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Wu H, Chang Q. The cryoprotectant trehalose could inhibit ERS-induced apoptosis by activating autophagy in cryoprotected rat valves. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29522567 PMCID: PMC5844695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Valvular diseases are common health problems that are strongly related to high morbidity and mortality; aortic valve allograft transplantation may be a promising way to improve survival and relieve symptoms. However, ideal tissue viability has not been observed with common valve cryopreservation methods, which could lead to apoptosis and necrosis in cryopreserved tissue. It has been observed that trehalose plays a positive role by acting to maintain cell structures and protect cells from stress responses. In this study, we studied the effects of trehalose in protecting rat valve tissue from the cooling process. We found improved higher cell function in rat valves treated with trehalose during cryopreservation than in those treated with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). To further explore the mechanisms, we found that trehalose could down-regulate the expression of cleaved caspase-3, an important molecule involved in cell apoptosis. In addition, treatment with trehalose also decreased Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), the key proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) process. Intriguingly, we observed that trehalose promotes cryoprotected rat valve cell autophagy via an mTOR-independent but p38 MAPK-dependent signaling pathway. Additionally, miR-221 and miR-32 have been implicated in such cell activities. In summary, our study offers a new and meaningful cryopreservation approach for valve allograft storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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Cagol N, Bonani W, Maniglio D, Migliaresi C, Motta A. Effect of Cryopreservation on Cell-Laden Hydrogels: Comparison of Different Cryoprotectants. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:20-31. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cagol
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Trento, Italy
| | - Walter Bonani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Trento, Italy
| | - Devid Maniglio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Migliaresi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Trento, Italy
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Trento, Italy
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53
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Bit A, Kumar A, Singh AK, Rizvanov AA, Kiassov AP, Patra PK, Kumar M, Bissoyi A. Crosstalk between Substrates and Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitors in Cryopreservation of Tissue-Engineered Constructs. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1380304. [PMID: 29201057 PMCID: PMC5672132 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1380304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is documented that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can be differentiated into various types of cells to present a tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Thus, the preservation of stem cells is a crucial factor for their effective long-term storage that further facilitates their continuous supply and transportation for application in regenerative medicine. Cryopreservation is the most important, practicable, and the only established mechanism for long-term preservation of cells, tissues, and organs, and engineered tissues; thus, it is the key step for the improvement of tissue engineering. A significant portion of MSCs loses cellular viability while freeze-thawing, which represents an important technical limitation to achieving sufficient viable cell numbers for maximum efficacy. Several natural and synthetic materials are extensively used as substrates for tissue engineering constructs and cryopreservation because they promote cell attachment and proliferation. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitors can improve the physiological function and postthaw viability of cryopreserved MSCs. This review proposes a crosstalk between substrate topology and interaction of cells with ROCK inhibitors. It is shown that incorporation of ionic nanoparticles in the presence of an external electrical field improves the generation of ROCK inhibitors to safeguard cellular viability for the enhanced cryopreservation of engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India
| | | | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Andrey P. Kiassov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | | | - Munish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Akalabya Bissoyi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India
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54
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Key Issues Related to Cryopreservation and Storage of Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: Protecting Biological Integrity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 951:1-12. [PMID: 27837550 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation and biobanking of stem cells are becoming increasingly important as stem cell technology and application attract the interest of industry, academic research, healthcare and patient organisations. Stem cell are already being used in the treatment of some diseases and it is anticipated that stem cell therapy will play a central role in future medicine. Similarly, the discovery of both hematopoietic and solid tumor stem cells and their clinical relevance have profoundly altered paradigms for cancer research as the cancer stem cells are considered promising new targets against cancer. Consequently, long-term cryopreservation and banking of normal and malignant stem cells is crucial and will inevitably become a routine procedure that requires highly regulated and safe methods of specimen storage. There is, however, an increasing amount of evidence showing contradictory results on the impact of cryopreservation and thawing of stem cells, including extensive physical and biological stresses, apoptosis and necrosis, mitochondrial injuries, changes to basal respiration and ATP production, cellular structural damage, telomere shortening and cellular senescence, and DNA damage and oxidative stress. Notably, cell surface proteins that play a major role in stem cell fate and are used as the biomarkers of stem cells are more vulnerable to cold stress than other proteins. There are also data supporting the alteration in some biological features and genetic integrity at the molecular level of the post-thawed stem cells. This article reviews the current and future challenges of cryopreservation of stem cells and stresses the need for further rigorous research on the methodologies for freezing and utilizing cancer stem cells following long-term storage.
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55
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Swioklo S, Ding P, Pacek AW, Connon CJ. Process parameters for the high-scale production of alginate-encapsulated stem cells for storage and distribution throughout the cell therapy supply chain. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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56
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Pezhman M, Hosseini SM, Ostadhosseini S, Rouhollahi Varnosfaderani S, Sefid F, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Cathepsin B inhibitor improves developmental competency and cryo-tolerance of in vitro ovine embryos. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 17:10. [PMID: 28676034 PMCID: PMC5496377 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-017-0152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine protease involved in apoptosis and oocytes which have lower developmental competence show higher expression of Cathepsin B. Furthermore, expression of Cathepsin B show a decreasing trend from oocyte toward blastocyst stage. Results Present study assessed the effect of cathepsin B inhibitor, E-64, on developmental competency and cryo-survival of pre-implantation ovine IVF derived embryos. Cathepsin B inhibitor was added during day 3 to 8 of development. One μM E-64 was defined as the optimal concentration required for improving blastocyst rate. This concentration also reduced DNA fragmentation and BAX as apoptotic markers while increasing total cell number per blastocyst and improving anti-apoptotic marker, the BCL2. We further showed that addition of 1.0 μM of E-64 during day 3 to 8 of development improved re-expansion and hatching rates of blastocysts post vitrification. E-64 also reduced rate of DNA fragmentation and BAX expression and increased total cell number per blastocyst and BCL2 expression post vitrification. However, addition of E-64 post vitrification reduced the hatching rate. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that inhibition of cathepsin B in IVC, not only improves quality and quantity of blastocysts but also improves the cryo-survival of in vitro derived blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pezhman
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan St., Salman St., Khorasgan, Jey St, Isfahan, 8159358686, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nour Danesh Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Meymeh, Iran
| | - S M Hosseini
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan St., Salman St., Khorasgan, Jey St, Isfahan, 8159358686, Iran
| | - S Ostadhosseini
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan St., Salman St., Khorasgan, Jey St, Isfahan, 8159358686, Iran
| | - Sh Rouhollahi Varnosfaderani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan St., Salman St., Khorasgan, Jey St, Isfahan, 8159358686, Iran
| | - F Sefid
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan St., Salman St., Khorasgan, Jey St, Isfahan, 8159358686, Iran
| | - M H Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan St., Salman St., Khorasgan, Jey St, Isfahan, 8159358686, Iran.
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57
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Odintsova NA, Boroda AV, Maiorova MA, Yakovlev KV. The death pathways in mussel larval cells after a freeze-thaw cycle. Cryobiology 2017; 77:41-49. [PMID: 28564580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed cell viability, caspase activity, plasma membrane alterations and cell ultrastructure morphology to estimate the morphological and biochemical alterations that occur in bivalve molluscan cell cultures during cryopreservation. The use of 5% dymethyl sulfoxide as a cryoprotectant resulted in greater cell survival and a scarcity of destroyed cells lacking cytosol among dead cells. In this case, almost all cells died through necrosis or apoptosis, which appeared to increase in mussel cell cultures after a freeze-thaw cycle. Apoptosis was not a main death pathway in mussel cells, but it was induced in a significant part of these cells (up to 24%) immediately after thawing and depended mostly on the cryoprotectant used. Regardless of the type of the used cryoprotectant, we observed some nuclear aberrations in cells after freezing-thawing, such as few multipolar mitoses or the absence of a division spindle in mitotic cells. After analyzing different methods for assessing cell damage, the best results were obtained from optimal approaches that could provide information regarding the cell disruption level after freezing-thawing and could be considered for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly A Odintsova
- Laboratory of Cytotechnology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Boroda
- Laboratory of Cytotechnology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Mariia A Maiorova
- Laboratory of Cytotechnology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Yakovlev
- Laboratory of Cytotechnology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
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58
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Elliott GD, Wang S, Fuller BJ. Cryoprotectants: A review of the actions and applications of cryoprotective solutes that modulate cell recovery from ultra-low temperatures. Cryobiology 2017; 76:74-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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59
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Bastidas J, Athauda G, De La Cruz G, Chan WM, Golshani R, Berrocal Y, Henao M, Lalwani A, Mannoji C, Assi M, Otero PA, Khan A, Marcillo AE, Norenberg M, Levi AD, Wood PM, Guest JD, Dietrich WD, Bartlett Bunge M, Pearse DD. Human Schwann cells exhibit long-term cell survival, are not tumorigenic and promote repair when transplanted into the contused spinal cord. Glia 2017; 65:1278-1301. [PMID: 28543541 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The transplantation of rodent Schwann cells (SCs) provides anatomical and functional restitution in a variety of spinal cord injury (SCI) models, supporting the recent translation of SCs to phase 1 clinical trials for human SCI. Whereas human (Hu)SCs have been examined experimentally in a complete SCI transection paradigm, to date the reported behavior of SCs when transplanted after a clinically relevant contusive SCI has been restricted to the use of rodent SCs. Here, in a xenotransplant, contusive SCI paradigm, the survival, biodistribution, proliferation and tumorgenicity as well as host responses to HuSCs, cultured according to a protocol analogous to that developed for clinical application, were investigated. HuSCs persisted within the contused nude rat spinal cord through 6 months after transplantation (longest time examined), exhibited low cell proliferation, displayed no evidence of tumorigenicity and showed a restricted biodistribution to the lesion. Neuropathological examination of the CNS revealed no adverse effects of HuSCs. Animals exhibiting higher numbers of surviving HuSCs within the lesion showed greater volumes of preserved white matter and host rat SC and astrocyte ingress as well as axon ingrowth and myelination. These results demonstrate the safety of HuSCs when employed in a clinically relevant experimental SCI paradigm. Further, signs of a potentially positive influence of HuSC transplants on host tissue pathology were observed. These findings show that HuSCs exhibit a favorable toxicity profile for up to 6 months after transplantation into the contused rat spinal cord, an important outcome for FDA consideration of their use in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Bastidas
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - Gagani Athauda
- The Department of Cellular Biology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199.,The Department of Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199
| | - Gabriela De La Cruz
- Translational Pathology Laboratory, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - Roozbeh Golshani
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - Yerko Berrocal
- The Department of Cellular Biology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199.,The Department of Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199
| | - Martha Henao
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - Anil Lalwani
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - Chikato Mannoji
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mazen Assi
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - P Anthony Otero
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - Aisha Khan
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - Alexander E Marcillo
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - Michael Norenberg
- The Department of Pathology, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - Allan D Levi
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - Patrick M Wood
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - James D Guest
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,The Department of Neurology, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,The Neuroscience Program, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,The Department of Cell Biology, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - Mary Bartlett Bunge
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,The Neuroscience Program, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,The Department of Cell Biology, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - Damien D Pearse
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,The Neuroscience Program, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136.,Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, 33136
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60
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Kadić E, Moniz RJ, Huo Y, Chi A, Kariv I. Effect of cryopreservation on delineation of immune cell subpopulations in tumor specimens as determinated by multiparametric single cell mass cytometry analysis. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:6. [PMID: 28148223 PMCID: PMC5288879 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Comprehensive understanding of cellular immune subsets involved in regulation of tumor progression is central to the development of cancer immunotherapies. Single cell immunophenotyping has historically been accomplished by flow cytometry (FC) analysis, enabling the analysis of up to 18 markers. Recent advancements in mass cytometry (MC) have facilitated detection of over 50 markers, utilizing high resolving power of mass spectrometry (MS). This study examined an analytical and operational feasibility of MC for an in-depth immunophenotyping analysis of the tumor microenvironment, using the commercial CyTOF™ instrument, and further interrogated challenges in managing the integrity of tumor specimens. Results Initial longitudinal studies with frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed minimal MC inter-assay variability over nine independent runs. In addition, detection of common leukocyte lineage markers using MC and FC detection confirmed that these methodologies are comparable in cell subset identification. An advanced multiparametric MC analysis of 39 total markers enabled a comprehensive evaluation of cell surface marker expression in fresh and cryopreserved tumor samples. This comparative analysis revealed significant reduction of expression levels of multiple markers upon cryopreservation. Most notably myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), defined by co-expression of CD66b+ and CD15+, HLA-DRdim and CD14− phenotype, were undetectable in frozen samples. Conclusion These results suggest that optimization and evaluation of cryopreservation protocols is necessary for accurate biomarker discovery in frozen tumor specimens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-017-0192-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elma Kadić
- Department of Pharmacology, Cellular Pharmacology, Merck and Co. Inc, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Raymond J Moniz
- Department of Biology-Discovery, Immunooncology, Merck and Co. Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, Cellular Pharmacology, Merck and Co. Inc, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - An Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Capabilities Enhancement, Merck and Co. Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilona Kariv
- Department of Pharmacology, Cellular Pharmacology, Merck and Co. Inc, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
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Chatterjee A, Saha D, Niemann H, Gryshkov O, Glasmacher B, Hofmann N. Effects of cryopreservation on the epigenetic profile of cells. Cryobiology 2017; 74:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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62
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Lauterboeck L, Wolkers W, Glasmacher B. Cryobiological parameters of multipotent stromal cells obtained from different sources. Cryobiology 2017; 74:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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63
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Massie I, Spaniol K, Geerling G, Schrader S. Cryopreservation and hypothermic storage of lacrimal gland: towards enabling delivery of regenerative medicine therapies for treatment of dry eye syndrome. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:3373-3384. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Massie
- Labor für Experimentelle Ophthalmologie; Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Life Science Center; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - K. Spaniol
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - G. Geerling
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - S. Schrader
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
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Lauterboeck L, Saha D, Chatterjee A, Hofmann N, Glasmacher B. Xeno-Free Cryopreservation of Bone Marrow-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells from Callithrix jacchus. Biopreserv Biobank 2016; 14:530-538. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2016.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Lauterboeck
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Debapriya Saha
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anamika Chatterjee
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicola Hofmann
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Glasmacher
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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65
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Boroda AV, Kipryushina YO, Yakovlev KV, Odintsova NA. The contribution of apoptosis and necrosis in freezing injury of sea urchin embryonic cells. Cryobiology 2016; 73:7-14. [PMID: 27364314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sea urchins have recently been reported to be a promising tool for investigations of oxidative stress, UV light perturbations and senescence. However, few available data describe the pathway of cell death that occurs in sea urchin embryonic cells after cryopreservation. Our study is focused on the morphological and functional alterations that occur in cells of these animals during the induction of different cell death pathways in response to cold injury. To estimate the effect of cryopreservation on sea urchin cell cultures and identify the involved cell death pathways, we analyzed cell viability (via trypan blue exclusion test, MTT assay and DAPI staining), caspase activity (via flow cytometry and spectrophotometry), the level of apoptosis (via annexin V-FITC staining), and cell ultrastructure alterations (via transmission electron microscopy). Using general caspase detection, we found that the level of caspase activity was low in unfrozen control cells, whereas the number of apoptotic cells with activated caspases rose after freezing-thawing depending on cryoprotectants used, also as the number of dead cells and cells in a late apoptosis. The data using annexin V-binding assay revealed a very high apoptosis level in all tested samples, even in unfrozen cells (about 66%). Thus, annexin V assay appears to be unsuitable for sea urchin embryonic cells. Typical necrotic cells with damaged mitochondria were not detected after freezing in sea urchin cell cultures. Our results assume that physical cell disruption but not freezing-induced apoptosis or necrosis is the predominant reason of cell death in sea urchin cultures after freezing-thawing with any cryoprotectant combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Boroda
- Laboratory of Cytotechnology, A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, The Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Yulia O Kipryushina
- Laboratory of Cytotechnology, A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, The Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Yakovlev
- Laboratory of Cytotechnology, A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, The Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Nelly A Odintsova
- Laboratory of Cytotechnology, A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, The Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia.
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Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE. Apoptosis in cryopreserved eukaryotic cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 81:445-52. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916050023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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67
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Matsumura K, Kawamoto K, Takeuchi M, Yoshimura S, Tanaka D, Hyon SH. Cryopreservation of a Two-Dimensional Monolayer Using a Slow Vitrification Method with Polyampholyte to Inhibit Ice Crystal Formation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1023-1029. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Matsumura
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Keiko Kawamoto
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeuchi
- Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp., Toyo
Building, 1-3-26 Koyama, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8558, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yoshimura
- Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp., Toyo
Building, 1-3-26 Koyama, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Genetic
Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Ogranization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Suong-Hyu Hyon
- Center
for Fiber and Textile Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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68
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Yang Y, Melzer C, Bucan V, von der Ohe J, Otte A, Hass R. Conditioned umbilical cord tissue provides a natural three-dimensional storage compartment as in vitro stem cell niche for human mesenchymal stroma/stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:28. [PMID: 26869167 PMCID: PMC4751714 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of large amounts of human multipotent mesenchymal stroma/stem cells (MSC) for cell therapies represents a desirable property in tissue engineering and banking in the field of regenerative medicine. Methods and results Whereas cryo-storage of umbilical cord (UC) tissue pieces in liquid nitrogen without ingredients was associated with predominant appearance of apoptotic cells after thawing and re-culture, progressive growth of MSC was observed following use of cryo-medium. Moreover, conditioning of UC tissue pieces by initial explant culture and subsequent cryo-storage with cryo-medium accelerated a further MSC culture after thawing. These findings suggested that conditioning of UC tissue pieces provides an in vitro stem cell niche by maintenance of a 3-dimensional natural microenvironment for continuous MSC outgrowth and expansion. Indeed, culture of GFP-labeled UC tissue pieces was accompanied by increased outgrowth of GFP-labeled cells which was accelerated in conditioned UC tissue after cryo-storage. Moreover, cryopreserved conditioned UC tissue pieces in cryo-medium after thawing and explant culture could be cryopreserved again demonstrating renewed MSC outgrowth after repeated thawing with similar population doublings compared to the initial explant culture. Flow cytometry analysis of outgrowing cells revealed expression of the typical MSC markers CD73, CD90, and CD105. Furthermore, these cells demonstrated little if any senescence and cultures revealed stem cell-like characteristics by differentiation along the adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. Conclusions Expression of MSC markers was maintained for at least 10 freeze/thaw/explant culture cycles demonstrating that repeated cryopreservation of conditioned UC tissue pieces provided a reproducible and enriched stem cell source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, D-30625, Germany. .,Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Catharina Melzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, D-30625, Germany.
| | - Vesna Bucan
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, D-30625, Germany.
| | - Juliane von der Ohe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, D-30625, Germany.
| | - Anna Otte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, D-30625, Germany.
| | - Ralf Hass
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, D-30625, Germany. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, D - 30625, Germany.
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69
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Swioklo S, Constantinescu A, Connon CJ. Alginate-Encapsulation for the Improved Hypothermic Preservation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:339-49. [PMID: 26826163 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress within the cell therapy industry, unmet bioprocessing and logistical challenges associated with the storage and distribution of cells between sites of manufacture and the clinic exist. We examined whether hypothermic (4°C-23°C) preservation of human adipose-derived stem cells could be improved through their encapsulation in 1.2% calcium alginate. Alginate encapsulation improved the recovery of viable cells after 72 hours of storage. Viable cell recovery was highly temperature-dependent, with an optimum temperature of 15°C. At this temperature, alginate encapsulation preserved the ability for recovered cells to attach to tissue culture plastic on rewarming, further increasing its effect on total cell recovery. On attachment, the cells were phenotypically normal, displayed normal growth kinetics, and maintained their capacity for trilineage differentiation. The number of cells encapsulated (up to 2 × 10(6) cells per milliliter) did not affect viable cell recovery nor did storage of encapsulated cells in a xeno-free, serum-free,current Good Manufacturing Practice-grade medium. We present a simple, low-cost system capable of enhancing the preservation of human adipose-derived stem cells stored at hypothermic temperatures, while maintaining their normal function. The storage of cells in this manner has great potential for extending the time windows for quality assurance and efficacy testing, distribution between the sites of manufacture and the clinic, and reducing the wastage associated with the limited shelf life of cells stored in their liquid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Swioklo
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Constantinescu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Che J Connon
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Lauterboeck L, Hofmann N, Mueller T, Glasmacher B. Active control of the nucleation temperature enhances freezing survival of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Cryobiology 2015; 71:384-90. [PMID: 26499840 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.10.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a technique that has been extensively used for storage of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine. Therefore, improving current cryopreservation procedures in terms of increasing cell viability and functionality is important. In this study, we optimized the cryopreservation protocol of MSCs derived from the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus (cj), which can be used as a non-human primate model in various pathological and transplantation studies and have a great potential for regenerative medicine. We have investigated the effect of the active control of the nucleation temperature using induced nucleation at a broad range of temperatures and two different dimethylsulfoxide concentrations (Me2SO, 5% (v/v) and 10%, (v/v)) to evaluate the overall effect on the viability, metabolic activity and recovery of cells after thawing. Survival rate and metabolic activity displayed an optimum when ice formation was induced at -10 °C. Cryomicroscopy studies indicated differences in ice crystal morphologies as well as differences in intracellular ice formation with different nucleation temperatures. High subzero nucleation temperatures resulted in larger extracellular ice crystals and cellular dehydration, whereas low subzero nucleation temperatures resulted in smaller ice crystals and intracellular ice formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lauterboeck
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - N Hofmann
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - T Mueller
- Service Unit Embryonic Stem Cells, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Medical School Hannover, Germany.
| | - B Glasmacher
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
High levels of penetrating cryoprotectants (CPAs) can eliminate ice formation during cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs to cryogenic temperatures. But CPAs become increasingly toxic as concentration increases. Many strategies have been attempted to overcome the problem of eliminating ice while minimizing toxicity, such as attempting to optimize cooling and warming rates, or attempting to optimize time of adding individual CPAs during cooling. Because strategies currently used are not adequate, CPA toxicity remains the greatest obstacle to cryopreservation. CPA toxicity stands in the way of cryogenic cryopreservation of human organs, a procedure that has the potential to save many lives. This review attempts to describe what is known about CPA toxicity, theories of CPA toxicity, and strategies to reduce CPA toxicity. Critical analysis and suggestions are also included.
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72
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Zhang D, Ren L, Chen GQ, Zhang J, Reed BM, Shen XH. ROS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis-like event directly affect the cell viability of cryopreserved embryogenic callus in Agapanthus praecox. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1499-513. [PMID: 26104871 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis-like programmed cell death, induced in part by H 2 O 2 , are two key factors that damage cells during plant cryopreservation. Their inhibition can improve cell viability. We hypothesized that oxidative stress and apoptosis-like event induced by ROS seriously impact plant cell viability during cryopreservation. This study documented changes in cell morphology and ultrastructure, and detected dynamic changes in ROS components (O 2 (·-) , H2O2 and OH·), antioxidant systems, and programmed cell death (PCD) events during embryonic callus cryopreservation of Agapanthus praecox. Plasmolysis, organelle ultrastructure changes, and increases in malondialdehyde (a membrane lipid peroxidation product) suggested that oxidative damage and PCD events occurred at several early cryopreservation steps. PCD events including autophagy, apoptosis-like, and necrosis also occurred at later stages of cryopreservation, and most were apoptosis. H2O2 is the most important ROS molecule mediating oxidative damage and affecting cell viability, and catalase and AsA-GSH cycle are involved in scavenging the intracellular H2O2 and protecting the cells against stress damage in the whole process. Gene expression studies verified changes of antioxidant system and PCD-related genes at the main steps of the cryopreservation process that correlated with improved cell viability. Reducing oxidative stress or inhibition of apoptosis-like event by deactivating proteases improved cryopreserved cell viability from 49.14 to 86.85 % and 89.91 %, respectively. These results verify our model of ROS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis-like event in plant cryopreservation. This study provided a novel insight into cell stress response mechanisms in cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Rd. Dong Chuan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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73
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Recent advances in optimal cell banking of mammalian cells for biopharmaceutical production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.14.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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74
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Li N, Zhang Y, Xiu Z, Wang Y, Chen L, Wang S, Li S, Guo X, Ma X. The preservation of islet with alginate encapsulation in the process of transportation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 62:530-6. [PMID: 25223970 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of insulin secretion by transplantation of isolated islets is a treatment for type Ι diabetes mellitus. One of the major issues with clinical treatment of islet transplantation is how to maintain islet viability during transportation from the donor to the patient. We developed a method that uses alginate encapsulation to protect islets from mechanical damage during shipment. We tested several variables for their impact on islet viability during transportation and used the significant variable to build a response surface methodology (RSM) model by the Box-Behnken design method. This type of model is a mathematical and statistical technique that we used to optimize the conditions for islet viability during shipment. In this study, the factors that significantly affected islet survival rate were incubation time, serum concentration, and preservation time. Then, an empirical model was built to optimize conditions of the islets for shipping according to the responses of the effect factors with RSM. This model can be used to predict the islet survival rate and can serve as a guide for optimizing the transportation method of islets and increasing the success rate of the transplant procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guo
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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Bissoyi A, Pramanik K. Role of the Apoptosis Pathway in Cryopreservation-Induced Cell Death in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Umbilical Cord Blood. Biopreserv Biobank 2014; 12:246-54. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2014.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akalabya Bissoyi
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Krishna Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
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