51
|
Gonzales GB, Smagghe G, Mackie A, Grootaert C, Bajka B, Rigby N, Raes K, Van Camp J. Use of metabolomics and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to study the bioavailability and intestinal mucus diffusion of polyphenols from cauliflower waste. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
52
|
Bitzer ZT, Glisan SL, Dorenkott MR, Goodrich KM, Ye L, O'Keefe SF, Lambert JD, Neilson AP. Cocoa procyanidins with different degrees of polymerization possess distinct activities in models of colonic inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:827-31. [PMID: 25869594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Procyanidins are available in the diet from sources such as cocoa and grapes. Procyanidins are unique in that they are comprised of repeating monomeric units and can exist in various degrees of polymerization. The degree of polymerization plays a role in determining the biological activities of procyanidins. However, generalizations cannot be made regarding the correlation between procyanidin structure and bioactivity because the size-activity relationship appears to be system dependent. Our aim was to screen fractions of procyanidins with differing degrees of polymerization in vitro for anti-inflammatory activities in models of colonic inflammation. Monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric cocoa procyanidin fractions were screened using cell models of disrupted membrane integrity and inflammation in human colon cells. High-molecular-weight polymeric procyanidins were the most effective at preserving membrane integrity and reducing secretion of interleukin-8 in response to inflammatory stimuli. Conversely, oligomeric procyanidins appeared to be the least effective. These results suggest that polymeric cocoa procyanidins may be the most effective for preventing loss of gut barrier function and epithelial inflammation, which are critical steps in the pathogenesis of metabolic endotoxemia, inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Therefore, further investigations of the potential health-protective benefits of cocoa procyanidins with distinct degrees of polymerization, particularly high-molecular-weight procyanidins, are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Bitzer
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, 332 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Shannon L Glisan
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, 332 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Melanie R Dorenkott
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Katheryn M Goodrich
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Liyun Ye
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Sean F O'Keefe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Joshua D Lambert
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, 332 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802 USA; Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Hung CH, Huang CC, Hsu LS, Kao SH, Wang CJ. Apple polyphenol inhibits colon carcinoma metastasis via disrupting Snail binding to focal adhesion kinase. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
54
|
Jaganathan SK, Vellayappan MV, Narasimhan G, Supriyanto E, Octorina Dewi DE, Narayanan ALT, Balaji A, Subramanian AP, Yusof M. Chemopreventive effect of apple and berry fruits against colon cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17029-17036. [PMID: 25493015 PMCID: PMC4258571 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.17029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer arises due to the conversion of precancerous polyps (benign) found in the inner lining of the colon. Prevention is better than cure, and this is very true with respect to colon cancer. Various epidemiologic studies have linked colorectal cancer with food intake. Apple and berry juices are widely consumed among various ethnicities because of their nutritious values. In this review article, chemopreventive effects of these fruit juices against colon cancer are discussed. Studies dealing with bioavailability, in vitro and in vivo effects of apple and berry juices are emphasized in this article. A thorough literature survey indicated that various phenolic phytochemicals present in these fruit juices have the innate potential to inhibit colon cancer cell lines. This review proposes the need for more preclinical evidence for the effects of fruit juices against different colon cancer cells, and also strives to facilitate clinical studies using these juices in humans in large trials. The conclusion of the review is that these apple and berry juices will be possible candidates in the campaign against colon cancer.
Collapse
|
55
|
Lee WC, Jao HY, Hsu JD, Lee YR, Wu MJ, Kao YL, Lee HJ. Apple polyphenols reduce inflammation response of the kidneys in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
56
|
Truong VL, Bak MJ, Jun M, Kong ANT, Ho CT, Jeong WS. Antioxidant defense and hepatoprotection by procyanidins from almond (Prunus amygdalus) skins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8668-8678. [PMID: 25119859 DOI: 10.1021/jf5027247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Procyanidins, polymeric flavan-3-ols, are known to possess antioxidant, antiatherogenic, and anticarcinogenic properties. In the present study, we investigated the role of almond (Prunus amygdalus) skin procyanidins (ASP) in regulating the protein expression of phase II detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes in HepG2 cells and acetaminophen (APAP)-treated hepatotoxic mice. Treatments of ASP significantly induced the expression of phase II enzymes including NAD(P)H quinoneoxidoreductase 1, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the cells and mice. ASP also potently enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant response element (ARE)-reporter gene activity in vitro. APAP-induced hepatotoxic markers including AST and ALT in mice were inhibited by ASP administration. However, regulation of upstream kinases by ASP was different between in vitro and in vivo models. Collectively, ASP could induce the activation of Nrf2/ARE-mediated phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes but with differential regulation on upstream kinases between in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van-Long Truong
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University , Gimhae 621-749, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Yan T, Hu GS, Wang AH, Hong Y, Jia JM. Characterisation of proanthocyanidins from Schisandra chinensis seed coats by UPLC-QTOF/MS. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1834-42. [PMID: 25154470 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.950574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this article, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was developed to detect the chemical structures of proanthocyanidins (PAs) from seed coats of Schisandra chinensis. The cleavage pathways of the compounds were revealed. The structures of S. chinensis PAs, including two monomers, two B-type procyanidin dimers, three B-type procyanidin trimers, one mixed trimer and one B-type procyanidin tetramer, were confirmed. These nine compounds were detected in seed coats for the first time. The structures were identified by comparing their maximum absorption wavelengths, HPLC retention times and ESI-MS with those of authentic standards, or tentatively identified by MS/MS determination along with MetaboLynx(TM) software.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yan
- a School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Ribeiro FAP, de Moura CFG, Gollucke APB, Ferreira MS, Catharino RR, Aguiar O, Spadari RC, Barbisan LF, Ribeiro DA. Chemopreventive activity of apple extract following medium-term oral carcinogenesis assay induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:815-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
59
|
Puiggròs F, Salvadó MJ, Bladé C, Arola L. Differential modulation of apoptotic processes by proanthocyanidins as a dietary strategy for delaying chronic pathologies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:277-91. [PMID: 24188302 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.565456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a biological process necessary for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Several diseases can result if it is deregulated. For example, inhibition of apoptotic signaling pathways is linked to the survival of pathological cells, which contributes to cancer, whereas excessive apoptosis is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, partially via oxidative stress. The activation or restoration of apoptosis via extrinsic or intrinsic pathways combined with cell signaling pathways triggered by reactive oxygen specises (ROS) formation is considered a key strategy by which bioactive foods can exert their health effects. Proanthocyanidins, a class of flavonoids naturally found in fruits, vegetables, and beverages, have attracted a great deal of attention not only because they are strong antioxidants but also because they appear to exert a different modulation of apoptosis, stimulating apoptosis in damaged cells, thus preventing cancer or reducing apoptosis in healthy cells, and as a result, preserving the integrity of normal cells and protecting against neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, proanthocyanidins could provide a defense against apoptosis induced by oxidative stress or directly inhibit apoptosis, and they could also provide a promising treatment for a variety of diseases. Emerging data suggest that proanthocyanidins, especially those that humans can be persuaded to consume, may be used to prevent and manage cancer and mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Puiggròs
- a Nutrigenomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Tarragona , Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Jaganathan SK, Vellayappan MV, Narasimhan G, Supriyanto E. Role of pomegranate and citrus fruit juices in colon cancer prevention. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4618-4625. [PMID: 24782614 PMCID: PMC4000498 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Recent studies prove that though chemotherapeutic agents are being used for the treatment of colon cancer, they become non-effective when the cancer progresses to an invasive stage. Since consumption of certain dietary agents has been linked with various cancers, fruit juices have been investigated for their consistently protective effect against colon cancer. The unique biochemical composition of fruit juices is responsible for their anticancer properties. In this review, the chemo-preventive effect of fruit juices such as pomegranate and citrus juices against colon cancer are discussed. For this purpose, the bioavailability, in vitro and in vivo effects of these fruit juices on colorectal cancer are highlighted. Moreover, there is a scarcity of studies involving human trials to estimate the preventive nature of these juices against colon cancer. This review will support the need for more preclinical tests with these crude juices and their constituents in different colorectal cancer cell lines and also some epidemiological studies in order to have a better understanding and promote pomegranate and citrus juices as crusaders against colon cancer.
Collapse
|
61
|
Szaefer H, Krajka-Kuźniak V, Ignatowicz E, Adamska T, Markowski J, Baer-Dubowska W. The effect of cloudy apple juice on hepatic and mammary gland phase I and II enzymes induced by DMBA in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 37:472-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.893442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
62
|
Cytotoxic effects of procyanidins from Castanea mollissima Bl. shell on human hepatoma G2 cells in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 64:166-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
63
|
Connor CA, Adriaens M, Pierini R, Johnson IT, Belshaw NJ. Procyanidin induces apoptosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma cells via JNK activation of c-Jun. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:335-41. [PMID: 24471892 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.868914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidins are polymeric flavanols found in fruits and vegetables and have shown anticarcinogenic/chemopreventive properties. We previously showed that oligomeric procyanidin extracted from apples induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in esophageal adenocarcinoma (OA) cells. To understand the mechanism of action, we determined transcriptomic changes induced by procyanidin in OA cells. Pathway analysis implicated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in eliciting these responses. Procyanidin induced the activation of JNK and p38 and the phosphorylation and expression of c-Jun. Inhibition of JNK but not p38 kinase activity prevented the procyanidin-induced phosphorylation and expression of c-Jun. Knockdown of the expression of JNK1, JNK2, or JUN diminished procyanidin-induced effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. c-Jun is a component of the transcription factor AP-1 and AP-1 binding sites are overrepresented in the promoters of procyanidin-induced genes. This indicates that JNK activation of c-Jun by procyanidin leads to the induction of apoptosis of OA cells and suggests a role for a c-Jun-mediated transcriptional program. These data provide a mechanistic understanding of how procyanidin specifically targets a distinct pathway involved in the induction of apoptosis in OA cells and will inform future studies investigating its use as a chemopreventive/therapeutic agent.
Collapse
|
64
|
Vasantha Rupasinghe H, Nair SV, Robinson RA. Chemopreventive Properties of Fruit Phenolic Compounds and Their Possible Mode of Actions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63281-4.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
|
65
|
Moravčíková D, Kuceková Z, Mlček J, Rop O, Humpolíček P. Compositions of polyphenols in wild chive, meadow salsify, garden sorrel and ag yoncha and their anti-proliferative effect. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
66
|
Verdu CF, Gatto J, Freuze I, Richomme P, Laurens F, Guilet D. Comparison of two methods, UHPLC-UV and UHPLC-MS/MS, for the quantification of polyphenols in cider apple juices. Molecules 2013; 18:10213-27. [PMID: 23973994 PMCID: PMC6270524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop faster and more efficient phenotyping methods for in-depth genetic studies on cider apple progeny. The UHPLC chromatographic system was chosen to separate polyphenolic compounds, and quantifications were then simultaneously performed with a UV-PDA detector and an ESI-triple quadrupole mass analyzer (SRM mode). Both quantification methods were validated for 15 major compounds using two apple juice samples, on the basis of linearity, limits of detection and quantification, recovery and precision tests. The comparison between UV and SRM quantifications in 120 different samples of a cider apple progeny showed an excellent correlation for major compounds quantified with both methods. However, an overestimation was revealed for five compounds with the UV detector and the mass analyzer. Co-elution and matrix effects are discussed to explain this phenomenon. SRM methods should therefore be considered with restrictions in some cases for quantification measurements when several phenolic compounds are simultaneously quantified in complex matrices such as apple juices. For both methods, analyses were carried out over short periods of time while maintaining a high quality for the simultaneous quantification of phenolic compounds in apple juice. Each method is relevant for more in-depth genetic studies of the polyphenol content of apple juice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy F. Verdu
- Laboratoire SONAS, Université d’Angers, SFR QUASAV, Angers 49045, France; E-Mails: (C.F.V.); (J.G.); (P.R.)
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR1345, INRA, Université d’Angers, AgroCampus-Ouest, SFR QUASAV, Angers 49045, France; E-Mail:
| | - Julia Gatto
- Laboratoire SONAS, Université d’Angers, SFR QUASAV, Angers 49045, France; E-Mails: (C.F.V.); (J.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Ingrid Freuze
- Plateforme d’Ingénierie et Analyses Moléculaires, Université d’Angers, Angers 49045, France; E-Mail:
| | - Pascal Richomme
- Laboratoire SONAS, Université d’Angers, SFR QUASAV, Angers 49045, France; E-Mails: (C.F.V.); (J.G.); (P.R.)
- Plateforme d’Ingénierie et Analyses Moléculaires, Université d’Angers, Angers 49045, France; E-Mail:
| | - François Laurens
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR1345, INRA, Université d’Angers, AgroCampus-Ouest, SFR QUASAV, Angers 49045, France; E-Mail:
| | - David Guilet
- Laboratoire SONAS, Université d’Angers, SFR QUASAV, Angers 49045, France; E-Mails: (C.F.V.); (J.G.); (P.R.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-241-226-676; Fax: +33-241-226-634
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Krajka-Kuźniak V, Paluszczak J, Oszmiański J, Baer-Dubowska W. Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha
L.) Bark Extract Regulates Antioxidant Response Element (ARE)-Mediated Enzyme Expression Via
Nrf2 Pathway Activation in Normal Hepatocyte Cell Line. Phytother Res 2013; 28:593-602. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; Poznań University of Medical Sciences; Poznań Poland
| | - Jarosław Paluszczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; Poznań University of Medical Sciences; Poznań Poland
| | - Jan Oszmiański
- Environmental and Life Science University; Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Technology; Wrocław Poland
| | - Wanda Baer-Dubowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; Poznań University of Medical Sciences; Poznań Poland
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Fujiwara K, Nakashima S, Sami M, Kanda T. Ninety-day dietary toxicity study of apple polyphenol extracts in Crl: CD (SD) rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 56:214-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
69
|
Zheng CQ, Qiao B, Wang M, Tao Q. Mechanisms of apple polyphenols-induced proliferation inhibiting and apoptosis in a metastatic oral adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2013; 29:239-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
70
|
Teller N, Roth M, Esselen M, Fridrich D, Boettler U, Blust V, Will F, Dietrich H, Raul F, Hümmer W, Richling E, Schreier P, Marko D. Apple procyanidins affect several members of the ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase family in vitro. Food Funct 2013; 4:689-97. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo30166d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
71
|
Li S, Sui Y, Xiao J, Wu Q, Hu B, Xie B, Sun Z. Absorption and urinary excretion of A-type procyanidin oligomers from Litchi chinensis pericarp in rats by selected ion monitoring liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2012; 138:1536-42. [PMID: 23411278 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intervention studies with A-type oligomeric procyanidins from litchi (Litchi chinensis) pericarp (LPOPC) suggested its protective effect against cardiovascular diseases. However, there is no consensus on the absorption and metabolism of LPOPC. It was demonstrated that the main components in LPOPC were (-)-epicatechin, A-type procyanidin dimers, trimers and tetramers. Rats were orally administered different levels of LPOPC (150 and 300 mg/kgbw), the procyanidins and their microbial metabolites in urine were identified by HPLC-MS/MS analysis 18 h post-administration. Data indicated that seven aromatic acid metabolites excreted were significantly increased by 300 mg/kgbw of LPOPC (P<0.01). However, only (-)-epicatechin and its methylated derivatives were detected in rat plasma 1h after 300 mg/kgbw of LPOPC administration. The total EC content absorbed in plasma was only 2.54 ± 0.53 μmol/L, indicating that the biological properties of LPOPC should be probably explained by its microbial degraded phenolic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Li
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Femia AP, Luceri C, Bianchini F, Salvadori M, Salvianti F, Pinzani P, Dolara P, Calorini L, Caderni G. Marie Ménard apples with high polyphenol content and a low-fat diet reduce 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats: effects on inflammation and apoptosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1353-7. [PMID: 22715065 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation may increase cancer risk, therefore, we studied whether polyphenol-rich Marie Ménard (MM) apples with reported anti-inflammatory activity prevent 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats and, likewise whether high-fat (HF) diet promoting carcinogenesis, may affect inflammation. DMH-induced rats were fed for 15 weeks with: an HF diet (23% corn oil w/w); an HF diet containing 7.6% w/w lyophilized MM (apple diet (AD)); a low-fat (LF) diet and an HF diet containing piroxicam (PXC) (0.01% w/w) as control. Mucin depleted foci (MDF), precancerous lesions in the colon, were dramatically reduced in the AD, LF, and PXC groups compared with the HF. Peritoneal macrophage activation, an index of systemic inflammation, was significantly decreased in the AD, LF, and PXC groups. TNF-α, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 m-RNA expression in the colon, as well as CD68 cells and plasmatic PGE2 were lower in the AD, but not in the LF group. Apoptosis in the MDF of both the AD and LF-fed rats was significantly higher than in HF rats. In conclusion, AD has a strong chemopreventive effect, reducing inflammation, and increasing apoptosis, while the chemopreventive effect of the LF diet seems mediated mainly by increased apoptosis in MDF.
Collapse
|
73
|
Sánchez-Tena S, Fernández-Cachón ML, Carreras A, Mateos-Martín ML, Costoya N, Moyer MP, Nuñez MJ, Torres JL, Cascante M. Hamamelitannin from witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) displays specific cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:26-33. [PMID: 22216935 DOI: 10.1021/np200426k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) bark is a rich source of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins reported to exert a protective action against colon cancer. The present study characterizes different witch hazel tannins as selective cytotoxic agents against colon cancer. To cover the structural diversity of the tannins that occur in H. virginiana bark, the hydrolyzable tannins, hamamelitannin and pentagalloylglucose, together with a proanthocyanidin-rich fraction (F800H4) were selected for the study. Treatment with these compounds reduced tumor viability and induced apoptosis, necrosis, and S-phase arrest in the cell cycle of HT29 cells, with hamamelitannin being the most efficient. Owing to polyphenol-mediated H(2)O(2) formation in the incubation media, the antiproliferative effect was determined in the presence and absence of catalase to rule out any such interference. The presence of catalase significantly changed the IC(50) only for F800H4. Furthermore, at concentrations that inhibit the growth of HT29 cells by 50%, hamamelitannin had no harmful effects on NCM460 normal colonocytes, whereas pentagalloylglucose inhibited both cancerous and normal cell growth. Using the TNPTM assay, we identified a highly reactive phenolic position in hamamelitannin, which may explain its efficacy at inhibiting colon cancer growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Sánchez-Tena
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, IBUB, Unit Associated with CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Bak MJ, Jun M, Jeong WS. Procyanidins from wild grape (Vitis amurensis) seeds regulate ARE-mediated enzyme expression via Nrf2 coupled with p38 and PI3K/Akt pathway in HepG2 cells. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:801-818. [PMID: 22312287 PMCID: PMC3269721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13010801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Procyanidins, polymers of flavan-3-ol units, have been reported to exhibit many beneficial health effects such as antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic effects. In this study, we investigated the cancer chemopreventive properties of procyanidins from wild grape (Vitis amurensis) seeds in particular their roles in inducing phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes as well as in modulating the upstream kinases. Ethanolic extract of V. amurensis seeds was fractionated with a series of organic solvents and finally separated into six fractions, F1–F6. Chemical properties of the procyanidins were analyzed by vanillin assay, BuOH-HCl test, and depolymerization with phloroglucinol followed by LC/MS analysis. The F5 had the highest procyanidin content among all the fractions and strongly induced the reporter activity of antioxidant response element as well as the protein expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) in HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells. The procyanidin-rich F5 also strongly induced the expression of the phase II detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 and hemeoxygenase1. Phosphorylations of the upstream kinases such as MAPKs and PI3K/Akt were significantly increased by treatment with procyanidin fraction. In addition, the procyanidin-mediated Nrf2 expression was partly attenuated by PI3K inhibitor LY294002, and almost completely by p38 inhibitor SB202190, but neither by JNK inhibitor SP600125 nor by MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. Taken together, the procyanidins from wild grape seeds could be used as a potential natural chemopreventive agent through Nrf2/ARE-mediated phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes induction via p38 and PI3K/Akt pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Bak
- Institute for Phytochemical-Drug Interactions, Department of Food & Life Sciences, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Woo-Sik Jeong
- Institute for Phytochemical-Drug Interactions, Department of Food & Life Sciences, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-55-320-3238; Fax: +82-55-320-0691
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Ramos S, Rodríguez-Ramiro I, Martín MA, Goya L, Bravo L. Dietary flavanols exert different effects on antioxidant defenses and apoptosis/proliferation in Caco-2 and SW480 colon cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1771-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
76
|
Inaba H, Tagashira M, Kanda T, Amano A. Proliferation of Smooth Muscle Cells Stimulated byPorphyromonas Gingivalisis Inhibited by Apple Polyphenol. J Periodontol 2011; 82:1616-22. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
77
|
Gorlach S, Wagner W, Podsędek A, Szewczyk K, Koziołkiewicz M, Dastych J. Procyanidins from Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) fruit induce apoptosis in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells in a degree of polymerization-dependent manner. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:1348-60. [PMID: 22026386 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.608480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant proanthocyanidins, including procyanidins, display various biological activities. Here we report an inhibition of human colon cancer Caco-2 cell growth by the extract from Japanese quince fruit and the procyanidin-rich fractions of the extract. We observed that the amount of apoptotic Caco-2 cells increased by 52.1% vs. control after 72-h incubation with 50 μg extract/mL, as assessed by flow cytometry and image cytometry. Under the same experimental conditions the corresponding values for human colon cancer HT-29 cells and for rat normal intestinal IEC-6 cells were 5.0% and 8.1%, respectively. The extract fractions enriched with higher oligomers exhibited the highest proapoptotic activity. In conclusion, the Japanese quince procyanidins exhibited proapoptotic activity in Caco-2 cells within a submilimolar concentration range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Gorlach
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Hyson DA. A comprehensive review of apples and apple components and their relationship to human health. Adv Nutr 2011; 2:408-20. [PMID: 22332082 PMCID: PMC3183591 DOI: 10.3945/an.111.000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing appreciation and understanding of the link between dietary fruit and vegetable intake and improved health in humans. The widespread and growing intake of apples and apple juice/products and their rich phytochemical profile suggest their important potential to affect the health of the populations consuming them. This review summarizes current clinical, in vitro, and in vivo data and builds upon earlier published reports that apple may reduce the risk of chronic disease by various mechanisms, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, and cell signaling effects. Exposure to apples and apple products has been associated with beneficial effects on risk, markers, and etiology of cancer, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and Alzheimer's disease. Recent work suggests that these products may also be associated with improved outcomes related to cognitive decline of normal aging, diabetes, weight management, bone health, pulmonary function, and gastrointestinal protection.
Collapse
|
79
|
Kutschera M, Engst W, Blaut M, Braune A. Isolation of catechin-converting human intestinal bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:165-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
80
|
Modified apple polysaccharide prevents against tumorigenesis in a mouse model of colitis-associated colon cancer: role of galectin-3 and apoptosis in cancer prevention. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:107-17. [PMID: 21516492 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and preventable cancers. Regular consumption of apples is conducive to reduction in CRC risk. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate effects of modified apple polysaccharide (MAP) on tumorigenesis in a mouse model of colitis-associated colon cancer. METHODS One hundred male ICR mice were administered with 1, 2-dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Forty mice were given no further treatment, the rest were fed basal diet blended with three different doses of MAP; 2.5, 5, and 10% (20 mice in each group). RESULTS MAP significantly protected ICR mice against DMH/DSS-induced tumorigenesis. The incidence of tumor development was 90% (18/20) in the mice treated with DMH/DSS, but that was reduced to 25% (5/20), 15% (3/20), and 5% (1/20), respectively, in the mice treated with basal diets plus 2.5, 5, and 10% of MAP. Study of apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells revealed that MAP moderately increased apoptosis, suggesting that the anti-tumor potency of MAP was probably attributed to its ability to induce apoptosis. Western blot analysis demonstrated that carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-3 changed in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm during the process from colitis to colon cancer in the model. And MAP could inhibit the binding of galectin-3 to its ligand: this is, at least in part, the possible mechanism of MAP by enhancing apoptosis and preventing tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that MAP has a potential role in clinical prevention and treatment for colon cancer.
Collapse
|
81
|
Fini L, Piazzi G, Daoud Y, Selgrad M, Maegawa S, Garcia M, Fogliano V, Romano M, Graziani G, Vitaglione P, Carmack SW, Gasbarrini A, Genta RM, Issa JP, Boland CR, Ricciardiello L. Chemoprevention of intestinal polyps in ApcMin/+ mice fed with western or balanced diets by drinking annurca apple polyphenol extract. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:907-15. [PMID: 21383028 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Western diet (WD) is associated with a higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) than the Mediterranean diet. Polyphenols extracted from Annurca apple showed chemopreventive properties in CRC cells. A multifactorial, four-arm study by using wild-type (wt) and Apc(Min/+) mice was carried out to evaluate the effect on polyp number and growth of APE treatment (60 μmol/L) ad libitum in drinking water combined with a WD or a balanced diet (BD) for 12 weeks. Compared with APE treatment, we found a significant drop in body weight (P < 0.0001), severe rectal bleeding (P = 0.0076), presence of extraintestinal tumors, and poorer activity status (P = 0.0034) in water-drinking Apc(Min/+) mice, more remarkably in the WD arm. In the BD and WD groups, APE reduced polyp number (35% and 42%, respectively, P < 0.001) and growth (60% and 52%, respectively, P < 0.0001) in both colon and small intestine. Increased antioxidant activity was found in wt animals fed both diets and in Apc(Min/+) mice fed WD and drinking APE. Reduced lipid peroxidation was found in Apc(Min/+) mice drinking APE fed both diets and in wt mice fed WD. In normal mucosa, mice drinking water had lower global levels of DNA methylation than mice drinking APE. APE treatment is highly effective in reducing polyps in Apc(Min/+) mice and supports the concept that a mixture of phytochemicals, as they are naturally present in foods, represent a plausible chemopreventive agent for CRC, particularly in populations at high risk for colorectal neoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Fini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Research Institute, Sammons Cancer Center, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Implicación de NF-κB y p53 en la expresión de receptores de muerte-TRAIL y apoptosis por procianidinas en células metastásicas humanas SW620. BIOMEDICA 2011. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v30i4.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
83
|
Kahle K, Kempf M, Schreier P, Scheppach W, Schrenk D, Kautenburger T, Hecker D, Huemmer W, Ackermann M, Richling E. Intestinal transit and systemic metabolism of apple polyphenols. Eur J Nutr 2010; 50:507-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
84
|
Hagl S, Deusser H, Soyalan B, Janzowski C, Will F, Dietrich H, Albert FW, Rohner S, Richling E. Colonic availability of polyphenols and D
-(−)-quinic acid after apple smoothie consumption. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 55:368-77. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
85
|
Rossi M, Bosetti C, Negri E, Lagiou P, Vecchia CL. Flavonoids, Proanthocyanidins, and Cancer Risk: A Network of Case-Control Studies From Italy. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:871-7. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2010.509534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
86
|
Li Y, Niu Y, Wu H, Sun Y, Li Q, Kong X, Liu L, Mei Q. Modified apple polysaccharides could induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. J Food Sci 2010; 75:H224-9. [PMID: 21535499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have pointed out that dietary components could inhibit cancer progression and metastasis, and it has been proven that many ingredients of apple have benefits for cancer prevention. We, therefore, extracted modified apple polysaccharides (MAP) from apple and hypothesized that MAP have a cancer-preventive effect as do other ingredients of apple. Three human colorectal cancer cell lines: SW-1116, HT-29, and Caco-2 were exposed to different concentrations of MAP (0% to 0.1%). Inhibition of cell proliferation was measured by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. DNA fragmentation was visualized by agarose-gel electrophoresis. The amount of apoptotic cells was assessed by flow cytometry, and protein level of caspase 3, 8, 9, Bax, and Bcl-2 was evaluated by Western blot. At the concentrations of 0.01% to 0.1%, MAP showed growth-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing effects on cancer cells. It increased the expression of caspase 3, 8, 9, and Bax, while decreased of Bcl-2, which denoted that MAP may induce apoptosis through both the mitochondrial-mediated and death receptor-mediated apoptotic ways. These data indicate that MAP has the potential for clinical prevention and treatment for colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical Univ., Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Saunders FR, Wallace HM. On the natural chemoprevention of cancer. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2010; 48:621-626. [PMID: 20347597 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease to treat and the treatments have not progressed significantly in the last few years. Alternative strategies such as chemoprevention are being investigated. Proof of concept of chemoprevention has been shown with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); however there is significantly more interest in plant and naturally available compounds for chemoprevention. A number of different naturally occurring chemical compounds are reviewed here for their potential benefits and the pathways which they may target, in particular the polyamine pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona R Saunders
- Section of Translational Medicine, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB252ZD, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Winkelmann I, Diehl D, Oesterle D, Daniel H, Wenzel U. Flavone induces changes in intermediary metabolism that prevent microadenoma formation in colonic tissue of carcinogen-treated mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54 Suppl 2:S184-95. [PMID: 20564477 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide with the need for improved therapeutics and adjuvants. METHODS AND RESULTS We here tested whether the secondary plant compound flavone affects the development of aberrant crypt foci and microadenomas triggered in C57BL/6J mice by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Ten weeks after the last 1,2-dimethylhydrazine injection, flavone was applied at 400 mg/kg body weight over 4 wk by gavage. Flavone was found to increase apoptosis and to reduce the rate of proliferation and aberrant crypt formation. More importantly, development of microadenomas was completely suppressed by flavone. Proteome analysis by 2-DE with mass spectrometric identification of regulated proteins suggests a downregulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in colonocytes with compensation by increased FADH(2) production via a partial beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids to meet energy demands. Transcriptome analysis, using a Gene Chip expression array with 24,000 gene probes confirmed the proteome data and moreover revealed the increased expression of various solute transporters, suggesting increased substrate supply to be used for tricarboxylic acid cycle-independent energy production. CONCLUSION In conclusion, changes in the levels of proteins from intermediary metabolism or their encoding mRNAs are linked to flavone-induced apoptosis and the prevention of microadenoma formation in transformed colonocytes of mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Winkelmann
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Tucci SA, Boyland EJ, Halford JCG. The role of lipid and carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitors in the management of obesity: a review of current and emerging therapeutic agents. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2010; 3:125-43. [PMID: 21437083 PMCID: PMC3047983 DOI: 10.2147/dmsott.s7005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic associated with significant morbidity and mortality in adults and ill health in children. A proven successful approach in weight management has been the disruption of nutrient digestion, with orlistat having been used to treat obesity for the last 10 years. Although orlistat-induced weight loss remains modest, it produces meaningful reductions in risk factors for obesity-related conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, this lipase inhibitor is free of the serious side effects that have dogged appetite-suppressing drugs. This success had driven investigation into new generation nutraceuticals, supplements and pharmaceutical agents that inhibit the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and fats within the gut. This review focuses on agents purported to inhibit intestinal enzymes responsible for macronutrient digestion. Except for some synthetic products, the majority of agents reviewed are either botanical extracts or bacterial products. Currently, carbohydrate digestion inhibitors are under development to improve glycemic control and these may also induce some weight loss. However, colonic fermentation induced side effects, such as excess gas production, remain an issue for these compounds. The α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose, and the α-amylase inhibitor phaseolamine, have been used in humans with some promising results relating to weight loss. Nonetheless, few of these agents have made it into clinical studies and without any clinical proof of concept or proven efficacy it is unlikely any will enter the market soon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Tucci
- Correspondence: Sonia Tucci, Kissileff Laboratory for the Study of Human Ingestive Behaviour, School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK, Tel +44 (0) 151 7941121, Fax +44 (0) 151 7942945, Email
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Walter A, Etienne-Selloum N, Brasse D, Khallouf H, Bronner C, Rio MC, Beretz A, Schini-Kerth VB. Intake of grape-derived polyphenols reduces C26 tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis. FASEB J 2010; 24:3360-9. [PMID: 20442318 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-149419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vivo antitumor activity of grape-derived polyphenols. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously implanted with C26 colon carcinoma cells, and 2 d later they received either solvent or red wine polyphenols (RWPs) (100 mg/kg/d, human equivalent dose approximately 500 mg/d) in the drinking water for 25 d. Wistar rats received either solvent or RWPs (100 mg/kg/d, human equivalent dose approximately 1000 mg/d) in the drinking water 1 wk before injection of azoxymethane and were studied 10 wk later. In mice, RWPs inhibited tumor growth by 31%, reduced tumor vascularization and the number of lung metastases, decreased proliferation as indicated by down-regulation of Ki67, cyclin D1, and UHRF1, and increased apoptosis as indicated by TUNEL staining and active caspase-3 levels in tumor cells. RWPs reduced expression of VEGF, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and cyclooxygenase-2 and increased expression of tumor suppressor genes p16(INK4A), p53, and p73 in tumor cells. In rats, RWPs reduced by 49% the number of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci (preneoplastic lesions) in colon. Thus, RWPs effectively reduced the development of colon carcinoma tumors in vivo by blunting tumor vascularization and by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of tumor cells subsequent to an up-regulation of tumor suppressor genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Walter
- UMR 7213 CNRS, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Lhoste EF, Bruneau A, Bensaada M, Cherbuy C, Philippe C, Bruel S, Sutren M, Rabot S, Guyot S, Duée PH, Latino-Martel P. Apple proanthocyanidins do not reduce the induction of preneoplastic lesions in the colon of rats associated with human microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:4120-4125. [PMID: 20205389 DOI: 10.1021/jf904010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the gut microbiota metabolizes various dietary constituents unabsorbed by the small intestine and modulates colon function, it plays an essential role in colon carcinogenesis. First, we have developed a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMA), fed a human-type diet and injected with 1-2,dimethylhydrazine (DMH). We observed that the number and size of DMH-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were significantly higher in HMA rats than in germ-free or conventional rats. Second, we used this model to assess the protective effect of an apple proanthocyanidin-rich extract (APE) on colon carcinogenesis. In this model, ACF number and multiplicity were not reduced by APE at 0.001% and 0.01% in drinking water. They were higher with APE 0.1% than with APE 0.01%. Therefore, the cross-talk between human microbiota and the colon epithelium should be taken into account in carcinogenesis models. Moreover, attention should be paid prior to using proanthocyanidin extracts as dietary supplements for humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne F Lhoste
- INRA, UR910 Unite d'Ecologie et Physiologie du Systeme Digestif, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Kasimsetty SG, Bialonska D, Reddy MK, Ma G, Khan SI, Ferreira D. Colon cancer chemopreventive activities of pomegranate ellagitannins and urolithins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2180-2187. [PMID: 20112993 DOI: 10.1021/jf903762h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate juice derived ellagitannins and their intestinal bacterial metabolites, urolithins, inhibited TCDD-induced CYP1-mediated EROD activity in vitro with IC(50) values ranging from 56.7 microM for urolithin A to 74.8 microM for urolithin C. These compounds exhibited dose- and time-dependent decreases in cell proliferation and clonogenic efficiency of HT-29 cells. Inhibition of cell proliferation was mediated through cell cycle arrest in the G(0)/G(1) and G(2)/M stages of the cell cycle followed by induction of apoptosis. These results indicate that the ellagitannins and urolithins released in the colon upon consumption of pomegranate juice in considerable amounts could potentially curtail the risk of colon cancer development, by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sashi G Kasimsetty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Miene C, Klenow S, Veeriah S, Richling E, Glei M. Impact of apple polyphenols on GSTT2 gene expression, subsequent protection of DNA and modulation of proliferation using LT97 human colon adenoma cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 53:1254-62. [PMID: 19753602 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apple extract (AE) enhances expression of glutathione S-transferases (e.g., GSTT2) in human colon cells (LT97). Therefore, aim of the present study was to identify functional consequences of GSTT2 induction by AE and to determine the relation of AE effects to isolated compounds. Polyphenol composition of AE was analyzed. LT97 cells were treated with AE or synthetic polyphenol mixture (SPM) under conditions that induced GSTT2, and challenged with GSTT2-2 substrate cumene hydroperoxide (CumOOH) to determine DNA damage using comet assay. Modulation of GSTT2 expression (real-time PCR) was reassessed, and the influence on cell proliferation and pro-oxidative potential of AE and SPM were assessed to understand additional mechanisms. Induction of GSTT2 by AE was accompanied by protection of LT97 cells from CumOOH-induced genotoxicity. Although SPM was unable to reflect AE-specific bioactivity related to GSTT2 modulation and anti-genotoxicity, inhibition of LT97 cell proliferation by SPM was comparable. Storage of AE caused changes in phenolic composition along with loss of activity regarding GSTT2 induction and amplified growth inhibition. At the applied concentrations, no H(2)O(2) formation was detectable with any of the substances. AE can protect against oxidatively induced DNA damage. Nevertheless, chemopreventive effects of AE strongly depend on the specific composition, which is modified by storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Miene
- Institute for Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Koch TCL, Briviba K, Watzl B, Fähndrich C, Bub A, Rechkemmer G, Barth SW. Prevention of colon carcinogenesis by apple juice in vivo: impact of juice constituents and obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 53:1289-302. [PMID: 19753605 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that 75-85% of all chronic diseases are linked to lifestyle-related and environmental factors. The development of colon cancer is positively associated with obesity and inversely associated with the intake of dietary fibre, fruit and vegetable. Apple juice is the most widely consumed fruit beverage in Germany. It contains a specific spectrum of polyphenols and other components that may reduce the risk of colon cancer. Epidemiologic studies suggest an inverse correlation between apple consumption and colon cancer risk, although the mechanisms for these observations are not clear. The present review summarizes the preventive potential of apple juices and different apple constituents on biomarkers related to colon carcinogenesis with special focus on the in vivo evidence and the cancer promoting condition of obesity. However, under the cancer promoting condition of obesity, apple juice did not show cancer-preventive bioactivity. In our experiments a cancer-preventive bioactivity of apple juice is lacking in rats under the cancer-promoting condition of obesity. To further investigate, whether this lack of efficacy observed in obese rats might be representative for obese individuals human intervention studies on high risk groups such as obese or diabetic individuals are of interest and will be conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana C L Koch
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institute, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Serrano J, Puupponen-Pimiä R, Dauer A, Aura AM, Saura-Calixto F. Tannins: current knowledge of food sources, intake, bioavailability and biological effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53 Suppl 2:S310-29. [PMID: 19437486 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tannins are a unique group of phenolic metabolites with molecular weights between 500 and 30 000 Da, which are widely distributed in almost all plant foods and beverages. Proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins are the two major groups of these bioactive compounds, but complex tannins containing structural elements of both groups and specific tannins in marine brown algae have also been described. Most literature data on food tannins refer only to oligomeric compounds that are extracted with aqueous-organic solvents, but a significant number of non-extractable tannins are usually not mentioned in the literature. The biological effects of tannins usually depend on their grade of polymerisation and solubility. Highly polymerised tannins exhibit low bioaccessibility in the small intestine and low fermentability by colonic microflora. This review summarises a new approach to analysis of extractable and non-extractable tannins, major food sources, and effects of storage and processing on tannin content and bioavailability. Biological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral effects are also described. In addition, the role of tannins in diabetes mellitus has been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Serrano
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Depto. Nutrición y Bromatología I, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Proanthocyanidins and the risk of colorectal cancer in Italy. Cancer Causes Control 2009; 21:243-50. [PMID: 20012183 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-009-9455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are a group of polymers of flavanols. Animal and in vitro studies suggest they decrease cancer risk, particularly of colorectal cancer. We used data from an Italian case-control study to investigate whether proanthocyanidins are related to colorectal cancer risk. Cases were 1,953 patients with incident, histologically confirmed colorectal cancer (1,225 colon cancers, 728 rectal cancers). Controls were 4,154 patients admitted for acute, non-neoplastic conditions. A reproducible and valid food frequency questionnaire was used. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) through multiple logistic regression models, including terms for potential confounding factors, and energy intake. A trend of decreasing risk with increasing intake of proanthocyanidins emerged for all classes except monomers. The OR for the highest vs. the lowest quintile of intake was 0.82 for monomers and dimers combined, 0.88 for monomers, 0.75 for dimers, 0.74 for all polymers with three or more mers, 0.84 for trimers, 0.80 for 4-6 mers, 0.79 for 7-10 mers, 0.69 for more than 10 mers, and 0.74 for total proanthocyanidins. The associations were apparently stronger for rectal than for colon cancer, in the absence of significant heterogeneity. These results may explain the protective effect of vegetables and fruit on colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
97
|
Apple procyanidins activate apoptotic signaling pathway in human colon adenocarcinoma cells by a lipid-raft independent mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 388:372-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
98
|
Petermann A, Miene C, Schulz-Raffelt G, Palige K, Hölzer J, Glei M, Böhmer FD. GSTT2, a phase II gene induced by apple polyphenols, protects colon epithelial cells against genotoxic damage. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:1245-53. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
99
|
Wang CC, Huang PL, Liu TY, Jan TR. Highly oligomeric procyanidins from areca nut induce lymphocyte apoptosis via the depletion of intracellular thiols. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:1234-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
100
|
Abstract
Diets rich in flavonoids may reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Flavonoids are widely distributed in foods of plant origin, though in the UK tea is the main dietary source. Our objective was to evaluate any independent associations of total dietary and non-tea intake of four flavonoid subclasses and the risk of developing colorectal cancer in a tea-drinking population with a high colorectal cancer incidence. A population-based case-control study (264 cases with histologically confirmed incident colorectal cancer and 408 controls) was carried out. Dietary data gathered by FFQ were used to calculate flavonoid intake. Adjusted OR and 95 % CI were estimated by logistic regression. No linear association between risk of developing colorectal cancer and total dietary flavonol, procyanidin, flavon-3-ol or flavanone intakes was found, but non-tea flavonol intake was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR 0.6; 95 % CI 0.4, 1.0). Stratification by site of cancer and assessment of individual flavonols showed a reduced risk of developing colon but not rectal cancer with increasing non-tea quercetin intake (OR 0.5; 95 % CI 0.3, 0.8; P(trend) < 0.01). We concluded that flavonols, specifically quercetin, obtained from non-tea components of the diet may be linked with reduced risk of developing colon cancer.
Collapse
|