51
|
Mishra CB, Mongre RK, Prakash A, Jeon R, Supuran CT, Lee MS. Anti-breast cancer action of carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitor 4-[4-(4-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-piperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene-hydrazinocarbonyl]-benzenesulfonamide (BSM-0004): in vitro and in vivo studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:954-963. [PMID: 33947294 PMCID: PMC8118463 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1909580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-breast cancer action of novel human carbonic anhydrase IX (hCA IX) inhibitor BSM-0004 has been investigated using in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer. BSM-0004 was found to be a potent and selective hCA IX inhibitor with a Ki value of 96 nM. In vitro anticancer effect of BSM-0004 was analysed against MCF 7 and MDA-MA-231 cells, BSM-0004 exerted an effective cytotoxic effect under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, inducing apoptosis in MCF 7 cells. Additionally, this compound significantly regulates the expression of crucial biomarkers associated with apoptosis. The investigation was extended to confirm the efficacy of this hCA IX inhibitor against in vivo model of breast cancer. The results specified that the treatment of BSM-0004 displayed an effective in vivo anticancer effect, reducing tumour growth in a xenograft cancer model. Hence, our investigation delivers an effective anti-breast cancer agent that engenders the anticancer effect by inhibiting hCA IX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raj Kumar Mongre
- Department of Biosystem, Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Amresh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University, Gurgaon, India
| | - Raok Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Universitàdegli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Department of Biosystem, Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Nocentini A, Angeli A, Carta F, Winum JY, Zalubovskis R, Carradori S, Capasso C, Donald WA, Supuran CT. Reconsidering anion inhibitors in the general context of drug design studies of modulators of activity of the classical enzyme carbonic anhydrase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:561-580. [PMID: 33615947 PMCID: PMC7901698 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1882453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic anions inhibit the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) generally by coordinating to the active site metal ion. Cyanate was reported as a non-coordinating CA inhibitor but those erroneous results were subsequently corrected by another group. We review the anion CA inhibitors (CAIs) in the more general context of drug design studies and the discovery of a large number of inhibitor classes and inhibition mechanisms, including zinc binders (sulphonamides and isosteres, dithiocabamates and isosteres, thiols, selenols, benzoxaboroles, ninhydrins, etc.); inhibitors anchoring to the zinc-coordinated water molecule (phenols, polyamines, sulfocoumarins, thioxocoumarins, catechols); CAIs occluding the entrance to the active site (coumarins and derivatives, lacosamide), as well as compounds that bind outside the active site. All these new chemotypes integrated with a general procedure for obtaining isoform-selective compounds (the tail approach) has resulted, through the guidance of rigorous X-ray crystallography experiments, in the development of highly selective CAIs for all human CA isoforms with many pharmacological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Raivis Zalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Angeli A, Urbański LJ, Hytönen VP, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Activation of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis with amines and amino acids. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:758-763. [PMID: 33715570 PMCID: PMC7952076 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1897802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first activation study of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) encoded in the genome of the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis, TvaCA1. Among 24 amino acid and amine activators investigated, derivatives incorporating a second carboxylic moiety, such as L-Asp, L- and D-Glu, were devoid of activating effects up to concentrations of 50 µM within the assay system, whereas the corresponding compounds with a CONH2 moiety, i.e. L-Gln and L-Asn showed modest activating effects, with activation constants in the range of 26.9 − 32.5 µM. Moderate activation was observed with L- and D-DOPA, histamine, dopamine, serotonin, (2-Aminoethyl)pyridine/piperazine and morpholine (KA‘s ranging between 8.3 and 14.5 µM), while the best activators were L-and D-Trp, L-and D-Tyr and 4-amino-Phe, which showed KA‘s ranging between 3.0 and 5.1 µM. Understanding in detail the activation mechanism of β-CAs may be relevant for the design of enzyme activity modulators with potential clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Linda J Urbański
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Berrino E, Michelet B, Martin-Mingot A, Carta F, Supuran CT, Thibaudeau S. Modulating the Efficacy of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors through Fluorine Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23068-23082. [PMID: 34028153 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The insertion of fluorine atoms and/or fluoroalkyl groups can lead to many beneficial effects in biologically active molecules, such as enhanced metabolic stability, bioavailability, lipophilicity, and membrane permeability, as well as a strengthening of protein-ligand binding interactions. However, this "magic effect" of fluorine atom(s) insertion can often be meaningless. Taking advantage of the wide range of data coming from the quest for carbonic anhydrase (CA) fluorinated inhibitors, this Minireview attempts to give "general guidelines" on how to wisely insert fluorine atom(s) within an inhibitor moiety to precisely enhance or disrupt ligand-protein interactions, depending on the target location of the fluorine substitution in the ligand. Multiple approaches such as ITC, kinetic and inhibition studies, X-ray crystallography, and NMR spectroscopy are useful in dissecting single binding contributions to the overall observed effect. The exploitation of innovative directions made in the field of protein and ligand-based fluorine NMR screening is also discussed to avoid misconduct and finely tune the exploitation of selective fluorine atom insertion in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Berrino
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Bastien Michelet
- Superacid Group in "Organic Synthesis" Team, Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 7285 IC2MP, Bât. B28, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Agnès Martin-Mingot
- Superacid Group in "Organic Synthesis" Team, Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 7285 IC2MP, Bât. B28, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- Superacid Group in "Organic Synthesis" Team, Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 7285 IC2MP, Bât. B28, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
QM study of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) degradation by cluster model of Carbonic anhydrase enzyme. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
56
|
Guglielmi P, Rotondi G, Secci D, Angeli A, Chimenti P, Nocentini A, Bonardi A, Gratteri P, Carradori S, Supuran CT. Novel insights on saccharin- and acesulfame-based carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: design, synthesis, modelling investigations and biological activity evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1891-1905. [PMID: 33003975 PMCID: PMC7580763 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1828401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A large library of saccharin and acesulfame derivatives has been synthesised and evaluated against four isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase, the two off-targets hCA I/II and the tumour related isoforms hCA IX/XII. Different strategies of scaffold modification have been attempted on both saccharin as well as acesulfame core leading to the obtainment of 60 compounds. Some of them exhibited inhibitory activity in the nanomolar range, albeit some of the performed changes led to either micromolar activity or to its absence, against hCA IX/XII. Molecular modelling studies focused the attention on the binding mode of these compounds to the enzyme. The proposed inhibition mechanism is the anchoring to zinc-bound water molecule. Docking studies along with molecular dynamics also underlined the importance of the compounds flexibility (e.g. achieved through the insertion of methylene group) which favoured potent and selective hCA inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Guglielmi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Rotondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Paola Chimenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Abstract
Coumarins constitute a relatively new class of inhibitors of the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), possessing a unique inhibition mechanism, acting as "prodrug inhibitors." They undergo the hydrolysis of the lactone ring mediated by the esterase activity of CA. The formed 2-hydroxy-cinnamic acids thereafter bind within a very particular part of the enzyme active site, at its entrance, where a high variability of amino acid residues among the different mammalian CA isoforms is present, and where other inhibitors classes were not seen bound earlier. This explains why coumarins are among the most isoform-selective CA inhibitors known to date among the many chemotypes endowed with such biological activity. As coumarins are widespread secondary metabolites in some bacteria, plants, fungi, and ascidians, many such compounds from various natural sources have been investigated for their CA inhibitory properties and for possible biomedical applications, mainly as anticancer agents targeting hypoxic tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Swain B, Abhay, Singh P, Angeli A, Aashritha K, Nagesh N, Supuran CT, Arifuddin M. 3-Functionalised benzenesulphonamide based 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as selective carbonic anhydrase XIII inhibitors: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 37:127856. [PMID: 33609663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A new series of benzenesulphonamide linked-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids (6a-s) has been synthesized and tested for their carbonic anhydrase inhibition against human (h) carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms hCA I, II, IX, and XIII. Fluorescence properties of some of the synthesized molecules were studied. Most of the molecules exhibited significant inhibitory power, comparable or better than the standard drug acetazolamide (AAZ) on hCA XIII. Out of 19 tested molecules, compound 6e (75.8 nM) was 3 times more potent than AAZ (250.0 nM) against hCA I, whereas compound 6e (15.4 nM), 6g (16.2 nM), 6h (16.4 nM) and 6i (17.0 nM) were found to be more potent than AAZ (17.0 nM) against isoform hCA XIII. It is anticipated that these compounds could be taken as the potential leads for the development of selective hCA XIII isoform inhibitors with improved potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baijayantimala Swain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Abhay
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Kamtam Aashritha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Narayana Nagesh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mohammed Arifuddin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India; Department of Chemistry, Anwarul Uloom College, 11-3-918, New Malleypally, Hyderabad 500001, T.S., India.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Mishra CB, Kumari S, Angeli A, Bua S, Mongre RK, Tiwari M, Supuran CT. Discovery of Potent Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as Effective Anticonvulsant Agents: Drug Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3100-3114. [PMID: 33721499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two sets of benzenesulfonamide-based effective human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitors have been developed using the tail approach. The inhibitory action of these novel molecules was examined against four isoforms: hCA I, hCA II, hCA VII, and hCA XII. Most of the molecules disclosed low to medium nanomolar range inhibition against all tested isoforms. Some of the synthesized derivatives selectively inhibited the epilepsy-involved isoforms hCA II and hCA VII, showing low nanomolar affinity. The anticonvulsant activity of selected sulfonamides was assessed using the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (sc-PTZ) in vivo models of epilepsy. These potent CA inhibitors effectively inhibited seizures in both epilepsy models. The most effective compounds showed long duration of action and abolished MES-induced seizures up to 6 h after drug administration. These sulfonamides were found to be orally active anticonvulsants, being nontoxic in neuronal cell lines and in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Universitàdegli Studi di Firenze, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Universitàdegli Studi di Firenze, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Raj Kumar Mongre
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Universitàdegli Studi di Firenze, Florence 50019, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Cakmak EB, Zengin Kurt B, Ozturk Civelek D, Angeli A, Akdemir A, Sonmez F, Supuran CT, Kucukislamoglu M. Quinoline-sulfamoyl carbamates/sulfamide derivatives: Synthesis, cytotoxicity, carbonic anhydrase activity, and molecular modelling studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104778. [PMID: 33684713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX, and XII isoforms are known to be highly expressed in various human tissues and malignancies. CA IX is a prominent target for some cancers because it is overexpressed in hypoxic tumors and this overexpression leads to poor prognosis. Novel twenty-seven compounds in two series (sulfamoylcarbamate-based quinoline (2a-2o) and sulfamide-based quinoline (3a-3l)) were synthesized and characterized by means of IR, NMR, and mass spectra. Their inhibitory activities were evaluated against CA I, CA II, CA IX, and CA XII isoforms. 2-Phenylpropyl (N-(quinolin-8-yl)sulfamoyl)carbamate (2m) exhibited the highest hCA IX inhibition with the Ki of 0.5 µM. In addition, cytotoxic effects of the synthesized compounds on human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29; HTB-38), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7; HTB-22), human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3; CRL-1435) and human healthy skin fibroblast (CCD-986Sk; CRL-1947) cell lines were examined. The cytotoxicity results showed that 2j, 3a, 3e, 3f are most active compounds in all cell lines (HT-29, MCF7, PC3, and CCD-986Sk).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elmas Begum Cakmak
- Sakarya University, Institute of Natural Sciences, 54050 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Belma Zengin Kurt
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Atilla Akdemir
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Computer-aided Drug Discovery Laboratory, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Sonmez
- Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Pamukova Vocational School, 54055 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mustafa Kucukislamoglu
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, 54050 Sakarya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Blandina P, Provensi G, Passsani MB, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase modulation of emotional memory. Implications for the treatment of cognitive disorders. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1206-1214. [PMID: 32401069 PMCID: PMC7269066 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1766455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes which use CO2 as substrate, catalysing its interconversion to bicarbonate and a proton. In humans 15 CAs are expressed, 12 of which are catalytically active: the cytosolic CA I-III, VII, XIII, the membrane-bound CA IV, the mitochondrial CA VA and VB, the secreted CA VI, and the transmembrane CA IX, XII, XIV. Nine isoforms are present in the mammalian brain. Evidence supporting that CA inhibitors impair memory in humans has come from studies on topiramate and acetazolamide during acute high-altitude exposure. In contrast, administration of CA activators in animal models enhances memory and learning. Here we review the involvement of selective CA inhibition/activation in cognition-related disorders. CAs may represent a crucial family of new targets for improving cognition as well as in therapeutic areas, such as phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalised anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorders, for which few efficient therapies are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Blandina
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Passsani
- Department of Health Science, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Petreni A, De Luca V, Scaloni A, Nocentini A, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Anion inhibition studies of the Zn(II)-bound ι-carbonic anhydrase from the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia territorii. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:372-376. [PMID: 33390061 PMCID: PMC7782983 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1867122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia territorii, a Gram-negative bacterium, encodes for the ι-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) BteCAι, which was recently characterised. It acts as a good catalyst for the hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate and protons, with a kcat value of 3.0 × 105 s-1 and kcat/KM value of 3.9 × 107 M-1 s-1. No inhibition data on this new class of enzymes are available to date. We report here an anion and small molecules inhibition study of BteCAι, which we prove to be a zinc(II)- and not manganese(II)-containing enzyme, as reported for diatom ι-CAs. The best inhibitors were sulphamic acid, stannate, phenylarsonic acid, phenylboronic acid and sulfamide (KI values of 6.2-94 µM), whereas diethyldithiocarbamate, tellurate, selenate, bicarbonate and cyanate were submillimolar inhibitors (KI values of 0.71-0.94 mM). The halides (except iodide), thiocyanate, nitrite, nitrate, carbonate, bisulphite, sulphate, hydrogensulfide, peroxydisulfate, selenocyanate, fluorosulfonate and trithiocarbonate showed KI values in the range of 3.1-9.3 mM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Petreni
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy.,Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Kumar S, Rulhania S, Jaswal S, Monga V. Recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 209:112923. [PMID: 33121862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) is an enzyme and a very omnipresent zinc metalloenzyme which catalyzed the reversible hydration and dehydration of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate; a reaction which plays a crucial role in many physiological and pathological processes. Carbonic anhydrase is present in human (h) with sixteen different isoforms ranging from hCA I-hCA XV. All these isoforms are widely distributed in different tissues/organs and are associated with a range of pivotal physiological activities. Due to their involvement in various physiological roles, inhibitors of different human isoforms of carbonic anhydrase have found clinical applications for the treatment of various diseases including glaucoma, retinopathy, hemolytic anemia, epilepsy, obesity, and cancer. However, clinically used inhibitors of CA (acetazolamide, brinzolamide, dorzolamide, etc.) are not selective causing the undesirable side effects. One of the major hurdles in the design and development of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is the lack of balanced isoform selectivity which thrived to new chemotypes. In this review, we have compiled the recent strategies of various researchers related to the development of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors belonging to different structural classes like pyrimidine, pyrazoline, selenourea, isatin, indole, etc. This review also summarizes the structure-activity relationships, analysis of isoform selectivity including mechanistic and in silico studies to afford ideas and to provide focused direction for the design and development of novel isoform-selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Rulhania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shalini Jaswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Urbański LJ, Angeli A, Hytönen VP, Di Fiore A, De Simone G, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Inhibition of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis with sulphonamides. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 36:329-334. [PMID: 33356653 PMCID: PMC7782162 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1863958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulphonamides and their isosteres are classical inhibitors of the carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) metalloenzymes. The protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis encodes two such enzymes belonging to the β-class, TvaCA1 and TvaCA2. Here we report the first sulphonamide inhibition study of TvaCA1, with a series of simple aromatic/heterocyclic primary sulphonamides as well as with clinically approved/investigational drugs for a range of pathologies (diuretics, antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, antiobesity, and antitumor drugs). TvaCA1 was effectively inhibited by acetazolamide and ethoxzolamide, with KIs of 391 and 283 nM, respectively, whereas many other simple or clinically used sulphonamides were micromolar inhibitors or did not efficiently inhibit the enzyme. Finding more effective TvaCA1 inhibitors may constitute an innovative approach for fighting trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection, caused by T. vaginalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Urbański
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Küçükbay H, Gönül Z, Küçükbay FZ, Angeli A, Bartolucci G, Supuran CT. Preparation, carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity of novel 7-amino-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives incorporating mono or dipeptide moiety. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1021-1026. [PMID: 32297533 PMCID: PMC7178833 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1751620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New dipeptide–dihydroquinolinone derivatives were successfully synthesised by benzotriazole mediated nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and analytic techniques. The carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity of the new compounds was determined against four human (h) isoforms, hCA I, hCA II, hCA IX and hCA XII. While all compounds showed moderate to good in vitro CA inhibitory properties against hCA IX and hCA XII with inhibition constants in the micromolar level (37.7–86.8 and 2.0–8.6 µM, respectively), they did not show inhibitory activity against hCA I and hCA II up to 100 µM concentration. The antioxidant capacity of the peptide–dihydroquinolinone conjugates was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Most of the synthesised compounds showed low antioxidant activities compared to the control antioxidant compounds BHA and α-tocopherol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Küçükbay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Gönül
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - F Zehra Küçükbay
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche e Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche e Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche e Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Pustenko A, Nocentini A, Gratteri P, Bonardi A, Vozny I, Žalubovskis R, Supuran CT. The antibiotic furagin and its derivatives are isoform-selective human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1011-1020. [PMID: 32297543 PMCID: PMC7178874 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1752201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinically used antibiotic Furagin and its derivatives possess inhibitory activity on human (h) carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), some of which are highly expressed in various tissues and malignancies (hCA IX/XII). Furagin exhibited good hCA IX and XII inhibition with KIs of 260 and 57 nM, respectively. It does not inhibit off-target CA I and poorly inhibited CA II (KI = 9.6 μM). Some synthesised Furagin derivatives with aminohydantoin moieties as zinc binding group exhibited weak inhibition of CA I/II, and good inhibition of CA IX/XII with KIs ranging from 350 to 7400 and 150 to 5600 nM, respectively. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that selectivity for the cancer-associated CA IX/XII over CA II is due to strong H-bond interactions in CA IX/XII, involving the tail orientated towards hydrophobic area of the active site. These results suggest a possible drug repurposing of Furagin as anti-cancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandrs Pustenko
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.,Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.,Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Igor Vozny
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Chahal V, Nirwan S, Pathak M, Kakkar R. Identification of potent human carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors: a combination of pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR, virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4516-4531. [PMID: 33317405 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1860132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase IX (hCA IX) is a promising target for the development of potential anticancer agents. In the current study, pharmacophore and 3D-QSAR models have been developed using SLC-0111 derivatives. The developed models have been further utilized for the virtual screening process to develop potent hCA IX inhibitors. Thirteen different models have been developed by employing various combinations of training and test set molecules. Based on this, a model, AADDR.135, comprising two H-bond acceptors, two H-bond donors and one aromatic ring, has been found as the best QSAR model. The proposed model exhibits high robustness (R2 = 0.9789), with good predictive ability (Q2 = 0.6872). An external library of drug-like compounds (∼10000 molecules) imported from the ZINC15 database has been screened over the model AADDR.135. In total, 1601 compounds were obtained as hits. Molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the obtained hits and, based on these computations, two unique molecules have been identified as potential hCA IX inhibitors. These show higher binding energies compared to the parent molecule and its most potent analogue.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Chahal
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Nirwan
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mallika Pathak
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Supuran CT. Experimental Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hypoxic Tumors. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:603-617. [PMID: 33364855 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s265620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms IX and XII are overexpressed in many hypoxic tumors as a consequence of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) activation cascade, being present in limited amounts in normal tissues. These enzymes together with many others are involved in the pH regulation and metabolism of hypoxic cancer cells, and were validated as antitumor targets recently. A multitude of targeting strategies against these enzymes have been proposed and are reviewed in this article. The small molecule inhibitors, small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADACs) or cytokine-drug conjugates but not the monoclonal antibodies against CA IX/XII will be discussed. Relevant synthetic chemistry efforts, coupled with a multitude of preclinical studies, demonstrated that CA IX/XII inhibition leads to the inhibition of growth of primary tumors and metastases and depletes cancer stem cell populations, all factors highly relevant in clinical settings. One small molecule inhibitor, sulfonamide SLC-0111, is the most advanced candidate, having completed Phase I and being now in Phase Ib/II clinical trials for the treatment of advanced hypoxic solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Angeli A, Prete SD, Ghobril C, Hitce J, Clavaud C, Marrat X, Donald WA, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Activation studies of the β-carbonic anhydrases from Malassezia restricta with amines and amino acids. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:824-830. [PMID: 32216477 PMCID: PMC7170391 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1743284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from the genome of the opportunistic pathogen Malassezia restricta (MreCA), which was recently cloned and characterised, herein has been investigated for enzymatic activation by a panel of amines and amino acids. Of the 24 compounds tested in this study, the most effective MreCA activators were L-adrenaline (KA of 15 nM), 2-aminoethyl-piperazine/morpholine (KAs of 0.25-0.33 µM), histamine, L-4-amino-phenylalanine, D-Phe, L-/D-DOPA, and L-/D-Trp (KAs of 0.32 - 0.90 µM). The least effective activators were L-/D-Tyr, L-Asp, L-/D-Glu, and L-His, with activation constants ranging between 4.04 and 12.8 µM. As MreCA is involved in dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis, these results are of interest to identify modulators of the activity of enzymes involved in the metabolic processes of such fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Julien Hitce
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Cécile Clavaud
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Xavier Marrat
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - William A. Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Brichet J, Arancibia R, Berrino E, Supuran CT. Bioorganometallic derivatives of 4-hydrazino-benzenesulphonamide as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:622-628. [PMID: 32037900 PMCID: PMC7034112 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1724995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of bio-organometallic-hydrazones of the general formula [{(η5-C5H4)-C(R)=N-N(H)-C6H4-4-SO2NH2}]MLn(MLn = Re(CO)3, Mn(CO)3, FeCp; R=H, CH3) were prepared by reaction of formyl/acetyl organometallic precursors with 4-hydrazino-benzenesulphonamide. All compounds were characterized by conventional spectroscopic techniques (infra-red, 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis). Biological evaluation as carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors agents was carried out using four human/h) isoforms, hCA I, II, IX and XII. The cytosolic isoforms hCA I and II were effectively inhibited by almost all derivatives with inhibition constants of 1.7-22.4 nM. Similar effects were observed for the tumour-associated transmembrane isoform hCA XII (KIs of 1.9-24.4 nM). hCA IX was less sensitive to inhibition with these compounds. The presence of bio-organometallic or metallo-carbonyl moieties in the molecules of these CAIs makes them amenable for interesting pharmacologic applications, for example for compounds with CO donating properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Brichet
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Organometálica, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Arancibia
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Organometálica, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Emanuela Berrino
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Oguz M, Kalay E, Akocak S, Nocentini A, Lolak N, Boga M, Yilmaz M, Supuran CT. Synthesis of calix[4]azacrown substituted sulphonamides with antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory action. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1215-1223. [PMID: 32401067 PMCID: PMC7269057 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1765166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel calix[4]azacrown substituted sulphonamide Schiff bases was synthesised by the reaction of calix[4]azacrown aldehydes with different substituted primary and secondary sulphonamides. The obtained novel compounds were investigated as inhibitors of six human (h) isoforms of carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). Their antioxidant profile was assayed by various bioanalytical methods. The calix[4]azacrown substituted sulphonamide Schiff bases were also investigated as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase enzymes, associated with several diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and pigmentation disorders. The new sulphonamides showed low to moderate inhibition against hCAs, AChE, BChE, and tyrosinase enzymes. However, some of them possessed relevant antioxidant activity, comparable with standard antioxidants used in the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Oguz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Advanced Material and Nanotechnology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Erbay Kalay
- Kars Vocational School, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Nebih Lolak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Boga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Irfan A, Batool F, Zahra Naqvi SA, Islam A, Osman SM, Nocentini A, Alissa SA, Supuran CT. Benzothiazole derivatives as anticancer agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:265-279. [PMID: 31790602 PMCID: PMC6896476 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1698036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzothiazole (BTA) belongs to the heterocyclic class of bicyclic compounds. BTA derivatives possesses broad spectrum biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic, anti-convulsant, analgesic, anti-tubercular, antimalarial, anti-leishmanial, anti-histaminic and anti-fungal among others. The BTA scaffolds showed a crucial role in the inhibition of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA). In this review an extensive literature survey over the last decade discloses the role of BTA derivatives mainly as anticancer agents. Such compounds are effective against various types of cancer cell lines through a multitude of mechanisms, some of which are poorly studied or understood. The inhibition of tumour associated CAs by BTA derivatives is on the other hand better investigated and such compounds may serve as anticancer leads for the development of agents effective against hypoxic tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lahore, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Batool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lahore, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Amjad Islam
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sameh M. Osman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Siham A. Alissa
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Soydan E, Olcay AC, Bilir G, Taş Ö, Şentürk M, Ekinci D, Supuran CT. Investigation of pesticides on honey bee carbonic anhydrase inhibition. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1923-1927. [PMID: 33078633 PMCID: PMC7594722 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1835885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) plays crucial physiological roles in many different organisms, such as in pH regulation, ion transport, and metabolic processes. CA was isolated from the European bee Apis mellifera (AmCA) spermatheca and inhibitory effects of pesticides belonging to various classes, such as carbamates, thiophosphates, and pyrethroids, were investigated herein. The inhibitory effects of methomyl, oxamyl, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and diazinon on AmCA were analysed. These pesticides showed effective in vitro inhibition of the enzyme, at sub-micromolar levels. The IC50 values for these pesticides ranged between of 0.0023 and 0.0385 μM. The CA inhibition mechanism with these compounds is unknown at the moment, but most of them contain ester functionalities which may be hydrolysed by the enzyme with the formation of intermediates that can either react with amino acid residues or bid to the zinc ion from the active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Soydan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Can Olcay
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Bilir
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ömer Taş
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Şentürk
- Pharmacy Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ekinci
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Küçükbay H, Buğday N, Küçükbay FZ, Ageli A, Bartolucci G, Supuran CT. Synthesis and human carbonic anhydrase I, II, VA, and XII inhibition with novel amino acid-sulphonamide conjugates. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:489-497. [PMID: 31914827 PMCID: PMC6968503 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1710503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of amino acid-sulphonamide conjugates was prepared through benzotriazole mediated coupling reactions and characterised by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, and FTIR spectroscopic techniques as well as elemental analysis. The carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity of the new compounds was determined against four human (h) isoforms, hCA I, hCA II, hCA VA, and hCA XII. Most of the synthesised compounds showed effective in vitro CA inhibitory properties. The new amino acid-sulphonamide conjugates showed potent inhibitory activity against hCA II, some of them at subnanomolar levels, exhibiting more effective inhibitory activity compared to the standard drug acetazolamide. Some of these sulphonamides were also found to be effective inhibitors of hCA I, hCA VA, and hCA XII, with activity from the low to high nanomolar range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Küçükbay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Buğday
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - F. Zehra Küçükbay
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Andrea Ageli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Alissa SA, Alghulikah HA, Alothman ZA, Osman SM, Del Prete S, Capasso C, Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Phosphonamidates are the first phosphorus-based zinc binding motif to show inhibition of β-class carbonic anhydrases from bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:59-64. [PMID: 31663383 PMCID: PMC6830296 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1681987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance is the identification of novel therapeutic targets and anti-infectives with alternative mechanisms of action. The inhibition of the metalloenzymes carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) was shown to produce an impairment of the microorganism growth and virulence. As phosphonamidates have been recently validated as human α-CA inhibitors (CAIs) and no phosphorus-based zinc-binding group have been assessed to date against β-class CAs, herein we report an inhibition study with this class of compounds against β-CAs from pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Our data suggest that phosphonamidates are among the CAIs with the best selectivity for β-class over human isozymes, making them interesting leads for the development of new anti-infectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siham A. Alissa
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan A. Alghulikah
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid A. Alothman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh M. Osman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Durgun M, Türkeş C, Işık M, Demir Y, Saklı A, Kuru A, Güzel A, Beydemir Ş, Akocak S, Osman SM, AlOthman Z, Supuran CT. Synthesis, characterisation, biological evaluation and in silico studies of sulphonamide Schiff bases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:950-962. [PMID: 32249705 PMCID: PMC7170330 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1746784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulphonamides are biologically important compounds with low toxicity, many bioactivities and cost-effectiveness. Eight sulphonamide derivatives were synthesised and characterised by FT-IR, 13C NMR, 1H NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis. Their inhibitory effect on AChE, and carbonic anhydrase I and II enzyme activities was investigated. Their antioxidant activity was determined using different bioanalytical assays such as radical scavenging tests with ABTS•+, and DPPH•+ as well as metal-reducing abilities with CUPRAC, and FRAP assays. All compounds showed satisfactory enzyme inhibitory potency in nanomolar concentrations against AChE and CA isoforms with KI values ranging from 10.14 ± 0.03 to 100.58 ± 1.90 nM. Amine group containing derivatives showed high metal reduction activity and about 70% ABTS radical scavenging activity. Due to their antioxidant activity and AChE inhibition, these novel compounds may be considered as leads for investigations in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Durgun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Ali Saklı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Ali Kuru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Abdussamat Güzel
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Sameh M. Osman
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Mansoldo FRP, Carta F, Angeli A, Cardoso VDS, Supuran CT, Vermelho AB. Chagas Disease: Perspectives on the Past and Present and Challenges in Drug Discovery. Molecules 2020; 25:E5483. [PMID: 33238613 PMCID: PMC7700143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease still has no effective treatment option for all of its phases despite being discovered more than 100 years ago. The development of commercial drugs has been stagnating since the 1960s, a fact that sheds light on the question of how drug discovery research has progressed and taken advantage of technological advances. Could it be that technological advances have not yet been sufficient to resolve this issue or is there a lack of protocol, validation and standardization of the data generated by different research teams? This work presents an overview of commercial drugs and those that have been evaluated in studies and clinical trials so far. A brief review is made of recent target-based and phenotypic studies based on the search for molecules with anti-Trypanosoma cruzi action. It also discusses how proteochemometric (PCM) modeling and microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) can help in the case of the lack of a 3D protein structure; more specifically, Trypanosoma cruzi carbonic anhydrase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Raposo Passos Mansoldo
- BIOINOVAR-Biocatalysis, Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (F.R.P.M.); (V.d.S.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (F.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (F.C.); (A.A.)
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Veronica da Silva Cardoso
- BIOINOVAR-Biocatalysis, Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (F.R.P.M.); (V.d.S.C.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (F.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Alane Beatriz Vermelho
- BIOINOVAR-Biocatalysis, Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (F.R.P.M.); (V.d.S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
El-Azab AS, Abdel-Aziz AAM, Bua S, Nocentini A, AlSaif NA, Alanazi MM, El-Gendy MA, Ahmed HEA, Supuran CT. S-substituted 2-mercaptoquinazolin-4(3H)-one and 4-ethylbenzensulfonamides act as potent and selective human carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:733-743. [PMID: 32189526 PMCID: PMC7144323 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1742117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the hCA (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity of novel 4-(2-(2-substituted-thio-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)ethyl)benzenesulfonamides (compounds 2–20) towards the isoforms I, II, IX, and XII. hCA Isoforms were effectively inhibited by most of new compounds comparable to those of AAZ. Compounds 2 and 4 showed interestingly efficient and selective antitumor (hCA IX and hCA XII) inhibitor activities (KIs; 40.7, 13.0, and 8.0, 10.8 nM, respectively). Compounds 4 and 5 showed selective hCA IX inhibitory activity over hCA I (SI; 95 and 24), hCA IX/hCA II (SI; 23 and 5.8) and selective hCA XII inhibitory activity over hCA I (SI; 70 and 44), hCA XII/hCA II, (SI; 17 and 10) respectively compared to AAZ. Compounds 12–17, and 19–20 showed selective inhibitory activity towards hCA IX over hCA I and hCA II, with selectivity ranges of 27–195 and 3.2–19, respectively, while compounds 12, 14–17, and 19 exhibited selective inhibition towards hCA XII over hCA I and hCA II, with selectivity ratios of 48–158 and 5.4–31 respectively, compared to AAZ. Molecular docking analysis was carried out to investigate the selective interactions among the most active derivatives, 17 and 20 and hCAs isoenzymes. Compounds 17 and 20, which are highly selective CA IX and XII inhibitors, exhibited excellent interaction within the putative binding site of both enzymes, comparable to the co-crystallized inhibitors.Highlights Quinazoline-linked ethylbenzenesulfonamides inhibiting CA were synthesised. The new molecules potently inhibited the hCA isoforms I, II, IV, and IX. Compounds 4 and 5 were found to be selective hCA IX/hCA I and hCA IX/hCA II inhibitors. Compounds 4 and 5 were found to be selective hCA XII/hCA I and hCA XII/hCA II inhibitors. Compounds 12–17, 19, and 20 were found to be selective hCA IX/hCA I and hCA IX/hCA II inhibitors. Compounds 12, 14–17, 19 were found to be selective hCA XII/hCA I and hCA XII/hCA II inhibitors.
Graphical Abstract Compounds 4 and 5 are selective hCA IX and XII inhibitors over hCA I (selectivity ratios of 95, 23, and 24, 5.8, respectively) and hCA II (selectivity ratios of 70, 17, and 44, 10 respectively). Compounds 12–17, and 19–20 are selective hCA IX inhibitors over hCA I (selectivity ratios of 27-195) and hCA II (selectivity ratios of 3.2-19). Compounds 12, 14–17 and 19 are also selective hCA XII inhibitors over hCA I (selectivity ratios of 48-158) and hCA II (selectivity ratios of 5.4-31).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel S El-Azab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A-M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Silvia Bua
- Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Nawaf A AlSaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal A El-Gendy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany E A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Cuffaro D, Nuti E, Rossello A. An overview of carbohydrate-based carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1906-1922. [PMID: 33078634 PMCID: PMC7717713 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1825409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are metalloenzymes responsible for the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate, a fundamental reaction involved in various physiological and pathological processes. In the last decades, CAs have been considered as important drug targets for different pathologies such as glaucoma, epilepsy and cancer. The design of potent and selective inhibitors has been an outstanding goal leading to the discovery of new drugs. Among the different strategies developed to date, the design of carbohydrate-based CA inhibitors (CAIs) has emerged as a versatile tool in order to selectively target CAs. The insertion of a glycosyl moiety as a hydrophilic tail in sulfonamide, sulfenamide, sulfamate or coumarin scaffolds allowed the discovery of many different series of sugar-based CAIs, with relevant inhibitory results. This review will focus on carbohydrate-based CAIs developed so far, classifying them in glycosidic and glycoconjugated inhibitors based on the conjugation chemistry adopted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Nuti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Luchinat E, Barbieri L, Cremonini M, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Banci L. Intracellular Binding/Unbinding Kinetics of Approved Drugs to Carbonic Anhydrase II Observed by in-Cell NMR. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2792-2800. [PMID: 32955851 PMCID: PMC7735671 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Candidate
drugs rationally designed in vitro often
fail due to low efficacy in vivo caused by low tissue
availability or because of unwanted side effects. To overcome the
limitations of in vitro rational drug design, the
binding of candidate drugs to their target needs to be evaluated in
the cellular context. Here, we applied in-cell NMR to investigate
the binding of a set of approved drugs to the isoform II of carbonic
anhydrase (CA) in living human cells. Some compounds were originally
developed toward other targets and were later found to inhibit CAs.
We observed strikingly different dose- and time-dependent binding,
wherein some drugs exhibited a more complex behavior than others.
Specifically, some compounds were shown to gradually unbind from intracellular
CA II, even in the presence of free compound in the external medium,
therefore preventing the quantitative formation of a stable protein–ligand
complex. Such observations could be correlated to the known off-target
binding activity of these compounds, suggesting that this approach
could provide information on the pharmacokinetic profiles of lead
candidates at the early stages of multitarget drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Luchinat
- CERM − Magnetic Resonance Center, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase − CSGI, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Letizia Barbieri
- CERM − Magnetic Resonance Center, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Cremonini
- CERM − Magnetic Resonance Center, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Banci
- CERM − Magnetic Resonance Center, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Angeli A, Carta F, Nocentini A, Winum JY, Zalubovskis R, Akdemir A, Onnis V, Eldehna WM, Capasso C, Simone GD, Monti SM, Carradori S, Donald WA, Dedhar S, Supuran CT. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Targeting Metabolism and Tumor Microenvironment. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100412. [PMID: 33066524 PMCID: PMC7602163 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is crucial for the growth of cancer cells, triggering particular biochemical and physiological changes, which frequently influence the outcome of anticancer therapies. The biochemical rationale behind many of these phenomena resides in the activation of transcription factors such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and 2 (HIF-1/2). In turn, the HIF pathway activates a number of genes including those involved in glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, and pH regulation. Several carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms, such as CA IX and XII, actively participate in these processes and were validated as antitumor/antimetastatic drug targets. Here, we review the field of CA inhibitors (CAIs), which selectively inhibit the cancer-associated CA isoforms. Particular focus was on the identification of lead compounds and various inhibitor classes, and the measurement of CA inhibitory on-/off-target effects. In addition, the preclinical data that resulted in the identification of SLC-0111, a sulfonamide in Phase Ib/II clinical trials for the treatment of hypoxic, advanced solid tumors, are detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- IBMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34296 Montpellier, France;
| | - Raivis Zalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006 Riga, Latvia, Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3/7 Paula Valdena Str., 1048 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Atilla Akdemir
- Computer-aided Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul 34093, Turkey;
| | - Valentina Onnis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. n° 8, Km 0.700, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources—National Research Council, via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages—National Research Council, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.D.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages—National Research Council, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.D.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - William A. Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, 1466 Sydney, Australia;
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Urbański LJ, Angeli A, Hytönen VP, Di Fiore A, Parkkila S, De Simone G, Supuran CT. Inhibition of the newly discovered β‑carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis with inorganic anions and small molecules. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 213:111274. [PMID: 33068968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis encodes two carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) belonging to the β-class. One of these enzymes, T. vaginalis carbonic anhydrase 1 (TvaCA1), was recently cloned and characterized by our group, and its X-ray crystal structure reported. No inhibitors of this enzyme were reported up until now. Here we investigated the inhibition of TvaCA1 with inorganic anions and small molecules and observed that thiocyanate, cyanide, selenite, selenocyanate and divanadate are sub-millimolar inhibitors, whereas sulfamide, sulfate, phenylboronic acid and phenylarsonic acid are micromolar inhibitors. Finding effective TvaCA1 inhibitors may be useful for developing new antiprotozoan drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Urbański
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Ltd., Arvo Ylpön katu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Ltd., Arvo Ylpön katu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Bouzina A, Berredjem M, Nocentini A, Bua S, Bouaziz Z, Jose J, Le Borgne M, Marminon C, Gratteri P, Supuran CT. Ninhydrins inhibit carbonic anhydrases directly binding to the metal ion. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112875. [PMID: 33059188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ninhydrins show extensive application in organic chemistry and agriculture whereas they have been poorly investigated as bioactive molecules for medicinal chemistry purposes. A series of ninhydrin derivatives was here investigated for the inhibition of human carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1), based on earlier evidence that gem diols are able to coordinate the metal ion from the CA active site. Ninhydrins demonstrated a micromolar inhibitory action against CA I and IX (KIs in the range 0.57-68.2 μM) and up to a nanomolar efficacy against CA II and VII (KIs in the range 0.025-78.2 μM), validated isoforms as targets in several CNS-related diseases. CA IV was instead weakly or poorly inhibited. A computational protocol based on docking, MM-GBSA and metadynamics calculations was used to elucidate the putative binding mode of this type of inhibitors to CA II and CA VII. The findings of this study testify that such pharmacologically underestimated ligands may represent interesting lead compounds for the development of CA inhibitors possessing an innovative mechanism of action, i.e., mono- or bis-coordination to the zinc ion through the diol moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdeslem Bouzina
- EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie-ISPB, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453-INSERM US7, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, F-69373, Lyon Cedex 8, France; Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar-Annaba University, Box 12, Annaba, 23000, Algeria
| | - Malika Berredjem
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar-Annaba University, Box 12, Annaba, 23000, Algeria
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Zouhair Bouaziz
- EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie-ISPB, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453-INSERM US7, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, F-69373, Lyon Cedex 8, France
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westfälische WilhelmsUniverstität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marc Le Borgne
- EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie-ISPB, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453-INSERM US7, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, F-69373, Lyon Cedex 8, France; Small Molecules for Biological Targets Team, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Christelle Marminon
- EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie-ISPB, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453-INSERM US7, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, F-69373, Lyon Cedex 8, France; Small Molecules for Biological Targets Team, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, 69373, France.
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Bilginer S, Gul HI, Anil B, Demir Y, Gulcin I. Synthesis and in silico studies of triazene-substituted sulfamerazine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrases inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000243. [PMID: 32984993 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of sulfonamides, 4-(3-phenyltriaz-1-en-1-yl)-N-(4-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamides (1-9), was designed and synthesized by the diazo reaction between sulfamerazine and substituted aromatic amines for the first time. Their chemical structures were characterized by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13 C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectra. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in terms of acetylcholineasterase (AChE) and human carbonic anhydrases (hCA) I and II isoenzymes inhibitory activities. According to the AChE inhibition results, the Ki values of the compounds 1-9 were in the range of 19.9 ± 1.5 to 96.5 ± 20.7 nM against AChE. Tacrine was used as the reference drug and its Ki value was 49.2 ± 2.7 nM against AChE. The Ki values of the compounds 1-9 were in the range of 10.2 ± 2.6 to 101.4 ± 27.8 nM against hCA I, whereas they were 18.3 ± 4.4 to 48.1 ± 4.5 nM against hCA II. Acetazolamide was used as a reference drug and its Ki values were 72.2 ± 5.4 and 52.2 ± 5.7 nM against hCA I and hCA II, respectively. The most active compounds, 1 (nonsubstituted) against AChE, 5 (4-ethoxy-substituted) against hCA I, and 8 (4-bromo-substituted) against hCA II, were chosen and docked at the binding sites of these enzymes to explain the inhibitory activities of the series. The newly synthesized compounds presented satisfactory pharmacokinetic properties via the estimation of ADME properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Bilginer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Halise I Gul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Baris Anil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Ilhami Gulcin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Zoppi C, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Pratesi A, Messori L. Native mass spectrometry of human carbonic anhydrase I and its inhibitor complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:979-993. [PMID: 32926233 PMCID: PMC7584553 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Native mass spectrometry is a potent technique to study and characterize biomacromolecules in their native state. Here, we have applied this method to explore the solution chemistry of human carbonic anhydrase I (hCA I) and its interactions with four different inhibitors, namely three sulfonamide inhibitors (AAZ, MZA, SLC-0111) and the dithiocarbamate derivative of morpholine (DTC). Through high-resolution ESI-Q-TOF measurements, the native state of hCA I and the binding of the above inhibitors were characterized in the molecular detail. Native mass spectrometry was also exploited to assess the direct competition in solution among the various inhibitors in relation to their affinity constants. Additional studies were conducted on the interaction of hCA I with the metallodrug auranofin, under various solution and instrumental conditions. Auranofin is a selective reagent for solvent-accessible free cysteine residues, and its reactivity was analyzed also in the presence of CA inhibitors. Overall, our investigation reveals that native mass spectrometry represents an excellent tool to characterize the solution behavior of carbonic anhydrase. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00775-020-01818-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Zoppi
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luigi Messori
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
New Hybrids of 4-Amino-2,3-polymethylene-quinoline and p-Tolylsulfonamide as Dual Inhibitors of Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinesterase and Potential Multifunctional Agents for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173915. [PMID: 32867324 PMCID: PMC7504258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
New hybrid compounds of 4-amino-2,3-polymethylene-quinoline containing different sizes of the aliphatic ring and linked to p-tolylsulfonamide with alkylene spacers of increasing length were synthesized as potential drugs for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). All compounds were potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with selectivity toward BChE. The lead compound 4-methyl-N-(5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-acridin-9-ylamino)-pentyl)-benzenesulfonamide (7h) exhibited an IC50 (AChE) = 0.131 ± 0.01 µM (five times more potent than tacrine), IC50(BChE) = 0.0680 ± 0.0014 µM, and 17.5 ± 1.5% propidium displacement at 20 µM. The compounds possessed low activity against carboxylesterase, indicating a likely absence of unwanted drug-drug interactions in clinical use. Kinetics studies were consistent with mixed-type reversible inhibition of both cholinesterases. Molecular docking demonstrated dual binding sites of the conjugates in AChE and clarified the differences in the structure-activity relationships for AChE and BChE inhibition. The conjugates could bind to the AChE peripheral anionic site and displace propidium, indicating their potential to block AChE-induced β-amyloid aggregation, thereby exerting a disease-modifying effect. All compounds demonstrated low antioxidant activity. Computational ADMET profiles predicted that all compounds would have good intestinal absorption, medium blood-brain barrier permeability, and medium cardiac toxicity risk. Overall, the results indicate that the novel conjugates show promise for further development and optimization as multitarget anti-AD agents.
Collapse
|
87
|
Grandāne A, Nocentini A, Domračeva I, Žalubovskis R, Supuran CT. Development of oxathiino[6,5-b]pyridine 2,2-dioxide derivatives as selective inhibitors of tumor-related carbonic anhydrases IX and XII. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112300. [PMID: 32460112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxathiino[6,5-b]pyridine 2,2-dioxides are identified as a new class of isoform-selective nanomolar inhibitors of tumor associated human carbonic anhydrases (hCA) IX and XII. At the same time they do not inhibit or poorly inhibit cytosolic isoforms hCA I and II. Oxathiino[6,5-b]pyridine 2,2-dioxides exhibited good antiproliferative properties on tumor cell lines MCF-7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma), A549 (human lung (alveolar) adenocarcinoma) and HeLa (epithelioid cervix carcinoma).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiga Grandāne
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Ilona Domračeva
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia; Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3/7 Paula Valdena Str., Riga, 1048, Latvia.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Bonardi A, Nocentini A, Bua S, Combs J, Lomelino C, Andring J, Lucarini L, Sgambellone S, Masini E, McKenna R, Gratteri P, Supuran CT. Sulfonamide Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrases Designed through a Three-Tails Approach: Improving Ligand/Isoform Matching and Selectivity of Action. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7422-7444. [PMID: 32519851 PMCID: PMC8008423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The “tail
approach” has become a milestone in human
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (hCAI) design for various therapeutics,
including antiglaucoma agents. Besides the classical hydrophobic/hydrophilic
division of hCAs active site, several subpockets have been identified
at the middle/outer active sites rim, which could be targeted to increase
the CAI isoform selectivity. This postulate is explored here by three-tailed
benzenesulfonamide CAIs (TTI) to fully exploit such amino
acid differences among hCAs. In this proof-of-concept study, an extensive
structure–activity relationship (SAR) study was carried out
with 32 such benzenesulfonamides differing in tails combination that
were assayed for hCAs I, II, IV, and XII inhibition. A structural
study was undertaken by X-ray crystallography and in silico tools to assess the ligand/target interaction mode. The most active
and selective inhibitors against isoforms implicated in glaucoma were
assessed in a rabbit model of the disease achieving an intraocular
pressure-lowering action comparable to the clinically used dorzolamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonardi
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence Italy.,Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence Italy.,Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence Italy
| | - Jacob Combs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Carrie Lomelino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Jacob Andring
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Laura Lucarini
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Sgambellone
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence Italy.,Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence Italy
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Swain B, Angeli A, Singh P, Supuran CT, Arifuddin M. New coumarin/sulfocoumarin linked phenylacrylamides as selective transmembrane carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Synthesis and in-vitro biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115586. [PMID: 32631564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two novel series of phenylacrylamide linked coumarins and sulfocoumarins (6a-p, 8a-i, and 14a-g) were synthesized and evaluated against four physiologically relevant human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs, EC 4.2.1.1), isoforms hCA I, hCA II, hCA IX and hCA XII for their inhibitory action. All new compounds when screened for carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity have shown selective inhibition towards the tumor associated isoforms hCA IX and XII over CA I and II, with inhibition constants in the submicromolar to low nanomolar range. Compound 6b and 14g exhibited significant inhibition with low nanomolar potency against hCA IX, whereas 6k was effective against hCA XII. Compounds 6b, 14g and 6k may be considered as lead molecules for future development of cancer therapeutics based on a novel mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baijayantimala Swain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto, Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto, Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mohammed Arifuddin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India; Department of Chemistry, Anwarul Uloom College, 11-3-918, New Malleypally, Hyderabad 500001, T. S., India.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Işık M, Akocak S, Lolak N, Taslimi P, Türkeş C, Gülçin İ, Durgun M, Beydemir Ş. Synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation, and in silico studies of novel 1,3‐diaryltriazene‐substituted sulfathiazole derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000102. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Işık
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health ServicesHarran UniversityŞanlıurfa Turkey
| | - Süleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyAdıyaman UniversityAdıyaman Turkey
| | - Nabih Lolak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyAdıyaman UniversityAdıyaman Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of ScienceBartın UniversityBartın Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of PharmacyErzincan Binali Yıldırım UniversityErzincan Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAtatürk UniversityErzurum Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durgun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and SciencesHarran UniversityŞanlıurfa Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of PharmacyAnadolu UniversityEskişehir Turkey
- The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali UniversityBilecik Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Janoniene A, Petrikaite V. In Search of Advanced Tumor Diagnostics and Treatment: Achievements and Perspectives of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Targeted Delivery. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1800-1815. [PMID: 32374612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The research of how cells sense and adapt the oxygen deficiency has been recognized as worth winning a Nobel Prize in 2019. Understanding hypoxia-driven molecular machinery paved a path for novel strategies in fighting hypoxia-related diseases including cancer. The oxygen depletion inside the tumor provokes HIF-1 dependent gene and protein expression which helps the tumor to survive. For this reason, tumor related molecules are in the spotlight for scientists developing anticancer agents. One such target is carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX)-a protein located on the outer cell membrane of most hypoxic tumor cells. This offers the opportunity to exploit it as a target for delivery of cytotoxic drugs, dyes, or radioisotopes to cancer cells. Therefore, researchers investigate CA IX specific small molecules and antibodies as tumor-targeting moieties in nanosystems and conjugates which are expected to overcome the limitations of some existing diagnostic and treatment strategies. This review covers the vast majority of CA IX-targeted systems (nanoparticle and conjugate based) for both therapeutic and imaging purposes published up to now. Furthermore, it shows their stage of development and gives an assessment of their clinical translation possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agne Janoniene
- Vilnius University Life Science Center, Institute of Biotechnology, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaite
- Vilnius University Life Science Center, Institute of Biotechnology, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiology, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Nocentini A, Alterio V, Bua S, Micheli L, Esposito D, Buonanno M, Bartolucci G, Osman SM, ALOthman ZA, Cirilli R, Pierini M, Monti SM, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Gratteri P, Ghelardini C, De Simone G, Supuran CT. Phenyl(thio)phosphon(amid)ate Benzenesulfonamides as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrases II and VII Counteract Allodynia in a Mouse Model of Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5185-5200. [PMID: 32364386 PMCID: PMC8007106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms II and VII are implicated in neuronal excitation, seizures, and neuropathic pain (NP). Their selective inhibition over off-target CAs is expected to produce an anti-NP action devoid of side effects due to promiscuous CA modulation. Here, a drug design strategy based on the observation of (dis)similarities between the target CA active sites was planned with benzenesulfonamide derivatives and, for the first time, a phosphorus-based linker. Potent and selective CA II/VII inhibitors were identified among the synthesized phenyl(thio)phosphon(amid)ates 3-22. X-ray crystallography depicted the binding mode of phosphonic acid 3 to both CAs II and VII. The most promising derivatives, after evaluation of their stability in acidic media, were tested in a mouse model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy. The most potent compound racemic mixture was subjected to HPLC enantioseparation, and the identification of the eutomer, the (S)-enantiomer, allowed to halve the dose totally relieving allodynia in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Alterio
- Istituto
di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Davide Esposito
- Istituto
di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Istituto
di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sameh M. Osman
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid A. ALOthman
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Centro
nazionale per il controllo e la valutazione dei farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pierini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza
University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Istituto
di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Istituto
di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Meleddu R, Distinto S, Cottiglia F, Angius R, Caboni P, Angeli A, Melis C, Deplano S, Alcaro S, Ortuso F, Supuran CT, Maccioni E. New Dihydrothiazole Benzensulfonamides: Looking for Selectivity toward Carbonic Anhydrase Isoforms I, II, IX, and XII. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:852-856. [PMID: 32435395 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the structure-activity relationships of a new series of 4-[(3-ethyl-4-aryl-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene)amino]benzene-1-sulfonamides (EMAC10101a-m). All synthesized compounds, with the exception of compound EMAC10101k, preferentially inhibit off-target hCA II isoform. Within the series, compound EMAC10101d, bearing a 2,4-dichorophenyl substituent in position 4 of the dihydrothiazole ring, was the most potent and selective toward hCA II with an inhibitory activity in the low nanomolar range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Meleddu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Distinto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Filippo Cottiglia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rossella Angius
- Laboratorio NMR e Tecnologie Bioanalitiche, Sardegna Ricerche, 09010 Pula, CA, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Melis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Serenella Deplano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Graecia di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Graecia di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Elias Maccioni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
La Regina G, Puxeddu M, Nalli M, Vullo D, Gratteri P, Supuran CT, Nocentini A, Silvestri R. Discovery of New 1,1'-Biphenyl-4-sulfonamides as Selective Subnanomolar Human Carbonic Anhydrase II Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:633-637. [PMID: 32435363 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the synthesis and human carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory properties of a series of 4'-substituted 1,1'-biphenyl-4-sulfonamides incorporating a 2″- or 3″-amino- or carboxyphenyl unit. Most compounds showed significant variations in their inhibition profiles against CA II and IX when compared to previously reported analogs 12-18 bearing a 4″-amino or a 4″-carboxy group. In particular, compounds 1-11 showed considerable improvement of the CA II inhibitory efficacy with K I values in the subnanomolar range (K Is spanning between 0.57 and 31.0 nM), a drop of activity against CA IX (K Is in the range 92.0 to 555.7 nM) and were as potent as 12-18 toward CA I (K Is in the range 5.9-217.7 nM). Docking and molecular dynamics were used to gain insights on the inhibition profiles. The reported inhibition data show that 1-11 have potential as novel agents to treat ocular pathologies, such as glaucoma, because of the potent and selective targeting of CA II, which is the isoform most implicated in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Regina
- Laboratory affiliated to Istitut Pasteur Italy − Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Puxeddu
- Laboratory affiliated to Istitut Pasteur Italy − Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nalli
- Laboratory affiliated to Istitut Pasteur Italy − Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- NEUROFARBA Department − Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- NEUROFARBA Department − Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu Trandafir Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department − Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department − Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- NEUROFARBA Department − Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory affiliated to Istitut Pasteur Italy − Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Hargunani P, Tadge N, Ceruso M, Leitans J, Kazaks A, Tars K, Gratteri P, Supuran CT, Nocentini A, Toraskar MP. Aryl-4,5-dihydro-1 H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide Derivatives Bearing a Sulfonamide Moiety Show Single-digit Nanomolar-to-Subnanomolar Inhibition Constants against the Tumor-associated Human Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072621. [PMID: 32283813 PMCID: PMC7177888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new 3-phenyl-5-aryl-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide derivatives was designed here, synthesized, and studied for carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity against the human (h) isozymes I, II, and VII (cytosolic, off-target isoforms), and IX and XII (anticancer drug targets). Generally, CA I was not effectively inhibited, whereas effective inhibitors were identified against both CAs II (KIs in the range of 5.2–233 nM) and VII (KIs in the range of 2.3–350 nM). Nonetheless, CAs IX and XII were the most susceptible isoforms to this class of inhibitors. In particular, compounds bearing an unsubstituted phenyl ring at the pyrazoline 3 position showed 1.3–1.5 nM KIs against CA IX. In contrast, a subset of derivatives having a 4-halo-phenyl at the same position of the aromatic scaffold even reached subnanomolar KIs against CA XII (0.62–0.99 nM). Docking studies with CA IX and XII were used to shed light on the derivative binding mode driving the preferential inhibition of the tumor-associated CAs. The identified potent and selective CA IX/XII inhibitors are of interest as leads for the development of new anticancer strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Hargunani
- Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai 400 614, India; (P.H.); (N.T.)
| | - Nikhil Tadge
- Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai 400 614, India; (P.H.); (N.T.)
| | - Mariangela Ceruso
- Neurofarba Dept., Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.C.); (P.G.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Janis Leitans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ratsupites 1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.L.); (A.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Andris Kazaks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ratsupites 1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.L.); (A.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ratsupites 1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.L.); (A.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Neurofarba Dept., Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.C.); (P.G.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Dept., Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.C.); (P.G.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Dept., Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.C.); (P.G.); (C.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.P.T.)
| | - Mrunmayee P. Toraskar
- Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai 400 614, India; (P.H.); (N.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.P.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Ali M, Bozdag M, Farooq U, Angeli A, Carta F, Berto P, Zanotti G, Supuran CT. Benzylaminoethyureido-Tailed Benzenesulfonamides: Design, Synthesis, Kinetic and X-ray Investigations on Human Carbonic Anhydrases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2560. [PMID: 32272689 PMCID: PMC7177897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A drug design strategy of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) belonging to sulfonamides incorporating ureidoethylaminobenzyl tails is presented. A variety of substitution patterns on the ring and the tails, located on para- or meta- positions with respect to the sulfonamide warheads were incorporated in the new compounds. Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrases (hCA) isoforms I, II, IX and XII, involving various pathologies, was assessed with the new compounds. Selective inhibitory profile towards hCA II was observed, the most active compounds being low nM inhibitors (KIs of 2.8-9.2 nM, respectively). Extensive X-ray crystallographic analysis of several sulfonamides in an adduct with hCA I allowed an in-depth understanding of their binding mode and to lay a detailed structure-activity relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ali
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.A.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK 22060, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
| | - Murat Bozdag
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.A.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK 22060, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.A.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.A.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Paola Berto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.A.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Durgun M, Türkeş C, Işık M, Demir Y, Saklı A, Kuru A, Güzel A, Beydemir Ş, Akocak S, Osman SM, AlOthman Z, Supuran CT. Synthesis, characterisation, biological evaluation and in silico studies of sulphonamide Schiff bases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1746784 pmid: 32249705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Durgun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Ali Saklı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Ali Kuru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Abdussamat Güzel
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Sameh M. Osman
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Balandis B, Ivanauskaitė G, Smirnovienė J, Kantminienė K, Matulis D, Mickevičius V, Zubrienė A. Synthesis and structure-affinity relationship of chlorinated pyrrolidinone-bearing benzenesulfonamides as human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103658. [PMID: 32088419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel set of pyrrolidinone-based chlorinated benzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their binding affinity and selectivity against recombinant human carbonic anhydrases I-XIV using fluorescent thermal shift, p-nitrophenyl acetate hydrolysis and stopped-flow enzymatic inhibition assays. The hydrazones 10-22 prepared from 1-(2-chloro-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid exhibited low nanomolar affinity against cancer-related CA IX (Kd in the range of 5.0-37 nM). Compounds with triazole or oxadiazole groups attached directly to pyrrolidinone moiety bound all CAs weaker than compounds with more flexible tail groups. Chloro group at the meta position of benzenesulfonamide derivatives increased affinity to all CAs as compared with binding data for nonchlorinated compounds. The compounds have a potential for further development of CA inhibitors with higher selectivity for a particular CA isozyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benas Balandis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Guostė Ivanauskaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Joana Smirnovienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Kantminienė
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Mickevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Manasa KL, Pujitha S, Sethi A, Arifuddin M, Alvala M, Angeli A, Supuran CT. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Imidazo[2 ,1- b]Thiazole based Sulfonyl Piperazines as Novel Carbonic Anhydrase II Inhibitors. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10040136. [PMID: 32244413 PMCID: PMC7240968 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-sulfonyl piperazine conjugates (9aa-ee) has been synthesized and evaluated for carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory potency against four isoforms: The cytosolic isozyme hCA I, II and trans-membrane tumor-associated isoform hCA IX and hCA XII, taking acetazolamide (AAZ) as standard drug, using a stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay. The results revealed that most of the compounds showed selective activity against hCA II whereas none of them were active against hCA I, IX, XII (Ki > 100 µM). The physiologically dominant cytosolic isoform hCA II was inhibited by these molecules with inhibition constants in the range of 57.7–98.2 µM. This new derivative, thus, selectively inhibits hCA II over the hCA I, IX, XII isoforms, which may be used for further understanding the physiological roles of some of these isoforms in various pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kesari Lakshmi Manasa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India; (K.L.M.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Sravya Pujitha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India; (K.L.M.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Aaftaab Sethi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India; (K.L.M.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Arifuddin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India; (K.L.M.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Anwarul Uloom College, 11-3-918, New Malleypally, Hyderabad 500001, T. S., India (Present Address)
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India; (K.L.M.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (C.T.S.); Tel.: +91-9441117803 (M.A.); +39-0554573729 (C.T.S.)
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Dept., Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Dept., Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (C.T.S.); Tel.: +91-9441117803 (M.A.); +39-0554573729 (C.T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Supuran CT. Exploring the multiple binding modes of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrases for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:671-686. [PMID: 32208982 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1743676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The spacious active site cavity of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) shows a great versatility for a variety of binding modes for modulators of activity, inhibitors, and activators, some of which are clinically used drugs. AREAS COVERED There are at least four well-documented CA inhibition mechanisms and the same number of binding modes for CA inhibitors (CAIs), one of which superposes with the binding of activators (CAAs). They include (i) coordination to the catalytic metal ion; (ii) anchoring to the water molecule coordinated to the metal ion; (iii) occlusion of the active site entrance; and (iv) binding outside the active site. A large number of chemical classes of CAIs show these binding modes explored in detail by kinetic, crystallographic, and other techniques. The tail approach was applied to all of them and allowed many classes of highly isoform-selective inhibitors. This is the subject of our review. EXPERT OPINION All active site regions of CAs accommodate inhibitors to bind, which is reflected in very different inhibition profiles for such compounds and the possibility to design drugs with effective action and new applications, such as for the management of hypoxic tumors, neuropathic pain, cerebral ischemia, arthritis, and degenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|