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Calişkan-Can E, Firat H, Ardiç S, Simşek B, Torun M, Yardim-Akaydin S. Increased levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and its relationship with lipid peroxidation and antioxidant vitamins in lung cancer. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:107-12. [PMID: 18194082 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species produced either endogenously or exogenously can attack lipids, proteins and DNA in human cells and cause potentially deleterious consequences. In recent years, their role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and the preventive effect of antioxidants have been studied extensively. In this study, our aim was to investigate the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) and malondialdehyde as a marker for the effects of reactive oxygen species on DNA and lipids, the levels of antioxidant vitamins and the correlations between these oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in lung cancer. METHODS Serum malondialdehyde, beta-carotene, retinol, and vitamins C and E were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography methods in fasting blood samples and 8OHdG was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in 24-h urine samples of patients with lung cancer (n=39) and healthy controls (n=31). RESULTS The levels of 8OHdG and malondialdehyde were significantly higher (p<0.05 and p<0.005, respectively) and beta-carotene, retinol, and vitamins C and E (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p<0.0001, and p<0.05, respectively) were significantly lower in patients than in controls. There was a significantly positive correlation between 8OHdG and malondialdehyde (r=0.463, p=0.01) and a negative correlation between the levels of 8OHdG and retinol (r=-0.419, p=0.021) in the patient group. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the oxidant/antioxidant balance was spoiled in favor of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in lung cancer patients. Significant increases in the levels of malondialdehyde and 8OHdG and decreases in the levels of antioxidants suggest the possible involvement of oxidative stress in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Calişkan-Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, and Department of Chest Diseases, Social Insurance Educational Hospital of Ankara, Turkey
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Morin B, Narbonne JF, Ribera D, Badouard C, Ravanat JL. Effect of dietary fat-soluble vitamins A and E and proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds on oxidative DNA damage in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:787-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Amati M, Tomasetti M, Scartozzi M, Mariotti L, Alleva R, Pignotti E, Borghi B, Valentino M, Governa M, Neuzil J, Santarelli L. Profiling Tumor-Associated Markers for Early Detection of Malignant Mesothelioma: An Epidemiologic Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:163-70. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ghorbanihaghjo A, Veisi P, Argani H, Aghaeishahsavari M, Noroozianavval M, Rashtchizadeh N, Mesgari M, Safa J, Babaei H. Prevention of DNA damage in renal transplantation by losartan and enalapril: the role of renin-angiotensin system polymorphisms. Clin Exp Nephrol 2008; 12:65-73. [PMID: 18175066 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-007-0001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study the effect of losartan and enalapril on the reduction of DNA damage was evaluated in regard to renin-angiotensin system (RAS) polymorphisms. METHODS After determination of genotypes of RAS polymorphism by PCR, 64 renal transplant recipients were randomly allocated to one of four groups: the first and second groups were treated with E (E+: 10 mg/day) and L (L+: 50 mg/day) alone, respectively. The third group received E+L (E+L+: 10 + 50 mg/day), and the forth group received no medication (E-L-). The subjects were followed for 8 weeks. After a 2-week washout period, the E group changed to L and vice versa as a cross-over design. They were followed for another 8 weeks. Before and after treatment, we checked 8-OHdG and malondialdehyde (MDA) as biomarkers of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation, respectively. RESULTS 8-OHdG levels were significantly decreased after treatment in the E+L+ and L+ groups (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). Only the TT genotype of AGT had the most antioxidative role regarding the treatment (P = 0.01). We found a remarkable correlation between MDA and DNA damage levels before and after intervention (r = 0.48, P < 0.001; r = 0.35, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION The protective effects of L+ and E+L+ on DNA breaks are surprising regarding the RAS polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghorbanihaghjo
- Drug Applied Research Center (DARC), Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Medical University, Tabriz, Iran.
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Tomey KM, Sowers MR, Li X, McConnell DS, Crawford S, Gold EB, Lasley B, Randolph JF. Dietary fat subgroups, zinc, and vegetable components are related to urine F2a-isoprostane concentration, a measure of oxidative stress, in midlife women. J Nutr 2007; 137:2412-9. [PMID: 17951478 PMCID: PMC2730459 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.11.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking, diet, and physical activity may impact chronic diseases in part by promoting or attenuating oxidative stress. We evaluated associations between lifestyle factors and urine F(2a)-isoprostanes, a marker of oxidative stress in 1610 participants of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed at baseline and the 5th year 05 (Y05). These data were related to Y05 urinary F(2a)-isoprostane concentration with regression analyses. Median urine F(2a)-isoprostane concentration was 433 ng/L overall, 917 ng/L in smokers [inter-quartile range (IQR): 467, 1832 ng/L], and 403 ng/L in nonsmokers (IQR: 228, 709 ng/L; P < 0.0001 for difference). Higher trans fat intake was associated with higher urine F(2a)-isoprostane concentration; partial Spearman correlations (rho(x|y)) between Y05 urine F(2a)-isoprostane concentration and trans fatty acids was 0.19 (P = 0.03) in smokers and 0.13 (P < 0.0001) in nonsmokers. Increased log trans fat intake from baseline to Y05 was associated with higher concentration of log urine F(2a)-isoprostanes in nonsmokers (beta = 0.131, SE = 0.04, P = 0.0003). In nonsmokers, the partial correlation (rho(x|y)) between lutein and urine F(2a)-isoprostane concentration was -0.13 (P < 0.0001). Increased intake of log lutein from baseline to Y05 was also associated with lower log urine F(2a)-isoprostane concentration (beta = -0.096, SE = 0.03, P = 0.0005) in nonsmokers. Increased zinc intake from baseline to Y05 was associated with lower log urine F(2a)-isoprostane concentration in smokers and nonsmokers (beta = -0.346, SE = 0.14, P = 0.01), and -0.117, 0.04 (P = 0.001), respectively]. In conclusion, diet (fat subtypes, zinc, and vegetable components) and smoking were associated with urine F(2a)-isoprostanes, a marker of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Tomey
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
| | - MaryFran R. Sowers
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
| | - Xizhao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
| | - Daniel S. McConnell
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
| | - Sybil Crawford
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01655
| | | | - Bill Lasley
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - John F. Randolph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Health System
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Basu M, Prasad R, Jayamurthy P, Pal K, Arumughan C, Sawhney RC. Anti-atherogenic effects of seabuckthorn (Hippophaea rhamnoides) seed oil. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 14:770-7. [PMID: 17498939 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Seabuckthorn (SBT) seed oil is a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, carotenoids and flavonoids, which are known to have significant anti-atherogenic and cardioprotective activity. The anti-atherogenic activity of supercritical CO(2) extracted SBT seed oil was evaluated in white albino rabbits fed on high cholesterol diet for 60 days. The study was performed on 20 male healthy rabbits divided into four groups of 5 animals each. Group I - control, group II - SBT seed oil, group III - cholesterol (1%) for 60 days, group IV - cholesterol+SBT seed oil. After 30 days of high cholesterol diet, group IV rabbits received 1 ml of SBT seed oil daily for 30 days. Blood total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured before and after the administration of SBT seed oil. The vasorelaxant activity of the seed oil was studied in vitro using aortic ring model technique and changes in isometric force were recorded using a polygraphic recording system. Accumulation of cholesterol in the aorta was studied using Sudan-IV staining technique. SBT seed oil feeding to normal rabbits for 18 days caused a significant decline in plasma cholesterol, LDL-C, atherogenic index (AI) and LDL/HDL ratio. The HDL-C levels, HDL-C/TC ratio (HTR) and vasorelaxant activity of the aorta were significantly increased. In cholesterol-fed animals the TC, TG, LDL-C and AI were significantly increased and showed a decline following seed oil administration. The increase in HDL-C was more marked in seed oil treated hypercholesterolemic animals. The acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxant activity was significantly decreased in cholesterol-fed animals and could be restored to that of normal values by seed oil administration. These observations suggest that supercritical CO(2) extracted SBT seed oil has significant anti-atherogenic and cardioprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Basu
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
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Krohn K, Maier J, Paschke R. Mechanisms of Disease: hydrogen peroxide, DNA damage and mutagenesis in the development of thyroid tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 3:713-20. [PMID: 17893690 DOI: 10.1038/ncpendmet0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations can be identified in two-thirds of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas and 'hot' thyroid nodules, whereas equivalent mutations relevant for benign 'cold' thyroid nodules are unknown. This Review summarizes current knowledge about early molecular conditions for nodular and tumor transformation in the thyroid gland. We reconstruct a line of events that could explain the predominant neoplastic character (i.e. originating from a single mutated cell) of thyroid nodular lesions. This process might be triggered by the oxidative nature of thyroid hormone synthesis or additional oxidative stress caused by iodine deficiency or smoking. If the antioxidant defense is not effective, this oxidative stress can cause DNA damage followed by an increase in the spontaneous mutation rate, which is a platform for tumor genesis. The hallmark of thyroid physiology--H2O2 production during hormone synthesis--is therefore very likely to be the ultimate cause of frequent mutagenesis in the thyroid gland. DNA damage and mutagenesis could provide the basis for the frequent nodular transformation of endemic goiters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Krohn
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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58
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Agorastos N, Borsig L, Renard A, Antoni P, Viola G, Spingler B, Kurz P, Alberto R. Cell-Specific and Nuclear Targeting with [M(CO)3]+ (M=99mTc, Re)-Based Complexes Conjugated to Acridine Orange and Bombesin. Chemistry 2007; 13:3842-52. [PMID: 17385203 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-specific nuclear targeting requires trifunctional metal complexes. We have synthesized [M(L(2)-pept)(L(1)-acr)(CO)(3)] (pept=peptide; acr=acridine-based agent) in which the fac-[M(CO)(3)](+) moiety (1st function, M=(99m)Tc, Re) couples an acridine-based nuclear-targeting agent (2nd function, L(1)-acr) and the specific cell-receptor-binding peptide bombesin (3rd function, L(2)-pept). The metal-mediated coupling is based on the mixed ligand [2+1] principle. The nuclear targeting agents have been derivatised with an isocyanide group for monodentate (L(1)) and bombesin (BBN) with a bidentate ligand (L(2)) for complexation to fac-[M(CO)(3)](+). For nuclear uptake studies, the model complexes [Re(L(2))(L(1)-acr)(CO)(3)] (L(2)=pyridine-2-carboxylic acid and pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid) were synthesized and structurally characterized. We selected acridine derivatives as nuclear-targeting agents, because they are very good nucleus-staining agents and exhibit strong fluorescence. Despite the bulky metal complexes attached to acridine, all [Re(L(2))(L(1)-acr)(CO)(3)] showed high accumulation in the nuclei of PC3 and B16F1 cells, as evidenced by fluorescence microscopy. For radiopharmaceutical purposes, the (99m)Tc analogues have been prepared and radioactivity distribution confirmed the fluorescence results. Coupling of BBN to L(2) gave the receptor-selective complexes [M(L(2)-BBN)(L(1)-acr)(CO)(3)]. Whereas no internalization was found with B16F1 cells, fluorescence microscopy on PC3 cells bearing the BBN receptor showed high and rapid uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis into the cytoplasm, but not into the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Agorastos
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Nguyen HN, Lee MS, Hwang DY, Kim YK, Yoon DY, Lee JW, Yun YP, Lee MK, Oh KW, Hong JT. Mutant presenilin 2 increased oxidative stress and p53 expression in neuronal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 357:174-80. [PMID: 17418105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The learning and memory impairment of presenilin 2 transgenic mice was mentioned previously. In this study, exposing the presenilin 2 transfected PC12 cells to the 50 microM Abeta(25-35), 30 mM l-glutamate and 50 microM H(2)O(2) resulted in significant increase 8-oxodG and p53 levels of the cells expressing the mutant gene. The increase was also found in the mutant presenilin 2 transgenic mice brains age-dependently in comparison to that in the wild-type presenilin 2-transgenic mice and non-transgenic ones. These findings indicated that mutant presenilin 2 clearly increases oxidative stress and p53 expression, which could be implicated in promoting mutant presenilin 2-induced neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, and the influence of mutant presenilin 2 in Alzheimer's disease may be brain regional and age related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Nga Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, CBITRC, Chungbuk National University, 12, Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
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60
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Lund E. Olive oil phenolics: effects on DNA-oxidation and redox enzyme mRNA in prostate cells. Br J Nutr 2007. [DOI: 10.1079/bjn2002658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yamaguchi Y, Yoshikawa N, Kagota S, Nakamura K, Haginaka J, Kunitomo M. Elevated circulating levels of markers of oxidative-nitrative stress and inflammation in a genetic rat model of metabolic syndrome. Nitric Oxide 2006; 15:380-6. [PMID: 16798031 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2006.04.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Revised: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic diseases that in essence greatly promotes progression of atherosclerosis. We used a genetic model of the metabolic syndrome, the SHR/NDmcr-cp (SHR/cp) rat, from 6 to 40 weeks of age to investigate whether systemic oxidative stress, a major cause of atherosclerosis, increases in this syndrome. Nine-week-old male rats already showed manifestations of metabolic syndrome, including heavier body weight, higher blood pressure and higher levels of serum glucose, insulin and various lipids compared to the age-matched Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats used as a genetic control. These metabolic parameters gradually progressed with age. Likewise, the serum levels of oxidative stress markers, including lipid peroxides, which oxidatively modify low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), gradually increased in SHR/cp rats. The serum levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and 3-chlorotyrosine also persistently increased, indicating the involvement of peroxynitrite or myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation. In addition, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), an early marker of inflammation, temporarily increased in SHR/cp rats compared to WKY rats. These findings suggest that oxidative stress, as well as nitrative stress and inflammation, increases in the metabolic syndrome, which may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan.
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Hara Y, Fujino M, Adachi K, Li XK. The Reduction of Hypoxia-Induced and Reoxygenation-Induced Apoptosis in Rat Islets by Epigallocatechin Gallate. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:2722-5. [PMID: 17098050 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The survival of transplanted tissue is affected by the detrimental consequences of hypoxia followed by reoxygenation. The majority of transplanted cells undergo apoptosis due to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) injury, but protection from H/R has been less examined. In this study, we examined whether epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) protected rat islets from H/R injury. Rat islets, freshly prepared from F344 rat strain by collagenase digestion and density centrifugation, were seeded in triplicate at concentrations of 100 per well in 24-well plates for culture under normoxia. The cells were then exposed to hypoxia for 14 hours with or without EGCG, after which they were reoxygenated for 72 hours in a humidified oxygenated CO(2) incubator at 37 degrees C. Apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were evaluated according to the manufacturer's instructions. The H/R induced apoptosis in the islets that was reduced in dose-dependent manner by EGCG treatment. The viability of islets exposed to H/R was assessed by LDH release. H/R reduced viability compared with the controls, while the viability of the islets improved upon EGCG treatment. The secretion of insulin was also decreased by H/R, as well as the dose dependent EGCG protective ability on insulin secretion. The content of 8-OHdG in islets from H/R was also reduced by EGCG. Our results indicated that apoptosis and the decline in insulin secretion by H/R were inhibited by EGCG treatment. EGCG may be considered useful for protection of islets from oxidative injury associated with the transplantation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology and National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Wu H, Guo H, Zhao R. Effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on the improvement of antioxidant ability and DNA damage in NIDDM rats. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2006; 126:365-71. [PMID: 16679745 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.126.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of polysaccharide extracted from Lycium barbarum (LBP) on blood glucose, oxidative stress and DNA damage in rats with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were studied. The results show that LBP treatment (10 mg/kg.d) for 4 weeks led to decreased levels of blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in serum of fasting rats; and to increased serum level of superoxidedismutase (SOD). Furthermore, LBP could reduce cellular DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of NIDDM rats. The DNA damage was determined by using the single cell gel (comet) assay with alkaline electrophoresis and was quantified by measuring tail length and tail moment. These results suggest that LBP can control blood glucose and modulate the metabolism of glucose, leading to significant improvement of oxidative stress markers (SOD, MDA) in rats with NIDDM. And that, LBP decreases DNA damage possibly via a decrease in oxidative stress levels. In conclusion, LBP as a dietary supplement may prevent the development of complications or even tendency to carcinogenesis in NIDDM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Dhawan V, Jain S. Garlic supplementation prevents oxidative DNA damage in essential hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 275:85-94. [PMID: 16335787 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-0824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-free radicals and other oxygen/nitrogen species are constantly generated in the human body. Most are intercepted by antioxidant defences and perform useful metabolic roles, whereas others escape to damage biomolecules like DNA, lipids and proteins. Garlic has been shown to contain antioxidant phytochemicals that prevent oxidative damage. These include unique water-soluble organosulphur compounds, lipid-soluble organosulphur compounds and flavonoids. Therefore, in the present study, we have tried to explore the antioxidant effect of garlic supplementation on oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide generation and on the total antioxidant status (TAS) in patients of essential hypertension (EH). Twenty patients of EH as diagnosed by JNC VI criteria (Group I) and 20 age and sex-matched normotensive controls (Group II) were enrolled in the study. Both groups were given garlic pearls (GP) in a dose of 250 mg per day for 2 months. Baseline samples were taken at the start of the study, i.e. 0 day, and thereafter 2 months follow-up. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), lipids, lipid peroxidation (MDA), NO and antioxidant vitamins A, E and C were determined. A moderate decline in blood pressure (BP) and a significant reduction in 8-OHdG, NO levels and lipid peroxidation were observed in Group I subjects with GP supplementation. Further, a significant increase in vitamin levels and TAS was also observed in this group as compared to the control subjects. These findings point out the beneficial effects of garlic supplementation in reducing blood pressure and counteracting oxidative stress, and thereby, offering cardioprotection in essential hypertensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Dhawan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Research Block B, IInd Floor, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
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65
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VATTEM D, JANG HD, LEVIN R, SHETTY K. SYNERGISM OF CRANBERRY PHENOLICS WITH ELLAGIC ACID AND ROSMARINIC ACID FOR ANTIMUTAGENIC AND DNA PROTECTION FUNCTIONS. J Food Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2005.00063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Balu M, Sangeetha P, Murali G, Panneerselvam C. Modulatory role of grape seed extract on age-related oxidative DNA damage in central nervous system of rats. Brain Res Bull 2005; 68:469-73. [PMID: 16459205 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Revised: 09/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the accumulation of diverse deleterious changes in the cells and tissues leading to increased risk of diseases. Oxidative stress is considered as a major risk factor and contributes to age related increase in DNA oxidation and DNA protein cross-links in central nervous system during aging. In the present study, we have evaluated the salubrious role of grape seed extract on accumulation of oxidative DNA damage products such as 8-OHdG and DNA protein cross-links in aged rats. Male albino rats of Wistar strain were divided into four groups: Group I, young control rats; Group II, young rats treated with grape seed extract (100 mg/kg b.wt.) for 30 days; Group III, aged control rats; Group IV, aged rats supplemented with grape seed extract (100 mg/kg b.wt.) for 30 days. Our results, thus, revealed that grape seed extract has inhibiting effect on the accumulation of age-related oxidative DNA damages in spinal cord and in various brain regions such as cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthaiya Balu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
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67
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Nogueira MEI, Passoni MH, Biso FI, Longo MDC, Cardoso CRP, Santos LCD, Varanda EA. Investigation of genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of Melampodium divaricatum in Salmonella typhimurium. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 20:361-6. [PMID: 16182509 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Revised: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 08/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Melampodium divaricatum is a member of the Asteraceae and in Brazil is known as false-calendula, its flowers being used in anti-inflammatory preparations, substituting the true calendula or marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). The flower extract was investigated for mutagenic and antimutagenic effect in the Salmonella/microsome assay. The tested extract was not mutagenic in the strains TA100, TA98, TA97a and TA102 and decreased the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1, benzo(a)pyrene and daunomycin. Chlorophyll and triterpenes were detected in the extract, and they might have contributed to the observed effect. Our data suggest that these medicinal plants possess cancer chemopreventive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Eiko Ikuma Nogueira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Estadual Paulist University, UNESP-Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Oxidative DNA modifications are frequent in mammalian DNA and have been suggested an important mechanism in carcinogenesis, diabetes and ageing. The foundations for this suggestion are: Evidence for the importance of oxidative DNA modifications in cancer development is: high levels of oxidative lesions in cancer tissue; highly conserved and specific DNA repair systems targeting oxidative lesions; high levels of oxidative DNA lesions in oxidative DNA repair knock-out animals; defective repair of oxidative lesions in cancer-prone progeria syndromes; reduced cancer incidence in populations with high dietary antioxidant intake; and increased oxidative stress to DNA in tobacco smokers. Conflicting evidence for a relation between oxidative stress to DNA and cancer is: disagreement about the true levels and occurrence of the oxidative lesions in vivo; failure to identify the localization of oxidative lesions in important genes, e.g. tumor suppressor and oncogenes; lack of evidence that the oxidative lesions induce mutations in vivo; no cancer development in animals knocked-out for specific DNA repair enzymes in spite of high tissue levels of oxidative lesions; and unchanged cancer rates after antioxidant interventions in large clinical controlled and randomized trials. The rate of DNA oxidation has been estimated from urinary excretion of repair products and it is evident that if these lesions were not repaired, a large part of DNA would be oxidized to a degree not compatible with living. The methodologies by which oxidative DNA modifications are measured cover a wide and different range, advantages and disadvantages will be presented. One particular problem is artificial oxidation, and methods to prevent such artifacts will be presented together with results from a large interlaboratory standardization program. The methodology by which the lesions can be measured is complicated and prone to artifacts during DNA isolation, digestion, derivatization and maybe even during the separation procedure proper prior to detection. A large effort from 20+ laboratories supported by a grant from the EU has reduced artifacts considerably and work towards interlaboratory standardization of the methodology is in progress. The presently agreed "normal" levels of the most frequent known lesion 8-oxodG is about 5 per million dG's in DNA. A comprehensive evaluation of the evidence, from chemistry to clinical and epidemiological trials, linking oxidative modifications to cancer will be given. Finally, an estimate of the quantitative role oxidative DNA modifications play among the multiplicity of other insults is given. While there is no question that all of these oxidative mechanisms do exist, quantitative data on their importance for the human situation do not exist. Prospective human studies that can provide such quantitative data on different mechanisms are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik E Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Yamauchi M, Nakano H, Maekawa J, Okamoto Y, Ohnishi Y, Suzuki T, Kimura H. Oxidative Stress in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Chest 2005; 127:1674-9. [PMID: 15888845 DOI: 10.1378/chest.127.5.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, and to elucidate the factors contributing to this relationship. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 128 consecutive subjects referred to the sleep laboratory of our hospital for screening or treatment of OSA. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MEASUREMENTS The severity of sleep-disordered breathing was evaluated by polysomnography. We measured urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as an in vivo parameter of oxidative stress. Known risk factors for oxidative stress (age, obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus) were also investigated. RESULTS Seventy subjects had nonsevere OSA (an apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] < 30), and 58 subjects had severe OSA (AHI >or= 30). Urinary 8-OHdG excretion was significantly higher in the severe OSA group (p = 0.03). Furthermore, urinary 8-OHdG excretion was significantly correlated with parameters of sleep-disordered breathing, including AHI, the apnea index, the oxygen desaturation index (ODI), the duration of oxygen saturation < 90%, and the respiratory arousal index. However, only ODI was significantly correlated with urinary 8-OHdG excretion after adjustment for confounding factors that are considered to be related to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The severity of OSA is independently associated with oxidative stress. Among various sleep-disordered breathing parameters, ODI is most closely related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Yamauchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tenri City Hospital, 300-11 Tomido-cho, Tenri City, Nara 632-0072, Japan.
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Kennedy DD, Santella RM, Wang Q, Ladas EJ, Kelly KM. 8-oxo-dG elevated in children during leukemia treatment. Integr Cancer Ther 2005; 3:301-9. [PMID: 15523101 DOI: 10.1177/1534735404270285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in oxidative stress in children undergoing chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have not been well documented. To determine whether the measurement of the DNA oxidized base 8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) may be a useful biomarker in this population, the authors conducted an observational study on 103 children with ALL. Blood samples were collected at diagnosis, during interim maintenance (IM), and during delayed intensification (DI). Blood mononuclear cell 8-oxo-dG, measured with an immunohistochemical method, decreased from diagnosis to IM (P = .01) and increased between IM and DI (P < .01). In a pilot study, bone marrow was also collected from 16 patients at diagnosis and after 28 days of treatment, but 8-oxo-dG remained the same. The relationship between plasma and dietary intake of antioxidants and the level of 8-oxo-dG was also explored. There was a direct relationship between the intake of vitamin E at diagnosis and bone marrow 8-oxo-dG (P = .03) and an inverse relationship between beta-carotene intake and blood 8-oxo-dG at IM (P = .03) and vitamin A in-take and blood 8-oxo-dG at DI (P = .003). Plasma vitamin C (P = .02) and total carotenoids (P = .01) were inversely related to blood 8-oxo-dG at IM. In contrast, higher plasma E/total lipid levels were associated with higher 8-oxo-dG at IM and DI (P < .01). At IM, patients with higher 8-oxo-dG had an increased risk of chemotherapy dose reduction (P = .04). In conclusion, the level of 8-oxo-dG in blood mononuclear cells decreases after the start of chemotherapy and increases during aggressive chemotherapy in children with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah D Kennedy
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Higdon J, Frei B. Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and b-Carotene in Cancer Chemoprevention. PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS IN CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION 2004. [DOI: 10.1201/9780203506707.ch21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Liu H, Uno M, Kitazato KT, Suzue A, Manabe S, Yamasaki H, Shono M, Nagahiro S. Peripheral oxidative biomarkers constitute a valuable indicator of the severity of oxidative brain damage in acute cerebral infarction. Brain Res 2004; 1025:43-50. [PMID: 15464743 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to post-ischemic brain damage. We assessed the correlation between plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as a marker of oxidative DNA damage, and progressive brain damage in rats subjected to transient or permanent ischemia. Male Wistar rats were subjected to permanent- and 0.5-, 1-, 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At various times thereafter, the infarct volume, 8-OHdG levels in plasma and brain tissue, DNA fragmentation, and immunohistochemical observations on their brains were recorded and compared. At 12 h after 2-h MCAO-reperfusion, the cortical infarct volume was increased; it peaked at 24 h. DNA degeneration expanded from the caudate putamen into the cortical region at 12 h. 8-OHdG-containing cells in the cortical infarct zone were observed at 12 h, the number of 8-OHdG-positive cells was highest at 24 h and they co-localized with DNA single-strand breaks. Plasma 8-OHdG significantly increased at 12 h, and peaked at 24 h after reperfusion (1.1+/-0.7 ng/ml (mean+/-S.D.); controls 0.3+/-0.1; p<0.01). This increase was in step with increased infarct volume, DNA degradation, and reflected immunohistochemical findings in the cortical region but not the caudate putamen. In the permanent MCAO model, plasma 8-OHdG levels were associated with the brain contents of 8-OHdG. Plasma 8-OHdG and the cortical infarct volume were lower in the 0.5- and 1-h than the 2-h MCAO model. Our findings suggest that 8-OHdG as a peripheral biomarker may be an indicator of oxidative brain damage in acute cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Wang XL, Rainwater DL, Mahaney MC, Stocker R. Cosupplementation with vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 reduces circulating markers of inflammation in baboons. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:649-55. [PMID: 15321805 PMCID: PMC1356523 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.3.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress are processes that mark early metabolic abnormalities in vascular diseases. OBJECTIVES We explored the effects of a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet on vascular responses in baboons and the potential response-attenuating effects of vitamin E and coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) supplementation. DESIGN We used a longitudinal design by subjecting 21 baboons (Papio hamadryas) to sequential dietary challenges. RESULTS After being maintained for 3 mo on a baseline diet (low in fat and cholesterol), 21 baboons were challenged with an HFHC diet for 7 wk. The serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations did not change. Subsequent supplementation of the HFHC diet with the antioxidant vitamin E (250, 500, or 1000 IU/kg diet) for 2 wk reduced serum CRP concentrations from 0.91 +/- 0.02 to 0.43 +/- 0.06 mg/dL. Additional supplementation with CoQ(10) (2 g/kg diet) further reduced serum CRP to approximately 30% of baseline (0.28 +/- 0.03 mg/dL; P = 0.036 compared with the HFHC diet). Introduction of the HFHC diet itself significantly decreased serum P-selectin (from 48.8 +/- 7.2 to 32.9 +/- 3.7 ng/dL, P = 0.02) and von Willebrand factor (from 187.0 +/- 10.1 to 161.9 +/- 9.0%, P = 0.02) concentrations. However, neither vitamin E alone nor vitamin E plus CoQ(10) significantly altered the serum concentrations of P-selectin or von Willebrand factor. CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation with vitamin E alone reduces the baseline inflammatory status that is indicated by the CRP concentration in healthy adult baboons. Cosupplementation with CoQ(10), however, significantly enhances this antiinflammatory effect of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li Wang
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Kiefer I, Prock P, Lawrence C, Wise J, Bieger W, Bayer P, Rathmanner T, Kunze M, Rieder A. Supplementation with Mixed Fruit and Vegetable Juice Concentrates Increased Serum Antioxidants and Folate in Healthy Adults. J Am Coll Nutr 2004; 23:205-11. [PMID: 15190044 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies have shown that low plasma levels of antioxidant micronutrients, which are commonly found in fruit and vegetables, are associated with increased risk for diseases such as heart disease, cancer, metabolic disorders and the like. The aim of this study was to monitor the dietary habits of a group of healthy, middle-aged, men and women and to assess the effect of supplementation with a natural phytonutrient preparation from fruits and vegetables, on plasma levels of various antioxidant micronutrients and oxidative stress assessed by measuring 8-oxodGuo (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine) in urine. METHODS The study followed a double-blind randomized cross-over design involving 59 healthy men and women (40-60 years of age). The supplement or a placebo was given to two groups for a total period of 14 weeks (crossover week 7). Blood levels of beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and folate were measured at 0, 7 and 14 weeks. Fruit and vegetable consumption was monitored by means of a retrospective food frequency questionnaire at week 0, 7 and 14. Urinary 8-oxodGuo was also determined at these time points. RESULTS Significant increases in blood nutrient levels after active supplementation were observed for beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and folate. Ranges measured, after supplementation, often fell into those associated with a reduced risk for disease. Our data suggests that, although generally health conscious, participants still fell short of the recommended five portions of fruit and vegetables per day. No significant group changes were noted for 8-oxodGuo concentration in urine. CONCLUSION Supplementation with mixed fruit and vegetable juice concentrates effectively increased plasma levels of important antioxidant nutrients and folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kiefer
- Institute of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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76
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Hsieh TJ, Liu TZ, Chia YC, Chern CL, Lu FJ, Chuang MC, Mau SY, Chen SH, Syu YH, Chen CH. Protective effect of methyl gallate from Toona sinensis (Meliaceae) against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in MDCK cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:843-50. [PMID: 15046831 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2003] [Accepted: 01/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methyl gallate (MG) has been shown to be an effective antioxidant in a variety of acellular experiments. Accordingly, this study was designed to assess the ability of MG, extracting from Toona sinensis to protect cultured Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated oxidative stress. Trolox, a cell permeable and water-soluble vitamin E analogue, was included for comparison. First, when MDCK cells were pretreated with MG and trolox for 1 h, followed by exposing to H2O2 (0.8 mM) for an additional hour, we found that the intracellular peroxide productions, as reflected by dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence, were shown to be decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, using C11-BODIPY581/591 as a lipid peroxidation probe, we also found that MG, in a concentration of 100 microM, could alleviate lipid peroxidation of the cells exposed to a short-term H2O2 treatment. In addition, MG-treated cells could prevent intracellular glutathione (GSH) from being depleted following an exposure of H2O2 (8.0 mM) for a 3 h period. Next, we also examined the effect of MG on H2O2-mediated oxidative damage to DNA. Using 8-oxoguanine as an indicator for oxidative DNA damage, we demonstrated that the percentage of MDCK cells containing 8-oxoguanine was drastically increased by exposing to H2O2 (40 mM) for 3 h. However, 8-oxoguanine contents were shown to be significantly decreased in the presence of MG prior to H2O2 exposure. Comparatively, MG was shown to be a better protective agent against oxidative damage to DNA as compared to trolox. Taken together, our data suggest that MG is effective in preventing H2O2-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in MDCK cells. The underlying mechanisms involved scavenging of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibition of lipid peroxidation and prevention of intracellular GSH depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jye Hsieh
- Basic Medical Science Education Center, Fooyin University, Ta-Liao, Kaohsiung Hsien 831, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wu LL, Chiou CC, Chang PY, Wu JT. Urinary 8-OHdG: a marker of oxidative stress to DNA and a risk factor for cancer, atherosclerosis and diabetics. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 339:1-9. [PMID: 14687888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 681] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced either endogenously or exogenously can attack lipid, protein and nucleic acid simultaneously in the living cells. In nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidized nucleoside of DNA, is the most frequently detected and studied DNA lesion. Upon DNA repair, 8-OHdG is excreted in the urine. Numerous evidences have indicated that urinary 8-OHdG not only is a biomarker of generalized, cellular oxidative stress but might also be a risk factor for cancer, atherosclerosis and diabetes. For example, elevated level of urinary 8-OHdG has been detected in patients with various cancers. In human atherosclerotic plaques, there were increased amounts of oxidatively modified DNA and 8-OHdG. Elevated urinary 8-OHdG and leukocyte DNA were also detected in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia, and the level of urinary 8-OHdG in diabetes correlated with the severity of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. We have discussed various methods for determining 8-OHdG in the tissue and urine, including HPLC with and without extraction, and ELISA. Using the ELISA we developed, we found that the normal range of urinary 8-OHdG for females was 43.9 +/- 42.1 ng/mg creatinine and 29.6 +/- 24.5 ng/mg creatinine for males, respectively. We found that the normal value between females and males is significantly different (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily L Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Bergman V, Leanderson P, Starkhammar H, Tagesson C. Urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde after high dose radiochemotherapy preceding stem cell transplantation. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 36:300-6. [PMID: 15036349 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2003.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2003] [Revised: 10/27/2003] [Accepted: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The urinary excretion of the hydroxylated DNA base 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) was monitored in 11 patients with hematological malignancies undergoing total body irradiation and high-dose chemotherapy preceding bone marrow transplantation. Nine patients showed a prompt increase in urinary 8-OHdG (8-25 times the initial baseline level) on days 0-7 after irradiation onset; the excretion then decreased during the aplastic period and increased again when engraftment took place (in 7 patients). A significant positive correlation was found between urinary 8-OHdG and whole blood leukocyte count, both on day 5 (p =.04, r =.72) and on day 22 (p =.009, r =.80) after irradiation onset. One patient who lacked the first peak of 8-OHdG excretion showed low blood leukocyte counts (less than 2 x 10(9)/l) before therapy onset; this patient, however, later had a successful engraftment and then also showed considerable increases in both 8-OHdG excretion and leukocyte count. These observations suggest leukocytes play a part in the excretion of 8-OHdG after conditioning therapy preceding bone marrow transplantation. As opposed to the biphasic 8-OHdG excretion, the excretion of MDA showed a single peak appearing on days 11-19 after radiochemotherapy onset, i.e., during the period in which the patients suffered from cytopenia, mucositis, and other side effects of the treatment. It is suggested, therefore, that these clinical manifestations are associated with increased lipid peroxidation. Altogether, these findings illustrate the utility of serial urinary samples for monitoring oxidative stress due to conditioning therapy in clinical practice. They also demonstrate that different oxidative stress markers may behave quite differently regarding their appearance in the urine after whole-body oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi Bergman
- Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of Oncology, Sweden.
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Woods JA, Traynor NJ, Brancaleon L, Moseley H. The Effect of Photofrin on DNA Strand Breaks and Base Oxidation in HaCaT Keratinocytes: A Comet Assay Study¶. Photochem Photobiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2004)79<105:teopod>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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80
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Igishi T, Hitsuda Y, Kato K, Sako T, Burioka N, Yasuda K, Sano H, Shigeoka Y, Nakanishi H, Shimizu E. Elevated urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a biomarker of oxidative stress, and lack of association with antioxidant vitamins in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology 2003; 8:455-60. [PMID: 14629648 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with COPD are under oxidative stress and to elucidate the relationship between the level of oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamins. METHODOLOGY Nineteen male patients with COPD and 13 age- matched male control subjects were studied. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and corrected for creatinine concentrations. Serum levels of vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) 8-OHdG excretion was 8.1 ng/mg (5.3-10.9 ng/mg) in control subjects and 12.2 ng/mg (9.8-15.5 ng/mg) in COPD patients (P < 0.01). Urinary 8-OHdG levels were significantly elevated in ex-smokers in the COPD group compared with ex-smokers in the control group. Urinary 8-OHdG level was negatively correlated with FVC (r = -0.42, P = 0.016), FEV1 (r = -0.49, P = 0.0048), and oxygen tension in arterial blood (r = -0.41, P = 0.0005). No significant differences in antioxidant levels were demonstrated between the two groups. There were no significant correlations between urinary 8-OHdG excretion and the serum concentrations of antioxidant vitamins. CONCLUSION The burden of oxidative stress was observed to increase in COPD patients as judged by urinary 8-OHdG. A depletion of antioxidant vitamins in serum was not essential for this phenomenon. Elevated urinary 8-OHdG level may not be attributable to smoking status or to antioxidant vitamins in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Igishi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
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81
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Peng T, Shen HM, Liu ZM, Yan LN, Peng MH, Li LQ, Liang RX, Wei ZL, Halliwell B, Ong CN. Oxidative DNA damage in peripheral leukocytes and its association with expression and polymorphisms of hOGG 1: A study of adolescents in a high risk region for hepatocellular carcinoma in China. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:2186-93. [PMID: 14562375 PMCID: PMC4656460 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i10.2186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the oxidative DNA damage to adolescents of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) families in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
METHODS: Peripheral leukocytes’ DNA 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and repair enzyme hOGG1 were quantified by flow-cytometry. hOGG1-Cys326Ser single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was distinguished by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assay.
RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between 8-oxoG and repair enzyme hOGG1 expression (P < 0.001). HCC children (n = 21) in Fusui county had a higher level of hOGG1 (P < 0.01) and a lower level of 8-oxoG (P < 0.05) than the controls (n = 63) in Nanning city. Children in Nanning exposed to passive-smoking had a higher hOGG1 expression (P < 0.05) than the non-exposers. 8-oxoG and hOGG1 were negatively correlated with body mass index, while hOGG1 was positively correlated with age. There was a peak of 8-oxoG level nearby the 12 year point. Individuals with the hOGG1 326Ser allele had a significantly marginal higher concentration of leukocyte 8-oxoG level than hOGG1 326Cys allele.
CONCLUSION: This is the first report using flow-cytometry to simultaneously quantify both the DNA oxidative damage and its repairing enzyme hOGG1. The results provide new insights towards a better understanding of the mechanisms of oxidative stress in a population highly susceptible to hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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Pietta PG, Simonetti P, Gardana C, Cristoni S, Bramati L, Mauri PL. LC-APCI-MS/MS analysis of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 32:657-61. [PMID: 12899955 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) is regarded as an important biomarker of oxidative DNA damage and it may be estimated by using different techniques in various biological matrices, most notably DNA and urine. In the case of DNA, artifactual oxidation may take place during the isolation of DNA, its hydrolysis and possible derivatization (as for GC-MS), invalidating the measurement of 8OHdG. Therefore, the direct analysis of 8OHdG excreted into urine was preferred. Interferences from the urine matrix were excluded by applying LC-APCI-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The abundant fragment ion at m/z 168 arising from 8OHdG was monitored in the urine sample of volunteers supplemented with tomato concentrate for different times. The procedure allowed the detection of levels of 8OHdG as low as 1 ng/ml in urine sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Pietta
- CNR, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milano, Italy.
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DeFeudis FV, Papadopoulos V, Drieu K. Ginkgo biloba extracts and cancer: a research area in its infancy. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2003; 17:405-17. [PMID: 12914542 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-8206.2003.00156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies conducted with various molecular, cellular and whole animal models have revealed that leaf extracts of Ginkgo biloba may have anticancer (chemopreventive) properties that are related to their antioxidant, anti-angiogenic and gene-regulatory actions. The antioxidant and associated anti-lipoperoxidative effects of Ginkgo extracts appear to involve both their flavonoid and terpenoid constituents. The anti-angiogenic activity of the extracts may involve their antioxidant activity and their ability to inhibit both inducible and endothelial forms of nitric oxide synthase. With regard to gene expression, a Ginkgo extract and one of its terpenoid constituents, ginkgolide B, inhibited the proliferation of a highly aggressive human breast cancer cell line and xenografts of this cell line in nude mice. cDNA microarray analyses have shown that exposure of human breast cancer cells to a Ginkgo extract altered the expression of genes that are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell differentiation or apoptosis, and that exposure of human bladder cancer cells to a Ginkgo extract produced an adaptive transcriptional response that augments antioxidant status and inhibits DNA damage. In humans, Ginkgo extracts inhibit the formation of radiation-induced (chromosome-damaging) clastogenic factors and ultraviolet light-induced oxidative stress - effects that may also be associated with anticancer activity. Flavonoid and terpenoid constituents of Ginkgo extracts may act in a complementary manner to inhibit several carcinogenesis-related processes, and therefore the total extracts may be required for producing optimal effects.
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84
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Geetha S, Sai Ram M, Mongia SS, Singh V, Ilavazhagan G, Sawhney RC. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of leaf extract of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) on chromium(VI) induced oxidative stress in albino rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 87:247-251. [PMID: 12860317 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the antioxidant activity of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), family Elaegnaceae, on chromium induced oxidative stress in male albino rats. Oxidative stress was induced in the rats by force-feeding of potassium dichromate equivalent to a dose of 30mg/kg body weight (BW) of chromium(VI) for 30 days. Administration of chromium decreased the body weight and increased organ to body weight ratio significantly. Chromium treatment significantly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels; further it also enhanced glutamate oxaloacetate transferase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transferase (GPT) levels in the serum. Different doses of the alcoholic leaf extract of Seabuckthorn were evaluated for the protection against the chromium induced oxidative stress. The results show that the leaf extract at a concentration of 100 and 250mg/kg BW protected the animals from the chromium induced oxidative injury significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Geetha
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110 054, India
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85
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Grey CE, Adlercreutz P. Ability of antioxidants to prevent oxidative mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA102. Mutat Res 2003; 527:27-36. [PMID: 12787911 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(03)00054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An assay for the ability of antioxidants to prevent mutations induced by various oxidants in Salmonella typhimurium TA102 cells was developed. Protection against hydrogen-peroxide-induced mutagenicity was observed for quercetin, caffeic acid, ascorbic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide (used as a solvent for water-insoluble antioxidants). No protective effect was observed for green tea extract (weakly pro-oxidative), catechin, rutin, sinigrin, ferulic acid and alpha-tocopherol. Mutagenicity caused by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) was prevented most effectively by quercetin and ascorbic acid, whereas weaker effects were observed for green tea extract and for rutin, and no effect being observed for the other antioxidants tested. The results for hydrogen peroxide indicate iron chelation to be the most important protective mechanism. Radical scavenging appeared to be effective only with dimethyl sulfoxide and ascorbic acid, which are effective scavengers of hydroxyl radicals and were used here in high concentrations. It is proposed that the hydrogen-peroxide-induced mutations in the Salmonella cells are caused by hydroxyl radicals generated by iron ions closely associated with DNA. Protection against mutagenicity caused by tert-butyl hydroperoxide appears to occur mainly through the scavenging of alkoxyl and possibly of alkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Elovson Grey
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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86
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Klein JA, Ackerman SL. Oxidative stress, cell cycle, and neurodegeneration. J Clin Invest 2003; 111:785-93. [PMID: 12639981 PMCID: PMC153779 DOI: 10.1172/jci18182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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87
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88
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Breton J, Sichel F, Bianchini F, Prevost V. Measurement of 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine by a Commercially Available ELISA Test: Comparison with HPLC/Electrochemical Detection in Calf Thymus DNA and Determination in Human Serum. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120017267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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89
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Pilger A, Ivancsits S, Germadnik D, Rüdiger HW. Urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 778:393-401. [PMID: 12376144 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is good evidence that oxidative DNA damage permanently occurs in living cells. The oxidative DNA damage product 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is one of the predominant forms of radical-induced lesions to DNA, and has therefore been widely used as a biomarker for oxidative stress, either in cellular DNA or as DNA repair product in urine. In this paper we describe the use of a high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure with electrochemical detection for the measurement of urinary 8-OHdG. Our study has addressed the questions (i) of baseline urinary levels of 8-OHdG in spot urine and 24-h urine, (ii) of inter- and intra-individual variation of this biomarker, and (iii) of confounding factors for the excretion of 8-OHdG. No significant difference between the mean group levels of 8-OHdG/creatinine in spot urine (2.03+/-1.21 micromol/mol, n=148) and in 24-h urine (1.86+/-1.09 micromol/mol, n=67) was observed. However, when only 24-h urine was used for analysis, 8-OHdG was found to be statistically significantly higher in smokers. By multiple linear regression analysis, urinary creatinine was identified as the only predictor of 8-OHdG/24 h (r(p)=0.33, P=0.007). High intra-individual coefficients of variation of 8-OHdG/24 h were observed in two healthy subjects over a period of 10 consecutive days (37 and 57%, respectively), indicating that the intra-individual fluctuation of urinary 8-OHdG has so far been underestimated. Therefore, we suggest that single values of 8-OHdG should be considered with caution, in particular in small study groups and when spot urine is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pilger
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Vienna General Hospital, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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90
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Lunec J, Holloway KA, Cooke MS, Faux S, Griffiths HR, Evans MD. Urinary 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine: redox regulation of DNA repair in vivo? Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 33:875-85. [PMID: 12361799 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA is susceptible to damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are produced during normal and pathophysiological processes in addition to ionizing radiation, environmental mutagens, and carcinogens. 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is probably one of the most abundant DNA lesion formed during oxidative stress. This potentially mutagenic lesion causes G --> T transversions and is therefore an important candidate lesion for repair, particularly in mammalian cells. Several pathways exist for the removal, or repair, of this lesion from mammalian DNA. The most established is via the base excision repair enzyme, human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (hOgg1), which acts in combination with the human apurinic endonuclease (hApe). The latter is known to respond to regulation by redox reactions and may act in combination with hOgg1. We discuss evidence in this review article concerning alternative pathways in humans, such as nucleotide excision repair (NER), which could possibly remove the 8-oxodG lesion. We also propose that redox-active components of the diet, such as vitamin C, may promote such repair, affecting NER specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lunec
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
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91
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Guetens G, De Boeck G, Highley M, van Oosterom AT, de Bruijn EA. Oxidative DNA damage: biological significance and methods of analysis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2002; 39:331-457. [PMID: 12385502 DOI: 10.1080/10408360290795547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
All forms of aerobic life are subjected constantly to oxidant pressure from molecular oxygen and also reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced during the biochemical utilization of O2 and prooxidant stimulation of O2 metabolism. ROS are thought to influence the development of human cancer and more than 50 other human diseases. To prevent oxidative DNA damage (protection) or to reverse damage, thereby preventing mutagenesis and cancer (repair), the aerobic cell possesses antioxidant defense systems and DNA repair mechanisms. During the last 20 years, many analytical techniques have been developed to monitor oxidative DNA base damage. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are the two pioneering contributions to the field. Currently, the arsenal of methods available include the promising high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique, capillary electrophoresis, 32P-postlabeling, fluorescence postlabeling, 3H-postlabeling, antibody-base immunoassays, and assays involving the use of DNA repair glycosylases such as the comet assay, the alkaline elution assay, and the alkaline unwinding method. Recently, the use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has been introduced for the measurement of a number of modified nucleosides in oxidatively damaged DNA. The bulk of available chromatographic methods aimed at measuring individual DNA base lesions require either chemical hydrolysis or enzymatic digestion of oxidized DNA, following extraction from cells or tissues. The effect of experimental conditions (DNA isolation, hydrolysis, and/or derivatization) on the levels of oxidatively modified bases in DNA is enormous and has been studied intensively in the last 10 years.
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92
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Halliwell B. Role of free radicals in the neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic implications for antioxidant treatment. Drugs Aging 2002; 18:685-716. [PMID: 11599635 DOI: 10.2165/00002512-200118090-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1003] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals and other so-called 'reactive species' are constantly produced in the brain in vivo. Some arise by 'accidents of chemistry', an example of which may be the leakage of electrons from the mitochondrial electron transport chain to generate superoxide radical (O2*-). Others are generated for useful purposes, such as the role of nitric oxide in neurotransmission and the production of O2*- by activated microglia. Because of its high ATP demand, the brain consumes O2 rapidly, and is thus susceptible to interference with mitochondrial function, which can in turn lead to increased O2*- formation. The brain contains multiple antioxidant defences, of which the mitochondrial manganese-containing superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione seem especially important. Iron is a powerful promoter of free radical damage, able to catalyse generation of highly reactive hydroxyl, alkoxyl and peroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides, respectively. Although most iron in the brain is stored in ferritin, 'catalytic' iron is readily mobilised from injured brain tissue. Increased levels of oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins have been detected by a range of assays in post-mortem tissues from patients with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and at least some of these changes may occur early in disease progression. The accumulation and precipitation of proteins that occur in these diseases may be aggravated by oxidative damage, and may in turn cause more oxidative damage by interfering with the function of the proteasome. Indeed, it has been shown that proteasomal inhibition increases levels of oxidative damage not only to proteins but also to other biomolecules. Hence, there are many attempts to develop antioxidants that can cross the blood-brain barrier and decrease oxidative damage. Natural antioxidants such as vitamin E (tocopherol), carotenoids and flavonoids do not readily enter the brain in the adult, and the lazaroid antioxidant tirilazad (U-74006F) appears to localise in the blood-brain barrier. Other antioxidants under development include modified spin traps and low molecular mass scavengers of O2*-. One possible source of lead compounds is the use of traditional remedies claimed to improve brain function. Little is known about the impact of dietary antioxidants upon the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease. Several agents already in therapeutic use might exert some of their effects by antioxidant action, including selegiline (deprenyl), apomorphine and nitecapone.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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93
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Matsumoto KI, Yamazaki M, Satoh K, Ushio F, Endo K. [Measurement of contents in organs of selenium- or vitamin E-deficient rat using instrumental neutron activation analysis]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2002; 122:283-90. [PMID: 11968841 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.122.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The contents of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) in the organs (liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung, and brain) and the liver cell fractions (nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal, and cytosolic fractions) of Se- or vitamin E (VE)-deficient rats were measured using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The contents of Fe in the liver of Se-deficient rats, and in the liver and the spleen of VE-deficient rats were increased compared with those in normal rats. Fe contents increased mainly in the microsomal fraction. Contents of Co in the organs and liver cell fractions of Se- and VE-deficient rats were markedly low, reflecting the Co contents in both diets. Contents of Zn in the organs and liver cell fractions of Se- and VE-deficient rats decreased to 60-80% of the contents in normal rats. The Se contents in Se-deficient rat organs except for the kidney, spleen, and brain were below the detectable level under the present conditions. Se contents in VE-deficient rat decreased to 50-80% of those in normal rats in all organs and fractions. It is suggested that oxidative stress due to Se- or VE-deficiency affects the dynamics of Fe and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Matsumoto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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94
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lim
- National University Medical Institutes, The National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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95
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Zang LY, Dehaven J, Yocum A, Qiao G. Determination of alachlor and its metabolites in rat plasma and urine by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 767:93-101. [PMID: 11863300 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A method based on liquid chromatography (LC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of alachlor (ALA) and its metabolites, 2-chloro-N-[2,6-diethylphenyl]acetamide (CDEPA) and 2,6-diethylaniline (DEA), in rat plasma and urine has been developed. 13C-labeled ALA was used as the internal standard for quantitation. The analyte in plasma or urine was isolated using a Waters Oasis HLB extraction plate. The mass spectrometer was operated in the ESI MS-SIM mode with a programming procedure. The retention times for ALA, CDEPA and DEA were 1.84, 3.11 and 4.12 min, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for ALA, CDEPA and DEA were 2.3, 0.8 and 0.8 ng per injection, respectively. The linear fit of analyte to mass response had an R2 of 0.99. Reproducibility of the sample handling and LC-MS analysis had a RSD of < or = 10%. The average recoveries for these analytes in rat plasma were better than 90%. Similar results were obtained with rat urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun-Yi Zang
- Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA.
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96
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Van Campen LE, Murphy WJ, Franks JR, Mathias PI, Toraason MA. Oxidative DNA damage is associated with intense noise exposure in the rat. Hear Res 2002; 164:29-38. [PMID: 11950522 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5955(01)00391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that noise-induced hearing loss may be reduced or prevented with antioxidant therapy. Biochemical markers of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage can help elucidate possible treatment timing constraints. This study examined the time course of ROS damage following a 2-h, broad-band noise exposure resulting in permanent threshold shift in 35 Long-Evans rats. Cochlea, brain, liver, serum and urine were analyzed at 1, 3, 8, 72, and 672 h (28 days) after exposure. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed by measuring 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Lipid peroxidation was measured via the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) colorimetric assay for detection of aldehydes (e.g., malondialdehyde). Auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds showed progressive elevation for the 3- and 8-h groups, then notable recovery for the 72-h group, and some worsening for the 672-h group. 8OHdG was significantly elevated in cochlea in the 8-h group, and in brain and liver for the 72-h group. TBARS were significantly elevated in serum for the 72-h group. Based upon oxidative DNA damage present in cochlea following intense noise, we postulate that the first 8 h following exposure might be a critical period for antioxidant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luann E Van Campen
- Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
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97
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Saliim ET, Abu-Shakra A. Effect of hydrogen peroxide on nitric oxide (NO)-induced mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium. TERATOGENESIS, CARCINOGENESIS, AND MUTAGENESIS 2002; 21:349-59. [PMID: 11746249 DOI: 10.1002/tcm.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to impart, alone or in combination with reactive oxygen species (ROS), the cytotoxicity and putative genotoxicity associated with the immunological response. The present study examined the change in the mutagenic activity profile of the NO-donor spermine NONOate (SperNO) as a result of introduction of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to the Ames assay. The aim was to determine whether the assay could detect H(2)O(2)-induced co- or anti-mutagenic effects on NO-induced mutagenesis, and the Salmonella typhimurium base-pair substitution tester strain TA1535 provided an appropriate tool. While TA1535 was shown by the authors and others to be strongly sensitive to NO-induced mutagenesis, it has also been shown to be insensitive to H(2)O(2)-induced mutagenicity [1,2]. When H(2)O(2) (0.25-4.0 micromol/pl) was added directly to cells treated with SperNO (0.01-1.0 micromol/pl), co-mutagenicity was not detected, but a drop in reversion count and detectable toxicity was observed, especially at doses > 0.1 micromol/pl. When glucose/glucose oxidase (GOX) or reduced glutathione (GSH) were used as H(2)O(2)-generation systems the results varied. Reversion induced by SperNO (1 micromol/pl) was moderately enhanced by GOX (10-20 mUnits/pl), but the increase albeit reproducible did not reach a doubling (co-mutagenicity). GOX (40 micromol/pl) induced a reduction in reversion count, but no visible toxicity. On the other hand, GSH (20- 80 micromol/pl) gave a strong co-mutagenic effect. Co-mutagenicity was highest (> 5x) at 80 micromol/pl GSH and 0.1 micromol/pl SperNO. Based on these findings, it could be concluded that a) H(2)O(2), when steadily generated in the cell, has a modulatory effect on NO-mutagenicity, and such a conclusion is not inconsistent with the wide range of responses reported for the two chemicals, and/or b) the observed co-mutagenic effects of GSH may not be attributable solely to H(2)O(2) generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Saliim
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
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98
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Huang X, Powell J, Mooney LA, Li C, Frenkel K. Importance of complete DNA digestion in minimizing variability of 8-oxo-dG analyses. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31:1341-51. [PMID: 11728805 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in DNA vary at least one order of magnitude using different quantitative methods or even the same method. Our hypothesis is that an incomplete DNA hydrolysis to nucleosides by the conventional nuclease P1 (NP1) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) digestion system plays an important role in contributing to the variability of measurements using HPLC coupled with UV and electrochemical (EC) detection. We show here that factors, such as the amount of DNA, choice of enzymes, their activities, and incubation time, can affect DNA digestion and, thus, cause variability in 8-oxo-dG levels. The addition of DNase I and phosphodiesterases I and II to the NP1 + AP system improves the DNA digestion by completely releasing normal nucleosides and 8-oxo-dG, thereby reducing the interday variations of 8-oxo-dG levels. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), an iron chelator, prevented background increases of 8-oxo-dG during DNA digestion, as well as during the waiting period in the autosampler when a batch of DNA samples is analyzed by HPLC. After optimization of the DNA digestion conditions, the interday variability of 8-oxo-dG measurements using commercially available salmon testes DNA (ST DNA) were 26% over a period of 2 years. Under these optimal conditions, our laboratory variability may contribute as little as 13% to the overall variability as shown by assessment of oxidative DNA damage in a population of smokers. Based on our results, we believe that the modified DNA digestion conditions will provide much more accurate 8-oxo-dG determinations and, thus, more reliable estimates of cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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99
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Song M, Santanam N. Increased myeloperoxidase and lipid peroxide-modified protein in gynecological malignancies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2001; 3:1139-46. [PMID: 11813987 DOI: 10.1089/152308601317203648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in several diseases, including cancer. Oxidants induce oncogenes and their products associated with cell growth. Even though epidemiological studies implicate oxidants in promoting cancer, there is still a lack of in vivo evidence for the same. In this study, we measured the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme associated with oxidation and autoantibodies to lipid peroxide-modified protein (LOOH-RSA), in the plasma of subjects with gynecological cancers. The gynecological cancer subjects (n = 201) had higher plasma MPO and LOOH-RSA levels compared with control subjects (n = 60). Immunohistochemical analysis of tissues revealed that immunostaining for MPO and LOOH-RSA was higher in cancer tissues compared with controls. The staining was specific to cell types and not ubiquitously present. Neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and natural killer cells have been proposed to play a role in cancer promotion and progression. This study proposes a role for oxidative stress and especially MPO in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Song
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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100
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Zhao K, Whiteman M, Spencer JP, Halliwell B. DNA damage by nitrite and peroxynitrite: protection by dietary phenols. Methods Enzymol 2001; 335:296-307. [PMID: 11400378 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(01)35252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Zhao
- International Antioxidant Research Centre, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 8RT, United Kingdom
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