51
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Hsueh MF, Khabut A, Kjellström S, Önnerfjord P, Kraus VB. Elucidating the Molecular Composition of Cartilage by Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:374-88. [PMID: 26632656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage consists of chondrocytes and two major components, a collagen-rich framework and highly abundant proteoglycans. Most prior studies defining the zonal distribution of cartilage have extracted proteins with guanidine-HCl. However, an unextracted collagen-rich residual is left after extraction. In addition, the high abundance of anionic polysaccharide molecules extracted from cartilage adversely affects the chromatographic separation. In this study, we established a method for removing chondrocytes from cartilage sections with minimal extracellular matrix protein loss. The addition of surfactant to guanidine-HCl extraction buffer improved protein solubility. Ultrafiltration removed interference from polysaccharides and salts. Almost four-times more collagen peptides were extracted by the in situ trypsin digestion method. However, as expected, proteoglycans were more abundant within the guanidine-HCl extraction. These different methods were used to extract cartilage sections from different cartilage layers (superficial, intermediate, and deep), joint types (knee and hip), and disease states (healthy and osteoarthritic), and the extractions were evaluated by quantitative and qualitative proteomic analyses. The results of this study led to the identifications of the potential biomarkers of osteoarthritis (OA), OA progression, and the joint specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Hsueh
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, ‡Departments of Medicine, and §Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology and ¶Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University , SE 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Areej Khabut
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, ‡Departments of Medicine, and §Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology and ¶Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University , SE 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven Kjellström
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, ‡Departments of Medicine, and §Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology and ¶Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University , SE 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, ‡Departments of Medicine, and §Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology and ¶Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University , SE 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, ‡Departments of Medicine, and §Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology and ¶Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University , SE 22184 Lund, Sweden
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52
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Kudelko M, Chan CWL, Sharma R, Yao Q, Lau E, Chu IK, Cheah KSE, Tanner JA, Chan D. Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Survival Mechanisms Developed by Hypertrophic Chondrocytes under ER Stress. J Proteome Res 2015; 15:86-99. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rakesh Sharma
- Department
of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
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53
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Li Q, Uygun BE, Geerts S, Ozer S, Scalf M, Gilpin SE, Ott HC, Yarmush ML, Smith LM, Welham NV, Frey BL. Proteomic analysis of naturally-sourced biological scaffolds. Biomaterials 2015; 75:37-46. [PMID: 26476196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A key challenge to the clinical implementation of decellularized scaffold-based tissue engineering lies in understanding the process of removing cells and immunogenic material from a donor tissue/organ while maintaining the biochemical and biophysical properties of the scaffold that will promote growth of newly seeded cells. Current criteria for evaluating whole organ decellularization are primarily based on nucleic acids, as they are easy to quantify and have been directly correlated to adverse host responses. However, numerous proteins cause immunogenic responses and thus should be measured directly to further understand and quantify the efficacy of decellularization. In addition, there has been increasing appreciation for the role of the various protein components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in directing cell growth and regulating organ function. We performed in-depth proteomic analysis on four types of biological scaffolds and identified a large number of both remnant cellular and ECM proteins. Measurements of individual protein abundances during the decellularization process revealed significant removal of numerous cellular proteins, but preservation of most structural matrix proteins. The observation that decellularized scaffolds still contain many cellular proteins, although at decreased abundance, indicates that elimination of DNA does not assure adequate removal of all cellular material. Thus, proteomic analysis provides crucial characterization of the decellularization process to create biological scaffolds for future tissue/organ replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Basak E Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sharon Geerts
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sinan Ozer
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mark Scalf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sarah E Gilpin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Harald C Ott
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lloyd M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nathan V Welham
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Brian L Frey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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54
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den Hollander W, Ramos YFM, Bomer N, Elzinga S, van der Breggen R, Lakenberg N, de Dijcker WJ, Suchiman HED, Duijnisveld BJ, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Slagboom PE, Bos SD, Nelissen RGHH, Meulenbelt I. Transcriptional Associations of Osteoarthritis-Mediated Loss of Epigenetic Control in Articular Cartilage. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2108-16. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nils Bomer
- Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Elzinga
- Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Nico Lakenberg
- Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, and The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Steffan D. Bos
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, and The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, and The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging; Rotterdam The Netherlands
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55
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Jover E, Marín F, Quintana M, Pérez-Andreu J, Hurtado JA, Rodríguez C, Martínez-González J, González-Conejero R, Valdés M, Hernández-Romero D. CALU polymorphism A29809G affects calumenin availability involving vascular calcification. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 82:218-27. [PMID: 25823396 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Calumenin inhibits gamma-carboxylation of matrix-Gla-protein preventing BMP2-dependent calcification. Our aim was to explore the clinical relevance and functionality of the CALU polymorphism rs1043550, and the relationship of calumenin time-dependent expression profile with the active calcification of human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMC). Coronary artery calcium score and lesion severity were assessed by cardiac computed tomography in 139 consecutive low-risk patients genotyped for rs1043550. Polymorphic (G) allele carriage was associated with lower calcium (OR: 6.19, p=0.042). Calcified arteries from CALU 'A' allele carriers undergoing cardiovascular surgery exhibited higher residual calcification, higher calumenin immunostaining and lower matrix-Gla-protein, contrary to 'G' allele carriers. In a luciferase reporter system in vascular cells, polymorphic 'G' allele reduced the mRNA stability by 30% (p < 0.05). Osteogenic high-phosphate media induced active differentiation of hVSMC onto functional osteoblast-like cells as demonstrated by extracellular matrix mineralization and osteoblast markers expression. Calumenin was early over-expressed at day 3 (p < 0.05), but decreased thereafter (mRNA and protein) with implications on gamma-carboxylation system. Calumenin was found released and co-localizing with extracellular matrix calcifications. The CALU polymorphism rs1043550 affects mRNA stability and tissue availability of calumenin thus supporting the protective clinical significance. Calumenin shows a time-dependent profile during induced calcification. These data demonstrate a novel association of vascular calcification with the VSMC phenotypic transition into osteoblast-like cells. Moreover, hyperphosphatemic stimuli render calumenin accumulation in the mineralized extracellular matrix.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/pathology
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/cytology
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- RNA Stability/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Matrix Gla Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jover
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Marín
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Míriam Quintana
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Pérez-Andreu
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Hurtado
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular, CSIC-ICCC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular, CSIC-ICCC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mariano Valdés
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diana Hernández-Romero
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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56
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Hill RC, Calle EA, Dzieciatkowska M, Niklason LE, Hansen KC. Quantification of extracellular matrix proteins from a rat lung scaffold to provide a molecular readout for tissue engineering. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:961-73. [PMID: 25660013 PMCID: PMC4390273 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.045260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, derived from decellularized tissues for engineered organ generation, holds enormous potential in the field of regenerative medicine. To support organ engineering efforts, we developed a targeted proteomics method to extract and quantify extracellular matrix components from tissues. Our method provides more complete and accurate protein characterization than traditional approaches. This is accomplished through the analysis of both the chaotrope-soluble and -insoluble protein fractions and using recombinantly generated stable isotope labeled peptides for endogenous protein quantification. Using this approach, we have generated 74 peptides, representing 56 proteins to quantify protein in native (nondecellularized) and decellularized lung matrices. We have focused on proteins of the ECM and additional intracellular proteins that are challenging to remove during the decellularization procedure. Results indicate that the acellular lung scaffold is predominantly composed of structural collagens, with the majority of these proteins found in the insoluble ECM, a fraction that is often discarded using widely accepted proteomic methods. The decellularization procedure removes over 98% of intracellular proteins evaluated and retains, to varying degrees, proteoglycans and glycoproteins of the ECM. Accurate characterization of ECM proteins from tissue samples will help advance organ engineering efforts by generating a molecular readout that can be correlated with functional outcome to drive the next generation of engineered organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Hill
- ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | | | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Laura E Niklason
- §Department of Biomedical Engineering and Anesthesiology, ¶Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045,
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57
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Abstract
Tissue engineering holds promise for the treatment of damaged and diseased tissues, especially for those tissues that do not undergo repair and regeneration readily in situ. Many techniques are available for cell and tissue culturing and differentiation of chondrocytes using a variety of cell types, differentiation methods, and scaffolds. In each case, it is critical to demonstrate the cellular phenotype and tissue composition, with particular attention to the extracellular matrix molecules that play a structural role and that contribute to the mechanical properties of the resulting tissue construct. Mass spectrometry provides an ideal analytical method with which to characterize the full spectrum of proteins produced by tissue-engineered cartilage. Using normal cartilage tissue as a standard, tissue-engineered cartilage can be optimized according to the entire proteome. Proteomic analysis is a complementary approach to biochemical, immunohistochemical, and mechanical testing of cartilage constructs. Proteomics is applicable as an analysis approach to most cartilage constructs generated from a variety of cellular sources including primary chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue, induced pluripotent stem cells, and embryonic stem cells. Additionally, proteomics can be used to optimize novel scaffolds and bioreactor applications, yielding cartilage tissue with the proteomic profile of natural cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Pu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Julia Thom Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Mail Stop 1511, Boise, ID, USA.
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58
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Kobayashi-Miura M, Miura T, Osago H, Yamaguchi Y, Aoyama T, Tanabe T, Matsumoto KI, Fujita Y. Rat Articular Cartilages Change Their Tissue and Protein Compositions During Perinatal Period. Anat Histol Embryol 2014; 45:9-18. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kobayashi-Miura
- Department of Public Health; Faculty of Medicine; Shimane University; 89-1 Enya Izumo Shimane 693-8501 Japan
| | - T. Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyusyu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - H. Osago
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Shimane University; 89-1 Enya Izumo Shimane 693-8501 Japan
| | - Y. Yamaguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyusyu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - T. Aoyama
- Department of Human Health Sciences; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - T. Tanabe
- Department of Public Health; Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; 1-1-1 Minamikogushi Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505 Japan
| | - K.-i. Matsumoto
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment; Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research; Organization for Research; Shimane University; 89-1 Enya Izumo Shimane 693-8501 Japan
| | - Y. Fujita
- Department of Public Health; Faculty of Medicine; Shimane University; 89-1 Enya Izumo Shimane 693-8501 Japan
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59
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Calamia V, Mateos J, Fernández-Puente P, Lourido L, Rocha B, Fernández-Costa C, Montell E, Vergés J, Ruiz-Romero C, Blanco FJ. A pharmacoproteomic study confirms the synergistic effect of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5069. [PMID: 24912619 PMCID: PMC5381474 DOI: 10.1038/srep05069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common age-related rheumatic disease. Chondrocytes play a primary role in mediating cartilage destruction and extracellular matrix (ECM) breakdown, which are main features of the OA joint. Quantitative proteomics technologies are demonstrating a very interesting power for studying the molecular effects of some drugs currently used to treat OA patients, such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine (GlcN). In this work, we employed the iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) technique to assess the effect of CS and GlcN, both alone and in combination, in modifying cartilage ECM metabolism by the analysis of OA chondrocytes secretome. 186 different proteins secreted by the treated OA chondrocytes were identified. 36 of them presented statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between untreated and treated samples: 32 were increased and 4 decreased. The synergistic chondroprotective effect of CS and GlcN, firstly reported by our group at the intracellular level, is now demonstrated also at the extracellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Calamia
- 1] Servicio de Reumatología, Grupo de Proteómica, ProteoRed/ISCIII, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña. C/As Xubias S/N. 15.006, A Coruña, Spain [2] Catedra Bioibérica-Universidade da Coruña. Hospital Universitario A Coruña. C/As Xubias S/N. 15.006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateos
- Servicio de Reumatología, Grupo de Proteómica, ProteoRed/ISCIII, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña. C/As Xubias S/N. 15.006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Puente
- Servicio de Reumatología, Grupo de Proteómica, ProteoRed/ISCIII, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña. C/As Xubias S/N. 15.006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Lucía Lourido
- Servicio de Reumatología, Grupo de Proteómica, ProteoRed/ISCIII, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña. C/As Xubias S/N. 15.006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rocha
- Servicio de Reumatología, Grupo de Proteómica, ProteoRed/ISCIII, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña. C/As Xubias S/N. 15.006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carolina Fernández-Costa
- Servicio de Reumatología, Grupo de Proteómica, ProteoRed/ISCIII, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña. C/As Xubias S/N. 15.006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eulalia Montell
- 1] Catedra Bioibérica-Universidade da Coruña. Hospital Universitario A Coruña. C/As Xubias S/N. 15.006, A Coruña, Spain [2] Pre-clinical R&D Area, Pharma Science Division, Bioibérica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vergés
- 1] Catedra Bioibérica-Universidade da Coruña. Hospital Universitario A Coruña. C/As Xubias S/N. 15.006, A Coruña, Spain [2] Pre-clinical R&D Area, Pharma Science Division, Bioibérica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Romero
- 1] Servicio de Reumatología, Grupo de Proteómica, ProteoRed/ISCIII, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña. C/As Xubias S/N. 15.006, A Coruña, Spain [2] CIBER-BBN-Area de Terapia Celular. Hospital Universitario A Coruña. C/As Xubias S/N. 15.006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- 1] Servicio de Reumatología, Grupo de Proteómica, ProteoRed/ISCIII, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña. C/As Xubias S/N. 15.006, A Coruña, Spain [2] Catedra Bioibérica-Universidade da Coruña. Hospital Universitario A Coruña. C/As Xubias S/N. 15.006, A Coruña, Spain [3] Departamento de Medicina. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain [4] Red de Inflamación y Enfermedades Reumatológicas. RIER/ISCIII. Madrid. Spain
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60
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Staines KA, Zhu D, Farquharson C, MacRae VE. Identification of novel regulators of osteoblast matrix mineralization by time series transcriptional profiling. J Bone Miner Metab 2014; 32:240-51. [PMID: 23925391 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineralization is a carefully orchestrated process, regulated by a number of promoters and inhibitors that function to ensure effective hydroxyapatite formation. Here we sought to identify new regulators of this process through a time series microarray analysis of mineralising primary osteoblast cultures over a 27 day culture period. To our knowledge this is the first microarray study investigating murine calvarial osteoblasts cultured under conditions that permit both physiological extracellular matrix mineralization through the formation of discrete nodules and the terminal differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes. RT-qPCR was used to validate and expand the microarray findings. We demonstrate the significant up-regulation of >6,000 genes during the osteoblast mineralization process, the highest-ranked differentially expressed genes of which were those dominated by members of the PPAR-γ signalling pathway, namely Adipoq, Cd36 and Fabp4. Furthermore, we show that the inhibition of this signalling pathway promotes matrix mineralisation in these primary osteoblast cultures. We also identify Cilp, Phex, Trb3, Sox11, and Psat1 as novel regulators of matrix mineralization. Further studies examining the precise function of the identified genes and their interactions will advance our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ann Staines
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK,
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61
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Kessels MY, Huitema LFA, Boeren S, Kranenbarg S, Schulte-Merker S, van Leeuwen JL, de Vries SC. Proteomics analysis of the zebrafish skeletal extracellular matrix. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90568. [PMID: 24608635 PMCID: PMC3946537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of the immature and mature skeleton is key to the development and function of the skeletal system. Notwithstanding its importance, it has been technically challenging to obtain a comprehensive picture of the changes in skeletal composition throughout the development of bone and cartilage. In this study, we analyzed the extracellular protein composition of the zebrafish skeleton using a mass spectrometry-based approach, resulting in the identification of 262 extracellular proteins, including most of the bone and cartilage specific proteins previously reported in mammalian species. By comparing these extracellular proteins at larval, juvenile, and adult developmental stages, 123 proteins were found that differed significantly in abundance during development. Proteins with a reported function in bone formation increased in abundance during zebrafish development, while analysis of the cartilage matrix revealed major compositional changes during development. The protein list includes ligands and inhibitors of various signaling pathways implicated in skeletogenesis such as the Int/Wingless as well as the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways. This first proteomic analysis of zebrafish skeletal development reveals that the zebrafish skeleton is comparable with the skeleton of other vertebrate species including mammals. In addition, our study reveals 6 novel proteins that have never been related to vertebrate skeletogenesis and shows a surprisingly large number of differences in the cartilage and bone proteome between the head, axis and caudal fin regions. Our study provides the first systematic assessment of bone and cartilage protein composition in an entire vertebrate at different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurijn Y. Kessels
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie F. A. Huitema
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kranenbarg
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sacco C. de Vries
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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62
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Young JL, Tuler J, Braden R, Schüp-Magoffin P, Schaefer J, Kretchmer K, Christman KL, Engler AJ. In vivo response to dynamic hyaluronic acid hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7151-7. [PMID: 23523533 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific elasticity arises in part from developmental changes in extracellular matrix over time, e.g. ~10-fold myocardial stiffening in the chicken embryo. When this time-dependent stiffening has been mimicked in vitro with thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) hydrogels, improved cardiomyocyte maturation has been observed. However, host interactions, matrix polymerization, and the stiffening kinetics remain uncertain in vivo, and each plays a critical role in therapeutic applications using HA-SH. Hematological and histological analysis of subcutaneously injected HA-SH hydrogels showed minimal systemic immune response and host cell infiltration. Most importantly, subcutaneously injected HA-SH hydrogels exhibited time-dependent porosity and stiffness changes at a rate similar to hydrogels polymerized in vitro. When injected intramyocardially host cells begin to actively degrade HA-SH hydrogels within 1week post-injection, continuing this process while producing matrix to nearly replace the hydrogel within 1month post-injection. While non-thiolated HA did not degrade after injection into the myocardium, it also did not elicit an immune response, unlike HA-SH, where visible granulomas and macrophage infiltration were present 1month post-injection, likely due to reactive thiol groups. Altogether these data suggest that the HA-SH hydrogel responds appropriately in a less vascularized niche and stiffens as had been demonstrated in vitro, but in more vascularized tissues, in vivo applicability appears limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Young
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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63
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Bell PA, Wagener R, Zaucke F, Koch M, Selley J, Warwood S, Knight D, Boot-Handford RP, Thornton DJ, Briggs MD. Analysis of the cartilage proteome from three different mouse models of genetic skeletal diseases reveals common and discrete disease signatures. Biol Open 2013; 2:802-11. [PMID: 23951406 PMCID: PMC3744072 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20135280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia are genetic skeletal diseases resulting from mutations in cartilage structural proteins. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry previously showed that the appearance of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) in targeted mouse models of these diseases is disrupted; however, the precise changes in ECM organization and the pathological consequences remain unknown. Our aim was to determine the effects of matrilin-3 and COMP mutations on the composition and extractability of ECM components to inform how these detrimental changes might influence cartilage organization and degeneration. Cartilage was sequentially extracted using increasing denaturants and the extraction profiles of specific proteins determined using SDS-PAGE/Western blotting. Furthermore, the relative composition of protein pools was determined using mass spectrometry for a non-biased semi-quantitative analysis. Western blotting revealed changes in the extraction of matrilins, COMP and collagen IX in mutant cartilage. Mass spectrometry confirmed quantitative changes in the extraction of structural and non-structural ECM proteins, including proteins with roles in cellular processes such as protein folding and trafficking. In particular, genotype-specific differences in the extraction of collagens XII and XIV and tenascins C and X were identified; interestingly, increased expression of several of these genes has recently been implicated in susceptibility and/or progression of murine osteoarthritis. We demonstrated that mutation of matrilin-3 and COMP caused changes in the extractability of other cartilage proteins and that proteomic analyses of Matn3 V194D, Comp T585M and Comp DelD469 mouse models revealed both common and discrete disease signatures that provide novel insight into skeletal disease mechanisms and cartilage degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Bell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PT , UK ; Present address: Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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64
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Burgstaller G, Oehrle B, Koch I, Lindner M, Eickelberg O. Multiplex profiling of cellular invasion in 3D cell culture models. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63121. [PMID: 23671660 PMCID: PMC3650046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To-date, most invasion or migration assays use a modified Boyden chamber-like design to assess migration as single-cell or scratch assays on coated or uncoated planar plastic surfaces. Here, we describe a 96-well microplate-based, high-content, three-dimensional cell culture assay capable of assessing invasion dynamics and molecular signatures thereof. On applying our invasion assay, we were able to demonstrate significant effects on the invasion capacity of fibroblast cell lines, as well as primary lung fibroblasts. Administration of epidermal growth factor resulted in a substantial increase of cellular invasion, thus making this technique suitable for high-throughput pharmacological screening of novel compounds regulating invasive and migratory pathways of primary cells. Our assay also correlates cellular invasiveness to molecular events. Thus, we argue of having developed a powerful and versatile toolbox for an extensive profiling of invasive cells in a 96-well format. This will have a major impact on research in disease areas like fibrosis, metastatic cancers, or chronic inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Burgstaller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Oehrle
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Koch
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Asklepios Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lindner
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Asklepios Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
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65
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Ayub Q, Yngvadottir B, Chen Y, Xue Y, Hu M, Vernes SC, Fisher SE, Tyler-Smith C. FOXP2 targets show evidence of positive selection in European populations. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:696-706. [PMID: 23602712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) is a highly conserved transcription factor that has been implicated in human speech and language disorders and plays important roles in the plasticity of the developing brain. The pattern of nucleotide polymorphisms in FOXP2 in modern populations suggests that it has been the target of positive (Darwinian) selection during recent human evolution. In our study, we searched for evidence of selection that might have followed FOXP2 adaptations in modern humans. We examined whether or not putative FOXP2 targets identified by chromatin-immunoprecipitation genomic screening show evidence of positive selection. We developed an algorithm that, for any given gene list, systematically generates matched lists of control genes from the Ensembl database, collates summary statistics for three frequency-spectrum-based neutrality tests from the low-coverage resequencing data of the 1000 Genomes Project, and determines whether these statistics are significantly different between the given gene targets and the set of controls. Overall, there was strong evidence of selection of FOXP2 targets in Europeans, but not in the Han Chinese, Japanese, or Yoruba populations. Significant outliers included several genes linked to cellular movement, reproduction, development, and immune cell trafficking, and 13 of these constituted a significant network associated with cardiac arteriopathy. Strong signals of selection were observed for CNTNAP2 and RBFOX1, key neurally expressed genes that have been consistently identified as direct FOXP2 targets in multiple studies and that have themselves been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders involving language dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Ayub
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
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Brachvogel B, Zaucke F, Dave K, Norris EL, Stermann J, Dayakli M, Koch M, Gorman JJ, Bateman JF, Wilson R. Comparative proteomic analysis of normal and collagen IX null mouse cartilage reveals altered extracellular matrix composition and novel components of the collagen IX interactome. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:13481-92. [PMID: 23530037 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.444810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen IX is an integral cartilage extracellular matrix component important in skeletal development and joint function. RESULTS Proteomic analysis and validation studies revealed novel alterations in collagen IX null cartilage. CONCLUSION Matrilin-4, collagen XII, thrombospondin-4, fibronectin, βig-h3, and epiphycan are components of the in vivo collagen IX interactome. SIGNIFICANCE We applied a proteomics approach to advance our understanding of collagen IX ablation in cartilage. The cartilage extracellular matrix is essential for endochondral bone development and joint function. In addition to the major aggrecan/collagen II framework, the interacting complex of collagen IX, matrilin-3, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is essential for cartilage matrix stability, as mutations in Col9a1, Col9a2, Col9a3, Comp, and Matn3 genes cause multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, in which patients develop early onset osteoarthritis. In mice, collagen IX ablation results in severely disturbed growth plate organization, hypocellular regions, and abnormal chondrocyte shape. This abnormal differentiation is likely to involve altered cell-matrix interactions but the mechanism is not known. To investigate the molecular basis of the collagen IX null phenotype we analyzed global differences in protein abundance between wild-type and knock-out femoral head cartilage by capillary HPLC tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 297 proteins in 3-day cartilage and 397 proteins in 21-day cartilage. Components that were differentially abundant between wild-type and collagen IX-deficient cartilage included 15 extracellular matrix proteins. Collagen IX ablation was associated with dramatically reduced COMP and matrilin-3, consistent with known interactions. Matrilin-1, matrilin-4, epiphycan, and thrombospondin-4 levels were reduced in collagen IX null cartilage, providing the first in vivo evidence for these proteins belonging to the collagen IX interactome. Thrombospondin-4 expression was reduced at the mRNA level, whereas matrilin-4 was verified as a novel collagen IX-binding protein. Furthermore, changes in TGFβ-induced protein βig-h3 and fibronectin abundance were found in the collagen IX knock-out but not associated with COMP ablation, indicating specific involvement in the abnormal collagen IX null cartilage. In addition, the more widespread expression of collagen XII in the collagen IX-deficient cartilage suggests an attempted compensatory response to the absence of collagen IX. Our differential proteomic analysis of cartilage is a novel approach to identify candidate matrix protein interactions in vivo, underpinning further analysis of mutant cartilage lacking other matrix components or harboring disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent Brachvogel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
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67
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Byron A, Humphries JD, Humphries MJ. Defining the extracellular matrix using proteomics. Int J Exp Pathol 2013; 94:75-92. [PMID: 23419153 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell microenvironment has a profound influence on the behaviour, growth and survival of cells. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides not only mechanical and structural support to cells and tissues but also binds soluble ligands and transmembrane receptors to provide spatial coordination of signalling processes. The ability of cells to sense the chemical, mechanical and topographical features of the ECM enables them to integrate complex, multiparametric information into a coherent response to the surrounding microenvironment. Consequently, dysregulation or mutation of ECM components results in a broad range of pathological conditions. Characterization of the composition of ECM derived from various cells has begun to reveal insights into ECM structure and function, and mechanisms of disease. Proteomic methodologies permit the global analysis of subcellular systems, but extracellular and transmembrane proteins present analytical difficulties to proteomic strategies owing to the particular biochemical properties of these molecules. Here, we review advances in proteomic approaches that have been applied to furthering our understanding of the ECM microenvironment. We survey recent studies that have addressed challenges in the analysis of ECM and discuss major outcomes in the context of health and disease. In addition, we summarize efforts to progress towards a systems-level understanding of ECM biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Wu P, DeLassus E, Patra D, Liao W, Sandell LJ. Effects of serum and compressive loading on the cartilage matrix synthesis and spatiotemporal deposition around chondrocytes in 3D culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1199-208. [PMID: 23410025 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of serum and compressive dynamic loading on the cartilaginous matrix spatiotemporal distribution around chondrocytes in vitro. Murine chondrocytes suspended in agarose were cultured in serum-free media or in varying concentrations of serum with or without compressive dynamic loading. Gene expression was assayed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was performed for type II collagen and type VI collagen, aggrecan, or cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) to study the effect of serum and dynamic loading on the spatiotemporal distribution of cartilage matrix components. Chondrocytes in serum-free culture exhibited negligible differences in type II collagen, aggrecan, and COMP mRNA expression levels over 15 days of cultivation. However, higher serum concentrations decreased matrix gene expression. Expression of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3 and MMP-13 mRNA increased over time in serum-free or reduced serum levels, but was significantly suppressed in 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Compressive loading significantly stimulated MMP-3 expression on days 7 and 15. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that maximum pericellular matrix deposition was achieved in 10% FBS culture in the absence of compressive loading. The pericellular distribution of type II and VI collagens, aggrecan, and COMP proteins tended to be more co-localized in the pericellular region from day 9 to day 21; compressive loading helped promote this co-localization of matrix proteins. The results of this study suggest that the quantity, quality, and spatial distribution of cartilaginous matrix can be altered by serum concentrations and compressive loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Sarkar P, Randall SM, Muddiman DC, Rao BM. Targeted proteomics of the secretory pathway reveals the secretome of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human embryonic stem cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:1829-39. [PMID: 22984290 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins endogenously secreted by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and those present in hESC culture medium are critical regulators of hESC self-renewal and differentiation. Current MS-based approaches for identifying secreted proteins rely predominantly on MS analysis of cell culture supernatants. Here we show that targeted proteomics of secretory pathway organelles is a powerful alternate approach for interrogating the cellular secretome. We have developed procedures to obtain subcellular fractions from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and hESCs that are enriched in secretory pathway organelles while ensuring retention of the secretory cargo. MS analysis of these fractions from hESCs cultured in MEF conditioned medium (MEF-CM) or MEFs exposed to hESC medium revealed 99 and 129 proteins putatively secreted by hESCs and MEFs, respectively. Of these, 53 and 62 proteins have been previously identified in cell culture supernatants of MEFs and hESCs, respectively, thus establishing the validity of our approach. Furthermore, 76 and 37 putatively secreted proteins identified in this study in MEFs and hESCs, respectively, have not been reported in previous MS analyses. The identification of low abundance secreted proteins via MS analysis of cell culture supernatants typically necessitates the use of altered culture conditions such as serum-free medium. However, an altered medium formulation might directly influence the cellular secretome. Indeed, we observed significant differences between the abundances of several secreted proteins in subcellular fractions isolated from hESCs cultured in MEF-CM and those exposed to unconditioned hESC medium for 24 h. In contrast, targeted proteomics of secretory pathway organelles does not require the use of customized media. We expect that our approach will be particularly valuable in two contexts highly relevant to hESC biology: obtaining a temporal snapshot of proteins secreted in response to a differentiation trigger, and identifying proteins secreted by cells that are isolated from a heterogeneous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Sarkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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