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Dong Y, Rodrigues M, Kwon SH, Li X, A S, Brett EA, Elvassore N, Wang W, Gurtner GC. Acceleration of Diabetic Wound Regeneration using an In Situ-Formed Stem-Cell-Based Skin Substitute. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800432. [PMID: 30004192 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diabetic ulcers are a common complication in patients with diabetes, often leading to lower limb amputations and even mortality. Stem cells have shown promise in promoting cutaneous wound healing by modulating inflammation, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization. However, more effective delivery and engraftment strategies are needed to prolong transplanted stem cell lifespan and their pro-healing functions in a chronic wound environment to improve skin regeneration. In this study, an injectable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-gelatin-based hydrogel system is examined to create a functional stem cell niche for the delivery of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) into diabetic wounds. Human ASCs are encapsulated into the in situ crosslinked hydrogels and cultured in a 3D topography. The encapsulated cells are well attached and spread inside the hydrogels, retaining viability, proliferation, and metabolic activity up to three weeks in vitro. Allogeneic ASCs are delivered to diabetic wounds by this hydrogel vehicle. It is found that stem cell retention is significantly improved in vivo with vehicle-mediated delivery. The ASC-hydrogel-based treatment decreases inflammatory cell infiltration, enhances neovascularization, and remarkably accelerates wound closure in diabetic mice. Together, these findings suggest this conveniently-applicable ASC-hydrogel-based skin substitute provides a promising potential for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Dong
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Melanie Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Sun Hyung Kwon
- Department of Surgery; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Charles Institute of Dermatology; School of Medicine and Medical Science; University College Dublin; Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Sigen A
- Charles Institute of Dermatology; School of Medicine and Medical Science; University College Dublin; Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Anne Brett
- Department of Surgery; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Charles Institute of Dermatology; School of Medicine and Medical Science; University College Dublin; Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Geoffrey C. Gurtner
- Department of Surgery; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA 94305 USA
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Farias C, Lyman R, Hemingway C, Chau H, Mahacek A, Bouzos E, Mobed-Miremadi M. Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Microneedles for Microencapsulated Cell Extrusion. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:E59. [PMID: 30065227 PMCID: PMC6164407 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-hydrogel based therapies offer great promise for wound healing. The specific aim of this study was to assess the viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells immobilized in atomized alginate capsules (3.5% (w/v) alginate, d = 225 µm ± 24.5 µm) post-extrusion through a three-dimensional (3D) printed methacrylate-based custom hollow microneedle assembly (circular array of 13 conical frusta) fabricated using stereolithography. With a jetting reliability of 80%, the solvent-sterilized device with a root mean square roughness of 158 nm at the extrusion nozzle tip (d = 325 μm) was operated at a flowrate of 12 mL/min. There was no significant difference between the viability of the sheared and control samples for extrusion times of 2 h (p = 0.14, α = 0.05) and 24 h (p = 0.5, α = 0.05) post-atomization. Factoring the increase in extrusion yield from 21.2% to 56.4% attributed to hydrogel bioerosion quantifiable by a loss in resilience from 5470 (J/m³) to 3250 (J/m³), there was no significant difference in percentage relative payload (p = 0.2628, α = 0.05) when extrusion occurred 24 h (12.2 ± 4.9%) when compared to 2 h (9.9 ± 2.8%) post-atomization. Results from this paper highlight the feasibility of encapsulated cell extrusion, specifically protection from shear, through a hollow microneedle assembly reported for the first time in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantell Farias
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053-0583, USA.
| | - Roman Lyman
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053-0583, USA.
| | - Cecilia Hemingway
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053-0583, USA.
| | - Huong Chau
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053-0583, USA.
| | - Anne Mahacek
- SCU Maker Lab, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053-0583, USA.
| | - Evangelia Bouzos
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053-0583, USA.
| | - Maryam Mobed-Miremadi
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053-0583, USA.
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Martinello T, Gomiero C, Perazzi A, Iacopetti I, Gemignani F, DeBenedictis GM, Ferro S, Zuin M, Martines E, Brun P, Maccatrozzo L, Chiers K, Spaas JH, Patruno M. Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells improve the wound healing process of sheep skin. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:202. [PMID: 29940954 PMCID: PMC6019727 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin wound healing includes a system of biological processes, collectively restoring the integrity of the skin after injury. Healing by second intention refers to repair of large and deep wounds where the tissue edges cannot be approximated and substantial scarring is often observed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in second intention healing using a surgical wound model in sheep. MSCs are known to contribute to the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases of the skin regeneration process in rodent models, but data are lacking for large animal models. This study used three different approaches (clinical, histopathological, and molecular analysis) to assess the putative action of allogeneic MSCs at 15 and 42 days after lesion creation. RESULTS At 15 days post-lesion, the wounds treated with MSCs showed a higher degree of wound closure, a higher percentage of re-epithelialization, proliferation, neovascularization and increased contraction in comparison to a control group. At 42 days, the wounds treated with MSCs had more mature and denser cutaneous adnexa compared to the control group. The MSCs-treated group showed an absence of inflammation and expression of CD3+ and CD20+. Moreover, the mRNA expression of hair-keratine (hKER) was observed in the MSCs-treated group 15 days after wound creation and had increased significantly by 42 days post-wound creation. Collagen1 gene (Col1α1) expression was also greater in the MSCs-treated group compared to the control group at both days 15 and 42. CONCLUSION Peripheral blood-derived MSCs may improve the quality of wound healing both for superficial injuries and deep lesions. MSCs did not induce an inflammatory response and accelerated the appearance of granulation tissue, neovascularization, structural proteins, and skin adnexa.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Martinello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro – Agripolis, Padua, Italy
| | - C. Gomiero
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro – Agripolis, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Perazzi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - I. Iacopetti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - F. Gemignani
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - G. M. DeBenedictis
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S. Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro – Agripolis, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - P. Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - L. Maccatrozzo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro – Agripolis, Padua, Italy
| | - K. Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, University of Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J. H. Spaas
- Global Stem cell Technology-ANACURA group, Noorwegenstraat 4, 9940 Evergem, Belgium
| | - M. Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro – Agripolis, Padua, Italy
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Chen S, Wang M, Chen X, Chen S, Liu L, Zhu J, Wang J, Yang X, Cai X. In Vitro Expression of Cytokeratin 19 in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Is Induced by Epidermal Growth Factor. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4254-4261. [PMID: 29925829 PMCID: PMC6044214 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) is a typical epithelial marker. In this study, we determined whether epidermal growth factor (EGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) could enhance CK19 expression in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), thereby inducing the differentiation of ADSCs into epithelial-like cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS ADSCs were isolated from perinephric fat, and the expression of CD29, CD90, and CD105 was confirmed. Following isolation, ADSCs were cultured in static medium or medium containing EGF or bFGF. RESULTS Flow cytometry revealed that EGF and bFGF could alter mesenchymal stem cell markers as well as the cell cycle of ADSCs. Western blotting and immunofluorescence revealed that after 14 days, EGF treatment enhanced the expression of CK19 in ADSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer important insight for the clinical use of ADSCs in the generation of epithelial-like cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangliang Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guongzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Center of Reproduction Medicine in Fourth Hospital of Xi’an City, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xinglu Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guongzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shaolian Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guongzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- State key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Zhu
- Technology Center, Guangdong Vitalife Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Technology Center, Guangdong Vitalife Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guongzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiangsheng Cai
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guongzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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55
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Therapeutic Applications for Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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56
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Didangelos T, Koliakos G, Kouzi K, Arsos G, Kotzampassi K, Tziomalos K, Karamanos D, Hatzitolios AI. Accelerated healing of a diabetic foot ulcer using autologous stromal vascular fraction suspended in platelet-rich plasma. Regen Med 2018; 13:277-281. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the case of a Type I diabetic patient with a refractory foot ulcer that remained unhealed for 2 years despite conventional therapy. Autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction suspended in autologous platelet-rich plasma was applied to the wound, which completely healed within 1 month. The wound remained closed with no complications for a 2-year follow-up. Reporting of this and similar cases may lead to larger clinical trials that will prove the efficacy of this therapy that may offer accelerated healing and lessen the financial burden of more expensive therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Didangelos
- Diabetes Center, First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Koliakos
- Biohellenika Biotechnology SA Georgikis Scholis 65 Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kokkona Kouzi
- Biohellenika Biotechnology SA Georgikis Scholis 65 Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Histology & Embryology, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Arsos
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Kotzampassi
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tziomalos
- Diabetes Center, First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Karamanos
- First Department of Surgery, Papageorgiou Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos I Hatzitolios
- Diabetes Center, First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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57
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Heher P, Mühleder S, Mittermayr R, Redl H, Slezak P. Fibrin-based delivery strategies for acute and chronic wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:134-147. [PMID: 29247766 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrin, a natural hydrogel, is the end product of the physiological blood coagulation cascade and naturally involved in wound healing. Beyond its role in hemostasis, it acts as a local reservoir for growth factors and as a provisional matrix for invading cells that drive the regenerative process. Its unique intrinsic features do not only promote wound healing directly via modulation of cell behavior but it can also be fine-tuned to evolve into a delivery system for sustained release of therapeutic biomolecules, cells and gene vectors. To further augment tissue regeneration potential, current strategies exploit and modify the chemical and physical characteristics of fibrin to employ combined incorporation of several factors and their timed release. In this work we show advanced therapeutic approaches employing fibrin matrices in wound healing and cover the many possibilities fibrin offers to the field of regenerative medicine.
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Abstract
The normal wound healing process involves a well-organized cascade of biological pathways and any failure in this process leads to wounds becoming chronic. Non-healing wounds are a burden on healthcare systems and set to increase with aging population and growing incidences of obesity and diabetes. Stem cell-based therapies have the potential to heal chronic wounds but have so far seen little success in the clinic. Current research has been focused on using polymeric biomaterial systems that can act as a niche for these stem cells to improve their survival and paracrine activity that would eventually promote wound healing. Furthermore, different modification strategies have been developed to improve stem cell survival and differentiation, ultimately promoting regenerative wound healing. This review focuses on advanced polymeric scaffolds that have been used to deliver stem cells and have been tested for their efficiency in preclinical animal models of wounds.
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59
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Goodarzi P, Alavi-Moghadam S, Sarvari M, Tayanloo Beik A, Falahzadeh K, Aghayan H, Payab M, Larijani B, Gilany K, Rahim F, Adibi H, Arjmand B. Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells for Wound Healing. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1119:133-149. [PMID: 29858972 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skin as the outer layer covers the body. Wounds can affect this vital organ negatively and disrupt its functions. Wound healing as a biological process is initiated immediately after an injury. This process consists of three stages: inflammation, proliferation, remodeling. Generally, these three stages occur continuously and timely. However, some factors such as infection, obesity and diabetes mellitus can interfere with these stages and impede the normal healing process which results in chronic wounds. Financial burden on both patients and health care systems, negative biologic effect on the patient's general health status and reduction in quality of life are a number of issues which make chronic wounds as a considerable challenge. During recent years, along with advances in the biomedical sciences, various surgical and non-surgical therapeutic methods have been suggested. All of these suggested treatments have their own advantages and disadvantages. Recently, cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine represent promising approaches to wound healing. Accordingly, several types of mesenchymal stem cells have been used in both preclinical and clinical settings for the treatment of wounds. Adipose-derived stromal cells are a cost-effective source of mesenchymal stem cells in wound management which can be easily harvest from adipose tissues through the less invasive processes with high yield rates. In addition, their ability to secrete multiple cytokines and growth factors, and differentiation into skin cells make them an ideal cell type to use in wound treatment. This is a concise overview on the application of adipose-derived stromal cells in wound healing and their role in the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Goodarzi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sarvari
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Falahzadeh
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aghayan
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Gilany
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Health Research Institute, Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Adibi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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60
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Mesenchymal stromal cell plasticity and the tumor microenvironment. Emerg Top Life Sci 2017; 1:487-492. [PMID: 33525796 DOI: 10.1042/etls20170141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells or mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a multipotent, heterogeneous population of cells that play a critical role in wound healing and tissue regeneration. MSCs, found in the tumor microenvironment, support tumor growth through the production of angiogenic factors, growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins. They also have immunomodulatory properties, and since they produce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), they have been thought to have primarily immunosuppressive effects. However, their role in the tumor microenvironment is complex and demonstrates plasticity depending on location, stimulatory factors and environment. The presence of melanoma-activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been shown to produce pro-inflammatory changes with TH1 (type 1T helper)-like phenotype in MSCs via activated-TIL released cytokines such as interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1α (IL-1α), while simultaneously producing factors, such as IDO1, which have been traditionally associated with immunosuppression. Similarly, the combination of IFN-γ and TNF-α polarizes MSCs to a primarily TH1-like phenotype with the expression of immunosuppressive factors. Ultimately, further studies are encouraged and needed for a greater understanding of the role of MSCs in the tumor microenvironment and to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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61
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Makrantonaki E, Wlaschek M, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Pathogenesis of wound healing disorders in the elderly. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017; 15:255-275. [PMID: 28252848 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The elderly constitute the age group most susceptible to wound healing disorders and chronic wounds, the most prevalent being venous leg ulcers, pressure ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers. However, other age-associated diseases should also be taken into consideration in the diagnostic workup of chronic wounds, and not be underestimated. A better understanding of the pathomechanisms involved in the wound healing process is of key importance in combatting the difficulties associated with the treatment of chronic wounds. In recent decades, considerable progress has been made in the development of pioneering therapeutic strategies for chronic wounds. In this context, the use of growth factors and cytokines, tissue engineering, and cell therapy - including stem cells - have proven very promising. Nevertheless, prior to their introduction into routine clinical practice, large controlled clinical trials are required to assess the safety of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University Medical Center Ulm
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62
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Zhu Z, Gan X, Yu H. NF‑κB‑miR15a‑bFGF/VEGFA axis contributes to the impaired angiogenic capacity of BM‑MSCs in high fat diet‑fed mice. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7609-7616. [PMID: 28944834 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Potent paracrine properties, such as secretion of angiogenic cytokines and growth factors, have been considered essential for the function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tissue regeneration and repair. The present study determined that bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells from mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) had reduced pro‑angiogenic capacity, as evident from the reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); therefore, a reduced number of branches was induced in the angiogenesis assay. Additionally, the present study determined that miR‑15a, a putative microRNA targeting both VEGFA and bFGF, may simultaneously downregulate bFGF and VEGFA expression levels through the 3'‑untranslated region. Inhibition of miR‑15a using an antagonist restored the expression of VEGFA and bFGF under fatty acid treatment and thus the angiogenic capacity. Furthermore, the HFD and fatty acids treatments transcriptionally activated the expression of miR‑15a via nuclear factor‑κB. In conclusion, the findings of the present study revealed that inhibition of miR‑15a may restore the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in patients suffering from obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xueqi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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63
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Skin Tissue Engineering: Biological Performance of Electrospun Polymer Scaffolds and Translational Challenges. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-017-0035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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64
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Li M, Zhao Y, Hao H, Han W, Fu X. Theoretical and practical aspects of using fetal fibroblasts for skin regeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 36:32-41. [PMID: 28238941 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous wounding in late-gestational fetal or postnatal humans results in scar formation without any skin appendages. Early or mid- gestational skin healing in humans is characterized by the absence of scaring in a process resembling regeneration. Tremendous cellular and molecular mechanisms contribute to this distinction, and fibroblasts play critical roles in scar or scarless wound healing. This review discussed the different repair mechanisms involved in wound healing of fibroblasts at different developmental stages and further confirmed that fetal fibroblast transplantation resulted in reduced scar healing in vivo. We also discussed the possible problem in fetal fibroblast transplantation for wound repair. We proposed the use of small molecules to improve the regenerative potential of repairing cells in the wound given that remodeling of the wound microenvironment into a regenerative microenvironment in adults might improve skin regeneration.
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65
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Abstract
There is now good evidence that cytokines and growth factors are key factors in tissue repair and often exert anti-infective activities. However, engineering such factors for global use, even in the most remote places, is not realistic. Instead, we propose to examine how such factors work and to evaluate the reparative tools generously provided by 'nature.' We used two approaches to address these objectives. The first approach was to reappraise the internal capacity of the factors contributing the most to healing in the body, i.e., blood platelets. The second was to revisit natural agents such as whey proteins, (honey) bee venom and propolis. The platelet approach elucidates the inflammation spectrum from physiology to pathology, whereas milk and honey derivatives accelerate diabetic wound healing. Thus, this review aims at offering a fresh view of how wound healing can be addressed by natural means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Garraud
- GIMAP-EA3064, Faculty of medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France.
- National Institute for Blood Transfusion, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt
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Hyldig K, Riis S, Pennisi CP, Zachar V, Fink T. Implications of Extracellular Matrix Production by Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells for Development of Wound Healing Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061167. [PMID: 28561757 PMCID: PMC5485991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the healing of acute and chronic wounds. Consequently, the use of ECM as treatment for chronic wounds has been of special interest—both in terms of inducing ECM production by resident cells and applying ex vivo produced ECM. For these purposes, using adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) could be of use. ASCs are recognized to promote wound healing of otherwise chronic wounds, possibly through the reduction of inflammation, induction of angiogenesis, and promotion of fibroblast and keratinocyte growth. However, little is known regarding the importance of ASC-produced ECM for wound healing. In this review, we describe the importance of ECM for wound healing, and how ECM production by ASCs may be exploited in developing new therapies for the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Hyldig
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Simone Riis
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Cristian Pablo Pennisi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Vladimir Zachar
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Trine Fink
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
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Motamed S, Taghiabadi E, Molaei H, Sodeifi N, Hassanpour SE, Shafieyan S, Azargashb E, Farajzadeh-Vajari F, Aghdami N, Bajouri A. Cell-based skin substitutes accelerate regeneration of extensive burn wounds in rats. Am J Surg 2017; 214:762-769. [PMID: 28522073 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of amniotic membrane combined with adipose-derived stem cells or fetal fibroblasts on regenerating extensive burns in rats. METHODS Third degree burns of 1100-1800 mm2 were induced on 32 Sprague-Dawley rats. Burned sites were excised and randomly covered with Vaseline gauze (control), human amniotic membrane (HAM), human fetal fibroblasts seeded on HAM (HAM-FF), or human adipose-derived stem cells seeded on HAM (HAM-ASC), and followed by wound closure and histological assessments. RESULTS Wound closure rates of HAM-FF, HAM-ASC, HAM and control groups at seven and 14 days after the treatment were 42.2% and 81.9%, 41.9% and 81.7%, 33.5% and 74.2%, and 16.5% and 69.7%, respectively. Wounds of HAM-FF, HAM-ASC, HAM and control groups were closed on 40, 40, 50 and 60 days after the treatment, respectively (P < 0.05). Histological assessments revealed lower inflammatory cell infiltration in HAM-ASC and HAM-FF groups. CONCLUSIONS Cell-based engineered skin substitutes seem to accelerate wound regeneration, especially within the first 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadrollah Motamed
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 15th Khordad Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Taghiabadi
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Molaei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Sodeifi
- Department of Pathology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Shafieyan
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enzollah Azargashb
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farajzadeh-Vajari
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Babak Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Bajouri
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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68
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Pang C, Ibrahim A, Bulstrode NW, Ferretti P. An overview of the therapeutic potential of regenerative medicine in cutaneous wound healing. Int Wound J 2017; 14:450-459. [PMID: 28261962 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of disease associated with wounds is an increasingly significant public health concern. Current treatments are often expensive, time-consuming and limited in their efficacy in chronic wounds. The challenge of overcoming current barriers associated with wound care requires innovative management techniques. Regenerative medicine is an emerging field of research that focuses on the repair, replacement or regeneration of cells, tissues or organs to restore impaired function. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology of wound healing and reviews the latest evidence on the application of the principal components of regenerative medicine (growth factors, stem cell transplantation, biomaterials and tissue engineering) as therapeutic targets. Improved knowledge and understanding of the pathophysiology of wound healing has pointed to new therapeutic targets. Regenerative medicine has the potential to underpin the design of specific target therapies in acute and chronic wound healing. This personalised approach could eventually reduce the burden of disease associated with wound healing. Further evidence is required in the form of large animal studies and clinical trials to assess long-term efficacy and safety of these new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calver Pang
- Department of Surgery Surgical Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amel Ibrahim
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Neil W Bulstrode
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Patrizia Ferretti
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
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69
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Makrantonaki E, Wlaschek M, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Pathogenese von Wundheilungsstörungen bei älteren Patienten. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017; 15:255-278. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13199_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Riis S, Newman R, Ipek H, Andersen JI, Kuninger D, Boucher S, Vemuri MC, Pennisi CP, Zachar V, Fink T. Hypoxia enhances the wound-healing potential of adipose-derived stem cells in a novel human primary keratinocyte-based scratch assay. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:587-594. [PMID: 28204820 PMCID: PMC5360363 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have suggested that paracrine factors from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) promote the healing of chronic wounds, and that the exposure of ASCs to hypoxia enhances their wound healing effect. To aid the translation of these findings into clinical use, robust wound models are necessary to explore each aspect of wound healing. The aspect of re-epithelization is often studied in a scratch assay based on transformed keratinocytes. However, there are concerns regarding the validity of this model, since these cell lines differ from normal keratinocytes, both in terms of proliferative capacity and differentiation, and sensitivity to environmental cues. In this study, the main challenge of using primary keratinocytes to examine the effects of ASCs was identified to be their different requirements for calcium in the culture media. We confirmed that a high calcium content led to morphological and cytoskeletal changes in primary keratinocytes, and demonstrated that a low calcium content compromised the growth of ASCs. We found that it is possible to perform the wound healing assay with primary keratinocytes, if the conditioned media from the ASCs is dialyzed to reduce the calcium concentration. Additionally, using this model of re-epithelization, conditioned media from normoxic ASCs was shown to markedly increase the rate of wound closure by primary keratinocytes, and this effect was significantly enhanced with media from the hypoxia-exposed ASCs. These findings, which are in line with the observations from previous in vivo studies, highlight the validity of this modified assay to investigate the wound healing properties of ASCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Riis
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Hilal Ipek
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens I Andersen
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Cristian P Pennisi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Zachar
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Trine Fink
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Abstract
Long-standing diabetes leads to structural and functional alterations in both the micro- and the macrovasculature. Designing therapies to repair these abnormalities present unique and sophisticated challenges. Vascular endothelial cells are the primary cells damaged by hyperglycemia-induced adverse effects. Vascular stem cells that give rise to endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal progenitor cells represent an attractive target for cell therapy for diabetic patients. In this review, we shed light on challenges and recent advances surrounding stem cell therapies for diabetes vascular complications and discuss limitations for their clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogher Khamaisi
- Internal Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sarit Ella Balanson
- Internal Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Van Putte L, De Schrijver S, Moortgat P. The effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on dermal wound healing and scar formation: a systematic review. Scars Burn Heal 2016; 2:2059513116676828. [PMID: 29799552 PMCID: PMC5965313 DOI: 10.1177/2059513116676828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: With ageing, the skin gradually loses its youthful appearance and functions
like wound healing and scar formation. The pathophysiological theory of
Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) has gained traction during the last
decade. This review aims to document the influence of AGEs on the mechanical
and physiologic properties of the skin, how they affect dermal wound healing
and scar formation in high-AGE populations like elderly patients and
diabetics, and potential therapeutic strategies. Methods: This systematic literature study involved a structured search in Pubmed and
Web of Science with qualitative analysis of 14 articles after a three-staged
selection process with the use of in- and exclusion criteria. Results: Overall, AGEs cause shortened, thinned, and disorganized collagen fibrils,
consequently reducing elasticity and skin/scar thickness with increased
contraction and delayed wound closure. Documented therapeutic strategies
include dietary AGE restriction, sRAGE decoy receptors, aminoguanidine,
RAGE-blocking antibodies, targeted therapy, thymosin β4, anti-oxidant agents
and gold nanoparticles, ethyl pyruvate, Gal-3 manipulation and
metformin. Discussion: With lack of evidence concerning scars, no definitive conclusions can yet be
made about the role of AGEs on possible appearance or function of scar
tissue. However, all results suggest that scars tend to be more rigid and
contractile with persistent redness and reduced tendency towards hypertrophy
as AGEs accumulate. Conclusion: Abundant evidence supports the pathologic role of AGEs in ageing and dermal
wound healing and the effectiveness of possible therapeutic agents. More
research is required to conclude its role in scar formation and scar
therapy. Our skin is the body’s first line of defense. It is the barrier that protects us
from chemical and biological threats such as viruses, bacteria or corrosive
liquids. It is the sensor that allows us to detect physical threats like extreme
temperatures, pressure and pain. And when these preventative measures fail, the
skin has yet another property: the ability to heal. Skin changes visibly with age, most notably with the appearance of wrinkles.
However, there is more to ageing than meets the eye; invisible alterations cause
the decline of various functions of the skin, such as wound healing and scar
formation. An array of non-conclusive research has been done in this field. One
theory that has gained traction during the last decade is the Advanced Glycation
End products (AGEs) theory. The theory states that AGEs play an important role
in skin aging, wound healing and the effectiveness of different therapeutic
options. Their presence supposedly indicates a diminished ability for wound
healing and scar formation. AGEs are proteins to which sugar molecule is bound. The sugar molecule inhibits
the original protein from functioning properly. As skin contains many proteins
like collagen, the formation of these AGEs could be a viable explanation for the
diminished functioning with ageing. In this review, we investigated whether the
accumulation of AGEs affects wound healing and scar formation. Normal scar formation results in a thin scar. However, it may happen that
scarring results in thick, large, painful and itchy scars. We investigated
whether people with a high AGE content in their skin, like diabetics and
elderly, have difficulties forming aesthetically pleasing scars. Secondly, we
investigated which therapies reduce the AGE content and, if so, whether these
therapies can improve wound healing and scarring. This literature study involved
research in scientific databases with qualitative analysis of 14 articles after
a three-staged selection process with the use of set criteria. We found the different ways in which AGEs affect skin properties and wound
healing. Collagen, one of the most important proteins in the skin, is affected
by these AGEs. Once a sugar binds to it, the collagen strings becomes thinner
and shorter, and the different collagen proteins cross-link with each other in
an unstructured way. The result of these alterations is a reduced elasticity,
i.e. the skin becomes stiffer. The scar will be thinner and the time for wounds
to close is longer. We also found strategies to diminish the AGE content,
including dietary AGE restriction and Metformin, a drug used in diabetes. We can conclude that there is proof of AGEs playing an important role in skin
ageing, wound healing and the effectiveness of different therapeutic options.
However, more research is required to conclude the exact role of AGEs in scar
formation and scar therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennert Van Putte
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Schrijver
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Moortgat
- Oscare, Organisation for Burns, Scar After-care and Research, Antwerp, Belgium
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Makrantonaki E, Jiang D, Hossini AM, Nikolakis G, Wlaschek M, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Zouboulis CC. Diabetes mellitus and the skin. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2016; 17:269-282. [PMID: 27432328 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a debilitating, life-threatening disease accounting in 2015 for the death of 5 million people worldwide. According to new estimations, 415 million adults currently suffer from the disease, and this number is expected to rise to 642 million by 2040. High glucose blood levels also affect the skin among systemic organs, and skin disorders can often predict the onset of this metabolic disorder. In this review, we address the pathomechanistic effects of diabetes on the skin and give an overview on the most common skin diseases associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Makrantonaki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Life Science Building N27, James-Franck Ring/Meyerhofstrasse 11c, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Dessau, Germany.
| | - D Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Life Science Building N27, James-Franck Ring/Meyerhofstrasse 11c, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - A M Hossini
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Dessau, Germany
| | - G Nikolakis
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Dessau, Germany
| | - M Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Life Science Building N27, James-Franck Ring/Meyerhofstrasse 11c, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - K Scharffetter-Kochanek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Life Science Building N27, James-Franck Ring/Meyerhofstrasse 11c, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - C C Zouboulis
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Dessau, Germany
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74
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells: Common Traits in Immune Regulation. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7121580. [PMID: 27529074 PMCID: PMC4978836 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To protect host against immune-mediated damage, immune responses are tightly regulated. The regulation of immune responses is mediated by various populations of mature immune cells, such as T regulatory cells and B regulatory cells, but also by immature cells of different origins. In this review, we discuss regulatory properties and mechanisms whereby two distinct populations of immature cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells mediate immune regulation, focusing on their similarities, discrepancies, and potential clinical applications.
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75
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Kerstetter-Fogle A, Qiao J. Our panel of experts highlight the most important research articles across the spectrum of topics relevant to the field of regenerative medicine. Regen Med 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Kerstetter-Fogle
- Case Western Reserve University – Neurological Surgery, 2210 Circle Drive, SOM E765 Cleveland, OH 44106-7078, USA
| | - Jizeng Qiao
- Organogenesis Inc., 150 Dan Rd, Canton, MA 02021, USA
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Leavitt T, Hu MS, Marshall CD, Barnes LA, Lorenz HP, Longaker MT. Scarless wound healing: finding the right cells and signals. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:483-93. [PMID: 27256396 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From the moment we are born, every injury to the skin has the potential to form a scar, many of which can impair form and/or function. As such, scar management constitutes a billion-dollar industry. However, effectively promoting scarless wound healing remains an elusive goal. The complex interactions of wound healing contribute to our inability to recapitulate scarless wound repair as it occurs in nature, such as in fetal skin and the oral mucosa. However, many new advances have occurred in recent years, some of which have translated scientific findings from bench to bedside. In vivo lineage tracing has helped establish a variety of novel cellular culprits that may act as key drivers of the fibrotic response. These newly characterized cell populations present further targets for therapeutic intervention, some of which have previously demonstrated promising results in animal models. Here, we discuss several recent studies that identify exciting approaches for diminishing scar formation. Particular attention will also be paid to the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which plays an important role in both embryogenesis and tissue repair. New insights into the differential effects of Wnt signaling on heterogeneous fibroblast and keratinocyte populations within the skin further demonstrate methods by which wound healing can be re-directed to a more fetal scarless phenotype. Graphical abstract Recent approaches to reducing scar formation. Representation showing novel scientific approaches for decreasing scar formation, including the targeting of pro-fibrotic cell populations based on surface molecule expression (e.g. DPP4(+) fibroblasts, ADAM12(+) pericytes). Modulation of cellular mechanotransduction pathways are another means to reduce scar formation, both at the molecular level or, macroscopically with dressings designed to offload tension, at cutaneous wound sites (ADAM12 a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12, DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, FAK focal adhesion kinase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripp Leavitt
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Hu
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Clement D Marshall
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
| | - Leandra A Barnes
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
| | - H Peter Lorenz
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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