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O'Clock GD, Strouse Watt W. A Model and Simulation With Therapeutic Device-Protocol Design Implications for Acute and Chronic Wounds. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:4967-4973. [PMID: 33019102 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of healing processes for different tissues and organs, along with the development of appropriate therapeutic devices and treatment protocols, requires an appreciation for the mechanisms-of-action and sequencing of many interconnected chemical, electrical, mechanical, and optical activities. Unfortunately, the substantial contributions that endogenous electrical mechanisms-of-action provide in healing and regulation are often overlooked, resulting in a poor transfer of knowledge from science, to engineering, and finally, to therapy. The wide variety of healing processes, their therapeutic implications, and the devices and protocol designs that are most effective cannot be understood or addressed adequately without an understanding of the endogenous electrical mechanisms-of-action associated with wound healing. Achieving this level of understanding can be enhanced by the use of appropriate models and simulations that are based on physiological/biochemical system response characteristics.
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Zhao S, Mehta AS, Zhao M. Biomedical applications of electrical stimulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2681-2699. [PMID: 31974658 PMCID: PMC7954539 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview on the biomedical applications of electrical stimulation (EStim). EStim has a wide range of direct effects on both biomolecules and cells. These effects have been exploited to facilitate proliferation and functional development of engineered tissue constructs for regenerative medicine applications. They have also been tested or used in clinics for pain mitigation, muscle rehabilitation, the treatment of motor/consciousness disorders, wound healing, and drug delivery. However, the research on fundamental mechanism of cellular response to EStim has fell behind its applications, which has hindered the full exploitation of the clinical potential of EStim. Moreover, despite the positive outcome from the in vitro and animal studies testing the efficacy of EStim, existing clinical trials failed to establish strong, conclusive supports for the therapeutic efficacy of EStim for most of the clinical applications mentioned above. Two potential directions of future research to improve the clinical utility of EStim are presented, including the optimization and standardization of the stimulation protocol and the development of more tissue-matching devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Zhao
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center 985965, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Abijeet Singh Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Suite 1630, Room 1617, 2921 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Suite 1630, Room 1617, 2921 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
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Amador-Muñoz D, Gutiérrez ÁM, Payán-Gómez C, Matheus LM. In silico and in vitro analysis of cation-activated potassium channels in human corneal endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108114. [PMID: 32561484 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The corneal endothelium is the inner cell monolayer involved in the maintenance of corneal transparence by the generation of homeostatic dehydration. The glycosaminoglycans of the corneal stroma develop a continuous swelling pressure that should be counteracted by the corneal endothelial cells through active transport mechanisms to move the water to the anterior chamber. Protein transporters for sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) are involved in this endothelial "pump function", however despite its physiological importance, the efflux mechanism is not completely understood. There is experimental evidence describing transendothelial diffusion of water in the absence of osmotic gradients. Therefore, it is important to get a deeper understanding of alternative models that drive the fluid transport across the endothelium such as the electrochemical gradients. Three transcriptomic datasets of the corneal endothelium were used in this study to analyze the expression of genes that encode proteins that participate in the transport and the reestablishment of the membrane potential across the semipermeable endothelium. Subsequently, the expression of the identified channels was validated in vitro both at mRNA and protein levels. The results of this study provide the first evidence of the expression of KCNN2, KCNN3 and KCNT2 genes in the corneal endothelium. Differences among the level of expression of KCNN2, KCNT2 and KCNN4 genes were found in a differentially expressed gene analysis of the dataset. Taken together these results underscore the potential importance of the ionic channels in the pathophysiology of corneal diseases. Moreover, we elucidate novel mechanisms that might be involved in the pivotal dehydrating function of the endothelium and in others physiologic functions of these cells using in silico pathways analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Amador-Muñoz
- Neuroscience (NEUROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63 C 69, P.O 111221, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Ángela María Gutiérrez
- Escuela Superior de Oftalmología, Instituto Barraquer de América, Calle 100 No. 18 A 51, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - César Payán-Gómez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63 C 69, Bogotá, P.O 111221, Colombia.
| | - Luisa Marina Matheus
- Neuroscience (NEUROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63 C 69, P.O 111221, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Electric Fields at Breast Cancer and Cancer Cell Collective Galvanotaxis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8712. [PMID: 32457381 PMCID: PMC7250931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer growth interferes with local ionic environments, membrane potentials, and transepithelial potentials, resulting in small electrical changes in the tumor microenvironment. Electrical fields (EFs) have significant effects on cancer cell migration (galvanotaxis/electrotaxis), however, their role as a regulator of cancer progression and metastasis is poorly understood. Here, we employed unique probe systems to characterize the electrical properties of cancer cells and their migratory ability under an EF. Subcutaneous tumors were established from a triple-negative murine breast cancer cell line (4T1), electric currents and potentials of tumors were measured using vibrating probe and glass microelectrodes, respectively. Steady outward and inward currents could be detected at different positions on the tumor surface and magnitudes of the electric currents on the tumor surface strongly correlated with tumor weights. Potential measurements also showed the non-homogeneous intratumor electric potentials. Cancer cell migration was then surveyed in the presence of EFs in vitro. Parental 4T1 cells and metastatic sublines in isolation showed random migration in EFs of physiological strength, whereas cells in monolayer migrated collectively to the anode. Our data contribute to an improved understanding of breast cancer metastasis, providing new evidence in support of an electrical mechanism that promotes this phenomenon.
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Gouarderes S, Doumard L, Vicendo P, Mingotaud AF, Rols MP, Gibot L. Electroporation does not affect human dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration properties directly but indirectly via the secretome. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 134:107531. [PMID: 32335353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aesthetic wound healing is often experienced by patients after electrochemotherapy. We hypothesized that pulsed electric fields applied during electrochemotherapy (ECT) or gene electrotransfer (GET) protocols could stimulate proliferation and migration of human cutaneous cells, as described in protocols for electrostimulation of wound healing. We used videomicroscopy to monitor and quantify in real time primary human dermal fibroblast behavior when exposed in vitro to ECT and GET electric parameters, in terms of survival, proliferation and migration in a calibrated scratch wound assay. Distinct electric field intensities were applied to allow gradient in cell electropermeabilization while maintaining reversible permeabilization conditions, in order to mimic in vivo heterogeneous electric field distribution of complex tissues. Neither galvanotaxis nor statistical modification of fibroblast migration were observed in a calibrated scratch wound assay after application of ECT and GET parameters. The only effect on proliferation was observed under the strongest GET conditions, which drastically reduced the number of fibroblasts through induction of mitochondrial stress and apoptosis. Finally, we found that 24 h-conditioned cell culture medium by electrically stressed fibroblasts tended to increase the migration properties of cells that were not exposed to electric field. RT-qPCR array indicated that several growth factor transcripts were strongly modified after electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gouarderes
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Layal Doumard
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Vicendo
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Rols
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Gibot
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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56
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Cervera J, Meseguer S, Levin M, Mafe S. Bioelectrical model of head-tail patterning based on cell ion channels and intercellular gap junctions. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 132:107410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Levin M, Selberg J, Rolandi M. Endogenous Bioelectrics in Development, Cancer, and Regeneration: Drugs and Bioelectronic Devices as Electroceuticals for Regenerative Medicine. iScience 2019; 22:519-533. [PMID: 31837520 PMCID: PMC6920204 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A major frontier in the post-genomic era is the investigation of the control of coordinated growth and three-dimensional form. Dynamic remodeling of complex organs in regulative embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer reveals that cells and tissues make decisions that implement complex anatomical outcomes. It is now essential to understand not only the genetics that specifies cellular hardware but also the physiological software that implements tissue-level plasticity and robust morphogenesis. Here, we review recent discoveries about the endogenous mechanisms of bioelectrical communication among non-neural cells that enables them to cooperate in vivo. We discuss important advances in bioelectronics, as well as computational and pharmacological tools that are enabling the taming of biophysical controls toward applications in regenerative medicine and synthetic bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - John Selberg
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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58
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Naclerio F, Seijo M, Karsten B, Brooker G, Carbone L, Thirkell J, Larumbe-Zabala E. Effectiveness of combining microcurrent with resistance training in trained males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2641-2653. [PMID: 31624949 PMCID: PMC6858393 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Microcurrent has been used to promote tissue healing after injury or to hasten muscle remodeling post exercise post exercise. Purpose To compare the effects of resistance training in combination with either, microcurrent or sham treatment, on-body composition and muscular architecture. Additionally, changes in performance and perceived delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were determined. Methods Eighteen males (25.7 ± 7.6 years) completed an 8-week resistance training program involving 3 workouts per week (24 total sessions) wearing a microcurrent (MIC, n = 9) or a sham (SH, n = 9) device for 3-h post-workout or in the morning during non-training days. Measurements were conducted at pre and post intervention. Results Compared to baseline, both groups increased (p < 0.05) muscle thickness of the elbow flexors (MIC + 2.9 ± 1.4 mm; SH + 3.0 ± 2.4 mm), triceps brachialis (MIC + 4.3 ± 2.8 mm; SH + 2.7 ± 2.6 mm), vastus medialis (MIC + 1.5 ± 1.5 mm; SH + 0.9 ± 0.8 mm) and vastus lateralis (MIC + 6.8 ± 8.0 mm; SH + 3.2 ± 1.8 mm). Although both groups increased (p < 0.01) the pennation angle of vastus lateralis (MIC + 2.90° ± 0.95°; SH + 1.90° ± 1.35°, p < 0.01), the change measured in MIC was higher (p = 0.045) than that observed in SH. Furthermore, only MIC enlarged (p < 0.01) the pennation angle of brachialis (MIC + 1.93 ± 1.51). Both groups improved (p < 0.05) bench press strength and power but only MIC enhanced (p < 0.01) vertical jump height. At post intervention, only MIC decreased (p < 0.05) DOMS at 12-h, 24-h, and 48-h after performing an exercise-induced muscle soreness protocol. Conclusion A 3-h daily use of microcurrent maximized muscular architectural changes and attenuated DOMS with no added significant benefits on body composition and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Naclerio
- Department of Life and Sport Science, University of Greenwich, Avery Hill Campus, Sparrows Farm, Avery Hill Road, Eltham, SE9 2BT, UK.
| | - Marcos Seijo
- Department of Life and Sport Science, University of Greenwich, Avery Hill Campus, Sparrows Farm, Avery Hill Road, Eltham, SE9 2BT, UK
| | - Bettina Karsten
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Lunex International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Differdange, Luxemburg
| | - George Brooker
- Department of Life and Sport Science, University of Greenwich, Avery Hill Campus, Sparrows Farm, Avery Hill Road, Eltham, SE9 2BT, UK
| | - Leandro Carbone
- Department of Life and Sport Science, University of Greenwich, Avery Hill Campus, Sparrows Farm, Avery Hill Road, Eltham, SE9 2BT, UK
| | - Jack Thirkell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK
| | - Eneko Larumbe-Zabala
- Clinical Research Institute, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Mohammadkhah M, Marinkovic D, Zehn M, Checa S. A review on computer modeling of bone piezoelectricity and its application to bone adaptation and regeneration. Bone 2019; 127:544-555. [PMID: 31356890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a hierarchical, multiphasic and anisotropic structure which in addition possess piezoelectric properties. The generation of piezoelectricity in bone is a complex process which has been shown to play a key role both in bone adaptation and regeneration. In order to understand the complex biological, mechanical and electrical interactions that take place during these processes, several computer models have been developed and used to test hypothesis on potential mechanisms behind experimental observations. This paper aims to review the available literature on computer modeling of bone piezoelectricity and its application to bone adaptation and healing. We first provide a brief overview of the fundamentals of piezoelectricity and bone piezoelectric effects. We then review how these properties have been used in computational models of bone adaptation and electromechanical behaviour of bone. In addition, in the last section, we summarize current limitations and potential directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Mohammadkhah
- Department of Structural Mechanics, Berlin Institute of Technology, Fakultät V - Institut für Mechanik, FG Strukturmechanik und Strukturberechnung, Sekr. C 8-3, Geb. M Str. des 17, Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dragan Marinkovic
- Department of Structural Mechanics, Berlin Institute of Technology, Fakultät V - Institut für Mechanik, FG Strukturmechanik und Strukturberechnung, Sekr. C 8-3, Geb. M Str. des 17, Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Nis, Serbia.
| | - Manfred Zehn
- Department of Structural Mechanics, Berlin Institute of Technology, Fakultät V - Institut für Mechanik, FG Strukturmechanik und Strukturberechnung, Sekr. C 8-3, Geb. M Str. des 17, Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sara Checa
- Department of Structural Mechanics, Berlin Institute of Technology, Fakultät V - Institut für Mechanik, FG Strukturmechanik und Strukturberechnung, Sekr. C 8-3, Geb. M Str. des 17, Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany; Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Wang K, Parekh U, Ting JK, Yamamoto NAD, Zhu J, Costantini T, Arias AC, Eliceiri BP, Ng TN. A Platform to Study the Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Immune Cell Activation During Wound Healing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1900106. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Udit Parekh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Jonathan K. Ting
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley 253 Cory Hall, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Natasha A. D. Yamamoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley 253 Cory Hall, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Juan Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley 253 Cory Hall, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Todd Costantini
- Department of Surgery University of California San Diego USA
| | - Ana Claudia Arias
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley 253 Cory Hall, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | - Tse Nga Ng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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Grossemy S, Chan PPY, Doran PM. Electrical stimulation of cell growth and neurogenesis using conductive and nonconductive microfibrous scaffolds. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 11:264-279. [DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of exogenous electrical stimulation on cell viability, attachment, growth, and neurogenesis was examined using PC12 cells in microfibrous viscose-rayon scaffolds immersed in culture medium. The scaffolds were applied either in their nonconductive state or after coating the fibres with 200 nm of gold to give a scaffold sheet resistivity of (13 ± 1.3) Ω square−1. The cells were treated for 12 days using direct current electrical stimulation of 2 h per day. No cytotoxic effects were observed when up to 500 mV (8.3 mV mm−1) was applied to the scaffolds without gold, or when up to 100 mV (1.7 mV mm−1) was applied to the scaffolds with gold. Compared with unstimulated cells, whereas electrical stimulation significantly enhanced cell growth and attachment in the nonconductive scaffolds without gold, similar effects were not found for the conductive scaffolds with gold. Neural differentiation in the presence of nerve growth factor was improved by electrical stimulation in both scaffolds; however, neurite development and the expression of key differentiation markers were greater in the nonconductive scaffolds without gold than in the scaffolds with gold. Application of the same current to scaffolds with and without gold led to much higher levels of neurogenesis in the scaffolds without gold. This work demonstrates that substantial benefits in terms of cell growth and neural differentiation can be obtained using electric fields exerted across nonconductive microfibrous scaffolds, and that this approach to electrical stimulation can be more effective than when the stimulus is applied to cells on conductive scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Grossemy
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peggy P Y Chan
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pauline M Doran
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Australia
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Advanced drug delivery systems and artificial skin grafts for skin wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:209-239. [PMID: 30605737 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous injuries, especially chronic wounds, burns, and skin wound infection, require painstakingly long-term treatment with an immense financial burden to healthcare systems worldwide. However, clinical management of chronic wounds remains unsatisfactory in many cases. Various strategies including growth factor and gene delivery as well as cell therapy have been used to enhance the healing of non-healing wounds. Drug delivery systems across the nano, micro, and macroscales can extend half-life, improve bioavailability, optimize pharmacokinetics, and decrease dosing frequency of drugs and genes. Replacement of the damaged skin tissue with substitutes comprising cell-laden scaffold can also restore the barrier and regulatory functions of skin at the wound site. This review covers comprehensively the advanced treatment strategies to improve the quality of wound healing.
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63
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Cervera J, Manzanares JA, Mafe S, Levin M. Synchronization of Bioelectric Oscillations in Networks of Nonexcitable Cells: From Single-Cell to Multicellular States. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:3924-3934. [PMID: 31003574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biological networks use collective oscillations for information processing tasks. In particular, oscillatory membrane potentials have been observed in nonexcitable cells and bacterial communities where specific ion channel proteins contribute to the bioelectric coordination of large populations. We aim at describing theoretically the oscillatory spatiotemporal patterns that emerge at the multicellular level from the single-cell bioelectric dynamics. To this end, we focus on two key questions: (i) What single-cell properties are relevant to multicellular behavior? (ii) What properties defined at the multicellular level can allow an external control of the bioelectric dynamics? In particular, we explore the interplay between transcriptional and translational dynamics and membrane potential dynamics in a model multicellular ensemble, describe the spatiotemporal patterns that arise when the average electric potential allows groups of cells to act as a coordinated multicellular patch, and characterize the resulting synchronization phenomena. The simulations concern bioelectric networks and collective communication across different scales based on oscillatory and synchronization phenomena, thus shedding light on the physiological dynamics of a wide range of endogenous contexts across embryogenesis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cervera
- Departament de Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física , Universitat de València , E-46100 Burjassot , Spain
| | - José Antonio Manzanares
- Departament de Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física , Universitat de València , E-46100 Burjassot , Spain
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Departament de Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física , Universitat de València , E-46100 Burjassot , Spain
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Department of Biology , Tufts University Medford , Massachusetts 02155-4243 , United States
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Tang P, Han L, Li P, Jia Z, Wang K, Zhang H, Tan H, Guo T, Lu X. Mussel-Inspired Electroactive and Antioxidative Scaffolds with Incorporation of Polydopamine-Reduced Graphene Oxide for Enhancing Skin Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:7703-7714. [PMID: 30714361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wound repair and tissue regeneration are complex processes that involve many physiological signals. Thus, employing novel wound dressings with potent biological activity and physiological signal response ability to accelerate wound healing is a possible solution. Herein, inspired by mussel chemistry, we developed a polydopamine (PDA)-reduced graphene oxide (pGO)-incorporated chitosan (CS) and silk fibroin (SF) (pGO-CS/SF) scaffold with good mechanical, electroactive, and antioxidative properties as an efficient wound dressing. First, pGO with good dispersibility and cell affinity was obtained upon reduction by PDA under alkali conditions. Second, pGO was dispersed into a CS/SF mixture, and then CS and SF chains were dual-cross-linked by poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether and glutaraldehyde to obtain a pGO-incorporated gel. Finally, the gel underwent a freeze-dry process to obtain the pGO-CS/SF scaffold. Owing to PDA reduction and functionalization, pGO in the scaffold plays important roles for the performances of the scaffolds. First, the pGO acts as nanoreinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties of the scaffold by combining the dual-cross-linked CS/SF network. Second, the uniformly distributed pGO in the scaffolds comprises a well-connected electric pathway, which can provide a channel for the transmission of electrical signals in the scaffold. Moreover, pGO in the scaffolds serves as an antioxidant agent to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and therefore terminates excessive ROS oxidation. In vitro studies show that electroactive pGO-CS/SF scaffolds can respond to electrical signals and promote cytological behavior. In addition, the pGO-CS/SF scaffolds can reduce cellular oxidation by removing excessive ROS. The in vivo full-thickness skin defect model demonstrates that the electroactive and antioxidative pGO-CS/SF scaffold can efficiently enhance wound healing. In summary, the pGO-CS/SF scaffold is a promising wound dressing because of its ability to promote physiological electrical signal transmission for cell growth and reduce ROS oxidation, resulting in an improved wound regeneration effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Tang
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , China
| | - Lu Han
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , China
| | - Zhanrong Jia
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , China
| | - Kefeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Genome Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest University of Science and Technology , Mianyang , Sichuan 621010 , China
| | - Hui Tan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518035 , China
| | - Tailin Guo
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , China
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Churchill CDM, Winter P, Tuszynski JA, Levin M. EDEn-Electroceutical Design Environment: Ion Channel Tissue Expression Database with Small Molecule Modulators. iScience 2019; 11:42-56. [PMID: 30590250 PMCID: PMC6308252 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of bioelectricity has revealed numerous new roles for ion channels beyond the nervous system, which can be exploited for applications in regenerative medicine. Developing such biomedical interventions for birth defects, cancer, traumatic injury, and bioengineering first requires knowledge of ion channel targets expressed in tissues of interest. This information can then be used to select combinations of small molecule inhibitors and/or activators that manipulate the bioelectric state. Here, we provide an overview of electroceutical design environment (EDEn), the first bioinformatic platform that facilitates the design of such therapeutic strategies. This database includes information on ion channels and ion pumps, linked to known chemical modulators and their properties. The database also provides information about the expression levels of the ion channels in over 100 tissue types. The graphical interface allows the user to readily identify chemical entities that can alter the electrical properties of target cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Winter
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Jack A Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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Electric field-responsive nanoparticles and electric fields: physical, chemical, biological mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:56-67. [PMID: 30414494 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electric fields are among physical stimuli that have revolutionized therapy. Occurring endogenously or exogenously, the electric field can be used as a trigger for controlled drug release from electroresponsive drug delivery systems, can stimulate wound healing and cell proliferation, may enhance endocytosis or guide stem cell differentiation. Electric field pulses may be applied to induce cell fusion, can increase the penetration of therapeutic agents into cells, or can be applied as a standalone therapy to ablate tumors. This review describes the main therapeutic trends and overviews the main physical, chemical and biological mechanisms underlying the actions of electric fields. Overall, the electric field can be used in therapeutic approaches in several ways. The electric field can act on drug carriers, cells and tissues. Understanding the multiple effects of this powerful tool will help harnessing its full therapeutic potential in an efficient and safe way.
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68
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Abdul Kadir L, Stacey M, Barrett-Jolley R. Emerging Roles of the Membrane Potential: Action Beyond the Action Potential. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1661. [PMID: 30519193 PMCID: PMC6258788 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst the phenomenon of an electrical resting membrane potential (RMP) is a central tenet of biology, it is nearly always discussed as a phenomenon that facilitates the propagation of action potentials in excitable tissue, muscle, and nerve. However, as ion channel research shifts beyond these tissues, it became clear that the RMP is a feature of virtually all cells studied. The RMP is maintained by the cell’s compliment of ion channels. Transcriptome sequencing is increasingly revealing that equally rich compliments of ion channels exist in both excitable and non-excitable tissue. In this review, we discuss a range of critical roles that the RMP has in a variety of cell types beyond the action potential. Whereas most biologists would perceive that the RMP is primarily about excitability, the data show that in fact excitability is only a small part of it. Emerging evidence show that a dynamic membrane potential is critical for many other processes including cell cycle, cell-volume control, proliferation, muscle contraction (even in the absence of an action potential), and wound healing. Modulation of the RMP is therefore a potential target for many new drugs targeting a range of diseases and biological functions from cancer through to wound healing and is likely to be key to the development of successful stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Abdul Kadir
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Stacey
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Richard Barrett-Jolley
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Dagenais A, Desjardins J, Shabbir W, Roy A, Filion D, Sauvé R, Berthiaume Y. Loss of barrier integrity in alveolar epithelial cells downregulates ENaC expression and activity via Ca 2+ and TRPV4 activation. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1615-1631. [PMID: 30088081 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial Na channel (ENaC) plays an essential role in lung physiology by modulating the amount of liquid lining the respiratory epithelium. Here, we tested the effect of breaking alveolar epithelial cell barrier integrity on ENaC expression and function. We found that either mechanical wounding by scratching the monolayer or disruption of tight junction with EDTA induced a ~ 50% decrease of α,β and γENaC mRNA expression and an 80% reduction of ENaC short-circuit current (Isc) at 6 h. Scratching the cell monolayer generated a Ca2+ wave that spread from the margin of the scratch to distant cells. Pretreatment with BAPTA-AM, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, abolished the effect of mechanical wounding and EDTA on αENaC mRNA expression, suggesting that [Ca2+]i is important for this modulation. We tested the hypothesis that a mechanosensitive channel such as TRPV4, a cationic channel known to increase [Ca2+]i, could mediate this effect. Activation of the channel with the TRPV4 specific agonist GSK-1016790A (GSK) decreased αENAC mRNA expression and almost completely abolished ENaC Isc. Pretreatment of alveolar epithelial cells with HC-067047 (HC0), a specific TRPV4 antagonist, reduced the extent of αENAC mRNA downregulation by mechanical wounding and EDTA. Altogether, our results suggest that mechanical stress induced by wounding or TRPV4-mediated loss of tight junction increases [Ca2+]i and elicits a Ca2+ wave that affects ENaC expression and function away from the site of injury. These data are important to better understand how Ca2+ signaling affects lung liquid clearance in injured lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Dagenais
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada.
- Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Julie Desjardins
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Waheed Shabbir
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antoine Roy
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Dominic Filion
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Rémy Sauvé
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Berthiaume
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Tai G, Tai M, Zhao M. Electrically stimulated cell migration and its contribution to wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2018; 6:20. [PMID: 30003115 PMCID: PMC6036678 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-018-0123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring electric fields are known to be morphogenetic cues and associated with growth and healing throughout mammalian and amphibian animals and the plant kingdom. Electricity in animals was discovered in the eighteenth century. Electric fields activate multiple cellular signaling pathways such as PI3K/PTEN, the membrane channel of KCNJ15/Kir4.2 and intracellular polyamines. These pathways are involved in the sensing of physiological electric fields, directional cell migration (galvanotaxis, also known as electrotaxis), and possibly other cellular responses. Importantly, electric fields provide a dominant and over-riding signal that directs cell migration. Electrical stimulation could be a promising therapeutic method in promoting wound healing and activating regeneration of chronic and non-healing wounds. This review provides an update of the physiological role of electric fields, its cellular and molecular mechanisms, its potential therapeutic value, and questions that still await answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Tai
- 1Centre of Advanced Biofabrication, Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences, Hefei University, Hefei City, China
| | - Michael Tai
- 2St Catherine's College, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UJ UK
| | - Min Zhao
- 3Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817 USA
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Molsberger A, McCaig CD. Percutaneous direct current stimulation - a new electroceutical solution for severe neurological pain and soft tissue injuries. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2018; 11:205-214. [PMID: 29950908 PMCID: PMC6011884 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s163368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high medical need to improve the effectiveness of the treatment of pain and traumatic soft tissue injuries. In this context, electrostimulating devices have been used with only sporadic success. There is also much evidence of endogenous electrical signals that play key roles in regulating the development and regeneration of many tissues. Transepithelial potential gradients are one source of the direct current (DC) electrical signals that stimulate and guide the migration of inflammatory cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells to achieve effective wound healing. Up to now, this electrophysiological knowledge has not been adequately translated into a clinical treatment. Here, we present a mobile, handheld electroceutical smart device based on a microcontroller, an analog front end and a battery, which generates DC electric fields (EFs), mimicking and modulating the patient’s own physiological electrical signals. The electrical stimulation is applied to percutaneous metal probes, which are located close to the inflamed or injured tissue of the patient. The treatment can be used in an ambulatory or stationary environment. It shows unexpectedly, highly effective treatment for certain severe neurological pain conditions, as well as traumatic soft tissue injuries (muscle/ligament ruptures, joint sprains). Without EF intervention, these conditions, respectively, are either virtually incurable or take several months to heal. We present three cases – severe chronic cluster headache, acute massive muscle rupture of the rectus femoris and an acute ankle sprain with a ruptured anterior talofibular ligament – to demonstrate clinical effectiveness and discuss the fundamental differences between mimicking DC simulation and conventional transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) or TENS-like implanted devices as used for peripheral nerve cord, spinal cord or dorsal root stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht Molsberger
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Clinic for Orthopedics and Pain Treatment, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Colin D McCaig
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
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Piezoelectric materials as stimulatory biomedical materials and scaffolds for bone repair. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:1-20. [PMID: 29673838 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The process of bone repair and regeneration requires multiple physiological cues including biochemical, electrical and mechanical - that act together to ensure functional recovery. Myriad materials have been explored as bioactive scaffolds to deliver these cues locally to the damage site, amongst these piezoelectric materials have demonstrated significant potential for tissue engineering and regeneration, especially for bone repair. Piezoelectric materials have been widely explored for power generation and harvesting, structural health monitoring, and use in biomedical devices. They have the ability to deform with physiological movements and consequently deliver electrical stimulation to cells or damaged tissue without the need of an external power source. Bone itself is piezoelectric and the charges/potentials it generates in response to mechanical activity are capable of enhancing bone growth. Piezoelectric materials are capable of stimulating the physiological electrical microenvironment, and can play a vital role to stimulate regeneration and repair. This review gives an overview of the association of piezoelectric effect with bone repair, and focuses on state-of-the-art piezoelectric materials (polymers, ceramics and their composites), the fabrication routes to produce piezoelectric scaffolds, and their application in bone repair. Important characteristics of these materials from the perspective of bone tissue engineering are highlighted. Promising upcoming strategies and new piezoelectric materials for this application are presented. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Electrical stimulation/electrical microenvironment are known effect the process of bone regeneration by altering the cellular response and are crucial in maintaining tissue functionality. Piezoelectric materials, owing to their capability of generating charges/potentials in response to mechanical deformations, have displayed great potential for fabricating smart stimulatory scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The growing interest of the scientific community and compelling results of the published research articles has been the motivation of this review article. This article summarizes the significant progress in the field with a focus on the fabrication aspects of piezoelectric materials. The review of both material and cellular aspects on this topic ensures that this paper appeals to both material scientists and tissue engineers.
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Tandon B, Magaz A, Balint R, Blaker JJ, Cartmell SH. Electroactive biomaterials: Vehicles for controlled delivery of therapeutic agents for drug delivery and tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:148-168. [PMID: 29262296 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation for delivery of biochemical agents such as genes, proteins and RNA molecules amongst others, holds great potential for controlled therapeutic delivery and in promoting tissue regeneration. Electroactive biomaterials have the capability of delivering these agents in a localized, controlled, responsive and efficient manner. These systems have also been combined for the delivery of both physical and biochemical cues and can be programmed to achieve enhanced effects on healing by establishing control over the microenvironment. This review focuses on current state-of-the-art research in electroactive-based materials towards the delivery of drugs and other therapeutic signalling agents for wound care treatment. Future directions and current challenges for developing effective electroactive approach based therapies for wound care are discussed.
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Maijer A, Gessner A, Trumpatori B, Varhus JD. Bioelectric Dressing Supports Complex Wound Healing in Small Animal Patients. Top Companion Anim Med 2018; 33:21-28. [DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Levin M, Martyniuk CJ. The bioelectric code: An ancient computational medium for dynamic control of growth and form. Biosystems 2018; 164:76-93. [PMID: 28855098 PMCID: PMC10464596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
What determines large-scale anatomy? DNA does not directly specify geometrical arrangements of tissues and organs, and a process of encoding and decoding for morphogenesis is required. Moreover, many species can regenerate and remodel their structure despite drastic injury. The ability to obtain the correct target morphology from a diversity of initial conditions reveals that the morphogenetic code implements a rich system of pattern-homeostatic processes. Here, we describe an important mechanism by which cellular networks implement pattern regulation and plasticity: bioelectricity. All cells, not only nerves and muscles, produce and sense electrical signals; in vivo, these processes form bioelectric circuits that harness individual cell behaviors toward specific anatomical endpoints. We review emerging progress in reading and re-writing anatomical information encoded in bioelectrical states, and discuss the approaches to this problem from the perspectives of information theory, dynamical systems, and computational neuroscience. Cracking the bioelectric code will enable much-improved control over biological patterning, advancing basic evolutionary developmental biology as well as enabling numerous applications in regenerative medicine and synthetic bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Biology Department, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600 Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Mishra S, Vazquez M. A Gal-MµS Device to Evaluate Cell Migratory Response to Combined Galvano-Chemotactic Fields. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2017; 7:bios7040054. [PMID: 29160793 PMCID: PMC5746777 DOI: 10.3390/bios7040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Electric fields have been studied extensively in biomedical engineering (BME) for numerous regenerative therapies. Recent studies have begun to examine the biological effects of electric fields in combination with other environmental cues, such as tissue-engineered extracellular matrices (ECM), chemical gradient profiles, and time-dependent temperature gradients. In the nervous system, cell migration driven by electrical fields, or galvanotaxis, has been most recently studied in transcranial direct stimulation (TCDS), spinal cord repair and tumor treating fields (TTF). The cell migratory response to galvano-combinatory fields, such as magnetic fields, chemical gradients, or heat shock, has only recently been explored. In the visual system, restoration of vision via cellular replacement therapies has been limited by low numbers of motile cells post-transplantation. Here, the combinatory application of electrical fields with other stimuli to direct cells within transplantable biomaterials and/or host tissues has been understudied. In this work, we developed the Gal-MµS device, a novel microfluidics device capable of examining cell migratory behavior in response to single and combinatory stimuli of electrical and chemical fields. The formation of steady-state, chemical concentration gradients and electrical fields within the Gal-MµS were modeled computationally and verified experimentally within devices fabricated via soft lithography. Further, we utilized real-time imaging within the device to capture cell trajectories in response to electric fields and chemical gradients, individually, as well as in combinatory fields of both. Our data demonstrated that neural cells migrated longer distances and with higher velocities in response to combined galvanic and chemical stimuli than to either field individually, implicating cooperative behavior. These results reveal a biological response to galvano-chemotactic fields that is only partially understood, as well as point towards novel migration-targeted treatments to improve cell-based regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Maribel Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
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Tyler SEB. Nature's Electric Potential: A Systematic Review of the Role of Bioelectricity in Wound Healing and Regenerative Processes in Animals, Humans, and Plants. Front Physiol 2017; 8:627. [PMID: 28928669 PMCID: PMC5591378 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural endogenous voltage gradients not only predict and correlate with growth and development but also drive wound healing and regeneration processes. This review summarizes the existing literature for the nature, sources, and transmission of information-bearing bioelectric signals involved in controlling wound healing and regeneration in animals, humans, and plants. It emerges that some bioelectric characteristics occur ubiquitously in a range of animal and plant species. However, the limits of similarities are probed to give a realistic assessment of future areas to be explored. Major gaps remain in our knowledge of the mechanistic basis for these processes, on which regenerative therapies ultimately depend. In relation to this, it is concluded that the mapping of voltage patterns and the processes generating them is a promising future research focus, to probe three aspects: the role of wound/regeneration currents in relation to morphology; the role of endogenous flux changes in driving wound healing and regeneration; and the mapping of patterns in organisms of extreme longevity, in contrast with the aberrant voltage patterns underlying impaired healing, to inform interventions aimed at restoring them.
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Gungor S, Aiyer R. A Case of Spinal Cord Stimulator Recharging Interruption in Wound Healing. Neuromodulation 2017; 20:675-677. [PMID: 28671743 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To illustrate the obstacles and problems with electrical fields (EFs) in treatment and management of skin wounds. Unlike the literature that gives evidence for EF promoting wound healing, there is relatively little research to illustrate the interference of wound healing with EFs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a case report of a patient who underwent spinal cord stimulator implantation, and presented with delayed wound healing postoperatively. Postoperative workup for infection was negative. Spinal cord stimulator was programmed to use higher frequencies than traditional settings, which required recharging the pulse generator daily. There was spontaneous improvement of the clinical presentation resulting in adequate wound healing after changing the programming to less frequent recharging requirements. RESULTS In our case, despite the presence of clinical signs similar to a surgical site infection, the wound healing was most likely interrupted and delayed secondary to the electric field generated due to the frequent recharges of the pulse generator. CONCLUSIONS It is possible that EF can also negatively impact healing of a wound, and thus should be a consideration to clinicians when a delay in proper wound healing is encountered postoperatively. Therefore, in the postoperative period, when the wound healing is most active, we recommend avoiding programs that require frequent pulse generator recharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Gungor
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Rohit Aiyer
- Department of Psychiatry - Hofstra Northwell Health - Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY, USA
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Levin M, Pezzulo G, Finkelstein JM. Endogenous Bioelectric Signaling Networks: Exploiting Voltage Gradients for Control of Growth and Form. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 19:353-387. [PMID: 28633567 PMCID: PMC10478168 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Living systems exhibit remarkable abilities to self-assemble, regenerate, and remodel complex shapes. How cellular networks construct and repair specific anatomical outcomes is an open question at the heart of the next-generation science of bioengineering. Developmental bioelectricity is an exciting emerging discipline that exploits endogenous bioelectric signaling among many cell types to regulate pattern formation. We provide a brief overview of this field, review recent data in which bioelectricity is used to control patterning in a range of model systems, and describe the molecular tools being used to probe the role of bioelectrics in the dynamic control of complex anatomy. We suggest that quantitative strategies recently developed to infer semantic content and information processing from ionic activity in the brain might provide important clues to cracking the bioelectric code. Gaining control of the mechanisms by which large-scale shape is regulated in vivo will drive transformative advances in bioengineering, regenerative medicine, and synthetic morphology, and could be used to therapeutically address birth defects, traumatic injury, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-4243;
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155;
| | - Giovanni Pezzulo
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome 00185, Italy;
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Durant F, Morokuma J, Fields C, Williams K, Adams DS, Levin M. Long-Term, Stochastic Editing of Regenerative Anatomy via Targeting Endogenous Bioelectric Gradients. Biophys J 2017; 112:2231-2243. [PMID: 28538159 PMCID: PMC5443973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that regenerating planarians' normal anterior-posterior pattern can be permanently rewritten by a brief perturbation of endogenous bioelectrical networks. Temporary modulation of regenerative bioelectric dynamics in amputated trunk fragments of planaria stochastically results in a constant ratio of regenerates with two heads to regenerates with normal morphology. Remarkably, this is shown to be due not to partial penetrance of treatment, but a profound yet hidden alteration to the animals' patterning circuitry. Subsequent amputations of the morphologically normal regenerates in water result in the same ratio of double-headed to normal morphology, revealing a cryptic phenotype that is not apparent unless the animals are cut. These animals do not differ from wild-type worms in histology, expression of key polarity genes, or neoblast distribution. Instead, the altered regenerative bodyplan is stored in seemingly normal planaria via global patterns of cellular resting potential. This gradient is functionally instructive, and represents a multistable, epigenetic anatomical switch: experimental reversals of bioelectric state reset subsequent regenerative morphology back to wild-type. Hence, bioelectric properties can stably override genome-default target morphology, and provide a tractable control point for investigating cryptic phenotypes and the stochasticity of large-scale epigenetic controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fallon Durant
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, and Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Junji Morokuma
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, and Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | | | - Katherine Williams
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, and Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Dany Spencer Adams
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, and Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, and Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.
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81
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Ovens L. Electrical stimulation therapy and electroceutical treatment for the management of venous leg ulcers. Br J Community Nurs 2017; 22 Suppl 3:S28-S36. [PMID: 28252340 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2017.22.sup3.s28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liz Ovens
- Independent Tissue Viability Nurse and Associate Lecturer, Bucks New University
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Polak A, Taradaj J, Nawrat-Szoltysik A, Stania M, Dolibog P, Blaszczak E, Zarzeczny R, Juras G, Franek A, Kucio C. Reduction of pressure ulcer size with high-voltage pulsed current and high-frequency ultrasound: a randomised trial. J Wound Care 2016; 25:742-754. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2016.25.12.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Polak
- Department of Physical Therapy, Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska 72B, 40-065 Katowice. Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Katowice School of Economics, Harcerzy Wrzesnia 3, 40-659 Katowice. Poland
| | - J. Taradaj
- Department of Physical Therapy, Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska 72B, 40-065 Katowice. Poland
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Public High School of Medicine, Katowice 68, 45-060 Opole, Poland
| | - A. Nawrat-Szoltysik
- Department of Physical Therapy, Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska 72B, 40-065 Katowice. Poland
- Caritas Skilled Nursing Facility, Wolnosci 30, 41-700 Ruda Slaska, Poland
| | - M. Stania
- Department of Physical Therapy, Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska 72B, 40-065 Katowice. Poland
| | - P. Dolibog
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 bud. C2, 40-752 Katowice. Poland
| | - E. Blaszczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 bud. C2, 40-752 Katowice. Poland
| | - R. Zarzeczny
- Institute of Physical Education, Jan Długosz Academy, Waszyngtona 4, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - G. Juras
- Department of Motor Behaviour, Academy of Physical Education, ul. Mikołowska 72B, 40-065 Katowice. Poland
| | - A. Franek
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 bud. C2, 40-752 Katowice. Poland
| | - C. Kucio
- Department of Physical Therapy, Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska 72B, 40-065 Katowice. Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Specialist Hospital, Chelmonskiego 28, 43-600 Jaworzno, Poland
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The Epithelial Sodium Channel and the Processes of Wound Healing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5675047. [PMID: 27493961 PMCID: PMC4963570 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5675047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) mediates passive sodium transport across the apical membranes of sodium absorbing epithelia, like the distal nephron, the intestine, and the lung airways. Additionally, the channel has been involved in the transduction of mechanical stimuli, such as hydrostatic pressure, membrane stretch, and shear stress from fluid flow. Thus, in vascular endothelium, it participates in the control of the vascular tone via its activity both as a sodium channel and as a shear stress transducer. Rather recently, ENaC has been shown to participate in the processes of wound healing, a role that may also involve its activities as sodium transporter and as mechanotransducer. Its presence as the sole channel mediating sodium transport in many tissues and the diversity of its functions probably underlie the complexity of its regulation. This brief review describes some aspects of ENaC regulation, comments on evidence about ENaC participation in wound healing, and suggests possible regulatory mechanisms involved in this participation.
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85
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Anderson CA, Hare MA, Perdrizet GA. Wound Healing Devices Brief Vignettes. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2016; 5:185-190. [PMID: 27076996 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2015.0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: The demand for wound care therapies is increasing. New wound care products and devices are marketed at a dizzying rate. Practitioners must make informed decisions about the use of medical devices for wound healing therapy. This paper provides updated evidence and recommendations based on a review of recent publications. Recent Advances: The published literature on the use of medical devices for wound healing continues to support the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, negative pressure wound therapy, and most recently electrical stimulation. Critical Issue: To inform wound healing practitioners of the evidence for or against the use of medical devices for wound healing. This information will aid the practitioner in deciding which technology should be accepted or rejected for clinical use. Future Directions: To produce high quality, randomized controlled trials or acquire outcome-based registry databases to further test and improve the knowledge base as it relates to the use of medical devices in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caesar A. Anderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Centers for Wound Healing and Hyperbaric Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Marc A. Hare
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Centers for Wound Healing and Hyperbaric Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - George A. Perdrizet
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Centers for Wound Healing and Hyperbaric Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
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Taghian T, Narmoneva DA, Kogan AB. Modulation of cell function by electric field: a high-resolution analysis. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:rsif.2015.0153. [PMID: 25994294 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell function by a non-thermal, physiological-level electromagnetic field has potential for vascular tissue healing therapies and advancing hybrid bioelectronic technology. We have recently demonstrated that a physiological electric field (EF) applied wirelessly can regulate intracellular signalling and cell function in a frequency-dependent manner. However, the mechanism for such regulation is not well understood. Here, we present a systematic numerical study of a cell-field interaction following cell exposure to the external EF. We use a realistic experimental environment that also recapitulates the absence of a direct electric contact between the field-sourcing electrodes and the cells or the culture medium. We identify characteristic regimes and present their classification with respect to frequency, location, and the electrical properties of the model components. The results show a striking difference in the frequency dependence of EF penetration and cell response between cells suspended in an electrolyte and cells attached to a substrate. The EF structure in the cell is strongly inhomogeneous and is sensitive to the physical properties of the cell and its environment. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms for frequency-dependent cell responses to EF that regulate cell function, which may have important implications for EF-based therapies and biotechnology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Taghian
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, 345 Clifton Court, RM 400 Geo/Physics Building, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0011, USA
| | - D A Narmoneva
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Dr., ML 0012, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - A B Kogan
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, 345 Clifton Court, RM 400 Geo/Physics Building, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0011, USA
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87
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Multiple Integrated Complementary Healing Approaches: Energetics & Light for bone. Med Hypotheses 2016; 86:18-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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88
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Gibot L, Rols MP. Gene transfer by pulsed electric field is highly promising in cutaneous wound healing. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 16:67-77. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1098615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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89
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Tumour cell membrane poration and ablation by pulsed low-intensity electric field with carbon nanotubes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6890-901. [PMID: 25822874 PMCID: PMC4424994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16046890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is a physical method to increase permeabilization of cell membrane by electrical pulses. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can potentially act like "lighting rods" or exhibit direct physical force on cell membrane under alternating electromagnetic fields thus reducing the required field strength. A cell poration/ablation system was built for exploring these effects of CNTs in which two-electrode sets were constructed and two perpendicular electric fields could be generated sequentially. By applying this system to breast cancer cells in the presence of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs), the effective pulse amplitude was reduced to 50 V/cm (main field)/15 V/cm (alignment field) at the optimized pulse frequency (5 Hz) of 500 pulses. Under these conditions instant cell membrane permeabilization was increased to 38.62%, 2.77-fold higher than that without CNTs. Moreover, we also observed irreversible electroporation occurred under these conditions, such that only 39.23% of the cells were viable 24 h post treatment, in contrast to 87.01% cell viability without presence of CNTs. These results indicate that CNT-enhanced electroporation has the potential for tumour cell ablation by significantly lower electric fields than that in conventional electroporation therapy thus avoiding potential risks associated with the use of high intensity electric pulses.
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Kim DH, Kim HJ, Gimm YM, Hong SP, Jeon EJ, Park EY. Effects of a continuous electromagnetic field on wound healing in human airway. Laryngoscope 2014; 125:1588-94. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.25109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul
| | - Hyun Jun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon
| | - Yoon-Myoung Gimm
- School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dankook University; Jukjun Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Pyo Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon
| | - Eun-ju Jeon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul
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Yu C, Hu ZQ, Peng RY. Effects and mechanisms of a microcurrent dressing on skin wound healing: a review. Mil Med Res 2014; 1:24. [PMID: 26000170 PMCID: PMC4440595 DOI: 10.1186/2054-9369-1-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The variety of wound types has resulted in a wide range of wound dressings, with new products frequently being introduced to target different aspects of the wound healing process. The ideal wound dressing should achieve rapid healing at a reasonable cost, with minimal inconvenience to the patient. Microcurrent dressing, a novel wound dressing with inherent electric activity, can generate low-level microcurrents at the device-wound contact surface in the presence of moisture and can provide an advanced wound healing solution for managing wounds. This article offers a review of the effects and mechanisms of the microcurrent dressing on the healing of skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Zong-Qian Hu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Rui-Yun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
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