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Clays E, Hallman D, Oakman J, Holtermann A. Objectively measured occupational physical activity in blue-collar workers: What is the role of job type, gender and psychosocial resources? APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 82:102948. [PMID: 31493536 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to describe occupational physical activity (OPA) and examine the role of psychosocial job resources among blue-collar workers. In a sample of 198 workers (57% male; mean age 44.9 (SD 9.9) year) from 7 companies in Denmark, two accelerometers (Actigraph) were placed on the thigh and trunk during 1-5 consecutive days, to determine working time spent standing, walking, on feet and in activity of moderate to vigorous intensity level (MVPA). The level of influence and social support at work were assessed by questionnaire. The exposure to OPA significantly varied by particular job type, especially in male predominant occupations. Overall, psychosocial job resources did not affect the exposure to OPA. These findings suggest that workplace interventions aiming to prevent adverse outcomes of OPA among blue-collars workers ought to focus on task redesign and target work organizational factors related to specific job type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - David Hallman
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Sweden.
| | - Jodi Oakman
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Ergonomics and Human Factors, La Trobe University, Australia.
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Neupane S, Karstad K, Hallman DM, Rugulies R, Holtermann A. Objectively measured versus self-reported occupational physical activity and multisite musculoskeletal pain: a prospective follow-up study at 20 nursing homes in Denmark. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 93:381-389. [PMID: 31760469 PMCID: PMC7078130 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To explore the prospective association of objectively measured and self-reported occupational physical activity (OPA) with multisite musculoskeletal pain (MSP) among Danish eldercare workers. Methods The study population consisted of eldercare workers in 20 Danish nursing homes (N = 553, response rate 59%, 525 female). Baseline data were collected in 2013–2014 and the 1-year follow-up was completed in 2016. At baseline, we measured objective OPA by a thigh-worn ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometer during work and self-reported OPA by a questionnaire survey. Information on musculoskeletal pain during the past four weeks in seven different body sites was reported by a structured questionnaire at baseline (n = 389) and by SMS and telephone interview during follow-up (n = 284). MSP was defined as having pain in two or more body sites. Using log-binomial models we calculated risk ratios (RRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the association between objectively measured and self-reported OPA and MSP. Results We found statistically significant positive associations between self-reported OPA (RR for high OPA 1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.46) and MSP while there was no significant association found between objective OPA and MSP. Conclusion Our study indicates that self-reported, but not objectively measured OPA is positively associated with MSP. This finding highlights the need for better understanding, use, and interpretation of self-reported and objectively measured OPA in the study of MSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subas Neupane
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland. .,Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland. .,Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kristina Karstad
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Hallman
- Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Johansson MS, Korshøj M, Schnohr P, Marott JL, Prescott EIB, Søgaard K, Holtermann A. Time spent cycling, walking, running, standing and sedentary: a cross-sectional analysis of accelerometer-data from 1670 adults in the Copenhagen City Heart Study : Physical behaviours among 1670 Copenhageners. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1370. [PMID: 31651272 PMCID: PMC6814105 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Information about how much time adults spend cycling, walking and running can be used for planning and evaluating initiatives for active, healthy societies. The objectives of this study were to describe how much time adult Copenhageners cycle, walk, run, stand and spend sedentary using accelerometers, and to describe differences between population groups. Methods In the fifth examination of the Copenhagen City Heart Study, 2335 individuals gave consent to wear accelerometers (skin-attached; right thigh and iliac crest; 24 h/day, 7 consecutive days) of which 1670 fulfilled our inclusion criteria (≥16 h/day for ≥5 days; median wear time: 23.8 h/day). Daily time spent cycling, walking, running, standing and sedentary was derived from accelerometer-based data using the Acti4 software, and differences between sex, age groups, level of education and BMI were investigated using Kruskal-Wallis rank sum tests. Results Among those cycling (61%), the median cycling time was 8.3 min/day. The median time walking, running, standing and sedentary was 82.6, 0.1, 182.5 and 579.1 min/day, respectively. About 88% walked fast (i.e., ≥100 steps/min) ≥30 min/day. The shortest duration and lowest prevalence of cycling, walking and running were found among older individuals, those with a low level of education, and individuals being overweight or obese. Conclusions We found a long duration and high prevalence of cycling and walking, but also that many adult Copenhageners spent much time sedentary. Population groups with low participation in physical activities such as cycling and walking should be targeted in future initiatives towards an active, healthy society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melker Staffan Johansson
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. .,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Mette Korshøj
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Schnohr
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen indg. 5, st, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jacob Louis Marott
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen indg. 5, st, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Eva Irene Bossano Prescott
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen indg. 5, st, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
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Calibration of Self-Reported Time Spent Sitting, Standing and Walking among Office Workers: A Compositional Data Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173111. [PMID: 31461868 PMCID: PMC6747301 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed and evaluated calibration models predicting objectively measured sitting, standing and walking time from self-reported data using a compositional data analysis (CoDA) approach. A total of 98 office workers (48 women) at the Swedish Transport Administration participated. At baseline and three-months follow-up, time spent sitting, standing and walking at work was assessed for five working days using a thigh-worn accelerometer (Actigraph), as well as by self-report (IPAQ). Individual compositions of time spent in the three behaviors were expressed by isometric log-ratios (ILR). Calibration models predicting objectively measured ILRs from self-reported ILRs were constructed using baseline data, and then validated using follow-up data. Un-calibrated self-reports were inaccurate; root-mean-square (RMS) errors of ILRs for sitting, standing and walking were 1.21, 1.24 and 1.03, respectively. Calibration reduced these errors to 36% (sitting), 40% (standing), and 24% (walking) of those prior to calibration. Calibration models remained effective for follow-up data, reducing RMS errors to 33% (sitting), 51% (standing), and 31% (walking). Thus, compositional calibration models were effective in reducing errors in self-reported physical behaviors during office work. Calibration of self-reports may present a cost-effective method for obtaining physical behavior data with satisfying accuracy in large-scale cohort and intervention studies.
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Crowley P, Skotte J, Stamatakis E, Hamer M, Aadahl M, Stevens ML, Rangul V, Mork PJ, Holtermann A. Comparison of physical behavior estimates from three different thigh-worn accelerometers brands: a proof-of-concept for the Prospective Physical Activity, Sitting, and Sleep consortium (ProPASS). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:65. [PMID: 31419998 PMCID: PMC6697962 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pooling data from thigh-worn accelerometers across multiple studies has great potential to advance evidence on the health benefits of physical activity. This requires harmonization of information on body postures, physical activity types, volumes and time patterns across different brands of devices. The aim of this study is to compare the physical behavior estimates provided by three different brands of thigh-worn accelerometers. Methods Twenty participants volunteered for a 7-day free-living measurement. Three accelerometers - ActiGraph GT3X+, Axivity AX3 and ActivPAL Micro4 - were randomly placed in a vertical line on the midsection of the right thigh. Raw data from each accelerometer was processed and classified into 8 physical activities and postures using the Acti4 software. Absolute differences between estimates and the respective coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated. Results We observed very minor differences between physical behavior estimates from three different accelerometer brands. When averaged over 24 h (1,440 min), the absolute difference (CV) between accelerometers were: 1.2 mins (0.001) for lying/sitting, 3.4 mins (0.02) for standing, 3.5 mins (0.06) for moving, 1.9 mins (0.03) for walking, 0.1 mins (0.19) for running, 1.2 mins (0.19) for stair climbing, 1.9 mins (0.07) for cycling. Moreover, there was an average absolute difference of 282 steps (0.03) per 24 h. Conclusions Physical behaviors were classified with negligible difference between the accelerometer brands. These results support harmonization of data from different thigh-worn accelerometers across multiple cohorts when analyzed in an identical manner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-019-0835-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Crowley
- The National Research Centre for the Work Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jørgen Skotte
- The National Research Centre for the Work Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre Prevention Research Collaboration, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Hamer
- School Sport Exercise, Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Matthew L Stevens
- The National Research Centre for the Work Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vegar Rangul
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paul J Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Work Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Gupta N, Hallman DM, Dumuid D, Vij A, Rasmussen CL, Jørgensen MB, Holtermann A. Movement behavior profiles and obesity: a latent profile analysis of 24-h time-use composition among Danish workers. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:409-417. [PMID: 31341260 PMCID: PMC6997119 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES An element of obesity prevention is increasing total physical activity energy expenditure. However, this approach does not incorporate the balance of various movement behaviors-physical activity, sedentary behaviors and sleep-across domains of the day. We aimed to identify time-use profiles over work and leisure, termed 'movement behavior profiles' and to investigate their association with obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS Eight-hundred-and-seven workers completed (a) thigh accelerometry and diaries to determine their 24-h composition of behaviors (sedentary and standing, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at work and leisure, and time in bed) and (b) obesity measurements. Movement behavior profiles were determined using latent profile analyses of isometric log-ratios of the 24-h composition, and labeled according to animal movement behavior traits. Linear models were applied to determine the association between profiles and obesity. RESULTS Four profiles were identified, labeled as "Chimpanzees" (n = 226), "Lions" (n = 179), "Ants" (n = 244), and "Koalas" (n = 158). "Chimpanzees" work time was evenly distributed between behaviors while their leisure time was predominantly active. Compared to Chimpanzees, "Lions" were more active at work and sedentary during leisure and spent more time in bed; "Ants" were more active at work and during leisure; "Koalas" were more sedentary at work and leisure and spent similar time in bed. With "Chimpanzees" as reference, "Lions" had least favorable obesity indicators: +2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6, 3.4) %body fat, +4.3 cm (1.4, 7.3) waist circumference and +1.0 (2.0, 0.0) Body Mass Index (BMI), followed by "Koalas" +2.0 (0.4, 3.7) %body fat, +3.1 cm (0.1, 6.0) waist circumference, and +0.8 (-0.30, 1.94) BMI. No significant differences were found between "Chimpanzees" and "Ants". CONCLUSIONS Movement behavior profiles across work and leisure time-use compositions are associated with obesity. Achieving adequate balance between work and leisure movement behaviors should be further investigated as a potential obesity prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - David M Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Akshay Vij
- Institute for Choice, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Palm P, Gupta N, Forsman M, Skotte J, Nordquist T, Holtermann A. Exposure to Upper Arm Elevation During Work Compared to Leisure Among 12 Different Occupations Measured with Triaxial Accelerometers. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 62:689-698. [PMID: 29945157 PMCID: PMC6037214 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Regarding prevention of neck and shoulder pain (NSP), unsupported arm elevation is one factor that should be taken into account when performing work risk assessment. Triaxial accelerometers can be used to measure arm elevation over several days but it is not possible to differentiate between supported and unsupported arm elevation from accelerometers only. Supported arm elevation is more likely to exist during sitting than standing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of whole workday measurements of arm elevation with accelerometers to assess potentially harmful work exposure of arm elevation, by comparing arm elevation at work with arm elevation during leisure, in a population with diverse work tasks, and to assess how the exposure parameters were modified when upper arm elevation during sitting time was excluded. The participants, 197 workers belonging to 12 occupational groups with diverse work tasks, wore triaxial accelerometers on the dominant arm, hip, and back for 1–4 days to measure arm elevation and periods of sitting. None of the groups were found to have higher exposure to arm elevation during work compared to leisure. Even though some occupations where known to have work tasks that forced them to work with elevated arms to a large extent. A high proportion of arm elevation derived from sitting time, especially so during leisure. When arm elevation during sitting time was excluded from the analysis, arm elevation was significantly higher at work than during leisure among construction workers, garbage collectors, manufacturing workers, and domestic cleaners. Together this illustrates that it is not suitable to use whole workday measurments of arm elevation with accelerometer as a sole information source when assessing the risk for NSP due to arm elevation. Information on body posture can provide relevant contextual information in exposure assessments when it is known that the potential harmful exposure is performed in standing or walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Palm
- Department of Medical Sciences Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dag Hammarsjköldsväg, Uppsala, Sweden.,Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Akademiska sjukhuset, Dag Hammarsjköldsväg, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environmnent, Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mikael Forsman
- IMM Institute of Environmnental Medicine, Nobels väg, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Solnavägen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Skotte
- National Research Centre for the Working Environmnent, Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Tobias Nordquist
- Department of Medical Sciences Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dag Hammarsjköldsväg, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environmnent, Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Odense, Campusvej, Odense, Denmark
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Ketels M, De Bacquer D, Geens T, Janssens H, Korshøj M, Holtermann A, Clays E. Assessing physiological response mechanisms and the role of psychosocial job resources in the physical activity health paradox: study protocol for the Flemish Employees' Physical Activity (FEPA) study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:765. [PMID: 31202266 PMCID: PMC6570960 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the current labour system many workers are still exposed to heavy physical demands during their job. In contrast to leisure time physical activity (LTPA), occupational physical activity (OPA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality, termed “the physical activity (PA) health paradox”. In order to gain more insight into the PA health paradox, an exploration of structural preventive measures at the workplace is needed and therefore objective field measurements are highly recommended. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the protocol of the Flemish Employees’ Physical Activity (FEPA) study, including objective measurements of PA, heart rate (HR) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to gain more insight into the PA health paradox. Methods A total of 401 workers participated in the FEPA study across seven companies in the service and production sector in Belgium. The participants comprised 167 men and 234 women, aged 20 to 65 years. OPA and LTPA were assessed by two Axivity AX3 accelerometers on the thigh and upper back. Ambulatory HR was measured by the Faros eMotion 90° monitor. Both devices were worn during two to four consecutive working days. In addition, CRF was estimated by using the Harvard Step Test. Statistical analyses will be performed using Pearson correlation, and multiple regression adjusted for possible confounders. Discussion This study aims to provide a better insight in the PA health paradox and the possible buffering factors by using valid and objective measurements of PA and HR (both during LTPA and OPA) over multiple working days. The results of the study can contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease by providing tailored recommendations for participants with high levels of OPA and by disseminating the results and recommendations to workplaces, policy makers and occupational health practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Ketels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent University, entrance 42 (4K3), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dirk De Bacquer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent University, entrance 42 (4K3), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Geens
- Liantis, Occupational Health Services, Bruges, Belgium
| | | | - Mette Korshøj
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent University, entrance 42 (4K3), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Lund Rasmussen C, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Korshøj M, Gupta N, Nabe-Nielsen K, Holtermann A, Jørgensen MB. Is high aerobic workload at work associated with leisure time physical activity and sedentary behaviour among blue-collar workers? A compositional data analysis based on accelerometer data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217024. [PMID: 31170169 PMCID: PMC6553845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the hypothesized negative association between duration of work time spent at a high relative aerobic workload and leisure time movement behaviours among blue-collar workers. Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on heart rate and accelerometer data from 803 blue-collar workers (447 men and 356 women). Relative aerobic workload was measured as percentage of heart rate reserve during work (%HRR). Leisure time movement behaviours were expressed in terms of leisure time spent in sedentary and active behaviours in uninterrupted bouts (i.e. <10 min, ≥10–30 min and >30 min). Compositional regression and isotemporal substitution models were used to assess the association between the predominance of work time spent at ≥40%HRR and leisure time spent in sedentary and active bouts. All analyses were stratified by sex. Results For men, there was no statistically significant association between the predominance of work time spent at ≥40%HRR and leisure time movement behaviours. Among women, the predominance of ≥40%HRR at work was negatively associated with relative leisure time spent in ≥10 min bouts of active behaviour ( β^ = -0.21, p = 0.02) and a theoretical 15 min reallocation of work time from <40%HRR to ≥40%HRR was estimated to decrease active behaviour by 6 min during leisure time. Conclusion Our result highlights the need for considering work-related barriers for an active leisure time in high-risk populations. Longitudinal studies are warranted to disentangle the relationship between physically demanding work characteristics and leisure time movement behaviours in such populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mette Korshøj
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Huysmans MA, Srinivasan D, Mathiassen SE. Consistency of Sedentary Behavior Patterns among Office Workers with Long-Term Access to Sit-Stand Workstations. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 63:583-591. [PMID: 31008506 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sit-stand workstations are a popular intervention to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in office settings. However, the extent and distribution of SB in office workers long-term accustomed to using sit-stand workstations as a natural part of their work environment are largely unknown. In the present study, we aimed to describe patterns of SB in office workers with long-term access to sit-stand workstations and to determine the extent to which these patterns vary between days and workers. METHODS SB was objectively monitored using thigh-worn accelerometers for a full week in 24 office workers who had been equipped with a sit-stand workstation for at least 10 months. A comprehensive set of variables describing SB was calculated for each workday and worker, and distributions of these variables between days and workers were examined. RESULTS On average, workers spent 68% work time sitting [standard deviation (SD) between workers and between days (within worker): 10.4 and 18.2%]; workers changed from sitting to standing/walking 3.2 times per hour (SDs 0.6 and 1.2 h-1); with bouts of sitting being 14.9 min long (SDs 4.2 and 8.5 min). About one-third of the workers spent >75% of their workday sitting. Between-workers variability was significantly different from zero only for percent work time sitting, while between-days (within-worker) variability was substantial for all SB variables. CONCLUSIONS Office workers accustomed to using sit-stand workstations showed homogeneous patterns of SB when averaged across several days, except for percent work time seated. However, SB differed substantially between days for any individual worker. The finding that many workers were extensively sedentary suggests that just access to sit-stand workstations may not be a sufficient remedy against SB; additional personalized interventions reinforcing use may be needed. To this end, differences in SB between days should be acknowledged as a potentially valuable source of variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike A Huysmans
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Research Center for Insurance Medicine, AMC-UMCG-UWV-VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Divya Srinivasan
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
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Jørgensen MB, Gupta N, Korshøj M, Lagersted-Olsen J, Villumsen M, Mortensen OS, Skotte J, Søgaard K, Madeleine P, Samani A, Ørberg A, Rasmussen CL, Holtermann A. The DPhacto cohort: An overview of technically measured physical activity at work and leisure in blue-collar sectors for practitioners and researchers. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2019; 77:29-39. [PMID: 30832776 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For improved prevention of health issues among blue-collar workers, there is a need for an overview of the physical activity at work and leisure using technical long-term measurements in blue-collar sectors investigation of differences between the sectors. Thus, the objective of this paper was to provide an overview and investigate differences in physical activities and body postures at work and leisure among blue-collar sectors. The Dphacto cohort consists of 1087 workers from manufacturing, transportation and cleaning sectors (901 blue-collar and 186 white-collar workers) in Denmark. Eligible workers provided physical activity and heart rate measurements over several days with follow-up on health-related outcomes by self-report and registers. Considerable differences in sitting, standing, time on feet (walking, shuffling and standing combined) and forward bending of the back were found between work and leisure, and between the sectors. This overview of physical activity at work and leisure can be useful for better prevention of work-related health issues among blue-collar workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Birk Jørgensen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Korshøj
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Villumsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark; Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ole Steen Mortensen
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Denmark; Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Skotte
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pascal Madeleine
- Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Afshin Samani
- Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Anders Ørberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Central Region, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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62
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Dencker-Larsen S, Rasmussen CL, Thorsen SV, Clays E, Lund T, Labriola M, Mortensen OS, Jørgensen MB, Gupta N, Rasmussen CDN, Holtermann A. Technically measured compositional physical work demands and prospective register-based sickness absence (PODESA): a study protocol. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:257. [PMID: 30832631 PMCID: PMC6398236 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various physical work demands are shown to be associated with sickness absence. However, these studies have: (a) predominantly used self-reported data on physical work demands that have been shown to be inaccurate compared with technical measurements, (b) principally focused on various physical work demands in 'isolation', i.e. ignoring their co-dependency - compositional nature -, and (c) mainly used register data on long-term sickness absence. The present article describes the protocol of a study with the objective of investigating the association between technically measured compositional data on physical work demands and prospective long- and short-term register-based data on sickness absence. METHODS 'The technically measured compositional Physical wOrk DEmands and prospective association with register-based Sickness Absence study (PODESA)' comprises data from two Danish cohorts (NOMAD and DPhacto) primarily on blue-collar workers. In the PODESA cohort, data on 1108 workers were collected at baseline (between 2011 and 2014). The cohort data comprise, e.g., self-reported information on descriptives, lifestyle, workday, and health, as well as accelerometer-based measurements of physical work demands (physical activity, movements, and postures). These baseline measurements are linked with prospective register-based data on sickness absence for up to four years after baseline. The prospective association between physical work demands and sickness absence will be analysed using a Compositional Data Analysis approach. DISCUSSION PODESA provides a unique possibility of unravelling which combinations of physical work demands are associated with prospective sickness absence. PODESA employs technically measured information on physical work demands (taking into account the compositionality of physical work demand data) and prospective sickness absence data. The findings from PODESA can be used to develop strengthened preventive interventions for sickness absence. Results are expected in 2019-2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Dencker-Larsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sannie Vester Thorsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 4K3 (ingang 42), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B–9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Lund
- Center for Social Medicine, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Merete Labriola
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Steen Mortensen
- Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Smedelundsgade 60, 4300 Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Marie Birk Jørgensen
- Department of Forensic Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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63
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Hallman DM, Krause N, Jensen MT, Gupta N, Birk Jørgensen M, Holtermann A. Objectively Measured Sitting and Standing in Workers: Cross-Sectional Relationship with Autonomic Cardiac Modulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E650. [PMID: 30813282 PMCID: PMC6406480 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive sitting and standing are proposed risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), possibly due to autonomic imbalance. This study examines the association of objectively measured sitting and standing with nocturnal autonomic cardiac modulation. The cross-sectional study examined 490 blue-collar workers in three Danish occupational sectors. Sitting and standing during work and leisure were assessed during 1⁻5 days using accelerometers. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were obtained during nocturnal sleep as markers of resting autonomic modulation. The associations of sitting and standing still (h/day) with HR and HRV were assessed with linear regression models, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, and physical activity. More sitting time during leisure was associated with elevated HR (p = 0.02), and showed a trend towards reduced HRV. More standing time at work was associated with lower HR (p = 0.02), and with increased parasympathetic indices of HRV (root mean squared successive differences of R-R intervals p = 0.05; high-frequency power p = 0.07). These findings, while cross-sectional and restricted to blue-collar workers, suggest that sitting at leisure is detrimental to autonomic cardiac modulation, but standing at work is beneficial. However, the small effect size is likely insufficient to mitigate the previously shown detrimental effects of prolonged standing on CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle 80637, Sweden.
| | - Niklas Krause
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Magnus Thorsten Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
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64
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Locks F, Gupta N, Madeleine P, Birk Jørgensen M, Oliveira AB, Holtermann A. Are accelerometer measures of temporal patterns of static standing associated with lower extremity pain among blue-collar workers? Gait Posture 2019; 67:166-171. [PMID: 30342230 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain in the lower extremities is common among blue-collar workers, with prolonged static standing as a potential risk factor. However, little is known about the association between diurnal accelerometer measures of static standing and pain in the lower extremities, and the potential importance of temporal patterns of static standing for this association. RESEARCH QUESTION We aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between accelerometer measures of total static standing time and temporal patterns (bout duration) of static standing (short: 0-5 min; moderate: >5-10 min; and long bouts: >10 min) during total day, work and leisure and pain intensity (on a 0-10 scale) in hips, knees and feet/ankles. METHODS Accelerometers were used to measure static standing during four consecutive days among 677 blue-collar workers. Linear regression analyses were used to investigate the association between static standing time and pain intensity in the lower extremities. RESULTS Total static standing time comprised, on average, 3.9 h per day. 72.6% of the workers were exposed to long bouts of static standing, averaging 0.1 h per day. Short bouts of static standing were positively associated with hip and knee pain during total day, and positively associated with knee pain during work. Also, total static standing time during leisure was positively associated with knee and hip pain. A negative, but not significant, association was found for static standing in moderate bouts at work and hip pain. SIGNIFICANCE Even though the associations found were weak, these findings suggest that the temporal pattern of static standing is of importance for pain in the lower extremities. Future research should examine the possibility that moderate bouts of standing could play a role in preventing lower extremity pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Locks
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pernambuco, BR 203 Road, km 2, s/n, 56328-900, Petrolina, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology (LACO), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Road, km 235, SP310, 13565-905 São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Pascal Madeleine
- The Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, Building: D3-201, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Marie Birk Jørgensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ana Beatriz Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology (LACO), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Road, km 235, SP310, 13565-905 São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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65
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Fanchamps MHJ, de Kam D, Sneekes EM, Stam HJ, Weerdesteyn V, Bussmann JBJ. Effect of different operationalizations of sedentary behavior in people with chronic stroke. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 42:999-1005. [PMID: 30475079 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1512164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Sedentary behavior is common in people with stroke and has devastating impact on their health. Quantifying it is important to provide people with stroke with adequate physical behavior recommendations. Sedentary behavior can be quantified in terms of posture (sitting) or intensity (low energy expenditure). We compared the effect of different operationalizations of sedentary behavior on sedentary behavior outcomes (total time; way of accumulation) in people with stroke.Methods: Sedentary behavior was analyzed in 44 people with chronic stroke with an activity monitor that measured both body postures and movement intensity. It was operationalized as: (1) combining postural and intensity data; (2) using only postural data; (3) using only intensity data. For each operationalization, we quantified a set of outcomes. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bland-Altman plots were used to compare the operationalizations.Results: All sedentary behavior outcomes differed significantly between all operationalizations (p < 0.01). Bland-Altman plots showed large limits of agreement for all outcomes, showing large individual differences between operationalizations.Conclusions: Although it was neither possible nor our aim to investigate the validity of the two-component definition of sedentary behavior, our study shows that the type of operationalization of sedentary behavior significantly influences sedentary behavior outcomes in people with stroke.Implications for RehabilitationReliable assessment of sedentary behavior after stroke is important in order to provide adequate physical behavior recommendations for people with stroke.Sedentary behavior can be operationalized in terms of body posture (sitting time) or in terms of movement intensity (time <1.5 MET) or as a combination of both criteria; this study reveals that the type of operationalization affects the different outcome measures used to quantify sedentary behavior.Comparing sedentary behavior outcomes requires caution and should only be done when sedentary behavior is operationalized in the same way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malou H J Fanchamps
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Rijndam Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Digna de Kam
- Department of Rehabilitation, Radboud University Medical Center Donders Center for Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel M Sneekes
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Stam
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian Weerdesteyn
- Department of Rehabilitation, Radboud University Medical Center Donders Center for Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Sint Maartenskliniek Research, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes B J Bussmann
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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66
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Rasmussen CL, Nabe-Nielsen K, Jørgensen MB, Holtermann A. The association between occupational standing and sedentary leisure time over consecutive workdays among blue-collar workers in manual jobs. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018; 92:481-490. [PMID: 30426207 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Blue-collar workers spend much leisure time sedentary, which is associated with numerous health impairments. The extensive sedentary leisure time among blue-collar workers could be caused by fatigue from physically demanding work, like stationary standing. Occupational stationary standing is prevalent in many blue-collar jobs and has been shown to induce fatigue. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between occupational standing and sedentary leisure time over several workdays among blue-collar workers. METHODS This study used data from 925 workers from Danish workplaces within cleaning, transportation, manufacturing, construction, road maintenance, garbage disposal, and health service. Eligible workers wore accelerometers for 2-5 consecutive workdays. A linear regression was used to investigate the association between percent of work time spent standing and leisure time spent sedentary. A multilevel growth model was used to assess the association between standing during work and sedentary leisure time over consecutive workdays. RESULTS We found no association between percent of work hours spent standing and percent of leisure time spent sedentary (coef. = 0.01, p = 0.84). The results showed an increase in the workers' sedentary leisure time over a week (coef. = 0.70, p < 0.01). However, this increase was not associated with consecutive workdays exposed to occupational standing (coef. = 0.02, p = 0.42). CONCLUSION In this study, we found no support of a positive association between occupational standing and sedentary leisure time. This lack of association could be attributable to a low variation in sedentary leisure time or the chosen definition and measurement of occupational standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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67
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Locks F, Gupta N, Hallman D, Birk Jørgensen M, Oliveira AB, Holtermann A. Association between objectively measured static standing and low back pain - a cross-sectional study among blue-collar workers. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:1196-1207. [PMID: 29560812 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1455900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the cross-sectional association between objectively measured total time and temporal patterns of static standing (short bouts: 0-5 min; moderate bouts: >5-10 min; and long bouts: >10 min) during work and leisure and low back pain (LBP) among 698 blue-collar workers. Workers reported LBP on a 0-10 scale. The association between time spent on static standing and LBP was tested with linear regression. A positive association with LBP intensity was found for long bouts of static standing (β = 0.27) during total day (work + leisure), and total static standing time at leisure (β = 0.12). No significant associations were found for static standing during work and LBP intensity. These findings indicate that particularly long bouts of static standing over the entire day contribute to LBP in blue-collar workers. Practitioner Summary: The association between LBP and static standing time was investigated. This study indicates that prolonged time standing during total day and standing during leisure are positively associated with LBP among blue-collar workers. Therefore, practitioners should consider long periods of standing as a potential risk factor for LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Locks
- a Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology (LACO), Department of Physical Therapy , Federal University of São Carlos , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- b National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - David Hallman
- c Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research , University of Gävle , Gävle , Sweden
| | | | - Ana Beatriz Oliveira
- a Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology (LACO), Department of Physical Therapy , Federal University of São Carlos , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- b National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark
- d Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
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68
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Rasmussen CDN, Hendriksen PR, Svendsen MJ, Ekner D, Hansen K, Sørensen OH, Svendsen SW, van der Beek AJ, Holtermann A. Improving work for the body - a participatory ergonomic intervention aiming at reducing physical exertion and musculoskeletal pain among childcare workers (the TOY-project): study protocol for a wait-list cluster-randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:411. [PMID: 30064464 PMCID: PMC6069746 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is persistently high throughout the world. Work-related factors such as high physical workload (lifting, bending and twisting of the back) are considered to be among the main causes of MSP. Work in childcare includes the need to lift, carry, and support children in a range of activities, requiring several demanding postures and movements, such as bending forward and twisting of the back and sitting on the floor. Participatory ergonomics may represent a solution for decreasing the physical workload to reduce MSP. We present the protocol of a study aiming to evaluate the effect and process of a participatory ergonomics intervention designed to reduce physical exertion during work and MSP (including MSP interfering with work) among childcare workers. Methods/design This study will use a two-arm cluster-randomized design employing a wait-list control, with childcare institutions forming the clusters. Three workshops will be conducted during the 4-month intervention period. Participants will identify risk factors for strenuous work and MSP, develop solutions for reducing the identified risk factors, and implement them in their team. An ergonomic consultant will guide the process. The data collection will consist of questionnaires and objective measures of heart rate and physical activity, observations of physical workload, and information on sickness absence based on company records. Primary outcomes are physical exertion during work and MSP (including pain-related work interference) measured at 4 months. Secondary outcomes measured at 4 months are sickness absence due to MSP; objectively measured occupational physical activity and heart rate; and self-reported self-efficacy, employee involvement, and need for recovery. Alongside the trial, a process evaluation and an economic evaluation will be conducted. Discussion The study will evaluate the effect and process of a participatory ergonomics intervention to reduce physical exertion at work and MSP among childcare workers. By performing a cluster-randomized controlled trial with an effect evaluation based on both objective and self-reported measures with the addition of a process evaluation and economic evaluation, this study will contribute to the evidence for prevention of MSP among a less studied occupational group. Results are expected in 2018–2019. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN10928313. Registered on 11 January 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2788-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Rasmus Hendriksen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene Jagd Svendsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Ekner
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Hansen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Henning Sørensen
- Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A. C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Wulff Svendsen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Regional Hospital West Jutland-University Research Clinic, Herning, Denmark
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
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69
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Rasmussen CL, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Bauman A, Gupta N, Nabe-Nielsen K, Jørgensen MB, Holtermann A. Does Physically Demanding Work Hinder a Physically Active Lifestyle in Low Socioeconomic Workers? A Compositional Data Analysis Based on Accelerometer Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071306. [PMID: 29933644 PMCID: PMC6068990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is strongly associated with socioeconomic position (SEP). Few studies have investigated if demanding occupational physical activity (OPA) could impede a physically active lifestyle in low SEP groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between OPA and LTPA among low SEP men and women. We used cross-sectional data from 895 low SEP workers who wore accelerometers for 1–5 consecutive workdays. The associations between the relative importance of activities performed during work and leisure time were assessed using compositional regression models stratified on sex. Compositional isotemporal substitution models were used to assess the implication of increasing occupational walking, standing, or sitting on LTPA. We found dissimilarity in LTPA between the sexes, with men spending more waking leisure time sedentary than women (men ~67%, women ~61%), suggesting women performed more household tasks. In men, the associations between OPA and LTPA were weak. In women, the strongest association was observed between the relative importance of occupational walking and leisure time standing (β^ = −0.16; p = 0.01), where reallocating 15 min work time to occupational walking showed an expected decrease in leisure time standing of 7 min. If this time was spent on additional sedentary leisure time, it could have adverse health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Marie Birk Jørgensen
- Department of Forensic Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
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70
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Danquah IH, Pedersen ESL, Petersen CB, Aadahl M, Holtermann A, Tolstrup JS. Estimated impact of replacing sitting with standing at work on indicators of body composition: Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings using isotemporal substitution analysis on data from the Take a Stand! study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198000. [PMID: 29897943 PMCID: PMC5999077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to examine and compare the effects of replacing time spent sitting with standing at work on fat-free mass, fat mass and waist circumference using isotemporal substitution. Analyses were conducted on work hours on both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. The study included 223 persons from an intervention study aimed at reducing sitting time at work among office employees. Sitting, standing and anthropometry were measured objectively. Cross-sectional isotemporal substitution analyses were modelled on baseline data, while longitudinal analyses were modelled based on differences in sitting and standing time at work between baseline and 1-month follow-up in relation to differences in anthropometric measures between baseline and 3-months follow-up. Replacing one hour of sitting time with one hour of standing was associated with a 0.21 kg higher fat-free mass in the longitudinal analysis and 0.95 kg in the cross-sectional analysis. Fat mass was 0.32 kg lower in the longitudinal analysis and 0.61 kg lower in the cross-sectional analysis. Waist circumference decreased by 0.38 cm in the longitudinal analysis and 0.81 cm in the cross-sectional analysis. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses showed an effect on body composition measures by replacing one hour of sitting with standing however, this effect was largest in the cross-sectional analyses. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01996176.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Høgstedt Danquah
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mette Aadahl
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Dept. of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Janne S. Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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71
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Hallman DM, Mathiassen SE, Jahncke H. Sitting patterns after relocation to activity-based offices: A controlled study of a natural intervention. Prev Med 2018; 111:384-390. [PMID: 29199119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the effect of relocating workers from traditional to activity-based offices on objectively measured sitting patterns. Office workers (n=493) from five office-sites within a large Swedish government agency were included in a controlled study of a natural intervention (2015-2017). At four sites, traditional offices were replaced by activity-based offices, while workers at one site with no relocation acted as controls. Sitting, standing and walking were measured objectively for 5-8days in a sub-sample (n=110) using accelerometry (Actigraph). Total sitting time (% of working time) and time spent in short (<5min), moderate (5-30min) and prolonged (>30min) uninterrupted periods in sitting were determined. Intervention effects were determined at 3- and 12-month follow-ups using linear mixed models adjusted for baseline age, gender and office type, and stratified by office-site (referencing controls). The relocation to activity-based offices did not result in an overall effect (across sites) on occupational sitting time (all p>0.05), while walking time had increased significantly by 1.4% of the working time at 12months compared with controls. Heterogeneous results were found across offices after 12months on total sitting time compared with controls (estimated change -18.3% time-1.4% time), prolonged sitting (change -18.3% to -3.8%), walking (change 0.5%-3.5%) and standing (change -1.4%-13.9%). In conclusion, relocation to activity-based offices had a limited overall effect on occupational sitting patterns in the studied organization, but differed considerably between office sites. Site-specific determinants of sitting behavior in activity-based offices need be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Helena Jahncke
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
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72
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Karstad K, Rugulies R, Skotte J, Munch PK, Greiner BA, Burdorf A, Søgaard K, Holtermann A. Inter-rater reliability of direct observations of the physical and psychosocial working conditions in eldercare: An evaluation in the DOSES project. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2018; 69:93-103. [PMID: 29477334 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate the reliability of the "Danish observational study of eldercare work and musculoskeletal disorders" (DOSES) observation instrument to assess physical and psychosocial risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in eldercare work. During 1.5 years, sixteen raters conducted 117 inter-rater observations from 11 nursing homes. Reliability was evaluated using percent agreement and Gwet's AC1 coefficient. Of the 18 examined items, inter-rater reliability was excellent for 7 items (AC1>0.75) fair to good for 7 items (AC1 0.40-0.75) and poor for 2 items (AC1 0-0.40). For 2 items there was no agreement between the raters (AC1 <0). The reliability did not differ between the first and second half of the data collection period and the inter-rater observations were representative regarding occurrence of events in eldercare work. The instrument is appropriate for assessing physical and psychosocial risk factors for MSD among eldercare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Karstad
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Skotte
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Pernille Kold Munch
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Birgit A Greiner
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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73
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Danquah IH, Kloster S, Holtermann A, Aadahl M, Bauman A, Ersbøll AK, Tolstrup JS. Take a Stand!-a multi-component intervention aimed at reducing sitting time among office workers-a cluster randomized trial. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:128-140. [PMID: 27094749 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged sitting time has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Interventions at work may contribute to reduced sitting. The objective was to test if a multicomponent work-based intervention can reduce sitting time and the number of prolonged sitting periods (> 30 min), increase the number of sit-to-stand transitions and decrease waist circumference and body fat percentage among office workers. Primary outcomes were: change in sitting time, prolonged sitting periods and sit-to-stand transitions at follow-up 1 month later. Methods At four workplaces, 19 offices (317 workers in total) were cluster randomized for intervention or control. The intervention included the appointment of local ambassadors, management support, environmental changes, a lecture and a workshop. Sitting time was measured using an ActiGraph GT3X+ fixed on the thigh. Data were processed using Acti4 software providing data on time spent sitting, standing and doing other activities. Control participants were instructed to behave as usual. Follow-up measurements were obtained after 1 and 3 months. Results At 1 and 3 months, total sitting time was 71 ( P < 0.001) and 48 min ( P < 0.001) lower per 8-h workday in the intervention group compared with the control group. At 1 month, the number of prolonged sitting periods was lower (-0.79/8-h workday, P < 0.001) and sit-to-stand transitions were higher (+14%/sitting hour, P = 0.001) in the intervention compared with the control group. After 3 months, trends persisted. The body fat percentage was lower by 0.61 percentage points ( P = 0.011) in the intervention group compared with the control group after 3 months. Conclusions The multicomponent workplace-based intervention was effective in reducing sitting time, prolonged sitting periods and body fat percentage, and in increasing the number of sit-to-stand transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Danquah
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Kloster
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Aadahl
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark and
| | - A Bauman
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A K Ersbøll
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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74
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Correlation between the Oswestry Disability Index and objective measurements of walking capacity and performance in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic literature review. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2018; 27:1604-1613. [PMID: 29508075 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-018-5520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) plays a significant role in lumbar spinal stenosis research and is used to assess patient's walking limitations. The World Health Organisation describes the constructs of walking capacity and performance and recommend measuring both to fully describe patient's walking ability. Objective methods to assess walking capacity and performance is being investigated and used alongside the traditional use of PROs. This review of the literature was made to provide an overview of relations between the ODI and outcome measures of walking capacity and performance in spinal stenosis research, and to provide a strategy for improving such measures in future research. METHODS The review was conducted according to the Prisma Statement. In February 2017, a search was performed in Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane database. Authors independently screened articles by title, abstract, and full text, and studies were included if both authors agreed. Articles with correlation analysis between the ODI, walking capacity and performance measures by accelerometer or GPS were included. RESULTS The results support a correlation between the ODI and walking capacity measures. The available studies using ODI and accelerometers were too few to reach a conclusion regarding correlation between ODI and walking performance. No articles with GPS measure were identified. CONCLUSIONS The ODI should not stand alone when evaluating walking limitations in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. To enable a comprehensive assessment of walking ability, a walking test should be used to assess walking capacity and accelerometers should be investigated and standardized in measuring walking performance. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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75
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Lund Rasmussen C, Nielsen L, Linander Henriksen M, Søgaard K, Krustrup P, Holtermann A, Korshøj M. Acute effect on ambulatory blood pressure from aerobic exercise: a randomised cross-over study among female cleaners. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 118:331-338. [PMID: 29209783 PMCID: PMC5767212 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose High occupational physical activity (OPA) is shown to increase the risk for elevated blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Conversely, aerobic exercise acutely lowers the blood pressure up to 25 h post exercise. However, it is unknown if this beneficial effect also apply for workers exposed to high levels of OPA. Cleaners constitute a relevant occupational group for this investigation because of a high prevalence of OPA and cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, the objective was to investigate the acute effects on ambulatory blood pressure from a single aerobic exercise session among female cleaners. Methods Twenty-two female cleaners were randomised to a cross-over study with a reference and an aerobic exercise session. Differences in 24-h, work hours, leisure time, and sleep ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) were evaluated using repeated measure 2 × 2 mixed-models. Results After the aerobic exercise session, the 24-h systolic ambulatory blood pressure was significantly lowered by 2.4 mmHg (p < 0.01) compared to the reference session. The 24-h diastolic ABP was unaltered. During work hours, a lowered systolic ABP of 2.2 mmHg (p = 0.02) and a higher diastolic ABP of 1.5 mmHg (p = 0.03) were found after the aerobic exercise session. During leisure time, the systolic ABP was lowered by 1.7 mmHg (p = 0.04) and the diastolic ABP was unaltered. During sleep, the systolic and diastolic ABP was unaltered. Conclusion A single aerobic exercise session lowered 24-h systolic ABP of 2.4 mmHg. Thus, an aerobic exercise session seems to be beneficial for lowering the risk of hypertension among cleaners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Karen Søgaard
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Odense, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Korshøj
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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76
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Different autonomic responses to occupational and leisure time physical activities among blue-collar workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 91:293-304. [PMID: 29177943 PMCID: PMC5845059 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The differential effect of occupational and leisure time physical activity on cardiovascular health is termed the physical activity health paradox. Cardiac autonomic modulation could bring insights about the underlying mechanism behind this differential effect. The aim was to compare heart rate variability (HRV) during different activities (sitting, standing and moving) at work and leisure among blue-collar workers. Methods One hundred thirty-eight workers from the NOMAD cohort were included. Data from physical activity and HRV were obtained for 3–4 days using tri-axial accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X+) and a heart rate monitor (Actiheart). HRV indices were determined during sitting, standing and moving both at work and leisure. Linear mixed-models with two fixed factors (activities and domains) were applied to investigate differences in HRV indices adjusting for individual and occupational factors. Results The results showed significant effects of domain (p < 0.01), physical activity type (p < 0.01) and interaction between domain and activity type (p < 0.01) on HRV indices. Mean heart rate (IBI) and parasympathetic measures of HRV (RMSSD and HF) were lower for sitting (p < 0.01) and higher for moving (p < 0.01) during work compared with leisure, while no difference between domains was found for standing (p > 0.05). Sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) was higher during work for sitting and moving (p < 0.01), but showed no difference for standing (p = 0.62). Conclusions Differences in cardiac autonomic modulation between work and leisure were found, indicating sympathetic predominance during work and parasympathetic predominance during leisure for sitting. Autonomic responses can be part of the mechanism that explains the differential effect of occupational and leisure time physical activity on health.
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77
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Hallman DM, Birk Jørgensen M, Holtermann A. On the health paradox of occupational and leisure-time physical activity using objective measurements: Effects on autonomic imbalance. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177042. [PMID: 28472190 PMCID: PMC5417644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) has considerable benefits for cardiovascular health and longevity, while occupational physical activity (OPA) is associated with an elevated cardiovascular risk. This "health paradox" may be explained by different effects on the autonomic nervous system from OPA and LTPA. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether objectively measured OPA and LTPA are differentially associated with autonomic regulation among workers. METHODS The study comprised 514 blue-collar workers from the Danish cohort DPHACTO. Physical activity (i.e. walking, climbing stairs, running and cycling) was assessed objectively using accelerometers worn on the thigh, hip and trunk over multiple working days. During this period, a heart rate monitor was used to sample heart period intervals from the ECG signal. Heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) indices were analyzed during nocturnal sleep as markers of autonomic regulation. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the main effects of OPA and LTPA and their interaction on heart rate and HRV, adjusting for multiple confounders. RESULTS Statistically significant interaction was found between OPA and LTPA on heart rate (adjusted p<0.0001) and HRV indices in time (rMSSD, adjusted p = 0.004) and frequency-domains (HF, adjusted p = 0.022; LF, adjusted p = 0.033). The beneficial effect of LTPA on nocturnal heart rate and HRV clearly diminished with higher levels of OPA, and high levels of both OPA and LTPA had a detrimental effect. CONCLUSION We found contrasting associations for objectively measured OPA and LTPA with heart rate and HRV during sleep. Differential effects of OPA and LTPA on autonomic regulation may contribute to the physical activity health paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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78
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Hallman DM, Birk Jørgensen M, Holtermann A. Objectively measured physical activity and 12-month trajectories of neck–shoulder pain in workers: A prospective study in DPHACTO. Scand J Public Health 2017; 45:288-298. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494816688376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the association between objectively measured physical activity at work and leisure and the intensity (mean level and time course) of neck–shoulder pain (NSP) over 12 months among male and female blue collar workers. Methods: Data were obtained from 625 blue collar workers from the Danish cohort DPHACTO. Physical activity was measured objectively at baseline using accelerometers. The percentage of time spent in physical activity (walking, climbing stairs, running and cycling) was calculated for both work and leisure time. Longitudinal data on the intensity of NSP (numerical rating scale 0–10) were collected using text messages every fourth week over 12 months. Linear mixed models were used to investigate the associations between occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and the trajectories of the intensity of NSP, adjusted for individual, biomechanical and psychosocial factors, and baseline pain. Results: OPA was not associated with the mean intensity of NSP over 12 months. LTPA was negatively associated with the mean intensity of NSP both among men ( B=−0.71, 95% CI −1.31 to −0.11) and women ( B=−0.85, 95% CI −1.57 to −0.13). Sex interactions on the 12-month trajectories of NSP showed that higher physical activity was associated with a slower reduction in NSP among men for OPA only ( B=0.03, 95% CI 0.01-0.05) and women for LTPA only ( B=0.05, 95% CI 0.00-0.09). Conclusions: We found that more time in LTPA was associated with a lower overall intensity of NSP over 12 months among blue collar workers. However, depending on sex and domain, high physical activity had an unfavourable effect on the course of NSP over 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark
- University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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79
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Effect of an aerobic exercise intervention on cardiac autonomic regulation: A worksite RCT among cleaners. Physiol Behav 2017; 169:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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80
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Munch Nielsen C, Gupta N, Knudsen LE, Holtermann A. Association of objectively measured occupational walking and standing still with low back pain: a cross-sectional study. ERGONOMICS 2017; 60:118-126. [PMID: 26968200 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1164901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study investigated the association of objectively measured walking and standing still time at work with low back pain (LBP) intensity among blue-collar workers. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS 187 workers attached two accelerometers for diurnal standing still and walking measurements, which were categorised using tertiles. Workers' self-reported LBP intensity (scale 0-9) was categorised into low (0-5) and high pain (6-9). RESULTS Of the 187 workers, 17% reported a high level of LBP. Results of the multi-adjusted logistic regression analysis demonstrated a negative association between walking and high LBP intensity (OR 0.24 CL 95% 0.07 to 0.79). The results between standing still and high LBP intensity were mixed and non-significant. CONCLUSION Blue-collar workers who walk more at work tend to have low LBP. These results should be verified using objective measures in a prospective design. Practitioner Summary: Most studies on the association of occupational walking and standing still with LBP have used poor self-reported measures. This study investigated the association of objectively measured time spent walking and standing still at work with LBP among blue-collar workers. A significant negative association between walking and LBP was found. However, because of the cross-sectional design, these results should be further investigated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Munch Nielsen
- a Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload , National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- a Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload , National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Lisbeth E Knudsen
- b Department of Public Health , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen K , Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- a Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload , National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
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81
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Villumsen M, Madeleine P, Jørgensen MB, Holtermann A, Samani A. The variability of the trunk forward bending in standing activities during work vs. leisure time. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 58:273-280. [PMID: 27633222 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High level of occupational physical activity (PA), contrary to leisure time activities, is generally associated with detrimental health outcomes. We hypothesized that this contrast may be associated with a different pattern of exposure variability in PA, e.g., forward bending of the trunk. The study was conducted on 657 blue-collar workers. Two accelerometers were used to identify the body posture and forward bending of the trunk during work and leisure time. The pattern of forward bending was analyzed using exposure variation analysis (EVA). The recordings comprised of 2.6 ± 0.97 working days in average, with 19.9 ± 8.1 h work and 22.9 ± 8.9 h leisure. The standard deviation and entropy of the EVA profile indicated 11% and 6% (for about 80% of subjects) less variable pattern during work compared with the leisure time, respectively. These new findings contribute to the understanding the paradoxical outcomes of PA during work and leisure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Villumsen
- Physical Activity and Human Performance - SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark; The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 2, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pascal Madeleine
- Physical Activity and Human Performance - SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marie Birk Jørgensen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Physical Activity and Health in Work Life, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Afshin Samani
- Physical Activity and Human Performance - SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
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82
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Riel H, Rathleff CR, Kalstrup PM, Madsen NK, Pedersen ES, Pape-Haugaard LB, Villumsen M. Comparison between Mother, ActiGraph wGT3X-BT, and a hand tally for measuring steps at various walking speeds under controlled conditions. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2799. [PMID: 28028469 PMCID: PMC5183161 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Walking is endorsed as health enhancing and is the most common type of physical activity among older adults. Accelerometers are superior to self-reports when measuring steps, however, if they are to be used by clinicians the validity is of great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the criterion validity of Mother and ActiGraph wGT3X-BT in measuring steps by comparing the devices to a hand tally under controlled conditions in healthy participants. Methods Thirty healthy participants were fitted with a belt containing the sensor of Mother (Motion Cookie) and ActiGraph. Participants walked on a treadmill for two minutes at each of the following speeds; 3.2, 4.8, and 6.4 km/h. The treadmill walking was video recorded and actual steps were subsequently determined by using a hand tally. Wilcoxon’s signed ranks test was used to determine whether Mother and ActiGraph measured an identical number of steps compared to the hand tally. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship and Root Mean Square error was calculated to investigate the average error between the devices and the hand tally. Percent differences (PD) were calculated for between-instrument agreement (Mother vs. the hand tally and ActiGraph vs. the hand tally) and PDs below 3% were interpreted as acceptable and clinically irrelevant. Results Mother and ActiGraph under-counted steps significantly compared to the hand tally at all walking speeds (p < 0.001). Mother had a median of total differences of 9.5 steps (IQR = 10) and ActiGraph 59 steps (IQR = 77). Mother had smaller PDs at all speeds especially at 3.2 km/h (2.5% compared to 26.7%). Mother showed excellent ICC values ≥0.88 (0.51–0.96) at all speeds whilst ActiGraph had poor and fair to good ICC values ranging from 0.03 (−0.09–0.21) at a speed of 3.2 km/h to 0.64 (0.16–0.84) at a speed of 6.4 km/h. Conclusion Mother provides valid measures of steps at walking speeds of 3.2, 4.8, and 6.4 km/h with clinically irrelevant deviations compared to a hand tally while ActiGraph only provides valid measurements at 6.4 km/h based on the 3% criterion. These results have significant potential for valid objective measurements of low walking speeds. However, further research should investigate the validity of Mother in patients at even slower walking speeds and in free-living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Riel
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Niels Kragh Madsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
| | | | | | - Morten Villumsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
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Pedersen ESL, Danquah IH, Petersen CB, Tolstrup JS. Intra-individual variability in day-to-day and month-to-month measurements of physical activity and sedentary behaviour at work and in leisure-time among Danish adults. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1222. [PMID: 27914468 PMCID: PMC5135790 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accelerometers can obtain precise measurements of movements during the day. However, the individual activity pattern varies from day-to-day and there is limited evidence on measurement days needed to obtain sufficient reliability. The aim of this study was to examine variability in accelerometer derived data on sedentary behaviour and physical activity at work and in leisure-time during week days among Danish office employees. Methods We included control participants (n = 135) from the Take a Stand! Intervention; a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 19 offices. Sitting time and physical activity were measured using an ActiGraph GT3X+ fixed on the thigh and data were processed using Acti4 software. Variability was examined for sitting time, standing time, steps and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day by multilevel mixed linear regression modelling. Results Results of this study showed that the number of days needed to obtain a reliability of 80% when measuring sitting time was 4.7 days for work and 5.5 days for leisure time. For physical activity at work, 4.0 days and 4.2 days were required to measure steps and MVPA, respectively. During leisure time, more monitoring time was needed to reliably estimate physical activity (6.8 days for steps and 5.8 days for MVPA). Conclusions The number of measurement days needed to reliably estimate activity patterns was greater for leisure time than for work time. The domain specific variability is of great importance to researchers and health promotion workers planning to use objective measures of sedentary behaviour and physical activity. Trial registration Clinical trials NCT01996176.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S L Pedersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 2. Floor, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I H Danquah
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 2. Floor, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C B Petersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 2. Floor, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 2. Floor, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Hallman DM, Gupta N, Heiden M, Mathiassen SE, Korshøj M, Jørgensen MB, Holtermann A. Is prolonged sitting at work associated with the time course of neck-shoulder pain? A prospective study in Danish blue-collar workers. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012689. [PMID: 28186937 PMCID: PMC5128958 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the extent to which objectively measured sitting time at work is associated with the course of neck-shoulder pain across 1 year in blue-collar workers. METHODS Data were analysed from 625 blue-collar workers in the Danish PHysical ACTivity cohort with Objective measurements (DPHACTO) cohort study (2012-2013). Objective data on sitting time were collected at baseline using accelerometry. Self-reported pain intensity (numeric rating scale 0-10) in the neck-shoulder region was registered for 1 year using repeated text messages (14 in total). Linear mixed models were used to determine the relationship between per cent time in sitting at work and trajectories of neck-shoulder pain, with and without adjustment for demographic, occupational and lifestyle factors, and baseline pain intensity. RESULTS More sitting time at work was associated with a faster decline in pain intensity over 12 months, as indicated by a statistically significant effect of sitting on pain trajectories in the crude (p=0.020) and fully adjusted models (p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS In blue-collar workers, more sitting time at work was associated with a favourable development of pain intensity over time. The relationship between sitting at work and pain needs further investigation before explicit recommendations and guidelines on sedentary behaviour among blue-collar workers can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hallman
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marina Heiden
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Mette Korshøj
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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85
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Koch M, Lunde LK, Gjulem T, Knardahl S, Veiersted KB. Validity of Questionnaire and Representativeness of Objective Methods for Measurements of Mechanical Exposures in Construction and Health Care Work. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162881. [PMID: 27649499 PMCID: PMC5029916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the criterion validity of a questionnaire on physical exposures compared to objective measurements at construction and health care sites and to examine exposure variation over several working days. Methods Five hundred ninety-four construction and health care workers answered a baseline questionnaire. The daily activities (standing, moving, sitting, number of steps), postures (inclination of the arm and the trunk), and relative heart rate of 125 participants were recorded continuously over 3–4 working days. At the end of the first measurement day, the participants answered a second questionnaire (workday questionnaire). Results All objective activity measurements had significant correlations to their respective questions. Among health care workers, there were no correlations between postures and relative heart rate and the baseline questionnaire. The questionnaires overestimated the exposure durations. The highest explained variance in the adjusted models with self-reported variables were found for objectively measured sitting (R2 = 0.559) and arm inclination > 60° (R2 = 0.420). Objective measurements over several days showed a higher reliability compared to single day measurements. Conclusions Questionnaires cannot provide an accurate description of mechanical exposures. Objective measurements over several days are recommended in occupations with varying tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Koch
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Lars-Kristian Lunde
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje Gjulem
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Knardahl
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaj Bo Veiersted
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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86
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Hallman DM, Mathiassen SE, Heiden M, Gupta N, Jørgensen MB, Holtermann A. Temporal patterns of sitting at work are associated with neck-shoulder pain in blue-collar workers: a cross-sectional analysis of accelerometer data in the DPHACTO study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89:823-33. [PMID: 26935311 PMCID: PMC4871928 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-016-1123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Our aim was to examine the extent to which temporal patterns of sitting during occupational work and during leisure-time, assessed using accelerometry, are associated with intense neck–shoulder pain (NSP) in blue-collar workers. Methods The population consisted of 659 Danish blue-collar workers. Accelerometers were attached to the thigh, hip, trunk and upper dominant arm to measure sitting time and physical activity across four consecutive days. Temporal sitting patterns were expressed separately for work and leisure by the proportion of total time spent sitting in brief bursts (0–5 min), moderate (>5–20 min) and prolonged (>20 min) periods. The peak NSP intensity during the previous 3 months was assessed using a numerical rating scale (range 0–10) and dichotomized into a lower (≤4) and higher (>4) NSP score. Logistic regression analyses with multiple adjustments for individual and occupational factors were performed to determine the association between brief, moderate and prolonged sitting periods, and NSP intensity. Results Time in brief bursts of occupational sitting was negatively associated with NSP intensity (adjusted OR 0.68, 95 % CI 0.48–0.98), while time in moderate periods of occupational sitting showed a positive association with NSP (adjusted OR 1.32, 95 % CI 1.04–1.69). Time in prolonged periods of occupational sitting was not associated with NSP (adjusted OR 0.78, 95 % CI 0.78–1.09). We found no significant association between brief, moderate or prolonged sitting periods during leisure, and NSP. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the association between occupational sitting time and intense NSP among blue-collar workers is sensitive to the temporal pattern of sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hallman
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, 801 76, Gävle, Sweden.
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, 801 76, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Marina Heiden
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, 801 76, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Prolonged Sitting is Associated with Attenuated Heart Rate Variability during Sleep in Blue-Collar Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:14811-27. [PMID: 26610534 PMCID: PMC4661681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121114811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged sitting is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and mortality. However, research into the physiological determinants underlying this relationship is still in its infancy. The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which occupational and leisure-time sitting are associated with nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) in blue-collar workers. The study included 138 blue-collar workers (mean age 45.5 (SD 9.4) years). Sitting-time was measured objectively for four days using tri-axial accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X+) worn on the thigh and trunk. During the same period, a heart rate monitor (Actiheart) was used to sample R-R intervals from the electrocardiogram. Time and frequency domain indices of HRV were only derived during nighttime sleep, and used as markers of cardiac autonomic modulation. Regression analyses with multiple adjustments (age, gender, body mass index, smoking, job-seniority, physical work-load, influence at work, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) were used to investigate the association between sitting time and nocturnal HRV. We found that occupational sitting-time was negatively associated (p < 0.05) with time and frequency domain HRV indices. Sitting-time explained up to 6% of the variance in HRV, independent of the covariates. Leisure-time sitting was not significantly associated with any HRV indices (p > 0.05). In conclusion, objectively measured occupational sitting-time was associated with reduced nocturnal HRV in blue-collar workers. This indicates an attenuated cardiac autonomic regulation with increasing sitting-time at work regardless of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The implications of this association for cardiovascular disease risk warrant further investigation via long-term prospective studies and intervention studies.
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Hallman DM, Mathiassen SE, Gupta N, Korshøj M, Holtermann A. Differences between work and leisure in temporal patterns of objectively measured physical activity among blue-collar workers. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:976. [PMID: 26415931 PMCID: PMC4587719 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is generally associated with favorable cardiovascular health outcomes, while occupational physical activity (OPA) shows less clear, or even opposite, cardiovascular effects. This apparent paradox is not sufficiently understood, but differences in temporal patterns of OPA and LTPA have been suggested as one explanation. Our aim was to investigate the extent to which work and leisure (non-occupational time) differ in temporal activity patterns among blue-collar workers, and to assess the modification of these patterns by age and gender. Methods This study was conducted on a cross-sectional sample of male (n = 108) and female (n = 83) blue-collar workers, aged between 21 and 65 years. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed using accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X+) worn on the thigh and trunk for four consecutive days. Temporal patterns of OPA and LTPA were retrieved using Exposure Variation Analysis (EVA), and expressed in terms of percentage of work and leisure time spent in uninterrupted periods of different durations (<1 min, 1–5 min, 5–10 min, 10–30 min, 30–60 min and > 60 min) of sitting, standing, and walking. Repeated measures ANOVA and linear regression analyses were used to test a) possible differences between OPA and LTPA in selected EVA derivatives, and b) the modification of these differences by age and gender. Results OPA showed a larger percentage time walking in brief (<5 min) periods [mean (SD): 33.4 % (12.2)], and less time in prolonged (>30 min) sitting [7.0 % (9.3)] than LTPA [walking 15.4 % (5.0); sitting 31.9 % (15.3)], even after adjustment for the difference between work and leisure in total time spent in each activity type. These marked differences in the temporal pattern of OPA and LTPA were modified by gender, but not age. Conclusion We found that the temporal patterns of OPA and LTPA among blue-collar workers were markedly different even after adjustment for total physical activity time, and that this difference was modified by gender. We recommend using EVA derivatives in future studies striving to disentangle the apparent paradoxical cardiovascular effect of physical activity at work and during leisure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, SE 801 76, Gävle, Sweden.
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, SE 801 76, Gävle, Sweden.
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mette Korshøj
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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