51
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Lopez E, Scott NE, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Low pH Exposure During Immunoglobulin G Purification Methods Results in Aggregates That Avidly Bind Fcγ Receptors: Implications for Measuring Fc Dependent Antibody Functions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2415. [PMID: 31681303 PMCID: PMC6797627 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the biophysical and functional nature of IgG is key to defining correlates of protection in infectious disease, and autoimmunity research cohorts, as well as vaccine efficacy trials. These studies often require small quantities of IgG to be purified from plasma for downstream analysis with high throughput immunoaffinity formats which elute IgG at low-pH, such as Protein G and Protein A. Herein we sought to compare Protein G purification of IgG with an immunoaffinity method which elutes at physiological pH (Melon Gel). Critical factors impacting Fc functionality with the potential to significantly influence FcγR binding, such as IgG subclass distribution, N-glycosylation, aggregation, and IgG conformational changes were investigated and compared. We observed that transient exposure of IgG to the low-pH elution buffer, used during the Protein G purification process, artificially enhanced recognition of Fcγ Receptors (FcγRs) as demonstrated by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), FcγR dimer ELISA, and a functional cell-based assay. Furthermore, low-pH exposed IgG caused conformational changes resulting in increased aggregation and hydrophobicity; factors likely to contribute to the observed enhanced interaction with FcγRs. These results highlight that methods employed to purify IgG can significantly alter FcγR-binding behavior and biological activity and suggest that the IgG purification approach selected may be a previously overlooked factor contributing to the poor reproducibility across current assays employed to evaluate Fc-mediated antibody effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Department, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Central Clinical School, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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52
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Steffen U, Schett G, Bozec A. How Autoantibodies Regulate Osteoclast Induced Bone Loss in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1483. [PMID: 31333647 PMCID: PMC6619397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by autoimmunity that triggers joint inflammation and tissue destruction. Traditional concepts of RA pathogenesis have strongly been focused on inflammation. However, more recent evidence suggests that autoimmunity per se modulates the disease and in particular bone destruction during the course of RA. RA-associated bone loss is caused by increased osteoclast differentiation and activity leading to rapid bone resorption. Autoimmunity in RA is based on autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA). These autoantibodies exert effector functions on immune cells and on bone resorbing osteoclasts, thereby facilitating bone loss. This review summarizes potential pathways involved in increased destruction of bone tissue in RA, particularly focusing on the direct and indirect actions of autoantibodies on osteoclast generation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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53
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Zhang Z, Westhrin M, Bondt A, Wuhrer M, Standal T, Holst S. Serum protein N-glycosylation changes in multiple myeloma. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:960-970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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54
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Abstract
Antibodies are immunoglobulins that play essential roles in immune systems. All antibodies are glycoproteins that carry at least one or more conserved N-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans) at the Fc domain. Many studies have demonstrated that both the presence and fine structures of the attached glycans can exert a profound impact on the biological functions and therapeutic efficacy of antibodies. However, antibodies usually exist as mixtures of heterogeneous glycoforms that are difficult to separate in pure glycoforms. Recent progress in glycoengineering has provided useful methods that enable production of glycan-defined and site-selectively modified antibodies for functional studies and for improved therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights major approaches in glycoengineering of antibodies with a focus on recent advances in three areas: glycoengineering through glycan biosynthetic pathway manipulation, glycoengineering through in vitro chemoenzymatic glycan remodeling, and glycoengineering of antibodies for site-specific antibody-drug conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - John P Giddens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Tiezheng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
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55
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Alves NJ. Antibody conjugation and formulation. Antib Ther 2019; 2:33-39. [PMID: 33928219 PMCID: PMC7990145 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era where ultra-high antibody concentrations, high viscosities, low volumes, auto-injectors and long storage requirements are already complex problems with the current unconjugated monoclonal antibodies on the market, the formulation demands for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are significant. Antibodies have historically been administered at relatively low concentrations through intravenous (IV) infusion due to their large size and the inability to formulate for oral delivery. Due to the high demands associated with IV infusion and the development of novel antibody targets and unique antibody conjugates, more accessible routes of administration such as intramuscular and subcutaneous are being explored. This review will summarize various site-specific and non-site-specific antibody conjugation techniques in the context of ADCs and the demands of formulation for high concentration clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Alves
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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56
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Abstract
In this chapter, we will present two methods for comprehensive glycoprotein characterization that are particularly but not exclusively useful for Pichia pastoris glycoproteins. One approach is intact protein mass measurement, where deglycosylation may be used to determine the mass of the unmodified protein. The other method is the classical bottom-up approach, where peptides and glycopeptides are analyzed by reversed-phase chromatography and detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The choice of chromatography solvents with a high ionic strength simplifies the identification of peaks of a particular peptide's glycopattern as it leads to co-elution of neutral and charged, i.e., phosphorylated, glycoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
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57
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Lu G, Holland LA. Profiling the N-Glycan Composition of IgG with Lectins and Capillary Nanogel Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1375-1383. [PMID: 30525457 PMCID: PMC6335613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Glycosylated human
IgG contains fucosylated biantennary N-glycans with
different modifications including N-acetylglucosamine,
which bisects the mannose core. Although
only a limited number of IgG N-glycan structures
are possible, human IgG N-glycans are predominantly
biantennary and fucosylated and contain varying levels of α2–6-linked
sialic acid, galactose, and bisected N-acetylglucosamine.
Monitoring the relative abundance of bisecting N-acetylglucosamine
is relevant to physiological processes. A rapid, inexpensive, and
automated method is used to successfully profile N-linked IgG glycans
and is suitable to distinguish differences in bisection, galactosylation,
and sialylation in N-glycans derived from different
sources of human IgG. The separation is facilitated with self-assembled
nanogels that also contain a single stationary zone of lectin. When
the lectin specificity matches the N-glycan, the
peak disappears from the electropherogram, identifying the N-glycan structure. The nanogel electrophoresis generates
separation efficiencies of 500 000 plates and resolves the
positional isomers of monogalactosylated biantennary N-glycan and the monogalactosylated bisected N-glycan. Aleuria aurantia lectin, Erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECL), Sambucus nigra lectin, and Phaseolus vulgaris Erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) are used to
identify fucose, galactose, α2–6-linked sialic acid,
and bisected N-acetylglucosamine, respectively. Although
PHA-E lectin has a strong binding affinity for bisected N-glycans that also contain a terminal galactose on the α1–6-linked
mannose branch, this lectin has lower affinity for N-glycans containing terminal galactose and for agalactosylated bisected
biantennary N-glycans. The lower affinity to these
motifs is observed in the electropherograms as a change in peak width,
which when used in conjunction with the results from the ECL lectin
authenticates the composition of the agalactosylated bisected biantennary N-glycan. For runs performed at 17 °C, the precision
in migration time and peak area was less than or equal to 0.08 and
4% relative standard deviation, respectively. The method is compatible
with electrokinetic and hydrodynamic injections, with detection limits
of 70 and 300 pM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lu
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
| | - Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
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58
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Gudelj I, Lauc G, Pezer M. Immunoglobulin G glycosylation in aging and diseases. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:65-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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59
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Plomp R, de Haan N, Bondt A, Murli J, Dotz V, Wuhrer M. Comparative Glycomics of Immunoglobulin A and G From Saliva and Plasma Reveals Biomarker Potential. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2436. [PMID: 30405629 PMCID: PMC6206042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, the major antibody in the circulation of human adults, is well known for its influence on antibody effector functions and its alterations with various diseases. In contrast, knowledge on the role of glycans attached to IgA, which is a key immune defense agent in secretions, is very scarce. In this study we aimed to characterize the glycosylation of salivary (secretory) IgA, including the IgA joining chain (JC), and secretory component (SC) and to compare IgA and IgG glycosylation between human plasma and saliva samples to gain a first insight into oral cavity-specific antibody glycosylation. Plasma and whole saliva were collected from 19 healthy volunteers within a 2-h time window. IgG and IgA were affinity-purified from the two biofluids, followed by tryptic digestion and nanoLC-ESI-QTOF-MS(/MS) analysis. Saliva-derived IgG exhibited a slightly lower galactosylation and sialylation as compared to plasma-derived IgG. Glycosylation of IgA1, IgA2, and the JC showed substantial differences between the biofluids, with salivary proteins exhibiting a higher bisection, and lower galactosylation and sialylation as compared to plasma-derived IgA and JC. Additionally, all seven N-glycosylation sites, characterized on the SC of secretory IgA in saliva, carried highly fucosylated and fully galactosylated diantennary N-glycans. This study lays the basis for future research into the functional role of salivary Ig glycosylation as well as its biomarker potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina Plomp
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jayshri Murli
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Dotz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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60
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Yang X, Zhang C, Chen G, Sun C, Li J. Antibodies: The major participants in maternal-fetal interaction. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 45:39-46. [PMID: 30338894 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in maternal-fetal immune tolerance. We searched the related literatures and overviewed the major antibodies associated with pregnancy and described in details their possible roles in mediating maternal-fetal interactions. Antibodies classified into different types based on their functional or structural characteristics were summarized, including immunoglobulin G, blocking antibody, nonprecipitating asymmetric antibody, antiphospholipid antibody, antitrophoblast antibody and antipaternal antibody. The presence and levels of various circulating antibodies in pregnancy may play a crucial role in the occurrence, development and termination of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Clinical Lab, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Caiji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Lab, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Guozhen Chen
- Department of Clinical Lab, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Chengming Sun
- Department of Clinical Lab, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
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61
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Metabolic engineering of CHO cells to prepare glycoproteins. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:433-442. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As a complex and common post-translational modification, N-linked glycosylation affects a recombinant glycoprotein's biological activity and efficacy. For example, the α1,6-fucosylation significantly affects antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and α2,6-sialylation is critical for antibody anti-inflammatory activity. Terminal sialylation is important for a glycoprotein's circulatory half-life. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are currently the predominant recombinant protein production platform, and, in this review, the characteristics of CHO glycosylation are summarized. Moreover, recent and current metabolic engineering strategies for tailoring glycoprotein fucosylation and sialylation in CHO cells, intensely investigated in the past decades, are described. One approach for reducing α1,6-fucosylation is through inhibiting fucosyltransferase (FUT8) expression by knockdown and knockout methods. Another approach to modulate fucosylation is through inhibition of multiple genes in the fucosylation biosynthesis pathway or through chemical inhibitors. To modulate antibody sialylation of the fragment crystallizable region, expressions of sialyltransferase and galactotransferase individually or together with amino acid mutations can affect antibody glycoforms and further influence antibody effector functions. The inhibition of sialidase expression and chemical supplementations are also effective and complementary approaches to improve the sialylation levels on recombinant glycoproteins. The engineering of CHO cells or protein sequence to control glycoforms to produce more homogenous glycans is an emerging topic. For modulating the glycosylation metabolic pathways, the interplay of multiple glyco-gene knockouts and knockins and the combination of multiple approaches, including genetic manipulation, protein engineering and chemical supplementation, are detailed in order to achieve specific glycan profiles on recombinant glycoproteins for superior biological function and effectiveness.
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62
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Sha Q, Wu Y, Wang C, Sun B, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Lin Y, Liu X. Cellulose microspheres-filled pipet tips for purification and enrichment of glycans and glycopeptides. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1569:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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63
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Háda V, Bagdi A, Bihari Z, Timári SB, Fizil Á, Szántay C. Recent advancements, challenges, and practical considerations in the mass spectrometry-based analytics of protein biotherapeutics: A viewpoint from the biosimilar industry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:214-238. [PMID: 30205300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The extensive analytical characterization of protein biotherapeutics, especially of biosimilars, is a critical part of the product development and registration. High-resolution mass spectrometry became the primary analytical tool used for the structural characterization of biotherapeutics. Its high instrumental sensitivity and methodological versatility made it possible to use this technique to characterize both the primary and higher-order structure of these proteins. However, even by using high-end instrumentation, analysts face several challenges with regard to how to cope with industrial and regulatory requirements, that is, how to obtain accurate and reliable analytical data in a time- and cost-efficient way. New sample preparation approaches, measurement techniques and data evaluation strategies are available to meet those requirements. The practical considerations of these methods are discussed in the present review article focusing on hot topics, such as reliable and efficient sequencing strategies, minimization of artefact formation during sample preparation, quantitative peptide mapping, the potential of multi-attribute methodology, the increasing role of mass spectrometry in higher-order structure characterization and the challenges of MS-based identification of host cell proteins. On the basis of the opportunities in new instrumental techniques, methodological advancements and software-driven data evaluation approaches, for the future one can envision an even wider application area for mass spectrometry in the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Háda
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary.
| | - Attila Bagdi
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bihari
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary
| | | | - Ádám Fizil
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szántay
- Spectroscopic Research Department, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary.
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64
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Lis-Kuberka J, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Królak-Olejnik B, Berghausen-Mazur M, Barańska K, Kątnik-Prastowska I. Lectin-based analysis of human milk immunoglobulin G fucosylated variants in relation to milk maturation and perinatal risk factors. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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65
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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66
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Roy R, Ang E, Komatsu E, Domalaon R, Bosseboeuf A, Harb J, Hermouet S, Krokhin O, Schweizer F, Perreault H. Absolute Quantitation of Glycoforms of Two Human IgG Subclasses Using Synthetic Fc Peptides and Glycopeptides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1086-1098. [PMID: 29796736 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins, such as immunoglobulin G (IgG), are of prime importance in the immune system. Polyclonal human IgG comprises four subclasses, of which IgG1 and IgG2 are the most abundant in healthy individuals. In an effort to develop an absolute MALDI-ToF-MS quantitative method for these subclasses and their Fc N-glycoforms, (glyco)peptides were synthesized using a solid-phase approach and used as internal standards. Tryptic digest glycopeptides from monoclonal IgG1 and IgG2 samples were first quantified using EEQYN(GlcNAc)STYR and EEQFN(GlcNAc)STFR standards, respectively. For IgG1, a similar glycopeptide where tyrosine (Y) was isotopically labelled was used to quantify monoclonal IgG1 that had been treated with the enzyme Endo-F2, i.e., yielding tryptic glycopeptide EEQYN(GlcNAc)STYR. The next step was to quantify single subclasses within polyclonal human IgG samples. Although ion abundances in the MALDI spectra often showed higher signals for IgG2 than IgG1, depending on the spotting solvent used, determination of amounts using the newly developed quantitative method allowed to obtain accurate concentrations where IgG1 species were predominant. It was observed that simultaneous analysis of IgG1 and IgG2 yielded non-quantitative results and that more success was obtained when subclasses were quantified one by one. More experiments served to assess the respective extraction and ionization efficiencies of EEQYNSTYR/EEQFNSTFR and EEQYN(GlcNAc)STYR/EEQFN(GlcNAc)STFR mixtures under different solvent and concentration conditions. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Evelyn Ang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Emy Komatsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ronald Domalaon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Adrien Bosseboeuf
- CRCINA, Inserm U1232, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Harb
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvie Hermouet
- CRCINA, Inserm U1232, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Oleg Krokhin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hélène Perreault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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67
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Wang Q, Chung CY, Chough S, Betenbaugh MJ. Antibody glycoengineering strategies in mammalian cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1378-1393. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Cheng-Yu Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Sandra Chough
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Michael J. Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
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68
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Sonneveld ME, Koeleman CAM, Plomp HR, Wuhrer M, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G. Fc-Glycosylation in Human IgG1 and IgG3 Is Similar for Both Total and Anti-Red-Blood Cell Anti-K Antibodies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:129. [PMID: 29445378 PMCID: PMC5797742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
After albumin, immunoglobulin G (IgG) are the most abundant proteins in human serum, with IgG1 and IgG3 being the most abundant subclasses directed against protein antigens. The quality of the IgG-Fc-glycosylation has important functional consequences, which have been found to be skewed toward low fucosylation in some antigen-specific immune responses. This increases the affinity to IgG1-Fc-receptor (FcγR)IIIa/b and thereby directly affects downstream effector functions and disease severity. To date, antigen-specific IgG-glycosylation have not been analyzed for IgG3. Here, we analyzed 30 pregnant women with anti-K alloantibodies from a prospective screening cohort and compared the type of Fc-tail glycosylation of total serum- and antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG3 using mass spectrometry. Total serum IgG1 and IgG3 Fc-glycoprofiles were highly similar. Fc glycosylation of antigen-specific IgG varied greatly between individuals, but correlated significantly with each other for IgG1 and IgG3, except for bisection. However, although the magnitude of changes in fucosylation and galactosylation were similar for both subclasses, this was not the case for sialylation levels, which were significantly higher for both total and anti-K IgG3. We found that the combination of relative IgG1 and IgG3 Fc-glycosylation levels did not improve the prediction of anti-K mediated disease over IgG1 alone. In conclusion, Fc-glycosylation profiles of serum- and antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG3 are highly similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe E Sonneveld
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carolien A M Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - H Rosina Plomp
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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69
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Abstract
As biological and clinical relevance of glycosylation is becoming more apparent, interest in large scale studies of the glycome is growing. Glycans attached to immunoglobulin G (IgG) were shown to be essential for its function and IgG glycosylation was shown to change with various processes, making IgG one of the most studied glycoproteins. Many approaches including liquid chromatography, capillary gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry were developed to study IgG glycosylation. Generation of high-quality glycomics data in a high-throughput fashion requires reproducible and robust sample preparation and accurate and reliable quantitative analysis. This chapter presents a protocol for an optimized and high-throughput IgG N-glycan release, fluorescent labeling and cleanup, and analysis of fluorescently labeled IgG N-glycans by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) on an ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system with fluorescence (FLR) detection.
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70
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Li W, Zhu Z, Chen W, Feng Y, Dimitrov DS. Crystallizable Fragment Glycoengineering for Therapeutic Antibodies Development. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1554. [PMID: 29181010 PMCID: PMC5693878 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapeutics are the fastest growing class of human pharmaceuticals. They are typically IgG1 molecules with N-glycans attached to the N297 residue on crystallizable fragment (Fc). Different Fc glycoforms impact their effector function, pharmacokinetics, stability, aggregation, safety, and immunogenicity. Fc glycoforms affect mAbs effector functions including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) by modulating the Fc-FcγRs and Fc-C1q interactions. While the terminal galactose enhances CDC activity, the fucose significantly decreases ADCC. Defucosylated immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) are thus highly pursued as next-generation therapeutic mAbs with potent ADCC at reduced doses. A plethora of cell glycoengineering and chemoenzymatic glycoengineering strategies is emerging to produce IgGs with homogenous glycoforms especially without core fucose. The chemoenzymatic glycosylation remodeling also offers useful avenues for site-specific conjugations of small molecule drugs onto mAbs. Herein, we review the current progress of IgG-Fc glycoengineering. We begin with the discussion of the structures of IgG N-glycans and biosynthesis followed by reviewing the impact of IgG glycoforms on antibody effector functions and the current Fc glycoengineering strategies with emphasis on Fc defucosylation. Furthermore, we briefly discuss two novel therapeutic mAbs formats: aglycosylated mAbs and Fc glycan specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The advances in the understanding of Fc glycobiology and development of novel glycoengineering technologies have facilitated the generation of therapeutic mAbs with homogenous glycoforms and improved therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Weizao Chen
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Yang Feng
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
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71
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Ohta Y, Kameda K, Matsumoto M, Kawasaki N. Rapid Glycopeptide Enrichment Using Cellulose Hydrophilic Interaction/Reversed-Phase StageTips. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 6:A0061. [PMID: 28852604 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Because the ionization efficiency for glycopeptides is lower than that of peptides in electrospray ionization, it is frequently necessary to enrich them prior to their analysis using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Although some methods for selectively enriching glycopeptides (e.g., lectin, agarose, and cellulose methods) have been reported, they are time-consuming (procedures that require several hours) and may not be applicable to submicrogram-sized samples. Here, we report on a rapid, simple method for enriching glycopeptides in small sample amounts using cellulose hydrophilic interaction (cellulose HILIC)/reversed-phase (RP) stop-and-go extraction tips (StageTips). Using the cellulose HILIC/RP StageTips, glycopeptide-selective enrichment can be achieved at the nanogram level within a few minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ohta
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University
| | - Kotaro Kameda
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Medical Life Science, Division of Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University
| | - Mei Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University
| | - Nana Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University.,Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Medical Life Science, Division of Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University
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72
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Pegg CL, Cooper LT, Zhao J, Gerometta M, Smith FM, Yeh M, Bartlett PF, Gorman JJ, Boyd AW. Glycoengineering of EphA4 Fc leads to a unique, long-acting and broad spectrum, Eph receptor therapeutic antagonist. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6519. [PMID: 28747680 PMCID: PMC5529513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors have emerged as targets for therapy in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease, however, particularly in non-neoplastic diseases, redundancy of function limits the effectiveness of targeting individual Eph proteins. We have shown previously that a soluble fusion protein, where the EphA4 ectodomain was fused to IgG Fc (EphA4 Fc), was an effective therapy in acute injuries and demonstrated that EphA4 Fc was a broad spectrum Eph/ephrin antagonist. However, a very short in vivo half-life effectively limited its therapeutic development. We report a unique glycoengineering approach to enhance the half-life of EphA4 Fc. Progressive deletion of three demonstrated N-linked sites in EphA4 progressively increased in vivo half-life such that the triple mutant protein showed dramatically improved pharmacokinetic characteristics. Importantly, protein stability, affinity for ephrin ligands and antagonism of cell expressed EphA4 was fully preserved, enabling it to be developed as a broad spectrum Eph/ephrin antagonist for use in both acute and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Pegg
- Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Leanne T Cooper
- Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Jing Zhao
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Gerometta
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Fiona M Smith
- Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Michael Yeh
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Perry F Bartlett
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Gorman
- Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, 4006, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew W Boyd
- Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4006, Australia
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73
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Dosekova E, Filip J, Bertok T, Both P, Kasak P, Tkac J. Nanotechnology in Glycomics: Applications in Diagnostics, Therapy, Imaging, and Separation Processes. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:514-626. [PMID: 27859448 PMCID: PMC5659385 DOI: 10.1002/med.21420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively covers the most recent achievements (from 2013) in the successful integration of nanomaterials in the field of glycomics. The first part of the paper addresses the beneficial properties of nanomaterials for the construction of biosensors, bioanalytical devices, and protocols for the detection of various analytes, including viruses and whole cells, together with their key characteristics. The second part of the review focuses on the application of nanomaterials integrated with glycans for various biomedical applications, that is, vaccines against viral and bacterial infections and cancer cells, as therapeutic agents, for in vivo imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and for selective drug delivery. The final part of the review describes various ways in which glycan enrichment can be effectively done using nanomaterials, molecularly imprinted polymers with polymer thickness controlled at the nanoscale, with a subsequent analysis of glycans by mass spectrometry. A short section describing an active glycoprofiling by microengines (microrockets) is covered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Dosekova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
| | - Jaroslav Filip
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar UniversityP.O. Box 2713DohaQatar
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
| | - Peter Both
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar UniversityP.O. Box 2713DohaQatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
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74
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Kemna MJ, Plomp R, van Paassen P, Koeleman CAM, Jansen BC, Damoiseaux JGMC, Cohen Tervaert JW, Wuhrer M. Galactosylation and Sialylation Levels of IgG Predict Relapse in Patients With PR3-ANCA Associated Vasculitis. EBioMedicine 2017; 17:108-118. [PMID: 28169190 PMCID: PMC5360573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study is to investigate the Fc glycosylation profiles of both antigen-specific IgG targeted against proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA) and total IgG as prognostic markers of relapse in patients with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA). METHODS Seventy-five patients with GPA and a PR3-ANCA rise during follow-up were included, of whom 43 patients relapsed within a median period of 8 (2-16) months. The N-glycan at Asn297 of affinity-purified and denatured total IgG and PR3-ANCA was determined by mass spectrometry of glycopeptides in samples obtained at the time of the PR3-ANCA rise and at the time of the relapse or time-matched during remission. RESULTS Patients with total IgG1 exhibiting low galactosylation or low sialylation were highly prone to relapse after an ANCA rise (HR 3.46 [95%-CI 1.73-6.96], p<0.0001 and HR 3.22 [95%-CI 1.52-6.83], p=0.002, respectively). In relapsing patients, total IgG1 galactosylation, sialylation and bisection significantly decreased and fucosylation significantly increased from the time of the PR3-ANCA rise to the relapse (p<0.0001, p=0.0087, p<0.0001 and p=0.0025), while the glycosylation profile remained similar in non-relapsing patients. PR3-ANCA IgG1 galactosylation, sialylation and fucosylation of PR3-ANCA IgG1 decreased in relapsing patients (p=0.0073, p=0.0049 and p=0.0205), but also in non-relapsing patients (p=0.0007, p=0.0114 and p=0.0002), while bisection increased only in non-relapsing patients (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION While Fc glycosylation profiles have been associated with clinically manifest autoimmune diseases, in the present study we show that low galactosylation and sialyation in total IgG1 but not PR3-ANCA IgG1 predicts disease reactivation in patients with GPA who experience an ANCA rise during follow-up. We postulate that glycosylation profiles may be useful in pre-emptive therapy studies using ANCA rises as guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kemna
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosina Plomp
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van Paassen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien A M Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bas C Jansen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G M C Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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75
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Quast I, Peschke B, Lünemann JD. Regulation of antibody effector functions through IgG Fc N-glycosylation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:837-847. [PMID: 27639381 PMCID: PMC11107549 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) antibodies are key effector proteins of the immune system. They recognize antigens with high specificity and are indispensable for immunological memory following pathogen exposure or vaccination. The constant, crystallizable fragment (Fc) of IgG molecules mediates antibody effector functions such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis. These functions are regulated by a single N-linked, biantennary glycan of the heavy chain, which resides just below the hinge region, and the presence of specific sugar moieties on the glycan has profound implications on IgG effector functions. Emerging knowledge of how Fc glycans contribute to IgG structure and functions has opened new avenues for the therapeutic exploitation of defined antibody glycoforms in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Here, we review recent advances in understanding proinflammatory IgG effector functions and their regulation by Fc glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaak Quast
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Peschke
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan D Lünemann
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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76
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Baykov IK, Matveev AL, Kondratov IG, Tikunova NV. N-glycosylation profile of the protective chimeric antibody ch14D5a against tick-borne encephalitis virus. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162017010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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77
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Yang Y, Wang G, Song T, Lebrilla CB, Heck AJR. Resolving the micro-heterogeneity and structural integrity of monoclonal antibodies by hybrid mass spectrometric approaches. MAbs 2017; 9:638-645. [PMID: 28281873 PMCID: PMC5419080 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1290033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
For therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), detailed analysis of the structural integrity and heterogeneity, which results from multiple types of post-translational modifications (PTMs), is relevant to various processes, including product characterization, storage stability and quality control. Despite the recent rapid development of new bioanalytical techniques, it is still challenging to completely characterize the proteoform profile of a mAb. As a nearly indispensable tool in mAb analysis, mass spectrometry (MS) provides unique structural information at multiple levels. Here, we tested a hybrid strategy for the comprehensive characterization of micro-heterogeneity by integrating 2 state-of-the-art MS-based approaches, high-resolution native MS and targeted glycan profiling, to perform complementary analysis at the intact protein level and released glycan level, respectively. We compared the performance of these methods using samples of engineered half-body IgG4s and a panel of mAbs approved for human use. The glycosylation characterization data derived from these approaches were found to be mutually consistent in composition profiling, and complementary in identification and relative-quantitation of low-abundant uncommon glycoforms. In addition, multiple other sources of micro-heterogeneity, such as glycation, lack of glycosylation, and loss of light chains, could be detected by this approach, and the contribution of multiple types of modifications to the overall micro-heterogeneity could be assessed using our superposition algorithm. Our data demonstrate that the hybrid strategy allows reliable and thorough characterization of mAbs, revealing product characteristics that would easily be missed if only a single approach were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- a Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics , Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Netherlands Proteomics Center , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Guanbo Wang
- a Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics , Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Netherlands Proteomics Center , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Ting Song
- c Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | | | - Albert J R Heck
- a Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics , Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Netherlands Proteomics Center , Utrecht , The Netherlands
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78
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Otani Y, Yonezawa A, Tsuda M, Imai S, Ikemi Y, Nakagawa S, Omura T, Nakagawa T, Yano I, Matsubara K. Time-Dependent Structural Alteration of Rituximab Analyzed by LC/TOF-MS after a Systemic Administration to Rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169588. [PMID: 28052138 PMCID: PMC5215255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have heterogeneities in their structures. Multiple studies have reported that the variety of post-translational modifications could affect the pharmacokinetic profiles or pharmacological potencies of therapeutic mAbs. Taking into the account that the structural modification of mAbs would affect the efficacy, it is worth investigating the structural alteration of therapeutic mAbs in the blood and the relationship between their structures and pharmacological effects. Herein, we have developed the method to isolate rituximab from plasma in which endogenous IgGs interfere the detection of rituximab, and successfully developed the analytical method with a liquid chromatograph time-of-flight mass spectrometer to detect the structure of rituximab in plasma with errors less than 30 parts per millions. Eight types of carbohydrate chains in rituximab were detected by this method. Interestingly, time-dependent changes in carbohydrate chains such as AAF (G2F) and GnGn (G0) were observed in rats, although the amino acids were stable. Additionally, these structural changes were observed via incubation in plasma as in the rat experiment, suggesting that a certain type of enzyme in plasma caused the alterations of the carbohydrate chains. The present analytical methods could clarify the actual pharmacokinetics of therapeutic mAbs, and help to evaluate the interindividual variations in pharmacokinetics and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Otani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atushi Yonezawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masahiro Tsuda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Ikemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Omura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yano
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Matsubara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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79
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Ruhaak LR. The Use of Multiple Reaction Monitoring on QQQ-MS for the Analysis of Protein- and Site-Specific Glycosylation Patterns in Serum. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1503:63-82. [PMID: 27743359 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6493-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, high-throughput glycomics approaches have been developed and applied to either complete biofluids, cell lysates or tissues, or proteins isolated thereof. However, during such analyses the N-glycan are released from the protein backbone and therefore site- and protein-specific information is lost. There exists a need for high-throughput methods that allow quantification of site- and protein-specific glycosylation patterns from complex biological mixtures. We here describe the use of a multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry based method for the generation of glycopeptide profiles of the nine high abundance glycoproteins IgG, IgA, IgM, haptoglobin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, transferrin, and complement C3. We show that the sample preparation can be performed at the 96-well level, and using a 17-min gradient on a RP-UPLC-QQQ instrument, 96 samples can be analyzed within 3 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Renee Ruhaak
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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80
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Quantitation of human milk proteins and their glycoforms using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:589-606. [PMID: 27796459 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human milk plays a substantial role in the child growth, development and determines their nutritional and health status. Despite the importance of the proteins and glycoproteins in human milk, very little quantitative information especially on their site-specific glycosylation is known. As more functions of milk proteins and other components continue to emerge, their fine-detailed quantitative information is becoming a key factor in milk research efforts. The present work utilizes a sensitive label-free MRM method to quantify seven milk proteins (α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, secretory immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, α1-antitrypsin, and lysozyme) using their unique peptides while at the same time, quantifying their site-specific N-glycosylation relative to the protein abundance. The method is highly reproducible, has low limit of quantitation, and accounts for differences in glycosylation due to variations in protein amounts. The method described here expands our knowledge about human milk proteins and provides vital details that could be used in monitoring the health of the infant and even the mother. Graphical Abstract The glycopeptides EICs generated from QQQ.
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81
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Sanda M, Goldman R. Data Independent Analysis of IgG Glycoforms in Samples of Unfractionated Human Plasma. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10118-10125. [PMID: 27649061 PMCID: PMC5803558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation regulates functional responses mediated by the interaction of IgG with their receptors. Multiple analytical methods have been designed for the determination of the IgG N-glycan microheterogeneity, including MS methods for the analysis of site specific glycoforms of IgG. However, measurement of low abundant glycoforms remains challenging in complex samples like serum without enrichment of the IgG. We present a workflow for quantitative analysis of site specific glycoforms of IgG based on data independent acquisition (DIA) of Y-ions generated under "minimal" fragmentation conditions. The adjusted collision induced dissociation (CID) conditions generate specific Y-ions in the yield of up to 60% precursor ion intensity. These selective fragments, measured in high resolution, improve specificity of detection compared to the typically quantified B-ions which have higher overall intensity but lower signal-to-noise ratios. Under optimized conditions, we achieve label-free quantification of the majority of previously reported glycoforms of IgG (26 glycoforms of IgG1, 22 glycoforms of IgG 2/3, and 19 glycoforms of IgG4) directly in unfractionated samples of human plasma and we detect traces of previously unreported glycoforms of IgG1, including doubly fucosylated glycoforms. The SWATH data independent quantification of IgG glycoforms in pooled plasma samples of patients with liver cirrhosis detects reliably the expected changes in the quantity of major glycoforms compared to healthy controls. Our results show that optimized CID fragmentation enables DIA of IgG glycoforms and suggest that such workflow may enable quantitative analyses of the glycoproteome in complex matrixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslav Sanda
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Radoslav Goldman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
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82
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Hu W, Su X, Zhu Z, Go EP, Desaire H. GlycoPep MassList: software to generate massive inclusion lists for glycopeptide analyses. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:561-570. [PMID: 27614974 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation drives many biological processes and serves as markers for disease; therefore, the development of tools to study glycosylation is an essential and growing area of research. Mass spectrometry can be used to identify both the glycans of interest and the glycosylation sites to which those glycans are attached, when proteins are proteolytically digested and their glycopeptides are analyzed by a combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) methods. One major challenge in these experiments is collecting the requisite MS/MS data. The digested glycopeptides are often present in complex mixtures and in low abundance, and the most commonly used approach to collect MS/MS data on these species is data-dependent acquisition (DDA), where only the most intense precursor ions trigger MS/MS. DDA results in limited glycopeptide coverage. Semi-targeted data acquisition is an alternative experimental approach that can alleviate this difficulty. However, due to the massive heterogeneity of glycopeptides, it is not obvious how to expediently generate inclusion lists for these types of analyses. To solve this problem, we developed the software tool GlycoPep MassList, which can be used to generate inclusion lists for liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) experiments. The utility of the software was tested by conducting comparisons between semi-targeted and untargeted data-dependent analysis experiments on a variety of proteins, including IgG, a protein whose glycosylation must be characterized during its production as a biotherapeutic. When the GlycoPep MassList software was used to generate inclusion lists for LC-MS/MS experiments, more unique glycopeptides were selected for fragmentation. Generally, ∼30 % more unique glycopeptides can be analyzed per protein, in the simplest cases, with low background. In cases where background ions from proteins or other interferents are high, usage of an inclusion list is even more advantageous. The software is freely publically accessible. Graphical abstract Software increases the number of glycopeptides that get selected for MS/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Zhikai Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Eden P Go
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Heather Desaire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA.
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83
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Reiding KR, Hipgrave Ederveen AL, Rombouts Y, Wuhrer M. Murine Plasma N-Glycosylation Traits Associated with Sex and Strain. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:3489-3499. [PMID: 27546880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an abundant and important protein modification with large influence on the properties and interactions of glycoconjugates. Human plasma N-glycosylation has been the subject of frequent investigation, revealing strong associations with physiological and pathological conditions. Less well-characterized is the plasma N-glycosylation of the mouse, the most commonly used animal model for studying human diseases, particularly with regard to differences between strains and sexes. For this reason, we used MALDI-TOF(/TOF)-MS(/MS) assisted by linkage-specific derivatization of the sialic acids to comparatively analyze the plasma N-glycosylation of both male and female mice originating from BALB/c, CD57BL/6, CD-1, and Swiss Webster strains. The combined use of this analytical method and the recently developed data processing software named MassyTools allowed the relative quantification of the N-glycan species within plasma, the distinction between α2,3- and α2,6-linked N-glycolylneuraminic acids (due to respective lactonization and ethyl esterification), the detection of sialic acid O-acetylation, as well as the characterization of branching sialylation (Neu5Gcα2,3-Hex-[Neu5Gcα2,6-]HexNAc). When analyzing the glycosylation according to mouse sex, we found that female mice present a considerably higher degree of core fucosylation (2-4-fold depending on the strain), galactosylation, α2,6-linked sialylation, and larger high-mannose type glycan species compared with their male counterparts. Male mice, on the contrary, showed on average higher α2,3-linked sialylation, branching sialylation, and putative bisection. These differences together with sialic acid acetylation proved to be strain-specific as well. Interestingly, the outbred strains CD-1 and Swiss Webster displayed considerably larger interindividual variation than inbred strains BALB/c and CD57BL/6, suggesting a strong hereditable component of the observed plasma N-glycome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli R Reiding
- Leiden University Medical Center , Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes L Hipgrave Ederveen
- Leiden University Medical Center , Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- Leiden University Medical Center , Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands.,Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Center , Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
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84
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Hintersteiner B, Lingg N, Zhang P, Woen S, Hoi KM, Stranner S, Wiederkum S, Mutschlechner O, Schuster M, Loibner H, Jungbauer A. Charge heterogeneity: Basic antibody charge variants with increased binding to Fc receptors. MAbs 2016; 8:1548-1560. [PMID: 27559765 PMCID: PMC5098448 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1225642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified active isoforms of the chimeric anti-GD2 antibody, ch14.18, a recombinant antibody produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, which is already used in clinical trials.1,2,3 We separated the antibody by high resolution ion-exchange chromatography with linear pH gradient elution into acidic, main and basic charge variants on a preparative scale yielding enough material for an in-depth study of the sources and the effects of microheterogeneity. The binding affinity of the charge variants toward the antigen and various cell surface receptors was studied by Biacore. Effector functions were evaluated using cellular assays for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Basic charge variants showed increased binding to cell surface receptor FcγRIIIa, which plays a major role in regulating effector functions. Furthermore, increased binding of the basic fractions to the neonatal receptor was observed. As this receptor mediates the prolonged half-life of IgG in human serum, this data may well hint at an increased serum half-life of these basic variants compared to their more acidic counterparts. Different glycoform patterns, C-terminal lysine clipping and N-terminal pyroglutamate formation were identified as the main structural sources for the observed isoform pattern. Potential differences in structural stability between individual charge variant fractions by nano differential scanning calorimetry could not been detected. Our in-vitro data suggests that the connection between microheterogeneity and the biological activity of recombinant antibody therapeutics deserves more attention than commonly accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Hintersteiner
- a Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- a Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Peiqing Zhang
- b Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Centros , Singapore
| | - Susanto Woen
- b Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Centros , Singapore
| | - Kong Meng Hoi
- b Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Centros , Singapore
| | - Stefan Stranner
- c Apeiron Biologics AG, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter , Vienna , Austria
| | | | | | - Manfred Schuster
- c Apeiron Biologics AG, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter , Vienna , Austria
| | - Hans Loibner
- c Apeiron Biologics AG, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter , Vienna , Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- a Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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85
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Pompach P, Benada O, Rosůlek M, Darebná P, Hausner J, Růžička V, Volný M, Novák P. Protein Chips Compatible with MALDI Mass Spectrometry Prepared by Ambient Ion Landing. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8526-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pompach
- Institute
of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Science, Charles University in Prague, CZ-128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- AffiPro, s.r.o., CZ-250 63 Mratin, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Benada
- Institute
of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Science, J. E. Purkyně University in Ustí nad Labem, CZ-400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rosůlek
- Institute
of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Science, Charles University in Prague, CZ-128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Darebná
- Institute
of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Science, Charles University in Prague, CZ-128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hausner
- Institute
of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Science, Charles University in Prague, CZ-128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Michael Volný
- Institute
of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- AffiPro, s.r.o., CZ-250 63 Mratin, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novák
- Institute
of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Science, Charles University in Prague, CZ-128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- AffiPro, s.r.o., CZ-250 63 Mratin, Czech Republic
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86
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Huang Y, Nie Y, Boyes B, Orlando R. Resolving Isomeric Glycopeptide Glycoforms with Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC). J Biomol Tech 2016; 27:98-104. [PMID: 27582638 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.16-2703-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to resolve glycans while attached to tryptic peptides would greatly facilitate glycoproteomics, as this would enable site-specific glycan characterization. Peptide/glycopeptide separations are typically performed using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), where retention is driven by hydrophobic interaction. As the hydrophilic glycans do not interact significantly with the RPLC stationary phase, it is difficult to resolve glycopeptides that differ only in their glycan structure, even when these differences are large. Alternatively, glycans interact extensively with the stationary phases used in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), and consequently, differences in glycan structure have profound chromatographic shifts in this chromatographic mode. Here, we evaluate HILIC for the separation of isomeric glycopeptide mixtures that have the same peptide backbone but isomeric glycans. Hydrophilic functional groups on both the peptide and the glycan interact with the HILIC stationary phase, and thus, changes to either of these moieties can alter the chromatographic behavior of a glycopeptide. The interactive processes permit glycopeptides to be resolved from each other based on differences in their amino acid sequences and/or their attached glycans. The separations of glycans in HILIC are sufficient to permit resolution of isomeric N-glycan structures, such as sialylated N-glycan isomers differing in α2-3 and α2-6 linkages, while these glycans remain attached to peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Huang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Yongxin Nie
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, P.R. China; and
| | - Barry Boyes
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA;; Advanced Materials Technology, Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware 19810, USA
| | - Ron Orlando
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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87
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The promise of protein glycosylation for personalised medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1583-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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88
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Le NPL, Bowden TA, Struwe WB, Crispin M. Immune recruitment or suppression by glycan engineering of endogenous and therapeutic antibodies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1860:1655-68. [PMID: 27105835 PMCID: PMC4922387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human serum IgG contains multiple glycoforms which exhibit a range of binding properties to effector molecules such as cellular Fc receptors. Emerging knowledge of how the Fc glycans contribute to the antibody structure and effector functions has opened new avenues for the exploitation of defined antibody glycoforms in the treatment of diseases. Here, we review the structure and activity of antibody glycoforms and highlight developments in antibody glycoengineering by both the manipulation of the cellular glycosylation machinery and by chemoenzymatic synthesis. We discuss wide ranging applications of antibody glycoengineering in the treatment of cancer, autoimmunity and inflammation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Phuong Lan Le
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Weston B Struwe
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Max Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
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89
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Gardinassi LG, de Miranda Santos IKF. Comment on "Regulation of immunity during visceral Leishmania infection" and further discussions about the role of antibodies in infections with Leishmania. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:386. [PMID: 27387545 PMCID: PMC4936235 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Comments on the article "Regulation of immunity during visceral Leishmania infection" published in Parasites & Vectors 2016, 9:118, and further discussions about the role of antibodies in infections with Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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90
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IgG1 Fc N-glycan galactosylation as a biomarker for immune activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28207. [PMID: 27306703 PMCID: PMC4910062 DOI: 10.1038/srep28207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc N-glycosylation affects antibody-mediated effector functions and varies with inflammation rooted in both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Worldwide, communicable and non-communicable diseases tend to segregate geographically. Therefore, we studied whether IgG Fc N-glycosylation varies in populations with different environmental exposures in different parts of the world. IgG Fc N-glycosylation was analysed in serum/plasma of 700 school-age children from different communities of Gabon, Ghana, Ecuador, the Netherlands and Germany. IgG1 galactosylation levels were generally higher in more affluent countries and in more urban communities. High IgG1 galactosylation levels correlated with low total IgE levels, low C-reactive protein levels and low prevalence of parasitic infections. Linear mixed modelling showed that only positivity for parasitic infections was a significant predictor of reduced IgG1 galactosylation levels. That IgG1 galactosylation is a predictor of immune activation is supported by the observation that asthmatic children seemed to have reduced IgG1 galactosylation levels as well. This indicates that IgG1 galactosylation levels could be used as a biomarker for immune activation of populations, providing a valuable tool for studies examining the epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases.
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91
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Castilho A, Gruber C, Thader A, Oostenbrink C, Pechlaner M, Steinkellner H, Altmann F. Processing of complex N-glycans in IgG Fc-region is affected by core fucosylation. MAbs 2016; 7:863-70. [PMID: 26067753 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1053683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated N-glycan processing of immunoglobulin G1 using the monoclonal antibody cetuximab (CxMab), which has a glycosite in the Fab domain in addition to the conserved Fc glycosylation, as a reporter. Three GlcNAc (Gn) terminating bi-antennary glycoforms of CxMab differing in core fucosylation (α1,3- and α1,6-linkage) were generated in a plant-based expression platform. These GnGn, GnGnF(3), and GnGnF(6) CxMab variants were subjected in vivo to further processing toward sialylation and GlcNAc diversification (bisected and branching structures). Mass spectrometry-based glycan analyses revealed efficient processing of Fab glycans toward envisaged structures. By contrast, Fc glycan processing largely depend on the presence of core fucose. A particularly strong support of glycan processing in the presence of plant-specific core α1,3-fucose was observed. Consistently, molecular modeling suggests changes in the interactions of the Fc carbohydrate chain depending on the presence of core fucose, possibly changing the accessibility. Here, we provide data that reveal molecular mechanisms of glycan processing of IgG antibodies, which may have implications for the generation of glycan-engineered therapeutic antibodies with improved efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Castilho
- a Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology ; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ; Vienna , Austria
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92
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Jansen BC, Bondt A, Reiding KR, Lonardi E, de Jong CJ, Falck D, Kammeijer GSM, Dolhain RJEM, Rombouts Y, Wuhrer M. Pregnancy-associated serum N-glycome changes studied by high-throughput MALDI-TOF-MS. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23296. [PMID: 27075729 PMCID: PMC4831011 DOI: 10.1038/srep23296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy requires partial suppression of the immune system to ensure maternal-foetal tolerance. Protein glycosylation, and especially terminal sialic acid linkages, are of prime importance in regulating the pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses. However, little is known about pregnancy-associated changes of the serum N-glycome and sialic acid linkages. Using a combination of recently developed methods, i.e. derivatisation that allows the distinction between α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids by high-throughput MALDI-TOF-MS and software-assisted data processing, we analysed the serum N-glycome of a cohort of 29 healthy women at 6 time points during and after pregnancy. A total of 77 N-glycans were followed over time, confirming in part previous findings while also revealing novel associations (e.g. an increase of FA2BG1S1(6), FA2G1S1(6) and A2BG2S2(6) with delivery). From the individual glycans we calculated 42 derived traits. With these, an increase during pregnancy and decrease after delivery was observed for both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialylation. Additionally, a difference in the recovery speed after delivery was observed for α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialylation of triantennary glycans. In conclusion, our new high-throughput workflow allowed the identification of novel plasma glycosylation changes with pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas C. Jansen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karli R. Reiding
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuela Lonardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Coen J. de Jong
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Guinevere S. M. Kammeijer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Radboud J. E. M. Dolhain
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59 000 Lille, France
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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93
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Reusch D, Haberger M, Falck D, Peter B, Maier B, Gassner J, Hook M, Wagner K, Bonnington L, Bulau P, Wuhrer M. Comparison of methods for the analysis of therapeutic immunoglobulin G Fc-glycosylation profiles-Part 2: Mass spectrometric methods. MAbs 2016; 7:732-42. [PMID: 25996192 PMCID: PMC4622708 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1045173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To monitor the Fc glycosylation of therapeutic immunoglobulin G in bioprocess development, product characterization and release analytics, reliable techniques for glycosylation analysis are needed. Several analytical methods are suitable for this application. We recently presented results comparing detection methods for glycan analysis that are separation-based, but did not include mass spectrometry (MS). In the study reported here, we comprehensively compared MS-based methods for Fc glycosylation profiling of an IgG biopharmaceutical. A therapeutic antibody reference material was analyzed 6-fold on 2 different days, and the methods investigated were compared with respect to precision, accuracy, throughput and analysis time. Emphasis was put on the detection and quantitation of sialic acid-containing glycans. Eleven MS methods were compared to hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography of 2-aminobenzamide labeled glycans with fluorescence detection, which served as a reference method and was also used in the first part of the study. The methods compared include electrospray MS of the heavy chain and Fc part after limited digestion, liquid chromatography MS of a tryptic digest, porous graphitized carbon chromatography MS of released glycans, electrospray MS of glycopeptides, as well as matrix assisted laser desorption ionization MS of glycans and glycopeptides. Most methods showed excellent precision and accuracy. Some differences were observed with regard to the detection and quantitation of low abundant glycan species like the sialylated glycans and the amount of artefacts due to in-source decay.
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Key Words
- 2-AB, 2-aminobenzamide
- CE, capillary electrophoresis
- ESI-MS
- ESI-MS, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry
- Fab, fragment antigen-binding
- Fc, fragment crystallizable
- HILIC-UHPLC, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- HILIC-UPLC
- HPAEC-PAD, high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection
- IdeS protease, proteolytic enzyme like protease from Streptococcus pyrogenes
- IgG glycosylation
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- LC-MS
- LCMS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- MALDI, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization
- MALDI-MS
- PGC-MS, porous graphitized carbon chromatography- mass spectrometry
- PNGase F, Peptide-N-Glycosidase F
- RP-HPLC, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography
- TIC, total ion chromatogram
- glycan analysis
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- mass spectrometry
- method comparison
- monoclonal antibody (mAb)
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Reusch
- a Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg; Roche Diagnostics GmbH ; Penzberg , Germany
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94
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Sonneveld ME, Natunen S, Sainio S, Koeleman CAM, Holst S, Dekkers G, Koelewijn J, Partanen J, van der Schoot CE, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G. Glycosylation pattern of anti-platelet IgG is stable during pregnancy and predicts clinical outcome in alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:310-20. [PMID: 27017954 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a potentially life-threatening disease where fetal platelets are destroyed by maternal anti-platelet IgG alloantibodies. The clinical outcome varies from asymptomatic, to petechiae or intracranial haemorrhage, but no marker has shown reliable correlation with severity, making screening for FNAIT impractical and highly inefficient. We recently found IgG Fc-glycosylation towards platelet and red blood cell antigens to be skewed towards decreased fucosylation, increased galactosylation and sialylation. The lowered core-fucosylation increases the affinity of the pathogenic antibodies to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, and hence platelet destruction. Here we analysed the N-linked glycans of human platelet antigen (HPA)-1a specific IgG1 with mass spectrometry in large series of FNAIT cases (n = 166) including longitudinal samples (n = 26). Besides a significant decrease in Fc-fucosylation after the first pregnancy (P = 0·0124), Fc-glycosylation levels remained stable during and after pregnancy and in subsequent pregnancies. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified anti-HPA-1a -fucosylation (P = 0·006) combined with galactosylation (P = 0·021) and antibody level (P = 0·038) correlated with bleeding severity, making these parameters a feasible marker in screening for severe cases of FNAIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe E Sonneveld
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suvi Natunen
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Carolien A M Koeleman
- Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Holst
- Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gillian Dekkers
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Koelewijn
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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95
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Plomp R, Bondt A, de Haan N, Rombouts Y, Wuhrer M. Recent Advances in Clinical Glycoproteomics of Immunoglobulins (Igs). Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2217-28. [PMID: 27009965 PMCID: PMC4937499 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o116.058503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody glycosylation analysis has seen methodological progress resulting in new findings with regard to antibody glycan structure and function in recent years. For example, antigen-specific IgG glycosylation analysis is now applicable for clinical samples because of the increased sensitivity of measurements, and this has led to new insights in the relationship between IgG glycosylation and various diseases. Furthermore, many new methods have been developed for the purification and analysis of IgG Fc glycopeptides, notably multiple reaction monitoring for high-throughput quantitative glycosylation analysis. In addition, new protocols for IgG Fab glycosylation analysis were established revealing autoimmune disease-associated changes. Functional analysis has shown that glycosylation of IgA and IgE is involved in transport across the intestinal epithelium and receptor binding, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina Plomp
- From the ‡Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- From the ‡Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands; §Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- From the ‡Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- ¶Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- From the ‡Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands;
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96
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Aich U, Lakbub J, Liu A. State-of-the-art technologies for rapid and high-throughput sample preparation and analysis ofN-glycans from antibodies. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1468-88. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Udayanath Aich
- Biopharmaceutical Analytical Sciences; Biopharmaceutical Development, GlaxoSmithKline; King of Prussia PA USA
| | - Jude Lakbub
- Biopharmaceutical Analytical Sciences; Biopharmaceutical Development, GlaxoSmithKline; King of Prussia PA USA
| | - Aston Liu
- Biopharmaceutical Analytical Sciences; Biopharmaceutical Development, GlaxoSmithKline; King of Prussia PA USA
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97
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Gruber C, Altmann F. Site-Specific Glycosylation Profiling Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1321:407-15. [PMID: 26082237 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2760-9_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A method for comprehensive glycoprotein characterization via glycopeptide generation and analysis is presented. Parallel analysis of a deglycosylated sample and the use of buffered solvent simplify the identification of peaks comprising the glycopattern of a given peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gruber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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98
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Hinneburg H, Stavenhagen K, Schweiger-Hufnagel U, Pengelley S, Jabs W, Seeberger PH, Silva DV, Wuhrer M, Kolarich D. The Art of Destruction: Optimizing Collision Energies in Quadrupole-Time of Flight (Q-TOF) Instruments for Glycopeptide-Based Glycoproteomics. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:507-19. [PMID: 26729457 PMCID: PMC4756043 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In-depth site-specific investigations of protein glycosylation are the basis for understanding the biological function of glycoproteins. Mass spectrometry-based N- and O-glycopeptide analyses enable determination of the glycosylation site, site occupancy, as well as glycan varieties present on a particular site. However, the depth of information is highly dependent on the applied analytical tools, including glycopeptide fragmentation regimes and automated data analysis. Here, we used a small set of synthetic disialylated, biantennary N-glycopeptides to systematically tune Q-TOF instrument parameters towards optimal energy stepping collision induced dissociation (CID) of glycopeptides. A linear dependency of m/z-ratio and optimal fragmentation energy was found, showing that with increasing m/z-ratio, more energy is required for glycopeptide fragmentation. Based on these optimized fragmentation parameters, a method combining lower- and higher-energy CID was developed, allowing the online acquisition of glycan and peptide-specific fragments within a single tandem MS experiment. We validated this method analyzing a set of human immunoglobulins (IgA1+2, sIgA, IgG1+2, IgE, IgD, IgM) as well as bovine fetuin. These optimized fragmentation parameters also enabled software-assisted glycopeptide assignment of both N- and O-glycopeptides including information about the most abundant glycan compositions, peptide sequence and putative structures. Twenty-six out of 30 N-glycopeptides and four out of five O-glycopeptides carrying >110 different glycoforms could be identified by this optimized LC-ESI tandem MS method with minimal user input. The Q-TOF based glycopeptide analysis platform presented here opens the way to a range of different applications in glycoproteomics research as well as biopharmaceutical development and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hinneburg
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Stavenhagen
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.
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99
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Acute phase inflammation is characterized by rapid changes in plasma/peritoneal fluid N-glycosylation in mice. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:457-70. [PMID: 26924641 PMCID: PMC4891370 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Murine zymosan-induced peritonitis is a widely used model for studying the molecular and cellular events responsible for the initiation, persistence and/or resolution of inflammation. Among these events, it is becoming increasingly evident that changes in glycosylation of proteins, especially in the plasma and at the site of inflammation, play an important role in the inflammatory response. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS)-based glycosylation profiling, we investigated the qualitative and quantitative effect of zymosan-induced peritonitis on N-glycosylation in mouse plasma and peritoneal fluid. Our results show that both N-glycomes exhibit highly similar glycosylation patterns, consisting mainly of diantennary and triantennary complex type N-glycans with high levels (>95 %) of galactosylation and sialylation (mostly NeuGc) and a medium degree of core fucosylation (30 %). Moreover, MS/MS structural analysis, assisted by linkage-specific derivatization of sialic acids, revealed the presence of O-acetylated sialic acids as well as disialylated antennae (“branching sialylation”) characterized by the presence of α2-6-linked NeuGc on the GlcNAc of the NeuGcα2-3-Galβ1-3-GlcNAc terminal motif. A significant decrease of (core) fucosylation together with an increase of both α2-3-linked NeuGc and “branching sialylation” were observed in N-glycomes of mice challenged with zymosan, but not in control mice injected with PBS. Importantly, substantial changes in glycosylation were already observed 12 h after induction of peritonitis, thereby demonstrating an unexpected velocity of the biological mechanisms involved.
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100
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Sjögren J, Olsson F, Beck A. Rapid and improved characterization of therapeutic antibodies and antibody related products using IdeS digestion and subunit analysis. Analyst 2016; 141:3114-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibody subunits LC, Fd and Fc/2, generated by IdeS digestion has been applied in analytical methodologies to characterize antibody quality attributes such as glycosylation, oxidation, deamidation, and identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alain Beck
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre
- St Julien-en-Genevois
- France
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