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Oun AA, Shankar S, Rhim JW. Multifunctional nanocellulose/metal and metal oxide nanoparticle hybrid nanomaterials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:435-460. [PMID: 31131614 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1536966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose materials are derived from cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on the earth. Nanocellulose have been extensively used in the field of food packaging materials, wastewater treatment, drug delivery, tissue engineering, hydrogels, aerogels, sensors, pharmaceuticals, and electronic sectors due to their unique chemical structure and excellent mechanical properties. On the other hand, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NP) such as Ag NP, ZnO NP, CuO NP, and Fe3O4 NP have a variety of functional properties such as UV-barrier, antimicrobial, and magnetic properties. Recently, nanocelluloses materials have been used as a green template for producing metal or metal oxide nanoparticles. As a result, multifunctional nanocellulose/metal or metal oxide hybrid nanomaterials with high antibacterial properties, ultraviolet barrier properties, and mechanical properties were prepared. This review emphasized recent information on the synthesis, properties, and potential applications of multifunctional nanocellulose-based hybrid nanomaterials with metal or metal oxides such as Ag NP, ZnO NP, CuO NP, and Fe3O4 NP. The nanocellulose-based hybrid nanomaterials have huge potential applications in the area of food packaging, biopharmaceuticals, biomedical, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Oun
- Food Engineering and Packaging Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shiv Shankar
- Center for Humanities and Sciences, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Whan Rhim
- Center for Humanities and Sciences, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bhat A, Khan I, Usmani MA, Umapathi R, Al-Kindy SM. Cellulose an ageless renewable green nanomaterial for medical applications: An overview of ionic liquids in extraction, separation and dissolution of cellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:750-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chan WS, Kwok ACM, Wong JTY. Knockdown of Dinoflagellate Cellulose Synthase CesA1 Resulted in Malformed Intracellular Cellulosic Thecal Plates and Severely Impeded Cyst-to-Swarmer Transition. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:546. [PMID: 30941114 PMCID: PMC6433935 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose synthesis (CS) is conducted by membrane-bound cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs), containing cellulose synthases (CesA), that are either arranged in hexagonal structures in higher plants or in linear arrays in most microbial organisms, including dinoflagellates. Dinoflagellates are a major phytoplankton group having linear-type CSCs and internal cellulosic thecal plates (CTPs) in large cortical vesicles. Immunological study suggested CesA1p were cortically localized to the periphery of CTPs. During cyst-to-swarmer transition (TC–S), synchronized peaks of CesA1 transcription, CesA1p expression, CS and CTP formation occurred in respective order, over 12–16 h, strategically allowing the study of CS regulation and CTP biogenesis. CesA1-knockdown resulted in 40% reduction in CesA1p level and time required for swarmer cells reappearance. CTPs were severely malformed with reduced cellulose content. As CTPs are deposited in internal organelle, the present study demonstrated dinoflagellate CesA1 ortholog was adapted for non-surface deposition; this is different to paradigm of other CesAps which require plasmamembrane for cellulose fiber deposition. This pioneer gene-knockdown study demonstrated the requirement of a gene for dinoflagellate cell wall remodeling and proper TC–S, which are prominent in dinoflagellate life-cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Sun Chan
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alvin Chun Man Kwok
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Tin Yum Wong
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Gopi S, Amalraj A, Jude S, Benson K, Balakrishnan P, Haponiuk JT, Thomas S. Isolation and characterization of stable nanofiber from turmeric spent using chemical treatment by acid hydrolysis and its potential as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1578613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreeraj Gopi
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs Pvt Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | | | - Shintu Jude
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs Pvt Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - K.T. Benson
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs Pvt Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Preetha Balakrishnan
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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Polko JK, Kieber JJ. The Regulation of Cellulose Biosynthesis in Plants. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:282-296. [PMID: 30647077 PMCID: PMC6447023 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls define the shape of plant cells, controlling the extent and orientation of cell elongation, and hence organ growth. The main load-bearing component of plant cell walls is cellulose, and how plants regulate its biosynthesis during development and in response to various environmental perturbations is a central question in plant biology. Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes (CSCs) that are assembled in the Golgi apparatus and then delivered to the plasma membrane (PM), where they actively synthesize cellulose. CSCs travel along cortical microtubule paths that define the orientation of synthesis of the cellulose microfibrils. CSCs recycle between the PM and various intracellular compartments, and this trafficking plays an important role in determining the level of cellulose synthesized. In this review, we summarize recent findings in CESA complex organization, CESA posttranslational modifications and trafficking, and other components that interact with CESAs. We also discuss cell wall integrity maintenance, with a focus on how this impacts cellulose biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Polko
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Joseph J Kieber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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Self-assembly of bio-cellulose nanofibrils through intermediate phase in a cell-free enzyme system. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Szymańska-Chargot M, Chylińska M, Pieczywek PM, Zdunek A. Tailored nanocellulose structure depending on the origin. Example of apple parenchyma and carrot root celluloses. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:186-195. [PMID: 30732753 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is the major polysaccharide of cell walls in every plant, making it one of the most abundant natural polymers on Earth. However, despite many decades of investigations, the supramolecular structure of cellulose and especially its variation in the cell walls of different plants have still not been fully revealed. In the present study, cellulose from the parenchymatic tissue of apple fruits and carrot roots was isolated, and nanocellulose was further prepared by high-intensity ultrasonication. AFM revealed that the obtained nanocellulose differed in dimension between the two plant species. Compared with carrot cellulose, whose nanocellulose was obtained in the form of whiskers, apple cellulose had longer and thinner nanofibrils. Both nanocellulose types also differed in terms of their crystalline structure. XRD data indicated that, compared with the apple cellulose, the carrot cellulose had a higher degree of crystallinity and larger crystallites. Moreover, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy revealed differences between the cellulose types in terms of their methine environment, hydroxymethyl conformations and skeletal vibrations. Additionally, with respect to their mechanical properties, the less crystalline apple cellulose and nanocellulose films were more elastic than the stiffer carrot cellulose and nanocellulose films. The possible reason for such differences between the two cellulose types is related to differences in plant tissue morphology and function. During development, apple fruit cell walls must withstand increasing turgor, probably higher that in the case of carrot tissue; therefore, the cellulose scaffolding must be elastic and strong. On the other hand, carrot, a root vegetable, also has to be strong enough to penetrate the soil as well as for its own growth; thus, the cell wall and cellulose scaffold have to be stiff and tough. Thus the structure of nanocellulose depends not only on the treatment but also on the cellulose source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Chylińska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr M Pieczywek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
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Dehors J, Mareck A, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Menu-Bouaouiche L, Lehner A, Mollet JC. Evolution of Cell Wall Polymers in Tip-Growing Land Plant Gametophytes: Composition, Distribution, Functional Aspects and Their Remodeling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:441. [PMID: 31057570 PMCID: PMC6482432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
During evolution of land plants, the first colonizing species presented leafy-dominant gametophytes, found in non-vascular plants (bryophytes). Today, bryophytes include liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. In the first seedless vascular plants (lycophytes), the sporophytic stage of life started to be predominant. In the seed producing plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms , the gametophytic stage is restricted to reproduction. In mosses and ferns, the haploid spores germinate and form a protonema, which develops into a leafy gametophyte producing rhizoids for anchorage, water and nutrient uptakes. The basal gymnosperms (cycads and Ginkgo) reproduce by zooidogamy. Their pollen grains develop a multi-branched pollen tube that penetrates the nucellus and releases flagellated sperm cells that swim to the egg cell. The pollen grain of other gymnosperms (conifers and gnetophytes) as well as angiosperms germinates and produces a pollen tube that directly delivers the sperm cells to the ovule (siphonogamy). These different gametophytes, which are short or long-lived structures, share a common tip-growing mode of cell expansion. Tip-growth requires a massive cell wall deposition to promote cell elongation, but also a tight spatial and temporal control of the cell wall remodeling in order to modulate the mechanical properties of the cell wall. The growth rate of these cells is very variable depending on the structure and the species, ranging from very slow (protonemata, rhizoids, and some gymnosperm pollen tubes), to a slow to fast-growth in other gymnosperms and angiosperms. In addition, the structural diversity of the female counterparts in angiosperms (dry, semi-dry vs wet stigmas, short vs long, solid vs hollow styles) will impact the speed and efficiency of sperm delivery. As the evolution and diversity of the cell wall polysaccharides accompanied the diversification of cell wall structural proteins and remodeling enzymes, this review focuses on our current knowledge on the biochemistry, the distribution and remodeling of the main cell wall polymers (including cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins, callose, arabinogalactan-proteins and extensins), during the tip-expansion of gametophytes from bryophytes, pteridophytes (lycophytes and monilophytes), gymnosperms and the monocot and eudicot angiosperms.
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59
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Materials chemistry and the futurist eco-friendly applications of nanocellulose: Status and prospect. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Sun Q, Qian B, Uto K, Chen J, Liu X, Minari T. Functional biomaterials towards flexible electronics and sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 119:237-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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McManus JB, Wilson L, Yang H, Kubicki JD, Tien M. Kinetic analysis of cellulose synthase of Gluconacetobacter hansenii in whole cells and in purified form. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 119:24-29. [PMID: 30243383 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium, Gluconacetobacter hansenii, has been long studied and is a model for cellulose synthesis. It produces cellulose, using the enzyme AcsA-AcsB, of exceptionally high crystallinity in comparison to the cellulose of higher plants. We determined the rate of cellulose synthesis in whole cells measured as moles of glucose incorporated into cellulose per second per mole of enzyme. This was determined by quantifying the rate of cellulose synthesis (over a short time span, such that the enzyme concentration is not changing due to cell growth) and the amount of enzyme in the whole cell by quantitative western blotting. We found that the whole cell rate of 24 s-1 is much faster than the kcat, measured from steady-state kinetic analysis, of 1.7 s-1. Our whole cell rates are consistent with previous studies using microscopy. We postulate that the rationale for this difference is the presence of an alternative in vivo priming mechanism. This in turn can increase the rate of initiation, which we previously postulated to be the rate-limiting step in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B McManus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 305 South Frear, University Park, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Liza Wilson
- Department of Biology, University Park, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Biology, University Park, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, 16802, USA
| | - James D Kubicki
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Ming Tien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 305 South Frear, University Park, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, 16802, USA.
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62
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Amalraj A, Gopi S, Thomas S, Haponiuk JT. Cellulose Nanomaterials in Biomedical, Food, and Nutraceutical Applications: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201800115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Amalraj
- R&D Centre; Aurea Biolabs (P) Ltd; Kolenchery Cochin-682 311 Kerala India
| | - Sreeraj Gopi
- R&D Centre; Aurea Biolabs (P) Ltd; Kolenchery Cochin-682 311 Kerala India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; School of Chemical Sciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; Priyadarshini Hills, P. O., Kottayam-686 560 Kerala India
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63
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Mao Y, Bleuel M, Lyu Y, Zhang X, Henderson D, Wang H, Briber RM. Phase Separation and Stack Alignment in Aqueous Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspension under Weak Magnetic Field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8042-8051. [PMID: 29957957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Isotropic-nematic (I-N) transitions in cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension and self-assembled structures in the isotropic and nematic phases were investigated using scattering and microscopy methods. A CNC suspension with a mass fraction of 7.4% spontaneously phase separated into an isotropic phase of 6.9% in the top layer and a nematic phase of 7.9% in the bottom layer. In both the phases, the CNC particles formed stacks with an interparticle distance being of ≈37 nm. One-dimensional small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) profiles due to both phases could be fitted using a stacking model considering finite particle sizes. SANS and atomic force microscopy studies indicate that the nematic phase in the bottom layer contains more populations of larger particles. A weak magnetic field of ≈0.5 T was able to induce a preferred orientation of CNC stacks in the nematic phase, with the stack normals being aligned with the field (perpendicular to the long axis of CNC particles). The Hermans orientation parameter, ⟨ P2⟩, was ≈0.5 for the nematic phase; it remained unchanged during the relaxation process of ≈10 h. The fraction of oriented CNC populations decreased during the relaxation; dramatic decrease occurred in the first 3 h. The top layer remained isotropic in the weak field. Polarized microscopy studies revealed that the nematic phase was chiral. Adjacent particles in a stack form a twisting angle of ≈0.6 °, resulting in a helix pitch distance of ≈22 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Markus Bleuel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Yadong Lyu
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Doug Henderson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Howard Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Robert M Briber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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64
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Volova TG, Prudnikova SV, Sukovatyi AG, Shishatskaya EI. Production and properties of bacterial cellulose by the strain Komagataeibacter xylinus B-12068. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7417-7428. [PMID: 29982923 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A strain of acetic acid bacteria, Komagataeibacter xylinus B-12068, was studied as a source for bacterial cellulose (BC) production. The effects of cultivation conditions (carbon sources, temperature, and pH) on BC production and properties were studied in surface and submerged cultures. Glucose was found to be the best substrate for BC production among the sugars tested; ethanol concentration of 3% (w/v) enhanced the productivity of BC. Optimization of medium and cultivation conditions ensures a high production of BC on glucose and glycerol, up to 2.4 and 3.3 g/L/day, respectively. C/N elemental analysis, emission spectrometry, SEM, DTA, and X-ray were used to investigate the structure and physical and mechanical properties of the BC produced under different conditions. MTT assay and SEM showed that native cellulose membrane did not cause cytotoxicity upon direct contact with NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells and was highly biocompatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana G Volova
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, 660041. .,Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Siberian Federal University, Akademgorodok 50/50, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, 660036.
| | - Svetlana V Prudnikova
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, 660041
| | - Aleksey G Sukovatyi
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, 660041.,Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Siberian Federal University, Akademgorodok 50/50, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, 660036
| | - Ekaterina I Shishatskaya
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, 660041.,Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Siberian Federal University, Akademgorodok 50/50, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, 660036
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65
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Perera D, Magbanua ZV, Thummasuwan S, Mukherjee D, Arick M, Chouvarine P, Nairn CJ, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Dean JFD, Peterson DG. Exploring the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genome by BAC sequencing and Cot analysis. Gene 2018; 663:165-177. [PMID: 29655895 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Loblolly pine (LP; Pinus taeda L.) is an economically and ecologically important tree in the southeastern U.S. To advance understanding of the loblolly pine (LP; Pinus taeda L.) genome, we sequenced and analyzed 100 BAC clones and performed a Cot analysis. The Cot analysis indicates that the genome is composed of 57, 24, and 10% highly-repetitive, moderately-repetitive, and single/low-copy sequences, respectively (the remaining 9% of the genome is a combination of fold back and damaged DNA). Although single/low-copy DNA only accounts for 10% of the LP genome, the amount of single/low-copy DNA in LP is still 14 times the size of the Arabidopsis genome. Since gene numbers in LP are similar to those in Arabidopsis, much of the single/low-copy DNA of LP would appear to be composed of DNA that is both gene- and repeat-poor. Macroarrays prepared from a LP bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library were hybridized with probes designed from cell wall synthesis/wood development cDNAs, and 50 of the "targeted" clones were selected for further analysis. An additional 25 clones were selected because they contained few repeats, while 25 more clones were selected at random. The 100 BAC clones were Sanger sequenced and assembled. Of the targeted BACs, 80% contained all or part of the cDNA used to target them. One targeted BAC was found to contain fungal DNA and was eliminated from further analysis. Combinations of similarity-based and ab initio gene prediction approaches were utilized to identify and characterize potential coding regions in the 99 BACs containing LP DNA. From this analysis, we identified 154 gene models (GMs) representing both putative protein-coding genes and likely pseudogenes. Ten of the GMs (all of which were specifically targeted) had enough support to be classified as intact genes. Interestingly, the 154 GMs had statistically indistinguishable (α = 0.05) distributions in the targeted and random BAC clones (15.18 and 12.61 GM/Mb, respectively), whereas the low-repeat BACs contained significantly fewer GMs (7.08 GM/Mb). However, when GM length was considered, the targeted BACs had a significantly greater percentage of their length in GMs (3.26%) when compared to random (1.63%) and low-repeat (0.62%) BACs. The results of our study provide insight into LP evolution and inform ongoing efforts to produce a reference genome sequence for LP, while characterization of genes involved in cell wall production highlights carbon metabolism pathways that can be leveraged for increasing wood production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinum Perera
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Zenaida V Magbanua
- National Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, National Science Complex, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Supaphan Thummasuwan
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
| | - Dipaloke Mukherjee
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, & Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Mark Arick
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Philippe Chouvarine
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Campbell J Nairn
- Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35801, USA.
| | - Jane Grimwood
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35801, USA.
| | - Jeffrey F D Dean
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Daniel G Peterson
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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66
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Jiang F, Li T, Li Y, Zhang Y, Gong A, Dai J, Hitz E, Luo W, Hu L. Wood-Based Nanotechnologies toward Sustainability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1703453. [PMID: 29205546 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
With over 30% global land coverage, the forest is one of nature's most generous gifts to human beings, providing shelters and materials for all living beings. Apart from being sustainable, renewable, and biodegradable, wood and its derivative materials are also extremely fascinating from a materials aspect, with numerous advantages including porous and hierarchical structure, excellent mechanical performance, and versatile chemistry. Here, strategies for designing novel wood-based materials via advanced nanotechnologies are summarized, including both the controllable bottom-up assembly from the highly crystalline nanocellulose building block and the more efficient top-down approaches directly from wood. Beyond material design, recent advances regarding the sustainable applications of these novel wood-based materials are also presented, focusing on areas that are traditionally dominated by man-made nonrenewable materials such as plastic, glass, and metals, as well as more advanced applications in the areas of energy storage, wastewater treatment and solar-steam-assisted desalination. With all recent progress pertaining to materials' design and sustainable applications presented, a vision for the future engineering of wood-based materials to promote continuous and healthy progress toward true sustainability is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yiju Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Amy Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Inventwood, LLC, Hyattsville, MD, 20782, USA
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Emily Hitz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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67
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Nojima S, Fujishima A, Kato K, Ohuchi K, Shimizu N, Yonezawa K, Tajima K, Yao M. Crystal structure of the flexible tandem repeat domain of bacterial cellulose synthesis subunit C. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13018. [PMID: 29026093 PMCID: PMC5638805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is synthesized and exported through the cell membrane via a large protein complex (terminal complex) that consists of three or four subunits. BcsC is a little-studied subunit considered to export BC to the extracellular matrix. It is predicted to have two domains: a tetratrico peptide repeat (TPR) domain and a β-barrelled outer membrane domain. Here we report the crystal structure of the N-terminal part of BcsC-TPR domain (Asp24-Arg272) derived from Enterobacter CJF-002. Unlike most TPR-containing proteins which have continuous TPR motifs, this structure has an extra α-helix between two clusters of TPR motifs. Five independent molecules in the crystal had three different conformations that varied at the hinge of the inserted α-helix. Such structural feature indicates that the inserted α-helix confers flexibility to the chain and changes the direction of the TPR super-helix, which was also suggested by structural analysis of BcsC-TPR (Asp24-Leu664) in solution by size exclusion chromatography-small-angle X-ray scattering. The flexibility at the α-helical hinge may play important role for exporting glucan chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nojima
- Graduate school of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ayumi Fujishima
- Graduate school of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Graduate school of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ohuchi
- Graduate school of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kento Yonezawa
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Min Yao
- Graduate school of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan. .,Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.
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68
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Tajima K, Kusumoto R, Kose R, Kono H, Matsushima T, Isono T, Yamamoto T, Satoh T. One-Step Production of Amphiphilic Nanofibrillated Cellulose Using a Cellulose-Producing Bacterium. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3432-3438. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tajima
- Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ryo Kusumoto
- Graduate
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ryota Kose
- Institute
of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8538, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kono
- National
Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Nishikioka 443, Tomakomai 059-1275, Japan
| | - Tokuo Matsushima
- Kusano
Sakko Inc., Nishi-machi 16, Kami-ebetsu, Ebetsu, 067-0063, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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69
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Milcovich G, Antunes FE, Farra R, Grassi G, Grassi M, Asaro F. Modulating carbohydrate-based hydrogels as viscoelastic lubricant substitute for articular cartilages. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:796-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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70
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Chen YW, Lee HV. Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:78-92. [PMID: 28860064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. The nanocellulose was produced directly via a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process by using H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution as the bleaching agent and hydrolysis medium under acidic condition. The isolated nanocellulose products were well-characterized in terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties. The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. The evidence of the successful production of nanocellulose was given by TEM observation which has revealed the fibril widths were ranging from 15.6 to 46.2nm, with high cellulose content (>90%), depending on the cellulosic origin. The physicochemical properties of processed samples have confirmed that the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products is possible. The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wei Chen
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwei Voon Lee
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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71
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Yurkevich OY, Kirov IV, Bolsheva NL, Rachinskaya OA, Grushetskaya ZE, Zoschuk SA, Samatadze TE, Bogdanova MV, Lemesh VA, Amosova AV, Muravenko OV. Integration of Physical, Genetic, and Cytogenetic Mapping Data for Cellulose Synthase ( CesA) Genes in Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1467. [PMID: 28878799 PMCID: PMC5572355 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., is a valuable multi-purpose plant, and currently, its genome is being extensively investigated. Nevertheless, mapping of genes in flax genome is still remaining a challenging task. The cellulose synthase (CesA) multigene family involving in the process of cellulose synthesis is especially important for metabolism of this fiber crop. For the first time, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)-based chromosomal localization of the CesA conserved fragment (KF011584.1), 5S, and 26S rRNA genes was performed in landrace, oilseed, and fiber varieties of L. usitatissimum. Intraspecific polymorphism in chromosomal distribution of KF011584.1 and 5S DNA loci was revealed, and the generalized chromosome ideogram was constructed. Using BLAST analysis, available data on physical/genetic mapping and also whole-genome sequencing of flax, localization of KF011584.1, 45S, and 5S rRNA sequences on genomic scaffolds, and their anchoring to the genetic map were conducted. The alignment of the results of FISH and BLAST analyses indicated that KF011584.1 fragment revealed on chromosome 3 could be anchored to linkage group (LG) 11. The common LG for 45S and 5S rDNA was not found probably due to the polymorphic localization of 5S rDNA on chromosome 1. Our findings indicate the complexity of integration of physical, genetic, and cytogenetic mapping data for multicopy gene families in plants. Nevertheless, the obtained results can be useful for future progress in constructing of integrated physical/genetic/cytological maps in L. usitatissimum which are essential for flax breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Y. Yurkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Kirov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Bolsheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Rachinskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Zoya E. Grushetskaya
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of BelarusMinsk, Belarus
| | - Svyatoslav A. Zoschuk
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana E. Samatadze
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Bogdanova
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of BelarusMinsk, Belarus
| | - Valentina A. Lemesh
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of BelarusMinsk, Belarus
| | - Alexandra V. Amosova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Muravenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
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72
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Lehman TA, Smertenko A, Sanguinet KA. Auxin, microtubules, and vesicle trafficking: conspirators behind the cell wall. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3321-3329. [PMID: 28666373 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant morphogenesis depends on the synchronized anisotropic expansion of individual cells in response to developmental and environmental cues. The magnitude of cell expansion depends on the biomechanical properties of the cell wall, which in turn depends on both its biosynthesis and extensibility. Although the control of cell expansion by the phytohormone auxin is well established, its regulation of cell wall composition, trafficking of H+-ATPases, and K+ influx that drives growth is still being elucidated. Furthermore, the maintenance of auxin fluxes via the interaction between the cytoskeleton and PIN protein recycling on the plasma membrane remains under investigation. This review proposes a model that describes how the cell wall, auxin, microtubule binding-protein CLASP and Kin7/separase complexes, and vesicle trafficking are co-ordinated on a cellular level to mediate cell wall loosening during cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiel A Lehman
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Andrei Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Karen A Sanguinet
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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73
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Complete Genome Sequence of Komagataeibacter hansenii Strain HUM-1. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/15/e00167-17. [PMID: 28408679 PMCID: PMC5391417 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00167-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the release of the complete nucleotide sequence of Komagataeibacter hansenii HUM-1, a new efficient producer of cellulose. Elucidation of the genome may provide more information to aid in understanding the genes necessary for cellulose biosynthesis.
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74
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MicroRNA expression profiles during cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) fiber early development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44454. [PMID: 28327647 PMCID: PMC5361117 DOI: 10.1038/srep44454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) during cotton fiber development remains unclear. Here, a total of 54 miRNAs belonging to 39 families were selected to characterize miRNA regulatory mechanism in eight different fiber development stages in upland cotton cv BM-1. Among 54 miRNAs, 18 miRNAs were involved in cotton fiber initiation and eight miRNAs were related to fiber elongation and secondary wall biosynthesis. Additionally, 3,576 protein-coding genes were candidate target genes of these miRNAs, which are potentially involved in cotton fiber development. We also investigated the regulatory network of miRNAs and corresponding targets in fiber initiation and elongation, and secondary wall formation. Our Gene Ontology-based term classification and KEGG-based pathway enrichment analyses showed that the miRNA targets covered 220 biological processes, 67 molecular functions, 45 cellular components, and 10 KEGG pathways. Three of ten KEGG pathways were involved in lignan synthesis, cell elongation, and fatty acid biosynthesis, all of which have important roles in fiber development. Overall, our study shows the potential regulatory roles of miRNAs in cotton fiber development and the importance of miRNAs in regulating different cell types. This is helpful to design miRNA-based biotechnology for improving fiber quality and yield.
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75
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Xi W, Song D, Sun J, Shen J, Li L. Formation of wood secondary cell wall may involve two type cellulose synthase complexes in Populus. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:419-429. [PMID: 27987127 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose biosynthesis is mediated by cellulose synthases (CesAs), which constitute into rosette-like cellulose synthase complexe (CSC) on the plasma membrane. Two types of CSCs in Arabidopsis are believed to be involved in cellulose synthesis in the primary cell wall and secondary cell walls, respectively. In this work, we found that the two type CSCs participated cellulose biosynthesis in differentiating xylem cells undergoing secondary cell wall thickening in Populus. During the cell wall thickening process, expression of one type CSC genes increased while expression of the other type CSC genes decreased. Suppression of different type CSC genes both affected the wall-thickening and disrupted the multilaminar structure of the secondary cell walls. When CesA7A was suppressed, crystalline cellulose content was reduced, which, however, showed an increase when CesA3D was suppressed. The CesA suppression also affected cellulose digestibility of the wood cell walls. The results suggest that two type CSCs are involved in coordinating the cellulose biosynthesis in formation of the multilaminar structure in Populus wood secondary cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongliang Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiayan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junhui Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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76
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Mao Y, Liu K, Zhan C, Geng L, Chu B, Hsiao BS. Characterization of Nanocellulose Using Small-Angle Neutron, X-ray, and Dynamic Light Scattering Techniques. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1340-1351. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Mao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- NIST
Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kai Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Chengbo Zhan
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Lihong Geng
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Benjamin Chu
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Hsiao
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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77
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Ioelovich MY. Models of supramolecular structure and properties of cellulose. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x16060109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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78
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Ullah H, Wahid F, Santos HA, Khan T. Advances in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of functional bacterial cellulose-based nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 150:330-52. [PMID: 27312644 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized by certain species of bacteria, is a fascinating biopolymer with unique physical and mechanical properties. BC's applications range from traditional dessert, gelling, stabilizing and thickening agent in the food industry to advanced high-tech applications, such as immobilization of enzymes, bacteria and fungi, tissue engineering, heart valve prosthesis, artificial blood vessels, bone, cartilage, cornea and skin, and dental root treatment. Various BC-composites have been designed and investigated in order to enhance its biological applicability. This review focuses on the application of BC-based composites for microbial control, wound dressing, cardiovascular, ophthalmic, skeletal, and endodontics systems. Moreover, applications in controlled drug delivery, biosensors/bioanalysis, immobilization of enzymes and cells, stem cell therapy and skin tissue repair are also highlighted. This review will provide new insights for academia and industry to further assess the BC-based composites in terms of practical applications and future commercialization for biomedical and pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fazli Wahid
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Taous Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
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79
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Tanaka R, Saito T, Hänninen T, Ono Y, Hakalahti M, Tammelin T, Isogai A. Viscoelastic Properties of Core–Shell-Structured, Hemicellulose-Rich Nanofibrillated Cellulose in Dispersion and Wet-Film States. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2104-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reina Tanaka
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tuomas Hänninen
- Department
of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Yuko Ono
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Minna Hakalahti
- High
Performance Fibre Products, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- High
Performance Fibre Products, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Akira Isogai
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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80
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Chen S, Jia H, Zhao H, Liu D, Liu Y, Liu B, Bauer S, Somerville CR. Anisotropic Cell Expansion Is Affected through the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes and Phosphorylation at Two Critical Residues on CESA3. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:242-50. [PMID: 26969722 PMCID: PMC4854686 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. Mutation of S211 to Ala caused a significant decrease in the length of etiolated hypocotyls and primary roots, while root hairs were not significantly affected. By contrast, the S211E mutation stunted the growth of root hairs, but primary roots were not significantly affected. Similarly, T212E caused a decrease in the length of root hairs but not root length. However, T212E stunted the growth of etiolated hypocotyls. Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. These results suggest that microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes is fine-tuned by phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212, which may, in turn, modulate cellulose synthesis and organization, resulting in or contributing to the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Chen
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J., H.Z., D.L., Y.L., B.L.);College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J.);Energy Biosciences Institute (S.B., C.R.S.), andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA (C.R.S.)
| | - Honglei Jia
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J., H.Z., D.L., Y.L., B.L.);College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J.);Energy Biosciences Institute (S.B., C.R.S.), andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA (C.R.S.)
| | - Heyu Zhao
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J., H.Z., D.L., Y.L., B.L.);College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J.);Energy Biosciences Institute (S.B., C.R.S.), andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA (C.R.S.)
| | - Dan Liu
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J., H.Z., D.L., Y.L., B.L.);College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J.);Energy Biosciences Institute (S.B., C.R.S.), andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA (C.R.S.)
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J., H.Z., D.L., Y.L., B.L.);College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J.);Energy Biosciences Institute (S.B., C.R.S.), andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA (C.R.S.)
| | - Boyang Liu
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J., H.Z., D.L., Y.L., B.L.);College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J.);Energy Biosciences Institute (S.B., C.R.S.), andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA (C.R.S.)
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J., H.Z., D.L., Y.L., B.L.);College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J.);Energy Biosciences Institute (S.B., C.R.S.), andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA (C.R.S.)
| | - Chris R Somerville
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J., H.Z., D.L., Y.L., B.L.);College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China (S.C., H.J.);Energy Biosciences Institute (S.B., C.R.S.), andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA (C.R.S.)
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81
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Wang D, Qin Y, Fang J, Yuan S, Peng L, Zhao J, Li X. A Missense Mutation in the Zinc Finger Domain of OsCESA7 Deleteriously Affects Cellulose Biosynthesis and Plant Growth in Rice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153993. [PMID: 27092937 PMCID: PMC4836682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is a model plant species for the study of cellulose biosynthesis. We isolated a mutant, S1-24, from ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-treated plants of the japonica rice cultivar, Nipponbare. The mutant exhibited brittle culms and other pleiotropic phenotypes such as dwarfism and partial sterility. The brittle culms resulted from reduced mechanical strength due to a defect in thickening of the sclerenchyma cell wall and reduced cellulose content in the culms of the S1-24 mutant. Map-based gene cloning and a complementation assay showed that phenotypes of the S1-24 mutant were caused by a recessive point mutation in the OsCESA7 gene, which encodes cellulose synthase A subunit 7. The missense mutation changed the highly conserved C40 to Y in the zinc finger domain. The OsCESA7 gene is expressed predominantly in the culm at the mature stage, particularly in mechanical tissues such as vascular bundles and sclerenchyma cells, consistent with the brittle phenotype in the culm. These results indicate that OsCESA7 plays an important role in cellulose biosynthesis and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofeng Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Qin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lixiang Peng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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82
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Basu S, Omadjela O, Gaddes D, Tadigadapa S, Zimmer J, Catchmark JM. Cellulose Microfibril Formation by Surface-Tethered Cellulose Synthase Enzymes. ACS NANO 2016; 10:1896-907. [PMID: 26799780 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose microfibrils are pseudocrystalline arrays of cellulose chains that are synthesized by cellulose synthases. The enzymes are organized into large membrane-embedded complexes in which each enzyme likely synthesizes and secretes a β-(1→4) glucan. The relationship between the organization of the enzymes in these complexes and cellulose crystallization has not been explored. To better understand this relationship, we used atomic force microscopy to visualize cellulose microfibril formation from nickel-film-immobilized bacterial cellulose synthase enzymes (BcsA-Bs), which in standard solution only form amorphous cellulose from monomeric BcsA-B complexes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques show that surface-tethered BcsA-Bs synthesize highly crystalline cellulose II in the presence of UDP-Glc, the allosteric activator cyclic-di-GMP, as well as magnesium. The cellulose II cross section/diameter and the crystal size and crystallinity depend on the surface density of tethered enzymes as well as the overall concentration of substrates. Our results provide the correlation between cellulose microfibril formation and the spatial organization of cellulose synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehasish Basu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Okako Omadjela
- Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - David Gaddes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Srinivas Tadigadapa
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jochen Zimmer
- Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Catchmark
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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83
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Pérez-Mendoza D, Sanjuán J. Exploiting the commons: cyclic diguanylate regulation of bacterial exopolysaccharide production. Curr Opin Microbiol 2016; 30:36-43. [PMID: 26773798 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is increasing interest for bacterial polysaccharides in a wide variety of industrial sectors. This is due to their chemical and reological properties, and also the possibility to be obtained by fermentation processes. Biosynthesis of a growing number of exopolysaccharides (EPS) has been reported to be regulated by the ubiquitous second messenger c-di-GMP in a limited number of bacterial species. Since most bacteria are yet unexplored, it is likely that an unsuspected number and variety of EPS structures activated by c-di-GMP await to be uncovered. In the search of new EPS, manipulation of bacterial c-di-GMP metabolism can be combined with high throughput approaches for screening of large collections of bacteria. In addition, c-di-GMP activation of EPS production and promotion of cell aggregation may have direct applications in environmental industries related with biofuel production or wastewater treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pérez-Mendoza
- Dpto. Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC. Prof. Albareda N° 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Sanjuán
- Dpto. Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC. Prof. Albareda N° 1, 18008 Granada, Spain..
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84
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Raut MP, Karunakaran E, Mukherjee J, Biggs CA, Wright PC. Influence of Substrates on the Surface Characteristics and Membrane Proteome of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141197. [PMID: 26492413 PMCID: PMC4619616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 is one of the most proficient cellulose degrading bacteria among all mesophilic organisms in the rumen of herbivores, the molecular mechanism behind cellulose degradation by this bacterium is not fully elucidated. Previous studies have indicated that cell surface proteins might play a role in adhesion to and subsequent degradation of cellulose in this bacterium. It has also been suggested that cellulose degradation machinery on the surface may be selectively expressed in response to the presence of cellulose. Based on the genome sequence, several models of cellulose degradation have been suggested. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of the cell envelope proteins in adhesion to cellulose and to gain a better understanding of the subsequent cellulose degradation mechanism in this bacterium. Comparative analysis of the surface (exposed outer membrane) chemistry of the cells grown in glucose, acid-swollen cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose using physico-chemical characterisation techniques such as electrophoretic mobility analysis, microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons assay and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, suggest that adhesion to cellulose is a consequence of an increase in protein display and a concomitant reduction in the cell surface polysaccharides in the presence of cellulose. In order to gain further understanding of the molecular mechanism of cellulose degradation in this bacterium, the cell envelope-associated proteins were enriched using affinity purification and identified by tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 185 cell envelope-associated proteins were confidently identified. Of these, 25 proteins are predicted to be involved in cellulose adhesion and degradation, and 43 proteins are involved in solute transport and energy generation. Our results supports the model that cellulose degradation in F. succinogenes occurs at the outer membrane with active transport of cellodextrins across for further metabolism of cellodextrins to glucose in the periplasmic space and inner cytoplasmic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra P. Raut
- The ChELSI Institute, Dept of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Karunakaran
- The ChELSI Institute, Dept of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Joy Mukherjee
- The ChELSI Institute, Dept of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A. Biggs
- The ChELSI Institute, Dept of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip C. Wright
- The ChELSI Institute, Dept of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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85
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Watanabe Y, Meents MJ, McDonnell LM, Barkwill S, Sampathkumar A, Cartwright HN, Demura T, Ehrhardt DW, Samuels AL, Mansfield SD. Visualization of cellulose synthases in Arabidopsis secondary cell walls. Science 2015; 350:198-203. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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86
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Fang J, Kawano S, Tajima K, Kondo T. In Vivo Curdlan/Cellulose Bionanocomposite Synthesis by Genetically Modified Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3154-60. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Fang
- Graduate
School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1
Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shin Kawano
- Database Center
for Life Science, Research Organization of Information and Systems, 178-4-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa,
Chiba 277-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Graduate
School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1
Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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87
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AcsA-AcsB: The core of the cellulose synthase complex from Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC23769. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 82:58-65. [PMID: 26672449 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterium, Gluconacetobacter hansenii, produces cellulose of exceptionally high crystallinity in comparison to the cellulose of higher plants. This bacterial cellulose is synthesized and extruded into the extracellular medium by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC). The catalytic component of this complex is encoded by the gene AcsAB. However, several other genes are known to encode proteins critical to cellulose synthesis and are likely components of the bacterial CSC. We have purified an active heterodimer AcsA-AcsB from G. hansenii ATCC23769 to homogeneity by two different methods. With the purified protein, we have determined how it is post-translationally processed, forming the active heterodimer AcsA-AcsB. Additionally, we have performed steady-state kinetic studies on the AcsA-AcsB complex. Finally through mutagenesis studies, we have explored the roles of the postulated CSC proteins AcsC, AcsD, and CcpAx.
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88
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Guo S, Sun H, Zhang H, Liu J, Ren Y, Gong G, Jiao C, Zheng Y, Yang W, Fei Z, Xu Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Cultivated and Wild Watermelon during Fruit Development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130267. [PMID: 26079257 PMCID: PMC4469606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] is an important vegetable crop world-wide. Watermelon fruit quality is a complex trait determined by various factors such as sugar content, flesh color and flesh texture. Fruit quality and developmental process of cultivated and wild watermelon are highly different. To systematically understand the molecular basis of these differences, we compared transcriptome profiles of fruit tissues of cultivated watermelon 97103 and wild watermelon PI296341-FR. We identified 2,452, 826 and 322 differentially expressed genes in cultivated flesh, cultivated mesocarp and wild flesh, respectively, during fruit development. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of these genes indicated that biological processes and metabolic pathways related to fruit quality such as sweetness and flavor were significantly changed only in the flesh of 97103 during fruit development, while those related to abiotic stress response were changed mainly in the flesh of PI296341-FR. Our comparative transcriptome profiling analysis identified critical genes potentially involved in controlling fruit quality traits including α-galactosidase, invertase, UDP-galactose/glucose pyrophosphorylase and sugar transporter genes involved in the determination of fruit sugar content, phytoene synthase, β-carotene hydroxylase, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase genes involved in carotenoid metabolism, and 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, cellulose synthase, pectinesterase, pectinesterase inhibitor, polygalacturonase inhibitor and α-mannosidase genes involved in the regulation of flesh texture. In addition, we found that genes in the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathway including ACC oxidase, ethylene receptor and ethylene responsive factor showed highly ripening-associated expression patterns, indicating a possible role of ethylene in fruit development and ripening of watermelon, a non-climacteric fruit. Our analysis provides novel insights into watermelon fruit quality and ripening biology. Furthermore, the comparative expression profile data we developed provides a valuable resource to accelerate functional studies in watermelon and facilitate watermelon crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaogui Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, China
| | - Honghe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, China
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, China
| | - Jingan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Jiao
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Yi Zheng
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Wencai Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- USDA Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, China
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89
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Prusov AN, Prusova SM, Zakharov AG. Interaction of cellulose and lignocellulosic polymers with water and aqueous systems. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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90
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Molecular deformation mechanisms in cellulose allomorphs and the role of hydrogen bonds. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:175-82. [PMID: 26076614 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Differences in tensile properties between cellulose crystal allomorphs cannot be rationalized by simply counting hydrogen bonds. From molecular dynamics computer simulations the cooperative nature of energy contributions to axial cellulose crystal modulus becomes apparent. Using a decomposition of inter and intramolecular forces as a function of tensile strain, the three allomorphs show dramatic differences in terms of how the contributions to elastic energy are distributed between covalent bonds, angles, dihedrals, electrostatic forces, dispersion and steric forces.
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91
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High-yield production of extracellular type-I cellulose by the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Cell Discov 2015; 1:15004. [PMID: 27462405 PMCID: PMC4851311 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose synthase, encoded by the cesA gene, is responsible for the synthesis of cellulose in nature. We show that the cell wall of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 naturally contains cellulose. Cellulose occurs as a possibly laminated layer between the inner and outer membrane, as well as being an important component of the extracellular glycocalyx in this cyanobacterium. Overexpression of six genes, cmc–ccp–cesAB–cesC–cesD–bgl, from Gluconacetobacter xylinus in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 resulted in very high-yield production of extracellular type-I cellulose. High-level cellulose production only occurred when the native cesA gene was inactivated and when cells were grown at low salinity. This system provides a method for the production of lignin-free cellulose from sunlight and CO2 for biofuel production and other biotechnological applications.
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92
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Su Y, Burger C, Ma H, Chu B, Hsiao BS. Exploring the Nature of Cellulose Microfibrils. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1201-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501897z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Christian Burger
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Hongyang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Benjamin Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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93
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Kim SJ, Zemelis S, Keegstra K, Brandizzi F. The cytoplasmic localization of the catalytic site of CSLF6 supports a channeling model for the biosynthesis of mixed-linkage glucan. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:537-47. [PMID: 25557048 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) is a significant cell wall carbohydrate in grasses and an important carbon source for human consumption and biofuel production. MLG biosynthesis depends on the biochemical activity of membrane spanning glucan synthases encoded by the CSLH and CSLF cellulose synthase-like gene families. CSLF proteins are the best characterized to date but relatively little information is known about their topology with respect to the biosynthetic membranes. In this study, we report on the topology of CSLF6 protein derived from the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon (BdCSLF6) when it is expressed in heterologous systems. Using live cell imaging and immuno-electron microscopy analyses of tobacco epidermal cells expressing BdCSLF6, we demonstrate that a functional yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion of BdCSLF6 is localized to the Golgi apparatus and that the Golgi localization of BdCSLF6 is sufficient for MLG biosynthesis. By implementing protease protection assays of BdCSLF6 expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, we also demonstrate that the catalytic domain, the N-terminus and the C- terminus of the protein are exposed in the cytosol. Furthermore, we found that BdCSLF6 is capable of producing MLG not only in tobacco cells but also in Pichia, which generally does not produce MLG. Together, these results support the conclusion that BdCSLF6 can produce both of the linkages present in the (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan chain of MLG and that the product is channelled at the Golgi into the secretory pathway for deposition into the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Jin Kim
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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94
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Payne CM, Knott BC, Mayes HB, Hansson H, Himmel ME, Sandgren M, Ståhlberg J, Beckham GT. Fungal Cellulases. Chem Rev 2015; 115:1308-448. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500351c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Payne
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Center for Computational
Sciences, University of Kentucky, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Brandon C. Knott
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Heather B. Mayes
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Henrik Hansson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Almas allé 5, SE-75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- Biosciences
Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Almas allé 5, SE-75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jerry Ståhlberg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Almas allé 5, SE-75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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95
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Chen D, Wei Z, Yao Y, Liu B. A tree-step computational approach to simplify conformational determination of cellobiose and lactose. Carbohydr Res 2015; 401:51-7. [PMID: 25464081 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Great theoretical attentions have been paid on the conformational preference of individual molecular building blocks of carbohydrates because it is helpful for assignments of the experimental signals and explorations of the biological implications. A tree-step approach is applied here to simplify the conformational determination of phenyl β-cellobioside and benzyl β-lactoside, for which 35 and 23 initial structures are built, respectively. After the high-level calculations, low-energy conformers are determined and then compared with previous experimental and theoretical results. The low-energy conformers are reconstructed in our work for both cellobiose and lactose and the results show a quantitative agreement between the experimental signature and the predicted IR vibration assignment. In addition, two low-energy conformers, which are predicted in our work, have not been reported by the previous work using the traditional method. The tree-step computational approach provides an alternative timesaving and accurate method to focus on determining the preferred conformations of disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Institute of Photo-Biophysics, Physics and Electronics Department, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, China.
| | - Zhichao Wei
- Institute of Photo-Biophysics, Physics and Electronics Department, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuheng Yao
- Institute of Photo-Biophysics, Physics and Electronics Department, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Photo-Biophysics, Physics and Electronics Department, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, China.
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96
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97
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98
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Sundari BKR, Dasgupta MG. Isolation of developing secondary xylem specific cellulose synthase genes and their expression profiles during hormone signalling in Eucalyptus tereticornis. J Genet 2014; 93:403-14. [PMID: 25189235 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-014-0391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose synthases (CesA) represent a group of β-1, 4 glycosyl transferases involved in cellulose biosynthesis. Recent reports in higher plants have revealed that two groups of CesA gene families exist, which are associated with either primary or secondary cell wall deposition. The present study aimed at identifying developing secondary xylem specific cellulose synthase genes from Eucalyptus tereticornis, a species predominantly used in paper and pulp industries in the tropics. The differential expression analysis of the three EtCesA genes using qRT-PCR revealed 49 to 87 fold relative expression in developing secondary xylem tissues. Three full length gene sequences of EtCesA1, EtCesA2 and EtCesA3 were isolated with the size of 2940, 3114 and 3123 bp, respectively. Phytohormone regulation of all three EtCesA genes were studied by exogenous application of gibberellic acid, naphthalene acetic acid, indole acetic acid and 2, 4-epibrassinolide in internode tissues derived from three-month-old rooted cuttings. All three EtCesA transcripts were upregulated by indole acetic acid and gibberellic acid. This study demonstrates that the increased cellulose deposition in the secondary wood induced by hormones can be attributed to the upregulation of xylem specific CesAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandran Karpaga Raja Sundari
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, P.B. No. 1061, Forest Campus, R.S. Puram Coimbatore 641 002, India.
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Ciric J, Petrovic DM, Loos K. Polysaccharide Biocatalysis: From Synthesizing Carbohydrate Standards to Establishing Characterization Methods. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ciric
- Department of Polymer Chemistry & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Dejan M. Petrovic
- Department of Polymer Chemistry & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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Bashline L, Lei L, Li S, Gu Y. Cell wall, cytoskeleton, and cell expansion in higher plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:586-600. [PMID: 24557922 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To accommodate two seemingly contradictory biological roles in plant physiology, providing both the rigid structural support of plant cells and the adjustable elasticity needed for cell expansion, the composition of the plant cell wall has evolved to become an intricate network of cellulosic, hemicellulosic, and pectic polysaccharides and protein. Due to its complexity, many aspects of the cell wall influence plant cell expansion, and many new and insightful observations and technologies are forthcoming. The biosynthesis of cell wall polymers and the roles of the variety of proteins involved in polysaccharide synthesis continue to be characterized. The interactions within the cell wall polymer network and the modification of these interactions provide insight into how the plant cell wall provides its dual function. The complex cell wall architecture is controlled and organized in part by the dynamic intracellular cytoskeleton and by diverse trafficking pathways of the cell wall polymers and cell wall-related machinery. Meanwhile, the cell wall is continually influenced by hormonal and integrity sensing stimuli that are perceived by the cell. These many processes cooperate to construct, maintain, and manipulate the intricate plant cell wall--an essential structure for the sustaining of the plant stature, growth, and life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Bashline
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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