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Correa-Galvis V, Redekop P, Guan K, Griess A, Truong TB, Wakao S, Niyogi KK, Jahns P. Photosystem II Subunit PsbS Is Involved in the Induction of LHCSR Protein-dependent Energy Dissipation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17478-87. [PMID: 27358399 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.737312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching of excess excitation energy is an important photoprotective mechanism in photosynthetic organisms. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a high quenching capacity is constitutively present and depends on the PsbS protein. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, non-photochemical quenching becomes activated upon high light acclimation and requires the accumulation of light harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR) proteins. Expression of the PsbS protein in C. reinhardtii has not been reported yet. Here, we show that PsbS is a light-induced protein in C. reinhardtii, whose accumulation under high light is further controlled by CO2 availability. PsbS accumulated after several hours of high light illumination at low CO2 At high CO2, however, PsbS was only transiently expressed under high light and was degraded after 1 h of high light exposure. PsbS accumulation correlated with an enhanced non-photochemical quenching capacity in high light-acclimated cells grown at low CO2 However, PsbS could not compensate for the function of LHCSR in an LHCSR-deficient mutant. Knockdown of PsbS accumulation led to reduction of both non-photochemical quenching capacity and LHCSR3 accumulation. Our data suggest that PsbS is essential for the activation of non-photochemical quenching in C. reinhardtii, possibly by promoting conformational changes required for activation of LHCSR3-dependent quenching in the antenna of photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Correa-Galvis
- From the Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Redekop
- From the Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharine Guan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, and
| | - Annika Griess
- From the Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thuy B Truong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, and
| | - Setsuko Wakao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, and
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, and Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Peter Jahns
- From the Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany,
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Kouřil R, Nosek L, Bartoš J, Boekema EJ, Ilík P. Evolutionary loss of light-harvesting proteins Lhcb6 and Lhcb3 in major land plant groups--break-up of current dogma. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:808-814. [PMID: 27001142 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis in plants and algae relies on the coordinated function of photosystems (PS) I and II. Their efficiency is augmented by finely-tuned light-harvesting proteins (Lhcs) connected to them. The most recent Lhcs (in evolutionary terms), Lhcb6 and Lhcb3, evolved during the transition of plants from water to land and have so far been considered to be an essential characteristic of land plants. We used single particle electron microscopy and sequence analysis to study architecture and composition of PSII supercomplex from Norway spruce and related species. We have found that there are major land plant families that lack functional lhcb6 and lhcb3 genes, which notably changes the organization of PSII supercomplexes. The Lhcb6 and Lhcb3 proteins have been lost in the gymnosperm genera Picea and Pinus (family Pinaceae) and Gnetum (Gnetales). We also revealed that the absence of these proteins in Norway spruce modifies the PSII supercomplex in such a way that it resembles its counterpart in the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, an evolutionarily older organism. Our results break a deep-rooted concept of Lhcb6 and Lhcb3 proteins being the essential characteristic of land plants, and beg the question of what the evolutionary benefit of their loss could be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kouřil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Nosek
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bartoš
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Šlechtitelů 31, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Egbert J Boekema
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Petr Ilík
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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53
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Nawrocki WJ, Santabarbara S, Mosebach L, Wollman FA, Rappaport F. State transitions redistribute rather than dissipate energy between the two photosystems in Chlamydomonas. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:16031. [PMID: 27249564 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis converts sunlight into biologically useful compounds, thus fuelling practically the entire biosphere. This process involves two photosystems acting in series powered by light harvesting complexes (LHCs) that dramatically increase the energy flux to the reaction centres. These complexes are the main targets of the regulatory processes that allow photosynthetic organisms to thrive across a broad range of light intensities. In microalgae, one mechanism for adjusting the flow of energy to the photosystems, state transitions, has a much larger amplitude than in terrestrial plants, whereas thermal dissipation of energy, the dominant regulatory mechanism in plants, only takes place after acclimation to high light. Here we show that, at variance with recent reports, microalgal state transitions do not dissipate light energy but redistribute it between the two photosystems, thereby allowing a well-balanced influx of excitation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J Nawrocki
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P. et M. Curie 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mosebach
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P. et M. Curie 75005, Paris, France
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P. et M. Curie 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Rappaport
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P. et M. Curie 75005, Paris, France
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54
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Muranaka LS, Rütgers M, Bujaldon S, Heublein A, Geimer S, Wollman FA, Schroda M. TEF30 Interacts with Photosystem II Monomers and Is Involved in the Repair of Photodamaged Photosystem II in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:821-40. [PMID: 26644506 PMCID: PMC4734564 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable capability of photosystem II (PSII) to oxidize water comes along with its vulnerability to oxidative damage. Accordingly, organisms harboring PSII have developed strategies to protect PSII from oxidative damage and to repair damaged PSII. Here, we report on the characterization of the THYLAKOID ENRICHED FRACTION30 (TEF30) protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which is conserved in the green lineage and induced by high light. Fractionation studies revealed that TEF30 is associated with the stromal side of thylakoid membranes. By using blue native/Deriphat-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sucrose density gradients, and isolated PSII particles, we found TEF30 to quantitatively interact with monomeric PSII complexes. Electron microscopy images revealed significantly reduced thylakoid membrane stacking in TEF30-underexpressing cells when compared with control cells. Biophysical and immunological data point to an impaired PSII repair cycle in TEF30-underexpressing cells and a reduced ability to form PSII supercomplexes after high-light exposure. Taken together, our data suggest potential roles for TEF30 in facilitating the incorporation of a new D1 protein and/or the reintegration of CP43 into repaired PSII monomers, protecting repaired PSII monomers from undergoing repeated repair cycles or facilitating the migration of repaired PSII monomers back to stacked regions for supercomplex reassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Segatto Muranaka
- Molekulare Biotechnologie und Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany (L.S.M., M.R., M.S.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 7141 Paris, France (S.B., F.-A.W.); andZellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany (A.H., S.G.)
| | - Mark Rütgers
- Molekulare Biotechnologie und Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany (L.S.M., M.R., M.S.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 7141 Paris, France (S.B., F.-A.W.); andZellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany (A.H., S.G.)
| | - Sandrine Bujaldon
- Molekulare Biotechnologie und Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany (L.S.M., M.R., M.S.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 7141 Paris, France (S.B., F.-A.W.); andZellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany (A.H., S.G.)
| | - Anja Heublein
- Molekulare Biotechnologie und Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany (L.S.M., M.R., M.S.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 7141 Paris, France (S.B., F.-A.W.); andZellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany (A.H., S.G.)
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Molekulare Biotechnologie und Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany (L.S.M., M.R., M.S.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 7141 Paris, France (S.B., F.-A.W.); andZellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany (A.H., S.G.)
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Molekulare Biotechnologie und Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany (L.S.M., M.R., M.S.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 7141 Paris, France (S.B., F.-A.W.); andZellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany (A.H., S.G.)
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molekulare Biotechnologie und Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany (L.S.M., M.R., M.S.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 7141 Paris, France (S.B., F.-A.W.); andZellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany (A.H., S.G.)
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55
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Wobbe L, Bassi R, Kruse O. Multi-Level Light Capture Control in Plants and Green Algae. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:55-68. [PMID: 26545578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Life on Earth relies on photosynthesis, and the ongoing depletion of fossil carbon fuels has renewed interest in phototrophic light-energy conversion processes as a blueprint for the conversion of atmospheric CO2 into various organic compounds. Light-harvesting systems have evolved in plants and green algae, which are adapted to the light intensity and spectral composition encountered in their habitats. These organisms are constantly challenged by a fluctuating light supply and other environmental cues affecting photosynthetic performance. Excess light can be especially harmful, but plants and microalgae are equipped with different acclimation mechanisms to control the processing of sunlight absorbed at both photosystems. We summarize the current knowledge and discuss the potential for optimization of phototrophic light-energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Wobbe
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Universita degli Studi di Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Olaf Kruse
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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56
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Le Quiniou C, van Oort B, Drop B, van Stokkum IHM, Croce R. The High Efficiency of Photosystem I in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Is Maintained after the Antenna Size Is Substantially Increased by the Association of Light-harvesting Complexes II. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30587-95. [PMID: 26504081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.687970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystems (PS) I and II activities depend on their light-harvesting capacity and trapping efficiency, which vary in different environmental conditions. For optimal functioning, these activities need to be balanced. This is achieved by redistribution of excitation energy between the two photosystems via the association and disassociation of light-harvesting complexes (LHC) II, in a process known as state transitions. Here we study the effect of LHCII binding to PSI on its absorption properties and trapping efficiency by comparing time-resolved fluorescence kinetics of PSI-LHCI and PSI-LHCI-LHCII complexes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PSI-LHCI-LHCII of C. reinhardtii is the largest PSI supercomplex isolated so far and contains seven Lhcbs, in addition to the PSI core and the nine Lhcas that compose PSI-LHCI, together binding ∼ 320 chlorophylls. The average decay time for PSI-LHCI-LHCII is ∼ 65 ps upon 400 nm excitation (15 ps slower than PSI-LHCI) and ∼ 78 ps upon 475 nm excitation (27 ps slower). The transfer of excitation energy from LHCII to PSI-LHCI occurs in ∼ 60 ps. This relatively slow transfer, as compared with that from LHCI to the PSI core, suggests loose connectivity between LHCII and PSI-LHCI. Despite the relatively slow transfer, the overall decay time of PSI-LHCI-LHCII remains fast enough to assure a 96% trapping efficiency, which is only 1.4% lower than that of PSI-LHCI, concomitant with an increase of the absorption cross section of 47%. This indicates that, at variance with PSII, the design of PSI allows for a large increase of its light-harvesting capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Le Quiniou
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Oort
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bartlomiej Drop
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo H M van Stokkum
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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57
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Regulation of excitation energy transfer in diatom PSII dimer: How does it change the destination of excitation energy? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1274-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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58
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Schmidt SB, Persson DP, Powikrowska M, Frydenvang J, Schjoerring JK, Jensen PE, Husted S. Metal Binding in Photosystem II Super- and Subcomplexes from Barley Thylakoids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:1490-502. [PMID: 26084923 PMCID: PMC4528757 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Metals exert important functions in the chloroplast of plants, where they act as cofactors and catalysts in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. In particular, manganese (Mn) has a key function because of its indispensable role in the water-splitting reaction of photosystem II (PSII). More and better knowledge is required on how the various complexes of PSII are affected in response to, for example, nutritional disorders and other environmental stress conditions. We here present, to our knowledge, a new method that allows the analysis of metal binding in intact photosynthetic complexes of barley (Hordeum vulgare) thylakoids. The method is based on size exclusion chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Proper fractionation of PSII super- and subcomplexes was achieved by critical selection of elution buffers, detergents for protein solubilization, and stabilizers to maintain complex integrity. The applicability of the method was shown by quantification of Mn binding in PSII from thylakoids of two barley genotypes with contrasting Mn efficiency exposed to increasing levels of Mn deficiency. The amount of PSII supercomplexes was drastically reduced in response to Mn deficiency. The Mn efficient genotype bound significantly more Mn per unit of PSII under control and mild Mn deficiency conditions than the inefficient genotype, despite having lower or similar total leaf Mn concentrations. It is concluded that the new method facilitates studies of the internal use of Mn and other biometals in various PSII complexes as well as their relative dynamics according to changes in environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel Birkelund Schmidt
- Plant and Soil Science (S.B.S., D.P.P., J.F., J.K.S., S.H.) andMolecular Plant Biology (M.P., P.E.J.) Sections, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Pergament Persson
- Plant and Soil Science (S.B.S., D.P.P., J.F., J.K.S., S.H.) andMolecular Plant Biology (M.P., P.E.J.) Sections, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marta Powikrowska
- Plant and Soil Science (S.B.S., D.P.P., J.F., J.K.S., S.H.) andMolecular Plant Biology (M.P., P.E.J.) Sections, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jens Frydenvang
- Plant and Soil Science (S.B.S., D.P.P., J.F., J.K.S., S.H.) andMolecular Plant Biology (M.P., P.E.J.) Sections, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jan K Schjoerring
- Plant and Soil Science (S.B.S., D.P.P., J.F., J.K.S., S.H.) andMolecular Plant Biology (M.P., P.E.J.) Sections, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Plant and Soil Science (S.B.S., D.P.P., J.F., J.K.S., S.H.) andMolecular Plant Biology (M.P., P.E.J.) Sections, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Plant and Soil Science (S.B.S., D.P.P., J.F., J.K.S., S.H.) andMolecular Plant Biology (M.P., P.E.J.) Sections, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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59
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Gerotto C, Franchin C, Arrigoni G, Morosinotto T. In Vivo Identification of Photosystem II Light Harvesting Complexes Interacting with PHOTOSYSTEM II SUBUNIT S. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:1747-61. [PMID: 26069151 PMCID: PMC4528743 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light is the primary energy source for photosynthetic organisms, but in excess, it can generate reactive oxygen species and lead to cell damage. Plants evolved multiple mechanisms to modulate light use efficiency depending on illumination intensity to thrive in a highly dynamic natural environment. One of the main mechanisms for protection from intense illumination is the dissipation of excess excitation energy as heat, a process called nonphotochemical quenching. In plants, nonphotochemical quenching induction depends on the generation of a pH gradient across thylakoid membranes and on the presence of a protein called PHOTOSYSTEM II SUBUNIT S (PSBS). Here, we generated Physcomitrella patens lines expressing histidine-tagged PSBS that were exploited to purify the native protein by affinity chromatography. The mild conditions used in the purification allowed copurifying PSBS with its interactors, which were identified by mass spectrometry analysis to be mainly photosystem II antenna proteins, such as LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX B (LHCB). PSBS interaction with other proteins appears to be promiscuous and not exclusive, although the major proteins copurified with PSBS were components of the LHCII trimers (LHCB3 and LHCBM). These results provide evidence of a physical interaction between specific photosystem II light-harvesting complexes and PSBS in the thylakoids, suggesting that these subunits are major players in heat dissipation of excess energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Gerotto
- Department of Biology (C.G., T.M.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.F., G.A.), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; andProteomics Center of Padova University, 35129 Padova, Italy (C.F., G.A.)
| | - Cinzia Franchin
- Department of Biology (C.G., T.M.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.F., G.A.), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; andProteomics Center of Padova University, 35129 Padova, Italy (C.F., G.A.)
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biology (C.G., T.M.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.F., G.A.), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; andProteomics Center of Padova University, 35129 Padova, Italy (C.F., G.A.)
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Department of Biology (C.G., T.M.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.F., G.A.), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; andProteomics Center of Padova University, 35129 Padova, Italy (C.F., G.A.)
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60
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Bergner SV, Scholz M, Trompelt K, Barth J, Gäbelein P, Steinbeck J, Xue H, Clowez S, Fucile G, Goldschmidt-Clermont M, Fufezan C, Hippler M. STATE TRANSITION7-Dependent Phosphorylation Is Modulated by Changing Environmental Conditions, and Its Absence Triggers Remodeling of Photosynthetic Protein Complexes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:615-34. [PMID: 25858915 PMCID: PMC4453777 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants and algae, the serine/threonine kinase STN7/STT7, orthologous protein kinases in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), respectively, is an important regulator in acclimation to changing light environments. In this work, we assessed STT7-dependent protein phosphorylation under high light in C. reinhardtii, known to fully induce the expression of light-harvesting complex stress-related protein3 (LHCSR3) and a nonphotochemical quenching mechanism, in relationship to anoxia where the activity of cyclic electron flow is stimulated. Our quantitative proteomics data revealed numerous unique STT7 protein substrates and STT7-dependent protein phosphorylation variations that were reliant on the environmental condition. These results indicate that STT7-dependent phosphorylation is modulated by the environment and point to an intricate chloroplast phosphorylation network responding in a highly sensitive and dynamic manner to environmental cues and alterations in kinase function. Functionally, the absence of the STT7 kinase triggered changes in protein expression and photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) and resulted in the remodeling of photosynthetic complexes. This remodeling initiated a pronounced association of LHCSR3 with PSI-light harvesting complex I (LHCI)-ferredoxin-NADPH oxidoreductase supercomplexes. Lack of STT7 kinase strongly diminished PSII-LHCII supercomplexes, while PSII core complex phosphorylation and accumulation were significantly enhanced. In conclusion, our study provides strong evidence that the regulation of protein phosphorylation is critical for driving successful acclimation to high light and anoxic growth environments and gives new insights into acclimation strategies to these environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Verena Bergner
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Kerstin Trompelt
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Johannes Barth
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Philipp Gäbelein
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Janina Steinbeck
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Huidan Xue
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Sophie Clowez
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Geoffrey Fucile
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Michel Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Christian Fufezan
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
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Minagawa J, Tokutsu R. Dynamic regulation of photosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:413-428. [PMID: 25702778 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants and algae have acquired the ability to acclimatize to ever-changing environments to survive. During photosynthesis, light energy is converted by several membrane protein supercomplexes into electrochemical energy, which is eventually used to assimilate CO2 . The efficiency of photosynthesis is modulated by many environmental factors, including temperature, drought, CO2 concentration, and the quality and quantity of light. Recently, our understanding of such regulators of photosynthesis and the underlying molecular mechanisms has increased considerably. The photosynthetic supercomplexes undergo supramolecular reorganizations within a short time after receiving environmental cues. These reorganizations include state transitions that balance the excitation of the two photosystems: qE quenching, which thermally dissipates excess energy at the level of the light-harvesting antenna, and cyclic electron flow, which supplies the increased ATP demanded by CO2 assimilation and the pH gradient to activate qE quenching. This review focuses on the recent findings regarding the environmental regulation of photosynthesis in model organisms, paying particular attention to the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which offer a glimpse into the dynamic behavior of photosynthetic machinery in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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Xue H, Tokutsu R, Bergner SV, Scholz M, Minagawa J, Hippler M. PHOTOSYSTEM II SUBUNIT R is required for efficient binding of LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX STRESS-RELATED PROTEIN3 to photosystem II-light-harvesting supercomplexes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:1566-78. [PMID: 25699588 PMCID: PMC4378180 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX STRESS-RELATED PROTEIN3 (LHCSR3) protein is crucial for efficient energy-dependent thermal dissipation of excess absorbed light energy and functionally associates with photosystem II-light-harvesting complex II (PSII-LHCII) supercomplexes. Currently, it is unknown how LHCSR3 binds to the PSII-LHCII supercomplex. In this study, we investigated the role of PHOTOSYSTEM II SUBUNIT R (PSBR) an intrinsic membrane-spanning PSII subunit, in the binding of LHCSR3 to PSII-LHCII supercomplexes. Down-regulation of PSBR expression diminished the efficiency of oxygen evolution and the extent of nonphotochemical quenching and had an impact on the stability of the oxygen-evolving complex as well as on PSII-LHCII-LHCSR3 supercomplex formation. Its down-regulation destabilized the PSII-LHCII supercomplex and strongly reduced the binding of LHCSR3 to PSII-LHCII supercomplexes, as revealed by quantitative proteomics. PHOTOSYSTEM II SUBUNIT P deletion, on the contrary, destabilized PHOTOSYSTEM II SUBUNIT Q binding but did not affect PSBR and LHCSR3 association with PSII-LHCII. In summary, these data provide clear evidence that PSBR is required for the stable binding of LHCSR3 to PSII-LHCII supercomplexes and is essential for efficient energy-dependent quenching and the integrity of the PSII-LHCII-LHCSR3 supercomplex under continuous high light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Xue
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Muenster, Germany (H.X., S.V.B., M.S., M.H.); andDivision of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan (R.T., J.M.)
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Muenster, Germany (H.X., S.V.B., M.S., M.H.); andDivision of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan (R.T., J.M.)
| | - Sonja Verena Bergner
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Muenster, Germany (H.X., S.V.B., M.S., M.H.); andDivision of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan (R.T., J.M.)
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Muenster, Germany (H.X., S.V.B., M.S., M.H.); andDivision of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan (R.T., J.M.)
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Muenster, Germany (H.X., S.V.B., M.S., M.H.); andDivision of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan (R.T., J.M.)
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Muenster, Germany (H.X., S.V.B., M.S., M.H.); andDivision of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan (R.T., J.M.)
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63
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Towards structural and functional characterization of photosynthetic and mitochondrial supercomplexes. Micron 2015; 72:39-51. [PMID: 25841081 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bioenergetic reactions in chloroplasts and mitochondria are catalyzed by large multi-subunit membrane proteins. About two decades ago it became clear that several of these large membrane proteins further associate into supercomplexes and since then a number of new ones have been described. In this review we focus on supercomplexes involved in light harvesting and electron transfer in the primary reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis and on the mitochondrial supercomplexes that catalyze electron transfer and ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation. Functional and structural aspects are overviewed. In addition, several relevant technical aspects are discussed, including membrane solubilization with suitable detergents and methods of purification. Some open questions are addressed, such as the lack of high-resolution structures, the outstanding gaps in the knowledge about supercomplexes involved in cyclic electron transport in photosynthesis and the unusual mitochondrial protein complexes of protists and in particular of ciliates.
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Xue H, Bergner SV, Scholz M, Hippler M. Novel insights into the function of LHCSR3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1058462. [PMID: 26237677 PMCID: PMC4854336 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1058462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Light is essential for photosynthesis but excess light is hazardous as it may lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Photosynthetic organisms struggle to optimize light utilization and photosynthesis while minimizing photo-oxidative damage. Hereby light to heat dissipation via specialized proteins is a potent mechanism to acclimate toward excess light. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii the expression of an ancient light-harvesting protein LHCSR3 enables cells to dissipate harmful excess energy. Herein we summarize newest insights into the function of LHCSR3 from C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Xue
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology; University of Münster; Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Verena Bergner
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology; University of Münster; Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology; University of Münster; Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology; University of Münster; Münster, Germany
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65
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Grewe S, Ballottari M, Alcocer M, D'Andrea C, Blifernez-Klassen O, Hankamer B, Mussgnug JH, Bassi R, Kruse O. Light-Harvesting Complex Protein LHCBM9 Is Critical for Photosystem II Activity and Hydrogen Production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1598-1611. [PMID: 24706511 PMCID: PMC4036574 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.124198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms developed multiple strategies for balancing light-harvesting versus intracellular energy utilization to survive ever-changing environmental conditions. The light-harvesting complex (LHC) protein family is of paramount importance for this function and can form light-harvesting pigment protein complexes. In this work, we describe detailed analyses of the photosystem II (PSII) LHC protein LHCBM9 of the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in terms of expression kinetics, localization, and function. In contrast to most LHC members described before, LHCBM9 expression was determined to be very low during standard cell cultivation but strongly increased as a response to specific stress conditions, e.g., when nutrient availability was limited. LHCBM9 was localized as part of PSII supercomplexes but was not found in association with photosystem I complexes. Knockdown cell lines with 50 to 70% reduced amounts of LHCBM9 showed reduced photosynthetic activity upon illumination and severe perturbation of hydrogen production activity. Functional analysis, performed on isolated PSII supercomplexes and recombinant LHCBM9 proteins, demonstrated that presence of LHCBM9 resulted in faster chlorophyll fluorescence decay and reduced production of singlet oxygen, indicating upgraded photoprotection. We conclude that LHCBM9 has a special role within the family of LHCII proteins and serves an important protective function during stress conditions by promoting efficient light energy dissipation and stabilizing PSII supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Grewe
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy Group, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marcelo Alcocer
- INF-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cosimo D'Andrea
- INF-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Olga Blifernez-Klassen
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy Group, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ben Hankamer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jan H Mussgnug
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy Group, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Olaf Kruse
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy Group, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Chloroplast remodeling during state transitions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as revealed by noninvasive techniques in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:5042-7. [PMID: 24639515 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322494111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to changes in light quality by regulating the absorption capacity of their photosystems. These short-term adaptations use redox-controlled, reversible phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complexes (LHCIIs) to regulate the relative absorption cross-section of the two photosystems (PSs), commonly referred to as state transitions. It is acknowledged that state transitions induce substantial reorganizations of the PSs. However, their consequences on the chloroplast structure are more controversial. Here, we investigate how state transitions affect the chloroplast structure and function using complementary approaches for the living cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using small-angle neutron scattering, we found a strong periodicity of the thylakoids in state 1, with characteristic repeat distances of ∼ 200 Å, which was almost completely lost in state 2. As revealed by circular dichroism, changes in the thylakoid periodicity were paralleled by modifications in the long-range order arrangement of the photosynthetic complexes, which was reduced by ∼ 20% in state 2 compared with state 1, but was not abolished. Furthermore, absorption spectroscopy reveals that the enhancement of PSI antenna size during state 1 to state 2 transition (∼ 20%) is not commensurate to the decrease in PSII antenna size (∼ 70%), leading to the possibility that a large part of the phosphorylated LHCIIs do not bind to PSI, but instead form energetically quenched complexes, which were shown to be either associated with PSII supercomplexes or in a free form. Altogether these noninvasive in vivo approaches allow us to present a more likely scenario for state transitions that explains their molecular mechanism and physiological consequences.
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State transitions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strongly modulate the functional size of photosystem II but not of photosystem I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3460-5. [PMID: 24550508 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319164111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and green algae optimize photosynthesis in changing light conditions by balancing the amount of light absorbed by photosystems I and II. These photosystems work in series to extract electrons from water and reduce NADP(+) to NADPH. Light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) are held responsible for maintaining the balance by moving from one photosystem to the other in a process called state transitions. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a photosynthetic model organism, state transitions are thought to involve 80% of the LHCs. Here, we demonstrate with picosecond-fluorescence spectroscopy on C. reinhardtii cells that, although LHCs indeed detach from photosystem II in state 2 conditions, only a fraction attaches to photosystem I. The detached antenna complexes become protected against photodamage via shortening of the excited-state lifetime. It is discussed how the transition from state 1 to state 2 can protect C. reinhardtii in high-light conditions and how this differs from the situation in plants.
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68
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Finazzi G, Minagawa J. High Light Acclimation in Green Microalgae. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9032-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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69
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Drop B, Webber-Birungi M, Yadav SK, Filipowicz-Szymanska A, Fusetti F, Boekema EJ, Croce R. Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) and its supramolecular organization in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms are continuously subjected to changes in light quantity and quality, and must adjust their photosynthetic machinery so that it maintains optimal performance under limiting light and minimizes photodamage under excess light. To achieve this goal, these organisms use two main strategies in which light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), the light-harvesting system of photosystem II (PSII), plays a key role both for the collection of light energy and for photoprotection. The first is energy-dependent nonphotochemical quenching, whereby the high-light-induced proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane triggers a process in which excess excitation energy is harmlessly dissipated as heat. The second involves a redistribution of the mobile LHCII between the two photosystems in response to changes in the redox poise of the electron transport chain sensed through a signaling chain. These two processes strongly diminish the production of damaging reactive oxygen species, but photodamage of PSII is unavoidable, and it is repaired efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
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71
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Minagawa J. Dynamic reorganization of photosynthetic supercomplexes during environmental acclimation of photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:513. [PMID: 24381578 PMCID: PMC3865443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants and algae have acquired the ability to acclimate to ever-changing environments in order to survive. During photosynthesis, light energy is converted by several membrane protein supercomplexes into electrochemical energy, which is eventually used to assimilate CO2. The efficiency of photosynthesis is modulated by many environmental factors such as quality and quantity of light, temperature, drought, and CO2 concentration, among others. Accumulating evidence indicates that photosynthetic supercomplexes undergo supramolecular reorganization within a short time frame during acclimation to an environmental change. This reorganization includes state transitions that balance the excitation of photosystem I and II by shuttling peripheral antenna proteins between the two, thermal energy dissipation that occurs at energy-quenching sites within the light-harvesting antenna generated for negative feedback when excess light is absorbed, and cyclic electron flow that is facilitated between photosystem I and the cytochrome bf complex when cells demand more ATP and/or need to activate energy dissipation. This review will highlight the recent findings regarding these environmental acclimation events in model organisms with particular attention to the unicellular green alga C. reinhardtii and with reference to the vascular plant A. thaliana, which offers a glimpse into the dynamic behavior of photosynthetic machineries in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Minagawa
- *Correspondence: Jun Minagawa, Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan e-mail:
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72
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Müller C, Kraushaar K, Doebbe A, Mussgnug JH, Kruse O, Kroke E, Patel AV. Synthesis of transparent aminosilane-derived silica based networks for entrapment of sensitive materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10163-5. [PMID: 24051654 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45023f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel sol-gel synthesis route is reported which results in the formation of optically transparent silica based hydro- and xerogels from an aminosilane precursor in aqueous solutions. These materials can be used for entrapment of microalgae and light-harvesting complex (LHC) samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Müller
- University of Applied Sciences Bielefeld, Faculty of Engineering Science and Mathematics, Wilhelm-Bertelsmann-Str. 10, 33602 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Schneider A, Geissler P. Coexistence of fluid and crystalline phases of proteins in photosynthetic membranes. Biophys J 2013; 105:1161-70. [PMID: 24010659 PMCID: PMC3762348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) and its associated light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) are highly concentrated in the stacked grana regions of photosynthetic thylakoid membranes. PSII-LHCII supercomplexes can be arranged in disordered packings, ordered arrays, or mixtures thereof. The physical driving forces underlying array formation are unknown, complicating attempts to determine a possible functional role for arrays in regulating light harvesting or energy conversion efficiency. Here, we introduce a coarse-grained model of protein interactions in coupled photosynthetic membranes, focusing on just two particle types that feature simple shapes and potential energies motivated by structural studies. Reporting on computer simulations of the model's equilibrium fluctuations, we demonstrate its success in reproducing diverse structural features observed in experiments, including extended PSII-LHCII arrays. Free energy calculations reveal that the appearance of arrays marks a phase transition from the disordered fluid state to a system-spanning crystal. The predicted region of fluid-crystal coexistence is broad, encompassing much of the physiologically relevant parameter regime; we propose experiments that could test this prediction. Our results suggest that grana membranes lie at or near phase coexistence, conferring significant structural and functional flexibility to this densely packed membrane protein system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Schneider
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Phillip L. Geissler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California and Chemical Sciences and Physical Biosciences Divisions, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California
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Energy-dissipative supercomplex of photosystem II associated with LHCSR3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:10016-21. [PMID: 23716695 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222606110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and green algae have a low pH-inducible mechanism in photosystem II (PSII) that dissipates excess light energy, measured as the nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (qE). Recently, nonphotochemical quenching 4 (npq4), a mutant strain of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that is qE-deficient and lacks the light-harvesting complex stress-related protein 3 (LHCSR3), was reported [Peers G, et al. (2009) Nature 462(7272):518-521]. Here, applying a newly established procedure, we isolated the PSII supercomplex and its associated light-harvesting proteins from both WT C. reinhardtii and the npq4 mutant grown in either low light (LL) or high light (HL). LHCSR3 was present in the PSII supercomplex from the HL-grown WT, but not in the supercomplex from the LL-grown WT or mutant. The purified PSII supercomplex containing LHCSR3 exhibited a normal fluorescence lifetime at a neutral pH (7.5) by single-photon counting analysis, but a significantly shorter lifetime at pH 5.5, which mimics the acidified lumen of the thylakoid membranes in HL-exposed chloroplasts. The switch from light-harvesting mode to energy-dissipating mode observed in the LHCSR3-containing PSII supercomplex was sensitive to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, a protein-modifying agent specific to protonatable amino acid residues. We conclude that the PSII-LHCII-LHCSR3 supercomplex formed in the HL-grown C. reinhardtii cells is capable of energy dissipation on protonation of LHCSR3.
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Wientjes E, van Amerongen H, Croce R. Quantum yield of charge separation in photosystem II: functional effect of changes in the antenna size upon light acclimation. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11200-8. [PMID: 23534376 DOI: 10.1021/jp401663w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have studied thylakoid membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana acclimated to different light conditions and have related protein composition to excitation energy transfer and trapping kinetics in Photosystem II (PSII). In high light: the plants have reduced amounts of the antenna complexes LHCII and CP24, the overall trapping time of PSII is only ∼180 ps, and the quantum efficiency reaches a value of 91%. In low light: LHCII is upregulated, the PSII lifetime becomes ∼310 ps, and the efficiency decreases to 84%. This difference is largely caused by slower excitation energy migration to the reaction centers in low-light plants due to the LHCII trimers that are not part of the C2S2M2 supercomplex. This pool of "extra" LHCII normally transfers energy to both photosystems, whereas it transfers only to PSII upon far-red light treatment (state 1). It is shown that in high light the reduction of LHCII mainly concerns the LHCII-M trimers, while the pool of "extra" LHCII remains intact and state transitions continue to occur. The obtained values for the efficiency of PSII are compared with the values of Fv/Fm, a parameter that is widely used to indicate the PSII quantum efficiency, and the observed differences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Wientjes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam , 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Allorent G, Tokutsu R, Roach T, Peers G, Cardol P, Girard-Bascou J, Seigneurin-Berny D, Petroutsos D, Kuntz M, Breyton C, Franck F, Wollman FA, Niyogi KK, Krieger-Liszkay A, Minagawa J, Finazzi G. A dual strategy to cope with high light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:545-57. [PMID: 23424243 PMCID: PMC3608777 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Absorption of light in excess of the capacity for photosynthetic electron transport is damaging to photosynthetic organisms. Several mechanisms exist to avoid photodamage, which are collectively referred to as nonphotochemical quenching. This term comprises at least two major processes. State transitions (qT) represent changes in the relative antenna sizes of photosystems II and I. High energy quenching (qE) is the increased thermal dissipation of light energy triggered by lumen acidification. To investigate the respective roles of qE and qT in photoprotection, a mutant (npq4 stt7-9) was generated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by crossing the state transition-deficient mutant (stt7-9) with a strain having a largely reduced qE capacity (npq4). The comparative phenotypic analysis of the wild type, single mutants, and double mutants reveals that both state transitions and qE are induced by high light. Moreover, the double mutant exhibits an increased photosensitivity with respect to the single mutants and the wild type. Therefore, we suggest that besides qE, state transitions also play a photoprotective role during high light acclimation of the cells, most likely by decreasing hydrogen peroxide production. These results are discussed in terms of the relative photoprotective benefit related to thermal dissipation of excess light and/or to the physical displacement of antennas from photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Allorent
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 444-8585 Okazaki, Japan
| | - Thomas Roach
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives Saclay, Institute of Biology and Technology-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8221, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Graham Peers
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1062
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Microorganismes Département des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Jacqueline Girard-Bascou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie Institut de Biologie Physico Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Daphné Seigneurin-Berny
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Dimitris Petroutsos
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Marcel Kuntz
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Breyton
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5075, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique/Université Grenoble 1, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Franck
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique, Département des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie Institut de Biologie Physico Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Krishna K. Niyogi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-3102
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives Saclay, Institute of Biology and Technology-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8221, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 444-8585 Okazaki, Japan
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Address correspondence to
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