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Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus crispatus Do Not Have Cytotoxic Effects on HN5 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:3034068. [PMID: 34621315 PMCID: PMC8492272 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3034068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oral environment has a very complex normal flora and a wide variety of bacteria including lactobacilli. Studies have shown oral microbial flora has important influence in the development of oral cancer. Squamous cell carcinomas account for more than 90% of cancers in oral cavity. Lactobacilli are known as one of the newest methods for the prevention and treatment of cancers. Previous studies on the effects of probiotics on oral cancer cells are very limited, and only two species of Lactobacillus which are not present in the normal oral microflora have been studied. Due to the unknown effects of lactobacilli on oral cancer, this study aimed to investigate the effect of two species of lactobacilli of oral cavity on oral cancer cells. Methods and Materials The effects of the supernatant of two lactobacilli, namely, fermentum and crispatus were studied on HN5-cancer cells. The MTT method was used to study the effects of lactobacilli on inhibition of cancer cell growth. Results The results showed that these lactobacilli do not prevent the progression of oral cancer cells. Moreover, the results showed that the acidic medium had the most effect on reducing the growth of oral cancer cells. Conclusion Due to the different effects of lactobacilli on various cancer types, the effects of two Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus fermentum on other oral cancer cell lines may be different from what has been reported in this study.
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Arthur RA, Dos Santos Bezerra R, Ximenez JPB, Merlin BL, de Andrade Morraye R, Neto JV, Fava NMN, Figueiredo DLA, de Biagi CAO, Montibeller MJ, Guimarães JB, Alves EG, Schreiner M, da Costa TS, da Silva CFL, Malheiros JM, da Silva LHB, Ribas GT, Achallma DO, Braga CM, Andrade KFA, do Carmo Alves Martins V, Dos Santos GVN, Granatto CF, Terin UC, Sanches IH, Ramos DE, Garay-Malpartida HM, de Souza GMP, Slavov SN, Silva WA. Microbiome and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a possible interplay on iron metabolism and its impact on tumor microenvironment. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1287-1302. [PMID: 34002353 PMCID: PMC8324744 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing positive association between changes in oral microbiome and the occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Alcohol- and nicotine-related products can induce microbial changes but are still unknown if these changes are related to cancerous lesion sites. In an attempt to understand how these changes can influence the OSCC development and maintenance, the aim of this study was to investigate the oral microbiome linked with OSCC as well as to identify functional signatures and associate them with healthy or precancerous and cancerous sites. Our group used data of oral microbiomes available in public repositories. The analysis included data of oral microbiomes from electronic cigarette users, alcohol consumers, and precancerous and OSCC samples. An R-based pipeline was used for taxonomic and functional prediction analysis. The Streptococcus spp. genus was the main class identified in the healthy group. Haemophilus spp. predominated in precancerous lesions. OSCC samples revealed a higher relative abundance compared with the other groups, represented by an increased proportion of Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Haemophilus spp., and Campylobacter spp. Venn diagram analysis showed 52 genera exclusive of OSCC samples. Both precancerous and OSCC samples seemed to present a specific associated functional pattern. They were menaquinone-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase pattern enhanced in the former and both 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (purine metabolism) and iron(III) transport system ATP-binding protein enhanced in the latter. We conclude that although precancerous and OSCC samples present some differences on microbial profile, both microbiomes act as "iron chelators-like" potentially contributing to tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Alex Arthur
- Preventive and Community Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dos Santos Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical Oncology, Stem Cells and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Laís Merlin
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael de Andrade Morraye
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - João Valentini Neto
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Natália Melo Nasser Fava
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - David Livingstone Alves Figueiredo
- Institute for Cancer Research (IPEC), Guarapuava, PR, 85015-430, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR, 85015-430, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Oliveira de Biagi
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Jara Montibeller
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Jhefferson Barbosa Guimarães
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ellen Gomes Alves
- Undergraduate in Biological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Paulista, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Schreiner
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Professional and Technological Education Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tiago Silva da Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Charlie Felipe Liberati da Silva
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Professional and Technological Education Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Luan Henrique Burda da Silva
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Professional and Technological Education Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Taborda Ribas
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Professional and Technological Education Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daisy Obispo Achallma
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, FARVET, Chincha Alta, Ica, Perú & Centro de Investigación de Genética y Biología Molecular (CIGBM), Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | - Camila Margalho Braga
- Graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon, Pará State University, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Karen Flaviane Assis Andrade
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Henrique Sanches
- Institute of Pathology Tropical and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Diana Estefania Ramos
- Department of Oral; Maxillofacial Surgery, and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Marcelino Pereira de Souza
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo Silva
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory - MGBL, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501 - 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.
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53
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Beltran JF, Viafara-Garcia SM, Labrador AP, Basterrechea J. The Role of Periodontopathogens and Oral Microbiome in the Progression of Oral Cancer. A Review. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontal disease and oral bacteria dysbiosis can lead to the accumulation of genetic mutations that eventually stimulate Oral Squamous Cell Cancer (OSCC). The annual incidence of OSCC is increasing significantly, and almost half of the cases are diagnosed in an advanced stage. Worldwide there are more than 380,000 new cases diagnosed every year, and a topic of extensive research in the last few years is the alteration of oral bacteria, their compositional changes and microbiome. This review aims to establish the relationship between bacterial dysbiosis and OSCC. Several bacteria implicated in periodontal disease, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and some Streptococcus species, promote angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and alteration in the host defense process; these same bacteria have been present in different stages of OSCC. Our review showed that genes involved in bacterial chemotaxis, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the cell wall membrane of gram negatives bacteria, were significantly increased in patients with OSCC. Additionally, some bacterial diversity, particularly with Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria species, has been identified in pre-cancerous stage samples. This review suggests the importance of an early diagnosis and more comprehensive periodontal therapy for patients by the dental care professional.
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Su Mun L, Wye Lum S, Kong Yuiin Sze G, Hock Yoong C, Ching Yung K, Kah Lok L, Gopinath D. Association of Microbiome with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of the Metagenomic Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7224. [PMID: 34299675 PMCID: PMC8306663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a surge in epidemiological studies that have explored the relationship between the oral microbiome and oral cancer. Owing to the diversity of the published data, a comprehensive systematic overview of the currently available evidence is critical. This review summarises the current evidence on the metagenomic studies on the oral microbiome in oral cancer. A systematic search was conducted in Medline and Embase databases to identify original studies examining the differences in the oral microbiome of oral cancer cases and controls. A total of twenty-six studies were identified that reported differences in microbial abundance between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and controls. Although almost all the studies identified microbial dysbiosis to be associated with oral cancer, the detailed qualitative analysis did not reveal the presence/abundance of any individual bacteria or a consortium to be consistently enriched in OSCC samples across the studies. Interestingly, few studies reported a surge of periodontopathogenic taxa, especially Fusobacteria, whereas others demonstrated a depletion of commensal taxa Streptococci. Considerable heterogeneity could be identified in the parameters used for designing the studies as well as reporting the microbial data. If microbiome data needs to be translated in the future, to complement the clinical parameters for diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer, further studies with the integration of clinical variables, adequate statistical power, reproducible methods, and models are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Su Mun
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.M.); (S.W.L.); (G.K.Y.S.); (C.H.Y.); (K.C.Y.); (L.K.L.)
| | - See Wye Lum
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.M.); (S.W.L.); (G.K.Y.S.); (C.H.Y.); (K.C.Y.); (L.K.L.)
| | - Genevieve Kong Yuiin Sze
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.M.); (S.W.L.); (G.K.Y.S.); (C.H.Y.); (K.C.Y.); (L.K.L.)
| | - Cheong Hock Yoong
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.M.); (S.W.L.); (G.K.Y.S.); (C.H.Y.); (K.C.Y.); (L.K.L.)
| | - Kwek Ching Yung
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.M.); (S.W.L.); (G.K.Y.S.); (C.H.Y.); (K.C.Y.); (L.K.L.)
| | - Liong Kah Lok
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.M.); (S.W.L.); (G.K.Y.S.); (C.H.Y.); (K.C.Y.); (L.K.L.)
| | - Divya Gopinath
- Oral Diagnosis and Surgical Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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Shigeoka M, Koma YI, Nishio M, Akashi M, Yokozaki H. Alteration of Macrophage Infiltrating Compartment: A Novel View on Oral Carcinogenesis. Pathobiology 2021; 88:327-337. [PMID: 33965948 DOI: 10.1159/000515922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has remained high for decades; therefore, methods for early detection of OSCC are warranted. However, in the oral cavity, various mucosal diseases may be encountered, including reactive lesions and oral potentially malignant disorders, and it is difficult to differentiate OSCC from these lesions based on both clinical and histopathological findings. It is well known that chronic inflammation contributes to oral cancer development. Macrophages are among the most common inflammatory cells in cancer stromal tissue and have various roles in cancer aggressiveness. Although the roles of macrophages in cancer development have attracted attention, only a few studies have linked macrophages to carcinogenesis, particularly, oral precancerous lesions. SUMMARY This review article consists of 3 parts: first, we summarize current knowledge on macrophages in human various epithelial precancerous lesions, excluding the oral cavity, to show the importance and gaps in knowledge regarding macrophages in carcinogenesis; second, we review published data related to the role of macrophages in oral carcinogenesis; finally, we present a novel view on oral carcinogenesis, focusing on crosstalk between epithelial cells and macrophages. Key Messages: The biological features of macrophages in oral carcinogenesis differ drastically depending on the anatomical compartment that they infiltrate. Focusing on the alteration of macrophage infiltrating compartment may serve as a useful novel approach for studying the role of the macrophages in oral carcinogenesis and for gaining further insight into cancer prevention and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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56
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Shridhar K, Aggarwal A, Rawal I, Gupta R, Masih S, Mehrotra R, Gillespie TW, Dhillon PK, Michaud DS, Prabhakaran D, Goodman M. Feasibility of investigating the association between bacterial pathogens and oral leukoplakia in low and middle income countries: A population-based pilot study in India. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251017. [PMID: 33914825 PMCID: PMC8084244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain oral bacterial pathogens may play a role in oral carcinogenesis. We assessed the feasibility of conducting a population-based study in India to examine the distributions and levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia in relation to oral leukoplakia (a potentially malignant disorder) and other participant characteristics. METHODS This exploratory case-control study was nested within a large urban Indian cohort and the data included 22 men and women with oral leukoplakia (cases) and 69 leukoplakia-free controls. Each participant provided a salivary rinse sample, and a subset of 34 participants (9 cases; 25 controls) also provided a gingival swab sample from keratinized gingival surface for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Neither the distribution nor the levels of pathogens were associated with oral leukoplakia; however, individual pathogen levels were more strongly correlated with each other in cases compared to controls. Among controls, the median level of total pathogens was the highest (7.55×104 copies/ng DNA) among persons of low socioeconomic status. Salivary rinse provided better DNA concentration than gingival swab for qPCR analysis (mean concentration: 1.8 ng/μl vs. 0.2 ng/μl). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the feasibility of population studies evaluating oral microbiome in low-resource settings and identifies promising leads for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithiga Shridhar
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Aastha Aggarwal
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishita Rawal
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruby Gupta
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Shet Masih
- Molecular Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- India Cancer Research Consortium, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Theresa W. Gillespie
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Preet K. Dhillon
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Genentech Roche, California, United States of America
| | - Dominique S. Michaud
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Goodman
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Qian Y, Xie YH, Jiang SS, Kang ZR, Chen YX, Chen ZF, Fang JY. Alterations in the oral and gut microbiome of colorectal cancer patients and association with host clinical factors. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:925-935. [PMID: 33844851 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that gut microbiota plays a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although preliminary comparisons of the oral and gut microbiota between CRC and healthy control (HC) patients have been made, the association between microbiome abundance and host clinical factors has not been fully illustrated, especially oral health conditions. Matching samples of unstimulated saliva, cancer tissues or biopsies and stools were collected from 30 CRC and 30 HC patients from Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated Renji Hospital for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The diversity in salivary and mucosal microbiome, but not stool microbiome of CRC group, was significantly different from that of HC, as demonstrated by the Principal Component Analysis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age and higher oral hygiene index (OHI) were independent risk factors for CRC, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 1.159 (1.045-1.284) and 4.398 (1.328-14.567), respectively. Salivary Firmicutes to Bacteroides ratio in CRC was significantly higher than that in the HC group (P < .001), while the mucosal ratio was slightly decreased in CRC (P < .05). Salivary Rothia and Streptococcus levels were positively correlated with OHI, while Alloprevotella, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptoccus and Prevotella genera levels were negatively associated with OHI. NetShift analysis revealed that salivary Peptococcus, Centipeda and mucosal Subdoligranulum genus might act as key drivers during the process of carcinogenesis. In conclusion, the current study provides insights into the potential influence of host clinical factors on oral and gut microbiome composition and can be a guide for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Hong Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Shan Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Ran Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Fei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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58
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Granato DC, Neves LX, Trino LD, Carnielli CM, Lopes AFB, Yokoo S, Pauletti BA, Domingues RR, Sá JO, Persinoti G, Paixão DAA, Rivera C, de Sá Patroni FM, Tommazetto G, Santos-Silva AR, Lopes MA, de Castro G, Brandão TB, Prado-Ribeiro AC, Squina FM, Telles GP, Paes Leme AF. Meta-omics analysis indicates the saliva microbiome and its proteins associated with the prognosis of oral cancer patients. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140659. [PMID: 33839314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a biofluid that maintains the health of oral tissues and the homeostasis of oral microbiota. Studies have demonstrated that Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients have different salivary microbiota than healthy individuals. However, the relationship between these microbial differences and clinicopathological outcomes is still far from conclusive. Herein, we investigate the capability of using metagenomic and metaproteomic saliva profiles to distinguish between Control (C), OSCC without active lesion (L0), and OSCC with active lesion (L1) patients. The results show that there are significantly distinct taxonomies and functional changes in L1 patients compared to C and L0 patients, suggesting compositional modulation of the oral microbiome, as the relative abundances of Centipeda, Veillonella, and Gemella suggested by metagenomics are correlated with tumor size, clinical stage, and active lesion. Metagenomics results also demonstrated that poor overall patient survival is associated with a higher relative abundance of Stenophotromonas, Staphylococcus, Centipeda, Selenomonas, Alloscordovia, and Acitenobacter. Finally, compositional and functional differences in the saliva content by metaproteomics analysis can distinguish healthy individuals from OSCC patients. In summary, our study suggests that oral microbiota and their protein abundance have potential diagnosis and prognosis value for oral cancer patients. Further studies are necessary to understand the role of uniquely detected metaproteins in the microbiota of healthy and OSCC patients as well as the crosstalk between saliva host proteins and the oral microbiome present in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Granato
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro X Neves
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana D Trino
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ariane F B Lopes
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sami Yokoo
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca A Pauletti
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Romênia R Domingues
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamile O Sá
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Persinoti
- Laboratório Nacional de Biorrenováveis, LNBr, CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas A A Paixão
- Laboratório Nacional de Biorrenováveis, LNBr, CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - César Rivera
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio M de Sá Patroni
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Geizecler Tommazetto
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering (BCE), Aarhus University, 82000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alan R Santos-Silva
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio A Lopes
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto de Castro
- Oncologia Clínica, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís B Brandão
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Octavio Frias de Oliveira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio M Squina
- Universidade de Sorocaba, Departamento de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P Telles
- Universidade de Campinas, Instituto de Computação, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Paes Leme
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Chen SH, Hsiao SY, Chang KY, Chang JY. New Insights Into Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Clinical Aspects to Molecular Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052252. [PMID: 33668218 PMCID: PMC7956378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a prevalent malignant disease worldwide, especially so in Taiwan. Early- or even preclinical-stage detection is critical for reducing morbidity and mortality from oral SCC. Epidemiological and genome association studies are useful for identifying clinicopathological risk factors for preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches of oral SCC. For advanced oral SCC, effective treatments are critical to prolonging survival and enhancing quality of life. As oral SCC is characteristic of regional invasion with lymph node metastases, understanding the aggressive features of oral SCC, particularly in lymphangiogenesis, is essential for determining effective treatments. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastases. Recent clinical successes in immune checkpoint inhibitors either alone or combined with chemotherapy have also supported the therapeutic value of immunotherapy in oral SCC. This review summarizes critical advances in basic knowledge of oral SCC from the perspective of clinicopathological risk factors, molecular tumorigenesis, and the TME. We also highlight our recent investigations on the microbiome, genome association studies, lymphangiogenesis, and immunomodulation in oral SCC. This review may provide new insights for oral SCC treatment by systematically interpreting emerging evidence from various preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Hung Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (K.-Y.C.)
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yen Hsiao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 736402, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (K.-Y.C.)
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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60
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Ueda S, Goto M, Hashimoto K, Hasegawa S, Imazawa M, Takahashi M, Oh-Iwa I, Shimozato K, Nagao T, Nomoto S. Salivary CCL20 Level as a Biomarker for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:103-112. [PMID: 33608307 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study investigated the utility of C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) expression in saliva as a biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and also examined the associated microbiome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group included patients with OSCC or oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), and healthy volunteers (HVs). microarray and qRT-PCR were used to compare salivary CCL20 expression levels among groups. Data on CCL20 levels in oral cancer tissues and normal tissues were retrieved from a public database and examined. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing was used to investigate the salivary microbiome. RESULTS A significant increase in the expression level of CCL20 was observed in both OSCC tissues and saliva from patients with oral cancer. Fusobacterium was identified as the predominant bacteria in OSCC and correlated with CCL20 expression level. OSCC screening based on salivary CCL20 expression enabled successful differentiation between patients with OSCC and HVs. CONCLUSION CCL20 expression may be a useful biomarker for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Ueda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Goto
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kengo Hashimoto
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shogo Hasegawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Imazawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Marico Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oh-Iwa
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shimozato
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toru Nagao
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;
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Yang W, Chen CH, Jia M, Xing X, Gao L, Tsai HT, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Zeng B, Yeung SCJ, Lee MH, Cheng C. Tumor-Associated Microbiota in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641270. [PMID: 33681225 PMCID: PMC7930383 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Important evidence indicates the microbiota plays a key role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The esophageal microbiota was prospectively investigated in 18 patients with ESCC and 11 patients with physiological normal (PN) esophagus by 16S rRNA gene profiling, using next-generation sequencing. The microbiota composition in tumor tissues of ESCC patients were significantly different from that of patients with PN tissues. The ESCC microbiota was characterized by reduced microbial diversity, by decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Spirochaetes. Employing these taxa into a microbial dysbiosis index demonstrated that dysbiosis microbiota had good capacity to discriminate between ESCC and PN esophagus. Functional analysis characterized that ESCC microbiota had altered nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase functions compared with PN group. These results suggest that specific microbes and the microbiota may drive or mitigate ESCC carcinogenesis, and this study will facilitate assigning causal roles in ESCC development to certain microbes and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Han Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou County, Taiwan
| | - Minghan Jia
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangbin Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Gao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hsin-Ting Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou County, Taiwan
| | - Zhanfei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Ganly I, Pei Z, Hao Y, Ma Y, Rosenthal M, Wu Z, Migliacci J, Huang B, Katabi N, Tseng W, Brown S, Tang YW, Yang L. Case control study comparing the HPV genome in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma to normal patients using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3867. [PMID: 33594114 PMCID: PMC7886861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to carry out a case control study comparing the HPV genome in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OC-SCC) to normal patients using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. We recruited 50 OC-SCC cases which were then matched with a control patient by age, gender, race, smoking status and alcohol status. DNA was extracted from oral wash samples from all patients and whole genome shotgun sequencing performed. The raw sequence data was cleaned, reads aligned with the human genome (GRCH38), nonhuman reads identified and then HPV genotypes identified using HPViewer. In the 50 patients with OC-SCC, the most common subsite was tongue in 26 (52%). All patients were treated with primary resection and neck dissection. All but 2 tumors were negative on p16 immunohistochemistry. There were no statistically significant differences between the cases and controls in terms of gender, age, race/ethnicity, alcohol drinking, and cigarette smoking. There was no statistically significant difference between the cancer samples and control samples in the nonhuman DNA reads (medians 4,228,072 vs. 5,719,715, P value = 0.324). HPV was detected in 5 cases (10%) of OC-SCC (genotypes 10, 16, 98) but only 1 tumor sample (genotype 16) yielded a high number of reads to suggest a role in the etiology of OC-SCC. HPV was detected in 4 control patients (genotypes 16, 22, 76, 200) but all had only 1–2 HPV reads per human genome. Genotypes of HPV are rarely found in patients with oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Ganly
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.
| | - Zhiheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA.,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, USA
| | - Yuhan Hao
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA.,Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Yingfei Ma
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA.,Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Matthew Rosenthal
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Zhenglin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jocelyn Migliacci
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Wenzhi Tseng
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Stuart Brown
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Yi-Wei Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.,Medical Affairs, Cepheid, Danaher Diagnostic Platform, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Yang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA. .,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA.
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Minarovits J. Anaerobic bacterial communities associated with oral carcinoma: Intratumoral, surface-biofilm and salivary microbiota. Anaerobe 2020; 68:102300. [PMID: 33246097 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It was estimated that more than 700 bacterial species inhabit the oral cavity of healthy humans. Anaerobes comprise a significant fraction of the oral bacteriome and play an important role in the formation of multi-species biofilms attached to various anatomical sites. Bacterial biofilms are also associated with pathologic laesions of the oral cavity, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and distinct oral taxa could also be detected within the tumors, i.e. in deep biopsy samples. These observations suggested that certain oral bacteria or oral bacterial communities may play a causative role in oral carcinogenesis, in addition to the well characterized risk factors of oral cancer. Alternatively, it was also proposed that a subset of oral bacteria may have a growth advantage in the unique microenvironment of OSCC. Recently, a series of studies analysed the OSCC-associated bacterial communities using metataxonomic, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches. This review outlines the major differences between the community structure of microbiota in tumor biopsy, surface-biofilm and salivary or oral wash samples collected from OSCC patients, compared to corresponding samples from control persons. A special emphasis is given to the anaerobic bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium periodonticum that were characterised repeatedly as "OSCC-associated" in independent studies. Predicted microbial functions and relevant in vivo experimental models of oral carcinogenesis will also be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Minarovits
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, H-6720 Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64 Hungary.
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64
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Throat Microbial Community Structure and Functional Changes in Postsurgery Laryngeal Carcinoma Patients. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01849-20. [PMID: 33008819 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01849-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial community structure in the throat and its shift after laryngectomy in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients were investigated. Thirty swab samples taken prior to laryngectomy (SLC), 18 samples 1 week after laryngectomy (SLCA1w), and 30 samples 24 weeks after laryngectomy (SLCA24w) from 30 LSCC patients were examined. Microbial diversity was profiled through sequencing the V3-V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to validate the 16S rRNA sequence data for the V3-V4 region. The community structure and function of throat microbiota were assessed by PICRUSt (phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states) analysis. Both alpha and beta diversity results showed significant differences in the throat microbiota of LSCC patients before and after laryngectomy (P < 0.05). The drinking index of the SLC group was positively associated with the genus abundance of Prevotella (P < 0.05). The SLCA1w group had lower abundances of Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Lachnoanaerobaculum, and Veillonella than the SLC group (P < 0.05). The SLCA24w group had higher abundances of Streptococcus and Leptotrichia as well as lower abundances of Fusobacterium and Alloprevotella than the SLC group (P < 0.05). The throat microbiomes of the SLC group could be implicated in human cancer signaling pathways, as evidenced by PICRUSt analysis (P < 0.05). Our study clarifies alterations in throat microbial community structure and function in LSCC patients during the perioperative period and postoperative recovery period.IMPORTANCE Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma greatly impacts patients' lives, and noninvasive means of prognostic assessment are valuable in determining the effectiveness of laryngectomy. We set out to study the microbial structure changes in the throat before and after laryngectomy and found the gene functions of several throat bacteria to be associated with human cancer signaling pathways. Our findings may offer insights into the disease management of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. We hope to provide a means of using molecular mechanisms to improve the prognosis of laryngeal cancer treatment and to facilitate relevant research.
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65
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Bahethi RR, Stepan KO, Pinotti R, Li R, Agrawal N, Puram SV, Miles BA, Barber B. Genetic Mutations in Young Nonsmoking Patients With Oral Cavity Cancer: A Systematic Review. OTO Open 2020; 4:2473974X20970181. [PMID: 33210069 PMCID: PMC7643225 DOI: 10.1177/2473974x20970181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This investigation aims to review the known genetic mutations associated with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) in young adults with limited environmental risk factors (YLERs). Data Sources A comprehensive search strategy was designed to identify studies in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Scopus from database inception to May 2017 that included adults ≤50 years of age with OCSCC and minimal tobacco use history (≤10 pack-years) who had their tumors genetically sequenced or mutational profiles analyzed. Review Methods Identified articles were screened by 2 reviewers. Quality of evidence was graded by the MINORS criteria for case-control studies; other studies were graded by assigning a level of evidence for gene mutation literature. Results Thirteen studies met our inclusion criteria, and 130 patients met our criteria for age and tobacco history. TP53 was the most commonly evaluated gene (10 of 13 studies) and the most frequently observed mutation. One study reported that nonsmokers had significantly fewer TP53 mutations, while 9 studies found no difference in the prevalence of TP53 mutations. No other mutations were found specific to this cohort. Conclusions TP53 mutations may occur at a similar rate in YLERs with OCSCC as compared with older patients or those with risk factors. However, few studies have aimed to characterize the genetic landscape of oral cavity tumors in this population, often with small sample sizes. Future studies are needed to explore unidentified genetic alterations leading to tumor susceptibility or alternative mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini R Bahethi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katelyn O Stepan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel Pinotti
- Gustave L. and Janet W. Levy Library, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brett A Miles
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brittany Barber
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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The Intersection between Oral Microbiota, Host Gene Methylation and Patient Outcomes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113425. [PMID: 33218162 PMCID: PMC7698865 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, there has been increased recognition of an association between the bacterial microbiome and cancer. In this study, we characterized the non-HPV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) microbiome. We found a significant enrichment of Fusobacterium, depletion of Streptococcus, and the microbial signatures of twelve bacterial genera distinguishing HNSCC. With increased Fusobacterium—in particular, F. nucleatum—in our HNSCC cohort and its known association with prognosis in colorectal cancers (CRC), we sought to further characterize the association between clinical outcomes and F. nucleatum, and the host interaction with F. nucleatum. We identified a higher abundance of F. nucleatum in non-smokers and an improved survival, in contrast to CRC. An integrative analysis also identified that the enrichment of F. nucleatum was associated with host gene promoter methylation, suggesting that the bacterial mircobiome status may have a potential role as a prognostic biomarker and be involved in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. Abstract The role of oral microbiota in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is poorly understood. Here we sought to evaluate the association of the bacterial microbiome with host gene methylation and patient outcomes, and to explore its potential as a biomarker for early detection or intervention. Here we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in sixty-eight HNSCC patients across both tissue and oral rinse samples to identify oral bacteria with differential abundance between HNSCC and controls. A subset of thirty-one pairs of HNSCC tumor tissues and the adjacent normal tissues were characterized for host gene methylation profile using bisulfite capture sequencing. We observed significant enrichments of Fusobacterium and Peptostreptococcus in HNSCC tumor tissues when compared to the adjacent normal tissues, and in HNSCC oral rinses when compared to healthy subjects, while ten other bacterial genera were largely depleted. These HNSCC-related bacteria were discriminative for HNSCC and controls with area under the receiver operating curves (AUCs) of 0.84 and 0.86 in tissue and oral rinse samples, respectively. Moreover, Fusobacterium nucleatum abundance in HNSCC cases was strongly associated with non-smokers, lower tumor stage, lower rate of recurrence, and improved disease-specific survival. An integrative analysis identified that enrichment of F. nucleatum was associated with host gene promoter methylation, including hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes LXN and SMARCA2, for which gene expressions were downregulated in the HNSCC cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas. In conclusion, we identified a taxonomically defined microbial consortium associated with HNSCC that may have clinical potential regarding biomarkers for early detection or intervention. Host–microbe interactions between F. nucleatum enrichment and clinical outcomes or host gene methylation imply a potential role of F. nucleatum as a pro-inflammatory driver in initiating HNSCC without traditional risk factors, which warrants further investigation for the underlying mechanisms.
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LDOC1 Suppresses Microbe-Induced Production of IL-1β in Human Normal and Cancerous Oral Cells through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113148. [PMID: 33120999 PMCID: PMC7694066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oral microbes often proliferate due to poor oral hygiene (POH). POH is associated with OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma). We investigated the role of LDOC1 in the production of IL-1β, an oncogenic proinflammatory cytokine in OSCC, induced by microorganisms in human oral cells. Candida albicans (CA) was detected in OSCC tissues. CA and the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum stimulate higher levels of IL-1β production in LDOC1-deficient OSCC cells than in LDOC1-expressing oral cells. CA SC5314 increased OSCC incidence in carcinogen-treated mice. Loss and gain of LDOC1 function resulted in increased and decreased, respectively, CA SC5314-induced IL-1β production. LDOC1 deficiency increased active pAktS473 upon SC5314 stimulation and inactive pGSK-3βS9 phosphorylated by pAktS473. PI3K and Akt inhibitors and expression of constitutively active mutant GSK-3βS9A reduced the SC5314-stimulated IL-1β production in LDOC1-deficient cells. These results indicate that the PI3K/Akt/pGSK-3β signaling contributes to LDOC1-mediated inhibition of microbe-induced IL-1β production, suggesting LDOC1 may determine the role of oral microbes in POH-associated OSCC. Abstract Poor oral hygiene (POH) is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oral microbes often proliferate due to POH. Array data show that LDOC1 plays a role in immunity against pathogens. We investigated whether LDOC1 regulates the production of oral microbe-induced IL-1β, an oncogenic proinflammatory cytokine in OSCC. We demonstrated the presence of Candida albicans (CA) in 11.3% of OSCC tissues (n = 80). CA and the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum stimulate higher levels of IL-1β secretion by LDOC1-deficient OSCC cells than by LDOC1-expressing oral cells. CA SC5314 increased OSCC incidence in 4-NQO (a synthetic tobacco carcinogen) and arecoline-cotreated mice. Loss and gain of LDOC1 function significantly increased and decreased, respectively, CA SC5314-induced IL-1β production in oral and OSCC cell lines. Mechanistic studies showed that LDOC1 deficiency increased active phosphorylated Akt upon CA SC5314 stimulation and subsequent inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3βS9 by activated Akt. PI3K and Akt inhibitors and expression of the constitutively active mutant GSK-3βS9A significantly reduced the CA SC5314-stimulated IL-1β production in LDOC1-deficient cells. These results indicate that the PI3K/Akt/pGSK-3β signaling pathway contributes to LDOC1-mediated inhibition of oral microbe-induced IL-1β production, suggesting that LDOC1 may determine the pathogenic role of oral microbes in POH-associated OSCC.
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Zhao Q, Yang T, Yan Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Yang J, Xia Y, Xiao H, Han H, Zhang C, Xue W, Zhao H, Chen H, Wang B. Alterations of Oral Microbiota in Chinese Patients With Esophageal Cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:541144. [PMID: 33194789 PMCID: PMC7609410 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.541144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports that oral microbiota are associated with health and diseases of the esophagus. How oral microbiota change in Chinese patients with esophageal cancer (EC) is unknown, neither is their biomarker role. For an objective to understand alterations of oral microbiota in Chinese EC patients, we conducted a case-control study including saliva samples from 39 EC patients and 51 healthy volunteers. 16S rDNA genes of V3-V4 variable regions were sequenced to identify taxon. Relationship between oral flora and disease was analyzed according to alpha diversity and beta diversity. Resultantly, the Shannon index (p = 0.2) and the Simpson diversity index (p = 0.071) were not significant between the two groups. Yet we still found several species different in abundance between the two groups. For the EC group, the most significantly increased taxa were Firmicutes, Negativicutes, Selenomonadales, Prevotellaceae, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae, while the most significantly decreased taxa were Proteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Neisseriales, Neisseriaceae, and Neisseria. In conclusion, there are significant alterations in abundance of some oral microbiomes between the EC patients and the healthy controls in the studied Chinese participants, which may be meaningful for predicting the development of EC, and the potential roles of these species in EC development deserve further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Yifan Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanli Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Hongli Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Hongfeng Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Chunfen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Weihong Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Hongyi Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Baoyong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
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Huybrechts I, Zouiouich S, Loobuyck A, Vandenbulcke Z, Vogtmann E, Pisanu S, Iguacel I, Scalbert A, Indave I, Smelov V, Gunter MJ, Michels N. The Human Microbiome in Relation to Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1856-1868. [PMID: 32727720 PMCID: PMC7541789 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has been hypothesized to play a role in cancer development. Because of the diversity of published data, an overview of available epidemiologic evidence linking the microbiome with cancer is now needed. We conducted a systematic review using a tailored search strategy in Medline and EMBASE databases to identify and summarize the current epidemiologic literature on the relationship between the microbiome and different cancer outcomes published until December 2019. We identified 124 eligible articles. The large diversity of parameters used to describe microbial composition made it impossible to harmonize the different studies in a way that would allow meta-analysis, therefore only a qualitative description of results could be performed. Fifty studies reported differences in the gut microbiome between patients with colorectal cancer and various control groups. The most consistent findings were for Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, and Peptostreptococcus being significantly enriched in fecal and mucosal samples from patients with colorectal cancer. For the oral microbiome, significantly increased and decreased abundance was reported for Fusobacterium and Streptococcus, respectively, in patients with oral cancer compared with controls. Overall, although there was a large amount of evidence for some of these alterations, most require validation in high-quality, preferably prospective, epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Semi Zouiouich
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Astrid Loobuyck
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zeger Vandenbulcke
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emily Vogtmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Silvia Pisanu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Isabel Iguacel
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Iciar Indave
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Vitaly Smelov
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-course, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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70
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Li Q, Hu Y, Zhou X, Liu S, Han Q, Cheng L. Role of Oral Bacteria in the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102797. [PMID: 33003438 PMCID: PMC7600411 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an invasive epithelial neoplasm that is influenced by various risk factors, with a low survival rate and an increasing death rate. In the past few years, with the verification of the close relationship between different types of cancers and the microbiome, research has focused on the compositional changes of oral bacteria and their role in OSCC. Generally, oral bacteria can participate in OSCC development by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, influencing normal apoptosis, facilitating invasion and metastasis, and assisting cancer stem cells. The study findings on the association between oral bacteria and OSCC may provide new insight into methods for early diagnosis and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qi Han
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (L.C.)
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71
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Early detection of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders: Experiences, practices, and beliefs of prosthodontists practicing in Saudi Arabia. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 126:569-574. [PMID: 32994033 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Data on the oral cancer screening skills and beliefs of prosthodontists practicing in Saudi Arabia are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this survey was to assess the beliefs, experiences, and practices of prosthodontists practicing in Saudi Arabia regarding the early detection of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted on prosthodontists practicing in Saudi Arabia. A 26-item questionnaire was sent to all eligible prosthodontists (N=250). The collected data were analyzed with a statistical software program. RESULTS The response rate was 57.2% (N=143). The majority of participants (79%) reported that they routinely examined all new patients for mucosal pathologies. However, only 58% reported that they examine their patients at recall visits, and only 61.5% stated that they provide tobacco use or smoking cessation advice. With regard to the respondents' experiences with suspicious mucosal lesions, the majority said that they had detected a suspicious lesion (79.7%) and had referred affected patients (83.2%) during their career. Most prosthodontists (65%) believed that they were able to detect oral cancer on their own, and 40% believed that they could influence their patients to stop smoking. A lack of training, confidence, time, and financial incentives were reported as barriers to oral cancer screening. CONCLUSIONS Most of the prosthodontists surveyed in this study appeared motivated to perform routine oral mucosal screening. However, more efforts are needed to help improve the attitudes, confidence, and skills of prosthodontists when it comes to identifying and referring suspicious oral mucosal lesions.
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72
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Teles FRF, Alawi F, Castilho RM, Wang Y. Association or Causation? Exploring the Oral Microbiome and Cancer Links. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1411-1424. [PMID: 32811287 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520945242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological investigations have found associations between poor oral health and different types of cancer, including colorectal, lung, pancreatic, and oral malignancies. The oral health parameters underlying these relationships include deficient oral hygiene, gingival bleeding, and bone and tooth loss. These parameters are related to periodontal diseases, which are directly and indirectly mediated by oral bacteria. Given the increased accessibility of microbial sequencing platforms, many recent studies have investigated the link between the oral microbiome and these cancers. Overall, it seems that oral dysbiotic states can contribute to tumorigenesis in the oral cavity as well as in distant body sites. Further, it appears that certain oral bacterial species can contribute to carcinogenesis, in particular, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, based on results from epidemiological as well as mechanistic studies. Yet, the strength of the findings from these investigations is hampered by the heterogeneity of the methods used to measure oral diseases, the treatment of confounding factors, the study design, the platforms employed for microbial analysis, and types of samples analyzed. Despite these limitations, there is an overall indication that the presence of oral dysbiosis that leads to oral diseases may directly and/or indirectly contribute to carcinogenesis. Proper methodological standardized approaches should be implemented in future epidemiological studies as well as in the mechanistic investigations carried out to explore these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R F Teles
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Phildelphia, PA, USA
| | - F Alawi
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R M Castilho
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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73
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Ramos RT, Sodré CS, de Sousa Rodrigues PMGR, da Silva AMP, Fuly MS, Dos Santos HF, Gonçalves LS, de Carvalho Ferreira D, Ribeiro MG. High-throughput nucleotide sequencing for bacteriome studies in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 24:387-401. [PMID: 32621033 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-020-00873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysbiosis has been identified in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of an electronic research that was carried out on articles published between January 2008 and September 2018. METHODS Eight studies were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS All articles targeted the hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. At the phylum level, it was found reduction of Bacteroidetes (2/8 studies) and increase of Firmicutes (2/8 studies). At the genus level, Rothia increased (1/8 studies) and decreased (2/8 studies) in tumor samples, and Streptococcus also was found increased (3/8 studies) and reduced (3/8 studies). Fusobacterium only increased in OSCC samples (3/8 studies). At species level, an increase in F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum was more associated to OSCC (2/8 studies) than with controls, as was P. aeruginosa (3/8 studies). CONCLUSION In summary, the results corroborated dysbiosis in OSCC patients, with enrichment of microbial taxa that are associated with inflammation and production of acetaldehyde. However, variations of study design and sample size were observed among the studies, as well as a shortage of more detailed analyses of possible correlations between risk habits and OSCC. This lack of more detailed analysis may be the cause of the inconsistencies in regard of the alterations reported for certain genera and species. In conclusion, there is an association between OSCC and oral microbiota dysbiosis, but its role in oral carcinogenesis needs to be clarified in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Tramontani Ramos
- Department of Medical Clinic, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Stofella Sodré
- Department of Medical Clinic, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milenna Silva Fuly
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcia Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Service of Medical Genetics, IPPMG - Martagão Gesteira Pediatric Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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74
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Shan YS, Chen LT, Wu JS, Chang YF, Lee CT, Wu CH, Chiang NJ, Huang HE, Yen CJ, Chao YJ, Tsai HJ, Chen CY, Kang JW, Kuo CF, Tsai CR, Weng YL, Yang HC, Liu HC, Chang JS. Validation of genome-wide association study-identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in a case-control study of pancreatic cancer from Taiwan. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:69. [PMID: 32456644 PMCID: PMC7251895 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to differences in genetic background, it is unclear whether the genetic loci identified by the previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of pancreatic cancer also play significant roles in the development of pancreatic cancer among the Taiwanese population. Methods This study aimed to validate the 25 pancreatic cancer GWAS-identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a case-control study (278 cases and 658 controls) of pancreatic cancer conducted in Taiwan. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the associations between the GWAS-identified SNPs and pancreatic cancer risk. Gene-environment interaction analysis was conducted to evaluate the interactions between SNPs and environmental factors on pancreatic cancer risk. Results Among the 25 GWAS-identified SNPs, 7 (rs2816938 (~ 11 kb upstream of NR5A2), rs10094872 (~ 28 kb upstream of MYC), rs9581943 (200 bp upstream of PDX1) and 4 chromosome 13q22.1 SNPs: rs4885093, rs9573163, rs9543325, rs9573166) showed a statistically significant association with pancreatic cancer risk in the current study. Additional analyses showed two significant gene-environment interactions (between poor oral hygiene and NR5A2 rs2816938 and between obesity and PDX1 rs9581943) on the risk of pancreatic cancer. Conclusions The current study confirmed the associations between 7 of the 25 GWAS-identified SNPs and pancreatic risk among the Taiwanese population. Furthermore, pancreatic cancer was jointly influenced by lifestyle and medical factors, genetic polymorphisms, and gene-environment interaction. Additional GWAS is needed to determine the genetic polymorphisms that are more relevant to the pancreatic cancer cases occurring in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Shen Shan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Ziyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shang Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Fan Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ting Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jung Chiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-En Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jui Chao
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jen Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Wen Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Fu Kuo
- Preventive Medicine Center, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, 88 Section 1, Fengxing Road, Tanzi District, Taichung, 427, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Rung Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Weng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chien Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chin Liu
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey S Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan.
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Zhang S, Huo X, Li M, Hou R, Cong X, Xu X. Oral antimicrobial activity weakened in children with electronic waste lead exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14763-14770. [PMID: 32056098 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental lead (Pb) exposure can induce dysbacteriosis, impair oral health, and is associated with the development of dental caries. However, the mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Pb toxicity on oral antimicrobial activity in children in an e-waste area. Results showed higher blood Pb levels in e-waste-exposed group children, accompanied by decreased saliva SAG (salivary agglutinin) concentrations, increased peripheral WBC (white blood cell) counts and monocyte counts, and elevated peripheral monocyte percentage. LnPb (natural logarithmic transformation of blood Pb level) was negatively correlated with saliva SAG concentration, while positively correlated with peripheral monocyte percentage. Saliva SAG concentration played a complete mediating role in the correlation of LnPb to peripheral monocyte percentage. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the relationship of environmental Pb exposure and oral antimicrobial activity in children, showing that environmental Pb exposure may weaken oral antimicrobial activity through reducing saliva SAG concentration, which may raise the risk of oral dysbacteriosis and ultimately pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruikun Hou
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowei Cong
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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76
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Li Z, Liu FY, Kirkwood KL. The p38/MKP-1 signaling axis in oral cancer: Impact of tumor-associated macrophages. Oral Oncol 2020; 103:104591. [PMID: 32058294 PMCID: PMC7136140 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) constitute over 95% of all head and neck malignancies. As a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), chronic inflammation contributes towards the development, progression, and regional metastasis of OSCC. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) associated with OSSC promote tumorigenesis through the production of cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors that are critical role in the various steps of malignant transformation, including tumor growth, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) can regulate inflammation along with a wide range of cellular processes including cell metabolism, proliferation, motility, apoptosis, survival, differentiation and play a crucial role in cell growth and survival in physiological and pathological processes including innate and adaptive immune responses. Dual specificity MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) deactivates MAPKs. MKPs are considered as an important feedback control mechanism that limits MAPK signaling and subsequent target gene expression. This review outlines the role of MKP-1, the founding member of the MKP family, in OSCC and the TME. Herein, we summarize recent progress in understanding the regulation of p38 MAPK/MKP-1 signaling pathways via TAM-related immune responses in OSCC development, progression and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Li
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Fa-yu Liu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Keith L. Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Head and Neck/Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Periodontitis, oral hygiene habits, and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers: a case-control study in Maharashtra, India. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 129:339-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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78
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Belstrøm D. The salivary microbiota in health and disease. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1723975. [PMID: 32128039 PMCID: PMC7034443 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1723975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary microbiota (SM), comprising bacteria shed from oral surfaces, has been shown to be individualized, temporally stable and influenced by diet and lifestyle. SM reflects local bacterial alterations of the supragingival and subgingival microbiota, and periodontitis and dental-caries associated characteristics of SM have been reported. Also, data suggest an impact of systemic diseases on SM as demonstrated in patients with a wide variety of systemic diseases including diabetes, cancer, HIV and rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of systemic diseases seems to influence salivary levels of specific bacterial species, as well as α- and β-diversity of SM. The composition of SM might thereby potentially mirror oral and general health status. The contentious development of advanced molecular techniques such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metabolomics has enabled the possibility to address bacterial functions rather than presence in microbial samples. However, at present only a few studies have employed such techniques on SM to reveal functional and metabolic characteristics in oral health and disease. Future studies are therefore warranted to illuminate the possible impact of metabolic functions of SM on oral and general health status. Ultimately, such an approach has the possibility to reveal novel and personalized therapeutic avenues in oral and general medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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79
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Zheng HJ, Zhang CP. The Oral Microbiota May Have Influence on Oral Cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:476. [PMID: 32010645 PMCID: PMC6974454 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiota plays an important role in the human microbiome and human health, and imbalances between microbes and their hosts can lead to oral and systemic diseases and chronic inflammation, which is usually caused by bacteria and contributes to cancer. There may be a relationship between oral bacteria and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); however, this relationship has not been thoroughly characterized. Therefore, in this study, we compared the microbiota compositions between tumor sites and opposite normal tissues in buccal mucosal of 50 patients with OSCC using the 16S rDNA sequencing. Richness and diversity of bacteria were significantly higher in tumor sites than in the control tissues. Cancer tissues were enriched in six families (Prevotellaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Campylobacteraceae) and 13 genera, including Fusobacterium, Alloprevotella and Porphyromonas. At the species level, the abundances of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Aggregatibacter segnis, Capnocytophaga leadbetteri, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, and another five species were significantly increased, suggesting a potential association between these bacteria and OSCC. Furthermore, the functional prediction revealed that genes involved in bacterial chemotaxis, flagellar assembly and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis which are associated with various pathological processes, were significantly increased in the OSCC group. Overall, oral bacterial profiles showed significant difference between cancer sites and normal tissue of OSCC patients, which might be onsidered diagnostic markers and treatment targets. Our study has been registered in the Chinese clinical trial registry (ChiCTR1900025253, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Jun Zheng
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Ping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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80
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Panda M, Rai AK, Rahman T, Das A, Das R, Sarma A, Kataki AC, Chattopadhyay I. Alterations of salivary microbial community associated with oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:785-805. [PMID: 31832691 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The highest number (35.1% of global incident cases) of new oropharyngeal (OP) and hypopharyngeal (HP) cancer cases was reported in South-Central Asia. The highest incidence of HP cancer in India was reported in East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, Aizawl District of Mizoram, and Kamrup Urban District of Assam. HP and OP cancer showed the highest mortality rate, worst prognoses and the highest rate of nodal metastases and distant metastases. Thus, research is required to detect specific biomarkers for early prevention and diagnosis for these cancers. Oral microbiome signatures in saliva are considered as a potential diagnostic biomarker for OP and HP cancer. Bacterial profile alterations in OP and HP cancer have not been reported in India population, to establish the association of oral bacteria in the progression of OP and HP cancer; we studied bacterial communities in saliva of eight OP and seven HP cancer patients as compared to healthy controls using 16S rRNA V3-V4 region sequencing. The higher abundance of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus influenzae and Prevotella copri and lower abundance of Rothia mucilaginosa, Aggregatibacter segnis, Veillonella dispar, Prevotella nanceiensis, Rothia aeria, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Neisseria bacilliformis, Prevotella nigrescens and Selenomonas noxia in saliva of OP and HP cancer patients may be considered as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for OP and HP cancer patients. Streptococcus anginosus may be considered as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for OP cancer patients only. Therefore, evaluation of salivary microbial biomarkers may be informative to understand the pathobiology and carcinogenesis of OP and HP cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Panda
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India
| | - Avdhesh Kumar Rai
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Tashnin Rahman
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Ashok Das
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Rajjyoti Das
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Amal Ch Kataki
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India.
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81
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Geng F, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Zhang S, Pan Y. Fusobacterium nucleatum Caused DNA Damage and Promoted Cell Proliferation by the Ku70/ p53 Pathway in Oral Cancer Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 39:144-151. [PMID: 31765243 PMCID: PMC6978777 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection influences genomic stability and integrity by causing DNA damage, which increases the possibility of tumor initiation and development. We aimed to investigate whether Fusobacterium nucleatum, one of the periodontal pathogens, promoted oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by causing DNA double-strand break (DSB). Tca8113 tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells were infected with F. nucleatum. The expression of γH2AX was detected by western blots and immunofluorescence. The proliferation and cell cycle alterations were tested by CCK8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression levels of Ku70, p53, and p27 were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blots. A plasmid was used for the overexpression of Ku70 to verify the possible relationship between Ku70 and p53. We confirmed the presence of DSBs in the response to F. nucleatum by detecting the expression of γH2AX. The cell proliferation ability was increased with an accelerated cell cycle while the expression of p27 was decreased. Meanwhile, the expression of Ku70 and wild p53 was downregulated. When Ku70 was overexpressed, the expression of wild p53 in response to F. nucleatum infection was upregulated and cell proliferation was accordingly inhibited. We concluded that F. nucleatum infection promoted the proliferation ability of Tca8113 by causing DNA damage via the Ku70/p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxue Geng
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunjia Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ze Lu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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82
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Bao X, Chen F, Lin J, Chen Q, Chen L, Wang R, Liu F, Wang J, Yan L, Lin L, Qiu Y, Pan L, Bin Shi, Zheng X, He B. Association between dietary inflammatory index and the risk of oral cancer in the southeast of China. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:938-944. [PMID: 31575972 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of the potential inflammatory effects of diet using the Energy adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) for oral cancer. SUBJECTS/METHODS A case-control study including 295 oral cancer cases and 425 controls from September 2010 to June 2018 was performed in Fujian Province, China. The E-DII was calculated based on the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and adjusted by total energy intake. The association between E-DII and the risk of oral cancer was estimated with unconditional logistic regression model. RESULTS Compared with E-DII score in the lowest quartile, those with E-DII score in the fourth quartile were at the higher risk of oral cancer (OR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.54, 4.29, Ptrend = 0.013). When analyses were carried out using E-DII as a continuous variable, one-unit increase in E-DII increased the odds of having oral cancer by 3% (95% CI: 1.00, 1.06). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between the E-DII and oral hygiene for oral cancer (Pinteraction < 0.001, in those without and with poor hygiene, the OR (95% CI) were 1.96 (0.96, 4.00) and 4.23 (1.83, 9.81), respectively). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that the higher E-DII score, indicated a pro-inflammatory diet, may be a risk factor for oral cancer in southeast of China. More large samples and prospective studies need to validate our results and explore the prevention strategies of oral cancer via changing dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Bao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fa Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fengqiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory Center, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingjun Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lisong Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baochang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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83
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Picardo SL, Coburn B, Hansen AR. The microbiome and cancer for clinicians. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 141:1-12. [PMID: 31202124 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome is an emerging target in cancer development and therapeutics. It may be directly oncogenic, through promotion of mucosal inflammation or systemic dysregulation, or may alter anti-cancer immunity/therapy. Microorganisms within, adjacent to and distant from tumors may affect cancer progression, and interactions and differences between these populations can influence the course of disease. Here we review the microbiome as it pertains to cancer for clinicians. The microbiota of cancers including colorectal, pancreas, breast and prostate are discussed. We examine "omics" technologies, microbiota associated with tumor tissue and tumor-site fluids such as feces and urine, as well as indirect effects of the gut microbiome. We describe roles of the microbiome in immunotherapy, and how it can be modulated to improve cancer therapeutics. While research is still at an early stage, there is potential to exploit the microbiome, as modulation may increase efficacy of treatments, reduce toxicities and prevent carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Picardo
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A1, Canada.
| | - Bryan Coburn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A1, Canada.
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84
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Lin YH, Ou CY, Lee WT, Lee YC, Chang TY, Yen YT. Treatment outcomes for one-stage concurrent surgical resection and reconstruction of synchronous esophageal and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:2929-2940. [PMID: 31332550 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is not uncommon to see the synchronous presentation of esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) and head and neck cancer (HNC), and most patients were treated with staged interventions. This study retrospectively reported the outcomes of patients with synchronous ESCC and HNC treated with one-stage concurrent surgical resection and reconstruction. METHODS We identified 17 consecutive patients with synchronous ESCC and HNC undergoing primary concurrent surgical resections between 2011 and 2017 at our hospital. All patients had received esophageal screenings prior to treatment. RESULTS The HNC patients in this study had the following subsite involvements: oral cavity (n = 5), oropharynx (n = 4), larynx (n = 1), hypopharynx (n = 9), and thyroid gland (n = 1). Eighty percent of the HNC subsites (16/20) were treated in advanced stages, while most ESCCs were treated at early stages. The mean follow-up time was 3.2 ± 1.6 years. Surgery-associated morbidity and mortality were 94.1% and 0%, respectively, and the most common complication was anastomotic leakage. The two-year overall survival, 2-year loco-regional recurrence-free survival, and 2-year distant metastasis-free survival were 86.7%, 85.6%, and 78.7%, respectively. No significant difference was found between overall survival and HNC subsite or anastomotic leakage. Four patients (23.5%) developed secondary primary malignancies (SPMs) within a mean follow-up period of 2.9 years (standard deviation 1.6 years). CONCLUSION Although one-stage concurrent surgical resection and reconstruction of synchronous ESCC and HNC were highly invasive and complicated, survival was promising. Isolated distant metastasis remained the most common failure pattern. Vigilant follow-up strategy is mandatory to detect secondary primary malignancies (SPMs), especially within the first 3 years following initial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Ou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao -Chou Lee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu -Yen Chang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Yen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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85
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Sharma U, Singhal P, Bandil K, Patle R, Kumar A, Neyaz K, Bose S, Kumar Dewan A, Mehrotra R, Sharma V, Bharadwaj M. Genetic variations of TLRs and their association with HPV/EBV, co-infection along with nicotine exposure in the development of premalignant/malignant lesions of the oral cavity in Indian population. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 61:38-49. [PMID: 31129425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being most preventable malignancies associated with smoked and smokeless tobacco products, squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity is one of the most common malignancy in India. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of TLRs in oral pre-cancerous, cancerous cases and their genotypic correlation with HPV/EBV, co-infection & lifestyle habits in Indian population. METHODS The present study was conducted on 300 subjects (100 OSCC, 50 pre-cancer & 150 controls). The amplification of TLRs gene and HPV/EBV co-infection was assessed by Nested PCR, PCR-RFLP and further confirmation by direct sequencing. RESULTS The TLR 9(-1486 T/C), revealed that the TT vs. CT + CC genotype had a ˜5-fold increased risk for the development of pre-cancerous lesions as compared to controls (p = 0.0001). Further analysis showed that the risk of cancer was extremely pronounced in HPV/EBV, co-infection (p = 0.0141), implicating the possible interaction between TLR 9(-1486T/C) genotype and HPV infection in increasing cancer/pre-cancer risk. The 'G' allele of TLR 4(+896A/G) was also a higher risk of developing pre-cancerous lesions with 4.5 fold and statistically significant (p = 0.0001). The genotypic association of TLR 9(-1486T/C) in OSMF cases showed ˜8 fold increased risk and TLR 4(+896A/G) showed fourteen fold higher risk for leukoplakia (p < 0.0001, OR = 14.000). CONCLUSION Genetic polymorphism of TLR 9(-1486 T/C) and TLR 4(+896A/G) may influence the effects of HPV/EBV, co-infection and play the significant role in development of the disease. The significance of these TLRs seemed to be enhanced by tobacco chewing and smoking habits also, which act as an important etiological risk factor for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upma Sharma
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pallavi Singhal
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Kapil Bandil
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Rajeshwar Patle
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India; National Institute of Biologicals, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kausar Neyaz
- Human Diagnostics R & D, DSS Imagetech Private Limited, New Delhi, India
| | - Surojit Bose
- Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Dewan
- Department of Surgical Oncology & Department of Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Veena Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India.
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86
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Ganly I, Yang L, Giese RA, Hao Y, Nossa CW, Morris LGT, Rosenthal M, Migliacci J, Kelly D, Tseng W, Hu J, Li H, Brown S, Pei Z. Periodontal pathogens are a risk factor of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, independent of tobacco and alcohol and human papillomavirus. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:775-784. [PMID: 30671943 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a change in the epidemiology of oral cavity squamous cell cancer (OC-SCC). Many new cases of OC-SCC lack the recognized risk factors of smoking, alcohol and human papilloma virus. The aim of this study was to determine if the oral microbiome may be associated with OC-SCC in nonsmoking HPV negative patients. We compared the oral microbiome of HPV-negative nonsmoker OC-SCC(n = 18), premalignant lesions(PML) (n = 8) and normal control patients (n = 12). Their oral microbiome was sampled by oral wash and defined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We report that the periodontal pathogens Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Alloprevotella were enriched while commensal Streptococcus depleted in OC-SCC. Based on the four genera plus a marker genus Veillonella for PML, we classified the oral microbiome into two types. Gene/pathway analysis revealed a progressive increase of genes encoding HSP90 and ligands for TLRs 1, 2 and 4 along the controls→PML → OC-SCC progression sequence. Our findings suggest an association between periodontal pathogens and OC-SCC in non smoking HPV negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Ganly
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Liying Yang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Rachel A Giese
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yuhan Hao
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY
| | | | - Luc G T Morris
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Matthew Rosenthal
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jocelyn Migliacci
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Dervla Kelly
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Wenzhi Tseng
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jiyuan Hu
- Department of Population Health and the Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health and the Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Stuart Brown
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Zhiheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY
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87
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Chattopadhyay I, Verma M, Panda M. Role of Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Oral Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819867354. [PMID: 31370775 PMCID: PMC6676258 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819867354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancement in cancer treatment, oral cancer has a poor prognosis and is often detected at late stage. To overcome these challenges, investigators should search for early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. More than 700 bacterial species reside in the oral cavity. The oral microbiome population varies by saliva and different habitats of oral cavity. Tobacco, alcohol, and betel nut, which are causative factors of oral cancer, may alter the oral microbiome composition. Both pathogenic and commensal strains of bacteria have significantly contributed to oral cancer. Numerous bacterial species in the oral cavity are involved in chronic inflammation that lead to development of oral carcinogenesis. Bacterial products and its metabolic by-products may induce permanent genetic alterations in epithelial cells of the host that drive proliferation and/or survival of epithelial cells. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum induce production of inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis, cellular invasion, and migration thorough host cell genomic alterations. Recent advancement in metagenomic technologies may be useful in identifying oral cancer-related microbiome, their genomes, virulence properties, and their interaction with host immunity. It is very important to address which bacterial species is responsible for driving oral carcinogenesis. Alteration in the oral commensal microbial communities have potential application as a diagnostic tool to predict oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clinicians should be aware that the protective properties of the resident microflora are beneficial to define treatment strategies. To develop highly precise and effective therapeutic approaches, identification of specific oral microbiomes may be required. In this review, we narrate the role of microbiome in the progression of oral cancer and its role as an early diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Verma
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Madhusmita Panda
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
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