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Chu Y, Qian C, Chahal P, Cao C. Printed Diodes: Materials Processing, Fabrication, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801653. [PMID: 30937260 PMCID: PMC6425440 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Printing techniques for the fabrication of diodes have received increasing attention over the last decade due to their great potential as alternatives for high-throughput and cost-effective manufacturing approaches compatible with both flexible and rigid substrates. Here, the progress achieved and the challenges faced in the fabrication of printed diodes are discussed and highlighted, with a focus on the materials of significance (silicon, metal oxides, nanomaterials, and organics), the techniques utilized for ink deposition (gravure printing, screen printing, inkjet printing, aerosol jet printing, etc.), and the process through which the printed layers of diode are sintered after printing. Special attention is also given to the device applications within which the printed diodes have been successfully incorporated, particularly in the fields of rectification, light emission, energy harvesting, and displays. Considering the unmatched production scalability of printed diodes and their intrinsic suitability for flexible and wearable applications, significant improvement in performance and intensive research in development and applications of the printed diodes will continuously progress in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Chu
- Laboratory for Soft Machines & ElectronicsSchool of PackagingMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department of RadiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Premjeet Chahal
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Changyong Cao
- Laboratory for Soft Machines & ElectronicsSchool of PackagingMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
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52
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Hlongwane GN, Sekoai PT, Meyyappan M, Moothi K. Simultaneous removal of pollutants from water using nanoparticles: A shift from single pollutant control to multiple pollutant control. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:808-833. [PMID: 30530150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The steady increase in population, coupled with the rapid utilization of resources and continuous development of industry and agriculture has led to excess amounts of wastewater with changes in its composition, texture, complexity and toxicity due to the diverse range of pollutants being present in wastewater. The challenges faced by wastewater treatment today are mainly with the complexity of the wastewater as it complicates treatment processes by requiring a combination of technologies, thus resulting in longer treatment times and higher operational costs. Nanotechnology opens up a novel platform that is free from secondary pollution, inexpensive and an effective way to simultaneously remove multiple pollutants from wastewater. Currently, there are a number of studies that have presented a myriad of multi-purpose/multifunctional nanoparticles that simultaneously remove multiple pollutants in water. However, these studies have not been collated to review the direction that nanoparticle assisted wastewater treatment is heading towards. Hence, this critical review explores the feasibility and efficiency of simultaneous removal of co-existing/multiple pollutants in water using nanomaterials. The discussion begins with an introduction of different classes of pollutants and their toxicity followed by an overview and highlights of current research on multipollutant control in water using different nanomaterials as adsorbents, photocatalysts, disinfectants and microbicides. The analysis is concluded with a look at the current attempts being made towards commercialization of multipollutant control/multifunctional nanotechnology inventions. The review presents evidence of simultaneous removal of pathogenic microorganisms, inorganic and organic compound chemical pollutants using nanoparticles. Accordingly, not only is nanotechnology showcased as a promising and an environmentally-friendly way to solve the limitations of current and conventional centralised water and wastewater treatment facilities but is also presented as a good substitute or supplement in areas without those facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ntombenhle Hlongwane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Patrick Thabang Sekoai
- Hydrogen Infrastructure Centre of Competence, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Meyya Meyyappan
- Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Kapil Moothi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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53
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Li C, Ren Z, Sun X, Li H, Yan S. Deep-Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Polymers for Nondoped Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chensen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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54
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Fabrication and Characterization of Roll-to-Roll Printed Air-Gap Touch Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020245. [PMID: 30960229 PMCID: PMC6419075 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although printed electronics technology has been recently employed in the production of various devices, its use for the fabrication of electronic devices with air-gap structures remains challenging. This paper presents a productive roll-to-roll printed electronics method for the fabrication of capacitive touch sensors with air-gap structures. Each layer of the sensor was fabricated by printing or coating. The bottom electrode, and the dielectric and sacrificial layers were roll-to-roll slot-die coated on a flexible substrate. The top electrode was formed by roll-to-roll gravure printing, while the structural layer was formed by spin-coating. In particular, the sacrificial layer was coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and removed in water to form an air-gap. The successful formation of the air-gap was verified by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Electrical characteristics of the air-gap touch sensor samples were analyzed in terms of sensitivity, hysteresis, and repeatability. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can be suitable for the fabrication of air-gap sensors by using the roll-to-roll printed electronics technology.
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55
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Khlaifia D, Désert A, Mbarek M, Garreau A, Mevellec JY, Massuyeau F, Faulques E, Alimi K, Duvail JL. Self-ordering promoted by the nanoconfinement of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and its nanocomposite with single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:055603. [PMID: 30520423 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf0c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructuration and self-ordering of semiconducting organic materials are required to fabricate highly efficient photovoltaic and photoemissive devices. In this work, we investigated the combined effect of melt-assisted template processing and self-ordering of high purity regio-regular poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) to obtain nanofibers of P3HT and of P3HT-single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) nanocomposites. An original ordering of the polymer and the carbon nanotubes within the nanofibers, as well as their surprising anisotropic photoluminescent properties were determined by vibrational and optical spectroscopy. It was attributed to the combined effect of the melt-assisted wetting confined within alumina nanopores, altogether with the self-organization of both P3HT chains on the one hand, and of the P3HT charged with SWNT on the other hand. It is proposed that the well-ordered regio-regular P3HT matrix orientation is promoted by the interaction with the alumina pore surface and the 1D confinement. For the composite case, the P3HT matrix imposes additionally a preferential orientation of the SWNT transversal to the nanofiber axis. This original organization is responsible for the unexpected polarization of the composite nanofibers photoluminescence. This work opens the way to alternative methods for tackling challenges of nanofabrication to obtain more efficient optoelectronic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Khlaifia
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, F-44322 Nantes cedex 3, France. Laboratoire de Recherche LR 18ES19, Synthèse asymétrique et ingénierie moléculaire de matériaux organiques pour l'électronique organique, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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56
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Slot-Die Coating of Double Polymer Layers for the Fabrication of Organic Light Emitting Diodes. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10010053. [PMID: 30646572 PMCID: PMC6356254 DOI: 10.3390/mi10010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the slot-die coating process of two layers of organic materials for the fabrication of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), which is commonly used in OLEDs and in organic photovoltaic devices as the hole injection layer (HIL), has been deposited via slot-die coating. Uniform films of PEDOT:PSS were obtained after optimizing the slot-die processing parameters: substrate temperature, coating speed, and ink flow rate. The film quality was examined using optical microscopy, profilometry, and atomic force microscopy. Further, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (F8) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), a well know polymer blend F8:F8BT, which is used as an emissive layer in OLEDs, has been slot-die coated. The optoelectronic properties of the slot-die coated F8:F8BT films were examined by means of photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) studies. The fabricated OLEDs, consisting of slot-die coated PEDOT:PSS and F8:F8BT films, were characterized to record the brightness and current efficiency.
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Ashok Kumar S, Shankar JS, K Periyasamy B, Nayak SK. Device engineering aspects of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2018.1563133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ashok Kumar
- Adavanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jaya Seeli Shankar
- Adavanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhuvana K Periyasamy
- Department of Plastics Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjay K. Nayak
- Adavanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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58
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Hany R, Cremona M, Strassel K. Recent advances with optical upconverters made from all-organic and hybrid materials. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019; 20:497-510. [PMID: 31191760 PMCID: PMC6542176 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1610057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in near-infrared (NIR) imaging is explained by the increasing number of applications in this spectral range, which includes process monitoring and medical imaging. NIR-to-visible optical upconverters made by integrating a NIR photosensitive unit with a visible emitting unit convert incident NIR light to visible light, allowing imaging of a NIR scene directly with the naked eye. Optical upconverters made entirely from organic and hybrid materials - which include colloidal quantum dots, and metal-halide perovskites - enable low-cost and pixel-free NIR imaging. These devices have emerged as a promising addition to current NIR imagers based on inorganic semiconductor photodiode arrays interconnected with read-out integrated circuitry. Here, we review the recent progress in the field of optical upconverters made from organic and hybrid materials, explain their functionality and characterization, and identify open challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hany
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- CONTACT Roland Hany Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Functional Polymers, CH-8600Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cremona
- Optoelectronic Molecular Laboratory, Physics Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karen Strassel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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59
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McBride M, Persson N, Keane D, Bacardi G, Reichmanis E, Grover MA. A Polymer Blend Approach for Creation of Effective Conjugated Polymer Charge Transport Pathways. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:36464-36474. [PMID: 30273486 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of the distribution of polymer chain lengths on process-structure-property relationships in semiconducting organic electronics has remained elusive due to challenges in synthesizing targeted molecular weights ( Mw) and polydispersity indices. Here, a facile blending approach of various poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) molecular weights is used to investigate the impact of the distribution of polymer chain lengths on self-assembly into aggregates and associated charge transport properties. Low and high Mw samples were blended to form a highly polydisperse sample which was compared to a similar, medium Mw control. Self-assembly was induced by preprocessing the polymer solution with UV irradiation and subsequent solution aging before deposition via blade-coating. Superior charge carrier (hole) mobilities were observed for the blend and control samples. Furthermore, their solution lifetimes exceeded 14 days. UV-vis spectral analysis suggests that low Mw P3HT lacks the mesoscale crystallinity required for percolative charge transport. In contrast, when the Mw is too high, the polymer rapidly aggregates, leading to paracrystalline disorder and structural inhomogeneity that interrupts charge-transfer pathways. The role of grain boundaries, fibrillar order, and macroscale alignment is characterized via grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopic, and optical microscopic techniques. The results presented here provide additional guidance on the interplay between polymer solubility, self-assembly, network interconnectivity, and charge transport to enable robust polymer ink formulations with reliable and reproducible performance attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McBride
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Nils Persson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Danny Keane
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Guillermo Bacardi
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Elsa Reichmanis
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Georgia Institute of Technology , 901 Atlantic Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 771 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Martha A Grover
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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60
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Samal S, Thompson BC. Converging the Hole Mobility of Poly(2- N-carbazoylethyl acrylate) with Conjugated Polymers by Tuning Isotacticity. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1161-1167. [PMID: 35651268 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonconjugated electroactive polymers (also known as pendant or side-chain electroactive polymers) promise several potential advantages relative to conjugated polymers including enhanced mechanical durability, greater stability and synthesis via living polymerization techniques. However, most previous examples suffer from low charge carrier mobility. Here, using poly(2-N-carbazoylethyl acrylate) (PCzEA) as a model polymer, we investigate the ability of side-chain tacticity to influence hole mobility. Specifically, we investigated polymers with dyad isotacticity (m) ranging from ∼45 to ∼95% synthesized by several methods including free radical polymerization and anionic polymerization. We found that the hole mobility (μh) measured via the space charge limited current (SCLC) technique increased proportionally to the increasing isotacticity from 2.11 × 10-6 cm2 V-1 s-1 (m = 45.5%) to 4.68 × 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 (m = 94.7%) in unannealed samples and that mobilities could be boosted as high as 2.74 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 (m = 94.7%) with thermal annealing, which rivaled the well-known conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) (μh = 5.8 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1). As such, we report here clear experimental evidence that control of side chain tacticity can enhance charge carrier mobility in nonconjugated pendant electroactive polymers, converging with mobilities typically only observed in conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Samal
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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61
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Payne AJ, Song J, Sun Y, Welch GC. A tetrameric perylene diimide non-fullerene acceptor via unprecedented direct (hetero)arylation cross-coupling reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11443-11446. [PMID: 30250948 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06446f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on the synthesis of an indancenodithiophene perylene diimide tetramer via unique direct (hetero)arylation reactivity. The thiophene based core structure is shown to be easily functionalized with four perylene diimides at the four active C-H positions. This new reactivity provides a simple synthetic pathway towards tetrameric perylene diimides which have emerged as one of the best classes of electron acceptors for organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby-Jo Payne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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62
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Li Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Dong R, Luscombe CK. Review on the Role of Polymers in Luminescent Solar Concentrators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
- Molecular Engineering Materials Center University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Xueqiao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Yongcao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Richard Dong
- Interlake Senior High School Bellevue Washington 98008
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
- Molecular Engineering Materials Center University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
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63
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Douvogianni E, Qiu X, Qiu L, Jahani F, Kooistra FB, Hummelen JC, Chiechi RC. Soft Nondamaging Contacts Formed from Eutectic Ga-In for the Accurate Determination of Dielectric Constants of Organic Materials. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018; 30:5527-5533. [PMID: 30197469 PMCID: PMC6122948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A method for accurately measuring the relative dielectric constant (εr) of thin films of soft, organic materials is described. The effects of the bombardment of these materials with hot Al atoms, the most commonly used top electrode, are mitigated by using electrodes fabricated from eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn). The geometry of the electrode is defined by injection into microchannels to form stable structures that are nondamaging and that conform to the topology of the organic thin film. The εr of a series of references and new organic materials, polymers, and fullerene derivatives was derived from impedance spectroscopy measurements for both Al and EGaIn electrodes showing the specific limitations of Al with soft, organic materials and overcoming them with EGaIn to determine their dielectric properties and provide realistic values of εr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Douvogianni
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute
for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xinkai Qiu
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute
for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Li Qiu
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute
for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fatemeh Jahani
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute
for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris B. Kooistra
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute
for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. Hummelen
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute
for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute
for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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64
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Gu W, Yuan W, Zhong T, Wu X, Zhou C, Lin J, Cui Z. Fast near infrared sintering of silver nanoparticle ink and applications for flexible hybrid circuits. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30215-30222. [PMID: 35546861 PMCID: PMC9085410 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04468f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Near infrared(NIR) sintering technology is a photonic sintering approach for metal nanoparticle inks, which can selectively sinter metal nanoparticle inks more quickly and efficiently, and it is also compatible with high-throughput manufacturing processes. In this paper, silver nanoparticle (AgNP) ink sintered by near infrared light at a peak wavelength of 1100 nm was investigated. After only 8 seconds of exposure to NIR irradiation, resistivity of 2.78 μΩ cm was achieved for thin films printed with AgNP ink, which was only 1.7-fold higher than that of bulk silver (1.59 μΩ cm). The structure of the sintered silver film was examined by sintering printed silver nanoparticle ink samples having different thicknesses, and the results showed that AgNPs were homogeneously coalesced throughout the cross-sections of films, indicating the formation of dense silver layers. Furthermore, the morphology and electrical resistivity of the sintered AgNP film dried by NIR were compared with those of the film dried on a hot plate. It was found that drying conditions with a relatively long drying time rather than the drying temperature contributed to the reduction of voids in the film and to the improvement in its density and electrical performance. Finally, a flexible hybrid circuit integrated with a microcontroller chip on a poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) substrate was fabricated by screen printing with AgNP ink for interconnects, and its surface roughness and flexibility were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Gu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO) Suzhou China 215123
| | - Wei Yuan
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO) Suzhou China 215123
| | - Tao Zhong
- College of Information Engineering. China Jiliang University (CJLU) Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Xinzhou Wu
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO) Suzhou China 215123
| | - Chunshan Zhou
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO) Suzhou China 215123
| | - Jian Lin
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO) Suzhou China 215123
| | - Zheng Cui
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO) Suzhou China 215123
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65
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Energy level alignment and hole injection property of poly(9-vinylcarbazole)/indium tin oxide interface. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Han T, Zhang Y, He B, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Functional Poly(dihalopentadiene)s: Stereoselective Synthesis, Aggregation-Enhanced Emission and Sensitive Detection of Explosives. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E821. [PMID: 30960746 PMCID: PMC6403696 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of polymeric materials with novel structures and unique properties and functionalities is of both academic and industrial significance. In this work, functional poly(dihalopentadiene)s were synthesized by boron trihalide-mediated multicomponent polymerization routes in a stereoselective manner. The polymerizations of tetraphenylethylene-containing diyne, BX₃ (X = Cl, Br) and p-tolualdehyde proceed smoothly in dichloromethane under mild conditions to afford high molecular weight poly(dihalopentadiene)s with a predominant (Z,Z)-configuration in moderate to good yields. The reaction conditions and the boron trihalide used were found to have great effects on the stereochemistry of the resulting polymer structures. The obtained poly(1,5-dihalo-(Z,Z)-1,4-pentadiene)s possess high thermal stability and good film-forming ability. Their thin films show high refractive index of 1.9007⁻1.6462 in a wide wavelength region of 380⁻890 nm with low optical dispersion. The polymers are weakly emissive in dilute solutions but become highly emissive upon aggregated, demonstrating a unique phenomenon of aggregation-enhanced emission. Their nanoaggregates in aqueous media can serve as sensitive fluorescent chemosensors for the detection of explosives with a superamplification effect and a low detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Han
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Benzhao He
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- NSFC Center for Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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67
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Xi Y, Li DS, Newbloom GM, Tatum WK, O'Donnell M, Luscombe CK, Pozzo LD. Sonocrystallization of conjugated polymers with ultrasound fields. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:4963-4976. [PMID: 29850739 PMCID: PMC6013402 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00905h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound acoustic waves are demonstrated to assemble poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) chains into nanofibers after they are fully dissolved in what are commonly considered to be 'good' solvents. In the absence of ultrasound, the polymer remains fully dissolved and does not self-assemble for weeks. UV-vis spectroscopy, ultra-small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) are used to characterize the induced assembly process and to quantify the fraction of polymer that forms nanofibers. It is determined that the solvent type, insonation time, and aging periods are all important factors affecting the structure and final concentration of fibers. The effect of changing polymer regio-regularity, alkyl chain length, and side chain to thiophene ratio are also explored. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) fields of variable intensity are utilized to reveal the physical mechanisms leading to nanofiber formation, which is strongly correlated to cavitation events in the solvent. This in situ HIFU cell, which is designed for simultaneous scattering analysis, is also used to probe for structural changes occurring over multiple length scales using USAXS and SANS. The proposed acoustic assembly mechanism suggests that, even when dispersed in 'good' solvents such as bromobenzene, dichlorobenzene and chloroform, P3HT chains are still not in a thermodynamically stable state. Instead, they are stabilized by local energy barriers that slow down and effectively prevent crystallization. Ultrasound fields are found to provide enough mechanical energy to overcome these barriers, triggering the formation of small crystalline nuclei that subsequently seed the growth of larger nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Xi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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68
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Li C, Ren Z, Ma D, Yan S. Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Conjugated Polymeric Emitters with Tunable Nature of Excited States Regulated via Carbazole Derivatives for Solution-Processed OLEDs. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10039, China
| | - Chensen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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69
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Higginbotham H, Czichy M, Sharma B, Shaikh A, Kamble R, Data P. Electrochemically synthesised xanthone-cored conjugated polymers as materials for electrochromic windows. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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70
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Hamilton I, Chander N, Cheetham NJ, Suh M, Dyson M, Wang X, Stavrinou PN, Cass M, Bradley DDC, Kim JS. Controlling Molecular Conformation for Highly Efficient and Stable Deep-Blue Copolymer Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11070-11082. [PMID: 29508604 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel approach to achieve deep-blue, high-efficiency, and long-lived solution-processed polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) via a simple molecular level conformation change of an emissive conjugated polymer. We introduce rigid β-phase segments into a 95% fluorene-5% arylamine copolymer emissive layer. The arylamine moieties at low density act as efficient exciton formation sites in PLEDs, whereas the conformational change alters the nature of the dominant luminescence from a broad, charge transfer like emission to a significantly blue-shifted and highly vibronically structured excitonic emission. As a consequence, we observe a significant improvement in the Commission International de L'Eclairage ( x, y) coordinates from (0.149, 0.175) to (0.145, 0.123) while maintaining high efficiency and improved stability. We achieve a peak luminous efficiency, η = 3.60 cd/A, and a luminous power efficiency, ηw = 2.44 lm/W, values that represent state-of-the-art performance for single copolymer deep-blue PLEDs. These values are 5-fold better than for otherwise-equivalent, β-phase poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) PLEDs (0.70 cd/A and 0.38 lm/W). This report represents the first demonstration of the use of molecular conformation as a simple but effective method to control the optoelectronic properties of a fluorene copolymer; previous examples have been confined to homopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Hamilton
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Nathan Chander
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Nathan J Cheetham
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Minwon Suh
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Matthew Dyson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Xuhua Wang
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Paul N Stavrinou
- Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PJ , U.K
| | - Michael Cass
- Cambridge Display Technology Ltd , Unit 12 Cardinal Park , Godmanchester, Cambridgeshire PE29 2XG , U.K
| | - Donal D C Bradley
- Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PJ , U.K
- Department of Physics and Division of Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences , University of Oxford , 9 Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PD , U.K
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
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71
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Casalini S, Bortolotti CA, Leonardi F, Biscarini F. Self-assembled monolayers in organic electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:40-71. [PMID: 27722675 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00509h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly is possibly the most effective and versatile strategy for surface functionalization. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) can be formed on (semi-)conductor and dielectric surfaces, and have been used in a variety of technological applications. This work aims to review the strategy behind the design and use of self-assembled monolayers in organic electronics, discuss the mechanism of interaction of SAMs in a microscopic device, and highlight the applications emerging from the integration of SAMs in an organic device. The possibility of performing surface chemistry tailoring with SAMs constitutes a versatile approach towards the tuning of the electronic and morphological properties of the interfaces relevant to the response of an organic electronic device. Functionalisation with SAMs is important not only for imparting stability to the device or enhancing its performance, as sought at the early stages of development of this field. SAM-functionalised organic devices give rise to completely new types of behavior that open unprecedented applications, such as ultra-sensitive label-free biosensors and SAM/organic transistors that can be used as robust experimental gauges for studying charge tunneling across SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Casalini
- Life Sciences Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Carlo Augusto Bortolotti
- Life Sciences Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy. and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute for Nanosciences, Via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Leonardi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute for Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Life Sciences Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy. and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute for Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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72
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Gebhard M, Mai L, Banko L, Mitschker F, Hoppe C, Jaritz M, Kirchheim D, Zekorn C, de Los Arcos T, Grochla D, Dahlmann R, Grundmeier G, Awakowicz P, Ludwig A, Devi A. PEALD of SiO 2 and Al 2O 3 Thin Films on Polypropylene: Investigations of the Film Growth at the Interface, Stress, and Gas Barrier Properties of Dyads. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:7422-7434. [PMID: 29338170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A study on the plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of amorphous inorganic oxides SiO2 and Al2O3 on polypropylene (PP) was carried out with respect to growth taking place at the interface of the polymer substrate and the thin film employing in situ quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) experiments. A model layer of spin-coated PP (scPP) was deposited on QCM crystals prior to depositions to allow a transfer of findings from QCM studies to industrially applied PP foil. The influence of precursor choice (trimethylaluminum (TMA) vs [3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-dimethyl aluminum (DMAD)) and of plasma pretreatment on the monitored QCM response was investigated. Furthermore, dyads of SiO2/Al2O3, using different Al precursors for the Al2O3 thin-film deposition, were investigated regarding their barrier performance. Although the growth of SiO2 and Al2O3 from TMA on scPP is significantly hindered if no oxygen plasma pretreatment is applied to the scPP prior to depositions, the DMAD process was found to yield comparable Al2O3 growth directly on scPP similar to that found on a bare QCM crystal. From this, the interface formed between the Al2O3 and the PP substrate is suggested to be different for the two precursors TMA and DMAD due to different growth modes. Furthermore, the residual stress of the thin films influences the barrier properties of SiO2/Al2O3 dyads. Dyads composed of 5 nm Al2O3 (DMAD) + 5 nm SiO2 exhibit an oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of 57.4 cm3 m-2 day-1, which correlates with a barrier improvement factor of 24 against 5 when Al2O3 from TMA is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christian Hoppe
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Paderborn , 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Montgomery Jaritz
- Institute for Plastics Processing (IKV), RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dennis Kirchheim
- Institute for Plastics Processing (IKV), RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Zekorn
- Institute for Plastics Processing (IKV), RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Teresa de Los Arcos
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Paderborn , 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Dahlmann
- Institute for Plastics Processing (IKV), RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Guido Grundmeier
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Paderborn , 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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73
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Różycka A, Iwan A, Bogdanowicz KA, Filapek M, Górska N, Pociecha D, Malinowski M, Fryń P, Hreniak A, Rysz J, Dąbczyński P, Marzec M. Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO 2-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:721-739. [PMID: 29600135 PMCID: PMC5852503 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the presence of titanium dioxide in two new imines, (E,E)-(butane-1,4-diyl)bis(oxybutane-4,1-diyl) bis(4-{[(benzo[d][1,3]thiazol-2-yl)methylidene]amino}benzoate) (SP1) and (E)-N-[(benzo[d][1,3]thiazol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-dodecylaniline (SP2), on the properties and stability of imine:TiO2 composites for organic device applications were examined. The investigated titanium dioxide (in anatase form, obtained via the sol-gel method) exhibited a surface area of 59.5 m2/g according to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theory, and its structure is a combination of both meso- and microporous. The average pore diameter calculated by the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method was 6.2 nm and the cumulative volume of pores was 0.117 m3/g. The imine SP1 exhibited columnar organization (Col), while SP2 revealed a hexagonal columnar crystalline phase (Colhk). The imine:TiO2 mixtures in various weight ratio (3:0, 3:1, 3:2, 3:3) showed a lower energy gap and HOMO-LUMO energy levels compared to pure TiO2. This implies that TiO2 provides not only a larger surface area for sensitizer adsorption and good electron collection, but also causes a shift of the imine energy levels resulting from intermolecular interaction. Also the temperature of the phase transition was slightly affected with the increase of TiO2 concentration in imine-based composites. The changes observed in the Fourier transform middle-infrared absorption (FT-MIR) spectra confirmed the significant influence of TiO2 on structural properties of both investigated imines. Similar interactions of oxygen vacancies existing on the TiO2 surface with SP1 and SP2 were observed. The imine:TiO2 mixtures showed good air stability and reusability, which demonstrates its potential for organic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Różycka
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, prof. S. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Iwan
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50-961 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Natalia Górska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Damian Pociecha
- University of Warsaw, Department of Chemistry, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Malinowski
- Electrotechnical Institute, Division of Electrotechnology and Materials Science, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 55/61 Street, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
- Hydrogen South Africa (HySA) Systems and Validation Centre, SAIAMC, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Patryk Fryń
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, prof. S. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Hreniak
- Electrotechnical Institute, Division of Electrotechnology and Materials Science, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 55/61 Street, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Rysz
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, prof. S. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Dąbczyński
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, prof. S. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Marzec
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, prof. S. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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74
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Zeng X, Luo J, Zhou T, Chen T, Zhou X, Wu K, Zou Y, Xie G, Gong S, Yang C. Using Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene To Construct Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Polymers: High-Efficiency Blue Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Luo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianheng Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kailong Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaolong Gong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
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75
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Chwee TS, Wong ZC, Sullivan MB, Fan WY. Photophysical properties of acetylene-linked syn bimane oligomers: a molecular photonic wire. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:1150-1163. [PMID: 29239433 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06673b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies using correlated wave function methods and density functional theory were carried out on a series of acetylene-linked bimane oligomers with particular emphasis on their excitonic properties and implications for intra-chain excitation energy transfer (EET). The low energy barriers found for the rotation of bimane subunits about the longitudinal axis are such that the π-conjugation is easily disrupted. Nevertheless, a distinctive feature of the oligomer lies in the parallel alignment of the S1 transition dipole along the longitudinal axis, which sustains electronic coupling between adjacent bimane subunits over a range of torsional angles and is crucial for driving intra-chain EET. Using a model that comprises hexameric donor and acceptor fragments, we evaluated electronic couplings and spectral overlaps, and applied Fermi's golden rule (in the weak electronic coupling regime) to approximate the lower limit of intra-chain EET in an acetylene-linked bimane photonic wire.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Chwee
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 138632, Singapore.
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76
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Sommer L. Comparative analysis of printed electronic circuits applying different printing technologies in the endurance test. AIMS ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2018.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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77
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Debnath J, Kunnikuruvan S, Sinha N, Parandekar PV, Prakash O, Tsotsis TK, Nair NN. A database-based approach for predicting coupled cascade reaction kinetics in polymers: application to oxidative degradation kinetics of high-performance polymers. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1413712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayashrita Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Sooraj Kunnikuruvan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Nishant Sinha
- Boeing Research & Technology, India-Center, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Om Prakash
- Boeing Research & Technology, India-Center, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Nisanth N. Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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78
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Wei C, Zhuang J, Zhang D, Guo W, Yang D, Xie Z, Tang J, Su W, Zeng H, Cui Z. Pyridine-Based Electron-Transport Materials with High Solubility, Excellent Film-Forming Ability, and Wettability for Inkjet-Printed OLEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38716-38727. [PMID: 28994279 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Film morphology has predominant influence on the performance of multilayered organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), whereas there is little reported literature from the angle of the molecular level to investigate the impact on film-forming ability and device performance. In this work, four isomeric cross-linkable electron-transport materials constructed with pyridine, 1,2,4-triazole, and vinylbenzyl ether groups were developed for inkjet-printed OLEDs. Their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (∼3.20 eV) and highest occupied molecular orbital (∼6.50 eV) levels are similar, which are mainly determined by the 1,2,4-triazole groups. The triplet energies of these compounds can be tuned from 2.51 to 2.82 eV by different coupling modes with the core of pyridine, where the 2,6-pyridine-based compound has the highest value of 2.82 eV. Film formation and solubility of the compounds were investigated. It was found that the 2,6-pyridine-based compound outperformed the 2,4-pyridine, 2,5-pyridine, and 3,5-pyridine-based compounds. The spin-coated blue OLEDs based on the four compounds have achieved over 14.0% external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) at the luminance of 100 cd m-2, and a maximum EQE of 12.1% was obtained for the inkjet-printed device with 2,6-pyridine-based compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Wei
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Zhuang
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Zhang
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrui Guo
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Yang
- Market & Product Planning Department, VOSBU , No. 9 Dize Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhi Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Su
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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79
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Janasz L, Gradzka M, Chlebosz D, Zajaczkowski W, Marszalek T, Kiersnowski A, Ulanski J, Pisula W. Microstructure-Dependent Charge Carrier Transport of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Ultrathin Films with Different Thicknesses. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4189-4197. [PMID: 28383267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the interfacial order of conjugated polymers plays an essential role for the performance of field-effect transistors, comprehensive understanding on the charge carrier transport in ultrathin semiconducting films below thicknesses of 10 nm is required for the development of transparent and flexible organic electronics. In this study, ultrathin films based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) as conjugated polymer model system with a thickness range from single monolayer up to several multilayers are investigated in terms of microstructure evolution and electrical properties of different molecular weights. Interestingly, a characteristic leap in field-effect mobility is observed for films with thickness greater than four layers. This threshold mobility regarding film thickness is attributed to the transition from 2D to 3D charge carrier transport along with an increased size of the P3HT aggregates in the upper layers of the film. These results disclose key aspects on the role of the film interlayer on the charge carrier transport through conjugated polymers in transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Janasz
- Lodz University of Technology , Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Physics, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzena Gradzka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Chlebosz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyererstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam Kiersnowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Ulanski
- Lodz University of Technology , Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Physics, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Lodz University of Technology , Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Physics, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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80
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Crossley DL, Goh R, Cid J, Vitorica-Yrezabal I, Turner ML, Ingleson MJ. Borylated Arylamine–Benzothiadiazole Donor–Acceptor Materials as Low-LUMO, Low-Band-Gap Chromophores. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Crossley
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Rosanne Goh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Cid
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael L. Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Ingleson
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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81
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Persson NE, Chu PH, McBride M, Grover M, Reichmanis E. Nucleation, Growth, and Alignment of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanofibers for High-Performance OFETs. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:932-942. [PMID: 28234458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated semiconducting polymers have been the subject of intense study for over two decades with promising advances toward a printable electronics manufacturing ecosystem. These materials will deliver functional electronic devices that are lightweight, flexible, large-area, and cost-effective, with applications ranging from biomedical sensors to solar cells. Synthesis of novel molecules has led to significant improvements in charge carrier mobility, a defining electrical performance metric for many applications. However, the solution processing and thin film deposition of conjugated polymers must also be properly controlled to obtain reproducible device performance. This has led to an abundance of research on the process-structure-property relationships governing the microstructural evolution of the model semicrystalline poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as applied to organic field effect transistor (OFET) fabrication. What followed was the production of an expansive body of work on the crystallization, self-assembly, and charge transport behavior of this semiflexible polymer whose strong π-π stacking interactions allow for highly creative methods of structural control, including the modulation of solvent and solution properties, flow-induced crystallization and alignment techniques, structural templating, and solid-state thermal and mechanical processing. This Account relates recent progress in the microstructural control of P3HT thin films through the nucleation, growth, and alignment of P3HT nanofibers. Solution-based nanofiber formation allows one to develop structural order prior to thin film deposition, mitigating the need for intricate deposition processes and enabling the use of batch and continuous chemical processing steps. Fiber growth is framed as a traditional crystallization problem, with the balance between nucleation and growth rates determining the fiber size and ultimately the distribution of grain boundaries in the solid state. Control of nucleation can be accomplished through a sonication-based seeding procedure, while growth can be modulated through supersaturation control via the tuning of solvent quality, the use of UV irradiation or through aging. These principles carry over to the flow-induced growth of P3HT nanofibers in a continuous microfluidic processing system, leading to thin films with significantly enhanced mobility. Further gains can be made by promoting long-range polymer chain alignment, achieved by depositing nanofibers through shear-based coating methods that promote high fiber packing density and alignment. All of these developments in processing were carried out on a standard OFET platform, enabling us to generalize quantitative structure-property relationships from structural data sources such as UV-vis, AFM, and GIWAXS. It is shown that a linear correlation exists between mobility and the in-plane orientational order of nanofibers, as extracted from AFM images using advanced computer vision software developed by our group. Herein, we discuss data-driven approaches to the determination of process-structure-property relationships, as well as the transferability of structural control strategies for P3HT to other conjugated polymer systems and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils E. Persson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and §School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ping-Hsun Chu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and §School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michael McBride
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and §School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Martha Grover
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and §School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Elsa Reichmanis
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and §School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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82
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Islam N, Lone IH. Computational Studies on Optoelectronic and Nonlinear Properties of Octaphyrin Derivatives. Front Chem 2017; 5:11. [PMID: 28321394 PMCID: PMC5338300 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of octaphyrin derivatives were studied by employing the DFT/TDFT at CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G (2d, 2p) level of the theory. Thiophene, phenyl, methyl and cyano moieties were substituted on the molecular framework of octaphyrin core, in order to observe the change in optoelectronic and nonlinear response of these systems. The frontier molecular orbital studies and values of electron affinity reveals that the studied compounds are stable against the oxygen and moisture present in air. The calculated ionization energies, adiabatic electron affinity and reorganization energy values indicate that octaphyrin derivatives can be employed as effective n-type material for Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). This character shows an enhancement with the introduction of an electron withdrawing group in the octaphyrin framework. The polarizability and hyperpolarizability values of octaphyrin derivatives demonstrate that they are good candidates for NLO devices. The nonlinear response of these systems shows enhancement on the introduction of electron donating groups on octaphyrin moiety. However, these claims needs further experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasarul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, India
| | - Irfan H Lone
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Kupwara, India
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83
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Nübling F, Komber H, Sommer M. All-Conjugated, All-Crystalline Donor–Acceptor Block Copolymers P3HT-b-PNDIT2 via Direct Arylation Polycondensation. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Nübling
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger Institut
für interaktive Materialien und bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Koehler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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84
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Islam N, Chimni SS. Geometrical structure and nonlinear response variations of metal (M = Ni2+, Pd2+, Pt2+) octaphyrin complex derivatives: A DFT study. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1290799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasarul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, U.G.C. Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Swapandeep Singh Chimni
- Department of Chemistry, U.G.C. Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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85
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McAllister BT, Schon TB, DiCarmine PM, Seferos DS. A study of fused-ring thieno[3,4-e]pyrazine polymers as n-type materials for organic supercapacitors. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer pseudocapacitors achieve high capacitances because they store charge through fast, reversible redox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony T. McAllister
- Lash Miller Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Tyler B. Schon
- Lash Miller Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Paul M. DiCarmine
- Lash Miller Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Lash Miller Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- M5S 3H6 Canada
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86
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Lombeck F, Di D, Yang L, Meraldi L, Athanasopoulos S, Credgington D, Sommer M, Friend RH. PCDTBT: From Polymer Photovoltaics to Light-Emitting Diodes by Side-Chain-Controlled Luminescence. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lombeck
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dawei Di
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Le Yang
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Meraldi
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Stavros Athanasopoulos
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Credgington
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT Freiburger Zentrum
für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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87
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Alamán J, Alicante R, Peña JI, Sánchez-Somolinos C. Inkjet Printing of Functional Materials for Optical and Photonic Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E910. [PMID: 28774032 PMCID: PMC5457235 DOI: 10.3390/ma9110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inkjet printing, traditionally used in graphics, has been widely investigated as a valuable tool in the preparation of functional surfaces and devices. This review focuses on the use of inkjet printing technology for the manufacturing of different optical elements and photonic devices. The presented overview mainly surveys work done in the fabrication of micro-optical components such as microlenses, waveguides and integrated lasers; the manufacturing of large area light emitting diodes displays, liquid crystal displays and solar cells; as well as the preparation of liquid crystal and colloidal crystal based photonic devices working as lasers or optical sensors. Special emphasis is placed on reviewing the materials employed as well as in the relevance of inkjet in the manufacturing of the different devices showing in each of the revised technologies, main achievements, applications and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alamán
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C./Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
- BSH, Polígono Industrial de PLA-ZA, Ronda del Canal Imperial de Aragón, 18-20, Zaragoza 50197, Spain.
| | - Raquel Alicante
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C./Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Jose Ignacio Peña
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales y Fluidos, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C./María de Luna 3, Zaragoza 50018, Spain.
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Somolinos
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C./Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
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88
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Saint-Louis CJ, Magill LL, Wilson JA, Schroeder AR, Harrell SE, Jackson NS, Trindell JA, Kim S, Fisch AR, Munro L, Catalano VJ, Webster CE, Vaughan PP, Molek KS, Schrock AK, Huggins MT. The Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Fluorescent Polycyclic Azaborine Chromophores. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10955-10963. [PMID: 27704820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Jacky Saint-Louis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Lacey L. Magill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Julie A. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Andrew R. Schroeder
- Department
of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
- School
of Medicine, University of Alabama, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Sarah E. Harrell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Nicolle S. Jackson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Jamie A. Trindell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas-Austin, 120 Inner Campus Dr., Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Saraphina Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Alexander R. Fisch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Dr., Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lyndsay Munro
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Vincent J. Catalano
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Pamela P. Vaughan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Karen S. Molek
- Department
of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Alan K. Schrock
- Department
of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Michael T. Huggins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
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89
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Luck KA, Arnold HN, Shastry TA, Marks TJ, Hersam MC. Suppression of Polyfluorene Photo-Oxidative Degradation via Encapsulation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4223-4229. [PMID: 27723986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluorenes have achieved noteworthy performance in organic electronic devices but exhibit undesired green band emission under photo-oxidative conditions that have limited their broad utility in optoelectronic applications. In addition, polyfluorenes are well-known dispersants of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), although the influence of SWCNTs on polyfluorene photo-oxidative stability has not yet been defined. Here we quantitatively explore the photophysical properties of poly[(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] (PFN) under photo-oxidative conditions when it is in van der Waals contact with SWCNTs. Photoluminescence spectroscopy tracks the spectral evolution of the polymer emission following ambient ultraviolet (UV) exposure, confirming that PFN exhibits green band emission. In marked contrast, PFN-wrapped SWCNTs possess high spectral stability without green band emission under the same ambient UV exposure conditions. By investigating a series of PFN thin films as a function of SWCNT content, it is shown that SWCNT loadings as low as ∼23 wt % suppress photo-oxidative degradation. These findings suggest that PFN-SWCNT composites provide an effective pathway toward utilizing polyfluorenes in organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Luck
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Heather N Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tejas A Shastry
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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90
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Nehm F, Dollinger F, Fahlteich J, Klumbies H, Leo K, Müller-Meskamp L. Importance of Interface Diffusion and Climate in Defect Dominated Moisture Ultrabarrier Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:19807-19812. [PMID: 27417140 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OLEDs and organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices require encapsulation from water vapor using a permeation barrier system. As a benchmark for barrier quality, often only a single number is provided as water vapor transmission rate. However, this value is highly dependent on the aging climate. So far, little scientific effort has been undertaken to characterize ultrahigh moisture barriers at different temperatures and relative humidities. We present Ca-test studies on sputtered Zinc-Tin-Oxide and atomic layer deposited AlOx barriers in extensively varied climates. Relative humidities are changed at constant temperatures, and temperatures are changed at constant absolute humidity. We find Henry's law to apply for sorption and discover a fundamental change of the diffusion regime with time related to the interface between the test and the barrier thin-film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Nehm
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Dollinger
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - John Fahlteich
- Fraunhofer Institut für Organische Elektronik, Elektronenstrahl- und Plasmatechnik (FEP), Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannes Klumbies
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Leo
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Müller-Meskamp
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
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91
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Wildman J, Repiščák P, Paterson MJ, Galbraith I. General Force-Field Parametrization Scheme for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Conjugated Materials in Solution. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:3813-24. [PMID: 27397762 PMCID: PMC4980687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
describe a general scheme to obtain force-field parameters for
classical molecular dynamics simulations of conjugated polymers. We
identify a computationally inexpensive methodology for calculation
of accurate intermonomer dihedral potentials and partial charges.
Our findings indicate that the use of a two-step methodology of geometry
optimization and single-point energy calculations using DFT methods
produces potentials which compare favorably to high level theory calculation.
We also report the effects of varying the conjugated backbone length
and alkyl side-chain lengths on the dihedral profiles and partial
charge distributions and determine the existence of converged lengths
above which convergence is achieved in the force-field parameter sets.
We thus determine which calculations are required for accurate parametrization
and the scope of a given parameter set for variations to a given molecule.
We perform simulations of long oligomers of dioctylfluorene and hexylthiophene
in explicit solvent and find peristence lengths and end-length distributions
consistent with experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Wildman
- Institute for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA and ‡Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Repiščák
- Institute for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA and ‡Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA and ‡Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Galbraith
- Institute for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA and ‡Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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92
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Derue L, Olivier S, Tondelier D, Maindron T, Geffroy B, Ishow E. All-Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Photostable Photo-cross-linkable Fluorescent Small Molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:16207-17. [PMID: 27280695 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate herein the fabrication of small molecule-based OLEDs where four organic layers from the hole- to the electron-transporting layers have successively been deposited by using an all-solution process. The key feature of the device relies on a novel photopolymerizable red-emitting material, made of small fluorophores substituted with two acrylate units, and displaying high-quality film-forming properties as well as high emission quantum yield as nondoped thin films. Insoluble emissive layers were obtained upon UV irradiation using low illumination doses, with no further need of postcuring. Very low photodegradation was noticed, giving rise to bright layers with a remarkable surface quality, characterized by a mean RMS roughness as low as 0.7 nm after development. Comparative experiments between solution-processed OLEDs and vacuum-processed OLEDs made of fluorophores with close architectures show external quantum efficiencies in the same range while displaying distinct behaviors in terms of current and power efficiencies. They validate the proof of concept of nondoped solution-processable emissive layers exclusively made of photopolymerized fluorophores, thereby reducing the amount of components and opening the way toward cost-effective fabrication of solution-processed OLED multilayer architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Derue
- LICSEN, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Simon Olivier
- CEISAM-UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes , 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, Département Optique et Photonique, Laboratoire des Composants pour la Visualisation, Université Grenoble Alpes , 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Denis Tondelier
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris Saclay , 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Tony Maindron
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, Département Optique et Photonique, Laboratoire des Composants pour la Visualisation, Université Grenoble Alpes , 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Bernard Geffroy
- LICSEN, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Eléna Ishow
- CEISAM-UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes , 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
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93
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Abstract
Nanomanufacturing, the commercially scalable and economically sustainable mass production of nanoscale materials and devices, represents the tangible outcome of the nanotechnology revolution. In contrast to those used in nanofabrication for research purposes, nanomanufacturing processes must satisfy the additional constraints of cost, throughput, and time to market. Taking silicon integrated circuit manufacturing as a baseline, we consider the factors involved in matching processes with products, examining the characteristics and potential of top-down and bottom-up processes, and their combination. We also discuss how a careful assessment of the way in which function can be made to follow form can enable high-volume manufacturing of nanoscale structures with the desired useful, and exciting, properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Alexander Liddle
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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94
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Mori T, Imanishi M, Nishikawa T. Estimation of Electron Current in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using an Operating Point Model. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2016. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.29.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Mori
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology
| | - Masato Imanishi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University
| | - Takao Nishikawa
- Center for Regional Collaboration in Research and Education, Iwate University
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95
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Wang D, Guo Q, Gao H, Yang Z, Cao H, He W, Wang H. Facile synthesis of functional poly(vinylene sulfide)s containing donor–acceptor chromophores by a double click reaction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05000j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The new electronically active poly(vinylene sulfide)s containing dialkylaniline-substituted electron-rich alkynes in the side chains were designed and synthesized by the ‘thiol-click’ polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
| | - Qingsen Guo
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
| | - Hong Gao
- Division of Material Engineering
- China Academy of Space Technology
- Beijing 100094
- PR China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
| | - Wanli He
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
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96
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Kakogianni S, Lebedeva MA, Paloumbis G, Andreopoulou AK, Porfyrakis K, Kallitsis JK. Semiconducting end-perfluorinated P3HT–fullerenic hybrids as potential additives for P3HT/IC70BA blends. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22857g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid materials based on polythiophene–fullerene species covalently attached through aziridine bridges are presented, as potential stabilizers of P3HT:IC70BA active layers for BHJ devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kakogianni
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Patras
- 26504 Patras
- Greece
| | | | | | - A. K. Andreopoulou
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Patras
- 26504 Patras
- Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT)
| | | | - J. K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Patras
- 26504 Patras
- Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT)
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97
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Nikolaenko AE, Cass M, Bourcet F, Mohamad D, Roberts M. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Polymers: A New Route toward Highly Efficient Solution Processable OLEDs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7236-7240. [PMID: 26457683 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Efficient intermonomer thermally activated delayed fluorescence is demonstrated for the first time, opening a new route to achieving high-efficiency solution processable polymer light-emitting device materials. External quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 10% is achieved in a simple fully solution-processed device structure, and routes for further EQE improvement identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey E Nikolaenko
- Cambridge Display Technology Limited, Unit 12, Cardinal Park, Cardinal Way, Godmanchester, PE29 2XG, UK
| | - Michael Cass
- Cambridge Display Technology Limited, Unit 12, Cardinal Park, Cardinal Way, Godmanchester, PE29 2XG, UK
| | - Florence Bourcet
- Cambridge Display Technology Limited, Unit 12, Cardinal Park, Cardinal Way, Godmanchester, PE29 2XG, UK
| | - David Mohamad
- Cambridge Display Technology Limited, Unit 12, Cardinal Park, Cardinal Way, Godmanchester, PE29 2XG, UK
| | - Matthew Roberts
- Cambridge Display Technology Limited, Unit 12, Cardinal Park, Cardinal Way, Godmanchester, PE29 2XG, UK
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98
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Lombeck F, Komber H, Sepe A, Friend RH, Sommer M. Enhancing Phase Separation and Photovoltaic Performance of All-Conjugated Donor–Acceptor Block Copolymers with Semifluorinated Alkyl Side Chains. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lombeck
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandro Sepe
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin
des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT, Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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99
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Nehm F, Klumbies H, Richter C, Singh A, Schroeder U, Mikolajick T, Mönch T, Hoßbach C, Albert M, Bartha JW, Leo K, Müller-Meskamp L. Breakdown and Protection of ALD Moisture Barrier Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:22121-22127. [PMID: 26399760 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The water vapor barrier properties of low-temperature atomic layer deposited (ALD) AlOx thin-films are observed to be unstable if exposed directly to high or even ambient relative humidities. Upon exposure to humid atmospheres, their apparent barrier breaks down and their water vapor transmission rates (WVTR), measured by electrical calcium tests, deteriorate by several orders of magnitude. These changes are accompanied by surface roughening beyond the original thickness, observed by atomic force microscopy. X-ray reflectivity investigations show a strong decrease in density caused by only 5 min storage in a 38 °C, 90% relative humidity climate. We show that barrier stabilities required for device applications can be achieved by protection layers which prevent the direct contact of water condensing on the surface, i.e., the sensitive ALD barrier. Nine different protection layers of either ALD materials or polymers are tested on the barriers. Although ALD materials prove to be ineffective, applied polymers seem to provide good protection independent of thickness, surface free energy, and deposition technique. A glued-on PET foil stands out as a low-cost, easily processed, and especially stable solution. This way, 20 nm single layer ALD barriers for organic electronics are measured. They yield reliable WVTRs down to 2×10(-5) g(H2O) m(-2) day(-1) at 38 °C and 90% relative humidity, highlighting the great potential of ALD encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Nehm
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannes Klumbies
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Aarti Singh
- NaMLab gGmbH , Nöthnitzer Straße 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Schroeder
- NaMLab gGmbH , Nöthnitzer Straße 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Mönch
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoßbach
- Institut für Halbleiter und Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Albert
- Institut für Halbleiter und Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johann W Bartha
- Institut für Halbleiter und Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Leo
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Müller-Meskamp
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
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100
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Skórka Ł, Mouesca JM, Dubois L, Szewczyk E, Wielgus I, Maurel V, Kulszewicz-Bajer I. Formation of High-Spin States (S = 3/2 and 2) in Linear Oligo- and Polyarylamines. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:13462-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Skórka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jean-Marie Mouesca
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, INAC, SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Dubois
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, INAC, SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Ewa Szewczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Wielgus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vincent Maurel
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, INAC, SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Irena Kulszewicz-Bajer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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