51
|
Fajardo A, Piper FI. High foliar nutrient concentrations and resorption efficiency in Embothrium coccineum (Proteaceae) in southern Chile. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2015; 102:208-216. [PMID: 25667073 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Southern South American (SA) Proteaceae species growing in volcanic soils have been proposed as potential ecosystem engineers by tapping phosphorus (P) from soil through their cluster roots and shedding nutrient-rich litter to the soil, making it available for other species. We tested whether Embothrium coccineum (Proteaceae) has effectively lower P nutrient resorption efficiency and higher litter P concentrations than co-occurring, non-Proteaceae species. METHODS In southern Chile, we assessed the P and nitrogen (N) resorption efficiency of senescent leaves and fresh litter of E. coccineum and co-occurring tree species in a soil fertility and moisture gradient (600-3000 mm of annual precipitation) in Patagonia, Chile. We determined P and N concentrations, leaf mass per area (LMA), and ratios of N/P and C/N in mature and senescent leaf cohorts and fresh litter. KEY RESULTS Embothrium coccineum showed significantly higher P and N resorption efficiency than co-occurring species; in fact, E. coccineum fresh litter had the lowest P-content. While E. coccineum showed significantly lower fresh litter P concentrations than the rest of the species, it showed significantly higher N concentrations. Embothrium coccineum also had lower LMA and similar N/P and C/N ratios when compared with co-occurring tree species. CONCLUSIONS We found that E. coccineum efficiently mobilized P and, to a lesser extent, N before leaf shedding. We did not find support for the ecosystem engineering hypothesis via shedding P-rich litter. We suggest that southern South American Proteaceae may be taking up other nutrients besides P, probably N, from the young, volcanic soils of this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fajardo
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP) Conicyt-Regional R10C1003, Universidad Austral de Chile, Camino Baguales s/n, Coyhaique 5951601, Chile
| | - Frida I Piper
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP) Conicyt-Regional R10C1003, Universidad Austral de Chile, Camino Baguales s/n, Coyhaique 5951601, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Lucas MM, Stoddard FL, Annicchiarico P, Frías J, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Sussmann D, Duranti M, Seger A, Zander PM, Pueyo JJ. The future of lupin as a protein crop in Europe. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:705. [PMID: 26442020 PMCID: PMC4561814 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Europe has become heavily dependent on soya bean imports, entailing trade agreements and quality standards that do not satisfy the European citizen's expectations. White, yellow, and narrow-leafed lupins are native European legumes that can become true alternatives to soya bean, given their elevated and high-quality protein content, potential health benefits, suitability for sustainable production, and acceptability to consumers. Nevertheless, lupin cultivation in Europe remains largely insufficient to guarantee a steady supply to the food industry, which in turn must innovate to produce attractive lupin-based protein-rich foods. Here, we address different aspects of the food supply chain that should be considered for lupin exploitation as a high-value protein source. Advanced breeding techniques are needed to provide new lupin varieties for socio-economically and environmentally sustainable cultivation. Novel processes should be optimized to obtain high-quality, safe lupin protein ingredients, and marketable foods need to be developed and offered to consumers. With such an integrated strategy, lupins can be established as an alternative protein crop, capable of promoting socio-economic growth and environmental benefits in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederick L. Stoddard
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Juana Frías
- Institute of Food Science Technology and Nutrition, ICTAN-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniela Sussmann
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Freising, Germany
| | - Marcello Duranti
- Department of Food Environment and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Seger
- Terrena Lup’Ingredients, Martigne-Ferchaud, France
| | - Peter M. Zander
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, ZALF, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - José J. Pueyo
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ICA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: José J. Pueyo, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ICA-CSIC, Serrano, 115-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain,
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Teste FP, Veneklaas EJ, Dixon KW, Lambers H. Is nitrogen transfer among plants enhanced by contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:50-60. [PMID: 24811370 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) transfer among plants has been found where at least one plant can fix N2 . In nutrient-poor soils, where plants with contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies (without N2 fixation) co-occur, it is unclear if N transfer exists and what promotes it. A novel multi-species microcosm pot experiment was conducted to quantify N transfer between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizal (EM), dual AM/EM, and non-mycorrhizal cluster-rooted plants in nutrient-poor soils with mycorrhizal mesh barriers. We foliar-fed plants with a K(15) NO3 solution to quantify one-way N transfer from 'donor' to 'receiver' plants. We also quantified mycorrhizal colonization and root intermingling. Transfer of N between plants with contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies occurred at both low and high soil nutrient levels with or without root intermingling. The magnitude of N transfer was relatively high (representing 4% of donor plant N) given the lack of N2 fixation. Receiver plants forming ectomycorrhizas or cluster roots were more enriched compared with AM-only plants. We demonstrate N transfer between plants of contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies, and a preferential enrichment of cluster-rooted and EM plants compared with AM plants. Nutrient exchanges among plants are potentially important in promoting plant coexistence in nutrient-poor soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François P Teste
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Kuppusamy T, Giavalisco P, Arvidsson S, Sulpice R, Stitt M, Finnegan PM, Scheible WR, Lambers H, Jost R. Lipid biosynthesis and protein concentration respond uniquely to phosphate supply during leaf development in highly phosphorus-efficient Hakea prostrata. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1891-911. [PMID: 25315604 PMCID: PMC4256859 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.248930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) is adapted to severely phosphorus-impoverished soils and extensively replaces phospholipids during leaf development. We investigated how polar lipid profiles change during leaf development and in response to external phosphate supply. Leaf size was unaffected by a moderate increase in phosphate supply. However, leaf protein concentration increased by more than 2-fold in young and mature leaves, indicating that phosphate stimulates protein synthesis. Orthologs of known lipid-remodeling genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were identified in the H. prostrata transcriptome. Their transcript profiles in young and mature leaves were analyzed in response to phosphate supply alongside changes in polar lipid fractions. In young leaves of phosphate-limited plants, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine and associated transcript levels were higher, while phosphatidylglycerol and sulfolipid levels were lower than in mature leaves, consistent with low photosynthetic rates and delayed chloroplast development. Phosphate reduced galactolipid and increased phospholipid concentrations in mature leaves, with concomitant changes in the expression of only four H. prostrata genes, GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE1, N-METHYLTRANSFERASE2, NONSPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C4, and MONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL3. Remarkably, phosphatidylglycerol levels decreased with increasing phosphate supply and were associated with lower photosynthetic rates. Levels of polar lipids with highly unsaturated 32:x (x = number of double bonds in hydrocarbon chain) and 34:x acyl chains increased. We conclude that a regulatory network with a small number of central hubs underpins extensive phospholipid replacement during leaf development in H. prostrata. This hard-wired regulatory framework allows increased photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency and growth in a low-phosphate environment. This may have rendered H. prostrata lipid metabolism unable to adjust to higher internal phosphate concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thirumurugen Kuppusamy
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Samuel Arvidsson
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Mark Stitt
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Patrick M Finnegan
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Ricarda Jost
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Gopher mounds decrease nutrient cycling rates and increase adjacent vegetation in volcanic primary succession. Oecologia 2014; 176:1135-50. [PMID: 25260998 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fossorial mammals may affect nutrient dynamics and vegetation in recently initiated primary successional ecosystems differently than in more developed systems because of strong C and N limitation to primary productivity and microbial communities. We investigated northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides) effects on soil nutrient dynamics, soil physical properties, and plant communities on surfaces created by Mount St. Helens' 1980 eruption. For comparison to later successional systems, we summarized published studies on gopher effects on soil C and N and plant communities. In 2010, 18 years after gopher colonization, we found that gophers were active in ~2.5% of the study area and formed ~328 mounds ha(-1). Mounds exhibited decreased species density compared to undisturbed areas, while plant abundance on mound margins increased 77%. Plant burial increased total soil carbon (TC) by 13% and nitrogen (TN) by 11%, compared to undisturbed soils. Mound crusts decreased water infiltration, likely explaining the lack of detectable increases in rates of NO3-N, NH4-N or PO4-P leaching out of the rooting zone or in CO2 flux rates. We concluded that plant burial and reduced infiltration on gopher mounds may accelerate soil carbon accumulation, facilitate vegetation development at mound edges through resource concentration and competitive release, and increase small-scale heterogeneity of soils and communities across substantial sections of the primary successional landscape. Our review indicated that increases in TC, TN and plant density at mound margins contrasted with later successional systems, likely due to differences in physical effects and microbial resources between primary successional and older systems.
Collapse
|
56
|
Steidinger BS, Turner BL, Corrales A, Dalling JW. Variability in potential to exploit different soil organic phosphorus compounds among tropical montane tree species. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Steidinger
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Indiana University Bloomington Indiana47405 USA
| | - Benjamin L. Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado 0843‐03092 Balboa Ancon Republic of Panama
| | - Adriana Corrales
- Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - James W. Dalling
- Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Delgado M, Suriyagoda L, Zúñiga-Feest A, Borie F, Lambers H. Divergent functioning of Proteaceae species: the South AmericanEmbothrium coccineumdisplays a combination of adaptive traits to survive in high-phosphorus soils. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Delgado
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley (Perth) Western Australia 6009 Australia
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus BIOREN; Universidad de La Frontera; Casilla 54-D Temuco Chile
| | - Lalith Suriyagoda
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley (Perth) Western Australia 6009 Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture; University of Peradeniya; Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - Alejandra Zúñiga-Feest
- Laboratorio de Biología Vegetal; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas; Facultad de Ciencias; Centro de investigación en suelos volcánicos; CISVo; Universidad Austral de Chile; Casilla 567 Valdivia Chile
| | - Fernando Borie
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus BIOREN; Universidad de La Frontera; Casilla 54-D Temuco Chile
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley (Perth) Western Australia 6009 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Sulpice R, Ishihara H, Schlereth A, Cawthray GR, Encke B, Giavalisco P, Ivakov A, Arrivault S, Jost R, Krohn N, Kuo J, Laliberté E, Pearse SJ, Raven JA, Scheible WR, Teste F, Veneklaas EJ, Stitt M, Lambers H. Low levels of ribosomal RNA partly account for the very high photosynthetic phosphorus-use efficiency of Proteaceae species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1276-98. [PMID: 24895754 PMCID: PMC4260170 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Proteaceae species in south-western Australia occur on phosphorus- (P) impoverished soils. Their leaves contain very low P levels, but have relatively high rates of photosynthesis. We measured ribosomal RNA (rRNA) abundance, soluble protein, activities of several enzymes and glucose 6-phosphate (Glc6P) levels in expanding and mature leaves of six Proteaceae species in their natural habitat. The results were compared with those for Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with A. thaliana, immature leaves of Proteaceae species contained very low levels of rRNA, especially plastidic rRNA. Proteaceae species showed slow development of the photosynthetic apparatus (‘delayed greening’), with young leaves having very low levels of chlorophyll and Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes. In mature leaves, soluble protein and Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme activities were low, but Glc6P levels were similar to those in A. thaliana. We propose that low ribosome abundance contributes to the high P efficiency of these Proteaceae species in three ways: (1) less P is invested in ribosomes; (2) the rate of growth and, hence, demand for P is low; and (3) the especially low plastidic ribosome abundance in young leaves delays formation of the photosynthetic machinery, spreading investment of P in rRNA. Although Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme activities are low, Glc6P levels are maintained, allowing their effective use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Sulpice
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
- * Present address: National University of Ireland, Galway, Plant
Systems Biology Lab, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, Botany and Plant Science, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hirofumi Ishihara
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
- † These three authors are joint first authors
| | - Armin Schlereth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
- † These three authors are joint first authors
| | - Gregory R Cawthray
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Beatrice Encke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Alexander Ivakov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - StÉphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Ricarda Jost
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Nicole Krohn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - John Kuo
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Stuart J Pearse
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - John A Raven
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at JHI, James Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Wolf-rüdiger Scheible
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - François Teste
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Erik J Veneklaas
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Teste FP, Veneklaas EJ, Dixon KW, Lambers H. Complementary plant nutrient-acquisition strategies promote growth of neighbour species. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francois P. Teste
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; Crawley (Perth) Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Erik J. Veneklaas
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; Crawley (Perth) Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Kingsley W. Dixon
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; Crawley (Perth) Western Australia 6009 Australia
- Botanic Gardens and Park Authority; Kings Park and Botanic Garden; West Perth Western Australia 6005 Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; Crawley (Perth) Western Australia 6009 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Piper FI, Baeza G, Zúñiga-Feest A, Fajardo A. Soil nitrogen, and not phosphorus, promotes cluster-root formation in a South American Proteaceae, Embothrium coccineum. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:2328-2338. [PMID: 24249789 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Cluster roots are a characteristic root adaptation of Proteaceae species. In South African and Australian species, cluster roots promote phosphorus (P) acquisition from poor soils. In a South American Proteaceae species, where cluster roots have been scarcely studied and their function is unknown, we tested whether cluster-root formation is stimulated by low soil nutrition, in particular low P-availability. METHODS Small and large seedlings (< 6- and > 6-months old, respectively) of Embothrium coccineum and soil were collected across four different sites in Patagonia (Chile). We determined cluster-root number and relative mass, and leaf Pi concentration per mass (Pimass) and per area (Piarea) for each seedling, and tested relationships with Olsen-P (OP), sorbed-P (sP) and total nitrogen (N) using generalized linear mixed-effects models and model selection to assess the relative strength of soil and plant drivers. KEY RESULTS Best-fit models showed a negative logarithmic relationship between cluster-root number and soil nitrogen (N), and between cluster-root relative mass and both leaf Piarea and soil N, and a positive logarithmic relationship between cluster-root number and leaf Piarea. Cluster-root relative mass was higher in small than in large seedlings. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to that found in South African and Australian Proteaceae, cluster roots of E. coccineum do not appear to be driven by soil P, but rather by soil N and leaf Piarea. We suggest that cluster roots are a constitutive and functional trait that allows plants to prevail in poor N soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frida I Piper
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP) Conicyt-Regional R10C1003, Universidad Austral de Chile, Camino Baguales s/n, Coyhaique, Chile
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Wang X, Pearse SJ, Lambers H. Cluster-root formation and carboxylate release in three Lupinus species as dependent on phosphorus supply, internal phosphorus concentration and relative growth rate. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:1449-59. [PMID: 24061491 PMCID: PMC3806539 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Some Lupinus species produce cluster roots in response to low plant phosphorus (P) status. The cause of variation in cluster-root formation among cluster-root-forming Lupinus species is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate if cluster-root formation is, in part, dependent on different relative growth rates (RGRs) among Lupinus species when they show similar shoot P status. METHODS Three cluster-root-forming Lupinus species, L. albus, L. pilosus and L. atlanticus, were grown in washed river sand at 0, 7·5, 15 or 40 mg P kg(-1) dry sand. Plants were harvested at 34, 42 or 62 d after sowing, and fresh and dry weight of leaves, stems, cluster roots and non-cluster roots of different ages were measured. The percentage of cluster roots, tissue P concentrations, root exudates and plant RGR were determined. KEY RESULTS Phosphorus treatments had major effects on cluster-root allocation, with a significant but incomplete suppression in L. albus and L. pilosus when P supply exceeded 15 mg P kg(-1) sand. Complete suppression was found in L. atlanticus at the highest P supply; this species never invested more than 20 % of its root weight in cluster roots. For L. pilosus and L. atlanticus, cluster-root formation was decreased at high internal P concentration, irrespective of RGR. For L. albus, there was a trend in the same direction, but this was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Cluster-root formation in all three Lupinus species was suppressed at high leaf P concentration, irrespective of RGR. Variation in cluster-root formation among the three species cannot be explained by species-specific variation in RGR or leaf P concentration.
Collapse
|
62
|
Does cluster-root activity benefit nutrient uptake and growth of co-existing species? Oecologia 2013; 174:23-31. [PMID: 23934064 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Species that inhabit phosphorus- (P) and micronutrient-impoverished soils typically have adaptations to enhance the acquisition of these nutrients, for example cluster roots in Proteaceae. However, there are several species co-occurring in the same environment that do not produce similar specialised roots. This study aims to investigate whether one of these species (Scholtzia involucrata) can benefit from the mobilisation of P or micronutrients by the cluster roots of co-occurring Banksia attenuata, and also to examine the response of B. attenuata to the presence of S. involucrata. We conducted a greenhouse experiment, using a replacement series design, where B. attenuata and S. involucrata shared a pot at proportions of 2:0, 1:2 and 0:4. S. involucrata plants grew more in length, were heavier and had higher manganese (Mn) concentrations in their young leaves when grown next to one individual of B. attenuata and one individual of S. involucrata than when grown with three conspecifics. All S. involucrata individuals were colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and possibly Rhizoctonia. Additionally, P concentration was higher in the young leaves of B. attenuata when grown with another B. attenuata than when grown with two individuals of S. involucrata, despite the smaller size of the S. involucrata individuals. Our results demonstrate that intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competition for S. involucrata, but not for B. attenuata. We conclude that cluster roots of B. attenuata facilitate the acquisition of nutrients by neighbouring shrubs by making P and Mn more available for their neighbours.
Collapse
|
63
|
de Campos MCR, Pearse SJ, Oliveira RS, Lambers H. Downregulation of net phosphorus-uptake capacity is inversely related to leaf phosphorus-resorption proficiency in four species from a phosphorus-impoverished environment. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:445-54. [PMID: 23293017 PMCID: PMC3579450 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous research has suggested a trade-off between the capacity of plants to downregulate their phosphorus (P) uptake capacity and their efficiency of P resorption from senescent leaves in species from P-impoverished environments. METHODS To investigate this further, four Australian native species (Banksia attenuata, B. menziesii, Acacia truncata and A. xanthina) were grown in a greenhouse in nutrient solutions at a range of P concentrations [P]. Acacia plants received between 0 and 500 µm P; Banksia plants received between 0 and 10 µm P, to avoid major P-toxicity symptoms in these highly P-sensitive species. KEY RESULTS For both Acacia species, the net P-uptake rates measured at 10 µm P decreased steadily with increasing P supply during growth. In contrast, in B. attenuata, the net rate of P uptake from a solution with 10 µm P increased linearly with increasing P supply during growth. The P-uptake rate of B. menziesii showed no significant response to P supply in the growing medium. Leaf [P] of the four species supported this finding, with A. truncata and A. xanthina showing an increase up to a saturation value of 19 and 21 mg P g(-1) leaf dry mass, respectively (at 500 µm P), whereas B. attenuata and B. menziesii both exhibited a linear increase in leaf [P], reaching 10 and 13 mg P g(-1) leaf dry mass, respectively, without approaching a saturation point. The Banksia plants grown at 10 µm P showed mild symptoms of P toxicity, i.e. yellow spots on some leaves and drying and curling of the tips of the leaves. Leaf P-resorption efficiency was 69 % (B. attenuata), 73 % (B. menziesii), 34 % (A. truncata) and 36 % (A. xanthina). The P-resorption proficiency values were 0·08 mg P g(-1) leaf dry mass (B. attenuata and B. menziesii), 0·32 mg P g(-1) leaf dry mass (A. truncata) and 0·36 mg P g(-1) leaf dry mass (A. xanthina). Combining the present results with additional information on P-remobilization efficiency and the capacity to downregulate P-uptake capacity for two other Australian woody species, we found a strong negative correlation between these traits. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that species that are adapted to extremely P-impoverished soils, such as many south-western Australian Proteaceae species, have developed extremely high P-resorption efficiencies, but lost their capacity to downregulate their P-uptake mechanisms. The results support the hypothesis that the ability to resorb P from senescing leaves is inversely related to the capacity to downregulate net P uptake, possibly because constitutive synthesis of P transporters is a prerequisite for proficient P remobilization from senescing tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C. R. de Campos
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia. 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Stuart J. Pearse
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia. 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Rafael S. Oliveira
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia. 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia. 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Lambers H, Clements JC, Nelson MN. How a phosphorus-acquisition strategy based on carboxylate exudation powers the success and agronomic potential of lupines (Lupinus, Fabaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:263-88. [PMID: 23347972 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lupines (Lupinus species; Fabaceae) are an ancient crop with great potential to be developed further for high-protein feed and food, cover crops, and phytoremediation. Being legumes, they are capable of symbiotically fixing atmospheric nitrogen. However, Lupinus species appear to be nonmycorrhizal or weakly mycorrhizal at most; instead some produce cluster roots, which release vast amounts of phosphate-mobilizing carboxylates (inorganic anions). Other lupines produce cluster-like roots, which function in a similar manner, and some release large amounts of carboxylates without specialized roots. These traits associated with nutrient acquisition make lupines ideally suited for either impoverished soils or soils with large amounts of phosphorus that is poorly available for most plants, e.g., acidic or alkaline soils. Here we explore how common the nonmycorrhizal phosphorus-acquisition strategy based on exudation of carboxylates is in the genus Lupinus, concluding it is very likely more widespread than generally acknowledged. This trait may partly account for the role of lupines as pioneers or invasive species, but also makes them suitable crop plants while we reach "peak phosphorus".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Lambers H, Cawthray GR, Giavalisco P, Kuo J, Laliberté E, Pearse SJ, Scheible WR, Stitt M, Teste F, Turner BL. Proteaceae from severely phosphorus-impoverished soils extensively replace phospholipids with galactolipids and sulfolipids during leaf development to achieve a high photosynthetic phosphorus-use-efficiency. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:1098-1108. [PMID: 22937909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Proteaceae species in south-western Australia occur on severely phosphorus (P)-impoverished soils. They have very low leaf P concentrations, but relatively fast rates of photosynthesis, thus exhibiting extremely high photosynthetic phosphorus-use-efficiency (PPUE). Although the mechanisms underpinning their high PPUE remain unknown, one possibility is that these species may be able to replace phospholipids with nonphospholipids during leaf development, without compromising photosynthesis. For six Proteaceae species, we measured soil and leaf P concentrations and rates of photosynthesis of both young expanding and mature leaves. We also assessed the investment in galactolipids, sulfolipids and phospholipids in young and mature leaves, and compared these results with those on Arabidopsis thaliana, grown under both P-sufficient and P-deficient conditions. In all Proteaceae species, phospholipid levels strongly decreased during leaf development, whereas those of galactolipids and sulfolipids strongly increased. Photosynthetic rates increased from young to mature leaves. This shows that these species extensively replace phospholipids with nonphospholipids during leaf development, without compromising photosynthesis. A considerably less pronounced shift was observed in A. thaliana. Our results clearly show that a low investment in phospholipids, relative to nonphospholipids, offers a partial explanation for a high photosynthetic rate per unit leaf P in Proteaceae adapted to P-impoverished soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Gregory R Cawthray
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John Kuo
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Stuart J Pearse
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - François Teste
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Ryan MH, Tibbett M, Edmonds-Tibbett T, Suriyagoda LDB, Lambers H, Cawthray GR, Pang J. Carbon trading for phosphorus gain: the balance between rhizosphere carboxylates and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant phosphorus acquisition. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:2170-80. [PMID: 22632405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Two key plant adaptations for phosphorus (P) acquisition are carboxylate exudation into the rhizosphere and mycorrhizal symbioses. These target different soil P resources, presumably with different plant carbon costs. We examined the effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on amount of rhizosphere carboxylates and plant P uptake for 10 species of low-P adapted Kennedia grown for 23 weeks in low-P sand. Inoculation decreased carboxylates in some species (up to 50%), decreased plant dry weight (21%) and increased plant P content (23%). There was a positive logarithmic relationship between plant P content and the amount of rhizosphere citric acid for inoculated and uninoculated plants. Causality was indicated by experiments using sand where little citric acid was lost from the soil solution over 2 h and citric acid at low concentrations desorbed P into the soil solution. Senesced leaf P concentration was often low and P-resorption efficiencies reached >90%. In conclusion, we propose that mycorrhizally mediated resource partitioning occurred because inoculation reduced rhizosphere carboxylates, but increased plant P uptake. Hence, presumably, the proportion of plant P acquired from strongly sorbed sources decreased with inoculation, while the proportion from labile inorganic P increased. Implications for plant fitness under field conditions now require investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Ryan
- Schools of Plant Biology, Institute of Agriculture, Future Farm Industries Cooperative Research Centre, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Lux A, Rost TL. Plant root research: the past, the present and the future. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:201-4. [PMID: 22966495 PMCID: PMC3394661 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This special issue is dedicated to root biologists past and present who have been exploring all aspects of root structure and function with an extensive publication record going over 100 years. The content of the Special Issue on Root Biology covers a wide scale of contributions, spanning interactions of roots with microorganisms in the rhizosphere, the anatomy of root cells and tissues, the subcellular components of root cells, and aspects of metal accumulation and stresses on root function and structure. We have organized the papers into three topic categories: (1) root ecology, interactions with microbes, root architecture and the rhizosphere; (2) experimental root biology, root structure and physiology; and (3) applications of new technology to study root biology. Finally, we will speculate on root research for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lux
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina B-2, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Thomas L. Rost
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|