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García-Revilla J, Alonso-Bellido IM, Burguillos MA, Herrera AJ, Espinosa-Oliva AM, Ruiz R, Cruz-Hernández L, García-Domínguez I, Roca-Ceballos MA, Santiago M, Rodríguez-Gómez JA, Soto MS, de Pablos RM, Venero JL. Reformulating Pro-Oxidant Microglia in Neurodegeneration. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1719. [PMID: 31627485 PMCID: PMC6832973 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are central events. Recent genome-wide transcriptomic analyses of microglial cells under different disease conditions have uncovered a new subpopulation named disease-associated microglia (DAM). These studies have challenged the classical view of the microglia polarization state's proinflammatory M1 (classical activation) and immunosuppressive M2 (alternative activation). Molecular signatures of DAM and proinflammatory microglia (highly pro-oxidant) have shown clear differences, yet a partial overlapping gene profile is evident between both phenotypes. The switch activation of homeostatic microglia into reactive microglia relies on the selective activation of key surface receptors involved in the maintenance of brain homeostasis (a.k.a. pattern recognition receptors, PRRs). Two relevant PRRs are toll-like receptors (TLRs) and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2), whose selective activation is believed to generate either a proinflammatory or a DAM phenotype, respectively. However, the recent identification of endogenous disease-related ligands, which bind to and activate both TLRs and TREM2, anticipates the existence of rather complex microglia responses. Examples of potential endogenous dual ligands include amyloid β, galectin-3, and apolipoprotein E. These pleiotropic ligands induce a microglia polarization that is more complicated than initially expected, suggesting the possibility that different microglia subtypes may coexist. This review highlights the main microglia polarization states under disease conditions and their leading role orchestrating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Revilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Isabel M Alonso-Bellido
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Burguillos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Antonio J Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Ana M Espinosa-Oliva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Rocío Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Luis Cruz-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Irene García-Domínguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - María A Roca-Ceballos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Marti Santiago
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - José A Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
- Departament of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Rocío M de Pablos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - José L Venero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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52
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Lou Y, Han M, Liu H, Niu Y, Liang Y, Guo J, Zhang W, Wang H. Essential roles of S100A10 in Toll-like receptor signaling and immunity to infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:1053-1062. [PMID: 31467414 PMCID: PMC7608084 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key pattern recognition receptors that mediate innate immune responses to infection. However, uncontrolled TLR activation can lead to severe inflammatory disorders such as septic shock. The molecular mechanisms through which TLR responses are regulated are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate an essential function of S100A10 in TLR signaling. S100A10 was constitutively expressed in macrophages, but was significantly downregulated upon TLR activation. S100A10-deficient macrophages were hyperresponsive to TLR stimulation, and S100A10-deficient mice were more sensitive to endotoxin-induced lethal shock and Escherichia coli-induced abdominal sepsis. Mechanistically, S100A10 regulated macrophage inflammatory responses by interfering with the appropriate recruitment and activation of the receptor-proximal signaling components and eventually inhibited TLR-triggered downstream signaling. These findings expand our understanding of TLR signaling and establish S100A10 as an essential negative regulator of TLR function and a potential therapeutic target for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Lou
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Han
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Huandi Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuna Niu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiqiang Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.
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53
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Akamatsu Y, Pagan VA, Hanafy KA. The role of TLR4 and HO-1 in neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:549-556. [PMID: 31468571 PMCID: PMC6980436 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review on the mechanisms of neuroinflammation following subarachnoid hemorrhage will focus mainly on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the role of microglia and macrophages in this process. Vasospasm has long been the focus of research in SAH; however, clinical trials have shown that amelioration of vasospasm does not lead to an improved clinical outcome. This necessitates the need for novel avenues of research. Our work has demonstrated that microglial TLR4 and microglial HO-1, not only affects cognitive dysfunction, but also circadian dysrhythmia in a mouse model of SAH. To attempt to translate these findings, we have also begun investigating macrophages in the cerebrospinal fluid of SAH patients. The goal of this review is to provide an update on the role of TLR4, HO-1, and other signal transduction pathways in SAH-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Akamatsu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vicente A Pagan
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Khalid A Hanafy
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Neurointensive Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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54
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Kalia N, Singh J, Kaur M. Immunopathology of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Infections: New Aspects and Research Directions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2034. [PMID: 31555269 PMCID: PMC6722227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent vulvovaginal infections (RVVI), a devastating group of mucosal infection, are severely affecting women's quality of life. Our understanding of the vaginal defense mechanisms have broadened recently with studies uncovering the inflammatory nature of bacterial vaginosis, inflammatory responses against novel virulence factors, innate Type 17 cells/IL-17 axis, neutrophils mediated killing of pathogens by a novel mechanism, and oxidative stress during vaginal infections. However, the pathogens have fine mechanisms to subvert or manipulate the host immune responses, hijack them and use them for their own advantage. The odds of hijacking increases, due to impaired immune responses, the net magnitude of which is the result of numerous genetic variations, present in multiple host genes, detailed in this review. Thus, by underlining the role of the host immune responses in disease etiology, modern research has clarified a major hypothesis shift in the pathophilosophy of RVVI. This knowledge can further be used to develop efficient immune-based diagnosis and treatment strategies for this enigmatic disease conditions. As for instance, plasma-derived MBL replacement, adoptive T-cell, and antibody-based therapies have been reported to be safe and efficacious in infectious diseases. Therefore, these emerging immune-therapies could possibly be the future therapeutic options for RVVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namarta Kalia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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55
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Wu B, Wu Y, Tang W. Heme Catabolic Pathway in Inflammation and Immune Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:825. [PMID: 31396090 PMCID: PMC6667928 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the heme catabolic pathway is considered to play an important regulatory role in cell protection, apoptosis, inflammation, and other physiological and pathological processes. An appropriate amount of heme forms the basic elements of various life activities, while when released in large quantities, it can induce toxicity by mediating oxidative stress and inflammation. Heme oxygenase (HO) -1 can catabolize free heme into carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin (BV)/bilirubin (BR). The diverse functions of these metabolites in immune systems are fascinating. Decades work shows that administration of degradation products of heme such as CO and BV/BR exerts protective activities in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS) and other immune disorders. This review elaborates the molecular and biochemical characterization of heme catabolic pathway, discusses the signal transduction and immunomodulatory mechanism in inflammation and summarizes the promising therapeutic strategies based on this pathway in inflammatory and immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Wu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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56
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Luo X, Jiang X, Li J, Bai Y, Li Z, Wei P, Sun S, Liang Y, Han S, Li X, Zhang B. Insulin-like growth factor-1 attenuates oxidative stress-induced hepatocyte premature senescence in liver fibrogenesis via regulating nuclear p53-progerin interaction. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:451. [PMID: 31171766 PMCID: PMC6554350 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS), a state of cell growth arrest due to various stimuli, is implicated in the pathogeneses of hepatic fibrogenesis. Progerin, a permanently farnesylated mutant lamin A protein, likely leads to premature senescence to influent liver diseases. The previous reports showed that activation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling could enhance cell longevity and attenuate liver fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanisms about hepatocyte premature senility in liver fibrosis, and how IGF-1 regulates cell premature aging and fibrogenesis, remain poorly understood. In the present study, we found the augment of hepatocyte oxidation and premature aging, along with the decrease of plasm IGF-1 level in patients with liver fibrosis and CCl4-induced liver injury rat models. Nevertheless, IGF-1 gene transfer to CCl4 rats to overexpress intrahepatic IGF-1 relieved hepatocyte oxidative stress and premature senescence, which was likely mediated by the p53/progerin pathway, to improve hepatic steatosis and fibrogenesis. In vitro, H2O2 caused abnormal accumulation of progerin in nuclear and activation of nuclear p53–progerin interaction to trigger primary rat hepatocyte premature senescence through the p21-independent pathway; while these effects were rescued by prolonged exogenous IGF-1 or the IGF-1 adenovirus vector. Furthermore, the IGF-1 adenovirus vector, transfected to H2O2-treated hepatocytes, reversed oxidative stress-induced premature senescence via enhancing cytoplasmic AKT1–p53 interaction and subsequently inhibiting nuclear p53–progerin interaction. Consequently, our data illuminate a novel role of IGF-1 in regulating stress-induced hepatocyte premature senescence in liver fibrosis: prolonged IGF-1 relieves oxidative stress-initiated hepatocyte premature senescence via inhibition of nuclear p53–progerin interaction to ameliorate hepatic steatosis and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peiru Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suofeng Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuangyin Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingyong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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57
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Korbecki J, Bobiński R, Dutka M. Self-regulation of the inflammatory response by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:443-458. [PMID: 30927048 PMCID: PMC6517359 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family includes three transcription factors: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ. PPAR are nuclear receptors activated by oxidised and nitrated fatty acid derivatives as well as by cyclopentenone prostaglandins (PGA2 and 15d-PGJ2) during the inflammatory response. This results in the modulation of the pro-inflammatory response, preventing it from being excessively activated. Other activators of these receptors are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (arachidonic acid, ALA, EPA, and DHA). The main function of PPAR during the inflammatory reaction is to promote the inactivation of NF-κB. Possible mechanisms of inactivation include direct binding and thus inactivation of p65 NF-κB or ubiquitination leading to proteolytic degradation of p65 NF-κB. PPAR also exert indirect effects on NF-κB. They promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, or heme oxygenase-1, resulting in a reduction in the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., secondary transmitters in inflammatory reactions. PPAR also cause an increase in the expression of IκBα, SIRT1, and PTEN, which interferes with the activation and function of NF-κB in inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 Str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Rafał Bobiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Dutka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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58
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Prasad GVRK, Dhar V, Mukhopadhaya A. Vibrio cholerae OmpU Mediates CD36-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Triggering an Additional Pathway of MAPK Activation in Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2431-2450. [PMID: 30867241 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OmpU, one of the porins of Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae, induces TLR1/2-MyD88-NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory cytokine production by monocytes and macrophages of human and mouse origin. In this study, we report that in both the cell types, OmpU-induced proinflammatory responses involve activation of MAPKs (p38 and JNK). Interestingly, we observed that in OmpU-treated macrophages, p38 activation is TLR2 dependent, but JNK activation happens through a separate pathway involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by NADPH oxidase complex and mitochondrial ROS. Further, we observed that OmpU-mediated mitochondrial ROS generation probably depends on OmpU translocation to mitochondria and NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production is due to activation of scavenger receptor CD36. For the first time, to our knowledge, we are reporting that a Gram-negative bacterial protein can activate CD36 as a pattern recognition receptor. Additionally, we found that in OmpU-treated monocytes, both JNK and p38 activation is linked to the TLR2 activation only. Therefore, the ability of macrophages to employ multiple receptors such as TLR2 and CD36 to recognize a single ligand, as in this case OmpU, probably explains the very basic nature of macrophages being more proinflammatory than monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V R Krishna Prasad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Vinica Dhar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Arunika Mukhopadhaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
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59
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Yasuoka H, Garrett SM, Nguyen XX, Artlett CM, Feghali-Bostwick CA. NADPH oxidase-mediated induction of reactive oxygen species and extracellular matrix deposition by insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L644-L655. [PMID: 30810066 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00106.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) induces production of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components collagen and fibronectin both in vitro and in vivo and is overexpressed in patients with fibrosing lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, the mechanism by which IGFBP-5 exerts its fibrotic effect is incompletely understood. Recent reports have shown a substantial role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fibrosis; thus we hypothesized that IGFBP-5 induces production of ROS to mediate the profibrotic process. In vitro analyses revealed that ROS production was induced by recombinant and adenoviral vector-mediated IGFBP-5 (AdBP5) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, regulated through MEK/ERK and JNK signaling, and primarily mediated by NADPH oxidase (Nox). Silencing IGFBP-5 in SSc and IPF fibroblasts reduced ROS production. The antioxidants diphenyleneiodonium and N-acetylcysteine blocked IGFBP-5-stimulated ECM production in normal, SSc, and IPF human primary lung fibroblasts. In murine fibroblasts lacking critical components of the Nox machinery, AdBP5-stimulated ROS production and fibronectin expression were reduced compared with wild-type fibroblasts. IGFBP-5 stimulated transcriptional expression of Nox3 in human fibroblasts while selective knockdown of Nox3 reduced ROS production by IGFBP-5. Thus IGFBP-5 mediates fibrosis through production of ROS in a Nox-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekata Yasuoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Aichi , Japan
| | - Sara M Garrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Xinh-Xinh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carol M Artlett
- Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carol A Feghali-Bostwick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
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60
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Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Saha S, Basu M, Guin S, Gupta P, Mitterstiller AM, Weiss G, Jana K, Ukil A. Leishmania donovani Exploits Macrophage Heme Oxygenase-1 To Neutralize Oxidative Burst and TLR Signaling-Dependent Host Defense. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:827-840. [PMID: 30593539 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of host oxidative burst is essential for survival of the intracellular parasite Leishmania donovani Screening of macrophage antioxidant enzymes during infection revealed marked upregulation of the heme-degrading enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Moreover, HO-1-silenced RAW macrophages depicted increased superoxide production and decreased parasite survival. HO-1 induction decreased cellular heme content, thereby inhibiting the heme-dependent maturation of gp91phox, a catalytic component of major reactive oxygen species-producing enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase. Decreased gp91phox expression resulted in reduced stability of p22phox, another component of the catalytic center of NAD(P)H oxidase. Replenishing infected cells with exogenous heme reversed these effects and restored NAD(P)H oxidase activity. Persistent HO-1 expression at late hour of infection prompted us to investigate its effect on other host defense parameters, and inhibition study revealed a reciprocal relationship of HO-1 with host proinflammatory responses. Among all the HO-1-mediated heme degradation products (CO, Fe, and biliverdin), only CO documented potent anti-inflammatory effects. Quenching of CO during infection increased the production of disease-resolving cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that CO inhibited the interaction of TLR4 with MyD88 and TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β, thereby dampening the activation of NF-κB and IFN regulatory factor 3-mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines. Administration of HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin IX dichloride in infected BALB/c mice led to a decrease in liver and spleen parasite burden along with increased production of IL-12 and TNF-α. These results suggest that HO-1 on one hand inhibits reactive oxygen species generation and on the other hand downregulates host favorable cytokine responses, thereby facilitating intramacrophage parasite survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Moumita Basu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Subham Guin
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Purnima Gupta
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Anna-Maria Mitterstiller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 69008 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 69008 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Anindita Ukil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India;
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Dickinson SE, Wondrak GT. TLR4-directed Molecular Strategies Targeting Skin Photodamage and Carcinogenesis. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5487-5502. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170828125328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a causative factor in
skin photodamage and carcinogenesis, and inflammatory dysregulation is a key mechanism
underlying detrimental effects of acute and chronic UV exposure. The health and economic
burden of skin cancer treatment is substantial, creating an increasingly urgent need for the development
of improved molecular strategies for photoprotection and photochemoprevention.
Methods:
A structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature
revealed 139 articles including our own that are presented and critically evaluated in this
TLR4-directed review.
Objective:
To understand the molecular role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a key regulator
of skin anti-microbial defense, wound healing, and cutaneous tumorigenic inflammation. The
specific focus of this review is on recent published evidence suggesting that TLR4 represents
a novel molecular target for skin photoprotection and cancer photochemoprevention.
Results:
Cumulative experimental evidence indicates that pharmacological and genetic antagonism
of TLR4 suppresses UV-induced inflammatory signaling involving the attenuation
of cutaneous NF-κB and AP-1 stress signaling observable in vitro and in vivo. TLR4-directed
small molecule pharmacological antagonists [including eritoran, (+)-naloxone, ST2825, and
resatorvid] have now been identified as a novel class of molecular therapeutics. TLR4 antagonists
are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development for the modulation of
dysregulated TLR4-dependent inflammatory signaling that may also contribute to skin photodamage
and photocarcinogenesis in human populations.
Conclusion:
Future research should explore the skin photoprotective and photochemopreventive
efficacy of topical TLR4 antagonism if employed in conjunction with other molecular
strategies including sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E. Dickinson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Georg T. Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
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Fu X, Liu L. Pro-resolution of Inflammation: New Hints to Manage Sepsis? SEVERE TRAUMA AND SEPSIS 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121927 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3353-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is newly defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The pathophysiological mechanism of sepsis is highly complex, and the mortality of in-patients suffering from sepsis is more than 10%. Severe unmanaged inflammation and inappropriate immune response characterize sepsis. Anti-inflammation therapies alone are not successful for the reason that disbalance of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving agents. In the recent researches, the host responses during the course of self-resolving infections are found to have the involvements of specialized pro-resolution mediators (SPMs), namely, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins. These endogenous lipid metabolites are core signal molecules in the resolution of inflammation, playing a key role in regulating the inflammation and promoting return to homeostasis. Besides, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, a sensitive marker for oxidative stress) is also known for upregulation in inflammation profiling. Carbon monoxide, synthesized by HO-1, performs multiple stances of anti-inflammation and pro-resolution along with the SPMs. If the potentially beneficial effects of these mediators would be well evaluated in clinical trials, they present encouraging new hints in managing infectious maladies especially sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Lab, First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing, China
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Manabe Y, Hirata T, Sugawara T. Inhibitory Effect of Carotenoids on Ligand-induced Lipid Raft Translocation of Immunoreceptors. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:149-158. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Manabe
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
- Shijonawate Gakuen University
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
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Keleku-Lukwete N, Suzuki M, Yamamoto M. An Overview of the Advantages of KEAP1-NRF2 System Activation During Inflammatory Disease Treatment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1746-1755. [PMID: 28899203 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation can be defined as a protective immune response against harmful exogenous and endogenous stimuli. Nevertheless, prolonged or autoimmune inflammatory responses are likely to cause pathological states that are associated with a production of inflammation-associated molecules along with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (KEAP1-NRF2) signaling provides a cell protection mechanism against oxidative insults when endogenous stress defense mechanisms are imbalanced. Understanding the roles of the KEAP1-NRF2 system in inflammation caused by various types of stimuli may aid in the development of new therapies. Recent Advances: There have been tremendous advances in understanding the mechanism by which the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway abrogates inflammation. In addition to the well-established ROS-dependent pathway, recent studies have provided evidence of the direct repression of the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, such as IL1b and IL6 (encoding Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-6, respectively). Further, the expanding functions of NRF2 have elicited interest in the development of therapeutic modalities for inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis and sickle cell disease. Critical Issues and Future Directions: Despite progress in the understanding of molecular mechanisms supporting the roles that NRF2 plays during inflammation, the relationship between NRF2 and other transcription factors and mediators of inflammation still remains ambiguous. Further studies are required to address the effects of functional polymorphisms in KEAP1 and NRF2 that modify susceptibility to specific disease-related inflammation. Comprehensive analyses in the future should explore tissue- or cell-type specific NRF2 activation to elaborate effects of NRF2 induction. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Keleku-Lukwete
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikiko Suzuki
- 2 Center for Radioisotope Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
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66
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Lee EJ, Park JS, Lee YY, Kim DY, Kang JL, Kim HS. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms of an MMP-8 inhibitor in lipoteichoic acid-stimulated rat primary astrocytes: involvement of NF-κB, Nrf2, and PPAR-γ signaling pathways. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:326. [PMID: 30470240 PMCID: PMC6260848 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence suggests that reactive astrocytes play an important role in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, controlling astrocyte reactivity has been suggested as a promising strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we investigated whether a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 inhibitor, M8I, could control neuroinflammation in lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-stimulated rat primary astrocytes. Methods The effects of M8I on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cytokines, and MMPs were examined in LTA-stimulated rat primary astrocytes by ELISA, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. The effects of M8I on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and phase II antioxidant enzyme expression were examined by the DCF-DA assay, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. The detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of M8I were analyzed by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, the reporter gene assay, Western blot, and RT-PCR analysis. Results Treatment with LTA, a major cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria, led to astrocyte activation and induced the expression of inflammatory molecules such as iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, LTA induced the expression of MMPs such as MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-13 in rat primary astrocytes. Based on previous reports showing that MMP-8 plays a role as a proinflammatory mediator in microglia, we investigated whether MMP-8 is also involved in inflammatory reactions of reactive astrocytes. We found that treatment of astrocytes with M8I significantly inhibited LTA-induced expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TLR-2. In addition, M8I inhibited LTA-induced NF-κB, MAP kinase, and Akt activities, while it increased the anti-inflammatory PPAR-γ activities. Moreover, M8I showed antioxidant effects by suppressing ROS production in LTA- or H2O2-stimulated astrocytes. Interestingly, M8I increased the expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes such as hemeoxygenase-1, NQO1, catalase, and MnSOD by modulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Conclusions The data collectively suggest the therapeutic potential of an MMP-8 inhibitor in neuroinflammatory disorders that are associated with astrocyte reactivity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1363-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Mok-6-dong 911-1, Yangchun-Ku, Seoul, 158-710, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Mok-6-dong 911-1, Yangchun-Ku, Seoul, 158-710, South Korea
| | - Yu-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Mok-6-dong 911-1, Yangchun-Ku, Seoul, 158-710, South Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Mok-6-dong 911-1, Yangchun-Ku, Seoul, 158-710, South Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Department of Physiology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Mok-6-dong 911-1, Yangchun-Ku, Seoul, 158-710, South Korea.
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Wei X, Lan K. Activation and counteraction of antiviral innate immunity by KSHV: an Update. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:1223-1234. [PMID: 30906617 PMCID: PMC6426151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune responses triggering production of type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines constitute a nonspecific innate resistance that eliminates invading pathogens including viruses. The activation of innate immune signaling through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is by sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from viruses. According to their distribution within cells, PRRs are classified into three types of receptors: membrane, cytoplasmic, and nuclear. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a large DNA virus, replicates in the nucleus. Its genome is protected by capsid proteins during transport in the cytosol. Multiple PRRs are involved in KSHV recognition. To successfully establish latent infection, KSHV has evolved to manipulate different aspects of the host antiviral innate immune responses. This review presents recent advances in our understanding about the activation of the innate immune signaling in response to infection of KSHV. It also reviews the evasion strategies used by KSHV to subvert host innate immune detection for establishing a persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Lan
- Corresponding author. (K. Lan)
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68
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Wang Q, Yan SF, Hao Y, Jin SW. Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators Regulate Alveolar Fluid Clearance during Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:982-989. [PMID: 29664060 PMCID: PMC5912066 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.229890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute and lethal clinical syndrome that is characterized by the injury of alveolar epithelium, which impairs active fluid transport in the lung, and impedes the reabsorption of edema fluid from the alveolar space. This review aimed to discuss the role of pro-resolving mediators on the regulation of alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in ARDS. Data Sources Articles published up to September 2017 were selected from the PubMed, with the keywords of "alveolar fluid clearance" or "lung edema" or "acute lung injury" or "acute respiratory distress syndrome", and "specialized pro-resolving mediators" or "lipoxin" or "resolvin" or "protectin" or "maresin" or "alveolar epithelial cells" or "aspirin-triggered lipid mediators" or "carbon monoxide and heme oxygenase" or "annexin A1". Study Selection We included all relevant articles published up to September 2017, with no limitation of study design. Results Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), as the proinflammatory mediators, not only upregulated epithelial sodium channel, Na,K-ATPase, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and aquaporins levels, but also improved Na,K-ATPase activity to promote AFC in ARDS. In addition to the direct effects on ion channels and pumps of the alveolar epithelium, the SPMs also inhibited the inflammatory cytokine expression and improved the alveolar epithelial cell repair to enhance the AFC in ARDS. Conclusions The present review discusses a novel mechanism for pulmonary edema fluid reabsorption. SPMs might provide new opportunities to design "reabsorption-targeted" therapies with high degrees of precision in controlling ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Song-Fan Yan
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Sheng-Wei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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69
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Kim HH, Choi S. Therapeutic Aspects of Carbon Monoxide in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082381. [PMID: 30104479 PMCID: PMC6121498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is being increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic with important signaling functions in various diseases. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) show anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects on the tissues of organisms, thus contributing to tissue homeostasis. An increase in reactive oxygen species production from the mitochondria after exposure to CO is also considered one of the underlying mechanisms of cardioprotection, although mitochondrial inhibition is the main toxic mechanism of CO poisoning. This review highlights the mechanism of the biological effects of CO and its potential application as a therapeutic in clinical settings, including in cardiovascular diseases. This review also discusses the obstacles and limitations of using exogenous CO or CORMs as a therapeutic option, with respect to acute CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Hoon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Sangchun Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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Mohseni Moghadam Z, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Amin M, Behzadi E, Imani Fooladi AA. Microbial metabolite effects on TLR to develop autoimmune diseases. TOXIN REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1469512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Mohseni Moghadam
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amin
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Luo X, Wang D, Zhu X, Wang G, You Y, Ning Z, Li Y, Jin S, Huang Y, Hu Y, Chen T, Meng Y, Li X. Autophagic degradation of caveolin-1 promotes liver sinusoidal endothelial cells defenestration. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:576. [PMID: 29760379 PMCID: PMC5951836 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, interacting with actin cytoskeleton and the NO-dependent pathway, may affect the phenotype and function of endothelial cells. Moreover, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), as a structure protein in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), is closely related to autophagy. Hence, we aim to explore the role of autophagic degradation of Cav-1 in LSECs defenestration. In vivo, we found the increase of autophagy in liver sinusoidal endothelium in human fibrotic liver. Furthermore, autophagy, degradation of Cav-1, and actin filament (F-actin) remodeling were triggered during the process of CCl4-induced LSECs defenestration; in contrast, autophagy inhibitor 3MA diminished the degradation of Cav-1 to maintain fenestrae and relieve CCl4-induced fibrosis. In vitro, during LSECs defenestration, the NO-dependent pathway was down-regulated through the reduction of the PI3K–AKT–MTOR pathway and initiation of autophagic degradation of Cav-1; while, these effects were aggravated by starvation. However, VEGF inhibited autophagic degradation of Cav-1 and F-actin remodeling to maintain LSECs fenestrae via activating the PI3K–AKT–MTOR pathway. Additionally, inhibiting autophagy, such as 3MA, bafilomycin, or ATG5-siRNA, could attenuate the depletion of Cav-1 and F-actin remodeling to maintain LSECs fenestrae and improve the NO-dependent pathway; in turn, eNOS-siRNA and L-NAME, for blocking the NO-dependent pathway, could elevate autophagic degradation of Cav-1 to aggravate defenestration. Finally, overexpressed Cav-1 rescued rapamycin-induced autophagic degradation of Cav-1 to maintain LSECs fenestrae; whereas knockdown of Cav-1 facilitated defenestration due to the activation of the AMPK-dependent autophagy. Consequently, autophagic degradation of Cav-1 promotes LSECs defenestration via inhibiting the NO-dependent pathway and F-actin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xintao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehua You
- Department of Stomatology, People's hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuowei Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Hatayama N, Hirai S, Naito M, Terayama H, Araki J, Yokota H, Matsushita M, Li XK, Itoh M. Preservation of rat limbs by hyperbaric carbon monoxide and oxygen. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6627. [PMID: 29700404 PMCID: PMC5919920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold ischemia times ranging from <6 h to as long as 24 h are generally quoted as the limits for attempting the replantation of amputated extremities. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of hyperbaric carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O2) on rat limb preservation. Donor rat limbs were preserved in a chamber filled with hyperbaric CO and O2 for 3 days (CO + O2 3 days) or 7 days (CO + O2 7 days). Positive and negative control groups were created by using non-preserved limbs (NP) and limbs wrapped in saline-moistened gauze for 3 days (SMG 3 days), respectively. The survival rate of transplanted limbs at postoperative day 90 was 88% in the NP and 86% in the CO + O2 3 days. The corresponding survival rate was 50% in the CO + O2 7 days at postoperative day 90 but was 0% in the SMG 3 days at postoperative day 3. Muscle mass decreased in the CO + O2 3 days and CO + O2 7 days compared with the NP, but sciatic–tibial nerve conduction velocities did not differ. These results indicate that amputated extremities preservation with hyperbaric CO and O2 could extend the time limits of preservation, maintaining their viability for replantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Hatayama
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hirai
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Munekazu Naito
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hayato Terayama
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Araki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduates School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Itoh
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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73
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Kumar S, Gupta E, Kaushik S, Kumar Srivastava V, Mehta SK, Jyoti A. Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant status: Correlation with the severity of sepsis. Scand J Immunol 2018; 87:e12653. [PMID: 29484685 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a condition caused by infection followed by unregulated inflammatory response which may lead to the organ dysfunction. During such condition, over-production of oxidants is one of the factors which contribute cellular toxicity and ultimately organ failure and mortality. Antioxidants having free radicals scavenging activity exert protective role in various diseases. This study has been designed to evaluate the levels of oxidative and antioxidative activity in sepsis patients and their correlation with the severity of the sepsis. A total of 100 sepsis patients and 50 healthy controls subjects were enrolled in this study from the period October 2016 to June 2017. The investigation included measurements of oxidative enzyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and catalase activity (CAT) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-8 and IFN-γ). Furthermore, the level of these activities was correlated with severity of sepsis. Augmented levels of oxidants were found in sepsis as demonstrated by DMPO nitrone adduct formation and plasma MPO level activity (1.37 ± 0.51 in sepsis vs 0.405 ± 0.16 in control subjects). Cytokines were also found to be increased in sepsis patients. However, plasma SOD and CAT activities were significantly attenuated (P < .001) in the sepsis patients compared with controls subjects. Moreover, inverse relation between antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and organ failure assessment (SOFA), physiological score (APACHE II), organ toxicity specific markers have been observed as demonstrated by Pearson's correlation coefficient. This study suggests that imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant plays key role in the severity of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - E Gupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - S Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - V Kumar Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - S K Mehta
- Department of General Medicine, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - A Jyoti
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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Activation of Nrf2 Pathway Contributes to Neuroprotection by the Dietary Flavonoid Tiliroside. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8103-8123. [PMID: 29508282 PMCID: PMC6132780 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivated microglia plays a key role in regulating neuroinflammatory responses which cause damage to neurons. In recent years, substantial attention has been paid in identifying new strategies to abrogate neuroinflammation. Tiliroside, a natural dietary glycosidic flavonoid, is known to inhibit neuroinflammation. This study was aimed at investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in the inhibition of neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity by tiliroside. The effects of tiliroside on Nrf2 and SIRT1 activities in BV2 microglia and HT22 hippocampal neurons were investigated using immunoblotting and DNA binding assays. The roles of Nrf2 and SIRT1 in the anti-inflammatory activity of tiliroside were further investigated using RNA interference experiments. HT22 neuronal viability was determined by XTT, calcium influx, DNA fragmentation assays. The effect of tiliroside on MAP2 protein expression in HT22 neurons was investigated using western blotting and immunofluorescence. We also studied the impact of tiliroside on DNA fragmentation and ROS generation in APPSwe-transfected 3D neuronal stem cells. Results show that tiliroside increased protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1, indicating an activation of the Nrf2 protective mechanisms in the microglia. Furthermore, transfection of BV2 cells with Nrf2 siRNA resulted in the loss of anti-inflammatory activity by tiliroside. Tiliroside reduced protein levels of acetylated-NF-κB-p65, and increased SIRT1 in LPS/IFNγ-activated BV2 microglia. RNAi experiments revealed that inhibition of neuroinflammation by tiliroside was not affected by silencing SIRT1 gene. Results of neurotoxicity experiments revealed that neuroinflammation-induced toxicity, DNA fragmentation, ROS generation and calcium accumulation in HT22 neurons were significantly reduced by tiliroside treatment. In addition, the compound also protected differentiated human neural progenitor cells by blocking ROS generation and DNA fragmentation. Overall, this study has established that tiliroside protected BV2 microglia from LPS/IFNγ-induced neuroinflammation and HT22 neuronal toxicity by targeting Nrf2 antioxidant mechanisms. The compound also produced inhibition of NF-κB acetylation through activation of SIRT1, as well as increasing SIRT1 activity in mouse hippocampal neurons. Results from this study have further established the mechanisms involved in the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities of tiliroside.
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75
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Wang J, Xiao C, Wei Z, Wang Y, Zhang X, Fu Y. Activation of liver X receptors inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory response in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 197:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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76
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Carroll RG, Zasłona Z, Galván-Peña S, Koppe EL, Sévin DC, Angiari S, Triantafilou M, Triantafilou K, Modis LK, O'Neill LA. An unexpected link between fatty acid synthase and cholesterol synthesis in proinflammatory macrophage activation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5509-5521. [PMID: 29463677 PMCID: PMC5900750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Different immune activation states require distinct metabolic features and activities in immune cells. For instance, inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN), which catalyzes the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids, prevents the proinflammatory response in macrophages; however, the precise role of this enzyme in this response remains poorly defined. Consistent with previous studies, we found here that FASN is essential for lipopolysaccharide-induced, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated macrophage activation. Interestingly, only agents that block FASN upstream of acetoacetyl-CoA synthesis, including the well-characterized FASN inhibitor C75, inhibited TLR4 signaling, while those acting downstream had no effect. We found that acetoacetyl-CoA could overcome C75's inhibitory effect, whereas other FASN metabolites, including palmitate, did not prevent C75-mediated inhibition. This suggested an unexpected role for acetoacetyl-CoA in inflammation that is independent of its role in palmitate synthesis. Our evidence further suggested that acetoacetyl-CoA arising from FASN activity promotes cholesterol production, indicating a surprising link between fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol synthesis. We further demonstrate that this process is required for TLR4 to enter lipid rafts and facilitate TLR4 signaling. In conclusion, we have uncovered an unexpected link between FASN and cholesterol synthesis that appears to be required for TLR signal transduction and proinflammatory macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Carroll
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.,the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Zbigniew Zasłona
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Silvia Galván-Peña
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.,the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Koppe
- the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C Sévin
- Cellzome, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Stefano Angiari
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Martha Triantafilou
- the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.,the Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales, United Kingdom, and
| | - Kathy Triantafilou
- the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.,the Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales, United Kingdom, and
| | - Louise K Modis
- the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland, .,the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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77
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Fu Y, Xin Z, Liu B, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li F. Platycodin D Inhibits Inflammatory Response in LPS-Stimulated Primary Rat Microglia Cells through Activating LXRα-ABCA1 Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1929. [PMID: 29375565 PMCID: PMC5767310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Platycodin D (PLD), an effective triterpenesaponin extracted from Platycodon grandiflorum, has been known to have anti-inflammatory effect. In the present study, we investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of PLD on LPS-induced inflammation in primary rat microglia cells. The results showed that PLD significantly inhibited LPS-induced ROS, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production in primary rat microglia cells. PLD also inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Furthermore, our results showed that PLD prevented LPS-induced TLR4 translocation into lipid rafts via disrupting the formation of lipid rafts by inducing cholesterol efflux. In addition, PLD could activate LXRα–ABCA1 signaling pathway which induces cholesterol efflux from cells. The inhibition of inflammatory cytokines by PLD could be reversed by SiRNA of LXRα. In conclusion, these results indicated that PLD prevented LPS-induced inflammation by activating LXRα–ABCA1 signaling pathway, which disrupted lipid rafts and prevented TLR4 translocation into lipid rafts, thereby inhibiting LPS-induced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Xin
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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78
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Izumi Y. [Anti-inflammatory action of the transcription factor Nrf2]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2018; 152:209. [PMID: 30298844 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.152.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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79
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Carbon monoxide prevents TNF-α-induced eNOS downregulation by inhibiting NF-κB-responsive miR-155-5p biogenesis. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e403. [PMID: 29170479 PMCID: PMC5704195 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1-derived carbon monoxide prevents inflammatory vascular disorders. To date, there is no clear evidence that HO-1/CO prevents endothelial dysfunction associated with the downregulation of endothelial NO synthesis in human endothelial cells stimulated with TNF-α. Here, we found that the CO-releasing compound CORM-2 prevented TNF-α-mediated decreases in eNOS expression and NO/cGMP production, without affecting eNOS promoter activity, by maintaining the functional activity of the eNOS mRNA 3′-untranslated region. By contrast, CORM-2 inhibited MIR155HG expression and miR-155-5p biogenesis in TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells, resulting in recovery of the 3′-UTR activity of eNOS mRNA, a target of miR-155-5p. The beneficial effect of CORM-2 was blocked by an NF-κB inhibitor, a miR-155-5p mimic, a HO-1 inhibitor and siRNA against HO-1, indicating that CO rescues TNF-α-induced eNOS downregulation through NF-κB-responsive miR-155-5p expression via HO-1 induction; similar protective effects of ectopic HO-1 expression and bilirubin were observed in endothelial cells treated with TNF-α. Moreover, heme degradation products, except iron and N-acetylcysteine prevented H2O2-mediated miR-155-5p biogenesis and eNOS downregulation. These data demonstrate that CO prevents TNF-α-mediated eNOS downregulation by inhibiting redox-sensitive miR-155-5p biogenesis through a positive forward circuit between CO and HO-1 induction. This circuit may play an important preventive role in inflammatory endothelial dysfunction associated with human vascular diseases.
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80
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Ryter SW, Ma KC, Choi AMK. Carbon monoxide in lung cell physiology and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C211-C227. [PMID: 29118026 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00022.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gas that has gained recognition as a biological signal transduction effector with properties similar, but not identical, to that of nitric oxide (NO). CO, which binds primarily to heme iron, may activate the hemoprotein guanylate cyclase, although with lower potency than NO. Furthermore, CO can modulate the activities of several cellular signaling molecules such as p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, Akt, NF-κB, and others. Emerging studies suggest that mitochondria, the energy-generating organelle of cells, represent a key target of CO action in eukaryotes. Dose-dependent modulation of mitochondrial function by CO can result in alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, release of proapoptotic and proinflammatory mediators, as well as the inhibition of respiration at high concentration. CO, through modulation of signaling pathways, can impact key biological processes including autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, programmed cell death (apoptosis), cellular proliferation, inflammation, and innate immune responses. Inhaled CO is widely known as an inhalation hazard due to its rapid complexation with hemoglobin, resulting in impaired oxygen delivery to tissues and hypoxemia. Despite systemic and cellular toxicity at high concentrations, CO has demonstrated cyto- and tissue-protective effects at low concentration in animal models of organ injury and disease. These include models of acute lung injury (e.g., hyperoxia, hypoxia, ischemia-reperfusion, mechanical ventilation, bleomycin) and sepsis. The success of CO as a candidate therapeutic in preclinical models suggests potential clinical application in inflammatory and proliferative disorders, which is currently under evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York
| | - Kevin C Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York.,New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York.,New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York
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81
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Dai JP, Wang QW, Su Y, Gu LM, Zhao Y, Chen XX, Chen C, Li WZ, Wang GF, Li KS. Emodin Inhibition of Influenza A Virus Replication and Influenza Viral Pneumonia via the Nrf2, TLR4, p38/JNK and NF-kappaB Pathways. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101754. [PMID: 29057806 PMCID: PMC6151665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasting activations of toll-like receptors (TLRs), MAPK and NF-κB pathways can support influenza A virus (IAV) infection and promote pneumonia. In this study, we have investigated the effect and mechanism of action of emodin on IAV infection using qRT-PCR, western blotting, ELISA, Nrf2 luciferase reporter, siRNA and plaque inhibition assays. The results showed that emodin could significantly inhibit IAV (ST169, H1N1) replication, reduce IAV-induced expressions of TLR2/3/4/7, MyD88 and TRAF6, decrease IAV-induced phosphorylations of p38/JNK MAPK and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Emodin also activated the Nrf2 pathway, decreased ROS levels, increased GSH levelss and GSH/GSSG ratio, and upregulated the activities of SOD, GR, CAT and GSH-Px after IAV infection. Suppression of Nrf2 via siRNA markedly blocked the inhibitory effects of emodin on IAV-induced activations of TLR4, p38/JNK, and NF-κB pathways and on IAV-induced production of IL-1β, IL-6 and expression of IAV M2 protein. Emodin also dramatically increased the survival rate of mice, reduced lung edema, pulmonary viral titer and inflammatory cytokines, and improved lung histopathological changes. In conclusion, emodin can inhibit IAV replication and influenza viral pneumonia, at least in part, by activating Nrf2 signaling and inhibiting IAV-induced activations of the TLR4, p38/JNK MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Qian-Wen Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Li-Ming Gu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Xiao-Xua Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Wei-Zhong Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Ge-Fei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Kang-Sheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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82
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Vidya MK, Kumar VG, Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Bhatta R. Toll-like receptors: Significance, ligands, signaling pathways, and functions in mammals. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 37:20-36. [PMID: 29028369 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2017.1380200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This review attempts to cover the implication of the toll-like receptors (TLRs) in controlling immune functions with emphasis on their significance, function, regulation and expression patterns. The tripartite TLRs are type I integral transmembrane receptors that are involved in recognition and conveying of pathogens to the immune system. These paralogs are located on cell surfaces or within endosomes. The TLRs are found to be functionally involved in the recognition of self and non-self-antigens, maturation of DCs and initiation of antigen-specific adaptive immune responses as they bridge the innate and adaptive immunity. Interestingly, they also have a significant role in immunotherapy and vaccination. Signals generated by TLRs are transduced through NFκB signaling and MAP kinases pathway to recruit pro-inflammatory cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules, which promote inflammatory responses. The excess production of these cytokines leads to grave systemic disorders like tumor growth and autoimmune disorders. Hence, regulation of the TLR signaling pathway is necessary to keep the host system safe. Many molecules like LPS, SOCS1, IRAK1, NFκB, and TRAF3 are involved in modulating the TLR pathways to induce appropriate response. Though quantification of these TLRs helps in correlating the magnitude of immune response exhibited by the animal, there are several internal, external, genetic and animal factors that affect their expression patterns. So it can be concluded that any identification based on those expression profiles may lead to improper diagnosis during certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallenahally Kusha Vidya
- a Department of Veterinary Biochemistry , Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University , Hebbal, Bangalore , Karnataka , India.,b Animal Physiology Division , ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology , Adugodi, Bangalore , Karnataka , India
| | - V Girish Kumar
- a Department of Veterinary Biochemistry , Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University , Hebbal, Bangalore , Karnataka , India
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- b Animal Physiology Division , ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology , Adugodi, Bangalore , Karnataka , India
| | - Madiajagan Bagath
- b Animal Physiology Division , ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology , Adugodi, Bangalore , Karnataka , India
| | - Govindan Krishnan
- b Animal Physiology Division , ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology , Adugodi, Bangalore , Karnataka , India
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- b Animal Physiology Division , ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology , Adugodi, Bangalore , Karnataka , India
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83
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Yadav N, Chandra H. Modulation of alveolar macrophage innate response in proinflammatory-, pro-oxidant-, and infection- models by mint extract and chemical constituents: Role of MAPKs. Immunobiology 2017; 223:49-56. [PMID: 29031422 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a continuing need for discovering novel primary or adjunct therapeutic agents to treat inflammatory conditions and infections. Natural products have inspired the discovery of several modern therapeutics; however, there is a paucity of mechanistic information on their mode of action. This study investigated the therapeutic potential and mode of action of corn mint's (Mentha arvensis) leaf extract (ME) in alveolar macrophages (AMs) challenged with model pro-inflammatory (LPS), pro- oxidant (LPS or H2O2), and infection (Mycobacterium) agents and contribution of its dominant constituents rosmarinic acid, l-menthol, and l-menthone. LPS-induced inflammatory response in the murine AM cell line MH-S was significantly reduced in terms of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α) and nitric oxide (NO) when pre- or post-treated with ME. The ME pretreatment of macrophages led to a significant increase (P≤0.05) in phagocytic activity toward Mycobacterium smegmatis and a greater pathogen clearance in 24h in both ME pre-treated (P≤0.05) and post-treated cells. Significant attenuation (P≤0.01) of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in LPS- or H2O2-treated macrophages by pretreatment with whole mint extract (ME) was accounted for in part by the mint constituents rosmarinic acid and l-menthone. Attenuation of pro-inflammatory response by ME pretreatment coincided with the significant reduction in total and phosphorylated JNK1/2, decrease in total p38, and increase in phospho-ERK1/2 thereby implying a role of differential modulation of MAPKs. Taken together, the results demonstrate that corn mint leaf components cause potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-infection effects in AMs via suppression of the production of cytokines/soluble mediators and ROS and increased pathogen clearance, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the mode of action of corn mint targeting the alveolar macrophages and on the potential role of MAPKs in immunomodulation by this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niket Yadav
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA
| | - Harish Chandra
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA.
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84
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Glade MJ, Meguid MM. A glance at…antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of dietary cobalt. Nutrition 2017; 46:62-66. [PMID: 29290358 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael M Meguid
- Professor Emeritus, Surgery, Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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85
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Luo X, Dan Wang, Luo X, Zhu X, Wang G, Ning Z, Li Y, Ma X, Yang R, Jin S, Huang Y, Meng Y, Li X. Caveolin 1-related autophagy initiated by aldosterone-induced oxidation promotes liver sinusoidal endothelial cells defenestration. Redox Biol 2017; 13:508-521. [PMID: 28734243 PMCID: PMC5521033 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone, with pro-oxidation and pro-autophagy capabilities, plays a key role in liver fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying aldosterone-promoted liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) defenestration remain unknown. Caveolin 1 (Cav1) displays close links with autophagy and fenestration. Hence, we aim to investigate the role of Cav1-related autophagy in LSECs defenestration. We found the increase of aldosterone/MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) level, oxidation, autophagy, and defenestration in LSECs in the human fibrotic liver, BDL or hyperaldosteronism models; while antagonizing aldosterone or inhibiting autophagy relieved LSECs defenestration in BDL-induced fibrosis or hyperaldosteronism models. In vitro, fenestrae of primary LSECs gradually shrank, along with the down-regulation of the NO-dependent pathway and the augment of the AMPK-dependent autophagy; these effects were aggravated by rapamycin (an autophagy activator) or aldosterone treatment. Additionally, aldosterone increased oxidation mediated by Cav1, reduced ATP generation, and subsequently induced the AMPK-dependent autophagy, leading to the down-regulation of the NO-dependent pathway and LSECs defenestration. These effects were reversed by MR antagonist spironolactone, antioxidants or autophagy inhibitors. Besides, aldosterone enhanced the co-immunoprecipitation of Cav1 with p62 and ubiquitin, and induced Cav1 co-immunofluorescence staining with LC3, ubiquitin, and F-actin in the perinuclear area of LSECs. Furthermore, aldosterone treatment increased the membrane protein level of Cav1, whereas decrease the cytoplasmic protein level of Cav1, indicating that aldosterone induced Cav1-related selective autophagy and F-actin remodeling to promote defenestration. Consequently, Cav1-related selective autophagy initiated by aldosterone-induced oxidation promotes LSECs defenestration via activating the AMPK-ULK1 pathway and inhibiting the NO-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No. 52 Zhongshan East Road Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xintao Zhu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuowei Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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86
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Ooi TC, Chan KM, Sharif R. Zinc L-carnosine suppresses inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophages cell line via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:259-267. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1344987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theng Choon Ooi
- Biomedical Science Programme, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Environmental Health and Industrial Safety Programme, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Razinah Sharif
- Programme of Nutritional Sciences, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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87
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Ran G, Ying L, Li L, Yan Q, Yi W, Ying C, Wu H, Ye X. Resveratrol ameliorates diet-induced dysregulation of lipid metabolism in zebrafish (Danio rerio). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180865. [PMID: 28686680 PMCID: PMC5501612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective lipid metabolism is associated with increased risk of various chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol, has been shown the potential of ameliorating disregulations of lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feed intake and RSV on lipid metabolism in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The adult males were randomly allocated to 6 groups: control (Con, 8 mg cysts/fish/day), control with 20 μmol/L RSV (Con+RSV), calorie restriction (CR, 5 mg cysts/fish/day), calorie restriction with RSV (CR+RSV), overfeed (OF, 60 mg cysts/fish/day), and overfeed with RSV (OF+RSV) groups. The treatment period was 8 weeks. Results showed that CR reduced body length, body weight, and condition factor of zebrafish. CR reduced levels of plasma triglyceride (TG) and induced protein expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase-α (pAMPKα), silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (Sirt1), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC1α). RSV attenuated CR-induced pAMPKα/AMPKαincreases. RSV increased levels of Sirt1 protein in the OF zebrafish, and decreased OF-induced increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) protein level. Additionally, RSV down-regulated caveolin-1 and up-regulated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -II (LC3-II) protein levels in OF zebrafish. In conclusion, these results suggest that 1) CR reduces plasma TG level through activation of the AMPKα-Sirt1- PGC1α pathway; 2) under different dietary stress conditions RSV might regulate AMPK phosphorylation bi-directionally; 3) RSV might regulate lipid metabolism through the AMPKα-Sirt1-PPARγ pathway in OF zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gai Ran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Ying
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weijie Yi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenjiang Ying
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (HW)
| | - Xiaolei Ye
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (HW)
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88
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Gomperts E, Belcher JD, Otterbein LE, Coates TD, Wood J, Skolnick BE, Levy H, Vercellotti GM. The role of carbon monoxide and heme oxygenase in the prevention of sickle cell disease vaso-occlusive crises. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:569-582. [PMID: 28378932 PMCID: PMC5723421 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a painful, lifelong hemoglobinopathy inherited as a missense point mutation in the hemoglobin (Hb) beta-globin gene. This disease has significant impact on quality of life and mortality, thus a substantial medical need exists to reduce the vaso-occlusive crises which underlie the pathophysiology of the disease. The concept that a gaseous molecule may exert biological function has been well known for over one hundred years. Carbon monoxide (CO), although studied in SCD for over 50 years, has recently emerged as a powerful cytoprotective biological response modifier capable of regulating a host of physiologic and therapeutic processes that, at low concentrations, exerts key physiological functions in various models of tissue inflammation and injury. CO is physiologically generated by the metabolism of heme by the heme oxygenase enzymes and is measurable in blood. A substantial amount of preclinical and clinical data with CO have been generated, which provide compelling support for CO as a potential therapeutic in a number of pathological conditions. Data underlying the therapeutic mechanisms of CO, including in SCD, have been generated by a plethora of in vitro and preclinical studies including multiple SCD mouse models. These data show CO to have key signaling impacts on a host of metallo-enzymes as well as key modulating genes that in sum, result in significant anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects as well as vasodilation and anti-adhesion of cells to the endothelium resulting in preservation of vascular flow. CO may also have a role as an anti-polymerization HbS agent. In addition, considerable scientific data in the non-SCD literature provide evidence for a beneficial impact of CO on cerebrovascular complications, suggesting that in SCD, CO could potentially limit these highly problematic neurologic outcomes. Research is needed and hopefully forthcoming, to carefully elucidate the safety and benefits of this potential therapy across the age spectrum of patients impacted by the host of pathophysiological complications of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Gomperts
- Hillhurst Biopharmaceuticals, Inc, 2029 Verdugo Blvd., #125, Montrose, CA, 91020, USA
| | - John D Belcher
- University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Harvard Medical School; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 3 Blackfan Circle Center for Life Sciences, #630, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas D Coates
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles; University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Boulevard MS #54 Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - John Wood
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles; University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Boulevard MS #54 Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Brett E Skolnick
- Hillhurst Biopharmaceuticals, Inc, 2029 Verdugo Blvd., #125, Montrose, CA, 91020, USA
| | - Howard Levy
- Hillhurst Biopharmaceuticals, Inc, 2029 Verdugo Blvd., #125, Montrose, CA, 91020, USA
| | - Gregory M Vercellotti
- University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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89
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Li G, Xue H, Fan Z, Bai Y. Impact of heme on specific antibody production in mice: promotive, inhibitive or null outcome is determined by its concentration. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00303. [PMID: 28560357 PMCID: PMC5435615 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Free heme is an endogenous danger signal that provokes innate immunity. Active innate immunity provides a precondition of an effective adaptive immune response. However, heme catabolites, CO, biliverdin and bilirubin trigger immunosuppression. Furthermore, free heme induces expression of heme oxygenase-1 to increase production of CO, biliverdin and bilirubin. As such, free heme can play a paradoxical role in adaptive immunity. What is the outcome of the animal immune response to an antigen in the presence of free heme? This question remains to be explored. Here, we report the immunization results of rats and mice after intraperitoneal injection of formulations containing BSA and heme. When the heme concentrations were below 1 μM, between 1 μM and 5 μM and above 5 μM, production of anti-BSA IgG and IgM was unaffected, enhanced and suppressed, respectively. The results suggest that heme can influence adaptive immunity by double concentration-thresholds. If the heme concentrations are less than the first threshold, there is no effect on adaptive immunity; if the concentrations are more than the first but less than the second threshold, there is promotion effect; and if the concentrations are more than the second threshold, there is an inhibitory effect. A hypothesis is also presented here to explain the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Li
- Experimental Training Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China, 519082
| | - Haiyan Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510275
| | - Zeng Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510275
| | - Yun Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510275
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90
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Minegishi S, Yumura A, Miyoshi H, Negi S, Taketani S, Motterlini R, Foresti R, Kano K, Kitagishi H. Detection and Removal of Endogenous Carbon Monoxide by Selective and Cell-Permeable Hemoprotein Model Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5984-5991. [PMID: 28388069 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced in mammalian cells during heme metabolism and serves as an important signaling messenger. Here we report the bioactive properties of selective CO scavengers, hemoCD1 and its derivative R8-hemoCD1, which have the ability to detect and remove endogenous CO in cells. HemoCD1 is a supramolecular hemoprotein-model complex composed of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphinatoiron(II) and a per-O-methylated β-cyclodextrin dimer having an pyridine linker. We demonstrate that hemoCD1 can be used effectively to quantify endogenous CO in cell lysates by a simple spectrophotometric method. The hemoCD1 assay detected ca. 260 pmol of CO in 106 hepatocytes, which was well-correlated with the amount of intracellular bilirubin, the final breakdown product of heme metabolism. We then covalently attached an octaarginine peptide to a maleimide-appended hemoCD1 to synthesize R8-hemoCD1, a cell-permeable CO scavenger. Indeed, R8-hemoCD1 was taken up by intact cells and captured intracellular CO with high efficiency. Moreover, we revealed that removal of endogenous CO by R8-hemoCD1 in cultured macrophages led to a significant increase (ca. 2.5-fold) in reactive oxygen species production and exacerbation of inflammation after challenge with lipopolysaccharide. Thus, R8-hemoCD1 represents a powerful expedient for exploring specific and still unidentified biological functions of CO in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saika Minegishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University , Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Aki Yumura
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University , Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Hirotsuna Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University , Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Shigeru Negi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts , Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Shigeru Taketani
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University , Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Roberto Motterlini
- Inserm U955 , Team 12, Créteil 94000, France.,Université Paris Est , Faculty of Medicine, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Roberta Foresti
- Inserm U955 , Team 12, Créteil 94000, France.,Université Paris Est , Faculty of Medicine, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Koji Kano
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University , Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitagishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University , Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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91
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Bak SU, Kim S, Hwang HJ, Yun JA, Kim WS, Won MH, Kim JY, Ha KS, Kwon YG, Kim YM. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/carbon monoxide (CO) axis suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation by inhibiting redox-sensitive NF-κB activation. BMB Rep 2017; 50:103-108. [PMID: 28088947 PMCID: PMC5342874 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.2.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO-1) catalyzes heme to carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin/bilirubin, and iron and is known to prevent the pathogenesis of several human diseases. We assessed the beneficial effect of heme degradation products on osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with CORM-2 (a CO donor) and bilirubin, but not with iron, decreased RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, with CORM-2 having a more potent anti-osteogenic effect. CORM-2 also inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic resorption activity in marrow-derived macrophages. Treatment with hemin, a HO-1 inducer, strongly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in wild-type macrophages, but was ineffective in HO-1+/− cells. CORM-2 reduced RANKL-induced NFATc1 expression by inhibiting IKK-dependent NF-κB activation and reactive oxygen species production. These results suggest that CO potently inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting redox-sensitive NF-κB-mediated NFATc1 expression. Our findings indicate that HO-1/CO can act as an antiresorption agent and reduce bone loss by blocking osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Uk Bak
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hae-Jun Hwang
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jung-A Yun
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Wan-Sung Kim
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Departments of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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92
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Botto S, Gustin JK, Moses AV. The Heme Metabolite Carbon Monoxide Facilitates KSHV Infection by Inhibiting TLR4 Signaling in Endothelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:568. [PMID: 28421060 PMCID: PMC5376558 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and certain rare B cell lymphoproliferative disorders. KSHV infection of endothelial cells (EC) in vitro increases expression of the inducible host-encoded enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is also strongly expressed in KS tumors. HO-1 catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the conversion of heme into iron, biliverdin and the gasotransmitter carbon monoxide (CO), all of which share anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, pro-survival, and tumorigenic activities. Our previous work has shown that HO-1 expression in KSHV-infected EC is characterized by a rapid yet transient induction at early times post-infection, followed by a sustained upregulation co-incident with establishment of viral latency. These two phases of expression are independently regulated, suggesting distinct roles for HO-1 in the virus life cycle. Here, we investigated the role of HO-1 during acute infection, prior to the onset of viral gene expression. The early infection phase involves a series of events that culminate in delivery of the viral genome to the nucleus. Primary infection also leads to activation of host innate immune effectors, including the pattern recognition receptor TLR4, to induce an antiviral response. It has been shown that TLR4-deficient EC are more susceptible to KSHV infection than wild-type controls, suggesting an important inhibitory role for TLR4 in the KSHV life cycle. TLR4 signaling is in turn subject to regulation by several virus-encoded immune evasion factors. In this report we identify HO-1 as a host protein co-opted by KSHV as part of a rapid immune evasion strategy. Specifically, we show that early HO-1 induction by KSHV results in increased levels of endogenous CO, which functions as a TLR4 signaling inhibitor. In addition, we show that CO-mediated inhibition of TLR4 signaling leads to reduced expression of TLR4-induced antiviral genes, thus dampening the host antiviral response and facilitating KSHV infection. Conversely, inhibition of HO-1 activity decreases intracellular CO, enhances the host antiviral response and inhibits KSHV infection. In conclusion, this study identifies HO-1 as a novel innate immune evasion factor in the context of KSHV infection and supports HO-1 inhibition as a viable therapeutic strategy for KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Botto
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, PortlandOR, USA
| | - Jean K Gustin
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, PortlandOR, USA
| | - Ashlee V Moses
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, PortlandOR, USA
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93
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Yamada H, Umemoto T, Kawano M, Kawakami M, Kakei M, Momomura SI, Ishikawa SE, Hara K. High-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A-I inhibit palmitate-induced translocation of toll-like receptor 4 into lipid rafts and inflammatory cytokines in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:403-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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94
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Buechler C, Pohl R, Aslanidis C. Pro-Resolving Molecules-New Approaches to Treat Sepsis? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030476. [PMID: 28241480 PMCID: PMC5372492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex response of the body to exogenous and endogenous insults. Chronic and systemic diseases are attributed to uncontrolled inflammation. Molecules involved in the initiation of inflammation are very well studied while pathways regulating its resolution are insufficiently investigated. Approaches to down-modulate mediators relevant for the onset and duration of inflammation are successful in some chronic diseases, while all of them have failed in sepsis patients. Inflammation and immune suppression characterize sepsis, indicating that anti-inflammatory strategies alone are inappropriate for its therapy. Heme oxygenase 1 is a sensitive marker for oxidative stress and is upregulated in inflammation. Carbon monoxide, which is produced by this enzyme, initiates multiple anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving activities with higher production of omega-3 fatty acid-derived lipid metabolites being one of its protective actions. Pro-resolving lipids named maresins, resolvins and protectins originate from the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid while lipoxins are derived from arachidonic acid. These endogenously produced lipids do not simply limit inflammation but actively contribute to its resolution, and thus provide an opportunity to combat chronic inflammatory diseases and eventually sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Rebekka Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Charalampos Aslanidis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
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95
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Ngo QMT, Tran PT, Tran MH, Kim JA, Rho SS, Lim CH, Kim JC, Woo MH, Choi JS, Lee JH, Min BS. Alkaloids from Piper nigrum Exhibit Antiinflammatory Activity via Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Phytother Res 2017; 31:663-670. [PMID: 28185326 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, ten alkaloids, namely chabamide (1), pellitorine (2), retrofractamide A (3), pyrroperine (4), isopiperolein B (5), piperamide C9:1 (8E) (6), 6,7-dehydrobrachyamide B (7), 4,5-dihydropiperine (8), dehydropipernonaline (9), and piperine (10), were isolated from the fruits of Piper nigrum. Among these, chabamide (1), pellitorine (2), retrofractamide A (3), isopiperolein B (5), and 6,7-dehydrobrachyamide B (7) exhibited significant inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 6.8, 14.5, 30.2, 23.7, and 38.5 μM, respectively. Furthermore, compound 1 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IC50 value of 9.5 μM. Consistent with NO inhibition, treatment of RAW264.7 cells with chabamide (1), pellitorine (2), and 6,7-dehydrobrachyamide B (7) suppressed expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Chabamide (1), pellitorine (2), and 6,7-dehydrobrachyamide B (7) induced heme-oxygenase-1 expression at the transcriptional level. In addition, compound 1 induced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and upregulated the expression of Nrf2 target genes, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase catalytic subunit, in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells. These findings suggest that chabamide (1) from P. nigrum exert antiinflammatory effects via the activation of the Nrf2/heme-oxygenase-1 pathway; hence, it might be a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Mai Thi Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research, and Development Center, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Korea
| | - Phuong Thao Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24341, Korea
| | - Manh Hung Tran
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research, and Development Center, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Seong Soo Rho
- Korean Medicine of College, DaeguHaany University, Daegu, 42158, Korea
| | - Chi-Hwan Lim
- Department of Bio Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Deajeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research, and Development Center, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Korea
| | - Jae Sui Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24341, Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research, and Development Center, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Korea
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96
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Kitagishi H, Minegishi S. Iron(II)porphyrin–Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Complex as a Carbon Monoxide-Depleting Agent in Living Organisms. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:336-340. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kitagishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Saika Minegishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
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97
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Lin S, Zhang Y, Long Y, Wan H, Che L, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Li J, Wu D, Fang Z. Mammary inflammatory gene expression was associated with reproductive stage and regulated by docosahexenoic acid: in vitro and in vivo studies. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:215. [PMID: 27938408 PMCID: PMC5148867 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periparturient mastitis is the most prevalent disease affecting lactating animals. However, it has long been relied on antibiotics to deal with mastitis, leading to a potential threat to food safety. This study was aimed to investigate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mammary glands of sows around parturition when mastitis and oxidative stress usually occur, and evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of docosahexenoic acid (DHA) in porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMEC) challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Mammary tissues and blood samples were collected from seven pregnant sows at different reproductive stages. Primarily cultured PMEC at passage 4 were assigned to four treatments: basal medium (control), basal medium with LPS (10 μg/mL) (LPS treatment), basal medium with LPS (10 μg/mL) and DHA (100 or 200 μM) (LPS + DHA treatments), and cell samples were harvested after 24 h incubation. The measurements included oxidative stress markers in blood samples and gene expression in mammary tissues and PMEC samples. Results Serum α-tocopherol concentration was lower at parturition than at day 90 of gestation and day 28 post parturition, while serum malondialdehyde concentration was higher at day 28 post parturition than at day 90 of gestation. Higher interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA abundance while lower LPS binding protein mRNA abundance in mammary tissues were observed at day 90 of gestation compared with that at parturition and at day 28 and 35 post parturition. Mammary tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA abundance were lower at parturition than at day 90 of gestation and day 28 and 35 post parturition, whereas mammary IL-8 mRNA abundance were lower at parturition than at day 35 post parturition. In the PMEC experiment, compared with the control, increased mRNA abundances of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 downstream target, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), IL-6 and IL-8 were observed in LPS treatment, whereas DHA appeared to decrease mRNA abundances of MyD88, IL-6 and IL-8 induced by LPS. Conclusions The down-regulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mammary tissues and aggravated systemic oxidative stress at parturition suggest that sows are in a vulnerable status during periparturient period. DHA appears to attenuate inflammatory responses in LPS-challenged PMEC through modulation of TLR4 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanrong Long
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Wan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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Grace PM, Gaudet AD, Staikopoulos V, Maier SF, Hutchinson MR, Salvemini D, Watkins LR. Nitroxidative Signaling Mechanisms in Pathological Pain. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:862-879. [PMID: 27842920 PMCID: PMC5148691 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue injury can initiate bidirectional signaling between neurons, glia, and immune cells that creates and amplifies pain. While the ability for neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and cytokines to initiate and maintain pain has been extensively studied, recent work has identified a key role for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS; nitroxidative species), including superoxide, peroxynitrite, and hydrogen peroxide. In this review we describe how nitroxidative species are generated after tissue injury and the mechanisms by which they enhance neuroexcitability in pain pathways. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for normalizing nitroxidative signaling, which may also enhance opioid analgesia, to help to alleviate the enormous burden of pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Grace
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Current address: Department of Critical Care Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Andrew D Gaudet
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Vasiliki Staikopoulos
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, and the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, and the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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99
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Lambertucci F, Motiño O, Villar S, Rigalli JP, de Luján Alvarez M, Catania VA, Martín-Sanz P, Carnovale CE, Quiroga AD, Francés DE, Ronco MT. Benznidazole, the trypanocidal drug used for Chagas disease, induces hepatic NRF2 activation and attenuates the inflammatory response in a murine model of sepsis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 315:12-22. [PMID: 27899278 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms on sepsis progression are linked to the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular antioxidant capacity. Previous studies demonstrated that benznidazole (BZL), known for its antiparasitic action on Trypanosoma cruzi, has immunomodulatory effects, increasing survival in C57BL/6 mice in a model of polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The mechanism by which BZL inhibits inflammatory response in sepsis is poorly understood. Also, our group recently reported that BZL is able to activate the nuclear factor erytroide-derived 2-Like 2 (NRF2) in vitro. The aim of the present work was to delineate the beneficial role of BZL during sepsis, analyzing its effects on the cellular redox status and the possible link to the innate immunity receptor TLR4. Specifically, we analyzed the effect of BZL on Nrf2 regulation and TLR4 expression in liver of mice 24hours post-CLP. BZL was able to induce NRF2 nuclear protein localization in CLP mice. Also, we found that protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in the NRF2 nuclear accumulation and induction of its target genes. In addition, BZL prompted a reduction in hepatic CLP-induced TLR4 protein membrane localization, evidencing its immunomodulatory effects. Together, our results demonstrate that BZL induces hepatic NRF2 activation with the concomitant increase in the antioxidant defenses, and the attenuation of inflammatory response, in part, by inhibiting TLR4 expression in a murine model of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Lambertucci
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Omar Motiño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvina Villar
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Rigalli
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - María de Luján Alvarez
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Viviana A Catania
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ariel Darío Quiroga
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Daniel Eleazar Francés
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Teresa Ronco
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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Pan Y, Liu B, Deng Z, Fan Y, Li J, Li H. Lipid Rafts Promote trans Fatty Acid-Induced Inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Lipids 2016; 52:27-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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