51
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Mitochondrial OXPHOS Biogenesis: Co-Regulation of Protein Synthesis, Import, and Assembly Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113820. [PMID: 32481479 PMCID: PMC7312649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes is an intricate process, which—given their dual-genetic control—requires tight co-regulation of two evolutionarily distinct gene expression machineries. Moreover, fine-tuning protein synthesis to the nascent assembly of OXPHOS complexes requires regulatory mechanisms such as translational plasticity and translational activators that can coordinate mitochondrial translation with the import of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. The intricacy of OXPHOS complex biogenesis is further evidenced by the requirement of many tightly orchestrated steps and ancillary factors. Early-stage ancillary chaperones have essential roles in coordinating OXPHOS assembly, whilst late-stage assembly factors—also known as the LYRM (leucine–tyrosine–arginine motif) proteins—together with the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP)—regulate the incorporation and activation of late-incorporating OXPHOS subunits and/or co-factors. In this review, we describe recent discoveries providing insights into the mechanisms required for optimal OXPHOS biogenesis, including the coordination of mitochondrial gene expression with the availability of nuclear-encoded factors entering via mitochondrial protein import systems.
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52
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Mansilla N, Welchen E, Gonzalez DH. Arabidopsis SCO Proteins Oppositely Influence Cytochrome c Oxidase Levels and Gene Expression during Salinity Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2769-2784. [PMID: 31418792 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
SCO (synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase) proteins are involved in the insertion of copper during the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the final enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Two SCO proteins, namely, homolog of copper chaperone 1 and 2 (HCC1 and HCC2) are present in seed plants, but HCC2 lacks the residues involved in copper binding, leading to uncertainties about its function. In this study, we performed a transcriptomic and phenotypic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana plants with reduced expression of HCC1 or HCC2. We observed that a deficiency in HCC1 causes a decrease in the expression of several stress-responsive genes, both under basal growth conditions and after applying a short-term high salinity treatment. In addition, HCC1 deficient plants show a faster decrease in chlorophyll content, photosystem II quantum efficiency and COX levels after salinity stress, as well as a faster increase in alternative oxidase capacity. Notably, HCC2 deficiency causes opposite changes in most of these parameters. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis indicated that both proteins are able to interact. We postulate that HCC1 is a limiting factor for COX assembly during high salinity conditions and that HCC2 probably acts as a negative modulator of HCC1 activity through protein-protein interactions. In addition, a direct or indirect role of HCC1 and HCC2 in the gene expression response to stress is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Mansilla
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnolog�a del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), C�tedra de Biolog�a Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioqu�mica y Ciencias Biol�gicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnolog�a del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), C�tedra de Biolog�a Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioqu�mica y Ciencias Biol�gicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnolog�a del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), C�tedra de Biolog�a Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioqu�mica y Ciencias Biol�gicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
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53
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Maghool S, Cooray NDG, Stroud DA, Aragão D, Ryan MT, Maher MJ. Structural and functional characterization of the mitochondrial complex IV assembly factor Coa6. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/5/e201900458. [PMID: 31515291 PMCID: PMC6743065 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Assembly factors play key roles in the biogenesis of many multi-subunit protein complexes regulating their stability, activity, and the incorporation of essential cofactors. The human assembly factor Coa6 participates in the biogenesis of the CuA site in complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase, COX). Patients with mutations in Coa6 suffer from mitochondrial disease due to complex IV deficiency. Here, we present the crystal structures of human Coa6 and the pathogenic W59CCoa6-mutant protein. These structures show that Coa6 has a 3-helical bundle structure, with the first 2 helices tethered by disulfide bonds, one of which likely provides the copper-binding site. Disulfide-mediated oligomerization of the W59CCoa6 protein provides a structural explanation for the loss-of-function mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Maghool
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Dinesha G Cooray
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - David Aragão
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Megan J Maher
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia,School of Chemistry and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Correspondence:
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54
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Canonica F, Hennecke H, Glockshuber R. Biochemical pathway for the biosynthesis of the Cu A center in bacterial cytochrome c oxidase. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2977-2989. [PMID: 31449676 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The di-copper center CuA is an essential metal cofactor in cytochrome oxidase (Cox) of mitochondria and many prokaryotes, mediating one-electron transfer from cytochrome c to the site for oxygen reduction. CuA is located in subunit II (CoxB) of Cox and protrudes into the periplasm of Gram-negative bacteria or the mitochondrial intermembrane space. How the two copper ions are brought together to build CoxB·CuA is the subject of this review. It had been known that the reductase TlpA and the metallochaperones ScoI and PcuC are required for CuA formation in bacteria, but the mechanism of copper transfer has emerged only recently for the Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens system. It consists of the following steps: (a) TlpA keeps the active site cysteine pair of CoxB in its dithiol state as a prerequisite for metal insertion; (b) ScoI·Cu2+ rapidly forms a transient complex with apo-CoxB; (c) PcuC, loaded with Cu1+ and Cu2+ , dissociates this complex to CoxB·Cu2+ , and a second PcuC·Cu1+ ·Cu2+ transfers Cu1+ to CoxB·Cu2+ , yielding mature CoxB·CuA . Variants of this pathway might exist in other bacteria or mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Canonica
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Rudi Glockshuber
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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55
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Abstract
Copper is a redox-active transition metal ion required for the function of many essential human proteins. For biosynthesis of proteins coordinating copper, the metal may bind before, during or after folding of the polypeptide. If the metal binds to unfolded or partially folded structures of the protein, such coordination may modulate the folding reaction. The molecular understanding of how copper is incorporated into proteins requires descriptions of chemical, thermodynamic, kinetic and structural parameters involved in the formation of protein-metal complexes. Because free copper ions are toxic, living systems have elaborate copper-transport systems that include particular proteins that facilitate efficient and specific delivery of copper ions to target proteins. Therefore, these pathways become an integral part of copper protein folding in vivo. This review summarizes biophysical-molecular in vitro work assessing the role of copper in folding and stability of copper-binding proteins as well as protein-protein copper exchange reactions between human copper transport proteins. We also describe some recent findings about the participation of copper ions and copper proteins in protein misfolding and aggregation reactions in vitro.
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56
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Kim YJ, Bond GJ, Tsang T, Posimo JM, Busino L, Brady DC. Copper chaperone ATOX1 is required for MAPK signaling and growth in BRAF mutation-positive melanoma. Metallomics 2019; 11:1430-1440. [PMID: 31317143 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a tightly regulated micronutrient that functions as a structural or catalytic cofactor for specific proteins essential for a diverse array of biological processes. While the study of the extremely rare genetic diseases, Menkes and Wilson, has highlighted the requirement for proper Cu acquisition and elimination in biological systems for cellular growth and proliferation, the importance of dedicated Cu transport systems, like the Cu chaperones ATOX1 and CCS, in the pathophysiology of cancer is not well defined. We found that ATOX1 was significantly overexpressed in human blood, breast, and skin cancer samples, while CCS was significantly altered in human brain, liver, ovarian, and prostate cancer when compared to normal tissue. Further analysis of genetic expression data in Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) revealed that ATOX1 is highly expressed in melanoma cell lines over other cancer cell lines. We previously found that Cu is required for BRAFV600E-driven MAPK signaling and melanomagenesis. Here we show that genetic loss of ATOX1 decreased BRAFV600E-dependent growth and signaling in human melanoma cell lines. Pharmacological inhibition of ATOX1 with a small molecule, DCAC50, decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and reduced the growth of BRAF mutation-positive melanoma cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that targeting the Cu chaperone ATOX1 as a novel therapeutic angle in BRAFV600E-driven melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Gavin J Bond
- Biochemistry Major Program, Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tiffany Tsang
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica M Posimo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Luca Busino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donita C Brady
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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57
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Bennett SP, Soriano-Laguna MJ, Bradley JM, Svistunenko DA, Richardson DJ, Gates AJ, Le Brun NE. NosL is a dedicated copper chaperone for assembly of the Cu Z center of nitrous oxide reductase. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4985-4993. [PMID: 31183047 PMCID: PMC6530538 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01053j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrous oxide reductase (N2OR) is the terminal enzyme of the denitrification pathway of soil bacteria that reduces the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) to dinitrogen. In addition to a binuclear CuA site that functions in electron transfer, the active site of N2OR features a unique tetranuclear copper cluster bridged by inorganic sulfide, termed CuZ. In copper-limited environments, N2OR fails to function, resulting in truncation of denitrification and rising levels of N2O released by cells to the atmosphere, presenting a major environmental challenge. Here we report studies of nosL from Paracoccus denitrificans, which is part of the nos gene cluster, and encodes a putative copper binding protein. A Paracoccus denitrificans ΔnosL mutant strain had no denitrification phenotype under copper-sufficient conditions but failed to reduce N2O under copper-limited conditions. N2OR isolated from ΔnosL cells was found to be deficient in copper and to exhibit attenuated activity. UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy revealed that bands due to the CuA center were unaffected, while those corresponding to the CuZ center were significantly reduced in intensity. In vitro studies of a soluble form of NosL without its predicted membrane anchor showed that it binds one Cu(i) ion per protein with attomolar affinity, but does not bind Cu(ii). Together, the data demonstrate that NosL is a copper-binding protein specifically required for assembly of the CuZ center of N2OR, and thus represents the first characterised assembly factor for the CuZ active site of this key environmental enzyme, which is globally responsible for the destruction of a potent greenhouse gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie P Bennett
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry , School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK .
| | - Manuel J Soriano-Laguna
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry , School of Biological Sciences , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK .
| | - Justin M Bradley
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry , School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK .
| | - Dimitri A Svistunenko
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park , Colchester CO4 3SQ , UK
| | - David J Richardson
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry , School of Biological Sciences , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK .
| | - Andrew J Gates
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry , School of Biological Sciences , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK .
| | - Nick E Le Brun
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry , School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK .
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58
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Naletova I, Satriano C, Curci A, Margiotta N, Natile G, Arena G, La Mendola D, Nicoletti VG, Rizzarelli E. Cytotoxic phenanthroline derivatives alter metallostasis and redox homeostasis in neuroblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36289-36316. [PMID: 30555630 PMCID: PMC6284747 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper homeostasis is generally investigated focusing on a single component of the metallostasis network. Here we address several of the factors controlling the metallostasis for neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) upon treatment with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (cuproindione). These compounds bind and transport copper inside cells, exert their cytotoxic activity through the induction of oxidative stress, causing apoptosis and alteration of the cellular redox and copper homeostasis network. The intracellular pathway ensured by copper transporters (Ctr1, ATP7A), chaperones (CCS, ATOX, COX 17, Sco1, Sco2), small molecules (GSH) and transcription factors (p53) is scrutinised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Naletova
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Satriano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Curci
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Margiotta
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Natile
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Giuseppe Nicoletti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
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59
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Abstract
Abstract
Metal ions are essential cofactors required by the proteome of organisms from any kingdom of life to correctly exert their functions. Dedicated cellular import, transport and homeostasis systems assure that the needed metal ion is correctly delivered and inserted into the target proteins and avoid the presence of free metal ions in the cell, preventing oxidative damaging. Among metal ions, in eukaryotic organisms copper and iron are required by proteins involved in absolutely essential functions, such as respiration, oxidative stress protection, catalysis, gene expression regulation. Copper and iron binding proteins are localized in essentially all cellular compartments. Copper is physiologically present mainly as individual metal ion. Iron can be present both as individual metal ion or as part of cofactors, such as hemes and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters. Both metal ions are characterized by the ability to cycle between different oxidation states, which enable them to catalyze redox reactions and to participate in electron transfer processes. Here we describe in detail the main processes responsible for the trafficking of copper and iron sulfur clusters, with particular interest for the structural aspects of the maturation of copper and iron-sulfur-binding proteins.
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60
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Lopez LC, Mukhitov N, Handley LD, Hamme CS, Hofman CR, Euers L, McKinney JR, Piers AD, Wadler E, Hunsicker-Wang LM. Characterization and effect of metal ions on the formation of the Thermus thermophilus Sco mixed disulfide intermediate. Protein Sci 2018; 27:1942-1954. [PMID: 30168216 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Sco protein from Thermus thermophilus has previously been shown to perform a disulfide bond reduction in the CuA protein from T. thermophilus, which is a soluble protein engineered from subunit II of cytochrome ba 3 oxidase that lacks the transmembrane helix. The native cysteines on TtSco and TtCuA were mutated to serine residues to probe the reactivities of the individual cysteines. Conjugation of TNB to the remaining cysteine in TtCuA and subsequent release upon incubation with the complementary TtSco protein demonstrated the formation of the mixed disulfide intermediate. The cysteine of TtSco that attacks the disulfide bond in the target TtCuA protein was determined to be TtSco Cysteine 49. This cysteine is likely more reactive than Cysteine 53 due to a higher degree of solvent exposure. Removal of the metal binding histidine, His 139, does not change MDI formation. However, altering the arginine adjacent to the reactive cysteine in Sco (Arginine 48) does alter the formation of the MDI. Binding of Cu2+ or Cu+ to TtSco prior to reaction with TtCuA was found to preclude formation of the mixed disulfide intermediate. These results shed light on a mechanism of disulfide bond reduction by the TtSco protein and may point to a possible role of metal binding in regulating the activity. IMPORTANCE: The function of Sco is at the center of many studies. The disulfide bond reduction in CuA by Sco is investigated herein and the effect of metal ions on the ability to reduce and form a mixed disulfide intermediate are also probed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liezelle C Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas, 78212-7200.,Baylor School of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Nikita Mukhitov
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas, 78212-7200.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Lindsey D Handley
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas, 78212-7200.,ThoughtSTEM, San Diego, California, 92108
| | - Cristina S Hamme
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas, 78212-7200.,Lone Star Family Health Center, Conroe, Texas, 77034
| | - Cristina R Hofman
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas, 78212-7200
| | - Lindsay Euers
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas, 78212-7200.,Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77303
| | - Jennifer R McKinney
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas, 78212-7200.,Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77004
| | - Amani D Piers
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas, 78212-7200.,Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Ellen Wadler
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas, 78212-7200.,University of Texas Health Science Center Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Laura M Hunsicker-Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas, 78212-7200
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61
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Abstract
Inherited pathogenic mutations in genes required for copper delivery to cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) perturb mitochondrial energy metabolism and result in fatal mitochondrial disease. A prior attempt to treat human patients with these mutations by direct copper supplementation was not successful, possibly because of inefficient copper delivery to the mitochondria. We performed a targeted search to identify compounds that can efficiently transport copper across biological membranes and identified elesclomol (ES), an investigational anticancer drug, as the most efficient copper delivery agent. ES rescues CcO function in yeast, zebrafish, and mammalian models of copper deficiency by increasing cellular and mitochondrial copper content. Thus, our study offers a possibility of repurposing this anticancer drug for the treatment of disorders of copper metabolism. Copper is an essential cofactor of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Inherited loss-of-function mutations in several genes encoding proteins required for copper delivery to CcO result in diminished CcO activity and severe pathologic conditions in affected infants. Copper supplementation restores CcO function in patient cells with mutations in two of these genes, COA6 and SCO2, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach. However, direct copper supplementation has not been therapeutically effective in human patients, underscoring the need to identify highly efficient copper transporting pharmacological agents. By using a candidate-based approach, we identified an investigational anticancer drug, elesclomol (ES), that rescues respiratory defects of COA6-deficient yeast cells by increasing mitochondrial copper content and restoring CcO activity. ES also rescues respiratory defects in other yeast mutants of copper metabolism, suggesting a broader applicability. Low nanomolar concentrations of ES reinstate copper-containing subunits of CcO in a zebrafish model of copper deficiency and in a series of copper-deficient mammalian cells, including those derived from a patient with SCO2 mutations. These findings reveal that ES can restore intracellular copper homeostasis by mimicking the function of missing transporters and chaperones of copper, and may have potential in treating human disorders of copper metabolism.
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62
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63
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Garcia Silva-Bailão M, Lobato Potenciano da Silva K, Raniere Borges dos Anjos L, de Sousa Lima P, de Melo Teixeira M, Maria de Almeida Soares C, Melo Bailão A. Mechanisms of copper and zinc homeostasis in pathogenic black fungi. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:526-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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64
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Trasnea PI, Andrei A, Marckmann D, Utz M, Khalfaoui-Hassani B, Selamoglu N, Daldal F, Koch HG. A Copper Relay System Involving Two Periplasmic Chaperones Drives cbb 3-Type Cytochrome c Oxidase Biogenesis in Rhodobacter capsulatus. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1388-1397. [PMID: 29613755 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PccA and SenC are periplasmic copper chaperones required for the biogenesis of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase ( cbb3-Cox) in Rhodobacter capsulatus at physiological Cu concentrations. However, both proteins are dispensable for cbb3-Cox assembly when the external Cu concentration is high. PccA and SenC bind Cu using Met and His residues and Cys and His residues as ligands, respectively, and both proteins form a complex during cbb3-Cox biogenesis. SenC also interacts directly with cbb3-Cox, as shown by chemical cross-linking. Here we determined the periplasmic concentrations of both proteins in vivo and analyzed their Cu binding stoichiometries and their Cu(I) and Cu(II) binding affinity constants ( KD) in vitro. Our data show that both proteins bind a single Cu atom with high affinity. In vitro Cu transfer assays demonstrate Cu transfer both from PccA to SenC and from SenC to PccA at similar levels. We conclude that PccA and SenC constitute a Cu relay system that facilitates Cu delivery to cbb3-Cox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petru-Iulian Trasnea
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | | | | | - Bahia Khalfaoui-Hassani
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nur Selamoglu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Fevzi Daldal
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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65
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Abstract
Fungal cells colonize and proliferate in distinct niches, from soil and plants to diverse tissues in human hosts. Consequently, fungi are challenged with the goal of obtaining nutrients while simultaneously elaborating robust regulatory mechanisms to cope with a range of availability of nutrients, from scarcity to excess. Copper is essential for life but also potentially toxic. In this review we describe the sophisticated homeostatic mechanisms by which fungi acquire, utilize, and control this biochemically versatile trace element. Fungal pathogens, which can occupy distinct host tissues that have their own intrinsic requirements for copper homeostasis, have evolved mechanisms to acquire copper to successfully colonize the host, disseminate to other tissues, and combat host copper bombardment mechanisms that would otherwise mitigate virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis J Thiele
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710;
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66
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Widespread Distribution and Functional Specificity of the Copper Importer CcoA: Distinct Cu Uptake Routes for Bacterial Cytochrome c Oxidases. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.00065-18. [PMID: 29487231 PMCID: PMC5829832 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00065-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidases are members of the heme-copper oxidase superfamily. These enzymes have different subunits, cofactors, and primary electron acceptors, yet they all contain identical heme-copper (CuB) binuclear centers within their catalytic subunits. The uptake and delivery pathways of the CuB atom incorporated into this active site, where oxygen is reduced to water, are not well understood. Our previous work with the facultative phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus indicated that the copper atom needed for the CuB site of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase (cbb3-Cox) is imported to the cytoplasm by a major facilitator superfamily-type transporter, CcoA. In this study, a comparative genomic analysis of CcoA orthologs in alphaproteobacterial genomes showed that CcoA is widespread among organisms and frequently co-occurs with cytochrome c oxidases. To define the specificity of CcoA activity, we investigated its function in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, a close relative of R. capsulatus that contains both cbb3- and aa3-Cox. Phenotypic, genetic, and biochemical characterization of mutants lacking CcoA showed that in its absence, or even in the presence of its bypass suppressors, only the production of cbb3-Cox and not that of aa3-Cox was affected. We therefore concluded that CcoA is dedicated solely to cbb3-Cox biogenesis, establishing that distinct copper uptake systems provide the CuB atoms to the catalytic sites of these two similar cytochrome c oxidases. These findings illustrate the large variety of strategies that organisms employ to ensure homeostasis and fine control of copper trafficking and delivery to the target cuproproteins under different physiological conditions.IMPORTANCE The cbb3- and aa3-type cytochrome c oxidases belong to the widespread heme-copper oxidase superfamily. They are membrane-integral cuproproteins that catalyze oxygen reduction to water under hypoxic and normoxic growth conditions. These enzymes diverge in terms of subunit and cofactor composition, yet they all share a conserved heme-copper binuclear site within their catalytic subunit. In this study, we show that the copper atoms of the catalytic center of two similar cytochrome c oxidases from this superfamily are provided by different copper uptake systems during their biogenesis. This finding illustrates different strategies by which organisms fine-tune the trafficking of copper, which is an essential but toxic micronutrient.
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67
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Guengerich FP. Introduction to Metals in Biology 2018: Copper homeostasis and utilization in redox enzymes. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4603-4605. [PMID: 29425098 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm118.002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This 11th Thematic Metals in Biology Thematic Series deals with copper, a transition metal with a prominent role in biochemistry. Copper is a very versatile element, and both deficiencies and excesses can be problematic. The five Minireviews in this series deal with several aspects of copper homeostasis in microorganisms and mammals and the role of this metal in two enzymes, copper-only superoxide dismutase and cytochrome c oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146.
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68
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Boulet A, Vest KE, Maynard MK, Gammon MG, Russell AC, Mathews AT, Cole SE, Zhu X, Phillips CB, Kwong JQ, Dodani SC, Leary SC, Cobine PA. The mammalian phosphate carrier SLC25A3 is a mitochondrial copper transporter required for cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1887-1896. [PMID: 29237729 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper is required for the activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal electron-accepting complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The likely source of copper used for COX biogenesis is a labile pool found in the mitochondrial matrix. In mammals, the proteins that transport copper across the inner mitochondrial membrane remain unknown. We previously reported that the mitochondrial carrier family protein Pic2 in budding yeast is a copper importer. The closest Pic2 ortholog in mammalian cells is the mitochondrial phosphate carrier SLC25A3. Here, to investigate whether SLC25A3 also transports copper, we manipulated its expression in several murine and human cell lines. SLC25A3 knockdown or deletion consistently resulted in an isolated COX deficiency in these cells, and copper addition to the culture medium suppressed these biochemical defects. Consistent with a conserved role for SLC25A3 in copper transport, its heterologous expression in yeast complemented copper-specific defects observed upon deletion of PIC2 Additionally, assays in Lactococcus lactis and in reconstituted liposomes directly demonstrated that SLC25A3 functions as a copper transporter. Taken together, these data indicate that SLC25A3 can transport copper both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aren Boulet
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Katherine E Vest
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Margaret K Maynard
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Micah G Gammon
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | | | - Alexander T Mathews
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Shelbie E Cole
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Casey B Phillips
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Jennifer Q Kwong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and
| | - Sheel C Dodani
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75080
| | - Scot C Leary
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Paul A Cobine
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849,
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69
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Abstract
All known eukaryotes require copper for their development and survival. The essentiality of copper reflects its widespread use as a co-factor in conserved enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions critical to energy production, free radical detoxification, collagen deposition, neurotransmitter biosynthesis and iron homeostasis. However, the prioritized use of copper poses an organism with a considerable challenge because, in its unbound form, copper can potentiate free radical production and displace iron-sulphur clusters to disrupt protein function. Protective mechanisms therefore evolved to mitigate this challenge and tightly regulate the acquisition, trafficking and storage of copper such that the metal ion is rarely found in its free form in the cell. Findings by a number of groups over the last ten years emphasize that this regulatory framework forms the foundation of a system that is capable of monitoring copper status and reprioritizing copper usage at both the cellular and systemic levels of organization. While the identification of relevant molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways has proven to be difficult and remains a barrier to our full understanding of the regulation of copper homeostasis, mounting evidence points to the mitochondrion as a pivotal hub in this regard in both healthy and diseased states. Here, we review our current understanding of copper handling pathways contained within the organelle and consider plausible mechanisms that may serve to functionally couple their activity to that of other cellular copper handling machinery to maintain copper homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakery N. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5E5
| | - Paul A. Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Scot C. Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5E5
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70
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Malek R, Bonnarme P, Irlinger F, Frey-Klett P, Onésime D, Aubert J, Loux V, Beckerich JM. Transcriptomic response of Debaryomyces hansenii during mixed culture in a liquid model cheese medium with Yarrowia lipolytica. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 264:53-62. [PMID: 29111498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts play a crucial role in cheese ripening. They contribute to the curd deacidification, the establishment of acid-sensitive bacterial communities, and flavour compounds production via proteolysis and catabolism of amino acids (AA). Negative yeast-yeast interaction was observed between the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 1E07 (YL1E07) and the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii 1L25 (DH1L25) in a model cheese but need elucidation. YL1E07 and DH1L25 were cultivated in mono and co-cultures in a liquid synthetic medium (SM) mimicking the cheese environment and the growth inhibition of DH1L25 in the presence of YL1E07 was reproduced. We carried out microbiological, biochemical (lactose, lactate, AA consumption and ammonia production) and transcriptomic analyses by microarray technology to highlight the interaction mechanisms. We showed that the DH1L25 growth inhibition in the presence of YL1E07 was neither due to the ammonia production nor to the nutritional competition for the medium carbon sources between the two yeasts. The transcriptomic study was the key toward the comprehension of yeast-yeast interaction, and revealed that the inhibition of DH1L25 in co-culture is due to a decrease of the mitochondrial respiratory chain functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reine Malek
- UMR 1319 MICALIS, INRA, AgroParisTech, CBAI, BP01, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France.
| | - Pascal Bonnarme
- INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR 782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Françoise Irlinger
- INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR 782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Pascale Frey-Klett
- UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Djamila Onésime
- UMR 1319 MICALIS, INRA, AgroParisTech, CBAI, BP01, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France
| | - Julie Aubert
- UMR 518 Mathématiques et Informatiques Appliquées, AgroParisTech, INRA, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Valentin Loux
- INRA, Unité Mathématique, Informatique et Génome UR1077, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marie Beckerich
- UMR 1319 MICALIS, INRA, AgroParisTech, CBAI, BP01, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France
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71
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Jett KA, Leary SC. Building the Cu A site of cytochrome c oxidase: A complicated, redox-dependent process driven by a surprisingly large complement of accessory proteins. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:4644-4652. [PMID: 28972150 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r117.816132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) was initially purified more than 70 years ago. A tremendous amount of insight into its structure and function has since been gleaned from biochemical, biophysical, genetic, and molecular studies. As a result, we now appreciate that COX relies on its redox-active metal centers (heme a and a3, CuA and CuB) to reduce oxygen and pump protons in a reaction essential for most eukaryotic life. Questions persist, however, about how individual structural subunits are assembled into a functional holoenzyme. Here, we focus on what is known and what remains to be learned about the accessory proteins that facilitate CuA site maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Jett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Scot C Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
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72
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Timón-Gómez A, Nývltová E, Abriata LA, Vila AJ, Hosler J, Barrientos A. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis: Recent developments. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 76:163-178. [PMID: 28870773 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the primary site of cellular oxygen consumption and is essential for aerobic energy generation in the form of ATP. Human COX is a copper-heme A hetero-multimeric complex formed by 3 catalytic core subunits encoded in the mitochondrial DNA and 11 subunits encoded in the nuclear genome. Investigations over the last 50 years have progressively shed light into the sophistication surrounding COX biogenesis and the regulation of this process, disclosing multiple assembly factors, several redox-regulated processes leading to metal co-factor insertion, regulatory mechanisms to couple synthesis of COX subunits to COX assembly, and the incorporation of COX into respiratory supercomplexes. Here, we will critically summarize recent progress and controversies in several key aspects of COX biogenesis: linear versus modular assembly, the coupling of mitochondrial translation to COX assembly and COX assembly into respiratory supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Timón-Gómez
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Eva Nývltová
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling & Protein Purification and Structure Facility, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro J Vila
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Jonathan Hosler
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
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73
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Calap-Quintana P, González-Fernández J, Sebastiá-Ortega N, Llorens JV, Moltó MD. Drosophila melanogaster Models of Metal-Related Human Diseases and Metal Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1456. [PMID: 28684721 PMCID: PMC5535947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron, copper and zinc are transition metals essential for life because they are required in a multitude of biological processes. Organisms have evolved to acquire metals from nutrition and to maintain adequate levels of each metal to avoid damaging effects associated with its deficiency, excess or misplacement. Interestingly, the main components of metal homeostatic pathways are conserved, with many orthologues of the human metal-related genes having been identified and characterized in Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila has gained appreciation as a useful model for studying human diseases, including those caused by mutations in pathways controlling cellular metal homeostasis. Flies have many advantages in the laboratory, such as a short life cycle, easy handling and inexpensive maintenance. Furthermore, they can be raised in a large number. In addition, flies are greatly appreciated because they offer a considerable number of genetic tools to address some of the unresolved questions concerning disease pathology, which in turn could contribute to our understanding of the metal metabolism and homeostasis. This review recapitulates the metabolism of the principal transition metals, namely iron, zinc and copper, in Drosophila and the utility of this organism as an experimental model to explore the role of metal dyshomeostasis in different human diseases. Finally, a summary of the contribution of Drosophila as a model for testing metal toxicity is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Calap-Quintana
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier González-Fernández
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Noelia Sebastiá-Ortega
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain.
| | - José Vicente Llorens
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Moltó
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain.
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74
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Asahi H, Kobayashi F, Inoue SI, Niikura M, Yagita K, Tolba MEM. Copper Homeostasis for the Developmental Progression of Intraerythrocytic Malarial Parasite. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 16:3048-3057. [PMID: 26881705 PMCID: PMC5068492 DOI: 10.2174/1568026616999160215151704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the world’s most devastating diseases, particularly in the tropics. In humans, Plasmodium falciparum lives mainly within red blood cells, and malaria pathogenesis depends on the red blood cells being infected with the parasite. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), including cis-9-octadecenoic acid, and phospholipids have been critical for complete parasite growth in serum-free culture, although the efficacy of NEFAs in sustaining the growth of P. falciparum has varied markedly. Hexadecanoic acid and trans-9-octadecenoic acid have arrested development of the parasite, in association with down-regulation of genes encoding copper-binding proteins. Selective removal of Cu+ ions has blockaded completely the ring–trophozoite–schizont progression of the parasite. The importance of copper homeostasis for the developmental progression of P. falciparum has been confirmed by inhibition of copper-binding proteins that regulate copper physiology and function by associating with copper ions. These data have provided strong evidence for a link between healthy copper homeostasis and successive developmental progression of P. falciparum. Perturbation of copper homeostasis may be, thus, instrumental in drug and vaccine development for the malaria medication. We review the importance of copper homeostasis in the asexual growth of P. falciparum in relation to NEFAs, copper-binding proteins, apoptosis, mitochondria, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Asahi
- Division of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181 8611, Japan.
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75
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Bourens M, Barrientos A. A CMC1-knockout reveals translation-independent control of human mitochondrial complex IV biogenesis. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:477-494. [PMID: 28082314 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (CIV) frequently cause encephalocardiomyopathies. Human CIV assembly involves 14 subunits of dual genetic origin and multiple nucleus-encoded ancillary factors. Biogenesis of the mitochondrion-encoded copper/heme-containing COX1 subunit initiates the CIV assembly process. Here, we show that the intermembrane space twin CX9C protein CMC1 forms an early CIV assembly intermediate with COX1 and two assembly factors, the cardiomyopathy proteins COA3 and COX14. A TALEN-mediated CMC1 knockout HEK293T cell line displayed normal COX1 synthesis but decreased CIV activity owing to the instability of newly synthetized COX1. We demonstrate that CMC1 stabilizes a COX1-COA3-COX14 complex before the incorporation of COX4 and COX5a subunits. Additionally, we show that CMC1 acts independently of CIV assembly factors relevant to COX1 metallation (COX10, COX11, and SURF1) or late stability (MITRAC7). Furthermore, whereas human COX14 and COA3 have been proposed to affect COX1 mRNA translation, our data indicate that CMC1 regulates turnover of newly synthesized COX1 prior to and during COX1 maturation, without affecting the rate of COX1 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Bourens
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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76
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Öhrvik H, Aaseth J, Horn N. Orchestration of dynamic copper navigation – new and missing pieces. Metallomics 2017; 9:1204-1229. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A general principle in all cells in the body is that an essential metal – here copper – is taken up at the plasma membrane, directed through cellular compartments for use in specific enzymes and pathways, stored in specific scavenging molecules if in surplus, and finally expelled from the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Öhrvik
- Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology
- Uppsala University
- Sweden
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
- Norway
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77
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Inesi G. Molecular features of copper binding proteins involved in copper homeostasis. IUBMB Life 2016; 69:211-217. [PMID: 27896900 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Copper has a wide and important role in biological systems, determining conformation and activity of many metalloproteins and enzymes, such as cytochrome oxidase and superoxide dismutase . Furthermore, due to its possible reactivity with nonspecific proteins and toxic effects, elaborate systems of absorption, concentration buffering, delivery to specific protein sites and elimination, require a complex system including small carriers, chaperones and active transporters. The P-type copper ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B provide an important system for acquisition, active transport, distribution and elimination of copper. Relevance of copper metabolism to human diseases and therapy is already known. It is quite certain that further studies will reveal detailed and useful information on biochemical mechanisms and relevance to diseases. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 69(4):211-217, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Inesi
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
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78
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Vest KE, Wang J, Gammon MG, Maynard MK, White OL, Cobine JA, Mahone WK, Cobine PA. Overlap of copper and iron uptake systems in mitochondria in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Open Biol 2016; 6:150223. [PMID: 26763345 PMCID: PMC4736827 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mitochondrial carrier family protein Pic2 imports copper into the matrix. Deletion of PIC2 causes defects in mitochondrial copper uptake and copper-dependent growth phenotypes owing to decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity. However, copper import is not completely eliminated in this mutant, so alternative transport systems must exist. Deletion of MRS3, a component of the iron import machinery, also causes a copper-dependent growth defect on non-fermentable carbon. Deletion of both PIC2 and MRS3 led to a more severe respiratory growth defect than either individual mutant. In addition, MRS3 expressed from a high copy number vector was able to suppress the oxygen consumption and copper uptake defects of a strain lacking PIC2. When expressed in Lactococcus lactis, Mrs3 mediated copper and iron import. Finally, a PIC2 and MRS3 double mutant prevented the copper-dependent activation of a heterologously expressed copper sensor in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Taken together, these data support a role for the iron transporter Mrs3 in copper import into the mitochondrial matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Vest
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Micah G Gammon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Margaret K Maynard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Jai A Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Wilkerson K Mahone
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Paul A Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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79
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Lindahl PA, Moore MJ. Labile Low-Molecular-Mass Metal Complexes in Mitochondria: Trials and Tribulations of a Burgeoning Field. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4140-53. [PMID: 27433847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and molybdenum play important roles in mitochondrial biochemistry, serving to help catalyze reactions in numerous metalloenzymes. These metals are also found in labile "pools" within mitochondria. Although the composition and cellular function of these pools are largely unknown, they are thought to be comprised of nonproteinaceous low-molecular-mass (LMM) metal complexes. Many problems must be solved before these pools can be fully defined, especially problems stemming from the lability of such complexes. This lability arises from inherently weak coordinate bonds between ligands and metals. This is an advantage for catalysis and trafficking, but it makes characterization difficult. The most popular strategy for investigating such pools is to detect them using chelator probes with fluorescent properties that change upon metal coordination. Characterization is limited because of the inevitable destruction of the complexes during their detection. Moreover, probes likely react with more than one type of metal complex, confusing analyses. An alternative approach is to use liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). With help from a previous lab member, the authors recently developed an LC-ICP-MS approach to analyze LMM extracts from yeast and mammalian mitochondria. They detected several metal complexes, including Fe580, Fe1100, Fe1500, Cu5000, Zn1200, Zn1500, Mn1100, Mn2000, Co1200, Co1500, and Mo780 (numbers refer to approximate masses in daltons). Many of these may be used to metalate apo-metalloproteins as they fold inside the organelle. The LC-based approach also has challenges, e.g., in distinguishing artifactual metal complexes from endogenous ones, due to the fact that cells must be disrupted to form extracts before they are passed through chromatography columns prior to analysis. Ultimately, both approaches will be needed to characterize these intriguing complexes and to elucidate their roles in mitochondrial biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Lindahl
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States
| | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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80
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Dela Cruz R, Jeong MY, Winge DR. Cox1 mutation abrogates need for Cox23 in cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis. MICROBIAL CELL 2016; 3:275-284. [PMID: 28357365 PMCID: PMC5354592 DOI: 10.15698/mic2016.07.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cox23 is a known conserved assembly factor for cytochrome c
oxidase, although its role in cytochrome c oxidase (CcO)
biogenesis remains unresolved. To gain additional insights into its role, we
isolated spontaneous suppressors of the respiratory growth defect in
cox23∆ yeast cells. We recovered independent colonies that
propagated on glycerol/lactate medium for cox23∆ cells at 37°C.
We mapped these mutations to the mitochondrial genome and specifically to
COX1 yielding an I101F substitution. The
I101F Cox1 allele is a gain-of-function mutation enabling yeast
to respire in the absence of Cox23. CcO subunit steady-state levels were
restored with the I101F Cox1 suppressor mutation and oxygen
consumption and CcO activity were likewise restored. Cells harboring the
mitochondrial genome encoding I101F Cox1 were used to delete genes
for other CcO assembly factors to test the specificity of the Cox1 mutation as a
suppressor of cox23∆ cells. The Cox1 mutant allele fails to
support respiratory growth in yeast lacking Cox17, Cox19, Coa1, Coa2, Cox14 or
Shy1, demonstrating its specific suppressor activity for cox23∆
cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Dela Cruz
- University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA. ; Present address: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Dennis R Winge
- University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
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81
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Thermotolerant yeasts selected by adaptive evolution express heat stress response at 30 °C. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27003. [PMID: 27229477 PMCID: PMC4882594 DOI: 10.1038/srep27003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to long-term environmental changes across >100s of generations results in adapted phenotypes, but little is known about how metabolic and transcriptional responses are optimized in these processes. Here, we show that thermotolerant yeast strains selected by adaptive laboratory evolution to grow at increased temperature, activated a constitutive heat stress response when grown at the optimal ancestral temperature, and that this is associated with a reduced growth rate. This preventive response was perfected by additional transcriptional changes activated when the cultivation temperature is increased. Remarkably, the sum of global transcriptional changes activated in the thermotolerant strains when transferred from the optimal to the high temperature, corresponded, in magnitude and direction, to the global changes observed in the ancestral strain exposed to the same transition. This demonstrates robustness of the yeast transcriptional program when exposed to heat, and that the thermotolerant strains streamlined their path to rapidly and optimally reach post-stress transcriptional and metabolic levels. Thus, long-term adaptation to heat improved yeasts ability to rapidly adapt to increased temperatures, but this also causes a trade-off in the growth rate at the optimal ancestral temperature.
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82
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Printz B, Lutts S, Hausman JF, Sergeant K. Copper Trafficking in Plants and Its Implication on Cell Wall Dynamics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:601. [PMID: 27200069 PMCID: PMC4859090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In plants, copper (Cu) acts as essential cofactor of numerous proteins. While the definitive number of these so-called cuproproteins is unknown, they perform central functions in plant cells. As micronutrient, a minimal amount of Cu is needed to ensure cellular functions. However, Cu excess may exert in contrast detrimental effects on plant primary production and even survival. Therefore it is essential for a plant to have a strictly controlled Cu homeostasis, an equilibrium that is both tissue and developmentally influenced. In the current review an overview is presented on the different stages of Cu transport from the soil into the plant and throughout the different plant tissues. Special emphasis is on the Cu-dependent responses mediated by the SPL7 transcription factor, and the crosstalk between this transcriptional regulation and microRNA-mediated suppression of translation of seemingly non-essential cuproproteins. Since Cu is an essential player in electron transport, we also review the recent insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling chloroplastic and mitochondrial Cu transport and homeostasis. We finally highlight the involvement of numerous Cu-proteins and Cu-dependent activities in the properties of one of the major Cu-accumulation sites in plants: the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Printz
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute Agronomy, Université catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute Agronomy, Université catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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83
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Trasnea PI, Utz M, Khalfaoui-Hassani B, Lagies S, Daldal F, Koch HG. Cooperation between two periplasmic copper chaperones is required for full activity of the cbb3 -type cytochrome c oxidase and copper homeostasis in Rhodobacter capsulatus. Mol Microbiol 2016; 100:345-61. [PMID: 26718481 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient that functions as a cofactor in several important enzymes, such as respiratory heme-copper oxygen reductases. Yet, Cu is also toxic and therefore cells engage a highly coordinated Cu uptake and delivery system to prevent the accumulation of toxic Cu concentrations. In this study, we analyzed Cu delivery to the cbb3 -type cytochrome c oxidase (cbb3 -Cox) of Rhodobacter capsulatus. We identified the PCuA C-like periplasmic chaperone PccA and analyzed its contribution to cbb3 -Cox assembly. Our data demonstrate that PccA is a Cu-binding protein with a preference for Cu(I), which is required for efficient cbb3 -Cox assembly, in particular, at low Cu concentrations. By using in vivo and in vitro cross-linking, we show that PccA forms a complex with the Sco1-homologue SenC. This complex is stabilized in the absence of the cbb3 -Cox-specific assembly factors CcoGHIS. In cells lacking SenC, the cytoplasmic Cu content is significantly increased, but the simultaneous absence of PccA prevents this Cu accumulation. These data demonstrate that the interplay between PccA and SenC not only is required for Cu delivery during cbb3 -Cox assembly but also regulates Cu homeostasis in R. capsulatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petru-Iulian Trasnea
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Fakultät für Biologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Utz
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Simon Lagies
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fevzi Daldal
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hans-Georg Koch
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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84
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Chakraborty S, Polen MJ, Chacón KN, Wilson TD, Yu Y, Reed J, Nilges MJ, Blackburn NJ, Lu Y. Binuclear Cu(A) Formation in Biosynthetic Models of Cu(A) in Azurin Proceeds via a Novel Cu(Cys)2His Mononuclear Copper Intermediate. Biochemistry 2016; 54:6071-81. [PMID: 26352296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cu(A) is a binuclear electron transfer (ET) center found in cytochrome c oxidases (CcOs), nitrous oxide reductases (N₂ORs), and nitric oxide reductase (NOR). In these proteins, the Cu(A) centers facilitate efficient ET (kET > 10⁴s⁻¹) under low thermodynamic driving forces (10-90 mV). While the structure and functional properties of Cu(A) are well understood, a detailed mechanism of the incorporation of copper into the protein and the identity of the intermediates formed during the Cu(A) maturation process are still lacking. Previous studies of the Cu(A) assembly mechanism in vitro using a biosynthetic model Cu(A) center in azurin (Cu(A)Az) identified a novel intermediate X (Ix) during reconstitution of the binuclear site. However, because of the instability of Ix and the coexistence of other Cu centers, such as Cu(A)' and type 1 copper centers, the identity of this intermediate could not be established. Here, we report the mechanism of Cu(A) assembly using variants of Glu114XCuAAz (X = Gly, Ala, Leu, or Gln), the backbone carbonyl of which acts as a ligand to the Cu(A) site, with a major focus on characterization of the novel intermediate Ix. We show that Cu(A) assembly in these variants proceeds through several types of Cu centers, such as mononuclear red type 2 Cu, the novel intermediate Ix, and blue type 1 Cu. Our results show that the backbone flexibility of the Glu114 residue is an important factor in determining the rates of T2Cu → Ix formation, suggesting that Cu(A) formation is facilitated by swinging of the ligand loop, which internalizes the T2Cu capture complex to the protein interior. The kinetic data further suggest that the nature of the Glu114 side chain influences the time scales on which these intermediates are formed, the wavelengths of the absorption peaks, and how cleanly one intermediate is converted to another. Through careful understanding of these mechanisms and optimization of the conditions, we have obtained Ix in ∼80-85% population in these variants, which allowed us to employ ultraviolet-visible, electron paramagnetic resonance, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopic techniques to identify the Ix as a mononuclear Cu(Cys)(2)(His) complex. Because some of the intermediates have been proposed to be involved in the assembly of native Cu(A), these results shed light on the structural features of the important intermediates and mechanism of Cu(A) formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael J Polen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kelly N Chacón
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Sciences University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Tiffany D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Julian Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mark J Nilges
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ninian J Blackburn
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Sciences University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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85
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Radin I, Mansilla N, Rödel G, Steinebrunner I. The Arabidopsis COX11 Homolog is Essential for Cytochrome c Oxidase Activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1091. [PMID: 26734017 PMCID: PMC4683207 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Members of the ubiquitous COX11 (cytochrome c oxidase 11) protein family are involved in copper delivery to the COX complex. In this work, we characterize the Arabidopsis thaliana COX11 homolog (encoded by locus At1g02410). Western blot analyses and confocal microscopy identified Arabidopsis COX11 as an integral mitochondrial protein. Despite sharing high sequence and structural similarities, the Arabidopsis COX11 is not able to functionally replace the Saccharomyces cerevisiae COX11 homolog. Nevertheless, further analysis confirmed the hypothesis that Arabidopsis COX11 is essential for COX activity. Disturbance of COX11 expression through knockdown (KD) or overexpression (OE) affected COX activity. In KD lines, the activity was reduced by ~50%, resulting in root growth inhibition, smaller rosettes and leaf curling. In OE lines, the reduction was less pronounced (~80% of the wild type), still resulting in root growth inhibition. Additionally, pollen germination was impaired in COX11 KD and OE plants. This effect on pollen germination can only partially be attributed to COX deficiency and may indicate a possible auxiliary role of COX11 in ROS metabolism. In agreement with its role in energy production, the COX11 promoter is highly active in cells and tissues with high-energy demand for example shoot and root meristems, or vascular tissues of source and sink organs. In COX11 KD lines, the expression of the plasma-membrane copper transporter COPT2 and of several copper chaperones was altered, indicative of a retrograde signaling pathway pertinent to copper homeostasis. Based on our data, we postulate that COX11 is a mitochondrial chaperone, which plays an important role for plant growth and pollen germination as an essential COX complex assembly factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Radin
- Institute for Genetics, Department of Biology, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Natanael Mansilla
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del LitoralSanta Fe, Argentina
| | - Gerhard Rödel
- Institute for Genetics, Department of Biology, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
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86
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Ghosh A, Pratt AT, Soma S, Theriault SG, Griffin AT, Trivedi PP, Gohil VM. Mitochondrial disease genes COA6, COX6B and SCO2 have overlapping roles in COX2 biogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:660-71. [PMID: 26669719 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is a complex process facilitated by several assembly factors. Pathogenic mutations were recently reported in one such assembly factor, COA6, and our previous work linked Coa6 function to mitochondrial copper metabolism and expression of Cox2, a copper-containing subunit of CcO. However, the precise role of Coa6 in Cox2 biogenesis remained unknown. Here we show that yeast Coa6 is an orthologue of human COA6, and like Cox2, is regulated by copper availability, further implicating it in copper delivery to Cox2. In order to place Coa6 in the Cox2 copper delivery pathway, we performed a comprehensive genetic epistasis analysis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and found that simultaneous deletion of Coa6 and Sco2, a mitochondrial copper metallochaperone, or Coa6 and Cox12/COX6B, a structural subunit of CcO, completely abrogates Cox2 biogenesis. Unlike Coa6 deficient cells, copper supplementation fails to rescue Cox2 levels of these double mutants. Overexpression of Cox12 or Sco proteins partially rescues the coa6Δ phenotype, suggesting their overlapping but non-redundant roles in copper delivery to Cox2. These genetic data are strongly corroborated by biochemical studies demonstrating physical interactions between Coa6, Cox2, Cox12 and Sco proteins. Furthermore, we show that patient mutations in Coa6 disrupt Coa6-Cox2 interaction, providing the biochemical basis for disease pathogenesis. Taken together, these results place COA6 in the copper delivery pathway to CcO and, surprisingly, link it to a previously unidentified function of CcO subunit Cox12 in Cox2 biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Anthony T Pratt
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shivatheja Soma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sarah G Theriault
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Aaron T Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Prachi P Trivedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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87
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Paths and determinants for Penicillium janthinellum to resist low and high copper. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10590. [PMID: 26265593 PMCID: PMC4642507 DOI: 10.1038/srep10590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) tolerance was well understood in fungi yeasts but not in filamentous fungi. Filamentous fungi are eukaryotes but unlike eukaryotic fungi yeasts, which are a collection of various fungi that are maybe classified into different taxa but all characterized by growth as filamentous hyphae cells and with a complex morphology. The current knowledge of Cu resistance of filamentous fungi is still fragmental and therefore needs to be bridged. In this study, we characterized Cu resistance of Penicillium janthinellum strain GXCR and its Cu-resistance-decreasing mutants (EC-6 and UC-8), and conducted sequencing of a total of 6 transcriptomes from wild-type GXCR and mutant EC-6 grown under control and external Cu. Taken all the results together, Cu effects on the basal metabolism were directed to solute transport by two superfamilies of solute carrier and major facilitator, the buffering free CoA and Acyl-CoA pool in the peroxisome, F-type H(+)-transporting ATPases-based ATP production, V-type H(+)-transporting ATPases-based transmembrane transport, protein degradation, and alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs. Roles of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in resistance to low and high Cu were defined. The backbone paths, signaling systems, and determinants that involve resistance of filamentous fungi to high Cu were determined, discussed and outlined in a model.
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88
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Bode M, Woellhaf MW, Bohnert M, van der Laan M, Sommer F, Jung M, Zimmermann R, Schroda M, Herrmann JM. Redox-regulated dynamic interplay between Cox19 and the copper-binding protein Cox11 in the intermembrane space of mitochondria facilitates biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2385-401. [PMID: 25926683 PMCID: PMC4571295 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the twin Cx9C protein family constitute the largest group of proteins in the intermembrane space (IMS) of mitochondria. Despite their conserved nature and their essential role in the biogenesis of the respiratory chain, the molecular function of twin Cx9C proteins is largely unknown. We performed a SILAC-based quantitative proteomic analysis to identify interaction partners of the conserved twin Cx9C protein Cox19. We found that Cox19 interacts in a dynamic manner with Cox11, a copper transfer protein that facilitates metalation of the Cu(B) center of subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase. The interaction with Cox11 is critical for the stable accumulation of Cox19 in mitochondria. Cox19 consists of a helical hairpin structure that forms a hydrophobic surface characterized by two highly conserved tyrosine-leucine dipeptides. These residues are essential for Cox19 function and its specific binding to a cysteine-containing sequence in Cox11. Our observations suggest that an oxidative modification of this cysteine residue of Cox11 stimulates Cox19 binding, pointing to a redox-regulated interplay of Cox19 and Cox11 that is critical for copper transfer in the IMS and thus for biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Bode
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael W Woellhaf
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maria Bohnert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Martin Jung
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Richard Zimmermann
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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89
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Chojnacka M, Gornicka A, Oeljeklaus S, Warscheid B, Chacinska A. Cox17 Protein Is an Auxiliary Factor Involved in the Control of the Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organizing System. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15304-12. [PMID: 25918166 PMCID: PMC4463469 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.645069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) is a recently discovered protein complex that is crucial for establishing and maintaining the proper inner membrane architecture and contacts with the outer membrane of mitochondria. The ways in which the MICOS complex is assembled and its integrity is regulated remain elusive. Here, we report a direct link between Cox17, a protein involved in the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase, and the MICOS complex. Cox17 interacts with Mic60, thereby modulating MICOS complex integrity. This interaction does not involve Sco1, a partner of Cox17 in transferring copper ions to cytochrome c oxidase. However, the Cox17-MICOS interaction is regulated by copper ions. We propose that Cox17 is a newly identified factor involved in maintaining the architecture of the MICOS complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chojnacka
- From the International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland and
| | - Agnieszka Gornicka
- From the International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland and
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- the Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- the Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Chacinska
- From the International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland and
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90
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Nek5 interacts with mitochondrial proteins and interferes negatively in mitochondrial mediated cell death and respiration. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1168-77. [PMID: 25725288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in energy supply, signaling, cell death and cellular differentiation and have been implicated in several human diseases. Neks (NIMA-related kinases) represent a family of mammal protein kinases that play essential roles in cell-cycle progression, but other functions have recently been related. A yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screen was performed to identify and characterize Nek5 interaction partners and the mitochondrial proteins Cox11, MTX-2 and BCLAF1 were retrieved. Apoptosis assay showed protective effects of stable hNek5 expression from Hek293-T's cell death after thapsigargin treatment (2 μM). Nek5 silenced cells as well as cells expressing a "kinase dead" version of Nek5, displayed an increase in ROS formation after 4 h of thapsigargin treatment. Mitochondrial respiratory chain activity was found decreased upon stable hNek5expression. Cells silenced for hNek5 on the other hand presented 1.7 fold increased basal rates of respiration, especially at the electrons transfer steps from TMPD to cytochrome c and at the complex II. In conclusion, our data suggest for the first time mitochondrial localization and functions for Nek5 and its participation in cell death and cell respiration regulation. Stable expression of hNek5 in Hek293T cells resulted in enhanced cell viability, decreased cell death and drug resistance, while depletion of hNek5by shRNA overcame cancer cell drug resistance and induced apoptosis in vitro. Stable expression of hNek5 also inhibits thapsigargin promoted apoptosis and the respiratory chain complex IV in HEK293T cells.
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91
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Gurumoorthy P, Ludwig B. Deciphering protein-protein interactions during the biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans. FEBS J 2014; 282:537-49. [PMID: 25420759 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Biogenesis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is a complex process due to its numerous subunits encoded by two genomes, as well as the localization of redox centers deep within the membrane. Here, we have assessed the biogenesis of the homologous aa₃-type oxidase of the soil bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans. First, protein partners were analyzed using various membrane solubilization strategies to show interactions between COX and CtaG, a chaperone implicated in CuB site metallation. Using an unbiased MS approach after immunological pull-down from untreated or cross-linked membranes, we then extend our view towards a hypothetical 'biogenesis complex' by identifying two further metal-inserting chaperones, Surf1c and Sco, together with enzymes catalyzing heme a synthesis. Our study also tentatively supports previous speculation regarding the existence of a predominantly co-translational mechanism for cofactor insertion during COX biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gurumoorthy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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92
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Hong-Hermesdorf A, Miethke M, Gallaher SD, Kropat J, Dodani SC, Chan J, Barupala D, Domaille DW, Shirasaki DI, Loo JA, Weber PK, Pett-Ridge J, Stemmler TL, Chang CJ, Merchant SS. Subcellular metal imaging identifies dynamic sites of Cu accumulation in Chlamydomonas. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:1034-42. [PMID: 25344811 PMCID: PMC4232477 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We identified a Cu-accumulating structure with a dynamic role in intracellular Cu homeostasis. During Zn limitation, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii hyperaccumulates Cu, a process dependent on the nutritional Cu sensor CRR1, but it is functionally Cu deficient. Visualization of intracellular Cu revealed major Cu accumulation sites coincident with electron-dense structures that stained positive for low pH and polyphosphate, suggesting that they are lysosome-related organelles. Nano-secondary ion MS showed colocalization of Ca and Cu, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy was consistent with Cu(+) accumulation in an ordered structure. Zn resupply restored Cu homeostasis concomitant with reduced abundance of these structures. Cu isotope labeling demonstrated that sequestered Cu(+) became bioavailable for the synthesis of plastocyanin, and transcriptome profiling indicated that mobilized Cu became visible to CRR1. Cu trafficking to intracellular accumulation sites may be a strategy for preventing protein mismetallation during Zn deficiency and enabling efficient cuproprotein metallation or remetallation upon Zn resupply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hong-Hermesdorf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Marcus Miethke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sean D Gallaher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Janette Kropat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sheel C Dodani
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Dulmini Barupala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Dylan W Domaille
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Dyna I Shirasaki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Joseph A Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Peter K Weber
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA
| | - Timothy L Stemmler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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93
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Dash BP, Alles M, Bundschuh FA, Richter OMH, Ludwig B. Protein chaperones mediating copper insertion into the CuA site of the aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase of Paracoccus denitrificans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1847:202-211. [PMID: 25445316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The biogenesis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase is a complex process involving the stepwise assembly of its multiple subunits encoded by two genetic systems. Moreover, several chaperones are required to recruit and insert the redox-active metal centers into subunits I and II, two a-type hemes and a total of three copper ions, two of which form the CuA center located in a hydrophilic domain of subunit II. The copper-binding Sco protein(s) have been implicated with the metallation of this site in various model organisms. Here we analyze the role of the two Sco homologues termed ScoA and ScoB, along with two other copper chaperones, on the biogenesis of the cytochrome c oxidase in the bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans by deleting each of the four genes individually or pairwise, followed by assessing the functionality of the assembled oxidase both in intact membranes and in the purified enzyme complex. Copper starvation leads to a drastic decrease of oxidase activity in membranes from strains involving the scoB deletion. This loss is shown to be of dual origin, (i) a severe drop in steady-state oxidase levels in membranes, and (ii) a diminished enzymatic activity of the remaining oxidase complex, traced back to a lower copper content, specifically in the CuA site of the enzyme. Neither of the other proteins addressed here, ScoA or the two PCu proteins, exhibit a direct effect on the metallation of the CuA site in P. denitrificans, but are discussed as potential interaction partners of ScoB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Alles
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Freya Alena Bundschuh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver-M H Richter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernd Ludwig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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94
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Zhao L, Cheng Q, Wang Z, Xi Z, Xu D, Liu Y. Cisplatin binds to human copper chaperone Cox17: the mechanistic implication of drug delivery to mitochondria. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2667-9. [PMID: 24473407 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48847k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cox17 facilitates the platinum accumulation in mitochondria, which contributes to the overall cytotoxicity of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui, 230026, China.
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95
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Blackburn NJ, Yan N, Lutsenko S. Copper in Eukaryotes. BINDING, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF METAL IONS IN BIOLOGICAL CELLS 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849739979-00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Copper is essential for normal growth and development of eukaryotic organisms. Numerous physiological processes rely on sufficient availability of copper: from indispensable reactions such as mitochondrial respiration to more highly specialized processes such as pigment development in a skin. Copper misbalance has been linked to a variety of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders in humans. Complex cellular machinery has evolved to mediate copper uptake, compartmentalization and incorporation into target proteins. Extensive studies revealed a predominant utilization of methionines and histidines by copper handling molecules for copper capture at the extracellular surface and delivery to cuproenzymes in the lumen of cellular compartments, respectively. Cu(I) is a predominant form within the cell, and copper binding and distribution inside the cell at the cytosolic sites relies heavily on cysteines. The selectivity and directionality of copper transfer reactions is determined by thermodynamic and kinetic factors as well as spatial distribution of copper donors and acceptors. In this chapter, we review current structural and mechanistic data on copper transport and distribution in yeast and mammalian cells and highlight important issues and questions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninian J. Blackburn
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Nan Yan
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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96
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Watanabe D, Kikushima R, Aitoku M, Nishimura A, Ohtsu I, Nasuno R, Takagi H. Exogenous addition of histidine reduces copper availability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MICROBIAL CELL 2014; 1:241-246. [PMID: 28357248 PMCID: PMC5349156 DOI: 10.15698/mic2014.07.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The basic amino acid histidine inhibited yeast cell growth more severely than lysine and arginine. Overexpression of CTR1, which encodes a high-affinity copper transporter on the plasma membrane, or addition of copper to the medium alleviated this cytotoxicity. However, the intracellular level of copper ions was not decreased in the presence of excess histidine. These results indicate that histidine cytotoxicity is associated with low copper availability inside cells, not with impaired copper uptake. Furthermore, histidine did not affect cell growth under limited respiration conditions, suggesting that histidine cytotoxicity is involved in deficiency of mitochondrial copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Watanabe
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Rie Kikushima
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Miho Aitoku
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Akira Nishimura
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ryo Nasuno
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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97
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Structural and mechanistic insights into an extracytoplasmic copper trafficking pathway in Streptomyces lividans. Biochem J 2014; 459:525-38. [PMID: 24548299 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Streptomyces lividans an extracytoplasmic copper-binding Sco protein plays a role in two unlinked processes: (i) initiating a morphological development switch and (ii) facilitating the co-factoring of the CuA domain of CcO (cytochrome c oxidase). How Sco obtains copper once secreted to the extracytoplasmic environment is unknown. In the present paper we report on a protein possessing an HX₆MX₂₁HXM motif that binds a single cuprous ion with subfemtomolar affinity. High-resolution X-ray structures of this extracytoplasmic copper chaperone-like protein (ECuC) in the apo- and Cu(I)-bound states reveal that the latter possesses a surface-accessible cuprous-ion-binding site located in a dish-shaped region of β-sheet structure. A cuprous ion is transferred under a favourable thermodynamic gradient from ECuC to Sco with no back transfer occurring. The ionization properties of the cysteine residues in the Cys⁸⁶xxxCys⁹⁰ copper-binding motif of Sco, together with their positional locations identified from an X-ray structure of Sco, suggests a role for Cys⁸⁶ in initiating an inter-complex ligand-exchange reaction with Cu(I)-ECuC. Generation of the genetic knockouts, Δsco, Δecuc and Δsco/ecuc, and subsequent in vivo assays lend support to the existence of a branched extracytoplasmic copper-trafficking pathway in S. lividans. One branch requires both Sco and to a certain extent ECuC to cofactor the CuA domain, whereas the other uses only Sco to deliver copper to a cuproenzyme to initiate morphological development.
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98
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Scheiber IF, Mercer JF, Dringen R. Metabolism and functions of copper in brain. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 116:33-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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99
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Schlecht U, Suresh S, Xu W, Aparicio AM, Chu A, Proctor MJ, Davis RW, Scharfe C, St Onge RP. A functional screen for copper homeostasis genes identifies a pharmacologically tractable cellular system. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:263. [PMID: 24708151 PMCID: PMC4023593 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper is essential for the survival of aerobic organisms. If copper is not properly regulated in the body however, it can be extremely cytotoxic and genetic mutations that compromise copper homeostasis result in severe clinical phenotypes. Understanding how cells maintain optimal copper levels is therefore highly relevant to human health. RESULTS We found that addition of copper (Cu) to culture medium leads to increased respiratory growth of yeast, a phenotype which we then systematically and quantitatively measured in 5050 homozygous diploid deletion strains. Cu's positive effect on respiratory growth was quantitatively reduced in deletion strains representing 73 different genes, the function of which identify increased iron uptake as a cause of the increase in growth rate. Conversely, these effects were enhanced in strains representing 93 genes. Many of these strains exhibited respiratory defects that were specifically rescued by supplementing the growth medium with Cu. Among the genes identified are known and direct regulators of copper homeostasis, genes required to maintain low vacuolar pH, and genes where evidence supporting a functional link with Cu has been heretofore lacking. Roughly half of the genes are conserved in man, and several of these are associated with Mendelian disorders, including the Cu-imbalance syndromes Menkes and Wilson's disease. We additionally demonstrate that pharmacological agents, including the approved drug disulfiram, can rescue Cu-deficiencies of both environmental and genetic origin. CONCLUSIONS A functional screen in yeast has expanded the list of genes required for Cu-dependent fitness, revealing a complex cellular system with implications for human health. Respiratory fitness defects arising from perturbations in this system can be corrected with pharmacological agents that increase intracellular copper concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert P St Onge
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, 855 S California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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100
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Siciliano G, Pasquali L, Mancuso M, Murri L. Molecular diagnostics and mitochondrial dysfunction: a future perspective. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 8:531-49. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.8.4.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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