51
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Ohtsu H, Dempsey PJ, Frank GD, Brailoiu E, Higuchi S, Suzuki H, Nakashima H, Eguchi K, Eguchi S. ADAM17 Mediates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Hypertrophy Induced by Angiotensin II. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:e133-7. [PMID: 16840716 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000236203.90331.d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) transactivation mediated through a metalloprotease-dependent shedding of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF). However, the identity of the metalloprotease responsible for this process remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS To identify the metalloprotease required for Ang II-induced EGFR transactivation, primary cultured aortic VSMCs were infected with retrovirus encoding dominant negative (dn) mutant of ADAM10 or ADAM17. EGFR transactivation induced by Ang II was inhibited in VSMCs infected with dnADAM17 retrovirus but not with dnADAM10 retrovirus. However, Ang II comparably stimulated intracellular Ca2+ elevation and JAK2 tyrosine phosphorylation in these VSMCs. In addition, dnADAM17 inhibited HB-EGF shedding induced by Ang II in A10 VSMCs expressing the AT1 receptor. Moreover, Ang II enhanced protein synthesis and cell volume in VSMCs infected with control retrovirus, but not in VSMCs infected with dnADAM17 retrovirus. CONCLUSIONS ADAM17 activated by the AT1 receptor is responsible for EGFR transactivation and subsequent protein synthesis in VSMCs. These findings demonstrate a previously missing molecular mechanism by which Ang II promotes vascular remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- ADAM Proteins/genetics
- ADAM Proteins/metabolism
- ADAM17 Protein
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- Genes, Dominant
- Hypertrophy
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Rats
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Ohtsu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 N. Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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52
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Gödde NJ, D'Abaco GM, Paradiso L, Novak U. Efficient ADAM22 surface expression is mediated by phosphorylation-dependent interaction with 14-3-3 protein family members. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:3296-305. [PMID: 16868027 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM22 is one of three catalytically inactive ADAM family members highly expressed in the brain. ADAM22 has numerous splice variants, all with considerable cytoplasmic tails of up to 148 amino acids. ADAM22 can act to inhibit cell proliferation, however, it has been suggested that it also acts as an adhesion protein. We identified three 14-3-3 protein members by a yeast two-hybrid screen and show by co-immunoprecipitation that the cytoplasmic domain of ADAM22 can interact with all six 14-3-3 proteins expressed in the brain. In addition, we show that 14-3-3 proteins interact preferentially with the serine phosphorylated precursor form of ADAM22. ADAM22 has two 14-3-3 protein binding consensus motifs; the first binding site, spanning residues 831-834, was shown to be the most crucial for 14-3-3 binding to occur. The interaction between ADAM22 and 14-3-3 proteins is dependent on phosphorylation of ADAM22, but not of 14-3-3 proteins. ADAM22 point mutants lacking functional 14-3-3 protein binding motifs could no longer accumulate efficiently at the cell surface. Deletion of both 14-3-3 binding sites and newly identified ER retention motifs restored localization of ADAM22 at the cell surface. These results reveal a role for 14-3-3 proteins in targeting ADAM22 to the membrane by masking ER retention signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Gödde
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3050, Australia
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53
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Yang P, Baker KA, Hagg T. The ADAMs family: coordinators of nervous system development, plasticity and repair. Prog Neurobiol 2006; 79:73-94. [PMID: 16824663 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) transmembrane proteins have metalloprotease, integrin-binding, intracellular signaling and cell adhesion activities. In contrast to other metalloproteases, ADAMs are particularly important for cleavage-dependent activation of proteins such as Notch, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha), and can bind integrins. Not surprisingly, ADAMs have been shown or suggested to play important roles in the development of the nervous system, where they regulate proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival of various cells, as well as axonal growth and myelination. On the eleventh anniversary of the naming of this family of proteins, the relatively unknown ADAMs are emerging as potential therapeutic targets for neural repair. For example, over-expression of ADAM10, one of the alpha-secretases for APP, can prevent amyloid formation and hippocampal defects in an Alzheimer mouse model. Another example of this potential neural repair role is the finding that ADAM21 is uniquely associated with neurogenesis and growing axons of the adult brain. This comprehensive review will discuss the growing literature about the roles of ADAMs in the developing and adult nervous system, and their potential roles in neurological disorders. Most excitingly, the expanding understanding of their normal roles suggests that they can be manipulated to promote neural repair in the degenerating and injured adult nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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54
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Ohtsu H, Dempsey PJ, Eguchi S. ADAMs as mediators of EGF receptor transactivation by G protein-coupled receptors. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 291:C1-10. [PMID: 16769815 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00620.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) is a membrane-anchored metalloprotease implicated in the ectodomain shedding of cell surface proteins, including the ligands for epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors (EGFR)/ErbB. It has been well documented that the transactivation of the EGFR plays critical roles for many cellular functions, such as proliferation and migration mediated through multiple G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Recent accumulating evidence has suggested that ADAMs are the key metalloproteases activated by several GPCR agonists to produce a mature EGFR ligand leading to the EGFR transactivation. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on ADAMs implicated in mediating EGFR transactivation. The major focus of the review will be on the possible upstream mechanisms of ADAM activation by GPCRs as well as downstream signal transduction and the pathophysiological significances of ADAM-dependent EGFR transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Ohtsu
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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55
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Sanderson MP, Dempsey PJ, Dunbar AJ. Control of ErbB signaling through metalloprotease mediated ectodomain shedding of EGF-like factors. Growth Factors 2006; 24:121-36. [PMID: 16801132 DOI: 10.1080/08977190600634373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like proteins comprise a group of structurally similar growth factors, which contain a conserved six-cysteine residue motif called the EGF-domain. EGF-like factors are synthesized as transmembrane precursors, which can undergo proteolytic cleavage at the cell surface to release a mature soluble ectodomain; a process often referred to as "ectodomain shedding". Ectodomain shedding of EGF-like factors has been linked to multiple zinc-binding metalloproteases of the matrix metalloprotease (MMP) and a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) families. Shedding can be activated by a variety of pharmacological and physiological stimuli and these activation events have been linked to the enhancement of metalloprotease activity, possibly via the action of intracellular signaling modules. Once shed from the cell surface, EGF-like factors bind to a family of four cell surface receptors named ErbB-1, -2, -3 and -4. Heterodimerization or homodimerization of these receptors following ligand binding drives intracellular signal transduction cascades, which eventuate in diverse cell fates including proliferation, differentiation, migration and inhibition of apoptosis. In addition to its role in driving normal developmental processes, a wealth of evidence now exists showing that de-regulated ErbB signaling is associated with the formation of tumors in a variety of tissues and that ectodomain shedding of EGF-like factors plays a critical event in this process. Thus, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which EGF-like factors are shed from the cell surface and the nature of the proteases and cellular signals that govern this process is crucial to understanding ErbB receptor signaling and potentially also in the development of novel cancer therapeutics targeting the ErbB pathway. This review focuses on the structure and function of EGF-like factors, and the mechanisms that govern the shedding of these transmembrane molecules from the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Sanderson
- Tumor Immunology Programme, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
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56
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Ortiz RM, Kärkkäinen I, Huovila APJ. Aberrant alternative exon use and increased copy number of human metalloprotease-disintegrin ADAM15 gene in breast cancer cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2005; 41:366-78. [PMID: 15384173 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM genes have been associated with cancer, with ADAM expression, genomic rearrangements, and, by implication of ADAM proteins in the altered behavior found in tumor cells. In the present study, increased copy number of the ADAM15 gene in human breast cancer cell lines was demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. This was not reflected in mRNA levels, however. Instead, the use of alternative ADAM15 exons appeared erratic, leading to aberrant combinations of ADAM15 mRNA isoforms in the cancer cells. Clustering analysis indicated that these isoform patterns were nonrandom, suggesting a failure in the regulation mechanism or mechanisms of the alternative exon usage. Altered regulation of alternative exon usage may provide a useful target for cancer diagnostics development. ADAM15 would be particularly appropriate for breast cancer diagnostics because the various combinations of its three alternatively used exons can be readily examined with a simple, straightforward PCR protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka M Ortiz
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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57
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Abstract
Cancer and many other serious diseases are characterized by the uncontrolled growth of new blood vessels. Recently, RNA interference (RNAi) has reinvigorated the therapeutic prospects for inhibiting gene expression and promises many advantages over binding inhibitors, including high specificity, which is essential for targeted therapeutics. This article describes the latest developments using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibitors to downregulate various angiogenic and tumor-associated factors, both in cell-culture assays and in animal disease models. The majority of research efforts are currently focused on understanding gene function, as well as proof-of-concept for siRNA-mediated anti-angiogenesis. The prospects for siRNA therapeutics, both advantages and looming hurdles, are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y Lu
- Intradigm Corporation, 12115 K Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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58
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Masaki M, Kurisaki T, Shirakawa K, Sehara-Fujisawa A. Role of meltrin {alpha} (ADAM12) in obesity induced by high- fat diet. Endocrinology 2005; 146:1752-63. [PMID: 15637293 DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Meltrin alpha is a member of the metalloprotease-disintegrin (ADAM) family. In this paper we demonstrate that meltrin alpha is involved in the development of white adipose tissue. Compared with wild-type mice, meltrin alpha(-/-) mice displayed moderate resistance to weight gain induced by a high-fat diet, mainly because of an impaired increase in the number of adipocytes. There was no obvious difference in adipocyte size between wild-type and meltrin alpha(-/-) mice, suggesting normal maturation of adipocytes of the latter under a high-fat diet. Embryonic fibroblasts and stromal-vascular cells lacking meltrin alpha exhibited impaired cell proliferation upon adipogenic stimulation, which was accompanied by moderate defects in adipose differentiation. Addition of culture medium conditioned with wild-type cells in an early phase of adipose differentiation did not restore the defects in the meltrin alpha(-/-) cells. These results uncover the involvement of meltrin alpha in the development of obesity and in adipogenic cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Masaki
- Department of Growth Regulation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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59
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Abstract
ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) proteins are membrane-anchored metalloproteases that process and shed the ectodomains of membrane-anchored growth factors, cytokines and receptors. ADAMs also have essential roles in fertilization, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, heart development and cancer. Research on ADAMs and their role in protein ectodomain shedding is emerging as a fertile ground for gathering new insights into the functional regulation of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl P Blobel
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 535 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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60
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Ivanov D, Dvoriantchikova G, Pestova A, Nathanson L, Shestopalov VI. Microarray analysis of fiber cell maturation in the lens. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:1213-9. [PMID: 15710416 PMCID: PMC1401504 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Revised: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian lens consists of an aged core of quiescent cells enveloped by layers of mature fully elongated cells and younger, continuously elongating transcriptionally active cells. The fiber cell maturation is initiated when fiber cells cease to elongate. The process of maturation represents a radical switch from active elongation to a life-long quiescence and has not been studied previously. It may also include critical stages of preparation for the organelle removal and denucleation. In the present study, we used laser capture microdisection (LCM) microdissection and RNA amplification to compare global gene expression profiles of young elongating and mature, non-elongating fiber cells. Analysis of microarray data from three independent dye-swap experiments identified 65 differentially expressed genes (FDR<0.1) with greater than 2-fold change in expression levels. Microarray array results for a group of randomly selected genes were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. These microarray results provide clues to understanding the molecular pathways underlying lens development. The identified changes in the profile of gene expression reflected a shift in cell physiology characterizing the lens fiber maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Ivanov
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Dvoriantchikova
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Anna Pestova
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Valery I. Shestopalov
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- *Corresponding author. Fax: +1 305 547 3658. E-mail address: (V.I. Shestopalov)
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61
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Higashiyama S, Nanba D. ADAM-mediated ectodomain shedding of HB-EGF in receptor cross-talk. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2004; 1751:110-7. [PMID: 16054021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Revised: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
All ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which has important roles in development and disease, are shed from the plasma membrane by metalloproteases. The ectodomain shedding of EGFR ligands has emerged as a critical component in the functional activation of EGFR in the interreceptor cross-talk. Identification of the sheddases for EGFR ligands using mouse embryonic cells lacking candidate sheddases (a disintegrin and metalloprotease; ADAM) has revealed that ADAM10, -12 and -17 are the sheddases of the EGFR ligands in response to various shedding stimulants such as GPCR agonists, growth factors, cytokines, osmotic stress, wounding and phorbol ester. Among the EGFR ligands, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a representative ligand to understand the pathophysiological roles of the ectodomain shedding in wound healing, cardiac diseases, etc. Here we focus on the ectodomain shedding of HB-EGF by ADAMs, which is not only a key event of receptor cross-talk but also a novel intercellular signaling by the carboxy-terminal fragment (CTF signal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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62
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Sundberg C, Thodeti CK, Kveiborg M, Larsson C, Parker P, Albrechtsen R, Wewer UM. Regulation of ADAM12 cell-surface expression by protein kinase C epsilon. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:51601-11. [PMID: 15364951 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m403753200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family consists of multidomain cell-surface proteins that have a major impact on cell behavior. These transmembrane-anchored proteins are synthesized as proforms that have (from the N terminus): a prodomain; a metalloprotease-, disintegrin-like-, cysteine-rich, epidermal growth factor-like, and transmembrane domain; and a cytoplasmic tail. The 90-kDa mature form of human ADAM12 is generated in the trans-Golgi through cleavage of the prodomain by a furin-peptidase and is stored intracellularly until translocation to the cell surface as a constitutively active protein. However, little is known about the regulation of ADAM12 cell-surface translocation. Here, we used human RD rhabdomyosarcoma cells, which express ADAM12 at the cell surface, in a temporal pattern. We report that protein kinase C (PKC) epsilon induces ADAM12 translocation to the cell surface and that catalytic activity of PKCepsilon is required for this translocation. The following results support this conclusion: 1) treatment of cells with 0.1 microM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) enhanced ADAM12 cell-surface immunostaining, 2) ADAM12 and PKCepsilon could be co-immunoprecipitated from membrane-enriched fractions of PMA-treated cells, 3) RD cells transfected with EGFP-tagged, myristoylated PKCepsilon expressed more ADAM12 at the cell surface than did non-transfected cells, and 4) RD cells transfected with a kinase-inactive PKCepsilon mutant did not exhibit ADAM12 cell-surface translocation upon PMA treatment. Finally, we demonstrate that the C1 and C2 domains of PKCepsilon both contain a binding site for ADAM12. These studies show that PKCepsilon plays a critical role in the regulation of ADAM12 cell-surface expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sundberg
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
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63
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Tanaka M, Nanba D, Mori S, Shiba F, Ishiguro H, Yoshino K, Matsuura N, Higashiyama S. ADAM binding protein Eve-1 is required for ectodomain shedding of epidermal growth factor receptor ligands. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:41950-9. [PMID: 15280379 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m400086200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs) are implicated in the ectodomain shedding of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands in EGFR transactivation. However, the activation mechanisms of ADAMs remain elusive. To analyze the regulatory mechanisms of ADAM activation, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening using the cytoplasmic domain of ADAM12 as bait, and identified a protein that we designated Eve-1. Two cDNAs were cloned and characterized. They encode alternatively spliced isoforms of Eve-1, called Eve-1a and Eve-1b, that have four and five tandem Src homology 3 (SH3) domains in the carboxyl-terminal region, respectively, and seven proline-rich SH3 domain binding motifs in the amino-terminal region. The short forms of Eve-1, Eve-1c and Eve-1d, translated at Met-371 are human counterparts of mouse Sh3d19. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that Eve-1 is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle and heart. Western blot analysis revealed the dominant production of Eve-1c in human cancer cell lines. Knockdown of Eve-1 by small interfering RNA in HT1080 cells reduced the shedding of proHB-EGF induced by angiotensin II and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, as well as the shedding of pro-transforming growth factor-alpha, promphiregulin, and proepiregulin by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, suggesting that Eve-1 plays a role in positively regulating the activity of ADAMs in the signaling of EGFR-ligand shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonari Tanaka
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Shigenobu-cho, Onsen-gun, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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64
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Kessels MM, Qualmann B. The syndapin protein family: linking membrane trafficking with the cytoskeleton. J Cell Sci 2004; 117:3077-86. [PMID: 15226389 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndapins – also called PACSINs – are highly conserved Src-homology 3 (SH3)-domain-containing proteins that seem to exist in all multicellular eukaryotes. They interact with the large GTPase dynamin and several other proteins implicated in vesicle trafficking. Syndapin-dynamin complexes appear to play an important role in vesicle fission at different donor membranes, including the plasma membrane (endocytosis) and Golgi membranes. In addition, syndapins are implicated in later steps of vesicle cycling in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Syndapins also interact with N-WASP, a potent activator of the Arp2/3 complex that forms a critical part of the actin polymerization machinery. Syndapin oligomers can thereby couple bursts of actin polymerization with the vesicle fission step involving dynamins. This allows newly formed vesicles to move away from the donor membrane driven by actin polymerization. Syndapins also engage in additional interactions with molecules involved in several signal transduction pathways, producing crosstalk at the interface between membrane trafficking and the cytoskeleton. Given the distinct expression patterns of the different syndapins and their splice forms, these proteins could have isoform-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Kessels
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
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65
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Hinkle CL, Sunnarborg SW, Loiselle D, Parker CE, Stevenson M, Russell WE, Lee DC. Selective roles for tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme/ADAM17 in the shedding of the epidermal growth factor receptor ligand family: the juxtamembrane stalk determines cleavage efficiency. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:24179-88. [PMID: 15066986 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312141200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) family ligands are derived by proteolytic cleavage of the ectodomains of integral membrane precursors. Previously, we established that tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17) is a physiologic transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) sheddase, and we also demonstrated enhanced shedding of amphiregulin (AR) and heparin-binding (HB)-EGF upon restoration of TACE activity in TACE-deficient EC-2 fibroblasts. Here we extended these results by showing that purified soluble TACE cleaved single sites in the juxtamembrane stalks of mouse pro-HB-EGF and pro-AR ectodomains in vitro. For pro-HB-EGF, this site matched the C terminus of the purified human growth factor, and we speculate that the AR cleavage site is also physiologically relevant. In contrast, ADAM9 and -10, both implicated in HB-EGF shedding, failed to cleave the ectodomain or cleaved at a nonphysiologic site, respectively. Cotransfection of TACE in EC-2 cells enhanced phorbol myristate acetate-induced but not constitutive shedding of epiregulin and had no effect on betacellulin (BTC) processing. Additionally, soluble TACE did not cleave the juxtamembrane stalks of either pro-BTC or pro-epiregulin ectodomains in vitro. Substitution of the shorter pro-BTC juxtamembrane stalk or truncation of the pro-TGF-alpha stalk to match the pro-BTC length reduced TGF-alpha shedding from transfected cells to background levels, whereas substitution of the pro-BTC P2-P2' sequence reduced TGF-alpha shedding less dramatically. Conversely, substitution of the pro-TGF-alpha stalk or lengthening of the pro-BTC stalk, especially when combined with substitution of the pro-TGF-alpha P2-P2' sequence, markedly increased BTC shedding. These results indicate that efficient TACE cleavage is determined by a combination of stalk length and scissile bond sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leann Hinkle
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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66
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Nanba D, Higashiyama S. Dual intracellular signaling by proteolytic cleavage of membrane-anchored heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2004; 15:13-9. [PMID: 14746810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), a member of the EGF family, is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor (proHB-EGF) that is cleaved to release a soluble HB-EGF by specific metalloproteases. Proteolytic cleavage of proHB-EGF yields amino- and carboxy-terminal fragments (HB-EGF and HB-EGF-C). Recent studies indicate that the processing of proHB-EGF is strictly regulated and involved in a variety of biological processes and that not only HB-EGF but also HB-EGF-C functions as a signaling molecule. ProHB-EGF generates dual intracellular signaling molecules by its proteolytic cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Shigenobu-cho, Onsen-gun, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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