS, Jung SA, Ha SH, Lee S, Kim J, Lee DH, Park YS, Kim DM, Park SS, Hong JK, Kim DY, Kim EH, Jung J, Kim MJ, Kim SM, Deming DA, Kim K, Kim TW, Jin DH. Targeting β-catenin overcomes MEK inhibition resistance in colon cancer with KRAS and PIK3CA mutations. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:941-951. [PMID: 30944457 PMCID: PMC6734664 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MEK 1/2) are central components of the RAS signalling pathway and are attractive targets for cancer therapy. These agents continue to be investigated in KRAS mutant colon cancer but are met with significant resistance. Clinical investigations have demonstrated that these strategies are not well tolerated by patients. Methods We investigated a biomarker of response for MEK inhibition in KRAS mutant colon cancers by LC-MS/MS analysis. We tested the MEK inhibitor in PIK3CA wild(wt) and mutant(mt) colon cancer cells. In addition, we tested the combinational effects of MEK and TNKS inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. Results We identified β-catenin, a key mediator of the WNT pathway, in response to MEK inhibitor. MEK inhibition led to a decrease in β-catenin in PIK3CA wt colon cancer cells but not in mt. Tumour regression was promoted by combination of MEK inhibition and NVP-TNS656, which targets the WNT pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of MEK promoted tumour regression in colon cancer patient-derived xenograft models expressing PIK3CA wt. Conclusions We propose that inhibition of the WNT pathway, particularly β-catenin, may bypass resistance to MEK inhibition in human PIK3CA mt colon cancer. Therefore, we suggest that β-catenin is a potential predictive marker of MEK inhibitor resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Hee Moon
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sik Shin
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-A Jung
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Ha
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hee Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Park
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Kim
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Park
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ki Hong
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyee Jung
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mi Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dustin A Deming
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Convergence Medicine Research Center/Biomedical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Hoon Jin
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medical Sicence, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Calvo N, Carriere P, Martín MJ, Gigola G, Gentili C. PTHrP treatment of colon cancer cells promotes tumor associated-angiogenesis by the effect of VEGF. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 483:50-63. [PMID: 30639585 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We showed that Parathyroid Hormone-related Peptide (PTHrP) induces proliferation, migration, survival and chemoresistance via MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The objective of this study was to investigate if PTHrP is also involved in tumor angiogenesis. PTHrP increased VEGF expression and the number of structures with characteristics of neoformed vessels in xenografts tumor. Also, PTHrP increased mRNA levels of VEGF, HIF-1α and MMP-9 via ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways in Caco-2 and HCT116 cells. Tumor conditioned media (TCMs) from both cell lines treated with PTHrP increases the number of cells, the migration and the tube formation in the endothelial HMEC-1 cells, whereas the neutralizing antibody against VEGF diminished this response. In contrast, PTHrP by direct treatment only increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and the HMEC-1 cells number. These results provide the first evidence related to the mode of action of PTHrP that leads to its proangiogenic effects in the CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Calvo
- Dept. Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia-INBIOSUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Pedro Carriere
- Dept. Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia-INBIOSUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María Julia Martín
- Dept. Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia-INBIOSUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Graciela Gigola
- Dept. Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- Dept. Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia-INBIOSUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Mylavarapu S, Kumar H, Kumari S, Sravanthi LS, Jain M, Basu A, Biswas M, Mylavarapu SVS, Das A, Roy M. Activation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Altered β-Catenin Signaling in a Novel Indian Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line. Front Oncol 2019; 9:54. [PMID: 30828563 PMCID: PMC6385509 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The upward trend in incidence and mortality rates, poor sensitivity to conventional therapies and a dearth of early diagnostic parameters pose a huge challenge in the management of colorectal cancer in India. Due to the high level of genetic diversity present in the Indian population, unraveling the genetic contributions toward pathogenesis is key for understanding the etiology of colorectal cancer and in reversing this trend. We have established a novel cell line, MBC02, from an Indian colorectal cancer patient and have carried out extensive molecular characterization to unravel the pathological alterations in this cell line. In-depth molecular analysis of MBC02 revealed suppression of E-cadherin expression, concomitant with overexpression of EMT related molecules, which manifested in the form of highly migratory and invasive cells. Loss of membrane-tethered E-cadherin released β-catenin from the adherens junction resulting in its cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation and consequently, upregulation of c-Myc. MBC02 also showed dramatic transcriptional upregulation of β-catenin. Remarkably, we observed significantly elevated proteasome activity that perhaps co-evolved to compensate for the unnaturally high mRNA level of β-catenin to regulate the increased protein load. In addition, there was substantial misregulation of other clinically relevant signaling pathways that have clinical relevance in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Our findings pave the way toward understanding the molecular differences that could define pathogenesis in cancers originating in the Indian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Mylavarapu
- Invictus Oncology Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Kumar
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India.,School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | | | - Misti Jain
- Division of Cancer Biology, MITRARxDx India Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Aninda Basu
- Division of Cancer Biology, MITRARxDx India Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Manjusha Biswas
- Department of Molecular Pathology, MITRARxDx India Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India.,School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Monideepa Roy
- Invictus Oncology Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.,India Innovation Research Center, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
De Bessa TC, Pagano A, Moretti AIS, Oliveira PVS, Mendonça SA, Kovacic H, Laurindo FRM. Subverted regulation of Nox1 NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidant generation by protein disulfide isomerase A1 in colon carcinoma cells with overactivated KRas. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:143. [PMID: 30760703 PMCID: PMC6374413 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases including PDIA1 are implicated in cancer progression, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. PDIA1 is known to support vascular Nox1 NADPH oxidase expression/activation. Since deregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production underlies tumor growth, we proposed that PDIA1 is an upstream regulator of tumor-associated ROS. We focused on colorectal cancer (CRC) with distinct KRas activation levels. Analysis of RNAseq databanks and direct validation indicated enhanced PDIA1 expression in CRC with constitutive high (HCT116) vs. moderate (HKE3) and basal (Caco2) Ras activity. PDIA1 supported Nox1-dependent superoxide production in CRC; however, we first reported a dual effect correlated with Ras-level activity: in Caco2 and HKE3 cells, loss-of-function experiments indicate that PDIA1 sustains Nox1-dependent superoxide production, while in HCT116 cells PDIA1 restricted superoxide production, a behavior associated with increased Rac1 expression/activity. Transfection of Rac1G12V active mutant into HKE3 cells induced PDIA1 to become restrictive of Nox1-dependent superoxide, while in HCT116 cells treated with Rac1 inhibitor, PDIA1 became supportive of superoxide. PDIA1 silencing promoted diminished cell proliferation and migration in HKE3, not detectable in HCT116 cells. Screening of cell signaling routes affected by PDIA1 silencing highlighted GSK3β and Stat3. Also, E-cadherin expression after PDIA1 silencing was decreased in HCT116, consistent with PDIA1 support of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, Ras overactivation switches the pattern of PDIA1-dependent Rac1/Nox1 regulation, so that Ras-induced PDIA1 bypass can directly activate Rac1. PDIA1 may be a crucial regulator of redox-dependent adaptive processes related to cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiphany Coralie De Bessa
- LIM 64, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin - 13385 Marseille CEDEX 5-France, Marseille, France
| | - Alessandra Pagano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin - 13385 Marseille CEDEX 5-France, Marseille, France
| | - Ana Iochabel Soares Moretti
- LIM 64, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Percillia Victoria Santos Oliveira
- LIM 64, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samir Andrade Mendonça
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia do Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (Icesp), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Herve Kovacic
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin - 13385 Marseille CEDEX 5-France, Marseille, France.
| | - Francisco Rafael Martins Laurindo
- LIM 64, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Park M, Kwon HJ, Kim SH. Homoharringtonine Induces Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Carcinoma HCT116 Cells Via Downregulation of Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling Cascade. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikyung Park
- Innovative Target Research Center, Bio & Drug Discovery DivisionKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
- Chemical Genomics GRL, Department of BiotechnologyYonsei University, College of Life Science & Biotechnology Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Chemical Genomics GRL, Department of BiotechnologyYonsei University, College of Life Science & Biotechnology Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Innovative Target Research Center, Bio & Drug Discovery DivisionKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
An immunohistochemical approach to detect oncogenic CTNNB1 mutations in primary neoplastic tissues. J Transl Med 2019; 99:128-137. [PMID: 30177831 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is dysregulated in different types of neoplasms including colorectal cancer (CRC). Aberrant activation of this signaling pathway is a key early event in the development of colorectal neoplasms, and is mainly caused by loss of function mutations in Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC), and less frequently by β-catenin stabilization mutations via missense or interstitial genomic deletions in CTNNB1. In this study, we have defined an immunohistochemical algorithm to dissect Wnt pathway alterations in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded neoplastic tissues. Basically, consecutive sections of tumor specimens were stained by immunohistochemistry with two different monoclonal antibodies against β-catenin: one (anti-active β-catenin antibody) recognizes hypo-phosphorylated β-catenin and the other recognizes the total pool of β-catenin. We validated the strategy in the HCT116 CRC cell line which has an in-frame deletion of β-catenin serine 45, and then studied human tumor microarrays containing colon adenomas, CRCs, solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas as well as the whole tissue sections of CRCs, desmoid fibromatosis, and pilomatrixoma of the skin. In some tumors, we found strong β-catenin cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining with the total β-catenin antibody but no staining with the anti-active β-catenin antibody. This was inferred to be an altered/mutant β-catenin staining pattern. All six colon adenomas of the 126 total adenomas studied for the altered/mutant β-catenin staining pattern had presumptively pathogenic point mutations or deletions in CTNNB1. Four of 10 CRCs with the alterated/mutant β-catenin staining pattern studied in depth, from 181 total CRCs from tissue microarray, had pathogenic CTNNB1 mutations. The frequencies of CTNNB1 alterations in non-colonic tumors with altered/mutant β-catenin staining ranged between 46 and 100%. Our results demonstrate that the immunohistochemical approach described here can detect oncogenic forms of β-catenin in primary tissue samples and can also highlight other tumors with presumptive novel defects activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
|
68
|
Stylianou M, Björnsdotter MK, Olsson PE, Ericson Jogsten I, Jass J. Distinct transcriptional response of Caenorhabditis elegans to different exposure routes of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:406-413. [PMID: 30388497 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although people are exposed daily to per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs), the biological consequences are poorly explored. The health risks associated with PFAS exposure are currently based on chemical analysis with a weak correlation to potential harmful effects in man and animals. In this study, we show that perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), often the most enriched PFAS in the environment, can be transferred via bacteria to higher organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans nematodes were exposed to PFOS directly in buffer or by feeding on bacteria pretreated with PFOS, and this led to distinct gene expression profiles. Specifically, heavy metal and heat shock associated genes were significantly, although inversely, expressed following the different PFOS exposures. The innate immunity receptor for microbial pathogens, clec-60, was shown for the first time to be down-regulated by PFOS. This is in line with a previous study indicating that PFOS is associated with children's susceptibility to certain infectious diseases. Furthermore, bar-1, a gene associated with various cancers was highly up-regulated only when C. elegans were exposed to PFOS pretreated live bacteria. Furthermore, dead bacterial biomass had higher binding capacity for linear and isomeric PFOS than live bacteria, which correlated to the higher levels of PFOS detected in C. elegans when fed the treated E. coli, respectively. These results reveal new aspects concerning trophic chain transport of PFOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marios Stylianou
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Sweden
| | - Maria K Björnsdotter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Sweden
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Ericson Jogsten
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Sweden
| | - Jana Jass
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Martín MJ, Gigola G, Zwenger A, Carriquiriborde M, Gentil F, Gentili C. Potential therapeutic targets for growth arrest of colorectal cancer cells exposed to PTHrP. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 478:32-44. [PMID: 30009852 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although PTHrP is implicated in several cancers, its role in chemoresistance is not fully elucidated. We found that in CRC cells, PTHrP exerts proliferative and protective effects and induces cell migration. The aim of this work was to further study the effects of PTHrP in CRC cells. Herein we evidenced, for the first time, that PTHrP induces resistance to CPT-11 in Caco-2 and HCT116 cells; although both cell lines responded to the drug through different molecular mechanisms, the chemoresistance by PTHrP in these models is mediated through ERK, which in turn is activated by PCK, Src and Akt. Moreover, continue administration of PTHrP in nude mice xenografts increased the protein levels of this MAPK and of other markers related to tumorigenic events. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to ERK 1/2 activation and the study of ERK targets may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for CRC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Martín
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Dept. Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Graciela Gigola
- Dept. Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ariel Zwenger
- Dept. de Oncología, Hospital Provincial de Neuquén, Neuquén, Argentina
| | | | - Florencia Gentil
- Fac. de Cs. Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Dept. Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Luo CW, Hsiao IL, Wang JY, Wu CC, Hung WC, Lin YH, Chen TY, Hsu YC, Cheng TL, Pan MR. Cell Motility Facilitated by Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate via Activation of the AKT-β-Catenin-IL-8 Axis in Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9635-9644. [PMID: 30188700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer that is widely used in many consumer products and medical devices. Humans can be exposed to DEHP through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal absorption. Previous studies on DEHP have focused on its role as an endocrine-disrupting chemical leading to endocrine-related diseases. However, the correlation between DEHP exposure and the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), an active metabolite of DEHP, on the progression of CRC. Our results showed that treatment with MEHP enriched the population of cancer-stem-cell (CSC)-like cells and upregulated IL-8 expression by inducing the AKT-β-catenin-TCF4 signaling pathway. Blocking β-catenin-TCF4-mediated IL-8 expression reversed the MEHP-induced migration and enrichment of CSC-like cells. Consistent with the in vitro data, DEHP treatment increased the levels of nuclear β-catenin, polyp formation, and invasive adenocarcinoma in a mouse model. Our results suggest that MEHP facilitates the progression of CRC through AKT-β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wen Luo
- Division of Cardiology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center , Kaohsiung 833 , Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Number 100, Tzyou First Road , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Number 100, Tzyou First Road , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research , National Health Research Institutes , Tainan 704 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Number 100, Tzyou First Road , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Number 100, Tzyou First Road , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chou Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Number 100, Tzyou First Road , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine , E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung 824 , Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences , National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung 804 , Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Number 100, Tzyou First Road , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Abstract
There have been many attempts to unveil the therapeutic potential of antisense molecules during the last decade. Due to its specific role in canonical Wnt signalling, β-catenin is a potential target for an antisense-based antitumour therapy. In order to establish such a strategy with peptide nucleic acids, we developed a reporter assay for quantification of antisense effects. The luciferase-based assay detects splice blocking with high sensitivity. Using this assay, we show that the splice donor of exon 13 of β-catenin is particularly suitable for an antisense strategy, as it results in a truncated protein which lacks transactivating functions. Since the truncated proteins retain the interactions with Tcf/Lef proteins, they act in a dominant negative fashion competing with wild-type proteins and thus blocking the transcriptional activity of β-catenin. Furthermore, we show that the truncation does not interfere with binding of cadherin and α-catenin, both essential for its function in cell adhesion. Therefore, the antisense strategy blocks Wnt signalling with high efficiency but retains other important functions of β-catenin.
Collapse
|
72
|
Chow HY, Dong B, Valencia CA, Zeng CT, Koch JN, Prudnikova TY, Chernoff J. Group I Paks are essential for epithelial- mesenchymal transition in an Apc-driven model of colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3473. [PMID: 30150766 PMCID: PMC6110733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
p21-activated kinases (Paks) play an important role in oncogenic signaling pathways and have been considered as potential therapeutic targets in various cancers. Most studies of Pak function employ gene knock-out or knock-down methods, but these approaches result in loss of both enzymatic and scaffolding properties of these proteins, and thus may not reflect the effects of small molecule inhibitors. Here we use a transgenic mouse model in which a specific peptide inhibitor of Group I Paks is conditionally expressed in response to Cre recombinase. Using this model, we show that inhibition of endogenous Paks impedes the transition of adenoma to carcinoma in an Apc-driven mouse model of colorectal cancer. These effects are mediated by inhibition of Wnt signaling through reduced β-catenin activity as well as suppression of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition program mediated by miR-200 and Snai1. These results highlight the potential therapeutic role of Pak1 inhibitors in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Y Chow
- Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - B Dong
- Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C A Valencia
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - C T Zeng
- Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J N Koch
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - T Y Prudnikova
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - J Chernoff
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Prossomariti A, Piazzi G, D'Angelo L, Miccoli S, Turchetti D, Alquati C, Montagna C, Bazzoli F, Ricciardiello L. miR-155 Is Downregulated in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Modulates WNT Signaling by Targeting AXIN1 and TCF4. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1965-1976. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
74
|
Inoue M, Uchida Y, Edagawa M, Hirata M, Mitamura J, Miyamoto D, Taketani K, Sekine S, Kawauchi J, Kitajima S. The stress response gene ATF3 is a direct target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inhibits the invasion and migration of HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194160. [PMID: 29966001 PMCID: PMC6028230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling is implicated in tumorigenesis and the progression of human colorectal cancers, and mutations in the components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway are observed in the majority of patients. Therefore, extensive studies on the Wnt signaling pathway and its target genes are crucial to understand the molecular events of tumorigenesis and develop an efficacious therapy. In this study, we showed that the stress response gene ATF3 is transcriptionally activated by the binding of β-catenin and TCF4 to the redundant TCF4 site at the proximal promoter region of the ATF3 gene, indicating that ATF3 is a direct target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The loss of function or overexpression studies showed that ATF3 inhibited the migration or invasion of HCT116 cells. The expression of some MMP and TIMP genes and the ratio of MMP2/9 to TIMP3/4 mRNAs was differentially regulated by ATF3. Therefore, though ATF3 is activated downstream of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, it acts as a negative regulator of the migration and invasion of HCT116 human colon cancer cells exhibiting aberrant Wnt/β-catenin activity. ATF3 is a candidate biomarker and target for human colorectal cancer treatment and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Inoue
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Uchida
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Edagawa
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Manabu Hirata
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Mitamura
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Taketani
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sekine
- Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Kawauchi
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Kitajima
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
β-Catenin gene promoter hypermethylation by reactive oxygen species correlates with the migratory and invasive potentials of colon cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:569-580. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
76
|
Lee H, Kim N, Yoo YJ, Kim H, Jeong E, Choi S, Moon SU, Oh SH, Mills GB, Yoon S, Kim WY. β-catenin/TCF activity regulates IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitivity in colon cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:5466-5475. [PMID: 29895971 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The availability of large-scale drug screening data on cell line panels provides a unique opportunity to identify predictive biomarkers for targeted drug efficacy. Analysis of diverse drug data on ~990 cancer cell lines revealed enhanced sensitivity of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor/ Insulin Receptor (IGF-1R/IR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in colon cancer cells. Interestingly, β-catenin/TCF(T cell factor)-responsive promoter activity exhibited a significant positive association with IGF-1R/IR TKI response, while the mutational status of direct upstream genes, such as CTNNB1 and APC, was not significantly associated with the response. The β-catenin/TCF activity high cell lines express components of IGF-1R/IR signaling more than the low cell lines explaining their enhanced sensitivity against IGF-1R/IR TKI. Reinforcing β-catenin/TCF responsive promoter activity by introducing CTNNB1 gain-of-function mutations into IGF-1R/IR TKI-resistant cells increased the expression and activity of IGF-1R/IR signaling components and also sensitized the cells to IGF-1R/IR TKIs in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of TCGA data revealed that the stronger β-catenin/TCF responsive promoter activity was associated with higher IGF-1R and IGF2 transcription in human colon cancer specimens as well. Collectively, compared to the mutational status of upstream genes, β-catenin/TCF responsive promoter activity has potential to be a stronger predictive positive biomarker for IGF-1R/IR TKI responses in colon cancer cells. The present study highlights the potential of transcriptional activity as therapeutic biomarkers for targeted therapies, overcoming the limited ability of upstream genetic mutations to predict responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani Lee
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.,Center for Advanced Bioinformatics & Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics & Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ji Yoo
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.,Center for Advanced Bioinformatics & Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.,Center for Advanced Bioinformatics & Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna Jeong
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics & Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - SeokGyeong Choi
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.,Center for Advanced Bioinformatics & Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Un Moon
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics & Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sukjoon Yoon
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics & Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Young Kim
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Advanced Bioinformatics & Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Alaee M, Nool K, Pasdar M. Plakoglobin restores tumor suppressor activity of p53 R175H mutant by sequestering the oncogenic potential of β-catenin. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1876-1888. [PMID: 29660231 PMCID: PMC5989865 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor/transcription factor p53 is mutated in over 50% of all cancers. Some mutant p53 proteins have not only lost tumor suppressor activities but they also gain oncogenic functions (GOF). One of the most frequently expressed GOF p53 mutants is Arg175His (p53R175H ) with well-documented roles in cancer development and progression. Plakoglobin is a cell adhesion and signaling protein and a paralog of β-catenin. Unlike β-catenin that has oncogenic function through its role in the Wnt pathway, plakoglobin generally acts as a tumor/metastasis suppressor. We have shown that plakoglobin interacted with wild type and a number of p53 mutants in various carcinoma cell lines. Plakoglobin and mutant p53 interacted with the promoter and regulated the expression of several p53 target genes. Furthermore, plakoglobin interactions with p53 mutants restored their tumor suppressor/metastasis activities in vitro. GOF p53 mutants induce accumulation and oncogenic activation of β-catenin. Previously, we showed that one mechanism by which plakoglobin may suppress tumorigenesis is by sequestering β-catenin's oncogenic activity. Here, we examined the effects of p53R175H expression on β-catenin accumulation and transcriptional activation and their modifications by plakoglobin coexpression. We showed that p53R175H expression in plakoglobin null cells increased total and nuclear levels of β-catenin and its transcriptional activity. Coexpression of plakoglobin in these cells promoted β-catenin's proteasomal degradation, and decreased its nuclear levels and transactivation. Wnt/β-catenin targets, c-MYC and S100A4 were upregulated in p53R175H cells and were downregulated when plakoglobin was coexpressed. Plakoglobin-p53R175H cells also showed significant reduction in their migration and invasion in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Alaee
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Kristina Nool
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Manijeh Pasdar
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Karim ME, Tha KK, Othman I, Borhan Uddin M, Chowdhury EH. Therapeutic Potency of Nanoformulations of siRNAs and shRNAs in Animal Models of Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E65. [PMID: 29861465 PMCID: PMC6026921 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA Interference (RNAi) has brought revolutionary transformations in cancer management in the past two decades. RNAi-based therapeutics including siRNA and shRNA have immense scope to silence the expression of mutant cancer genes specifically in a therapeutic context. Although tremendous progress has been made to establish catalytic RNA as a new class of biologics for cancer management, a lot of extracellular and intracellular barriers still pose a long-lasting challenge on the way to clinical approval. A series of chemically suitable, safe and effective viral and non-viral carriers have emerged to overcome physiological barriers and ensure targeted delivery of RNAi. The newly invented carriers, delivery techniques and gene editing technology made current treatment protocols stronger to fight cancer. This review has provided a platform about the chronicle of siRNA development and challenges of RNAi therapeutics for laboratory to bedside translation focusing on recent advancement in siRNA delivery vehicles with their limitations. Furthermore, an overview of several animal model studies of siRNA- or shRNA-based cancer gene therapy over the past 15 years has been presented, highlighting the roles of genes in multiple cancers, pharmacokinetic parameters and critical evaluation. The review concludes with a future direction for the development of catalytic RNA vehicles and design strategies to make RNAi-based cancer gene therapy more promising to surmount cancer gene delivery challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Emranul Karim
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kyi Kyi Tha
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Borhan Uddin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Kim MS, Cho HI, Yoon HJ, Ahn YH, Park EJ, Jin YH, Jang YK. JIB-04, A Small Molecule Histone Demethylase Inhibitor, Selectively Targets Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells by Inhibiting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6611. [PMID: 29700375 PMCID: PMC5919936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several epigenetic modulating drugs are suggested to target cancer stem cells (CSCs), additional identification of anti-CSC drugs is still necessary. Here we showed that JIB-04, a pan-selective inhibitor of histone demethylase(s), was identified as a small molecule that selectively target colorectal CSCs. Our data showed that JIB-04 is capable of reducing self-renewal and stemness of colorectal CSCs in three different colorectal cancer cell lines. JIB-04 significantly attenuated CSC tumorsphere formation, growth/relapse, invasion, and migration in vitro. Furthermore, JIB-04-treated colorectal cancer cells showed reduced tumorigenic activity in vivo. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that JIB-04 affected various cancer-related signaling pathways, especially Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is crucial for the proliferation and maintenance of colorectal cancer cells. qRT-PCR and TOP/FOP flash luciferase assays showed that JIB-04 down-regulated the expression of Wnt/β-catenin-regulated target genes associated with colorectal CSC function. Overall, the effects of JIB-04 were equal to or greater than those of salinomycin, a known anti-colorectal CSC drug, despite the lower concentration of JIB-04 compared with that of salinomycin. Our results strongly suggest that JIB-04 is a promising drug candidate for colorectal cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Seong Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Initiative for Biological Function & Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye In Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Initiative for Biological Function & Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Yoon
- Immunotherapeutics Branch, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Ye-Hyeon Ahn
- Immunotherapeutics Branch, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Immunotherapeutics Branch, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Yan Hua Jin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Yeun Kyu Jang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Initiative for Biological Function & Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Coant N, García-Barros M, Zhang Q, Obeid LM, Hannun YA. AKT as a key target for growth promoting functions of neutral ceramidase in colon cancer cells. Oncogene 2018; 37:3852-3863. [PMID: 29662189 PMCID: PMC6041258 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the field, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Research into bioactive sphingolipids over the past two decades has played an important role in increasing our understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutics of CRC. In the complex metabolic network of sphingolipids, ceramidases (CDases) have a key function. These enzymes hydrolyze ceramides into sphingosine (SPH) which in turn is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinases (SK) 1 and 2 to generate sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P). Importantly, we have recently shown that inhibition of neutral CDase (nCDase) induces an increase of ceramide in colon cancer cells which decreases cellular growth, increases apoptosis and modulates the WNT/β-catenin pathway. We have also shown that the deletion of nCDase protected mice from the onset and progression of colorectal cancer in the AOM carcinogen model. Here we demonstrate that AKT is a key target for the growth suppressing functions of ceramide. The results show that inhibition of nCDase activates GSK3β through dephosphorylation, and thus is required for the subsequent phosphorylation and degradation of β-catenin. Our findings show that inhibition of nCDase also inhibits the basal activation status of AKT, and we further establish that a constitutively active AKT (AKT T308D, S473D; AKTDD) reverses the effect of nCDase on β-catenin degradation. Functionally, the AKTDD mutant is able to overcome the growth suppressive effects of nCDase inhibition in CRC cells. Moreover, nCDase inhibition induces a growth delay of xenograft tumors from control cells, whereas xenograft tumors from constitutively active AKT cells become resistant to nCDase inhibition. Taken together, these results provide important mechanistic insight into how nCDase regulates cell proliferation. These findings demonstrate a heretofore unappreciated, but critical, role for nCDase in enabling/maintaining basal activation of AKT and also suggest that nCDase is a suitable novel target for colon cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Coant
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Qifeng Zhang
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Zhang M, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Guo W, Ji H. Structure-Based Optimization of Small-Molecule Inhibitors for the β-Catenin/B-Cell Lymphoma 9 Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2989-3007. [PMID: 29566337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Structure-based optimization was conducted to improve the potency, selectivity, and cell-based activities of β-catenin/B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9) inhibitors based on the 4'-fluoro- N-phenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide scaffold, which was designed to mimic the side chains of the hydrophobic α-helical hot spots at positions i, i + 3, and i + 7. Compound 29 was found to disrupt the β-catenin/BCL9 protein-protein interaction (PPI) with a Ki of 0.47 μM and >1900-fold selectivity for β-catenin/BCL9 over β-catenin/E-cadherin PPIs. The proposed binding mode of new inhibitors was consistent with the results of site-directed mutagenesis and structure-activity relationship studies. Cell-based studies indicated that 29 disrupted the β-catenin/BCL9 interaction without affecting the β-catenin/E-cadherin interaction, selectively suppressed transactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, downregulated expression of Wnt target genes, and inhibited viability of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent cancer cells in dose-dependent manners. A comparison of the biochemical and cell-based assay results offered the directions for future inhibitor optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Wenxing Guo
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Haitao Ji
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
β-catenin knockdown promotes NHERF1-mediated survival of colorectal cancer cells: implications for a double-targeted therapy. Oncogene 2018; 37:3301-3316. [PMID: 29551770 PMCID: PMC6002344 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear activated β-catenin plays a causative role in colorectal cancers (CRC) but remains an elusive therapeutic target. Using human CRC cells harboring different Wnt/β-catenin pathway mutations in APC/KRAS or β-catenin/KRAS genes, and both genetic and pharmacological knockdown approaches, we show that oncogenic β-catenin signaling negatively regulates the expression of NHERF1 (Na+/H+ exchanger 3 regulating factor 1), a PDZ-adaptor protein that is usually lost or downregulated in early dysplastic adenomas to exacerbate nuclear β-catenin activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated that β-catenin represses NHERF1 via TCF4 directly, while the association between TCF1 and the Nherf1 promoter increased upon β-catenin knockdown. To note, the occurrence of a cytostatic survival response in settings of single β-catenin-depleted CRC cells was abrogated by combining NHERF1 inhibition via small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or RS5517, a novel PDZ1-domain ligand of NHERF1 that prevented its ectopic nuclear entry. Mechanistically, dual NHERF1/β-catenin targeting promoted an autophagy-to-apoptosis switch consistent with the activation of Caspase-3, the cleavage of PARP and reduced levels of phospho-ERK1/2, Beclin-1, and Rab7 autophagic proteins compared with β-catenin knockdown alone. Collectively, our data unveil novel β-catenin/TCF-dependent mechanisms of CRC carcinogenesis, also offering preclinical proof of concept for combining β-catenin and NHERF1 pharmacological inhibitors as a mechanism-based strategy to augment apoptotic death of CRC cells refractory to current Wnt/β-catenin-targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
|
83
|
Hu Z, Shi Z, Guo X, Jiang B, Wang G, Luo D, Chen Y, Zhu YS. Ligase IV inhibitor SCR7 enhances gene editing directed by CRISPR-Cas9 and ssODN in human cancer cells. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:12. [PMID: 29468011 PMCID: PMC5819182 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Precise genome editing is essential for both basic and translational research. The recently developed CRISPR/Cas9 system can specifically cleave a designated site of target gene to create a DNA double-strand break, which triggers cellular DNA repair mechanism of either inaccurate non-homologous end joining, or site-specific homologous recombination. Unfortunately, homology-directed repair (HDR) is challenging due to its very low efficiency. Herein, we focused on improving the efficiency of HDR using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9, eGFP, DNA ligase IV inhibitor SCR7, and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODN) in human cancer cells. Results When Cas9, gRNA and eGFP were assembled into a co-expression vector, the disruption rate more than doubled following GFP-positive cell sorting in transfected cells compared to those unsorted cells. Using ssODNs as templates, SCR7 treatment increased targeted insertion efficiency threefold in transfected cells compared to those without SCR7 treatment. Moreover, this combinatorial approach greatly improved the efficiency of HDR and targeted gene mutation correction at both the GFP-silent mutation and the β-catenin Ser45 deletion mutation cells. Conclusion The data of this study suggests that a combination of co-expression vector, ssODN, and ligase IV inhibitor can markedly improve the CRISPR/Cas9-directed gene editing, which should have significant application in targeted gene editing and genetic disease therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Hu
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China.,2Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-through Molecular Diagnosis Technology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, 432000 Hunan China
| | - Zhaoying Shi
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- 4Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 Guangdong China
| | - Baishan Jiang
- 5Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 Guangdong China
| | - Guo Wang
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
| | - Dixian Luo
- 2Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-through Molecular Diagnosis Technology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, 432000 Hunan China
| | - Yonglong Chen
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Yuan-Shan Zhu
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China.,6Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065 USA
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Islam SMA, Patel R, Acevedo-Duncan M. Protein Kinase C-ζ stimulates colorectal cancer cell carcinogenesis via PKC-ζ/Rac1/Pak1/β-Catenin signaling cascade. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:650-664. [PMID: 29408512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in the world and death from CRC accounts for 8% of all cancer deaths both in men and women in the United States. CRC is life-threatening disease due to therapy resistant cancerous cells. The exact mechanisms of cell growth, survival, metastasis and inter & intracellular signaling pathways involved in CRC is still a significant challenge. Hence, investigating the signaling pathways that lead to colon carcinogenesis may give insight into the therapeutic target. In this study, the role of atypical Protein Kinase C (aPKC) on CRC was investigated by using two inhibitors of that protein class: 1) ζ-Stat (8-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid) is a specific inhibitor of PKC-ζ and 2) ICA-I 5-amino-1-(2,3-dihydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide) is a specific inhibitor of PKC-ι. The cell lines tested were CCD18CO normal colon epithelial and LOVO metastatic CRC cells. The inhibition of aPKCs did not bring any significant toxicity on CCD18CO normal colon cell line. Although PKC-ι is an oncogene in many cancers, we found the overexpression of PKC-ζ and its direct association with Rac1. Our findings suggest that the PKC-ζ may be responsible for the abnormal growth, proliferation, and migration of metastatic LOVO colon cancer cells via PKC-ζ/Rac1/Pak1/β-Catenin pathway. These results suggest the possibility of utilizing PKC-ζ inhibitor to block CRC cells growth, proliferation, and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Anisul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Rekha Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Mildred Acevedo-Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Chou YT, Jiang JK, Yang MH, Lu JW, Lin HK, Wang HD, Yuh CH. Identification of a noncanonical function for ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A promotes colorectal cancer formation by stabilizing and activating β-catenin via a novel C-terminal domain. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2003714. [PMID: 29337987 PMCID: PMC5786329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancers. Deregulation of ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A (RPIA) in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is known to promote tumorigenesis in liver, lung, and breast tissues. Yet, the molecular mechanism of RPIA-mediated colorectal cancer (CRC) is unknown. Our study demonstrates a noncanonical function of RPIA in CRC. Data from the mRNAs of 80 patients’ CRC tissues and paired nontumor tissues and protein levels, as well as a CRC tissue array, indicate RPIA is significantly elevated in CRC. RPIA modulates cell proliferation and oncogenicity via activation of β-catenin in colon cancer cell lines. Unlike its role in PPP in which RPIA functions within the cytosol, RPIA enters the nucleus to form a complex with the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and β-catenin. This association protects β-catenin by preventing its phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and subsequent degradation. The C-terminus of RPIA (amino acids 290 to 311), a region distinct from its enzymatic domain, is necessary for RPIA-mediated tumorigenesis. Consistent with results in vitro, RPIA increases the expression of β-catenin and its target genes, and induces tumorigenesis in gut-specific promotor-carrying RPIA transgenic zebrafish. Together, we demonstrate a novel function of RPIA in CRC formation in which RPIA enters the nucleus and stabilizes β-catenin activity and suggests that RPIA might be a biomarker for targeted therapy and prognosis. The pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH, pentose, and ribose-5-phosphate by RPIA for nucleotide synthesis. Deregulation of RPIA is known to promote tumorigenesis in liver, lung, and breast tissues; however, the molecular mechanism of RPIA-mediated CRC is unknown. Here, we demonstrate a role of RPIA in CRC formation distinct from its role in these other tissues. We showed that RPIA is significantly elevated in CRC. RPIA increased cell proliferation and oncogenicity via activation of β-catenin, with RPIA entering the nucleus to form a complex with APC and β-catenin. Further investigation suggested that RPIA protects β-catenin by preventing its phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and subsequent degradation. In addition, the C-terminus of RPIA (amino acids 290 to 311), a portion of the protein not previously characterized, is necessary for RPIA-mediated tumorigenesis. Finally, we observed that transgenic expression of RPIA increases the expression of β-catenin and its target genes and induces tumorigenesis. Our findings suggest that RPIA can enter the nucleus and associate with APC/β-catenin, and suggest precise treatment of human CRC by targeting its nonenzymatic domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Kai Jiang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Wei Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Kuo Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Dar Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CHY); (HDW)
| | - Chiou-Hwa Yuh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CHY); (HDW)
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Miyamoto M, Hayashi T, Kawasaki Y, Akiyama T. Sp5 negatively regulates the proliferation of HCT116 cells by upregulating the transcription of p27. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:4005-4009. [PMID: 29456745 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in the majority of human colorectal tumors. β-catenin, a key component of the Wnt signaling pathway, interacts with the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor family of transcription factors and activates transcription of Wnt target genes. Sp5 is one of the Wnt target genes, and its expression is commonly upregulated in colon cancer cells. The present study demonstrates that the expression of Sp5 is not upregulated in the colon cancer cell line HCT116, in which Wnt signaling is constitutively activated. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that Sp5 has the potential to inhibit cell proliferation through upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27. These findings suggest that HCT116 cells downregulate Sp5 to avoid p27-mediated growth arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Robb CM, Kour S, Contreras JI, Agarwal E, Barger CJ, Rana S, Sonawane Y, Neilsen BK, Taylor M, Kizhake S, Thakare RN, Chowdhury S, Wang J, Black JD, Hollingsworth MA, Brattain MG, Natarajan A. Characterization of CDK(5) inhibitor, 20-223 (aka CP668863) for colorectal cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5216-5232. [PMID: 29435174 PMCID: PMC5797045 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in the United States. Currently, there are limited therapeutic options for patients suffering from CRC, none of which focus on the cell signaling mechanisms controlled by the popular kinase family, cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). Here we evaluate a Pfizer developed compound, CP668863, that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in neurodegenerative disorders. CDK5 has been implicated in a number of cancers, most recently as an oncogene in colorectal cancers. Our lab synthesized and characterized CP668863 - now called 20-223. In our established colorectal cancer xenograft model, 20-223 reduced tumor growth and tumor weight indicating its value as a potential anti-CRC agent. We subjected 20-223 to a series of cell-free and cell-based studies to understand the mechanism of its anti-tumor effects. In our hands, in vitro 20-223 is most potent against CDK2 and CDK5. The clinically used CDK inhibitor AT7519 and 20-223 share the aminopyrazole core and we used it to benchmark the 20-223 potency. In CDK5 and CDK2 kinase assays, 20-223 was ∼3.5-fold and ∼65.3-fold more potent than known clinically used CDK inhibitor, AT7519, respectively. Cell-based studies examining phosphorylation of downstream substrates revealed 20-223 inhibits the kinase activity of CDK5 and CDK2 in multiple CRC cell lines. Consistent with CDK5 inhibition, 20-223 inhibited migration of CRC cells in a wound-healing assay. Profiling a panel of CRC cell lines for growth inhibitory effects showed that 20-223 has nanomolar potency across multiple CRC cell lines and was on an average >2-fold more potent than AT7519. Cell cycle analyses in CRC cells revealed that 20-223 phenocopied the effects associated with AT7519. Collectively, these findings suggest that 20-223 exerts anti-tumor effects against CRC by targeting CDK 2/5 and inducing cell cycle arrest. Our studies also indicate that 20-223 is a suitable lead compound for colorectal cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Robb
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Smit Kour
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Jacob I Contreras
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Ekta Agarwal
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Carter J Barger
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Yogesh Sonawane
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Beth K Neilsen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Margaret Taylor
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Smitha Kizhake
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Rhishikesh N Thakare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Sanjib Chowdhury
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Jennifer D Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Michael G Brattain
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
miR-30e controls DNA damage-induced stress responses by modulating expression of the CDK inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 and caspase-3. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15915-29. [PMID: 26895377 PMCID: PMC4941286 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs that usually cause gene silencing by translational repression or degradation of mRNAs, are implicated in DNA damage-induced stress responses. To identify senescence-associated miRNAs, we performed microarray analyses using wild-type and p53-deficient HCT116 colon carcinoma cells that following gamma-irradiation (γIR) are driven into senescence and apoptosis, respectively. Several miRNAs including miR-30e were found upregulated in a p53-dependent manner specifically in senescent cells, but not in apoptotic cells. Overexpression of miR-30e in HCT116 cells not only inhibited γIR-, etoposide- or miR-34a-induced caspase-3-like DEVDase activities and cell death, but greatly accelerated and augmented their senescent phenotype. Consistently, procaspase-3 protein, but not mRNA decreased in the presence of miR-30e, whereas expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 increased both at the mRNA and protein level. Performing luciferase reporter gene assays, we identified the 3′-UTR of the caspase-3 mRNA as a direct miR-30e target. In contrast, although miR-30e was unable to bind to the p21 mRNA, it increased expression of a luciferase construct containing the p21 promoter, suggesting that the miR-30e-mediated upregulation of p21 occurs indirectly at the transcriptional level. Interestingly, despite suppressing procaspase-3 expression, miR-30e was unable to protect RKO colon carcinoma cells from DNA damage-induced death or to induce senescence, as miR-30e completely fails to upregulate p21 in these cells. These data suggest that miR-30e functions in a cell type-dependent manner as an important molecular switch for DNA damage-induced stress responses and may thus represent a target of therapeutic value.
Collapse
|
89
|
Abstract
Cancer stem cells can generate tumors from only a small number of cells, whereas differentiated cancer cells cannot. The prominent feature of cancer stem cells is its ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple types of cancer cells. Cancer stem cells have several distinct tumorigenic abilities, including stem cell signal transduction, tumorigenicity, metastasis, and resistance to anticancer drugs, which are regulated by genetic or epigenetic changes. Like normal adult stem cells involved in various developmental processes and tissue homeostasis, cancer stem cells maintain their self-renewal capacity by activating multiple stem cell signaling pathways and inhibiting differentiation signaling pathways during cancer initiation and progression. Recently, many studies have focused on targeting cancer stem cells to eradicate malignancies by regulating stem cell signaling pathways, and products of some of these strategies are in preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we describe the crucial features of cancer stem cells related to tumor relapse and drug resistance, as well as the new therapeutic strategy to target cancer stem cells named "differentiation therapy."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Jin
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xun Jin
- 3 Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- 4 Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- 5 Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Tissue transglutaminase induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition and the acquisition of stem cell like characteristics in colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20025-20041. [PMID: 28223538 PMCID: PMC5386741 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human colon cancer cell lines (CRCs) RKO, SW480 and SW620 were investigated for TG2 involvement in tumour advancement and aggression. TG2 expression correlated with tumour advancement and expression of markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The metastatic cell line SW620 showed high TG2 expression compared to the primary tumour cell lines SW480 and RKO and could form tumour spheroids under non- adherent conditions. TG2 manipulation in the CRCs by shRNA or TG2 transduction confirmed the relationship between TG2 and EMT. TGFβ1 expression in CRC cells, and its level in the cell medium and extracellular matrix was increased in primary tumour CRCs overexpressing TG2 and could regulate TG2 expression and EMT by both canonical (RKO) and non-canonical (RKO and SW480) signalling. TGFβ1 regulation was not observed in the metastatic SW620 cell line, but TG2 knockdown or inhibition in SW620 reversed EMT. In SW620, TG2 expression and EMT was associated with increased presence of nuclear β-catenin which could be mediated by association of TG2 with the Wnt signalling co-receptor LRP5. TG2 inhibition/knockdown increased interaction between β-catenin and ubiquitin shown by co-immunoprecipitation, suggesting that TG2 could be important in β-catenin regulation. β-Catenin and TG2 was also upregulated in SW620 spheroid cells enriched with cancer stem cell marker CD44 and TG2 inhibition/knockdown reduced the spheroid forming potential of SW620 cells. Our data suggests that TG2 could hold both prognostic and therapeutic significance in colon cancer.
Collapse
|
91
|
Shikata Y, Kiga M, Futamura Y, Aono H, Inoue H, Kawada M, Osada H, Imoto M. Mitochondrial uncoupler exerts a synthetic lethal effect against β-catenin mutant tumor cells. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:772-784. [PMID: 28107588 PMCID: PMC5406605 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The wingless/int‐1 (Wnt) signal transduction pathway plays a central role in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and apoptosis. When β‐catenin: a component of the Wnt pathway, is mutated into an active form, cell growth signaling is hyperactive and drives oncogenesis. As β‐catenin is mutated in a wide variety of tumors, including up to 10% of all sporadic colon carcinomas and 20% of hepatocellular carcinomas, it has been considered a promising target for therapeutic interventions. Therefore, we screened an in‐house natural product library for compounds that exhibited synthetic lethality towards β‐catenin mutations and isolated nonactin, an antibiotic mitochondrial uncoupler, as a hit compound. Nonactin, as well as other mitochondrial uncouplers, induced apoptosis selectively in β‐catenin mutated tumor cells. Significant tumor regression was observed in the β‐catenin mutant HCT 116 xenograft model, but not in the β‐catenin wild type A375 xenograft model, in response to daily administration of nonactin in vivo. Furthermore, we found that expression of an active mutant form of β‐catenin induced a decrease in the glycolysis rate. Taken together, our results demonstrate that tumor cells with mutated β‐catenin depend on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for survival. Therefore, they undergo apoptosis in response to mitochondrial dysfunction following the addition of mitochondrial uncouplers, such as nonactin. These results suggest that targeting mitochondria is a potential chemotherapeutic strategy for tumor cells that harbor β‐catenin mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shikata
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaki Kiga
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yushi Futamura
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, Japan
| | - Harumi Aono
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Numazu Branch, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Numazu Branch, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Shizuoka, Japan.,Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaya Imoto
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Tian Y, Ma X, Lv C, Sheng X, Li X, Zhao R, Song Y, Andl T, Plikus MV, Sun J, Ren F, Shuai J, Lengner CJ, Cui W, Yu Z. Stress responsive miR-31 is a major modulator of mouse intestinal stem cells during regeneration and tumorigenesis. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28870287 PMCID: PMC5584991 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis are believed to be driven by intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Elucidating mechanisms underlying ISC activation during regeneration and tumorigenesis can help uncover the underlying principles of intestinal homeostasis and disease including colorectal cancer. Here we show that miR-31 drives ISC proliferation, and protects ISCs against apoptosis, both during homeostasis and regeneration in response to ionizing radiation injury. Furthermore, miR-31 has oncogenic properties, promoting intestinal tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, miR-31 acts to balance input from Wnt, BMP, TGFβ signals to coordinate control of intestinal homeostasis, regeneration and tumorigenesis. We further find that miR-31 is regulated by the STAT3 signaling pathway in response to radiation injury. These findings identify miR-31 as a critical modulator of ISC biology, and a potential therapeutic target for a broad range of intestinal regenerative disorders and cancers. Cells lining the inner wall of the gut help to absorb nutrients and to protect the body against harmful microbes and substances. Being on the front line of defense means that these cells often sustain injuries. Specialized cells called intestinal stem cells keep the tissues healthy by replacing the damaged and dying cells. The intestinal stem cells can produce copies of themselves and generate precursors of the gut cells. They also have specific mechanism to protect themselves from cell death. These processes are regulated by different signals that are generated by the cell themselves or the neighboring cells. If these processes get out of control, cells can easily be depleted or develop into cancer cells. Until now, it remained unclear how intestinal stem cells can differentiate between and respond to multiple and simultaneous signals. It is known that short RNA molecules called microRNA play an important role in the signaling pathways of damaged cells and during cancer development. In the gut, different microRNAs, including microRNA-31,help to keep the gut lining intact. However, previous research has shown that bowel cancer cells also contain high amounts of microRNA-31. To see whether microRNA-31 plays a role in controlling the signaling systems in intestinal stem cells, Tian, Ma, Lv et al. looked at genetically modified mice that either had too much microRNA-31 or none. Mice with too much microRNA-31 produced more intestinal stem cells and were able to better repair any cell damage. Mice without microRNA-31 gave rise to fewer intestinal stem cellsand had no damage repair, but were able to stop cancer cells in the gut from growing. The results showed that microRNA-31 in intestinal stem cells helps the cells to divide and to protect themselves from cell death. It controlled and balanced the different types of cell signaling by either repressing or activating various signals. When Tian et al. damaged the stem cells using radiation, the cells increased their microRNA-31 levels as a defense mechanism. This helped the cells to survive and to activate repair mechanisms. Furthermore, Tian et al. discovered that microRNA-31 can enhance the growth of tumors. These results indicate that microRNA-31 plays an important role both in repairing gut linings and furthering tumor development. A next step will be to see whether cancer cells use microRNA-31 to protect themselves from chemo- and radiation therapy. This could help scientists find new ways to render cancerous cells more susceptible to existing cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaole Sheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Andl
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Jinyue Sun
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Wei Cui
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Robinson SC, Donaldson-Kabwe NS, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Longo J, He L, Daniel JM. The POZ-ZF transcription factor Znf131 is implicated as a regulator of Kaiso-mediated biological processes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:416-421. [PMID: 28882591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Znf131 belongs to the family of POZ-ZF transcription factors, but, in contrast to most other characterized POZ-ZF proteins that function as transcriptional repressors, Znf131 acts as a transcriptional activator. Znf131 heterodimerizes with the POZ-ZF protein Kaiso, which itself represses a subset of canonical Wnt target genes, including the cell cycle regulator Cyclin D1. Herein, we report a possible role for Znf131 in Kaiso-mediated processes. Notably, we found that Znf131 associates with several Kaiso target gene promoters, including that of CCND1. ChIP analysis revealed that Znf131 indirectly associates with the CCND1 promoter in HCT116 and MCF7 cells via a region that encompasses the previously characterized +69 Kaiso Binding Site, hinting that the Znf131/Kaiso heterodimer may co-regulate Cyclin D1 expression. We also demonstrate that Kaiso inhibits Znf131 expression, raising the possibility that Kaiso and Znf131 act to fine-tune target gene expression. Together, our findings implicate Znf131 as a co-regulator of Kaiso-mediated biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Longo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lloyd He
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Juliet M Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Cho YC, Nguyen TT, Park SY, Kim K, Kim HS, Jeong HG, Kim KK, Kim H. Bromopropane Compounds Increase the Stemness of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1888. [PMID: 28862656 PMCID: PMC5618537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromopropane (BP) compounds, including 1-bromopropane, 2-bromopropane, and 1,2-dibromopropane, are used in industry for various purposes, and their deleterious effects on human health are becoming known. In this study, we examined the effects of BP compounds on the stemness of colorectal cancer cells. At low, non-cytotoxic concentrations, BP compounds significantly increased spheroid formation in CSC221, DLD1, Caco2, and HT29 cells. In addition, the levels of cancer stem cell markers, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase-1, cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133), CD44, Lgr5, Musashi-1, Ephrin receptor, and Bmi-1 increased after exposure to BP compounds. BP compounds increased the transcriptional activity of the TOPflash and glioma-associated oncogene homolog zinc finger protein (Gli) promoters in reporter assays and increased the expression of Gli-1, Gli-2, Smoothened (SMO), and β-catenin by RT-PCR. These results demonstrate for the first time that BP compounds have the potential to promote cancer stemness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Thanh Thi Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thout 630000, Vietnam.
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Kwonseop Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
DeRycke MS, Gunawardena S, Balcom JR, Pickart AM, Waltman LA, French AJ, McDonnell S, Riska SM, Fogarty ZC, Larson MC, Middha S, Eckloff BW, Asmann YW, Ferber MJ, Haile RW, Gallinger S, Clendenning M, Rosty C, Win AK, Buchanan DD, Hopper JL, Newcomb PA, Le Marchand L, Goode EL, Lindor NM, Thibodeau SN. Targeted sequencing of 36 known or putative colorectal cancer susceptibility genes. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:553-569. [PMID: 28944238 PMCID: PMC5606870 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in several genes predispose to colorectal cancer. Genetic testing for hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes was previously limited to single gene tests; thus, only a very limited number of genes were tested, and rarely those infrequently mutated in colorectal cancer. Next-generation sequencing technologies have made it possible to sequencing panels of genes known and suspected to influence colorectal cancer susceptibility. METHODS Targeted sequencing of 36 known or putative CRC susceptibility genes was conducted for 1231 CRC cases from five subsets: (1) Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X (n = 153); (2) CRC unselected by tumor immunohistochemical or microsatellite stability testing (n = 548); (3) young onset (age <50 years) (n = 333); (4) proficient mismatch repair (MMR) in cases diagnosed at ≥50 years (n = 68); and (5) deficient MMR CRCs with no germline mutations in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2 (n = 129). Ninety-three unaffected controls were also sequenced. RESULTS Overall, 29 nonsense, 43 frame-shift, 13 splice site, six initiator codon variants, one stop codon, 12 exonic deletions, 658 missense, and 17 indels were identified. Missense variants were reviewed by genetic counselors to determine pathogenicity; 13 were pathogenic, 61 were not pathogenic, and 584 were variants of uncertain significance. Overall, we identified 92 cases with pathogenic mutations in APC,MLH1,MSH2,MSH6, or multiple pathogenic MUTYH mutations (7.5%). Four cases with intact MMR protein expression by immunohistochemistry carried pathogenic MMR mutations. CONCLUSIONS Results across case subsets may help prioritize genes for inclusion in clinical gene panel tests and underscore the issue of variants of uncertain significance both in well-characterized genes and those for which limited experience has accumulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. DeRycke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Shanaka Gunawardena
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Jessica R. Balcom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Angela M. Pickart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Lindsey A. Waltman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Amy J. French
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Shannon McDonnell
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and InformaticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Shaun M. Riska
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and InformaticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Zachary C. Fogarty
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and InformaticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Melissa C. Larson
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and InformaticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Sumit Middha
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and InformaticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | | | - Yan W. Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences ResearchMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFlorida
| | - Matthew J. Ferber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Robert W. Haile
- Division of OncologyDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia
| | | | - Mark Clendenning
- Colorectal Oncogenomics GroupGenetic Epidemiology LaboratoryDepartment of PathologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christophe Rosty
- Colorectal Oncogenomics GroupGenetic Epidemiology LaboratoryDepartment of PathologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Envoi Specialist PathologistsHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- School of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandHerstonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Aung K. Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Genetic Medicine and Familial Cancer CentreThe Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Daniel D. Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics GroupGenetic Epidemiology LaboratoryDepartment of PathologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Genetic Medicine and Familial Cancer CentreThe Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Polly A. Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology ProgramUniversity of Hawaii Cancer CenterHonoluluHawaii
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus promotes colorectal tumor development. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006440. [PMID: 28704539 PMCID: PMC5509344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Sg) has long been known to have a strong association with colorectal cancer (CRC). This knowledge has important clinical implications, and yet little is known about the role of Sg in the development of CRC. Here we demonstrate that Sg promotes human colon cancer cell proliferation in a manner that depends on cell context, bacterial growth phase and direct contact between bacteria and colon cancer cells. In addition, we observed increased level of β-catenin, c-Myc and PCNA in colon cancer cells following incubation with Sg. Knockdown or inhibition of β-catenin abolished the effect of Sg. Furthermore, mice administered with Sg had significantly more tumors, higher tumor burden and dysplasia grade, and increased cell proliferation and β-catenin staining in colonic crypts compared to mice receiving control bacteria. Finally, we showed that Sg is present in the majority of CRC patients and is preferentially associated with tumor compared to normal tissues obtained from CRC patients. These results taken together establish for the first time a tumor-promoting role of Sg that involves specific bacterial and host factors and have important clinical implications.
Collapse
|
97
|
Lo YH, Noah TK, Chen MS, Zou W, Borras E, Vilar E, Shroyer NF. SPDEF Induces Quiescence of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Changing the Transcriptional Targets of β-catenin. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:205-218.e8. [PMID: 28390865 PMCID: PMC7297058 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The canonical Wnt signaling pathway activates the transcriptional activity of β-catenin. This pathway is often activated in colorectal cancer cells, but strategies to block it in tumors have not been effective. The SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) suppresses formation of colon tumors by unclear mechanisms. We investigated these mechanisms and the effects of SPDEF on β-catenin activity in mouse models of colorectal cancer (CRC), CRC cell lines, and mouse and human normal and cancer colonoids. METHODS We performed studies of Lgr5CreERT2; β-cateninexon3; Rosa26LSL-rtta-ires-EGFP; TRE-Spdef mice, which express an oncogenic form of β-catenin in Lgr5-positive ISCs upon administration of tamoxifen and SPDEF upon administration of tetracycline. CRC lines (HCT116 and SW480) were engineered to express inducible tagged SPDEF or vector (control) and subcutaneously injected into immunodeficient NSG mice. We generated SPDEF-inducible human colonoids, including a line derived from normal rectal mucosa (control) and an adenocarcinoma line derived from a patient with germline MUTYH mutation. Full-length and truncated forms of SPDEF were expressed in CRC cells; cells were assayed for β-catenin activity and studied in immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS Expression of SPDEF was sufficient to inhibit intestinal tumorigenesis by activated β-catenin, block tumor cell proliferation, and restrict growth of established tumors. In tumor cells with activated β -catenin, expression of SPDEF induced a quiescent state, which was reversed when SPDEF expression was stopped. In mouse and human normal and tumor-derived enteroids/colonoids, those that expressed SPDEF for 3 days were significantly smaller. SPDEF inhibited the transcriptional activity of β-catenin via a protein-protein interaction, independent of SPDEF DNA binding capacity. SPDEF disrupted β-catenin binding to TCF1 and TCF3, displacing β-catenin from enhancer regions of genes that regulate the cell cycle but not genes that regulate stem cell activities. CONCLUSIONS In studies of mice and human CRC, we found that SPDEF induces a quiescent state in CRC cells by disrupting binding of β-catenin to TCF1 and TCF3 and regulation of genes that control the cell cycle. In this model, β-catenin activity determines the proliferation or quiescence of CRC cells based on the absence or presence of SPDEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hung Lo
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Taeko K. Noah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Min-Shan Chen
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Winnie Zou
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ester Borras
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, GI Medical Oncology and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, GI Medical Oncology and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Noah F. Shroyer
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Division of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Dar MS, Singh P, Mir RA, Dar MJ. Βeta-catenin N-terminal domain: An enigmatic region prone to cancer causing mutations. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:122-133. [PMID: 28927523 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin is a highly conserved signaling pathway involved in cell fate decisions during various stages of development. Dysregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been associated with various diseases including cancer. β-Catenin, the central component of canonical Wnt signaling pathway, is a multi-functional protein playing both structural and signaling roles. β-Catenin is composed of three distinct domains: N-terminal domain, C-terminal domain and a central armadillo repeat domain. N-terminal domain of β-catenin harbours almost all of the cancer causing mutations, thus deciphering its critical structural and functional roles offers great potential in cancer detection and therapy. Here, in this review, we have collected information from pharmacological analysis, bio-physical and structural studies, molecular modeling, in-vivo and in-vitro assays, and transgenic animal experiments employing various N-terminal domain variants of β-catenin to discuss the interaction of β-catenin with its binding partners that specifically interact with this domain and the implications of these interactions on signaling, cell fate determination, and in tumorigenesis. A thorough understanding of interactions between β-catenin and its binding partners will enable us to more effectively understand how β-catenin switches between its multiple roles, and will lead to the development of specific assays for the identification of small molecules as chemotherapeutic agents to treat diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders, where Wnt/β-catenin signaling is dysregulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Saleem Dar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Paramjeet Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Riyaz A Mir
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Jamal Dar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Han X, Wang J, Sun Y. Circulating Tumor DNA as Biomarkers for Cancer Detection. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2017; 15:59-72. [PMID: 28392479 PMCID: PMC5414889 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Detection of circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNAs) in cancer patients is an important component of cancer precision medicine ctDNAs. Compared to the traditional physical and biochemical methods, blood-based ctDNA detection offers a non-invasive and easily accessible way for cancer diagnosis, prognostic determination, and guidance for treatment. While studies on this topic are currently underway, clinical translation of ctDNA detection in various types of cancers has been attracting much attention, due to the great potential of ctDNA as blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of cancers. ctDNAs are detected and tracked primarily based on tumor-related genetic and epigenetic alterations. In this article, we reviewed the available studies on ctDNA detection and described the representative methods. We also discussed the current understanding of ctDNAs in cancer patients and their availability as potential biomarkers for clinical purposes. Considering the progress made and challenges involved in accurate detection of specific cell-free nucleic acids, ctDNAs hold promise to serve as biomarkers for cancer patients, and further validation is needed prior to their broad clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junyun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingli Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Hill DR, Spence JR. Gastrointestinal Organoids: Understanding the Molecular Basis of the Host-Microbe Interface. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 3:138-149. [PMID: 28275681 PMCID: PMC5331777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing attention has been devoted to the concept that microorganisms play an integral role in human physiology and pathophysiology. Despite this, the molecular basis of host-pathogen and host-symbiont interactions in the human intestine remains poorly understood owing to the limited availability of human tissue, and the biological complexity of host-microbe interactions. Over the past decade, technological advances have enabled long-term culture of organotypic intestinal tissue derived from human subjects and from human pluripotent stem cells, and these in vitro culture systems already have shown the potential to inform our understanding significantly of host-microbe interactions. Gastrointestinal organoids represent a substantial advance in structural and functional complexity over traditional in vitro cell culture models of the human gastrointestinal epithelium while retaining much of the genetic and molecular tractability that makes in vitro experimentation so appealing. The opportunity to model epithelial barrier dynamics, cellular differentiation, and proliferation more accurately in specific intestinal segments and in tissue containing a proportional representation of the diverse epithelial subtypes found in the native gut greatly enhances the translational potential of organotypic gastrointestinal culture systems. By using these tools, researchers have uncovered novel aspects of host-pathogen and host-symbiont interactions with the intestinal epithelium. Application of these tools promises to reveal new insights into the pathogenesis of infectious disease, inflammation, cancer, and the role of microorganisms in intestinal development. This review summarizes research on the use of gastrointestinal organoids as a model of the host-microbe interface.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3D, 3-dimensional
- CDI, Clostridium difficile infection
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Enteroids
- Epithelium
- GI, gastrointestinal
- HIO, human intestinal organoids
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- Intestine
- Model Systems
- NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis
- Pathogenesis
- SCFA, short-chain fatty acid
- Symbiosis
- TcdB, C difficile toxin B
- hPSC, human pluripotent stem cell
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|