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Ling X, Yao D, Kang L, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Dong H, Zhang K, Zhang L, Chen H. Involment of RAS/ERK1/2 signaling and MEF2C in miR-155-3p inhibition-triggered cardiomyocyte differentiation of embryonic stem cell. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84403-84416. [PMID: 29137434 PMCID: PMC5663606 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for cleavage or translational repression. Growing evidence indicates that miR-155 expression changes with the development of heart and plays an important role in heart physiopathology. However, the role of miR-155 in cardiac cells differentiation is unclear. Using the well-established embryonic stem cell (ESC), we demonstrated that miR-155-3p expression was down-regulated during cardiogenesis from mouse ESC. By contrast, the myogenic enhance factor 2C (MEF2C), a predicted target gene of miR-155-3p, was up-regulated. We further demonstrated that miR-155-3p inhibition increased the percentage of embryoid bodies (EB) beating and up-regulated the expression of cardiac specific markers, GATA4, Nkx2.5, and cTnT mRNA and protein. Notably, miR-155-3p inhibition caused upregulation of MEF2C, KRAS and ERK1/2. ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059 significantly decreased the expression of MEF2C protein. These findings indicate that miR-155-3p inhibition promotes cardiogenesis, and its mechanisms are involved in the RAS-ERK1/2 signaling and MEF2C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ling
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Dongbo Yao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Lumei Kang
- Department of Animal Science, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Keping Zhang
- Department of Experimental Teaching, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogen's and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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52
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Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells modulated Cx43 and Cx45 expression in rats with myocardial infarction. Cytotechnology 2017; 70:225-234. [PMID: 28929261 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, little is known about the influence of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation on connexin43 (Cx43) and connexin45 (Cx45) remodeling in the ischemic heart. In this study, we investigated the effect of MSC transplantation on Cx43 and Cx45 remodeling in the ischemic heart. Wistar rats were subjected to left anterior descending artery ligation to induce myocardial infarction (MI) and then randomly allocated to receive an intramyocardial injection of PBS (MI group) or 5-azacytidine-induced MSCs (MSCs group). Histological examination and western blotting were performed 4 weeks after cell transplantation. We found that the MSCs exhibited plasticity by differentiating into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Gap junction remodeling after MI was characterized by a decrease in Cx43 expression and an increase in Cx45 expression. MSC transplantation modulated the MI-induced abnormalities by up-regulating Cx43 and down-regulating Cx45 expression. MSCs exhibited plasticity by differentiating into cardiomyocyte-like cells and modulated abnormal Cx43 and Cx45 remodeling following MI.
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53
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Markmee R, Aungsuchawan S, Narakornsak S, Tancharoen W, Bumrungkit K, Pangchaidee N, Pothacharoen P, Puaninta C. Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human amniotic fluid to cardiomyocyte‑like cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6068-6076. [PMID: 28849052 PMCID: PMC5865810 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major factor influencing worldwide mortality rates. Furthermore, IHD has become a significant health problem among the Thai population. Stem cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an alternative therapeutic method that has been applied to improve the quality of life of patients. Amniotic fluid (AF) contains a heterogeneous cell population, including MSCs, which are multipotent stem cells that have the capability to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the MSC characteristics of human (h)AF and determine its potency regarding cardiogenic differentiation. MSC characterization following flow cytometric analysis revealed that the cells expressed MSC markers, cluster of differentiation (CD)44, CD90, human leukocyte antigen-ABC and CD73. The results of the alamar blue assay demonstrated that cell proliferation rate continuously increased from the early cultivation phase up to 5-fold during days 1 to 5 of cell culturing. The highest rate of cell proliferation was observed on day 17 with a 30-fold increase compared with that on day 1. During the cardiogenic induction stage, morphological changes were observed between day 0 and day 21, and it was revealed that the hAF derived-MSCs in the cardiogenic-induced group exhibited myotube-like morphology after 7 days of cell culturing. Following cardiogenic induction, immunohistochemistry staining was performed on day 21, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction on day 7 and 21. These steps were performed to detect the protein and gene expression levels of cardiac specific proteins (GATA4, cardiac troponin T, Nkx2.5 and Connexin43). The results of the present study indicated that hAF-MSCs possess the potential to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Thus, it was concluded that hAF may be a suitable source of MSCs for stem cell therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runchana Markmee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sirinda Aungsuchawan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suteera Narakornsak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Waleephan Tancharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kanokkarn Bumrungkit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nataporn Pangchaidee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Peraphan Pothacharoen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chaniporn Puaninta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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54
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Moore JB, Zhao J, Fischer AG, Keith MCL, Hagan D, Wysoczynski M, Bolli R. Histone Deacetylase 1 Depletion Activates Human Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Proangiogenic Paracrine Signaling Through a Mechanism Requiring Enhanced Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Synthesis and Secretion. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006183. [PMID: 28679560 PMCID: PMC5586316 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac mesenchymal cell (CMC) administration improves cardiac function in animal models of heart failure. Although the precise mechanisms remain unclear, transdifferentiation and paracrine signaling are suggested to underlie their cardiac reparative effects. We have shown that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) inhibition enhances CMC cardiomyogenic lineage commitment. Here, we investigated the impact of HDAC1 on CMC cytokine secretion and associated paracrine-mediated activities on endothelial cell function. METHODS AND RESULTS CMCs were transduced with shRNA constructs targeting HDAC1 (shHDAC1) or nontarget (shNT) control. Cytokine arrays were used to assess the expression of secreted proteins in conditioned medium (CM) from shHDAC1 or shNT-transduced CMCs. In vitro functional assays for cell proliferation, protection from oxidative stress, cell migration, and tube formation were performed on human endothelial cells incubated with CM from the various treatment conditions. CM from shHDAC1-transduced CMCs contained more cytokines involved in cell growth/differentiation and more efficiently promoted endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation compared with CM from shNT. After evaluating key cytokines previously implicated in cell-therapy-mediated cardiac repair, we found that basic fibroblast growth factor was significantly upregulated in shHDAC1-transduced CMCs. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated knockdown of basic fibroblast growth factor in HDAC1-depleted CMCs inhibited the effects of shHDAC1 CM in promoting endothelial proliferation and tube formation-indicating that HDAC1 depletion activates CMC proangiogenic paracrine signaling in a basic fibroblast growth factor-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a hitherto unknown role for HDAC1 in the modulation of CMC cytokine secretion and implicate the targeted inhibition of HDAC1 in CMCs as a means to enhance paracrine-mediated neovascularization in cardiac cell therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Moore
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | - John Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | | | | | - David Hagan
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | | | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
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55
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Kornicka K, Marycz K, Marędziak M, Tomaszewski KA, Nicpoń J. The effects of the DNA methyltranfserases inhibitor 5-Azacitidine on ageing, oxidative stress and DNA methylation of adipose derived stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:387-401. [PMID: 27998022 PMCID: PMC5264131 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose tissue is a great source of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which are recognized from their ability to self‐renew and differentiation into multiple lineages. MSCs have promised a vast therapeutic potential in treatment many diseases including tissue injury and immune disorders. However, their regenerative potential profoundly depends on patients’ age. Age‐related deterioration of MSC is associated with cellular senescence mainly caused by increased DNA methylation status, accumulation of oxidative stress factors and mitochondria dysfunction. We found that DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor i.e. 5‐Azacytidine (5‐AZA) reversed the aged phenotype of MSCs. Proliferation rate of cells cultured with 5‐AZA was increased while the accumulation of oxidative stress factors and DNA methylation status were decreased. Simultaneously the mRNA levels of TET proteins involved in demethylation process were elevated in those cells. Moreover, cells treated with 5‐AZA displayed reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, ameliorated superoxide dismutase activity and increased BCL‐2/BAX ratio in comparison to control group. Our results indicates that, treating MSCs with 5‐AZA can be justified therapeutic intervention, that can slow‐down and even reverse aged‐ related degenerative changes in those cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kornicka
- Faculty of Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Marędziak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Nicpoń
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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56
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Barabadi Z, Azami M, Sharifi E, Karimi R, Lotfibakhshaiesh N, Roozafzoon R, Joghataei MT, Ai J. Fabrication of hydrogel based nanocomposite scaffold containing bioactive glass nanoparticles for myocardial tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:1137-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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57
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Wystrychowski W, Patlolla B, Zhuge Y, Neofytou E, Robbins RC, Beygui RE. Multipotency and cardiomyogenic potential of human adipose-derived stem cells from epicardium, pericardium, and omentum. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:84. [PMID: 27296220 PMCID: PMC4907285 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (MI) leads to an irreversible loss of proper cardiac function. Application of stem cell therapy is an attractive option for MI treatment. Adipose tissue has proven to serve as a rich source of stem cells (ADSCs). Taking into account the different morphogenesis, anatomy, and physiology of adipose tissue, we hypothesized that ADSCs from different adipose tissue depots may exert a diverse multipotency and cardiogenic potential. Methods The omental, pericardial, and epicardial adipose tissue samples were obtained from organ donors and patients undergoing heart transplantation at our institution. Human foreskin fibroblasts were used as the control group. Isolated ADSCs were analyzed for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity and proliferation potential. The immunophenotype and constitutive gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), GATA4, Nanog, and OCT4 were analyzed. DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine was exposed to the cells to stimulate the cardiogenesis. Finally, reprogramming towards cardiomyocytes was initiated with exogenous overexpression of seven transcription factors (ESRRG, GATA4, MEF2C, MESP1, MYOCD, TBX5, ZFPM2) previously applied successfully for fibroblast transdifferentiation toward cardiomyocytes. Expression of cardiac troponin T (cTNT) and alpha-actinin (Actn2) was analyzed 3 weeks after initiation of the cardiac differentiation. Results The multipotent properties of isolated plastic adherent cells were confirmed with expression of CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD105, as well as successful differentiation toward adipocytes and osteocytes; with the highest osteogenic and adipogenic potential for the epicardial and omental ADSCs, respectively. Epicardial ADSCs demonstrated a lower doubling time as compared with the pericardium and omentum-derived cells. Furthermore, epicardial ADSCs revealed higher constitutive expression of ALP and GATA4. Increased Actn2 and cTNT expression was observed after the transduction of seven reprogramming factors, with the highest expression in the epicardial ADSCs, as compared with the other ADSC subtypes and fibroblasts. Conclusions Human epicardial ADSCs revealed a higher cardiomyogenic potential as compared with the pericardial and omental ADSC subtypes as well as the fibroblast counterparts. Epicardial ADSCs may thus serve as the valuable subject for further studies on more effective methods of adult stem cell differentiation toward cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Wystrychowski
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Bhagat Patlolla
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Yan Zhuge
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Evgenios Neofytou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robert C Robbins
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ramin E Beygui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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58
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Singh A, Singh A, Sen D. Mesenchymal stem cells in cardiac regeneration: a detailed progress report of the last 6 years (2010-2015). Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:82. [PMID: 27259550 PMCID: PMC4893234 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have been used for cardiovascular regenerative therapy for decades. These cells have been established as one of the potential therapeutic agents, following several tests in animal models and clinical trials. In the process, various sources of mesenchymal stem cells have been identified which help in cardiac regeneration by either revitalizing the cardiac stem cells or revascularizing the arteries and veins of the heart. Although mesenchymal cell therapy has achieved considerable admiration, some challenges still remain that need to be overcome in order to establish it as a successful technique. This in-depth review is an attempt to summarize the major sources of mesenchymal stem cells involved in myocardial regeneration, the significant mechanisms involved in the process with a focus on studies (human and animal) conducted in the last 6 years and the challenges that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Singh
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Abhishek Singh
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Dwaipayan Sen
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India. .,Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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59
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Fan Z, Guan J. Antifibrotic therapies to control cardiac fibrosis. Biomater Res 2016; 20:13. [PMID: 27226899 PMCID: PMC4879750 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-016-0060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis occurs naturally after myocardial infarction. While the initially formed fibrotic tissue prevents the infarcted heart tissue from rupture, the progression of cardiac fibrosis continuously expands the size of fibrotic tissue and causes cardiac function decrease. Cardiac fibrosis eventually evolves the infarcted hearts into heart failure. Inhibiting cardiac fibrosis from progressing is critical to prevent heart failure. However, there is no efficient therapeutic approach currently available. Myofibroblasts are primarily responsible for cardiac fibrosis. They are formed by cardiac fibroblast differentiation, fibrocyte differentiation, epithelial to mesenchymal transdifferentiation, and endothelial to mesenchymal transition, driven by cytokines such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), angiotensin II and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). The approaches that inhibit myofibroblast formation have been demonstrated to prevent cardiac fibrosis, including systemic delivery of antifibrotic drugs, localized delivery of biomaterials, localized delivery of biomaterials and antifibrotic drugs, and localized delivery of cells using biomaterials. This review addresses current progresses in cardiac fibrosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobo Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jianjun Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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60
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Lin YL, Chen CP, Lo CM, Wang HS. Stiffness-controlled three-dimensional collagen scaffolds for differentiation of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells into cardiac progenitor cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2234-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Li Lin
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chie-Pein Chen
- Division of High Risk Pregnancy; Mackay Memorial Hospital; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chun-Min Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National Yang Ming University; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Hwai-Shi Wang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
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61
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Li Z, Fan Z, Xu Y, Lo W, Wang X, Niu H, Li X, Xie X, Khan M, Guan J. pH-Sensitive and Thermosensitive Hydrogels as Stem-Cell Carriers for Cardiac Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10752-60. [PMID: 27064934 PMCID: PMC6410353 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell therapy has the potential to regenerate damaged heart tissue after a heart attack. Injectable hydrogels may be used as stem-cell carriers to improve cell retention in the heart tissue. However, current hydrogels are not ideal to serve as cell carriers because most of them block blood vessels after solidification. In addition, these hydrogels have a relatively slow gelation rate (typically >60 s), which does not allow them to quickly solidify upon injection, so as to efficiently hold cells in the heart tissue. As a result, the hydrogels and cells are squeezed out of the tissue, leading to low cell retention. To address these issues, we have developed hydrogels that can quickly solidify at the pH of an infarcted heart (6-7) at 37 °C but cannot solidify at the pH of blood (7.4) at 37 °C. These hydrogels are also clinically attractive because they can be injected through catheters commonly used for minimally invasive surgeries. The hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide, propylacrylic acid, hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-oligo(trimethylene carbonate), and methacrylate poly(ethylene oxide) methoxy ester. Hydrogel solutions were injectable through 0.2-mm-diameter catheters at pH 8.0 at 37 °C, and they can quickly form solid gels under pH 6.5 at 37 °C. All of the hydrogels showed pH-dependent degradation and mechanical properties with less mass loss and greater complex shear modulus at pH 6.5 than at pH 7.4. When cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) were encapsulated in the hydrogels, the cells were able to survive during a 7-day culture period. The surviving cells were differentiated into cardiac cells, as evidenced by the expression of cardiac markers at both the gene and protein levels, such as cardiac troponin T, myosin heavy chain α, calcium channel CACNA1c, cardiac troponin I, and connexin 43. The gel integrity was found to largely affect CDC cardiac differentiation. These results suggest that the developed dual-sensitive hydrogels may be promising carriers for cardiac cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Zhaobo Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wilson Lo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Hong Niu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jianjun Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding Author: Phone: 614-292-9743.
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62
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Soltani L, Rahmani HR, Daliri Joupari M, Ghaneialvar H, Mahdavi AH, Shamsara M. Ovine fetal mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to cardiomyocytes, effects of co-culture, role of small molecules; reversine and 5-azacytidine. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:250-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soltani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahmani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - Morteza Daliri Joupari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB); Tehran Iran
| | - Hori Ghaneialvar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB); Tehran Iran
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63
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Jiang L, Wang Y, Pan F, Zhao X, Zhang H, Lei M, Liu T, Lu JR. Synergistic effect of bioactive lipid and condition medium on cardiac differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells from different tissues. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:163-72. [PMID: 26990081 PMCID: PMC5031220 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (hATMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, making them promising therapeutic candidates for treating damaged cardiac tissues. Currently, however, the differentiated cells induced from hUCMSCs or hATMSCs can hardly display functional characteristics similar to cardiomyocytes. In this study, we have investigated the effects of bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on cardiac differentiations of hUCMSCs and hATMSCs in condition medium composed of cardiac myocytes culture medium or 5-azacytidine. Cardiac differentiations were identified through immunofluorescence staining, and the results were observed with fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy. Synergistic effects of S1P and condition medium on cell viability were evaluated by MTT assays. Functional characteristics similar to cardiomyocytes were evaluated through detecting calcium transient. The differentiated hUCMSCs or hATMSCs in each group into cardiomyocytes showed positive expressions of cardiac specific proteins, including α-actin, connexin-43 and myosin heavy chain-6 (MYH-6). MTT assays showed that suitable differentiation time was 14 days and that the optimal concentration of S1P was 0.5 μM. Moreover, incorporation of S1P and cardiac myocytes culture medium gave rise to calcium transients, an important marker for displaying in vivo electrophysiological properties. This feature was not observed in the S1P-5-azacytidine group, indicating the possible lack of cellular stimuli such as transforming growth factor-beta, TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Environmental and Biological Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Cardiovascular and Genetic Medicine Research Groups, School of BiomedicineUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Fang Pan
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- Department of Chemical & Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldMappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JDUK
| | - Henggui Zhang
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Ming Lei
- Cardiovascular and Genetic Medicine Research Groups, School of BiomedicineUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Tianqing Liu
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Environmental and Biological Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Jian R. Lu
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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Ahadian S, Yamada S, Ramón-Azcón J, Estili M, Liang X, Nakajima K, Shiku H, Khademhosseini A, Matsue T. Hybrid hydrogel-aligned carbon nanotube scaffolds to enhance cardiac differentiation of embryoid bodies. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:134-143. [PMID: 26621696 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were aligned in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels using dielectrophoresis approach. Mouse embryoid bodies (EBs) were cultured in the microwells fabricated on the aligned CNT-hydrogel scaffolds. The GelMA-dielectrophoretically aligned CNT hydrogels enhanced the cardiac differentiation of the EBs compared with the pure GelMA and GelMA-random CNT hydrogels. This result was confirmed by Troponin-T immunostaining, the expression of cardiac genes (i.e., Tnnt2, Nkx2-5, and Actc1), and beating analysis of the EBs. The effect on EB properties was significantly enhanced by applying an electrical pulse stimulation (frequency, 1Hz; voltage, 3V; duration, 10ms) to the EBs for two continuous days. Taken together, the fabricated hybrid hydrogel-aligned CNT scaffolds with tunable mechanical and electrical characteristics offer an efficient and controllable platform for electrically induced differentiation and stimulation of stem cells for potential tissue regeneration and cell therapy applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Dielectrophoresis approach was used to rapidly align carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels resulting in hybrid GelMA-CNT hydrogels with tunable and anisotropic electrical and mechanical properties. The GelMA-aligned CNT hydrogels may be used to apply accurate and controllable electrical pulses to cell and tissue constructs and thereby regulating their behavior and function. In this work, it was demonstrated that the GelMA hydrogels containing the aligned CNTs had superior performance in cardiac differentiation of stem cells upon applying electrical stimulation in contrast with control gels. Due to broad use of electrical stimulation in tissue engineering and stem cell differentiation, it is envisioned that the GelMA-aligned CNT hydrogels would find wide applications in tissue regeneration and stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Ahadian
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shukuyo Yamada
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Javier Ramón-Azcón
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D) Group, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Mehdi Estili
- Advanced Ceramics Group, Materials Processing Unit, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Xiaobin Liang
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ken Nakajima
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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Cheng J, Ding Q, Wang J, Deng L, Yang L, Tao L, Lei H, Lu S. 5-Azacytidine delivered by mesoporous silica nanoparticles regulates the differentiation of P19 cells into cardiomyocytes. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:2011-2021. [PMID: 26699243 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08560h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease is one of the deadliest diseases causing mortality due to the limited regenerative capability of highly differentiated cardiomyocytes. Stem cell-based therapy in tissue engineering is one of the most exciting and rapidly growing areas and raises promising prospects for cardiac repair. In this study, we have synthesized FITC-mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FMSNs) based on a sol-gel method (known as Stöber's method) as a drug delivery platform to transport 5-azacytidine in P19 embryonic carcinoma stem cells. The surfactant CTAB is utilized as a liquid crystal template to self-aggregate into micelles, resulting in the synthesis of MSNs. Based on the cell viability assay, treatment with FMSNs + 5-azacytidine resulted in much more significant inhibition of the proliferation than 5-azacytidine alone. To study the mechanism, we have tested the differentiation genes and cardiac marker genes in P19 cells and found that these genes have been up-regulated in P19 embryonic carcinoma stem cells treated with FMSNs + 5-azacytidine + poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), with the changes of histone modifications on the regulatory region. In conclusion, with FMSNs as drug delivery platforms, 5-azacytidine can be more efficiently delivered into stem cells and can be used to monitor and track the transfection process in situ to clarify their effects on stem cell functions and the differentiation process, which can serve as a promising tool in tissue engineering and other biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Haihong Lei
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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66
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Khanabdali R, Saadat A, Fazilah M, Bazli KFK, Qazi REM, Khalid RS, Hasan Adli DS, Moghadamtousi SZ, Naeem N, Khan I, Salim A, Shamsuddin SA, Mohan G. Promoting effect of small molecules in cardiomyogenic and neurogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 10:81-91. [PMID: 26766903 PMCID: PMC4699543 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules, growth factors, and cytokines have been used to induce differentiation of stem cells into different lineages. Similarly, demethylating agents can trigger differentiation in adult stem cells. Here, we investigated the in vitro differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cardiomyocytes by a demethylating agent, zebularine, as well as neuronal-like cells by β-mercaptoethanol in a growth factor or cytokines-free media. Isolated bone marrow-derived MSCs cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology. These cells expressed positive markers for CD29, CD44, and CD117 and were negative for CD34 and CD45. After treatment with 1 μM zebularine for 24 hours, the MSCs formed myotube-like structures after 10 days in culture. Expression of cardiac-specific genes showed that treated MSCs expressed significantly higher levels of cardiac troponin-T, Nkx2.5, and GATA-4 compared with untreated cells. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that differentiated cells also expressed cardiac proteins, GATA-4, Nkx 2.5, and cardiac troponin-T. For neuronal differentiation, MSCs were treated with 1 and 10 mM β-mercaptoethanol overnight for 3 hours in complete and serum-free Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, respectively. Following overnight treatment, neuron-like cells with axonal and dendritic-like projections originating from the cell body toward the neighboring cells were observed in the culture. The mRNA expression of neuronal-specific markers, Map2, Nefl, Tau, and Nestin, was significantly higher, indicating that the treated cells differentiated into neuronal-like cells. Immunostaining showed that differentiated cells were positive for the neuronal markers Flk, Nef, Nestin, and β-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Khanabdali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anbarieh Saadat
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maizatul Fazilah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Rida-e-Maria Qazi
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ramla Sana Khalid
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Nadia Naeem
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Gokula Mohan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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67
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Effects of Serial Passage on the Characteristics and Cardiac and Neural Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:9291013. [PMID: 26798365 PMCID: PMC4699056 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9291013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective. It is important to guarantee the quality of stem cells. Serial passage is the main approach to expand stem cells. This study evaluated effects of serial passage on the biological characteristics of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ MSCs). Methods. Biological properties of WJ MSCs in the early (less than 10 passages, P10), middle (P11–20), and late (more than P20) phases including cell proliferation, cell cycle, phenotype, senescence, oncogene expression, stemness marker expression, and differentiation capacity were evaluated using flow cytometry, real-time PCR, immunocytofluorescence, and western blot. Results. It was found that there were no significant differences in cell proliferation, cell cycle, phenotype, and stemness marker expression in different phases. However, the expression of senescence-related gene, p21, and oncogene, c-Myc, was significantly upregulated in the late phase, which had close relations with the obviously increased cell senescence. Moreover, cardiac differentiation capability of WJ MSCs decreased whereas the propensity for neural differentiation increased significantly in the middle phase. Conclusions. This study reveals that WJ MSCs in the early and middle phases are relatively stable, and effect of serial passage on the lineage-specific differentiation should be considered carefully.
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68
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Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Cardiomyocyte-Like Cells Is Regulated by the Combined Low Dose Treatment of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and 5-Azacytidine. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:3816256. [PMID: 26697074 PMCID: PMC4677250 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3816256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are used in cardiac tissue engineering for the regeneration of diseased hearts. We examined the differentiation of rat BMMSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells when induced with a combined low dose treatment of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and 5-azacytidine (5-AZA). Results showed that cell proliferation in the combined low dose treatment group of TGF-β1 and 5-AZA was increased compared with the TGF-β1 group or the 5-AZA group. The cell apoptosis was relieved by combined TGF-β1 and 5-AZA treatment compared to 5-AZA treatment alone. The number of cells positive for myosin heavy chain, connexin-43, α-actin, and troponin I in the combined treatment group was higher than those observed in the TGF-β1 group or the 5-AZA group. Moreover, the combined low dose treatment group of TGF-β1 and 5-AZA reveals the strongest expression of troponin I, α-actin, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (p-ErK1/2) among the treatment groups. These results suggest that the combined low dose treatment of TGF-β1 and 5-AZA can improve the differentiation potential of rat BMMSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells and alleviate cell damage effects in vitro. The mechanism that is involved in influencing differentiation may be associated with p-ErK1/2.
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69
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In vitro cardiomyocyte differentiation of umbilical cord blood cells: crucial role for c-kit+ cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1627-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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70
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Gao W, Pan B, Liu L, Huang X, Liu Z, Tian J. Alcohol exposure increases the expression of cardiac transcription factors through ERK1/2-mediated histone3 hyperacetylation in H9c2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:670-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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71
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Fazzina R, Mariotti A, Procoli A, Fioravanti D, Iudicone P, Scambia G, Pierelli L, Bonanno G. A new standardized clinical-grade protocol for banking human umbilical cord tissue cells. Transfusion 2015; 55:2864-73. [PMID: 26354088 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from human umbilical cord tissue (UCT) can be considered the perfect candidates for cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. UCT-derived MSCs can be cryogenically stored in cell banks and expanded as needed for therapeutic uses. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We developed a new method for UCT-MSC isolation, cryopreservation, and expansion, following all criteria required by a stem cell bank. UCT-MSCs were isolated either by manual dissociation (MM) or by a semiautomatic dissociation system (SAM). In both protocols UCTs were treated enzymatically using Type IV collagenase good manufacturing practices (GMP) graded and hyaluronidase (medicinal product). Isolated UCT-MSCs were cryopreserved and analyzed after thawing for phenotype; for proliferation rate; and for their osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation capabilities. RESULTS We found that SAM reduced the time of tissue enzyme exposure and enabled us to obtain a homogeneous single-cell suspension deprived of tissue fragments. The isolated cells in both groups showed high expression of MSC markers CD105, CD73, and CD90 and similar differentiation capabilities, phenotype, and proliferation potential. Moreover, the final yield of MSCs was comparable between the two techniques. CONCLUSION In this study, we have established a reliable and standardized protocol to isolate UCT-MSCs from UCT for cell banking purposes. Processing the whole umbilical tissue with GMP-graded enzymes using a semiautomatic dissociator allowed us to obtain a single-cell suspension product with a known number of isolated cells that can be cryopreserved right after isolation and thawed as needed for expansion and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Mariotti
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sacred Heart Catholic University
| | - Annabella Procoli
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sacred Heart Catholic University
| | - Daniela Fioravanti
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital
| | - Paola Iudicone
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sacred Heart Catholic University
| | - Luca Pierelli
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bonanno
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sacred Heart Catholic University
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72
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Jin Y, Cao J, Xu X, Ye X, Chen Y, Yang J, Feng Q, Zhu L, Qian X, Yang C. Effects of C-Reactive Protein on the Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1361-7. [PMID: 26328491 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in stem cell therapy for cardiac repair is how to obtain normally functioning stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. We aim to address the effects of C-reactive protein (CRP) on the cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Immunostaining, Western blotting and electrophysiology were employed. A hundred fifty milligran/liters CRP significantly reduced the percentage of cardiomyocytes differentiated from mouse ES cells, while it may also promote sarcomere development compared to 30 mg/L CRP treatment. Further examination of the action potential (AP) in individual ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes showed that there exist three types of cardiomyocytes: artial-like (A-like), ventricular-like (V-like), and pacemaker-like (P-like). A hundred fifty milligran/liters CRP treatment decreased the P-like cardiomyocytes, whereas it increased the A-like. Such inhibitory effect and alteration were not significant at 30 mg/L CRP treatment. Moreover, 150 mg/L CRP significantly increased the APD90 (90% of duration of AP) and decreased the spontaneous firing rate of AP in P-like cells, while had little effect on other electrophysiological characteristics, including APA (AP amplitude) and MDP (maximum diastolic potential). This study revealed the effect of CRP on the cardiac differentiation of ES cells. It provides an in vitro pathological model and may be of importance to the future work of ES cell-based therapy in clinical applications and in vivo pathological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital
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73
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Martinez SR, Gay MS, Zhang L. Epigenetic mechanisms in heart development and disease. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:799-811. [PMID: 25572405 PMCID: PMC4492921 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Suboptimal intrauterine development has been linked to predisposition to cardiovascular disease in adulthood, a concept termed 'developmental origins of health and disease'. Although the exact mechanisms underlying this developmental programming are unknown, a growing body of evidence supports the involvement of epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and micro-RNA confer added levels of gene regulation without altering DNA sequences. These modifications are relatively stable signals, offering possible insight into the mechanisms underlying developmental origins of health and disease. This review will discuss the role of epigenetic mechanisms in heart development as well as aberrant epigenetic regulation contributing to cardiovascular disease. Additionally, we will address recent advances targeting epigenetic mechanisms as potential therapeutic approaches to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannalee R Martinez
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Maresha S Gay
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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74
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Bobis-Wozowicz S, Kmiotek K, Sekula M, Kedracka-Krok S, Kamycka E, Adamiak M, Jankowska U, Madetko-Talowska A, Sarna M, Bik-Multanowski M, Kolcz J, Boruczkowski D, Madeja Z, Dawn B, Zuba-Surma EK. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Microvesicles Transmit RNAs and Proteins to Recipient Mature Heart Cells Modulating Cell Fate and Behavior. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2748-61. [PMID: 26031404 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) are membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic fragments released by normal and activated cells that have been described as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Although the ability of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to participate in tissue repair is being increasingly recognized, the use of hiPSC-derived MVs (hiPSC-MVs) in this regard remains unknown. Accordingly, we investigated the ability of hiPSC-MVs to transfer bioactive molecules including mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and proteins to mature target cells such as cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (cMSCs), and we next analyzed effects of hiPSC-MVs on fate and behavior of such target cells. The results show that hiPSC-MVs derived from integration-free hiPSCs cultured under serum-free and feeder-free conditions are rich in mRNA, miRNA, and proteins originated from parent cells; however, the levels of expression vary between donor cells and MVs. Importantly, we found that transfer of hiPSC components by hiPSC-MVs impacted on transcriptome and proteomic profiles of target cells as well as exerted proliferative and protective effects on cMSCs, and enhanced their cardiac and endothelial differentiation potential. hiPSC-MVs also transferred exogenous transcripts from genetically modified hiPSCs that opens new perspectives for future strategies to enhance MV content. We conclude that hiPSC-MVs are effective vehicles for transferring iPSC attributes to adult somatic cells, and hiPSC-MV-mediated horizontal transfer of RNAs and proteins to injured tissues may be used for therapeutic tissue repair. In this study, for the first time, we propose a new concept of use of hiPSCs as a source of safe acellular bioactive derivatives for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kmiotek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Sekula
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kedracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kamycka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Adamiak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Madetko-Talowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Chair of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Kolcz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, Kansas, USA
| | - Ewa K Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Combination of retinoic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide and 5-azacytidine promotes cardiac differentiation of human fetal liver-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2015; 17:147-59. [PMID: 26070350 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-015-9514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There are controversial reports about cardiac differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and there is still no well-defined protocol for the induction of cardiac differentiation. The effects of retinoic acid (RA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the proliferation and differentiation of human fetal liver-derived MSCs (HFMSCs) as well as the pluripotent state induced by 5-azacytidine (5-aza) in vitro were investigated. MSCs were isolated from fetal livers and cultured in accordance with previous reports. Cells were plated and were treated for 24 h by the combination of 5-aza, RA and DMSO in different doses. Different culture conditions were tested in our study, including temperature, oxygen content and medium. Three weeks later, cells were harvested for the certification of cardiac differentiation as well as the pluripotency, which indicated by cardiac markers and Oct4. It was found that the cardiac differentiation was only induced when HFMSCs were treated in the following conditions: in high-dose combination (5-aza 50 μM + RA 10(-1) μM + DMSO 1 %) in cardiac differentiation medium at 37 °C and 20 % O2. The results of immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR showed that about 40 % of the cells positively expressed Nkx2.5, desmin and cardiac troponin I, as well as Oct4. No beating cells were observed during the period. The combined treatment with RA, DMSO and 5-aza in high-dose could promote HFMSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells and possibly through the change of their pluripotent state.
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76
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Zhang D, Li Q, Rao L, Yi B, Xu Q. Effect of 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine on Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2015; 41:640-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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77
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Lerman DA, Alotti N, Ume KL, Péault B. Cardiac Repair and Regeneration: The Value of Cell Therapies. Eur Cardiol 2015; 11:43-48. [PMID: 27499812 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2016:8:1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease is the predominant contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; one million myocardial Infarctions occur per year in the USA, while more than five million patients suffer from chronic heart failure. Recently, heart failure has been singled out as an epidemic and is a staggering clinical and public health problem associated with significant mortality, morbidity and healthcare expenditures, particularly among those aged ≥65 years. Death rates have improved dramatically over the last four decades, but new approaches are nevertheless urgently needed for those patients who go on to develop ventricular dysfunction and chronic heart failure. Over the past decade, stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for acute or chronic ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Multiple candidate cell types have been used in preclinical animal models and in humans to repair or regenerate the injured heart, either directly or indirectly (through paracrine effects), including: embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), neonatal cardiomyocytes, skeletal myoblasts (SKMs), endothelial progenitor cells, bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, most recently, cardiac stem cells (CSCs). Although no consensus has emerged yet, the ideal cell type for the treatment of heart disease should: (a) improve heart function; (b) create healthy and functional cardiac muscle and vasculature, integrated into the host tissue; (c) be amenable to delivery by minimally invasive clinical methods; (d) be available 'off the shelf' as a standardised reagent; (e) be tolerated by the immune system; (f) be safe oncologically, i.e. not create tumours; and (g) circumvent societal ethical concerns. At present, it is not clear whether such a 'perfect' stem cell exists; what is apparent, however, is that some cell types are more promising than others. In this brief review, we provide ongoing data on agreement and controversy arising from clinical trials and touch upon the future directions of cell therapy for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alejandro Lerman
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Infirmary Hospital of Edinburgh (NHS Lothian), University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and College of Medicine and Veterinary, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Bruno Péault
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and College of Medicine and Veterinary, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Centre, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
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78
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Fan Y, Wang L, Liu C, Zhu H, Zhou L, Wang Y, Wu X, Li Q. Local renin-angiotensin system regulates hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor synthesis in mesenchymal stem cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:2505-2514. [PMID: 26045756 PMCID: PMC4440065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation for ischemic heart disease has been reported for several years. The main mechanisms responsible for the efficacy of this technique include the differentiation of MSCs into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, as well as paracrine effects. However, the differentiation rates of MSCs are very low, and the differentiated cells are not mature. In addition, MSCs undergo massive cell death within a few days after transplantation to the ischemic myocardium. Paracrine effects may thus play a major role in MSCs transplantation. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is known to be produced locally in the ischemic myocardium, but the effects of hypoxia on the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in MSCs, and the role of the RAS in hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that hypoxia stimulated the local RAS in MSCs, while pretreatment with the Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist losartan reduced hypoxia-induced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and VEGF production. The ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 and the Akt inhibitor LY294002 also inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and VEGF production. Overall, these results indicate that the local RAS in MSCs regulates hypoxia-induced VEGF production through ERK1/2, Akt and HIF-1α pathways via the AT1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Hongyi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Qingping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, P.R.China
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79
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Mitochondrial DNA copy number is regulated by DNA methylation and demethylation of POLGA in stem and cancer cells and their differentiated progeny. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1664. [PMID: 25719248 PMCID: PMC4669800 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is strictly regulated during differentiation so that cells with a high requirement for ATP generated through oxidative phosphorylation have high mtDNA copy number, whereas those with a low requirement have few copies. Using immunoprecipitation of DNA methylation on 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), which distinguish between de novo DNA methylation and demethylation, respectively, we set out to determine whether DNA methylation at exon 2 of the human mtDNA-specific polymerase (DNA polymerase gamma A (POLGA)) regulates cell-specific mtDNA copy number in highly proliferative and terminally differentiated cells. Highly proliferative cancer and pluripotent and multipotent cells possessed low mtDNA copy number and were highly methylated at exon 2 of POLGA in contrast to post-mitotic cells. Unlike neural stem cells, cancer cells were unable to differentiate and remained extensively DNA methylated at exon 2 of POLGA. However, mtDNA depletion of cancer cells reduced DNA methylation at exon 2 of POLGA as they replenished mtDNA to form tumours in mice. Glioblastoma cells treated with the DNA demethylation agent 5-azacytidine over 28 days of astrocyte-induced differentiation demethylated exon 2 of POLGA leading to increased mtDNA copy number and expression of the astrocyte endpoint marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). However, the demethylation agent vitamin C (VitC) was unable to sustain increased mtDNA copy number and differentiation, as was the case when VitC was withdrawn after short-term treatment. These data demonstrate that DNA demethylation of POLGA is an essential regulator of mtDNA copy number and cellular fate and that cancer cells are only able to modulate DNA methylation of POLGA and mtDNA copy number in the presence of a DNA demethylation agent that inhibits de novo methyltransferase 1 activity.
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80
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Skalova S, Svadlakova T, Shaikh Qureshi WM, Dev K, Mokry J. Induced pluripotent stem cells and their use in cardiac and neural regenerative medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4043-67. [PMID: 25689424 PMCID: PMC4346943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16024043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are unique pools of cells that are crucial for embryonic development and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. The landmark Nobel Prize winning research by Yamanaka and colleagues to induce pluripotency in somatic cells has reshaped the field of stem cell research. The complications related to the usage of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in human medicine, particularly ESC isolation and histoincompatibility were bypassed with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology. The human iPSCs can be used for studying embryogenesis, disease modeling, drug testing and regenerative medicine. iPSCs can be diverted to different cell lineages using small molecules and growth factors. In this review we have focused on iPSC differentiation towards cardiac and neuronal lineages. Moreover, we deal with the use of iPSCs in regenerative medicine and modeling diseases like myocardial infarction, Timothy syndrome, dilated cardiomyopathy, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease. Despite the promising potential of iPSCs, genome contamination and low efficacy of cell reprogramming remain significant challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepanka Skalova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 50038, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Svadlakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 50038, Czech Republic.
| | - Wasay Mohiuddin Shaikh Qureshi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 50038, Czech Republic.
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 50038, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Mokry
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 50038, Czech Republic.
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Thangavel J, Malik AB, Elias HK, Rajasingh S, Simpson AD, Sundivakkam PK, Vogel SM, Xuan YT, Dawn B, Rajasingh J. Combinatorial therapy with acetylation and methylation modifiers attenuates lung vascular hyperpermeability in endotoxemia-induced mouse inflammatory lung injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2237-49. [PMID: 24929240 PMCID: PMC4116699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of tissue fluid homeostasis and migration of inflammatory cells across the vascular endothelial barrier are crucial factors in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). The goal for treatment of ALI is to target pathways that lead to profound dysregulation of the lung endothelial barrier. Although studies have shown that chemical epigenetic modifiers can limit lung inflammation in experimental ALI models, studies to date have not examined efficacy of a combination of DNA methyl transferase inhibitor 5-Aza 2-deoxycytidine and histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (herein referred to as Aza+TSA) after endotoxemia-induced mouse lung injury. We tested the hypothesis that treatment with Aza+TSA after lipopolysaccharide induction of ALI through epigenetic modification of lung endothelial cells prevents inflammatory lung injury. Combinatorial treatment with Aza+TSA mitigated the increased endothelial permeability response after lipopolysaccharide challenge. In addition, we observed reduced lung inflammation and lung injury. Aza+TSA also significantly reduced mortality in the ALI model. The protection was ascribed to inhibition of the eNOS-Cav1-MLC2 signaling pathway and enhanced acetylation of histone markers on the vascular endothelial-cadherin promoter. In summary, these data show for the first time the efficacy of combinatorial Aza+TSA therapy in preventing ALI in lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia and raise the possibility of an essential role of DNA methyl transferase and histone deacetylase in the mechanism of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Thangavel
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harold K Elias
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Andrew D Simpson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - Stephen M Vogel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yu-Ting Xuan
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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82
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Nakayama KH, Hou L, Huang NF. Role of extracellular matrix signaling cues in modulating cell fate commitment for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:628-41. [PMID: 24443420 PMCID: PMC4031033 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is generally agreed that engineered cardiovascular tissues require cellular interactions with the local milieu. Within the microenvironment, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important support structure that provides dynamic signaling cues in part through its chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. In response to ECM factors, cells activate biochemical and mechanotransduction pathways that modulate their survival, growth, migration, differentiation, and function. This Review describes the role of ECM chemical composition, spatial patterning, and mechanical stimulation in the specification of cardiovascular lineages, with a focus on stem cell differentiation, direct transdifferentiation, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The translational application of ECMs is discussed in the context of cardiovascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina H Nakayama
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, G1120, MC-5454, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Mail Code 153, Palo Alto, CA, 94304 60031l, 650-493-5000, USA
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83
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Wang ZH, Li XL, He XJ, Wu BJ, Xu M, Chang HM, Zhang XH, Xing Z, Jing XH, Kong DM, Kou XH, Yang YY. Delivery of the Sox9 gene promotes chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in an in vitro model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:279-86. [PMID: 24652327 PMCID: PMC4075291 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SRY-related high-mobility-group box 9 (Sox9) gene is a cartilage-specific
transcription factor that plays essential roles in chondrocyte differentiation and
cartilage formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of
genetic delivery of Sox9 to enhance chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical
cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). After they were isolated from
human umbilical cord blood within 24 h after delivery of neonates, hUC-MSCs were
untreated or transfected with a human Sox9-expressing plasmid or an empty vector. The
cells were assessed for morphology and chondrogenic differentiation. The isolated
cells with a fibroblast-like morphology in monolayer culture were positive for the
MSC markers CD44, CD105, CD73, and CD90, but negative for the differentiation markers
CD34, CD45, CD19, CD14, or major histocompatibility complex class II. Sox9
overexpression induced accumulation of sulfated proteoglycans, without altering the
cellular morphology. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that genetic delivery of Sox9
markedly enhanced the expression of aggrecan and type II collagen in hUC-MSCs
compared with empty vector-transfected counterparts. Reverse transcription-polymerase
chain reaction analysis further confirmed the elevation of aggrecan and type II
collagen at the mRNA level in Sox9-transfected cells. Taken together, short-term Sox9
overexpression facilitates chondrogenesis of hUC-MSCs and may thus have potential
implications in cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X L Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X J He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - B J Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - M Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - H M Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - X H Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Z Xing
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - X H Jing
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - D M Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X H Kou
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Y Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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84
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Li Z, Xu Y, Li H, Guan J. Immobilization of insulin-like growth factor-1 onto thermosensitive hydrogels to enhance cardiac progenitor cell survival and differentiation under ischemic conditions. Sci China Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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85
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Gao S, Mao F, Zhang B, Zhang L, Zhang X, Wang M, Yan Y, Yang T, Zhang J, Zhu W, Qian H, Xu W. Mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells induce macrophage M2 polarization through the nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathways. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:366-75. [PMID: 24500984 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213518169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-mediated regulation of macrophages is critical for inflammation response and tissue injury repair. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs on macrophages under normal and inflammatory conditions. Co-culture with MSCs or treatment with MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α while inducing the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and arginase 1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells and splenic CD11b(+) cells. MSC-CM treatment increased the expression of CD206, a marker of alternatively activated M2 macrophages, in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, MSC-CM promoted the proliferation and migration of RAW264.7 cells. MSC-CM treatment activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) but inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 antagonized the induction of IL-10, arginase 1, and CD206 by MSC-CM in RAW264.7 cells. Conclusively, our findings suggest that mouse MSCs induce macrophage M2 activation through the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
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86
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WANG HONGWU, QIU XIAOYAN, NI PING, QIU XUERONG, LIN XIAOBO, WU WEIZHAO, XIE LICHUN, LIN LIMIN, MIN JUAN, LAI XIULAN, CHEN YUNBIN, HO GUYU, MA LIAN. Immunological characteristics of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and the therapeutic effects of their transplantion on hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:263-70. [PMID: 24297321 PMCID: PMC3896453 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation involves the transplantation of pancreatic islets from the pancreas of a donor to another individual. It has proven to be an effective method for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, islet transplantation is hampered by immune rejection, as well as the shortage of donor islets. Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) are an ideal cell source for use in transplantation due to their biological characteristics and their use does not provoke any ethical issues. In this study, we investigated the immunological characteristics of HUMSCs and their effects on lymphocyte proliferation and the secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ, and explored whether direct cell-to-cell interactions and soluble factors, such as IFN-γ were important for balancing HUMSC-mediated immune regulation. We transplanted HUMSCs into diabetic rats to investigate whether these cells can colonize in vivo and differentiate into pancreatic β-cells, and whether the hyperglycemia of diabetic rats can be improved by transplantation. Our results revealed that HUMSCs did not stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes and did not induce allogeneic or xenogeneic immune cell responses. qRT-PCR demonstrated that the HUMSCs produced an immunosuppressive isoform of human leukocyte antigen (HLA-I) and did not express HLA-DR. Flow cytometry revealed that the HUMSCs did not express immune response-related surface antigens such as, CD40, CD40L, CD80 and CD86. IFN-γ secretion by human peripheral blood lymphocytes was reduced when the cells were co-cultured with HUMSCs. These results suggest that HUMSCs are tolerated by the host in an allogeneic transplant. We transplanted HUMSCs into diabetic rats, and the cells survived in the liver and pancreas. Hyperglycemia of the diabetic rats was improved and the destruction of pancreatic cells was partly repaired by HUMSC transplantation. Hyperglycemic improvement may be related to the immunomodulatory effects of HUMSCs. However, the exact mechanisms involved remain to be further clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- HONGWU WANG
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Transformation Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - XIAOYAN QIU
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - PING NI
- Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - XUERONG QIU
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - XIAOBO LIN
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - WEIZHAO WU
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - LICHUN XIE
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - LIMIN LIN
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - JUAN MIN
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Pingshan Women’s And Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - XIULAN LAI
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - YUNBIN CHEN
- Transformation Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women’s And Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Lian Ma, Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail: . Professor Yunbin Chen, Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women’s And Children’s Hospital, 13 Guangyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - GUYU HO
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Transformation Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - LIAN MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Transformation Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Lian Ma, Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail: . Professor Yunbin Chen, Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women’s And Children’s Hospital, 13 Guangyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China, E-mail:
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87
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Jung SY, Choi SH, Yoo SY, Baek SH, Kwon SM. Modulation of Human Cardiac Progenitors via Hypoxia-ERK Circuit Improves their Functional Bioactivities. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21:196-203. [PMID: 24265864 PMCID: PMC3830117 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent accumulating studies have reported that hypoxic preconditioning during ex vivo expansion enhanced the self-renewal or differentiation of various stem cells and provide an important strategy for the adequate modulation of oxygen in culture conditions, which might increase the functional bioactivity of these cells for cardiac regeneration. In this study, we proposed a novel priming protocol to increase the functional bioactivity of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) for the treatment of cardiac regeneration. Firstly, patient-derived c-kit+ CPCs isolated from the atrium of human hearts by enzymatic digestion and secondly, pivotal target molecules identifi ed their differentiation into specific cell lineages. We observed that hCPCs, in response to hypoxia, strongly activated ERK phosphorylation in ex vivo culture conditioning. Interestingly, pre-treatment with an ERK inhibitor, U0126, significantly enhanced cellular proliferation and tubular formation capacities of CPCs. Furthermore, we observed that hCPCs efficiently maintained the expression of the c-kit, a typical stem cell marker of CPCs, under both hypoxic conditioning and ERK inhibition. We also show that hCPCs, after preconditioning of both hypoxic and ERK inhibition, are capable of differentiating into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs), but not endothelial cells (ECs), as demonstrated by the strong expression of α-SMA, Nkx2.5, and cTnT, respectively. From our results, we conclude that the functional bioactivity of patient-derived hCPCs and their ability to differentiate into SMCs and CMs can be effi ciently increased under specifically defined culture conditions such as shortterm hypoxic preconditioning and ERK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Yun Jung
- Laboratory of Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870
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88
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Zhang F, Wu J, Lu M, Wang H, Feng H. 5-Azacytidine inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. TOXIN REV 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2013.846382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Acosta SA, Franzese N, Staples M, Weinbren NL, Babilonia M, Patel J, Merchant N, Simancas AJ, Slakter A, Caputo M, Patel M, Franyuti G, Franzblau MH, Suarez L, Gonzales-Portillo C, Diamandis T, Shinozuka K, Tajiri N, Sanberg PR, Kaneko Y, Miller LW, Borlongan CV. Human Umbilical Cord Blood for Transplantation Therapy in Myocardial Infarction. JOURNAL OF STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY 2013:S4-005. [PMID: 24307973 PMCID: PMC3845524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy is a promising therapy for myocardial infarction. Endogenous repair of the heart muscle after myocardial infarction is a challenge because adult cardiomyocytes have a limited capacity to proliferate and replace damaged cells. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence has shown that cell based therapy may promote revascularization and replacement of damaged myocytes after myocardial infarction. Adult stem cells can be harvested from different sources including bone marrow, skeletal myoblast, and human umbilical cord blood cells. The use of these cells for the repair of myocardial infarction presents various advantages over other sources of stem cells. Among these are easy harvesting, unlimited differentiation capability, and robust angiogenic potential. In this review, we discuss the milestone findings and the most recent evidence demonstrating the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the transplantation of human umbilical cord blood cells as a stand-alone therapy or in combination with gene therapy, highlighting the importance of optimizing the timing, dose and delivery methods, and a better understanding of the mechanisms of action that will guide the clinical entry of this innovative treatment for ischemic disorders, specifically myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Acosta
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nick Franzese
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Meaghan Staples
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nathan L. Weinbren
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Monica Babilonia
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jason Patel
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Neil Merchant
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alejandra Jacotte Simancas
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam Slakter
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mathew Caputo
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Milan Patel
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Giorgio Franyuti
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Max H. Franzblau
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lyanne Suarez
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chiara Gonzales-Portillo
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Theo Diamandis
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kazutaka Shinozuka
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Naoki Tajiri
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul R. Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yuji Kaneko
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Leslie W. Miller
- USF Heart Institute, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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90
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Abbey D, Seshagiri PB. Aza-induced cardiomyocyte differentiation of P19 EC-cells by epigenetic co-regulation and ERK signaling. Gene 2013; 526:364-73. [PMID: 23747406 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells in cell based therapy for cardiac injury is being potentially considered. However, genetic regulatory networks involved in cardiac differentiation are not clearly understood. Among stem cell differentiation models, mouse P19 embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells, are employed for studying (epi)genetic regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Here, we comprehensively assessed cardiogenic differentiation potential of 5-azacytidine (Aza) on P19 EC-cells, associated gene expression profiles and the changes in DNA methylation, histone acetylation and activated-ERK signaling status during differentiation. Initial exposure of Aza to cultured EC-cells leads to an efficient (55%) differentiation to cardiomyocyte-rich embryoid bodies with a threefold (16.8%) increase in the cTnI+ cardiomyocytes. Expression levels of cardiac-specific gene markers i.e., Isl-1, BMP-2, GATA-4, and α-MHC were up-regulated following Aza induction, accompanied by differential changes in their methylation status particularly that of BMP-2 and α-MHC. Additionally, increases in the levels of acetylated-H3 and pERK were observed during Aza-induced cardiac differentiation. These studies demonstrate that Aza is a potent cardiac inducer when treated during the initial phase of differentiation of mouse P19 EC-cells and its effect is brought about epigenetically and co-ordinatedly by hypo-methylation and histone acetylation-mediated hyper-expression of cardiogenesis-associated genes and involving activation of ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Abbey
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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91
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Crowder SW, Liang Y, Rath R, Park AM, Maltais S, Pintauro PN, Hofmeister W, Lim CC, Wang X, Sung HJ. Poly(ε-caprolactone)-carbon nanotube composite scaffolds for enhanced cardiac differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1763-76. [PMID: 23530764 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of electrically conductive, biocompatible composite scaffolds in modulating the cardiomyogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). MATERIALS & METHODS Electrospun scaffolds of poly(ε-caprolactone) with or without carbon nanotubes were developed to promote the in vitro cardiac differentiation of hMSCs. RESULTS Results indicate that hMSC differentiation can be enhanced by either culturing in electrically conductive, carbon nanotube-containing composite scaffolds without electrical stimulation in the presence of 5-azacytidine, or extrinsic electrical stimulation in nonconductive poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds without carbon nanotube and azacytidine. CONCLUSION This study suggests a first step towards improving hMSC cardiomyogenic differentiation for local delivery into the infarcted myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer W Crowder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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92
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2013; 18:111-30. [PMID: 23299306 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32835daf68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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93
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Z. Asumda F. Towards the development of a reliable protocol for mesenchymal stem cell cardiomyogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/scd.2013.31003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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94
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Abu Kasim NH, Govindasamy V, Gnanasegaran N, Musa S, Pradeep PJ, Srijaya TC, Aziz ZACA. Unique molecular signatures influencing the biological function and fate of post-natal stem cells isolated from different sources. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:E252-66. [PMID: 23229816 DOI: 10.1002/term.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from a myriad of tissues has triggered the initiative of establishing tailor-made stem cells for disease-specific therapy. Nevertheless, lack of understanding on the inherent differential propensities of these cells may restrict their clinical outcome. Therefore, a comprehensive study was done to compare the proliferation, differentiation, expression of cell surface markers and gene profiling of stem cells isolated from different sources, viz. bone marrow, Wharton's jelly, adipose tissue and dental pulp. We found that although all MSCs were phenotypically similar to each other, Wharton's jelly (WJ) MSCs and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were highly proliferative as compared to bone marrow (BM) MSCs and adipose tissue (AD) MSCs. Moreover, indistinguishable cell surface characteristics and differentiation capacity were confirmed to be similar among all cell types. Based on gene expression profiling, we postulate that BM-MSCs constitutively expressed genes related to inflammation and immunodulation, whereas genes implicated in tissue development were highly expressed in AD-MSCs. Furthermore, the transcriptome profiling of WJ-MSCs and DPSCs revealed an inherent bias towards the neuro-ectoderm lineage. Based on our findings, we believe that there is no unique master mesenchymal stem cell that is appropriate to treat all target diseases. More precisely, MSCs from different sources exhibit distinct and unique gene expression signatures that make them competent to give rise to specific lineages rather than others. Therefore, stem cells should be subjected to rigorous characterization and utmost vigilance needs to be adopted in order to choose the best cellular source for a particular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vijayendran Govindasamy
- Hygieia Innovation Sdn. Bhd, Lot 1G-2G, Lanai Complex No.2, Persiaran Seri Perdana, Percint 10, Federal Territory of Putrajaya, Malaysia.,Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nareshwaran Gnanasegaran
- Regenerative Dentistry Research Group (ReDReG), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sabri Musa
- Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Regenerative Dentistry Research Group (ReDReG), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Padmaja Jayaprasad Pradeep
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Zeti Adura Che Ab Aziz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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95
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Role of WNT/β-Catenin Signaling in Rejuvenating Myogenic Differentiation of Aged Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Cardiac Patients. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:2067-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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96
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Direct comparison of distinct cardiomyogenic induction methodologies in human cardiac-derived c-kit positive progenitor cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-012-0336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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97
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Lindenmair A, Hatlapatka T, Kollwig G, Hennerbichler S, Gabriel C, Wolbank S, Redl H, Kasper C. Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells from amnion and umbilical cord tissue and their potential for clinical applications. Cells 2012; 1:1061-88. [PMID: 24710543 PMCID: PMC3901122 DOI: 10.3390/cells1041061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSC) have proven to offer great promise for cell-based therapies and tissue engineering applications, as these cells are capable of extensive self-renewal and display a multilineage differentiation potential. Furthermore, MSC were shown to exhibit immunomodulatory properties and display supportive functions through parakrine effects. Besides bone marrow (BM), still today the most common source of MSC, these cells were found to be present in a variety of postnatal and extraembryonic tissues and organs as well as in a large variety of fetal tissues. Over the last decade, the human umbilical cord and human amnion have been found to be a rich and valuable source of MSC that is bio-equivalent to BM-MSC. Since these tissues are discarded after birth, the cells are easily accessible without ethical concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lindenmair
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna/Linz 1200, Austria.
| | - Tim Hatlapatka
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria.
| | - Gregor Kollwig
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria.
| | | | | | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna/Linz 1200, Austria.
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna/Linz 1200, Austria.
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria.
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98
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Lee SY, Ham O, Cha MJ, Song BW, Choi E, Kim IK, Chang W, Lim S, Lee CY, Park JH, Lee J, Bae Y, Seo HH, Choi E, Jang Y, Hwang KC. The promotion of cardiogenic differentiation of hMSCs by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor using microRNA-133a. Biomaterials 2012; 34:92-9. [PMID: 23069713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are an attractive candidate for cell therapy in heart disease. Low survival and incomplete electromechanical integration between resident cardiomyocytes and transplanted hMSCs remain unsolved. In order for an infarcted heart to tolerate transplantation, differentiation capacity in stem cells must be reinforced. In this study, we found that compound 56, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, promotes cardiogenic differentiation of hMSCs and the transplantation of hMSCs treated with compound 56 resulted in enhancement of heart functions. Furthermore, hMSCs transfected with microRNA-133a (miR-133a), which targets EGFR, were observed to express cardiac-specific markers. We also discovered that luciferase activity is exclusively decreased by targeting EGFR in hMSCs transfected with miR-133a mimic. These results suggest that EGFR plays a key role in the regulation of cardiogenic differentiation in hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Yeon Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
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99
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Yannarelli G, Dayan V, Pacienza N, Lee CJ, Medin J, Keating A. Human umbilical cord perivascular cells exhibit enhanced cardiomyocyte reprogramming and cardiac function after experimental acute myocardial infarction. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:1651-66. [PMID: 23043977 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We were interested in evaluating the ability of the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) population, human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs), to undergo cardiomyocyte reprogramming in an established coculture system with rat embryonic cardiomyocytes. Results were compared with human bone marrow-derived (BM) MSCs. The transcription factors GATA4 and Mef 2c were expressed in HUCPVCs but not BM-MSCs at baseline and, at 7 days, increased 7.6- and 3.5-fold, respectively, compared with BM-MSCs. Although cardiac-specific gene expression increased in both cell types in coculture, upregulation was more significant in HUCPVCs, consistent with Mef 2c-GATA4 synergism. Using a lentivector with eGFP transcribed from the α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) promoter, we found that cardiac gene expression was greater in HUCPVCs than BM-MSCs after 14 days coculture (52±17% vs. 29±6%, respectively). A higher frequency of HUCPVCs expressed α-MHC protein compared with BM-MSCs (11.6±0.9% vs. 5.3±0.3%); however, both cell types retained MSC-associated determinants. We also assessed the ability of the MSC types to mediate cardiac regeneration in a NOD/SCID γ mouse model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Fourteen days after AMI, cardiac function was significantly better in cell-treated mice compared with control animals and HUCPVCs exhibited greater improvement. Although human cells persisted in the infarct area, the frequency of α-MHC expression was low. Our results indicate that HUCPVCs exhibit a greater degree of cardiomyocyte reprogramming but that differentiation for both cell types is partial. We conclude that HUCPVCs may be preferable to BM-MSCs in the cell therapy of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Yannarelli
- Cell Therapy Program, Prince Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2M9.
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100
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Galli D, Gobbi G, Carrubbi C, Di Marcantonio D, Benedetti L, De Angelis MGC, Meschi T, Vaccarezza M, Sampaolesi M, Mirandola P, Vitale M. The role of PKCε-dependent signaling for cardiac differentiation. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 139:35-46. [PMID: 22936275 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-1022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCε) exerts a well-known cardio-protective activity in ischemia-reperfusion injury and plays a pivotal role in stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Although many studies have been performed on physiological and morphological effects of PKCε mis-expression in cardiomyocytes, molecular information on the role of PKCε on early cardiac gene expression are still lacking. We addressed the molecular role of PKCε in cardiac cells using mouse cardiomyocytes and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. We show that PKCε is modulated in cardiac differentiation producing an opposite regulation of the cardiac genes NK2 transcription factor related, locus 5 (nkx2.5) and GATA binding protein 4 (gata4) both in vivo and in vitro. Phospho-extracellular regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) levels increase in PKCε over-expressing cells, while pkcε siRNAs produce a decrease in p-ERK1/2. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 rescues the expression levels of both nkx2.5 and gata4, suggesting that a reinforced (mitogen-activated protein kinase) MAPK signaling is at the basis of the observed inhibition of cardiac gene expression in the PKCε over-expressing hearts. We demonstrate that PKCε is critical for cardiac cell early gene expression evidencing that this protein is a regulator that has to be fine tuned in precursor cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Galli
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences-S.Bi.Bi.T., University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
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