51
|
Zhou TB, Yin SS, Huang JJ, Ou C. Relationship Between the Prohibitin 3' Untranslated Region C > T Gene Polymorphism and Cancer Susceptibility - Results of a Meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:3319-3323. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.7.3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
|
52
|
Qi Y, Katagiri F. Membrane microdomain may be a platform for immune signaling. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:454-6. [PMID: 22499178 PMCID: PMC3419031 DOI: 10.4161/psb.19398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis RPS2 is a typical disease resistance (R) protein with nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeats (NB-LRR). Previously, we reported that RPS2 is physically associated with some Arabidopsis hypersensitive induced reaction (AtHIR) proteins, which are enriched in membrane microdomains. Biochemical and genetic analyses suggested that members of the AtHIR gene family have a function in RPS2-mediated immune signaling. Here, we provide evidence that the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) FLS2 is also physically associated with AtHIR2 in a N. benthamiana transient expression system. We thus speculate that PM microdomains provide a platform for both types of immune receptors, R proteins and PRRs, and that the activation of the receptors is facilitated by AtHIR proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Qi
- Department of Plant Biology; Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute; University of Minnesota; St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Fumiaki Katagiri
- Department of Plant Biology; Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute; University of Minnesota; St. Paul, MN USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Chowdhury I, Garcia-Barrio M, Harp D, Thomas K, Matthews R, Thompson WE. The emerging roles of prohibitins in folliculogenesis. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2012. [PMID: 22201905 DOI: 10.2741/410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prohibitins are members of a highly conserved eukaryotic protein family containing the stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflK/C (SPFH) domain (also known as the prohibitin (PHB) domain) found in divergent species from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Prohibitins are found in unicellular eukaryotes, fungi, plants, animals and humans. Prohibitins are ubiquitously expressed and present in multiple cellular compartments including the mitochondria, nucleus, and the plasma membrane, and shuttles between the mitochondria, cytosol and nucleus. Multiple functions have been attributed to the mitochondrial and nuclear prohibitins, including cellular differentiation, anti-proliferation, and morphogenesis. In the present review, we focus on the recent developments in prohibitins research related to folliculogenesis. Based on current research findings, the data suggest that these molecules play important roles in modulating specific responses of granulose cells to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) by acting at multiple levels of the FSH signal transduction pathway. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the intracellular signaling pathways utilize prohibitins in governing folliculogenesis is likely to result in development of strategies to overcome fertility disorders and suppress ovarian cancer growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Chowdhury
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Milli A, Cecconi D, Bortesi L, Persi A, Rinalducci S, Zamboni A, Zoccatelli G, Lovato A, Zolla L, Polverari A. Proteomic analysis of the compatible interaction between Vitis vinifera and Plasmopara viticola. J Proteomics 2011; 75:1284-302. [PMID: 22120121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the proteome of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaves 24, 48 and 96 h post infection (hpi) with the downy mildew pathogen Plasmopara viticola. Total proteins were separated on 2-DE gels. By MS analysis, we identified 82 unique grapevine proteins differentially expressed after infection. Upregulated proteins were often included in the functional categories of general metabolism and stress response, while proteins related to photosynthesis and energy production were mostly downregulated. As expected, the activation of a defense reaction was observed more often at the late time point, consistent with the establishment of a compatible interaction. Most proteins involved in resistance were isoforms of different PR-10 pathogenesis-related proteins. Although >50 differentially expressed protein isoforms were observed at 24 and 96 hpi, only 18 were detected at 48 hpi and no defense-related proteins were among this group. This profile suggests a transient breakdown in defense responses accompanying the onset of disease, further supported by gene expression analyses and by a western blot analysis of a PR-10 protein. Our data reveal the complex modulation of plant metabolism and defense responses during compatible interactions, and provide insight into the underlying molecular processes which may eventually yield novel strategies for pathogen control in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Milli
- Dept. of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Qi Y, Tsuda K, Nguyen LV, Wang X, Lin J, Murphy AS, Glazebrook J, Thordal-Christensen H, Katagiri F. Physical association of Arabidopsis hypersensitive induced reaction proteins (HIRs) with the immune receptor RPS2. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:31297-307. [PMID: 21757708 PMCID: PMC3173095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.211615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis RPS2 is a typical nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat resistance protein, which indirectly recognizes the bacterial effector protein AvrRpt2 and thereby activates effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Previously, we identified two hypersensitive induced reaction (AtHIR) proteins, AtHIR1 (At1g09840) and AtHIR2 (At3g01290), as potential RPS2 complex components. AtHIR proteins contain the stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflK/C domain (also known as the prohibitin domain or band 7 domain). In this study, we confirmed that AtHIR1 and AtHIR2 form complexes with RPS2 in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana using a pulldown assay and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis. Arabidopsis has four HIR family genes (AtHIR1-4). All AtHIR proteins could form homo- and hetero-oligomers in vivo and were enriched in membrane microdomains of the plasma membrane. The mRNA levels of all except AtHIR4 were significantly induced by microbe-associated molecular patterns, such as the bacterial flagellin fragment flg22. Athir2-1 and Athir3-1 mutants allowed more growth of Pto DC3000 AvrRpt2, but not Pto DC3000, indicating that these mutations reduce RPS2-mediated ETI but do not affect basal resistance to the virulent strain. Overexpression of AtHIR1 and AtHIR2 reduced growth of Pto DC3000. Taken together, the results show that the AtHIR proteins are physically associated with RPS2, are localized in membrane microdomains, and quantitatively contribute to RPS2-mediated ETI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Qi
- From the Department of Plant Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- From the Department of Plant Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Le V. Nguyen
- From the Department of Plant Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Xia Wang
- the Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010, and
| | - Jinshan Lin
- the Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010, and
| | - Angus S. Murphy
- the Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010, and
| | - Jane Glazebrook
- From the Department of Plant Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Hans Thordal-Christensen
- Plant and Soil Science, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Fumiaki Katagiri
- From the Department of Plant Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Choi HW, Kim YJ, Hwang BK. The hypersensitive induced reaction and leucine-rich repeat proteins regulate plant cell death associated with disease and plant immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2011; 24:68-78. [PMID: 20635864 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-10-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-induced programmed cell death (PCD) is intimately linked with disease resistance and susceptibility. However, the molecular components regulating PCD, including hypersensitive and susceptible cell death, are largely unknown in plants. In this study, we show that pathogen-induced Capsicum annuum hypersensitive induced reaction 1 (CaHIR1) and leucine-rich repeat 1 (CaLRR1) function as distinct plant PCD regulators in pepper plants during Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria infection. Confocal microscopy and protein gel blot analyses revealed that CaLRR1 and CaHIR1 localize to the extracellular matrix and plasma membrane (PM), respectively. Bimolecular fluorescent complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that the extracellular CaLRR1 specifically binds to the PM-located CaHIR1 in pepper leaves. Overexpression of CaHIR1 triggered pathogen-independent cell death in pepper and Nicotiana benthamiana plants but not in yeast cells. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CaLRR1 and CaHIR1 distinctly strengthened and compromised hypersensitive and susceptible cell death in pepper plants, respectively. Endogenous salicylic acid levels and pathogenesis-related gene transcripts were elevated in CaHIR1-silenced plants. VIGS of NbLRR1 and NbHIR1, the N. benthamiana orthologs of CaLRR1 and CaHIR1, regulated Bax- and avrPto-/Pto-induced PCD. Taken together, these results suggest that leucine-rich repeat and hypersensitive induced reaction proteins may act as cell-death regulators associated with plant immunity and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyong Woo Choi
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Zhou L, Cheung MY, Li MW, Fu Y, Sun Z, Sun SM, Lam HM. Rice hypersensitive induced reaction protein 1 (OsHIR1) associates with plasma membrane and triggers hypersensitive cell death. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:290. [PMID: 21192820 PMCID: PMC3022912 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, HIR (Hypersensitive Induced Reaction) proteins, members of the PID (Proliferation, Ion and Death) superfamily, have been shown to play a part in the development of spontaneous hypersensitive response lesions in leaves, in reaction to pathogen attacks. The levels of HIR proteins were shown to correlate with localized host cell deaths and defense responses in maize and barley. However, not much was known about the HIR proteins in rice. Since rice is an important cereal crop consumed by more than 50% of the populations in Asia and Africa, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms of disease responses in this plant. We previously identified the rice HIR1 (OsHIR1) as an interacting partner of the OsLRR1 (rice Leucine-Rich Repeat protein 1). Here we show that OsHIR1 triggers hypersensitive cell death and its localization to the plasma membrane is enhanced by OsLRR1. RESULT Through electron microscopy studies using wild type rice plants, OsHIR1 was found to mainly localize to the plasma membrane, with a minor portion localized to the tonoplast. Moreover, the plasma membrane localization of OsHIR1 was enhanced in transgenic rice plants overexpressing its interacting protein partner, OsLRR1. Co-localization of OsHIR1 and OsLRR1 to the plasma membrane was confirmed by double-labeling electron microscopy. Pathogen inoculation studies using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana expressing either OsHIR1 or OsLRR1 showed that both transgenic lines exhibited increased resistance toward the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. However, OsHIR1 transgenic plants produced more extensive spontaneous hypersensitive response lesions and contained lower titers of the invading pathogen, when compared to OsLRR1 transgenic plants. CONCLUSION The OsHIR1 protein is mainly localized to the plasma membrane, and its subcellular localization in that compartment is enhanced by OsLRR1. The expression of OsHIR1 may sensitize the plant so that it is more prone to HR and hence can react more promptly to limit the invading pathogens' spread from the infection sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ming-Yan Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Man-Wah Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yaping Fu
- State key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zongxiu Sun
- State key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Sai-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Comparative genome analysis of PHB gene family reveals deep evolutionary origins and diverse gene function. BMC Bioinformatics 2010; 11 Suppl 6:S22. [PMID: 20946606 PMCID: PMC3026370 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-s6-s22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PHB (Prohibitin) gene family is involved in a variety of functions important for different biological processes. PHB genes are ubiquitously present in divergent species from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Human PHB genes have been found to be associated with various diseases. Recent studies by our group and others have shown diverse function of PHB genes in plants for development, senescence, defence, and others. Despite the importance of the PHB gene family, no comprehensive gene family analysis has been carried to evaluate the relatedness of PHB genes across different species. In order to better guide the gene function analysis and understand the evolution of the PHB gene family, we therefore carried out the comparative genome analysis of the PHB genes across different kingdoms. RESULTS The relatedness, motif distribution, and intron/exon distribution all indicated that PHB genes is a relatively conserved gene family. The PHB genes can be classified into 5 classes and each class have a very deep evolutionary origin. The PHB genes within the class maintained the same motif patterns during the evolution. With Arabidopsis as the model species, we found that PHB gene intron/exon structure and domains are also conserved during the evolution. Despite being a conserved gene family, various gene duplication events led to the expansion of the PHB genes. Both segmental and tandem gene duplication were involved in Arabidopsis PHB gene family expansion. However, segmental duplication is predominant in Arabidopsis. Moreover, most of the duplicated genes experienced neofunctionalization. The results highlighted that PHB genes might be involved in important functions so that the duplicated genes are under the evolutionary pressure to derive new function. CONCLUSION PHB gene family is a conserved gene family and accounts for diverse but important biological functions based on the similar molecular mechanisms. The highly diverse biological function indicated that more research needs to be carried out to dissect the PHB gene function. The conserved gene evolution indicated that the study in the model species can be translated to human and mammalian studies.
Collapse
|
59
|
Wang D, Oses-Prieto JA, Li KH, Fernandes JF, Burlingame AL, Walbot V. The male sterile 8 mutation of maize disrupts the temporal progression of the transcriptome and results in the mis-regulation of metabolic functions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 63:939-51. [PMID: 20626649 PMCID: PMC2974755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Maize anther ontogeny is complex, with the expression of more than 30,000 genes over 4 days of cell proliferation, cell fate acquisition and the start of meiosis. Although many male-sterile mutants disrupt these key steps, few have been investigated in detail. The terminal phenotypes of Zea mays (maize) male sterile 8 (ms8) are small anthers exhibiting meiotic failure. Here, we document much earlier defects: ms8 epidermal cells are normal in number but fail to elongate, and there are fewer, larger tapetal cells that retain, rather than secrete, their contents. ms8 meiocytes separate early, have extra space between them, occupied by excess callose, and the meiotic dyads abort. Thousands of transcriptome changes occur in ms8, including ectopic activation of genes not expressed in fertile siblings, failure to express some genes, differential expression compared with fertile siblings and about 40% of the differentially expressed transcripts appear precociously. There is a high correlation between mRNA accumulation assessed by microarray hybridization and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sixty-three differentially expressed proteins were identified after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy, including those involved in metabolism, plasmodesmatal remodeling and cell division. The majority of these were not identified by differential RNA expression, demonstrating the importance of proteomics in defining developmental mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Department of Biology, 385 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020
| | - Juan A. Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA,94143
| | - Kathy H. Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA,94143
| | - John F. Fernandes
- Department of Biology, 385 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020
| | - Alma L. Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA,94143
| | - Virginia Walbot
- Department of Biology, 385 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Ritter A, Ubertini M, Romac S, Gaillard F, Delage L, Mann A, Cock JM, Tonon T, Correa JA, Potin P. Copper stress proteomics highlights local adaptation of two strains of the model brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus. Proteomics 2010; 10:2074-88. [PMID: 20373519 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ectocarpus siliculosus is a cosmopolitan brown alga with capacity to thrive in copper enriched environments. Analysis of copper toxicity was conducted in two strains of E. siliculosus isolated from (i) an uncontaminated coast in southern Peru (Es32) and (ii) a copper polluted rocky beach in northern Chile (Es524). Es32 was more sensitive than Es524, with toxicity detected at 50 microg/L Cu, whereas Es524 displayed negative effects only when exposed to 250 microg/L Cu. Differential soluble proteome profiling for each strain exposed to sub-lethal copper levels allowed to identify the induction of proteins related to processes such as energy production, glutathione metabolism as well as accumulation of HSPs. In addition, the inter-strain comparison of stress-related proteomes led to identify features related to copper tolerance in Es524, such as striking expression of a PSII Mn-stabilizing protein and a Fucoxanthine chlorophyll a-c binding protein. Es524 also expressed specific stress-related enzymes such as RNA helicases from the DEAD box families and a vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidase. These observations were supported by RT-qPCR for some of the identified genes and an enzyme activity assay for vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidase. Therefore, the occurrence of two different phenotypes within two distinct E. siliculosus strains studied at the physiological and proteomic levels strongly suggest that persistent copper stress may represent a selective force leading to the development of strains genetically adapted to copper contaminated sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Ritter
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Végétaux Marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Wang Y, Ries A, Wu K, Yang A, Crawford NM. The Arabidopsis Prohibitin Gene PHB3 Functions in Nitric Oxide-Mediated Responses and in Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Nitric Oxide Accumulation. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:249-59. [PMID: 20068191 PMCID: PMC2828708 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.072066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To discover genes involved in nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, a genetic screen was employed to identify mutants defective in NO accumulation after treatment with the physiological inducer hydrogen peroxide. In wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana plants, NO levels increase eightfold in roots after H(2)O(2) treatment for 30 min. A mutant defective in H(2)O(2)-induced NO accumulation was identified, and the corresponding mutation was mapped to the prohibitin gene PHB3, converting the highly conserved Gly-37 to an Asp in the protein's SPFH domain. This point mutant and a T-DNA insertion mutant were examined for other NO-related phenotypes. Both mutants were defective in abscisic acid-induced NO accumulation and stomatal closure and in auxin-induced lateral root formation. Both mutants were less sensitive to salt stress, showing no increase in NO accumulation and less inhibition of primary root growth in response to NaCl treatment. In addition, light-induced NO accumulation was dramatically reduced in cotyledons. We found no evidence for impaired H(2)O(2) metabolism or signaling in the mutants as H(2)O(2) levels and H(2)O(2)-induced gene expression were unaffected by the mutations. These findings identify a component of the NO homeostasis system in plants and expand the function of prohibitin genes to include regulation of NO accumulation and NO-mediated responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nigel M. Crawford
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Zhou L, Cheung MY, Zhang Q, Lei CL, Zhang SH, Sun SSM, Lam HM. A novel simple extracellular leucine-rich repeat (eLRR) domain protein from rice (OsLRR1) enters the endosomal pathway and interacts with the hypersensitive-induced reaction protein 1 (OsHIR1). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2009; 32:1804-20. [PMID: 19712067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) containing an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (eLRR) domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic kinase domain play important roles in plant disease resistance. Simple eLRR domain proteins structurally resembling the extracellular portion of the RLKs may also participate in signalling transduction and plant defence response. Yet the molecular mechanisms and subcellular localization in regulating plant disease resistance of these simple eLRR domain proteins are still largely unclear. We provided the first experimental evidence to demonstrate the subcellular localization and trafficking of a novel simple eLRR domain protein (OsLRR1) in the endosomal pathway, using both confocal and electron microscopy. Yeast two-hybrid and in vitro pull-down assays show that OsLRR1 interacts with the rice hypersensitive-induced response protein 1 (OsHIR1) which is localized on plasma membrane. The interaction between LRR1 and HIR1 homologs was shown to be highly conserved among different plant species, suggesting a close functional relationship between the two proteins. The function of OsLRR1 in plant defence response was examined by gain-of-function tests using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. The protective effects of OsLRR1 against bacterial pathogen infection were shown by the alleviating of disease symptoms, lowering of pathogen titres and higher expression of defence marker genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Ito J, Taylor NL, Castleden I, Weckwerth W, Millar AH, Heazlewood JL. A survey of the Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial phosphoproteome. Proteomics 2009; 9:4229-40. [PMID: 19688752 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant mitochondria play central roles in cellular energy production, metabolism and stress responses. Recent phosphoproteomic studies in mammalian and yeast mitochondria have presented evidence indicating that protein phosphorylation is a likely regulatory mechanism across a broad range of important mitochondrial processes. This study investigated protein phosphorylation in purified mitochondria from cell suspensions of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana using affinity enrichment and proteomic tools. Eighteen putative phosphoproteins consisting of mitochondrial metabolic enzymes, HSPs, a protease and several proteins of unknown function were detected on 2-DE separations of Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteins and affinity-enriched phosphoproteins using the Pro-Q Diamond phospho-specific in-gel dye. Comparisons with mitochondrial phosphoproteomes of yeast and mouse indicate that these three species share few validated phosphoproteins. Phosphorylation sites for seven of the eighteen mitochondrial proteins were characterized by titanium dioxide enrichment and MS/MS. In the process, 71 phosphopeptides from Arabidopsis proteins which are not present in mitochondria but found as contaminants in various types of mitochondrial preparations were also identified, indicating the low level of phosphorylation of mitochondrial components compared with other cellular components in Arabidopsis. Information gained from this study provides a better understanding of protein phosphorylation at both the subcellular and the cellular level in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ito
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Cheng Y, Qi Y, Zhu Q, Chen X, Wang N, Zhao X, Chen H, Cui X, Xu L, Zhang W. New changes in the plasma-membrane-associated proteome of rice roots under salt stress. Proteomics 2009; 9:3100-14. [PMID: 19526560 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To gain a better understanding of salt stress responses in plants, we used a proteomic approach to investigate changes in rice (Oryza sativa) root plasma-membrane-associated proteins following treatment with 150 mmol/L NaCl. With or without a 48 h salt treatment, plasma membrane fractions from root tip cells of a salt-sensitive rice cultivar, Wuyunjing 8, were purified by PEG aqueous two-phase partitioning, and plasma-membrane-associated proteins were separated by IEF/SDS-PAGE using an optimized rehydration buffer. Comparative analysis of three independent biological replicates revealed that the expressions of 18 proteins changed by more than 1.5-fold in response to salt stress. Of these proteins, nine were up-regulated and nine were down-regulated. MS analysis indicated that most of these membrane-associated proteins are involved in important physiological processes such as membrane stabilization, ion homeostasis, and signal transduction. In addition, a new leucine-rich-repeat type receptor-like protein kinase, OsRPK1, was identified as a salt-responding protein. Immuno-blots indicated that OsRPK1 is also induced by cold, drought, and abscisic acid. Using immuno-histochemical techniques, we determined that the expression of OsRPK1 was localized in the plasma membrane of cortex cells in roots. The results suggest that different rice cultivars might have different salt stress response mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Fujiwara M, Hamada S, Hiratsuka M, Fukao Y, Kawasaki T, Shimamoto K. Proteome analysis of detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) associated with OsRac1-mediated innate immunity in rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 50:1191-200. [PMID: 19502382 PMCID: PMC2709549 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OsRac1, a member of the Rac/Rop GTPase family, plays important roles as a molecular switch in rice innate immunity, and the active form of OsRac1 functions in the plasma membrane (PM). To study the precise localization of OsRac1 in the PM and its possible association with other signaling components, we performed proteomic analysis of DRMs (detergent-resistant membranes) isolated from rice suspension-cultured cells transformed with myc-tagged constitutively active (CA) OsRac1. DRMs are regions of the PM that are insoluble after Triton X-100 treatment under cold conditions and are thought to be involved in various signaling processes in animal, yeast and plant cells. We identified 192 proteins in DRMs that included receptor-like kinases (RLKs) such as Xa21, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR)-type disease resistance proteins, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, syntaxin, NADPH oxidase, a WD-40 repeat family protein and various GTP-binding proteins. Many of these proteins have been previously identified in the DRMs isolated from other plant species, and animal and yeast cells, validating the methods used in our study. To examine the possible association of DRMs and OsRac1-mediated innate immunity, we used rice suspension-cultured cells transformed with myc-tagged wild-type (WT) OsRac1 and found that OsRac1 and RACK1A, an effector of OsRac1, shifted to the DRMs after chitin elicitor treatment. These results suggest that OsRac1-mediated innate immunity is associated with DRMs in the PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Analysis, Plant Education Unit, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Satoshi Hamada
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Minori Hiratsuka
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Analysis, Plant Education Unit, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Ko Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
- *Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax: +81-743-72-5502
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Qi Y, Katagiri F. Purification of low-abundance Arabidopsis plasma-membrane protein complexes and identification of candidate components. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 57:932-44. [PMID: 19000159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Purification of low-abundance plasma-membrane (PM) protein complexes is a challenging task. We devised a tandem affinity purification tag termed the HPB tag, which contains the biotin carboxyl carrier protein domain (BCCD) of Arabidopsis 3-methylcrotonal CoA carboxylase. The BCCD is biotinylated in vivo, and the tagged protein can be captured by streptavidin beads. All five C-terminally tagged Arabidopsis proteins tested, including four PM proteins, were functional and biotinylated with high efficiency in Arabidopsis. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing an HPB-tagged protein, RPS2::HPB, were used to develop a method to purify protein complexes containing the HPB-tagged protein. RPS2 is a membrane-associated disease resistance protein of low abundance. The purification method involves microsomal fractionation, chemical cross-linking, solubilization, and one-step affinity purification using magnetic streptavidin beads, followed by protein identification using LC-MS/MS. We identified RIN4, a known RPS2 interactor, as well as other potential components of the RPS2 complex(es). Thus, the HPB tag method is suitable for the purification of low-abundance PM protein complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Qi
- Department of Plant Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Minami A, Fujiwara M, Furuto A, Fukao Y, Yamashita T, Kamo M, Kawamura Y, Uemura M. Alterations in detergent-resistant plasma membrane microdomains in Arabidopsis thaliana during cold acclimation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 50:341-59. [PMID: 19106119 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Microdomains in the plasma membrane (PM) have been proposed to be involved in many important cellular events in plant cells. To understand the role of PM microdomains in plant cold acclimation, we isolated the microdomains as detergent-resistant plasma membrane fractions (DRMs) from Arabidopsis seedlings and compared lipid and protein compositions before and after cold acclimation. The DRM was enriched in sterols and glucocerebrosides, and the proportion of free sterols in the DRM increased after cold acclimation. The protein-to-lipid ratio in the DRM was greater than that in the total PM fraction. The protein amount recovered in DRMs decreased gradually during cold acclimation. Cold acclimation further resulted in quantitative changes in DRM protein profiles. Subsequent mass spectrometry and Western blot analyses revealed that P-type H(+)-ATPases, aquaporins and endocytosis-related proteins increased and, conversely, tubulins, actins and V-type H(+)-ATPase subunits decreased in DRMs during cold acclimation. Functional categorization of cold-responsive proteins in DRMs suggests that plant PM microdomains function as platforms of membrane transport, membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton interaction. These comprehensive changes in microdomains may be associated with cold acclimation of Arabidopsis.
Collapse
|
68
|
Reactive Oxygen-Generating NADPH Oxidases in Plants. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN PLANT SIGNALING 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00390-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
69
|
SLP-2 interacts with prohibitins in the mitochondrial inner membrane and contributes to their stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:904-11. [PMID: 18339324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stomatin is a member of a large family of proteins including prohibitins, HflK/C, flotillins, mechanoreceptors and plant defense proteins, that are thought to play a role in protein turnover. Using different proteomic approaches, we and others have identified SLP-2, a member of the stomatin gene family, as a component of the mitochondria. In this study, we show that SLP-2 is strongly associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane and that it interacts with prohibitins. Depleting HeLa cells of SLP-2 lead to increased proteolysis of prohibitins and of subunits of the respiratory chain complexes I and IV. Further supporting the role of SLP-2 in regulating the stability of specific mitochondrial proteins, we found that SLP-2 is up-regulated under conditions of mitochondrial stress leading to increased protein turnover. These data indicate that SLP-2 plays a role in regulating the stability of mitochondrial proteins including prohibitins and subunits of respiratory chain complexes.
Collapse
|
70
|
Green JB, Young JPW. Slipins: ancient origin, duplication and diversification of the stomatin protein family. BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:44. [PMID: 18267007 PMCID: PMC2258279 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stomatin is a membrane protein that was first isolated from human red blood cells. Since then, a number of stomatin-like proteins have been identified in all three domains of life. The conservation among these proteins is remarkable, with bacterial and human homologs sharing 50 % identity. Despite being associated with a variety of diseases such as cancer, kidney failure and anaemia, precise functions of these proteins remain unclear. Results We have constructed a comprehensive phylogeny of all 'stomatin-like' sequences that share a 150 amino acid domain. We show these proteins comprise an ancient family that arose early in prokaryotic evolution, and we propose a new nomenclature that reflects their phylogeny, based on the name "slipin" (stomatin-like protein). Within prokaryotes there are two distinct subfamilies that account for the two different origins of the eight eukaryotic stomatin subfamilies, one of which gave rise to eukaryotic SLP-2, renamed here "paraslipin". This was apparently acquired through the mitochondrial endosymbiosis and is widely distributed amongst the major kingdoms. The other prokaryotic subfamily gave rise to the ancestor of the remaining seven eukaryotic subfamilies. The highly diverged "alloslipin" subfamily is represented only by fungal, viral and ciliate sequences. The remaining six subfamilies, collectively termed "slipins", are confined to metazoa. Protostome stomatin, as well as a newly reported arthropod subfamily slipin-4, are restricted to invertebrate groups, whilst slipin-1 (previously SLP-1) is present in nematodes and higher metazoa. In vertebrates, the stomatin family expanded considerably, with at least two duplication events giving rise to podocin and slipin-3 subfamilies (previously SLP-3), with the retained ancestral sequence giving rise to vertebrate stomatin. Conclusion Stomatin-like proteins have their origin in an ancient duplication event that occurred early on in the evolution of prokaryotes. By constructing a phylogeny of this family, we have identified and named a number of orthologous groups: these can now be used to infer function of stomatin subfamilies in a meaningful way.
Collapse
|
71
|
Pucci-Minafra I, Cancemi P, Di Cara G, Minafra L, Feo S, Forlino A, Tira ME, Tenni R, Martini D, Ruggeri A, Minafra S. Decorin transfection induces proteomic and phenotypic modulation in breast cancer cells 8701-BC. Connect Tissue Res 2008; 49:30-41. [PMID: 18293176 DOI: 10.1080/03008200701820443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Decorin is a prototype member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family widely distributed in the extracellular matrices of many connective tissues, where it has been shown to play multiple important roles in the matrix assembly process, as well as in some cellular activities. A major interest for decorin function concerns its role in tumorigenesis, as growth-inhibitor of different neoplastic cells, and potential antimetastatic agent. The aim of our research was to investigate wide-ranged effects of transgenic decorin on breast cancer cells. To this purpose we utilized the well-characterized 8701-BC cell line, isolated from a ductal infiltrating carcinoma of the breast, and two derived decorin-transfected clones, respectively, synthesizing full decorin proteoglycan or its protein core. The responses to the ectopic decorin production were examined by studying morphological changes, cell proliferation rates, and proteome modulation. The results revealed new important antioncogenic potentialities, likely exerted by decorin through a variety of distinct biochemical pathways. Major effects included the downregulation of several potential breast cancer biomarkers, the reduction of membrane ruffling, and the increase of cell-cell adhesiveness. These results disclose original aspects related to the reversion of malignant traits of a prototype of breast cancer cells induced by decorin. They also raise additional interest for the postulated clinical application of decorin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Pucci-Minafra
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale e Applicazioni Cliniche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Jung HW, Lim CW, Lee SC, Choi HW, Hwang CH, Hwang BK. Distinct roles of the pepper hypersensitive induced reaction protein gene CaHIR1 in disease and osmotic stress, as determined by comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses. PLANTA 2008; 227:409-25. [PMID: 17899171 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-007-0628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A Capsicum annuum hypersensitive induced reaction protein1 (CaHIR1) was recently proposed as a positive regulator of hypersensitive cell death in plants. Overexpression of CaHIR1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants conferred enhanced resistance against the hemi-biotrophic Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and the biotrophic Hyaloperonospora parasitica. Infection by avirulent Pseudomonas strains carrying avrRpm1 or avrRpt2 caused enhanced resistance responses in transgenic plants, suggesting that CaHIR1 is involved in basal disease resistance in a race-nonspecific manner. H. parasitica exhibited low levels of asexual sporulation on CaHIR1 seedlings. In contrast, transgenic plants were susceptible not only to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea but were also sensitive to osmotic stress caused by high salinity and drought. To identify proteins whose expression was altered by CaHIR1 overexpression in Arabidopsis leaves, a quantitative comparative proteome analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was performed. Of about 400 soluble proteins, 11 proteins involved in several metabolic pathways were up- or down-regulated by CaHIR1 overexpression. Genes encoding glycine decarboxylase (At2g35370) and an unidentified protein (At2g03440), which were strongly upregulated in CaHIR1-overexpressing Arabidopsis, were also differentially induced at the transcriptional level by Pst infection. Arabidopsis carbonic anhydrase (At3g01500), highly similar to tobacco salicylic acid-binding protein 3, was up-regulated by CaHIR1 overexpression. The activity of an anti-oxidant enzyme, cooper/zinc superoxide dismutase (At2g28190), was also attenuated in transgenic Arabidopsis by CaHIR1 overexpression. Together, these results suggest that CaHIR1 overexpression in Arabidopsis mediates plant responses to biotrophic, hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, as well as to osmotic stress in different ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Won Jung
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Abstract
Prohibitins comprise a family of highly conserved ubiquitous eukaryotic proteins that mainly localize to the mitochondria. They have been implicated in important cellular processes such as cellular signaling and transcriptional control, apoptosis, cellular senescence, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Using molecular modeling techniques, we have generated structural models of human prohibitins BAP32 and BAP37, which have previously been shown to exist as large ringlike oligomers in the membrane-bound state. The middle domain of prohibitins is evolutionary conserved in the family of SPFH (PHB) domain proteins. On the basis of the known structure of flotillin-2, another member of the SPFH-domain family, we have generated homology models for BAP32 and BAP37, and elucidated the implications for formation of high molecular weight oligomers. A model for the dimeric-building block of BAP32: BAP37 for such assemblies was generated and its stability scrutinized by molecular dynamics simulations. The model of BAP32 was also analyzed as to potential ligand-binding sites and the previously identified ligand melanogenin was docked into a membrane-proximal cavity. The results are discussed in the context of prohibitin interactions with mitochondrial AAA-proteases and we suggest two possible interaction interfaces between the BAP32:BAP37 building block and the protease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Winter
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Van Aken O, Pecenková T, van de Cotte B, De Rycke R, Eeckhout D, Fromm H, De Jaeger G, Witters E, Beemster GTS, Inzé D, Van Breusegem F. Mitochondrial type-I prohibitins of Arabidopsis thaliana are required for supporting proficient meristem development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 52:850-64. [PMID: 17883375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana genome expresses five evolutionarily conserved prohibitin (PHB) genes that are divided into type-I (AtPHB3 and AtPHB4) and type-II (AtPHB1, AtPHB2 and AtPHB6) classes, based on their phylogenetic relationships with yeast PHB1 and PHB2, respectively. Yeast and animal PHBs are reported to have diverse roles in the cell cycle, mitochondrial electron transport, aging and apoptosis. All transcribed Arabidopsis PHB genes are primarily expressed in both shoot and root proliferative tissues, where they are present in mitochondrial multimeric complexes. Loss of function of the type-I AtPHB4 had no phenotypic effects, while loss of function of the homologous AtPHB3 caused mitochondrial swelling, decreased meristematic cell production, increased cell division time and reduced cell expansion rates, leading to severe growth retardation. Double knockout atphb3 atphb4 plants were not viable, but transgenic lines overexpressing AtPHB3 or AtPHB4 showed leaf shape aberrations and an increased shoot branching phenotype. Genome-wide microarray analysis revealed that both knockout and overexpression perturbations of AtPHB3 and AtPHB4 provoked an altered abundance of mitochondrial and stress-related transcripts. We propose that plant type-I PHBs take part in protein complexes that are necessary for proficient mitochondrial function or biogenesis, thereby supporting cell division and differentiation in apical tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Marmagne A, Ferro M, Meinnel T, Bruley C, Kuhn L, Garin J, Barbier-Brygoo H, Ephritikhine G. A High Content in Lipid-modified Peripheral Proteins and Integral Receptor Kinases Features in the Arabidopsis Plasma Membrane Proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2007; 6:1980-96. [PMID: 17644812 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m700099-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteomics of plasma membrane has brought to date only scarce and partial information on the actual protein repertoire. In this work, the plant plasma membrane proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. A highly purified plasma membrane fraction was washed by NaCl and Na2CO3 salts, and the insoluble fractions were further analyzed by nano-LC-MS/MS. With 446 proteins identified, we hereby describe the largest plasma membrane proteome diversity reported so far. Half of the proteins were predicted to display transmembrane domains and/or to be anchored to the membrane, validating a posteriori the pertinence of the approach. A fine analysis highlighted two main specific and novel features. First, the main functional category is represented by a majority of as yet unreported signaling proteins, including 11% receptor-like kinases. Second, 16% of the identified proteins are predicted to be lipid-modified, specifically involving double lipid linkage through N-terminal myristoylation, S-palmitoylation, C-terminal prenylation, or glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors. Thus, our approach led for the first time to the identification of a large number of peripheral proteins as part of the plasma membrane and allowed the functionality of the plasma membrane in the cell context to be reconsidered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marmagne
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS-UPR 2355, Bât 22, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Yu XM, Yu XD, Qu ZP, Huang XJ, Guo J, Han QM, Zhao J, Huang LL, Kang ZS. Cloning of a putative hypersensitive induced reaction gene from wheat infected by stripe rust fungus. Gene 2007; 407:193-8. [PMID: 17980516 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The hypersensitive response (HR) is one of the most efficient forms of plant defense against biotrophic pathogens and results in localized cell death and the formation of necrotic lesions. In this study, a novel putative hypersensitive induced reaction (HIR) gene from wheat leaves infected by incompatible stripe rust pathogen CY23, designated as Ta-hir1, was identified by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Ta-hir1 encodes 284 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 31.31 KDa. A phylogenetic analysis showed that Ta-hir1 was highly homologous to Hv-hir1 from barley at both cDNA and deduced amino-acid levels. Amino-acid sequence analysis of the wheat HIR protein indicated the presence of the SPFH (Stomatins, Prohibitins, Flotillins and HflK/C) protein domain typical for stomatins which served as a negative regulator of univalent cation permeability, especially for potassium. The expression profile of the Ta-hir1 transcript detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (real time-PCR), respectively, showed that the highest expression occurred 48 h post inoculation (hpi), which is consistent with our previous histopathology observations during the stripe rust fungus-wheat incompatible reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Mei Yu
- College of Plant Protection and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Chen F, Yuan Y, Li Q, He Z. Proteomic analysis of rice plasma membrane reveals proteins involved in early defense response to bacterial blight. Proteomics 2007; 7:1529-39. [PMID: 17407182 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plant plasma membrane (PM) proteins play important roles in signal transduction during defense response to an attacking pathogen. By using an improved method of PM protein preparation and PM-bound green fluorescent protein fusion protein as a visible marker, we conducted PM proteomic analysis of the rice suspension cells expressing the disease resistance gene Xa21, to identify PM components involved in the early defense response to bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). A total of 20 regulated protein spots were observed on 2-D gels of PM fractions at 12 and 24 h after pathogen inoculation, of which some were differentially regulated between the incompatible and compatible interactions mediated by Xa21, with good correlation between biological repeats. Eleven protein spots with predicted functions in plant defense were identified by MS/MS, including nine putative PM-associated proteins H+-ATPase, protein phosphatase, hypersensitive-induced response protein (OsHIR1), prohibitin (OsPHB2), zinc finger and C2 domain protein, universal stress protein (USP), and heat shock protein. OsHIR1 was modified by the microbial challenge, leading to two differentially accumulated protein spots. Transcript analysis showed that most of the genes were also regulated at transcriptional levels. Our study would provide a starting point for functionality of PM proteins in the rice defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- National Key laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Jung HW, Hwang BK. The leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein, CaLRR1, interacts with the hypersensitive induced reaction (HIR) protein, CaHIR1, and suppresses cell death induced by the CaHIR1 protein. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2007; 8:503-14. [PMID: 20507517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat proteins (LRRs) function in a number of signal transduction pathways via protein-protein interactions. The gene encoding a small protein of pepper, CaLRR1, is specifically induced upon pathogen challenge and treatment with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). We identified a pepper hypersensitive induced reaction (CaHIR1) protein that interacts with the LRR domain of the CaLRR1 protein using yeast two-hybrid screening. Ectopic expression of the pepper CaHIR1 gene induces cell death in tobacco and Arabidopsis, indicating that the CaHIR1 protein may be a positive regulator of HR-like cell death. Because transformation is very difficult in pepper plants, we over-expressed CaLRR1 and CaHIR1 in Arabidopsis to determine cellular functions of the two genes. The over-expression of the CaHIR1 gene, but not the CaLRR1 gene, in transgenic Arabidopsis confers disease resistance in response to Pseudomonas syringae infection, accompanied by the strong expression of PR genes, the accumulation of both salicylic acid and H(2)O(2), and K(+) efflux in plant cells. In Arabidopsis and tobacco plants over-expressing both CaHIR1 and CaLRR1, the CaLRR1 protein suppresses not only CaHIR1-induced cell death, but also PR gene expression elicited by CaHIR1 via its association with HIR protein. We propose that the CaLRR1 protein functions as a novel negative regulator of CaHIR1-mediated cell death responses in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Won Jung
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Taliercio EW, Boykin D. Analysis of gene expression in cotton fiber initials. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2007; 7:22. [PMID: 17506877 PMCID: PMC1906782 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers are trichomes that initiate from the ovule epidermis. Little is known about the developmental pathway causing fiber to differentiate from ovular epidermal cells even though limits on the number of cells that differentiate into fiber will limit yield. RESULTS A method was developed to isolate RNA from fiber initials 1 day post anthesis (dpa). Complementary DNA libraries representing 1 dpa fibers and other cotton tissues were sequenced and analyzed. Assembly of G. hirsutum Expressed Sequenced Tags (ESTs) identified over 11,000 sequences not previously represented in GenBank. New genes identified among these ESTs were represented on microarrays. The microarrays were used to identify genes enriched in fiber initials (1 dpa fibers) and elongating fibers. Analyses of Gene Ontologies (GO) of differentially expressed genes determined that terms associated with the "membranes" were statistically over represented among genes increased in expression in fiber initials and 10 dpa fibers. Staining ovules with a fluorescent dye confirmed an increase in Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) occurred in fiber initials on the day of anthesis, persisted through 3 dpa and was absent in a fiberless mutant. Two genes similar to the CAPRICE/TRIPTYCHON (CPC) gene that inhibits differentiation of leaf trichomes in Arabidopsis were also characterized. Genes associated with novel regulation of brassinosterols, GTP mediated signal transduction and cell cycle control and components of a Ca+2 mediated signaling pathway were identified. Staining of cellular Ca+2 indicated that fiber initials had more Ca+2 than other ovule cells supporting a role for Ca+2 in fiber development. CONCLUSION Analysis of genes expressed in fiber initials identified a unique stage in fiber development characterized by an increase in ER and Ca+2 levels that occurred between 0 and 1 dpa. The gene similar to CPC has a MYB domain but appears to lack a transcription activating domain similar to the Arabisopsis gene. The method used to stain the ER also can be used to count fiber initials and showed fiber cells develop from adjacent cells unlike leaf trichomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Boykin
- USDA/ARS, 141 Experiment Station Rd., Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Takata N, Kasuga J, Takezawa D, Arakawa K, Fujikawa S. Gene expression associated with increased supercooling capability in xylem parenchyma cells of larch (Larix kaempferi). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2007; 58:3731-3742. [PMID: 18057043 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erm223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Xylem parenchyma cells (XPCs) in larch adapt to subfreezing temperatures by deep supercooling, while cortical parenchyma cells (CPCs) undergo extracellular freezing. The temperature limits of supercooling in XPCs changed seasonally from -30 degrees C during summer to -60 degrees C during winter as measured by freezing resistance. Artificial deacclimation of larch twigs collected in winter reduced the supercooling capability from -60 degrees C to -30 degrees C. As an approach to clarify the mechanisms underlying the change in supercooling capability of larch XPCs, genes expressed in association with increased supercooling capability were examined. By differential screening and differential display analysis, 30 genes were found to be expressed in association with increased supercooling capability in XPCs. These 30 genes were categorized into several groups according to their functions: signal transduction factors, metabolic enzymes, late embryogenesis abundant proteins, heat shock proteins, protein synthesis and chromatin constructed proteins, defence response proteins, membrane transporters, metal-binding proteins, and functionally unknown proteins. All of these genes were expressed most abundantly during winter, and their expression was reduced or disappeared during summer. The expression of all of the genes was significantly reduced or disappeared with deacclimation of winter twigs. Interestingly, all but one of the genes were expressed more abundantly in the xylem than in the cortex. Eleven of the 30 genes were thought to be novel cold-induced genes. The results suggest that change in the supercooling capability of XPCs is associated with expression of genes, including genes whose functions have not been identified, and also indicate that gene products that have been thought to play a role in dehydration tolerance by extracellular freezing also have a function by deep supercooling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Mishra S, Moulik S, Murphy LJ. Prohibitin binds to C3 and enhances complement activation. Mol Immunol 2006; 44:1897-902. [PMID: 17070910 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prohibitin (PHB1) is a multifunction protein that is released in lipid droplets from adipocytes and possibly other cells and is detectable in the circulation. We used crosslinking, immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis to investigate binding partners for circulating PHB1. Crosslinking of PHB1 to serum resulted in two complexes of approximately 150 and 100 kDa, which contained both PHB1 and fragments of C3. The binding of PHB1 to C3 was confirmed using a solid phase assay where the dissociation constant was approximately 90 fmol/l. PHB1, but not the closely related PHB2, was able to enhance complement activation and induce lysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes when added with normal serum but not with C3-deficient serum. The ability of PHB1 to bind to, and activate C3 suggests that PHB1 may have a previously unrecognized role in innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mishra
- Departments of Physiology & Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 0W3, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Hynek R, Svensson B, Jensen ON, Barkholt V, Finnie C. Enrichment and Identification of Integral Membrane Proteins from Barley Aleurone Layers by Reversed-Phase Chromatography, SDS-PAGE, and LC−MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:3105-13. [PMID: 17081062 DOI: 10.1021/pr0602850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane of the cereal aleurone layer is the site of perception of germination signals and release of enzymes to the starchy endosperm. Analysis of membrane proteins is challenging due to their hydrophobicity and low abundance; thus, little is known about the membrane proteins involved in seed germination. A membrane fraction highly enriched for the plasma membrane H+-ATPase was prepared from barley aleurone layers by aqueous two-phase partitioning. Because detergent and salt washes did not efficiently remove soluble proteins from the membrane preparations, an alternative procedure was developed, comprising batch reversed-phase chromatography with stepwise elution of hydrophobic proteins by 2-propanol. Proteins in the most hydrophobic fraction were separated by SDS-PAGE and identified by LC-MS/MS and barley EST sequence database search. The method was efficient for enrichment of integral membrane proteins with relatively low levels of soluble contaminating proteins. Forty-six proteins associated with barley aleurone plasma membranes were identified, including proteins with more than 10 transmembrane domains. Among the identified proteins were two new isoforms of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, two proteins possibly involved in ion-channel regulation, and two proteins of unknown function. This represents the first analysis of membrane proteins involved in seed germination using a proteomics approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radovan Hynek
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry Group, BioCentrum-DTU, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Abstract
The prohibitins, Phb1 and Phb2 are highly conserved proteins in eukaryotic cells that are present in multiple cellular compartments. Initial investigations focused on the role of Phb1 as an inhibitor of cell proliferation hence the original name prohibitin. However both proteins appear to have a diverse range of functions and recent evidence suggests that the prohibitins have very similar but as yet only partially understood functions. In addition to their role as chaperone proteins in the mitochondria, and their ability to target to lipid rafts, their is now compelling evidence that both prohibitins are localized in the nucleus and can modulate transcriptional activity by interacting with various transcription factors, including the steroid hormone receptors, either directly or indirectly. In addition Phb1 and Phb2 are present in the circulation and can be internalized when added to cultured cells suggesting that the circulating prohibitins may have some regulatory role. This review presents some of the recent developments in prohibitin research and focuses on the similarities in the structure and function of these interesting proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mishra
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, WinnipegManitoba, Canada
| | - Leigh C Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Manitoba, WinnipegManitoba, Canada
| | - Liam J Murphy
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, WinnipegManitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, WinnipegManitoba, Canada
- Correspondence to: Liam J. MURPHY Room 843, John Buhler Research Centre, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg MB R3E 3P4, Canada. Tel.: (204) 789 3779; Fax: (204) 789 3940 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Morel J, Claverol S, Mongrand S, Furt F, Fromentin J, Bessoule JJ, Blein JP, Simon-Plas F. Proteomics of plant detergent-resistant membranes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2006; 5:1396-411. [PMID: 16648627 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m600044-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence from the past decade supports the existence, in membrane from animal and yeast cells, of functional microdomains that play important roles in protein sorting, signal transduction, or infection by pathogens. Recent reports demonstrated the presence, in plants, of detergent-resistant fractions isolated from plasma membrane. Analysis of the lipidic composition of this fraction revealed its enrichment in sphingolipids and sterols and depletion in phospho- and glycerolipids as previously observed for animal microdomains. One-dimensional gel electrophoresis experiments indicated that these detergent-resistant fractions are able to recruit a specific set of plasma membrane proteins and exclude others. In the present study, we used mass spectrometry to give an extensive description of a tobacco plasma membrane fraction resistant to solubilization with Triton X-100. This led to the identification of 145 proteins whose functional and physicochemical characteristics were analyzed in silico. Parameters such as isoelectric point, molecular weight, number and length of transmembrane segments, or global hydrophobicity were analyzed and compared with the data available concerning plant plasma membrane proteins. Post-translational modifications, such as myristoylation, palmitoylation, or presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, were examined in relation to the presence of the corresponding proteins in these microdomains. From a functional point of view, this analysis indicated that if a primary function of the plasma membrane, such as transport, seems under-represented in the detergent-resistant fraction, others undergo a significant increase of their relative importance. Among these are signaling and response to biotic and abiotic stress, cellular trafficking, and cell wall metabolism. This suggests that these domains are likely to constitute, as in animal cells, signaling platforms involved in these physiological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Morel
- Laboratoire de Phytopharmacie, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 692 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)/Ecole Nationale d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)/Université de Bourgogne, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Briere LAK, Dunn SD. The Periplasmic Domains of Escherichia coli HflKC Oligomerize through Right-Handed Coiled-Coil Interactions. Biochemistry 2006; 45:8607-16. [PMID: 16834335 DOI: 10.1021/bi0606997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The periplasmic domains of the Escherichia coli HflK and HflC were coexpressed and purified. The two polypeptides copurified in a 1:1 ratio, as determined by quantitative amino acid analysis. Circular dichroism studies showed the complex to have substantial helical/coiled-coil content that melted with midpoints in the range of 26-29 degrees C depending upon the concentration, implying a reversible oligomerization. The average molecular weight of the soluble HflKC determined by sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation using a single-species model varied with rotor speed, providing further evidence of concentration-dependent oligomerization. The data were well-fit by models that specified a protomer to n-mer oligomerization, with the heterodimeric HflKC as the protomer and values of n between 7 and 10. Multiple-sequence alignments of both HflK and HflC revealed regions near the C termini to contain 11-residue hendecad repeats, indicative of right-handed coiled coils, with characteristic small residues in the a, f, h, and j positions. To test the importance of the small size of these positions, two residues in the HflC domain, Ala-262 in a f position and Gly-268 in an a position, were mutated to isoleucine. The HflKC:A262I mutant complex showed lower helicity than the wild type, and its melting was less concentration-dependent. During purification of HflKC:G268I, the mutated HflC subunit precipitated, leaving a preparation of the pure peripheral HflK domain. This polypeptide behaved as a monomer in sedimentation equilibrium experiments and showed low helicity, implying that the protein conformation is largely dependent upon heteromeric subunit interactions. These results demonstrate the importance of right-handed coiled-coil interactions in the oligomerization of HflKC, and a model entailing the formation of a right-handed helical barrel is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Ann K Briere
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Ahn CS, Lee JH, Reum Hwang A, Kim WT, Pai HS. Prohibitin is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 46:658-67. [PMID: 16640602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Prohibitin, which consists of two subunits PHB1 and PHB2, plays a role in cell-cycle progression, senescence, apoptosis, and maintenance of mitochondrial function in mammals and yeast. In this study, we examined the role of prohibitins in plants by using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of two prohibitin subunit genes of Nicotiana benthamiana, designated NbPHB1 and NbPHB2. NbPHB1 and NbPHB2 were targeted to the mitochondria, and their gene expression was suppressed during senescence. VIGS of NbPHB2 caused severe growth inhibition, leaf yellowing and symptoms of cell death, whereas VIGS of NbPHB1 resulted in a milder phenotype. At the cellular level, depletion of these subunits affected mitochondria by severely reducing their number and/or mass, and by causing morphological and physiological abnormalities. Suppression of prohibitin function resulted in a 10- to 20-fold higher production of reactive oxygen species and induced premature leaf senescence. Finally, disruption of prohibitin function rendered the plants more susceptible to various oxidative stress-inducing reagents, including H(2)O(2), paraquat, antimycin A and salicylic acid. These results suggest that prohibitins play a crucial role in mitochondrial biogenesis and protection against stress and senescence in plant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sook Ahn
- Department of Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Dai S, Li L, Chen T, Chong K, Xue Y, Wang T. Proteomic analyses ofOryza sativa mature pollen reveal novel proteins associated with pollen germination and tube growth. Proteomics 2006; 6:2504-29. [PMID: 16548068 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As a highly reduced organism, pollen performs specialized functions to generate and carry sperm into the ovule by its polarily growing pollen tube. Yet the molecular genetic basis of these functions is poorly understood. Here, we identified 322 unique proteins, most of which were not reported previously to be in pollen, from mature pollen of Oryza sativa L. ssp japonica using a proteomic approach, 23% of them having more than one isoform. Functional classification reveals that an overrepresentation of the proteins was related to signal transduction (10%), wall remodeling and metabolism (11%), and protein synthesis, assembly and degradation (14%), as well as carbohydrate and energy metabolism (25%). Further, 11% of the identified proteins are functionally unknown and do not contain any conserved domain associated with known activities. These analyses also identified 5 novel proteins by de novo sequencing and revealed several important proteins, mainly involved in signal transduction (such as protein kinases, receptor kinase-interacting proteins, guanosine 5'-diphosphate dissociation inhibitors, C2 domain-containing proteins, cyclophilins), protein synthesis, assembly and degradation (such as prohibitin, mitochondrial processing peptidase, putative UFD1, AAA+ ATPase), and wall remodeling and metabolism (such as reversibly glycosylated polypeptides, cellulose synthase-like OsCsLF7). The study is the first close investigation, to our knowledge, of protein complement in mature pollen, and presents useful molecular information at the protein level to further understand the mechanisms underlying pollen germination and tube growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis & Environmental Molecular Physiology, Research Center for Molecular & Developmental Biology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
McMahon KA, Zhu M, Kwon SW, Liu P, Zhao Y, Anderson RGW. Detergent-free caveolae proteome suggests an interaction with ER and mitochondria. Proteomics 2006; 6:143-52. [PMID: 16294311 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent proteomic studies of detergent resistant membrane fractions have begun to characterize the protein composition of caveolae and lipid rafts. The methods used in most of these studies, however, are not able to distinguish between plasma membrane and internal membrane lipid domains. Here we used a non-detergent method for obtaining fractions enriched in caveolae derived from the plasma membrane of multiple cell types. Unexpectedly, the proteins in the caveolae proteome suggest these lipid domains may interact with elements of ER and mitochondria. A comparison of the partial proteome we obtained with other published reports identifies 26 proteins that are candidate marker proteins for identifying caveolae in multiple cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie-Ann McMahon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 74390-9039, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Rostoks N, Schmierer D, Mudie S, Drader T, Brueggeman R, Caldwell DG, Waugh R, Kleinhofs A. Barley necrotic locus nec1 encodes the cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 4 homologous to the Arabidopsis HLM1. Mol Genet Genomics 2005; 275:159-68. [PMID: 16341885 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-005-0073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Barley homolog of the Arabidopsis necrotic (disease lesion mimic) mutant HLM1 that encodes the cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 4 was cloned. Barley gene was mapped genetically to the known necrotic locus nec1 and subsequent sequence analysis identified mutations in five available nec1 alleles confirming barley homolog of Arabidopsis HLM1 as the NEC1 gene. Two fast neutron (FN) induced mutants had extensive deletions in the gene, while two previously described nec1 alleles had either a STOP codon in exon 1 or a MITE insertion in intron 2 which caused alternative splicing, frame shift and production of a predicted non-functional protein. The MITE insertion was consistent with the reported spontaneous origin of the nec1 Parkland allele. The third FN mutant had a point mutation in the coding sequence which resulted in an amino acid change in the conserved predicted cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel pore region. The expression of two pathogenesis-related genes, HvPR-1a and beta-1,3-glucanase, was elevated in two FN necrotic lines. Ten other members of the barley cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel gene family were identified and their position on barley linkage map is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rostoks
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Genome Dynamics, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Graham MY. The diphenylether herbicide lactofen induces cell death and expression of defense-related genes in soybean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 139:1784-94. [PMID: 16299178 PMCID: PMC1310559 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.068676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2005] [Revised: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lactofen belongs to the diphenylether class of herbicides, which targets protoporphyrinogen oxidase, which in turn causes singlet oxygen generation. In tolerant plants like soybean (Glycine max), the chemical nonetheless causes necrotic patches called "bronzing" in contact areas. Here it is shown that such bronzing is accompanied by cell death, which was quantified from digital microscopic images using Assess Software. Cellular autofluorescence accompanied cell death, and a homolog of the cell death marker gene, Hsr203j, was induced by lactofen in treated soybean tissues. Thus, this form of chemically induced cell death shares some hallmarks of certain types of programmed cell death. In addition to the cell death phenotype, lactofen caused enhanced expressions of chalcone synthase and chalcone reductase genes, mainly in the exposed and immediately adjacent (proximal) cells. Furthermore, isoflavone synthase genes, which are wound inducible in soybean, were up-regulated by lactofen in both proximal and distal cell zones in minimally wounded cotyledons and further enhanced in wounded tissues. Moreover, if the wall glucan elicitor from Phytophthora sojae was present during lactofen treatment, the induction of isoflavone synthase was even more rapid. These results are consistent with the fact that lactofen triggers massive isoflavone accumulations and activates the capacity for glyceollin elicitation competency. In addition, lactofen induces late expression of a selective set of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes, including PR-1a, PR-5, and PR-10, mainly in treated proximal tissues. These various results are discussed in the context of singlet oxygen-induced responses and lactofen's potential as a disease resistance-inducing agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madge Y Graham
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Chen JC, Jiang CZ, Reid MS. Silencing a prohibitin alters plant development and senescence. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 44:16-24. [PMID: 16167892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Prohibitins, highly conserved mitochondrial proteins, have been shown to play important roles in cell cycling and senescence in animals and yeast. Sequences with high similarity to prohibitins have been identified in a number of plant species, but their function has not yet been demonstrated. The deduced amino acid sequences of PhPHB1 and PhPHB2, sequences that we identified in a petunia floral expressed sequence tag (EST) database, show high similarity to those of prohibitin-1 and prohibitin-2 proteins, respectively, reported from yeast, animals and plants. Southern analysis suggested that these genes were members of small gene families with at least two prohibitin-1 homologs and four prohibitin-2 homologs. When we downregulated expression of prohibitin-1 using a Tobacco rattle virus-based (TRV), virus-induced gene silencing system (VIGS), we observed plants with smaller and distorted leaves and flowers. Cells in silenced flowers were larger than in control flowers, indicating a substantial reduction in the number of cell divisions that took place during corolla development. The life of silenced flowers was shorter than that of controls, whether on the plant or detached. The respiration of silenced flowers was higher than that of controls, and we observed a marked increase in the abundance of transcripts of a catalase and a small heat-shock protein in the silenced flowers. Our data indicate that prohibitins play a key role in plant development and senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Chih Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Abstract
While our understanding of lipid microdomains has advanced in recent years, many aspects of their formation and dynamics are still unclear. In particular, the molecular determinants that facilitate the partitioning of integral membrane proteins into lipid raft domains are yet to be clarified. This review focuses on a family of raft-associated integral membrane proteins, termed flotillins, which belongs to a larger class of integral membrane proteins that carry an evolutionarily conserved domain called the prohibitin homology (PHB) domain. A number of studies now suggest that eucaryotic proteins carrying this domain have affinity for lipid raft domains. The PHB domain is carried by a diverse array of proteins including stomatin, podocin, the archetypal PHB protein, prohibitin, lower eucaryotic proteins such as the Dictyostelium discoideum proteins vacuolin A and vacuolin B and the Caenorhabditis elegans proteins unc-1, unc-24 and mec-2. The presence of this domain in some procaryotic proteins suggests that the PHB domain may constitute a primordial lipid recognition motif. Recent work has provided new insights into the trafficking and targeting of flotillin and other PHB domain proteins. While the function of this large family of proteins remains unclear, studies of the C. elegans PHB proteins suggest possible links to a class of volatile anaesthetics raising the possibility that these lipophilic agents could influence lipid raft domains. This review will discuss recent insights into the cell biology of flotillins and the large family of evolutionarily conserved PHB domain proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C Morrow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Wen TJ, Hochholdinger F, Sauer M, Bruce W, Schnable PS. The roothairless1 gene of maize encodes a homolog of sec3, which is involved in polar exocytosis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 138:1637-43. [PMID: 15980192 PMCID: PMC1176433 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.062174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The roothairless1 (rth1) mutant is impaired in root hair elongation and exhibits other growth abnormalities. Unicellular root hairs elongate via localized tip growth, a process mediated by polar exocytosis of secretory vesicles. We report here the cloning of the rth1 gene that encodes a sec3 homolog. In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mammals, sec3 is a subunit of the exocyst complex, which tethers exocytotic vesicles prior to their fusion. The cloning of the rth1 gene associates the homologs of exocyst subunits to an exocytotic process in plant development and supports the hypothesis that exocyst-like proteins are involved in plant exocytosis. Proteomic analyses identified four proteins that accumulate to different levels in wild-type and rth1 primary roots. The preferential accumulation in the rth1 mutant proteome of a negative regulator of the cell cycle (a prohibitin) may at least partially explain the delayed development and flowering of the rth1 mutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsui-Jung Wen
- Department of Agronomy , Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Shi C, Ingvardsen C, Thümmler F, Melchinger AE, Wenzel G, Lübberstedt T. Identification by suppression subtractive hybridization of genes that are differentially expressed between near-isogenic maize lines in association with sugarcane mosaic virus resistance. Mol Genet Genomics 2005; 273:450-61. [PMID: 15891912 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-004-1103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection in maize are poorly understood. A study of differential expression was conducted to identify genes involved in resistance to SCMV. In this study, we combined suppression subtractive hybridization and macroarray hybridization to identify genes that are differently expressed in the near isogenic lines F7+ (SCMV resistant) and F7 (susceptible). Altogether, 302 differentially expressed genes were identified in four comparisons based on constitutively expressed and inducible genes, and on compatible and incompatible plant-virus interactions. Apart from genes related to metabolism, most of the functionally classified genes identified belonged to three pathogenesis-related categories: cell rescue, defense, cell death and ageing, signal transduction, and transcription. The latter three groups accounted for 56-66% of the genes classified. Some 19% (60 of 302) of the identified genes had previously been assigned to 29 bins distributed over all ten maize chromosomes. Among the mapped genes, 31% (18 of 58) were located within the Scmv2 and Scmv1 regions on chromosomes 3 and 6, respectively, which have been associated with resistance to SCMV. Promising candidate genes for Scmv1 have been identified, such as AA661457 (receptor-like kinase Xa21-binding protein 3). The implications of the genomic distribution of differentially expressed genes identified by this isogenic comparison are discussed in the context of breeding for resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shi
- Technical University of Munich, Am Hochanger 2, 85350, Freising, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Borner GHH, Sherrier DJ, Weimar T, Michaelson LV, Hawkins ND, Macaskill A, Napier JA, Beale MH, Lilley KS, Dupree P. Analysis of detergent-resistant membranes in Arabidopsis. Evidence for plasma membrane lipid rafts. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 137:104-16. [PMID: 15618420 PMCID: PMC548842 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.053041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2004] [Revised: 10/17/2004] [Accepted: 10/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The trafficking and function of cell surface proteins in eukaryotic cells may require association with detergent-resistant sphingolipid- and sterol-rich membrane domains. The aim of this work was to obtain evidence for lipid domain phenomena in plant membranes. A protocol to prepare Triton X-100 detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) was developed using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) callus membranes. A comparative proteomics approach using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the DRMs were highly enriched in specific proteins. They included eight glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, several plasma membrane (PM) ATPases, multidrug resistance proteins, and proteins of the stomatin/prohibitin/hypersensitive response family, suggesting that the DRMs originated from PM domains. We also identified a plant homolog of flotillin, a major mammalian DRM protein, suggesting a conserved role for this protein in lipid domain phenomena in eukaryotic cells. Lipid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the DRMs had a 4-fold higher sterol-to-protein content than the average for Arabidopsis membranes. The DRMs were also 5-fold increased in sphingolipid-to-protein ratio. Our results indicate that the preparation of DRMs can yield a very specific set of membrane proteins and suggest that the PM contains phytosterol and sphingolipid-rich lipid domains with a specialized protein composition. Our results also suggest a conserved role of lipid modification in targeting proteins to both the intracellular and extracellular leaflet of these domains. The proteins associated with these domains provide important new experimental avenues into understanding plant cell polarity and cell surface processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg H H Borner
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Marmagne A, Rouet MA, Ferro M, Rolland N, Alcon C, Joyard J, Garin J, Barbier-Brygoo H, Ephritikhine G. Identification of New Intrinsic Proteins in Arabidopsis Plasma Membrane Proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2004; 3:675-91. [PMID: 15060130 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m400001-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification and characterization of anion channel genes in plants represent a goal for a better understanding of their central role in cell signaling, osmoregulation, nutrition, and metabolism. Though channel activities have been well characterized in plasma membrane by electrophysiology, the corresponding molecular entities are little documented. Indeed, the hydrophobic protein equipment of plant plasma membrane still remains largely unknown, though several proteomic approaches have been reported. To identify new putative transport systems, we developed a new proteomic strategy based on mass spectrometry analyses of a plasma membrane fraction enriched in hydrophobic proteins. We produced from Arabidopsis cell suspensions a highly purified plasma membrane fraction and characterized it in detail by immunological and enzymatic tests. Using complementary methods for the extraction of hydrophobic proteins and mass spectrometry analyses on mono-dimensional gels, about 100 proteins have been identified, 95% of which had never been found in previous proteomic studies. The inventory of the plasma membrane proteome generated by this approach contains numerous plasma membrane integral proteins, one-third displaying at least four transmembrane segments. The plasma membrane localization was confirmed for several proteins, therefore validating such proteomic strategy. An in silico analysis shows a correlation between the putative functions of the identified proteins and the expected roles for plasma membrane in transport, signaling, cellular traffic, and metabolism. This analysis also reveals 10 proteins that display structural properties compatible with transport functions and will constitute interesting targets for further functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marmagne
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Propre de Recherche, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Kim MS, Kim YC, Cho BH. Gene expression analysis in cucumber leaves primed by root colonization with Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 upon challenge-inoculation with Corynespora cassiicola. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2004; 6:105-8. [PMID: 15045660 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-817803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Root colonization by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, a non-pathogenic rhizobacterium, induced systemic resistance in cucumber against target leaf spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola. A cDNA library was constructed using mRNA extracted from cucumber leaves 12 h after inoculation with C. cassiicola, using plants colonized by O6. To identify genes involved in O6-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR), we employed a subtractive hybridization method using mRNAs extracted from pathogen-challenged cucumber leaves of plants lacking colonization. Differential screening of the cDNA library led to the isolation of six distinct genes encoding a GTP binding protein, a 60S ribosomal protein, a hypersensitive-induced reaction protein, a ubiquitin extension protein, a pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase, and a signal recognition particle receptor. Expression of these genes was not induced by O6 colonization alone. Rather, transcript accumulation of these genes increased significantly faster and stronger in the O6 colonized than in non-colonized plants after challenge infection. Therefore, O6-mediated ISR may be associated with an enhanced capacity for the rapid and effective activation of cellular defence responses after challenge inoculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Kim
- Agricultural Plant Stress Research Center and Institute of Agriculture, Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Hakozaki H, Endo M, Masuko H, Park JI, Ito H, Uchida M, Kamada M, Takahashi H, Higashitani A, Watanabe M. Cloning and expression pattern of a novel microspore-specific gene encoding hypersensitive-induced response protein (LjHIR1) from the model legume, Lotus japonicus. Genes Genet Syst 2004; 79:307-10. [PMID: 15599061 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.79.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the microspore and pollen development, recently, we have isolated a number of anther-specific genes in the model legume, Lotus japonicus. From these anther-specific genes, we identified one novel microspore-specific gene, LjImfb-c82. In order to determine the molecular characterization of LjImfb-c82, full-length cDNA clone was first isolated and sequenced. It encoded a protein of 286 amino acids (LjHIR1), which had sequence similarity to Hypersensitive-Induced Response like protein. LjHIR1 was specifically expressed in microspore on the in situ hybridization experiment. From the sequence similarity to prohibitin-domain protein, the LjHIR1 might be related to ion channel regulation in microspore development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Hakozaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8, Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Rostoks N, Schmierer D, Kudrna D, Kleinhofs A. Barley putative hypersensitive induced reaction genes: genetic mapping, sequence analyses and differential expression in disease lesion mimic mutants. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2003; 107:1094-101. [PMID: 12928776 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2003] [Accepted: 05/02/2003] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The hypersensitive response (HR) is one of the most-efficient forms of plant defense against biotrophic pathogens, and results in localized cell death and the formation of necrotic lesions; however, the molecular components of pathways leading to HR remain largely unknown. Barley ( Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) cDNAs for putative hypersensitive-induced reaction ( HIR) genes were isolated based on DNA and amino-acid homologies to maize HIR genes. Analyses of the cDNA and genomic sequences and genetic mapping found four distinct barley HIR genes, Hv-hir1, Hv-hir2, Hv-hir3 and Hv-hir4, on chromosomes 4(4H) bin10, 7(5H) bin04, 7(5H) bin07 and 1(7H) bin03, respectively. Hv-hir1, Hv-hir2 and Hv-hir3 genes were highly homologous at both DNA and the deduced amino-acid level, but the Hv-hir4 gene was similar to the other genes only at the amino-acid sequence level. Amino-acid sequence analyses of the barley HIR proteins indicated the presence of the SPFH protein-domain characteristic for the prohibitins and stomatins which are involved in control of the cell cycle and ion channels, as well as in other membrane-associated proteins from bacteria, plants and animals. HIR genes were expressed in all organs and developement stages analyzed, indicating a vital and non-redundant function. Barley fast-neutron mutants exhibiting spontaneous HR (disease lesion mimic mutants) showed up to a 35-fold increase in Hv-hir3 expression, implicating HIR genes in the induction of HR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Rostoks
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Takahashi A, Kawasaki T, Wong HL, Suharsono U, Hirano H, Shimamoto K. Hyperphosphorylation of a mitochondrial protein, prohibitin, is induced by calyculin A in a rice lesion-mimic mutant cdr1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 132:1861-9. [PMID: 12913143 PMCID: PMC181272 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.021733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2003] [Revised: 03/15/2003] [Accepted: 04/24/2003] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The rice (Oryza sativa) lesion-mimic mutants, cell death and resistance (cdr), show spontaneous cell death on the entire leaf and exhibited significant resistance to the rice blast fungus. Our previous studies showed that CDR1 and CDR2 genes negatively regulated the phosphorylation steps leading to the activation of NADPH oxidase, which is associated with oxidative burst. To identify novel factors involved in the phosphorylation steps, the phosphorylation level of total proteins was compared between cdr mutants and wild type using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Here, we show that the phosphorylation level of four proteins in cdr1 was increased as compared with the wild type after calyculin A treatment. Partial amino acid sequences revealed that one of the four proteins is homologous to prohibitin (PHB), which has been shown to be associated with senescence and cell death and to function as a chaperone in the assembly of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex in yeast and mammals. Analysis of green fluorescent protein fusions indicated that rice PHB (OsPHB1) was targeted to mitochondria as found in yeast and mammals, suggesting a possibility that PHB is involved in defense response and/or programmed cell death through the mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0101, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|