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Li Y, Sun F, Zhang W. Bedaquiline and delamanid in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: Promising but challenging. Drug Dev Res 2018; 80:98-105. [PMID: 30548290 PMCID: PMC6590425 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Improving treatment outcomes in multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) is partly hampered by inadequate effective antitubercular agents. Development of bedaquiline and delamanid has potentially changed the treatment landscape for MDR‐TB. This review provides an update on the progress of these novel antitubercular agents. We review published studies aimed at evaluating clinical efficacy and effectiveness of bedaquiline and delamanid. Five prospective clinical studies and seven retrospective studies on bedaquiline showed that patients treated with a bedaquiline‐containing regimen had a high culture conversion rate ranging from 65 to 100% and a satisfactory treatment outcome. The combined use with linezolid might add to the effectiveness of bedaquiline. Controversies about bedaquiline resistance are discussed. Three clinical trials have reported outcomes on delamanid and showed that introducing delamanid to a background regimen improved culture conversion rate at 2 months from 29.6% to more than 40%. A higher favorable treatment rate was also observed among patients who received delamanid for more than 6 months, but about a quarter of patients defaulted in the control group. Seven retrospective studies were summarized and found a treatment benefit as well. More reliable evidence from randomized clinical trials reporting on the treatment outcomes is needed urgently to support a strong recommendation for the use of delamanid. Advances in the combined use of bedaquiline and delamanid are also reviewed, and the combination may be well tolerated but requires electrocardiograph monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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52
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Lee BS, Kalia NP, Jin XEF, Hasenoehrl EJ, Berney M, Pethe K. Inhibitors of energy metabolism interfere with antibiotic-induced death in mycobacteria. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1936-1943. [PMID: 30530783 PMCID: PMC6369303 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism has recently gained interest as a target space for antibiotic drug development in mycobacteria. Of particular importance is bedaquiline (Sirturo), which kills mycobacteria by inhibiting the F1F0 ATP synthase. Other components of the electron transport chain such as the NADH dehydrogenases (NDH-2 and NdhA) and the terminal respiratory oxidase bc1:aa3 are also susceptible to chemical inhibition. Because antituberculosis drugs are prescribed as part of combination therapies, the interaction between novel drugs targeting energy metabolism and classical first and second line antibiotics must be considered to maximize treatment efficiency. Here, we show that subinhibitory concentration of drugs targeting the F1F0 ATP synthase and the cytochrome bc1:aa3, as well as energy uncouplers, interfere with the bactericidal potency of isoniazid and moxifloxacin. Isoniazid- and moxifloxacin-induced mycobacterial death correlated with a transient increase in intracellular ATP that was dissipated by co-incubation with energy metabolism inhibitors. Although oxidative phosphorylation is a promising target space for drug development, a better understanding of the link between energy metabolism and antibiotic-induced mycobacterial death is essential to develop potent drug combinations for the treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Shi Lee
- From the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Nitin P Kalia
- the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, and
| | - Xin Er F Jin
- the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, and
| | - Erik J Hasenoehrl
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Michael Berney
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Kevin Pethe
- From the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, .,the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, and
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53
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Park S, Lee KM, Kim I, Mok J. The use of bedaquiline to treat patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and end-stage renal disease: A case report. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 76:88-90. [PMID: 30244076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of bedaquiline to treat patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) may raise safety concerns. Currently, no clinical information is available on the use of bedaquiline to treat MDR-TB patients with ESRD. We report the use of bedaquiline to treat two patients with MDR-TB and ESRD. This report highlights the safety and tolerability of bedaquiline as well as the treatment outcome. The use of bedaquiline in patients with ESRD is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongha Mok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.
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54
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Ahmad N, Ahuja SD, Akkerman OW, Alffenaar JWC, Anderson LF, Baghaei P, Bang D, Barry PM, Bastos ML, Behera D, Benedetti A, Bisson GP, Boeree MJ, Bonnet M, Brode SK, Brust JCM, Cai Y, Caumes E, Cegielski JP, Centis R, Chan PC, Chan ED, Chang KC, Charles M, Cirule A, Dalcolmo MP, D'Ambrosio L, de Vries G, Dheda K, Esmail A, Flood J, Fox GJ, Fréchet-Jachym M, Fregona G, Gayoso R, Gegia M, Gler MT, Gu S, Guglielmetti L, Holtz TH, Hughes J, Isaakidis P, Jarlsberg L, Kempker RR, Keshavjee S, Khan FA, Kipiani M, Koenig SP, Koh WJ, Kritski A, Kuksa L, Kvasnovsky CL, Kwak N, Lan Z, Lange C, Laniado-Laborín R, Lee M, Leimane V, Leung CC, Leung ECC, Li PZ, Lowenthal P, Maciel EL, Marks SM, Mase S, Mbuagbaw L, Migliori GB, Milanov V, Miller AC, Mitnick CD, Modongo C, Mohr E, Monedero I, Nahid P, Ndjeka N, O'Donnell MR, Padayatchi N, Palmero D, Pape JW, Podewils LJ, Reynolds I, Riekstina V, Robert J, Rodriguez M, Seaworth B, Seung KJ, Schnippel K, Shim TS, Singla R, Smith SE, Sotgiu G, Sukhbaatar G, Tabarsi P, Tiberi S, Trajman A, Trieu L, Udwadia ZF, van der Werf TS, Veziris N, Viiklepp P, Vilbrun SC, Walsh K, Westenhouse J, Yew WW, Yim JJ, Zetola NM, Zignol M, Menzies D. Treatment correlates of successful outcomes in pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Lancet 2018; 392:821-834. [PMID: 30215381 PMCID: PMC6463280 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis remain poor. We aimed to estimate the association of treatment success and death with the use of individual drugs, and the optimal number and duration of treatment with those drugs in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. METHODS In this individual patient data meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify potentially eligible observational and experimental studies published between Jan 1, 2009, and April 30, 2016. We also searched reference lists from all systematic reviews of treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis published since 2009. To be eligible, studies had to report original results, with end of treatment outcomes (treatment completion [success], failure, or relapse) in cohorts of at least 25 adults (aged >18 years). We used anonymised individual patient data from eligible studies, provided by study investigators, regarding clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. Using propensity score-matched generalised mixed effects logistic, or linear regression, we calculated adjusted odds ratios and adjusted risk differences for success or death during treatment, for specific drugs currently used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, as well as the number of drugs used and treatment duration. FINDINGS Of 12 030 patients from 25 countries in 50 studies, 7346 (61%) had treatment success, 1017 (8%) had failure or relapse, and 1729 (14%) died. Compared with failure or relapse, treatment success was positively associated with the use of linezolid (adjusted risk difference 0·15, 95% CI 0·11 to 0·18), levofloxacin (0·15, 0·13 to 0·18), carbapenems (0·14, 0·06 to 0·21), moxifloxacin (0·11, 0·08 to 0·14), bedaquiline (0·10, 0·05 to 0·14), and clofazimine (0·06, 0·01 to 0·10). There was a significant association between reduced mortality and use of linezolid (-0·20, -0·23 to -0·16), levofloxacin (-0·06, -0·09 to -0·04), moxifloxacin (-0·07, -0·10 to -0·04), or bedaquiline (-0·14, -0·19 to -0·10). Compared with regimens without any injectable drug, amikacin provided modest benefits, but kanamycin and capreomycin were associated with worse outcomes. The remaining drugs were associated with slight or no improvements in outcomes. Treatment outcomes were significantly worse for most drugs if they were used despite in-vitro resistance. The optimal number of effective drugs seemed to be five in the initial phase, and four in the continuation phase. In these adjusted analyses, heterogeneity, based on a simulated I2 method, was high for approximately half the estimates for specific drugs, although relatively low for number of drugs and durations analyses. INTERPRETATION Although inferences are limited by the observational nature of these data, treatment outcomes were significantly better with use of linezolid, later generation fluoroquinolones, bedaquiline, clofazimine, and carbapenems for treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. These findings emphasise the need for trials to ascertain the optimal combination and duration of these drugs for treatment of this condition. FUNDING American Thoracic Society, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, European Respiratory Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafees Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Baluchistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Shama D Ahuja
- Bureau of Tuberculosis Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, NY, USA
| | - Onno W Akkerman
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Tuberculosis Centre Beatrixoord, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem C Alffenaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Laura F Anderson
- Global Tuberculosis Program, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Parvaneh Baghaei
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Didi Bang
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pennan M Barry
- Tuberculosis Control Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, CA, USA
| | - Mayara L Bastos
- Social Medicine Institute, Epidemiology Department, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Digamber Behera
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research & Capacity Building in Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Chandigarh, India; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregory P Bisson
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin J Boeree
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medicale Centre Nijmegen and Dekkerswald Radboudumc Groesbeek, Netherlands
| | - Maryline Bonnet
- Epicentre MSF, Paris, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement UM233, INSERM U1175, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah K Brode
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, University of Toronto, West Park Healthcare Centre, University Health Network, and Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James C M Brust
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying Cai
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Caumes
- AP-HP, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - J Peter Cegielski
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rosella Centis
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy
| | - Pei-Chun Chan
- Division of Chronic Infectious Diseases, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Edward D Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA; VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kwok-Chiu Chang
- Department of Health, Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Macarthur Charles
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Haiti Country Office, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Andra Cirule
- Centre of TB and Lung Diseases, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Lia D'Ambrosio
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy; Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gerard de Vries
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands; KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Keertan Dheda
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Department of Medicine & UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aliasgar Esmail
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Department of Medicine & UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Flood
- Tuberculosis Control Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, CA, USA
| | - Gregory J Fox
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Geisa Fregona
- University Federal of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Medea Gegia
- Global Tuberculosis Program, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Sue Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lorenzo Guglielmetti
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI; INSERM U1135/UMRS CR7/CNRS ERL 8255), Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Sanatorium, Centre Hospitalier de Bligny, Briis-sous-Forges, France
| | - Timothy H Holtz
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Leah Jarlsberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Russell R Kempker
- Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Salmaan Keshavjee
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Faiz Ahmad Khan
- Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maia Kipiani
- National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Serena P Koenig
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Haitian Study Group for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Won-Jung Koh
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Afranio Kritski
- Academic Tuberculosis Program, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liga Kuksa
- Department of MDR TB, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Charlotte L Kvasnovsky
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Nakwon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zhiyi Lan
- Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Clinical Tuberculosis Unit, Borstel, Germany; International Health/Infectious Diseases, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Myungsun Lee
- Clinical Research Section, International Tuberculosis Research Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Vaira Leimane
- Centre of TB and Lung Diseases, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Chi-Chiu Leung
- Department of Health, Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eric Chung-Ching Leung
- Department of Health, Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Pei Zhi Li
- Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Phil Lowenthal
- Tuberculosis Control Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, CA, USA
| | | | - Suzanne M Marks
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sundari Mase
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Regional WHO Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni B Migliori
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy
| | - Vladimir Milanov
- Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, University Hospital for Respiratory Diseases "St. Sofia", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ann C Miller
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carole D Mitnick
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Erika Mohr
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Khayelitsha, South Africa
| | - Ignacio Monedero
- TB-HIV Department, International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Payam Nahid
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Norbert Ndjeka
- National TB Programme, South African National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Max R O'Donnell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nesri Padayatchi
- CAPRISA, MRC TB-HIV Treatment and Pathogenesis Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Domingo Palmero
- Pulmonology Division, Municipal Hospital F J Munĩz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean William Pape
- Haitian Study Group for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti; Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura J Podewils
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ian Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vija Riekstina
- Centre of TB and Lung Diseases, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jérôme Robert
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI; INSERM U1135/UMRS CR7/CNRS ERL 8255), Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Barbara Seaworth
- Heartland National TB Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | | | - Kathryn Schnippel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tae Sun Shim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rupak Singla
- National Institute of Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarah E Smith
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simon Tiberi
- Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK; Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anete Trajman
- Social Medicine Institute, Epidemiology Department, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Academic Tuberculosis Program, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lisa Trieu
- Bureau of Tuberculosis Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, NY, USA
| | | | - Tjip S van der Werf
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Veziris
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI; INSERM U1135/UMRS CR7/CNRS ERL 8255), Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Piret Viiklepp
- Estonian Tuberculosis Registry, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Stalz Charles Vilbrun
- Haitian Study Group for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Kathleen Walsh
- Haitian Study Group for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Janice Westenhouse
- Tuberculosis Control Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, CA, USA
| | - Wing-Wai Yew
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Matteo Zignol
- Global Tuberculosis Program, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dick Menzies
- Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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55
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Roh HF, Kim J, Nam SH, Kim JM. Pulmonary resection for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis based on survival outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018; 52:673-678. [PMID: 29156011 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the survival benefit of pulmonary resection for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. To weigh the survival benefit of pulmonary resection for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis who have undergone surgical treatment combined with medical chemotherapy compared with medical chemotherapy alone, we did a meta-analysis of available studies containing a hazard ratio for pulmonary resection. Among 1726 articles, 6 clinical reports, with a mean sample size of 47 patients per report, met the inclusion criteria. The pooled hazard ratio of 0.68 with a 95% confidence interval of approximately 0.44-1.07 suggested that the survival benefit of surgical pulmonary resection combined with chemotherapy, in a comparison of the groups 'with surgery' and 'without surgery', is not significantly greater than that of chemotherapy alone. Selection bias, due to the absence of rigid predetermined indications for pulmonary resection, limited the validity of this analysis. Due to the heterogeneity of the patient groups, greater attention is required to compute additional hazard ratios in future studies with stratification of factors such as cardiopulmonary functions, disease extent and the presence of a cavity. These additional computations in future studies are necessary to determine the survival benefit and to support the rigid surgical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsuk Frank Roh
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyuk Nam
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyunggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Mogg Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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56
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Effect of bedaquiline on mortality in South African patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: a retrospective cohort study. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2018; 6:699-706. [PMID: 30001994 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addition of bedaquiline to treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was associated with an increased risk of death in a phase 2b clinical trial, resulting in caution from WHO. Following a compassionate access programme and local regulatory approval, the South African National Tuberculosis Programme began widespread use of bedaquiline in March, 2015, especially among patients with extensively drug resistant tuberculosis for whom no other effective treatment options were available. We aimed to compare mortality in patients on standard regimens with that of patients on regimens including bedaquiline. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we analysed patient data from the South African rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis case register (EDRweb), and identified additional mortality using the national vital statistics register. We excluded patients who started treatment before July 1, 2014, or after March 31, 2016; patients younger than 15 years or older than 75 years; patients without documented rifampicin resistance, and patients with pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with further resistance to a second-line injectable or fluoroquinolone). We compared all-cause mortality between patients who received bedaquiline in treatment regimens and those who did not. Patients who did not receive bedaquiline had kanamycin or capreomycin and moxifloxacin as core medicines in their regimen. We estimated hazard ratios for mortality separately for multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and adjusted using propensity score quintile strata for the potential confounders of sex, age, HIV and antiretroviral therapy status, history of prior tuberculosis, valid identification number, and year and province of treatment. FINDINGS 24 014 tuberculosis cases were registered in the EDRweb between July 1, 2014, and March 31, 2016. Of these, 19 617 patients initiated treatment and met our analysis eligibility criteria. A bedaquiline-containing regimen was given to 743 (4·0%) of 18 542 patients with multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and 273 (25·4%) of 1075 patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Among 1016 patients who received bedaquiline, 128 deaths (12·6%) were reported, and there were 4612 deaths (24·8%) among 18 601 patients on the standard regimens. Bedaquiline was associated with a reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality for patients with multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (hazard ratio [HR] 0·35, 95% CI 0·28-0·46) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (0·26, 0·18-0·38) compared with standard regimens. INTERPRETATION Our retrospective cohort analysis of routinely reported data in the context of high HIV and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis prevalence showed that bedaquiline-based treatment regimens were associated with a large reduction in mortality in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis, compared with the standard regimen. FUNDING None.
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Chang KC, Nuermberger E, Sotgiu G, Leung CC. New drugs and regimens for tuberculosis. Respirology 2018; 23:978-990. [PMID: 29917287 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since standardized rifampin-based first-line regimens and fluoroquinolone-based second-line regimens were used to treat tuberculosis (TB), unfortunately without timely modification according to the drug resistance profile, TB and drug-resistant disease are still important public health threats worldwide. Although the last decade has witnessed advances in rapid diagnostic tools and use of repurposed and novel drugs for better managing drug-resistant TB, we need an appropriate TB control strategy and a well-functioning health infrastructure to ensure optimal operational use of rapid tests, judicious use of effective treatment regimens that can be rapidly tailored according to the drug resistance profile and timely management of risk factors and co-morbidities that promote infection and its progression to disease. We searched the published literature to discuss (i) standardized versus individualized therapies, including the choice between a single one-size-fit-all regimen versus different options with different key drugs determined mainly by rapid drug susceptibility testing, (ii) alternative regimens for managing drug-susceptible TB, (iii) evidence for using the World Health Organization (WHO) longer and shorter regimens for multidrug-resistant TB and (iv) evidence for using repurposed and novel drugs. We hope an easily applicable combination of biomarkers that accurately predict individual treatment outcome will soon be available to ultimately guide individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Chiu Chang
- Department of Health, Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Chi-Chiu Leung
- Department of Health, Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Hong Kong, China
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Gaborit BJ, Revest M, Roblot F, Maakaroun-Vermesse Z, Bemer P, Guimard T, Raffi F, Bourigault C, Boutoille D. Characteristics and outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a low-incidence area. Med Mal Infect 2018; 48:457-464. [PMID: 29887187 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2018.04.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients treated in a low endemic area in France and to determine risk factors for resistance. We also analyzed the efficacy and tolerability of tuberculosis (TB) treatment. METHODS Between 2002-2013, all MDR-TB patients diagnosed in western France (hospitals belonging to the GERICCO group) were retrospectively included, with a follow-up period running until 2016. A case-control study (1:2), matched according to age, sex, and year of diagnosis, was performed to assess socio-demographic and clinical data, treatment strategies, and outcomes for the MDR-TB patients and controls treated for drug-susceptible tuberculosis during the same period. RESULTS Of 134 TB patients, 44 were MDR-TB and 90 were drug-susceptible TB. Of the 44 MDR-TB patients (35 MDR and nine extensively drug-resistant [XDR]), 33 (75%) were males; the median age was 33 years; and 27 (61%) were born in Eastern Europe. Prior treatment failure was more frequently reported for XDR-TB (8/9) in Georgian patients. In multivariate analysis, risk contacts and prior TB history were associated with MDR-TB. Treatment failure was associated with MDR/XDR-TB and miliary TB. CONCLUSION In western France, MDR-TB more frequently occurred in recent migrants from high-risk countries with a previous history of at-risk contact with other MDR-TB patients or previous TB treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Gaborit
- Inserm, CIC 1413, service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Nantes, 1, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - M Revest
- CIC-Inserm 1414, service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Rennes, université de Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - F Roblot
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Poitiers, 66021 Poitiers, France
| | - Z Maakaroun-Vermesse
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - P Bemer
- Service de microbiologie, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - T Guimard
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalier départemental de la Vendée, 85000 Vendée, France
| | - F Raffi
- Inserm, CIC 1413, service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Nantes, 1, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - C Bourigault
- Inserm, CIC 1413, service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Nantes, 1, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - D Boutoille
- Inserm, CIC 1413, service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Nantes, 1, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44000 Nantes, France
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Olayanju O, Limberis J, Esmail A, Oelofse S, Gina P, Pietersen E, Fadul M, Warren R, Dheda K. Long-term bedaquiline-related treatment outcomes in patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis from South Africa. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:13993003.00544-2018. [PMID: 29700106 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00544-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Optimal treatment regimens for patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) remain unclear. Long-term prospective outcome data comparing XDR-TB regimens with and without bedaquiline from an endemic setting are lacking.We prospectively followed-up 272 South African patients (49.3% HIV-infected; median CD4 count 169 cells·µL-1) with newly diagnosed XDR-TB between 2008 and 2017. Outcomes were compared between those who had not received bedaquiline (pre-2013; n=204) and those who had (post-2013; n=68; 80.9% received linezolid in addition).The 24-month favourable outcome rate was substantially better in the bedaquiline versus the non-bedaquiline group (66.2% (45 out of 68) versus 13.2% (27 out of 204); p<0.001). In addition, the bedaquiline group exhibited reduced 24-month rates of treatment failure (5.9% versus 26.0%; p<0.001) and default (1.5% versus 15.2%; p<0.001). However, linezolid was withdrawn in 32.7% (18 out of 55) of patients in the bedaquiline group because of adverse events. Admission weight >50 kg, an increasing number of anti-TB drugs and bedaquiline were independent predictors of survival (the bedaquiline survival effect remained significant in HIV-infected persons, irrespective of CD4 count).XDR-TB patients receiving a backbone of bedaquiline and linezolid had substantially better favourable outcomes compared to those not using these drugs. These data inform the selection of XDR-TB treatment regimens and roll-out of newer drugs in TB-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatunde Olayanju
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jason Limberis
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aliasgar Esmail
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Suzette Oelofse
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Phindile Gina
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elize Pietersen
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Fadul
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rob Warren
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, US/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Depts of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Keertan Dheda
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Esmail A, Sabur NF, Okpechi I, Dheda K. Management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in special sub-populations including those with HIV co-infection, pregnancy, diabetes, organ-specific dysfunction, and in the critically ill. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:3102-3118. [PMID: 29997980 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.05.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major problem globally, and is the leading cause of death from an infectious agent. Drug-resistant tuberculosis threatens to marginalise the substantial gains that have recently been made in the fight against tuberculosis. Drug-resistant TB has significant associated morbidity and a high mortality, with only half of all multidrug-resistant TB patients achieving a successful treatment outcome. Patients with drug-resistant TB in resource-poor settings are now gaining access to newer and repurposed anti-tuberculosis drugs such as bedaquiline, delamanid and linezolid. However, with ever increasing rates of co-morbidity, there is little guidance on how to manage complex patients with drug-resistant TB. We address that knowledge gap, and outline principles underpinning the management of drug-resistant TB in special situations including HIV co-infection, pregnancy, renal disease, liver disease, diabetes, and in the critically ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasgar Esmail
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natasha F Sabur
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital and West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ikechi Okpechi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Keertan Dheda
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Clofazimine for Treatment of Extensively Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.02149-17. [PMID: 29378718 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02149-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a multicenter, prospective, randomized study to investigate the efficacy and safety of clofazimine (CLO) for treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in China. Forty-nine patients infected with XDR-TB were randomly assigned to either the control group or the CLO group, both of which received 36 months of individually customized treatment. The primary endpoint was the time to sputum culture conversion on solid medium. Clinical outcomes of patients were evaluated at the time of treatment completion. Of the 22 patients in the experimental group, 7 (31.8%) met the treatment criterion of "cure" and 1 (4.5%) "complete treatment," for a total of 8 (36.4%) exhibiting successful treatment outcomes without relapse. In the control group, 6 patients (22.2%) were cured and 6 (22.2%) completed treatment by the end of the study. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in successful outcome rates between the CLO group and the control group. The average sputum culture conversion time for the experimental group was 19.7 months, which was not statistically different from that for the control group (20.3 months; P = 0.57). Of the 22 patients in the CLO group, 12 (54.5%) experienced adverse events after starting CLO treatment. The most frequently observed adverse event was liver damage, with 31.8% of patients (7/22 patients) in the CLO group versus 11.1% (3/27 patients) in the control group exhibiting this adverse event. Our study demonstrates that inclusion of CLO in background treatment regimens for XDR-TB is of limited benefit, especially since hepatic disorders arise as major adverse events with CLO treatment. (This study is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry [ChiCTR, www.chictr.org.cn] under identifier ChiCTR1800014800.).
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Kim CT, Kim TO, Shin HJ, Ko YC, Hun Choe Y, Kim HR, Kwon YS. Bedaquiline and delamanid for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a multicentre cohort study in Korea. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:13993003.02467-2017. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02467-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Relatively little is known about the efficacy and safety of the programmatic use of bedaquiline and delamanid in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment.This study evaluated 61 patients with MDR-TB treated with bedaquiline (n=39), delamanid (n=11) or both, either sequentially (n=10) or in coadministration (n=1), for >1 month, combined with a World Health Organization-recommended regimen.Of these, 49 (80.3%) were male and 12 (19.7%) were female. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 53 (38.5–61.0) years. 42 (68.9%) patients had fluoroquinolone-resistant MDR-TB and 16 (26.2%) had extensively drug-resistant TB. The median (IQR) duration of treatment with bedaquiline and/or delamanid was 168 (166.5–196.5) days, with 33 (54.1%) receiving linezolid for a median (IQR) of 673 (171–736) days. Of the 55 patients with positive sputum cultures at the start of bedaquiline and/or delamanid treatment, 39 (70.9%) achieved sputum culture conversion within a median of 119 days. Treatment was halted in four patients (6.6%) because of prolonged Fridericia's corrected QT interval.Bedaquiline and delamanid were effective and safe for treating MDR-TB, with initial evidence of sequential administration of these two drugs as a viable treatment strategy for patients when an adequate treatment regimen cannot be constructed.
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Guglielmetti L, Hewison C, Avaliani Z, Hughes J, Kiria N, Lomtadze N, Ndjeka N, Setkina S, Shabangu A, Sikhondze W, Skrahina A, Veziris N, Furin J. Examples of bedaquiline introduction for the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in five countries. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 21:167-174. [PMID: 28234080 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.16.0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the first time in almost 50 years, there are new drugs available for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), including bedaquiline (BDQ) and delamanid (DLM). The rate of introduction, however, has not kept pace with patient needs. It is estimated that as many as 23% of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients have an indication for receiving BDQ. As this is the first time the MDR-TB community is introducing new medications, it is important to understand how implementation can be developed in a variety of settings. METHODS A qualitative assessment of country TB programs in which more than 5% of MDR-TB patients were started on BDQ under program conditions. RESULTS National TB programs in Belarus, France, Georgia, South Africa, and Swaziland all started sizeable cohorts of patients on BDQ in 2015. Common factors observed in these programs included experience with compassionate use/expanded access, support from implementing partners, and adequate national or donor-supported budgets. Barriers to introduction included restriction of BDQ to the in-patient setting, lack of access to companion drugs, and the development of systems for pharmacovigilance. CONCLUSION The five countries in this paper are examples of the introduction of new therapeutic options for the treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guglielmetti
- Sanatorium, Centre Hospitalier de Bligny, Briis-sous-Forges, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie 06, Unité 1135, Team E13 (Bactériologie), CR7 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - C Hewison
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France
| | - Z Avaliani
- National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - J Hughes
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Khayelitsha, South Africa
| | - N Kiria
- National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - N Lomtadze
- National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - N Ndjeka
- National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S Setkina
- Center for Examinations and Tests in Health Service, Republican Unitary Enterprise, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - A Shabangu
- National TB Referral Hospital, Manzini, Swaziland
| | - W Sikhondze
- National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Manzini, Swaziland
| | - A Skrahina
- Republican Scientific and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and TB, Minsk, Belarus
| | - N Veziris
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie 06, Unité 1135, Team E13 (Bactériologie), CR7 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - J Furin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ferlazzo G, Mohr E, Laxmeshwar C, Hewison C, Hughes J, Jonckheere S, Khachatryan N, De Avezedo V, Egazaryan L, Shroufi A, Kalon S, Cox H, Furin J, Isaakidis P. Early safety and efficacy of the combination of bedaquiline and delamanid for the treatment of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Armenia, India, and South Africa: a retrospective cohort study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 18:536-544. [PMID: 29452942 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bedaquiline and delamanid have been approved for treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis in the past 5 years. Because of theoretical safety concerns, patients have been unable to access the two drugs in combination. Médecins Sans Frontières has supported the use of combination bedaquiline and delamanid for people with few treatment options since 2016. We describe early safety and efficacy of regimens containing the bedaquiline and delamanid combination in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Yerevan, Armenia; Mumbai, India; and Khayelitsha, South Africa. METHODS We retrospectively analysed a cohort of all patients who received 6-12 months of oral bedaquiline and delamanid in combination (400 mg bedaquiline once per day for 2 weeks, then 200 mg bedaquiline three times per week and 100 mg delamanid twice per day) in MSF-supported projects. We report serious adverse events, QTc corrected using the Fridericia formula (QTcF) interval data, and culture conversion data during the first 6 months of treatment. FINDINGS Between Jan 1, 2016, and Aug 31, 2016, 28 patients (median age 32·5 years [IQR 28·5-40·5], 17 men) were included in the analysis. 11 (39%) of 28 patients were HIV-positive. 24 patients (86%) had isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones; 14 patients (50%) had extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. No patient had an increase of more than 500 ms in their QTcF interval. Four patients (14%) had six instances of QTcF increase of more than 60 ms from baseline but none permanently discontinued the drugs. 16 serious adverse events were reported in seven patients. Of 23 individuals with positive baseline cultures, 17 (74%) converted to negative by month 6 of treatment. INTERPRETATION Use of the bedaquiline and delamanid combination appears to reveal no additive or synergistic QTcF-prolonging effects. Access to bedaquiline and delamanid in combination should be expanded for people with few treatment options while awaiting the results of formal clinical trials. FUNDING Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Ferlazzo
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Southern Africa Medical Unit (SAMU), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Erika Mohr
- MSF, Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Helen Cox
- University of Cape Town (UCT), Division of Medical Microbiology and Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Furin
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petros Isaakidis
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Southern Africa Medical Unit (SAMU), Cape Town, South Africa.
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High Rates of Treatment Success in Pulmonary Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis by Individually Tailored Treatment Regimens. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 13:1271-8. [PMID: 27163360 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201512-845oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE We evaluated whether treatment outcomes for patients with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis can be substantially improved when sufficient resources for personalizing medical care are available. OBJECTIVES To describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at the Otto Wagner Hospital in Vienna, Austria. METHODS We conducted a retrospective single-center study of patients initiated on treatment for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis between January 2003 and December 2012 at the Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria. The records of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis were reviewed for epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Ninety patients with pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis were identified. The median age was 30 years (interquartile range, 26-37). All patients were of non-Austrian origin, and 70 (78%) came from former states of the Soviet Union. Thirty-nine (43%) patients had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; 28 (31%) had additional bacillary resistance to at least one second-line injectable drug and 9 (10%) to a fluoroquinolone. Fourteen (16%) patients had extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Eighty-eight different drug combinations were used for the treatment of the 90 patients. Surgery was performed on 10 (11.1%) of the patients. Sixty-five (72.2%) patients had a successful treatment outcome, 8 (8.9%) defaulted, 3 (3.3%) died, 8 (8.9%) continued treatment in another country and their outcome was unknown, and 6 (6.7%) were still on therapy. None of the patients experienced treatment failure. Treatment outcomes for patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis were similar to those of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS High rates of treatment success can be achieved in patients with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis when individually tailored treatment regimens can be provided in a high-resource setting.
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Ismail NA, Omar SV, Joseph L, Govender N, Blows L, Ismail F, Koornhof H, Dreyer AW, Kaniga K, Ndjeka N. Defining Bedaquiline Susceptibility, Resistance, Cross-Resistance and Associated Genetic Determinants: A Retrospective Cohort Study. EBioMedicine 2018; 28:136-142. [PMID: 29337135 PMCID: PMC5835552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bedaquiline (BDQ) is a novel agent approved for use in combination treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We sought to determine BDQ epidemiological cut-off values (ECVs), define and assess interpretive criteria against putative resistance associated variants (RAVs), microbiological outcomes and cross resistance with clofazimine (CFZ). METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) to BDQ were determined using 7H9 broth microdilution (BMD) and MGIT960. RAVs were genetically characterised using whole genome sequencing. BDQ ECVs were determined using ECOFFinder and compared with 6-month culture conversion status and CFZ MICs. FINDINGS A total of 391 isolates were analysed. Susceptible and intermediate categories were determined to have MICs of ≤0.125μg/ml and 0.25μg/ml using BMD and ≤1μg/ml and 2μg/ml using MGIT960 respectively. Microbiological failures occurred among BDQ exposed patients with a non-susceptible BDQ MIC, an Rv0678 mutation and ≤2 active drug classes. The Rv0678 RAVs were not the dominant mechanism of CFZ resistance and cross resistance was limited to isolates with an Rv0678 mutation. INTERPRETATION Criteria for BDQ susceptibility are defined and will facilitate improved early detection of resistance. Cross- resistance between BDQ and CFZ is an emerging concern but in this study was primarily among those with an Rv0678 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir A Ismail
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Tuberculosis, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Shaheed V Omar
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Tuberculosis, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lavania Joseph
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Tuberculosis, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Netricia Govender
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Tuberculosis, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Linsay Blows
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Tuberculosis, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Farzana Ismail
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Tuberculosis, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hendrik Koornhof
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Tuberculosis, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andries W Dreyer
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Tuberculosis, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Koné Kaniga
- Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, United States
| | - Norbert Ndjeka
- National Department of Health, Tuberculosis Control and Management Cluster, Pretoria, South Africa
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67
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Kaplan SR, Topal J, Sosa L, Malinis M, Huttner A, Malhotra A, Friedland G. A patient with central nervous system tuberculomas and a history of disseminated multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2018; 10:9-16. [PMID: 31720380 PMCID: PMC6830180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The global rates and numbers of drug resistant TB are rising. With increasing globalization, the spread of drug-resistant strains of TB has become a mounting global public health concern. We present a case of a young man previously treated for multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB in India who presented with neurological symptoms and central nervous system TB in the United States. His case highlights unique diagnostic and treatment challenges that are likely to become more commonplace with the increase of patients infected with drug-resistant TB and complicated extrapulmonary disease.
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Key Words
- AFB, acid-fast bacilli
- BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage
- Bedaquiline
- CNS, central nervous system
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- CT, computerized tomography
- Central nervous system (CNS) TB
- DOT, directly observed therapy
- DST, drug susceptibility testing
- Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- IV, intravenous
- LUL, left upper lobe
- MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
- TB, tuberculosis
- Tuberculoma
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- WHO, World Health Organization
- XDR-TB, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Kaplan
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, 135 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Jeffrey Topal
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, 135 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Lynn Sosa
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, 410 Capitol Avenue, Hartford, CT 06134, United States
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, 135 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Anita Huttner
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Ajay Malhotra
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Gerald Friedland
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, 135 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
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68
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Population implications of the use of bedaquiline in people with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: are fears of resistance justified? THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 17:e429-e433. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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69
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Pontali E, Sotgiu G, Tiberi S, D'Ambrosio L, Centis R, Migliori GB. Cardiac safety of bedaquiline: a systematic and critical analysis of the evidence. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/5/1701462. [PMID: 29146605 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01462-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Simon Tiberi
- Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lia D'Ambrosio
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy.,Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Rosella Centis
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Migliori
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
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70
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Mok J, Kang H, Hwang SH, Park JS, Kang B, Lee T, Koh WJ, Yim JJ, Jeon D. Interim outcomes of delamanid for the treatment of MDR- and XDR-TB in South Korea. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 73:503-508. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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71
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Jaspard M, Elefant-Amoura E, Melonio I, De Montgolfier I, Veziris N, Caumes E. Bedaquiline and Linezolid for Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Pregnant Woman. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23. [PMID: 28792382 PMCID: PMC5621557 DOI: 10.3201/eid2310.161398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A woman with extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis treated with a drug regimen including linezolid and bedaquiline during her last 3 weeks of pregnancy gave birth to a child without abnormalities. No fetal toxicities were noted by 2 years after delivery. This drug combination might be safe during the late third trimester of pregnancy.
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72
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Vambe D, Dlamini T, Furin J, Gracia-Edwards C, Keus K, Kunene K, Shabangu A, Dlamini SN, Sikhondze W. Operational aspects of bedaquiline implementation in Swaziland: report from the field. Public Health Action 2017; 7:240-242. [PMID: 29201660 DOI: 10.5588/pha.17.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bedaquiline (BDQ) has been recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) since 2013, but experience using the drug in high-burden, lower-income countries is limited and case studies are needed. Swaziland started using BDQ under national TB programme conditions in 2015 in four pilot sites. As of 1 December 2016, 93 patients had been initiated on BDQ, i.e., 19% of MDR-TB patients treated in the country. Swaziland has developed a systematic and efficient model for BDQ introduction in collaboration with several partners. This model is also being used to introduce other innovations and can serve as an example for other countries facing similar challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vambe
- National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Manzini, Swaziland
| | - T Dlamini
- National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Manzini, Swaziland
| | - J Furin
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - K Kunene
- Management Sciences for Health, Mbabane, Swaziland
| | - A Shabangu
- National Tuberculosis Referral Hospital, Manzini, Swaziland
| | - S N Dlamini
- World Health Organization, Mbabane, Swaziland
| | - W Sikhondze
- National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Manzini, Swaziland
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73
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Harausz EP, Garcia-Prats AJ, Seddon JA, Schaaf HS, Hesseling AC, Achar J, Bernheimer J, Cruz AT, D'Ambrosio L, Detjen A, Graham SM, Hughes J, Jonckheere S, Marais BJ, Migliori GB, McKenna L, Skrahina A, Tadolini M, Wilson P, Furin J. New and Repurposed Drugs for Pediatric Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Practice-based Recommendations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:1300-1310. [PMID: 27854508 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201606-1227ci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 33,000 children develop multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) each year. In spite of these numbers, children and adolescents have limited access to the new and repurposed MDR-TB drugs. There is also little clinical guidance for the use of these drugs and for the shorter MDR-TB regimen in the pediatric population. This is despite the fact that these drugs and regimens are associated with improved interim outcomes and acceptable safety profiles in adults. This review fills a gap in the pediatric MDR-TB literature by providing practice-based recommendations for the use of the new (delamanid and bedaquiline) and repurposed (linezolid and clofazimine) MDR-TB drugs and the new shorter MDR-TB regimen in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Harausz
- 1 U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Anthony J Garcia-Prats
- 2 Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - James A Seddon
- 3 Centre for International Child Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - H Simon Schaaf
- 2 Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anneke C Hesseling
- 2 Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jay Achar
- 4 Manson Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Lia D'Ambrosio
- 7 Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Tradate, Italy.,8 Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anne Detjen
- 9 United Nations Children's Fund, New York, New York
| | - Stephen M Graham
- 10 Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Ben J Marais
- 12 Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Lindsay McKenna
- 13 Treatment Action Group, HIV/TB Project, New York, New York
| | - Alena Skrahina
- 14 Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and TB, Minsk, Belarus; and
| | - Marina Tadolini
- 15 Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Peyton Wilson
- 16 Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Jennifer Furin
- 17 Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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74
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Caminero JA, Piubello A, Scardigli A, Migliori G. Proposal for a standardised treatment regimen to manage pre- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis cases. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/1/1700648. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00648-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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75
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Abstract
The global epidemic of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin was recently reported as larger than previously estimated, with at least 580,000 new cases reported in 2015. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), MDR-TB with additional resistance to a second-line fluoroquinolone and injectable, continues to account for nearly 10% of MDR cases globally. Cases in India, China, and the Russian Federation account for >45% of the cases of MDR-TB. Molecular testing helps identify MDR more quickly, and treatment options have expanded across the globe. Despite this, only 20% are in treatment, and treatment is challenging due to the toxicity of medications and the long duration. In 2016 the World Health Organization updated guidelines for the treatment of MDR-TB. A new short-course regimen is an option for those who qualify. Five effective drugs, including pyrazinamide (PZA) when possible, are recommended during the initial treatment phase and four drugs thereafter. Revised drug classifications include the use of linezolid and clofazimine as key second-line drugs and the option to use bedaquiline and delamanid to complete a five-drug regimen when needed due to poor medication tolerance or extensive resistance. Despite multiple drugs and long-duration treatment regimens, the outcomes for MDR and especially XDR-TB are much worse than for drug-susceptible disease. Better management of toxicity, prevention of transmission, and identification and appropriate management of infected contacts are important challenges for the future.
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76
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Barthod L, Lopez JG, Curti C, Bornet C, Roche M, Montana M, Vanelle P. News on therapeutic management of MDR-tuberculosis: a literature review. J Chemother 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2017.1338845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christophe Curti
- APHM, Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | | | - Manon Roche
- APHM, Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Montana
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Timone, Oncopharma, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- APHM, Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
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77
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Kwon YS. Clinical Implications of New Drugs and Regimens for the Treatment of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis. Chonnam Med J 2017; 53:103-109. [PMID: 28584788 PMCID: PMC5457944 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2017.53.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a growing problem worldwide. The lack of safe and effective drugs, together with the frequent development of adverse drug reactions can result in worse outcomes. Therefore, new TB drugs able to bolster the current TB treatment regimen are urgently required. Novel drugs that are effective and safe against Mycobacterium tuberculosis are required to reduce the number of drugs and the duration of treatment in both drug-susceptible TB and multi-drug-resistant (MDR)-TB. This review covers promising novel TB drugs and regimens that are currently under development. Bedaquiline and delamanid are the most promising novel drugs for the treatment of MDR-TB, each having a high efficacy and tolerability. However, the best regimen for achieving better outcomes and reducing adverse drug reactions remains yet to be determined, with safety concerns regarding cardiac events due to QT prolongation still to be addressed. Pretomanid is a novel drug that potentially shortens the duration of treatment in both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB. Many regimens consisting of injection free drugs with shorter treatment duration compared to the conventional treatment are now undergoing clinical trials. Therefore a simple and short treatment with higher efficacy, and lesser adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interaction is expected for patients with MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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78
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Borisov SE, Dheda K, Enwerem M, Romero Leyet R, D'Ambrosio L, Centis R, Sotgiu G, Tiberi S, Alffenaar JW, Maryandyshev A, Belilovski E, Ganatra S, Skrahina A, Akkerman O, Aleksa A, Amale R, Artsukevich J, Bruchfeld J, Caminero JA, Carpena Martinez I, Codecasa L, Dalcolmo M, Denholm J, Douglas P, Duarte R, Esmail A, Fadul M, Filippov A, Davies Forsman L, Gaga M, Garcia-Fuertes JA, García-García JM, Gualano G, Jonsson J, Kunst H, Lau JS, Lazaro Mastrapa B, Teran Troya JL, Manga S, Manika K, González Montaner P, Mullerpattan J, Oelofse S, Ortelli M, Palmero DJ, Palmieri F, Papalia A, Papavasileiou A, Payen MC, Pontali E, Robalo Cordeiro C, Saderi L, Sadutshang TD, Sanukevich T, Solodovnikova V, Spanevello A, Topgyal S, Toscanini F, Tramontana AR, Udwadia ZF, Viggiani P, White V, Zumla A, Migliori GB. Effectiveness and safety of bedaquiline-containing regimens in the treatment of MDR- and XDR-TB: a multicentre study. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/5/1700387. [PMID: 28529205 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00387-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Large studies on bedaquiline used to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR-) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of bedaquiline-containing regimens in a large, retrospective, observational study conducted in 25 centres and 15 countries in five continents.428 culture-confirmed MDR-TB cases were analysed (61.5% male; 22.1% HIV-positive, 45.6% XDR-TB). MDR-TB cases were admitted to hospital for a median (interquartile range (IQR)) 179 (92-280) days and exposed to bedaquiline for 168 (86-180) days. Treatment regimens included, among others, linezolid, moxifloxacin, clofazimine and carbapenems (82.0%, 58.4%, 52.6% and 15.3% of cases, respectively).Sputum smear and culture conversion rates in MDR-TB cases were 63.6% and 30.1%, respectively at 30 days, 81.1% and 56.7%, respectively at 60 days; 85.5% and 80.5%, respectively at 90 days and 88.7% and 91.2%, respectively at the end of treatment. The median (IQR) time to smear and culture conversion was 34 (30-60) days and 60 (33-90) days. Out of 247 culture-confirmed MDR-TB cases completing treatment, 71.3% achieved success (62.4% cured; 8.9% completed treatment), 13.4% died, 7.3% defaulted and 7.7% failed. Bedaquiline was interrupted due to adverse events in 5.8% of cases. A single case died, having electrocardiographic abnormalities that were probably non-bedaquiline related.Bedaquiline-containing regimens achieved high conversion and success rates under different nonexperimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey E Borisov
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Government's Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Keertan Dheda
- UCT Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Martin Enwerem
- Amity Health Consortium, Country Club Estate, Johannesburg, South Africa.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Rodolfo Romero Leyet
- Clinical Unit, District Clinical Specialist Team, Springbok, South Africa.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Lia D'Ambrosio
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy.,Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Rosella Centis
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Simon Tiberi
- Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Jan-Willem Alffenaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Andrey Maryandyshev
- Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Evgeny Belilovski
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Government's Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Shashank Ganatra
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, India.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Alena Skrahina
- Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk, Belarus.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Onno Akkerman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Tuberculosis Center Beatrixoord, Haren, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alena Aleksa
- Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno, Belarus
| | - Rohit Amale
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, India
| | - Janina Artsukevich
- Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno, Belarus
| | - Judith Bruchfeld
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Dept of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jose A Caminero
- Pneumology Dept, Hospital General de Gran Canaria "Dr Negrin", Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,MDR-TB Unit, Tuberculosis Division, International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | | | - Luigi Codecasa
- TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute/Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Justin Denholm
- Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne Health, Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Douglas
- Health Policy and Performance Branch, Health Services and Policy Division, Dept of Immigration and Border Protection, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raquel Duarte
- National Reference Centre for MDR-TB, Hospital Centre Vila Nova de Gaia, Dept of Pneumology, Public Health Science and Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Aliasgar Esmail
- UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Fadul
- UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alexey Filippov
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Government's Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lina Davies Forsman
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Dept of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mina Gaga
- 7th Respiratory Medicine Dept, Athens Chest Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Gina Gualano
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jerker Jonsson
- National TB Surveillance Unit, Public Health Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heinke Kunst
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jillian S Lau
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, Box Hill Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Selene Manga
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, University National San Antonio Abad Cusco, Cusco, Perù
| | - Katerina Manika
- Pulmonary Dept, 'G. Papanikolaou' Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Jai Mullerpattan
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, India
| | - Suzette Oelofse
- UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Papalia
- AOVV Eugenio Morelli Hospital, Reference Hospital for MDR and HIV-TB, Sondalo, Italy
| | | | - Marie-Christine Payen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Laura Saderi
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Tatsiana Sanukevich
- Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno, Belarus
| | - Varvara Solodovnikova
- Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Antonio Spanevello
- Pneumology Dept, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy.,Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Federica Toscanini
- University Hospital San Martino, Care and Research Institute, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Zarir Farokh Udwadia
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, India
| | - Pietro Viggiani
- AOVV Eugenio Morelli Hospital, Reference Hospital for MDR and HIV-TB, Sondalo, Italy
| | - Veronica White
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Battista Migliori
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy .,These authors contributed equally
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79
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Olaru ID, Heyckendorf J, Andres S, Kalsdorf B, Lange C. Bedaquiline-based treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/5/1700742. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00742-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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80
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Guglielmetti L. Bedaquiline for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: another missed opportunity? Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/5/1700738. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00738-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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81
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Simple strategy to assess linezolid exposure in patients with multi-drug-resistant and extensively-drug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 49:688-694. [PMID: 28389352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Linezolid is used increasingly for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB). However, linezolid can cause severe adverse events, such as peripheral and optical neuropathy or thrombocytopenia related to higher drug exposure. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model to predict the area under the concentration curve (AUC) for linezolid using a limited number of blood samples. Data from patients with MDR-/XDR-TB who received linezolid and therapeutic drug monitoring as part of their TB treatment were used. Mw\Pharm 3.82 (Mediware, Zuidhorn, The Netherlands) was used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model and limited sampling strategy (LSS) for linezolid. LSS was evaluated over a time span of 6 h. Blood sampling directly before linezolid administration and 2 h after linezolid administration were considered to be the most clinically relevant sampling points. The model and LSS were evaluated by analysing the correlation between AUC12h,observed and AUC12h,estimated. In addition, LSS was validated with an external group of patients with MDR-/XDR-TB from Sondalo, Italy. Fifty-two pharmacokinetic profiles were used to develop the model. Thirty-three profiles with a 300 mg dosing regimen and 19 profiles with a 600 mg dosing regimen were obtained. Model validation showed prediction bias of 0.1% and r2 of 0.99. Evaluation of the most clinically relevant LSS showed prediction bias of 4.8% and r2 of 0.97. The root mean square error corresponding to the most relevant LSS was 6.07%. The developed LSS could be used to enable concentration-guided dosing of linezolid.
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Veziris N, Bernard C, Guglielmetti L, Le Du D, Marigot-Outtandy D, Jaspard M, Caumes E, Lerat I, Rioux C, Yazdanpanah Y, Tiotiu A, Lemaitre N, Brossier F, Jarlier V, Robert J, Sougakoff W, Aubry A. Rapid emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bedaquiline resistance: lessons to avoid repeating past errors. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:13993003.01719-2016. [PMID: 28182568 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01719-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Veziris
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France .,Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bernard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Guglielmetti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France.,Sanatorium, Centre Hospitalier de Bligny, Briis-sous-Forges, France
| | - Damien Le Du
- Sanatorium, Centre Hospitalier de Bligny, Briis-sous-Forges, France
| | - Dhiba Marigot-Outtandy
- Sanatorium, Centre Hospitalier de Bligny, Briis-sous-Forges, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Médecine Aigue Spécialisée, Garches, France
| | - Marie Jaspard
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Eric Caumes
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lerat
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Rioux
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Yazdan Yazdanpanah
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France.,INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Angelica Tiotiu
- Dépt de pneumologie, CHU de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Nadine Lemaitre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR, 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Florence Brossier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Jarlier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Robert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Wladimir Sougakoff
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Aubry
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
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83
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Pontali E, D'Ambrosio L, Centis R, Sotgiu G, Migliori GB. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and beyond: an updated analysis of the current evidence on bedaquiline. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/3/1700146. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00146-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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84
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Bastos ML, Lan Z, Menzies D. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis for treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/3/1600803. [PMID: 28331031 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00803-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to update the current evidence for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment.We searched for studies that reported treatment information and clinical characteristics for at least 25 patients with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary MDR-TB and either end of treatment outcomes, 6-month culture conversion or severe adverse events (SAEs). We assessed the association of these outcomes with patients' characteristics or treatment parameters. We identified 74 studies, including 17 494 participants.The pooled treatment success was 26% in extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) patients and 60% in MDR-TB patients. Treatment parameters such as number or duration and individual drugs were not associated with improved 6-month sputum culture conversion or end of treatment outcomes. However, MDR-TB patients that received individualised regimens had higher success than patients who received standardised regimens (64% versus 52%; p<0.0.01). When reports from 20 cohorts were pooled, proportions of SAE ranged from 0.5% attributed to ethambutol to 12.2% attributed to para-aminosalicylic acid. The lack of significant associations of treatment outcomes with specific drugs or regimens may reflect the limitations of pooling the data rather than a true lack of differences in efficacy of regimens or individual drugs.This analysis highlights the need for stronger evidence for treatment of MDR-TB from better-designed and reported studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Lisboa Bastos
- Internal Medicine Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Zhiyi Lan
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dick Menzies
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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85
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Udwadia ZF, Ganatra S, Mullerpattan JB. Compassionate use of bedaquiline in highly drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Mumbai, India. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/3/1601699. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01699-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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86
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Dheda K, Gumbo T, Maartens G, Dooley KE, McNerney R, Murray M, Furin J, Nardell EA, London L, Lessem E, Theron G, van Helden P, Niemann S, Merker M, Dowdy D, Van Rie A, Siu GKH, Pasipanodya JG, Rodrigues C, Clark TG, Sirgel FA, Esmail A, Lin HH, Atre SR, Schaaf HS, Chang KC, Lange C, Nahid P, Udwadia ZF, Horsburgh CR, Churchyard GJ, Menzies D, Hesseling AC, Nuermberger E, McIlleron H, Fennelly KP, Goemaere E, Jaramillo E, Low M, Jara CM, Padayatchi N, Warren RM. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, and management of multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and incurable tuberculosis. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2017; 5:S2213-2600(17)30079-6. [PMID: 28344011 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(17)30079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Global tuberculosis incidence has declined marginally over the past decade, and tuberculosis remains out of control in several parts of the world including Africa and Asia. Although tuberculosis control has been effective in some regions of the world, these gains are threatened by the increasing burden of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis. XDR tuberculosis has evolved in several tuberculosis-endemic countries to drug-incurable or programmatically incurable tuberculosis (totally drug-resistant tuberculosis). This poses several challenges similar to those encountered in the pre-chemotherapy era, including the inability to cure tuberculosis, high mortality, and the need for alternative methods to prevent disease transmission. This phenomenon mirrors the worldwide increase in antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of other MDR pathogens, such as malaria, HIV, and Gram-negative bacteria. MDR and XDR tuberculosis are associated with high morbidity and substantial mortality, are a threat to health-care workers, prohibitively expensive to treat, and are therefore a serious public health problem. In this Commission, we examine several aspects of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The traditional view that acquired resistance to antituberculous drugs is driven by poor compliance and programmatic failure is now being questioned, and several lines of evidence suggest that alternative mechanisms-including pharmacokinetic variability, induction of efflux pumps that transport the drug out of cells, and suboptimal drug penetration into tuberculosis lesions-are likely crucial to the pathogenesis of drug-resistant tuberculosis. These factors have implications for the design of new interventions, drug delivery and dosing mechanisms, and public health policy. We discuss epidemiology and transmission dynamics, including new insights into the fundamental biology of transmission, and we review the utility of newer diagnostic tools, including molecular tests and next-generation whole-genome sequencing, and their potential for clinical effectiveness. Relevant research priorities are highlighted, including optimal medical and surgical management, the role of newer and repurposed drugs (including bedaquiline, delamanid, and linezolid), pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations, preventive strategies (such as prophylaxis in MDR and XDR contacts), palliative and patient-orientated care aspects, and medicolegal and ethical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keertan Dheda
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Tawanda Gumbo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gary Maartens
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kelly E Dooley
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruth McNerney
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Megan Murray
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Furin
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward A Nardell
- TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leslie London
- School of Public Health and Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Grant Theron
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Paul van Helden
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Stefan Niemann
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Borstel, Borstel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Matthias Merker
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - David Dowdy
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annelies Van Rie
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; International Health Unit, Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gilman K H Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jotam G Pasipanodya
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Camilla Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Frik A Sirgel
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Aliasgar Esmail
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hsien-Ho Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sachin R Atre
- Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - H Simon Schaaf
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kwok Chiu Chang
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, German Center for Infection Research, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; International Health/Infectious Diseases, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, University of Namibia School of Medicine, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Payam Nahid
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zarir F Udwadia
- Pulmonary Department, Hinduja Hospital & Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Gavin J Churchyard
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Advancing Treatment and Care for TB/HIV, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dick Menzies
- Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anneke C Hesseling
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eric Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helen McIlleron
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin P Fennelly
- Pulmonary Clinical Medicine Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Goemaere
- MSF South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Marcus Low
- Treatment Action Campaign, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Nesri Padayatchi
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), MRC HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Robin M Warren
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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87
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Wirth D, Dass R, Hettle R. Cost-effectiveness of adding novel or group 5 interventions to a background regimen for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Germany. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:182. [PMID: 28270207 PMCID: PMC5341441 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is complex, lengthy, and involves a minimum of four drugs termed a background regimen (BR), that have not previously been prescribed or that have proven susceptible to patient sputum culture isolates. In recent years, promising new treatment options have emerged as add-on therapies to a BR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term costs and effectiveness of adding the novel or group 5 interventions bedaquiline, delamanid, and linezolid to a background regimen (BR) of drugs for the treatment of adult patients with pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), within their marketing authorisations, from a German healthcare cost-effectiveness perspective. Methods A cohort-based Markov model was developed to simulate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of bedaquiline plus BR, delamanid plus BR, or linezolid plus BR versus BR alone in the treatment of MDR-TB, over a 10-year time horizon. Effectiveness of treatment was evaluated in Quality-Adjusted Life-Years (QALYs) and Life-Years Gained (LYG), using inputs from clinical trials for bedaquiline and delamanid and from a German observational study for linezolid. Cost data were obtained from German Drug Directory costs (€/2015), published literature, and expert opinion. A 3% yearly discount rate was applied. Probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results The total discounted costs per-patient were €85,575 for bedaquiline plus BR, €81,079 for delamanid plus BR, and €80,460 for linezolid plus BR, compared with a cost of €60,962 for BR alone. The total discounted QALYs per-patient were 5.95 for bedaquiline plus BR, 5.36 for delamanid plus BR, and 3.91 for linezolid plus BR, compared with 3.68 for BR alone. All interventions were therefore associated with higher QALYs and higher costs than BR alone, with incremental costs per QALY gained of €22,238 for bedaquiline, €38,703 for delamanid, and €87,484 for linezolid, versus BR alone. In a fully incremental analysis, bedaquiline plus BR was the most cost-effective treatment option at thresholds greater than €22,000 per QALY gained. In probabilistic analyses, the probability that bedaquiline plus BR was the most cost-effective treatment strategy at a willingness-to-pay threshold of €30,000 was 54.5%, compared with 22.9% for BR alone, 18.2% for delamanid plus BR, and 4.4% for linezolid. Conclusions In Germany, the addition of bedaquiline, delamanid, or linezolid to a BR would result in QALY gains over BR alone. Based on this analysis, bedaquiline is likely to be the most cost-effective intervention for the treatment of MDR-TB, when added to a BR regimen at thresholds greater than €22,000 per QALY. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2118-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wirth
- Health Economics & Market Access, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Johnson & Johnson Platz 1, 41470, Neuss, Germany.
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88
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Maitre T, Aubry A, Jarlier V, Robert J, Veziris N, Bernard C, Sougakoff W, Brossier F, Cambau E, Mougari F, Raskine L. Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Med Mal Infect 2017; 47:3-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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89
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Lu X, Smare C, Kambili C, El Khoury AC, Wolfson LJ. Health outcomes of bedaquiline in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in selected high burden countries. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:87. [PMID: 28122562 PMCID: PMC5267460 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Less than one-third of patients who are estimated to be infected with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) receive MDR-TB treatment regimens, and only 48% of those who received treatment have successful outcomes. Despite current regimens, newer, more effective and cost-effective approaches to treatment are needed. The aim of the study was to project health outcomes and impact on healthcare resources of adding bedaquiline to the treatment regimen of MDR-TB in selected high burden countries: Estonia, Russia, South Africa, Peru, China, the Philippines, and India. Methods This study adapted an existing Markov model to estimate the health outcomes and impact on total healthcare costs of adding bedaquiline to current MDR-TB treatment regimens. A price threshold analysis was conducted to determine the price range at which bedaquiline would be cost-effective. Results Adding bedaquiline to the background regimen (BR) resulted in increased disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted, and reduced total healthcare costs (excluding treatment acquisition costs) compared with BR alone in all countries analyzed. Addition of bedaquiline to BR resulted in savings to healthcare costs compared with BR alone in all countries analyzed, with the highest impact expected in Russia (US$194 million) and South Africa (US$43 million). The price per regimen at which bedaquiline would be cost-effective ranged between US$23,904-US$203,492 in Estonia, Russia, Peru, South Africa, and China (high and upper middle-income countries) and between US$6,996-US$20,323 in the Philippines and India (lower middle-income countries); however, these cost-effective prices do not necessarily address concerns about affordability. Conclusions Adding bedaquiline to BR provides improvements in health outcomes and reductions in healthcare costs in high MDR-TB burden countries. The range of prices per regimen for which bedaquiline would be cost-effective varied between countries. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1931-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lu
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Caitlin Smare
- HERON™ Commercialization, PAREXEL International, London, UK
| | | | - Antoine C El Khoury
- Johnson and Johnson Middle East FZ LLC, Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Makhtoum Academic Medical Centre, Building 14, PO Box 505080, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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90
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In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Bedaquiline against Mycobacterium avium Complex. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01798-16. [PMID: 27872065 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01798-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed bedaquiline broth microdilution susceptibility testing using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines on 103 respiratory isolates of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), including multidrug-resistant isolates. Approximately 90% of isolates had bedaquiline MICs of ≤0.008 μg/ml, and 102/103 isolates had MICs of ≤0.015 μg/ml. Bedaquiline has excellent potential for use in patients with MAC infections, although for reasons of its metabolism by the cytochrome P450 system, it should not be given with rifampin.
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91
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Guglielmetti L, Jaspard M, Le Dû D, Lachâtre M, Marigot-Outtandy D, Bernard C, Veziris N, Robert J, Yazdanpanah Y, Caumes E, Fréchet-Jachym M. Long-term outcome and safety of prolonged bedaquiline treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 2016; 49:13993003.01799-2016. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01799-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bedaquiline, a recently approved drug for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), is recommended for a duration of 24 weeks. There are scarce data on patients treated with this drug outside clinical trials.All MDR-TB patients who started treatment from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013 and received ≥30 days of bedaquiline were included in a multicentre observational cohort.Among 45 MDR-TB patients, 53% harboured isolates resistant to both fluoroquinolones and second-line injectables, and 38% harboured isolates resistant to one of these drug classes. Median bedaquiline treatment duration was 361 days and 33 patients (73%) received prolonged (>190 days) bedaquiline treatment. Overall, 36 patients (80%) had favourable outcome, five were lost to follow-up, three died, and one failed and acquired bedaquiline resistance. No cases of recurrence were reported. Severe and serious adverse events were recorded in 60% and 18% of patients, respectively. Values of Fridericia-corrected QT interval (QTcF) >500 ms were recorded in 11% of patients, but neither arrhythmias nor symptomatic cardiac side-effects occurred. Bedaquiline was discontinued in three patients following QTcF prolongation. No significant differences in outcomes or adverse events rates were observed between patients receiving standard and prolonged bedaquiline treatment.Bedaquiline-containing regimens achieved favourable outcomes in a large proportion of patients. Prolonged bedaquiline treatment was overall well tolerated in this cohort.
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92
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Sloan DJ, Lewis JM. Management of multidrug-resistant TB: novel treatments and their expansion to low resource settings. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2016; 110:163-72. [PMID: 26884496 PMCID: PMC4755422 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trv107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite overall progress in global TB control, the rising burden of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) threatens to undermine efforts to end the worldwide epidemic. Of the 27 countries classified as high burden for MDR-TB, 17 are in ‘low’ or ‘low–middle’ income countries. Shorter, all oral and less toxic multidrug combinations are required to improve treatment outcomes in these settings. Suitability for safe co-administration with HIV drugs is also desirable. A range of strategies and several new drugs (including bedaquiline, delamanid and linezolid) are currently undergoing advanced clinical evaluations to define their roles in achieving these aims. However, several clinical questions and logistical challenges need to be overcome before these new MDR-TB treatments fulfil their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Sloan
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Thomas Drive, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK
| | - Joseph M Lewis
- Wellcome Trust Liverpool Glasgow Centre for Global Health Research, University of Liverpool L69 3GF, UK Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
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93
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Wyplosz B, Mougari F, Al Rawi M, Baillon C, Marigot-Outtandy D, Le Dû D, Jachym M, Hervé V, Raskine L, Cambau E. Visualizing viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum to monitor isolation measures. J Infect 2016; 74:207-210. [PMID: 27939814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wyplosz
- AP-HP, CHU de Bicêtre, Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Faiza Mougari
- AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, INSERM IAME UMR1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Mycobacteria and Antimycobacterial Resistance, Paris, France
| | - May Al Rawi
- AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Mycobacteria and Antimycobacterial Resistance, Paris, France
| | - Céline Baillon
- Centre Médico-chirugical de Bligny, Laboratoire de bactériologie, Briis-sous-Forges, France
| | | | - Damien Le Dû
- Centre Médico-chirugical de Bligny, Sanatorium, Briis-sous-Forges, France
| | - Mathilde Jachym
- Centre Médico-chirugical de Bligny, Sanatorium, Briis-sous-Forges, France
| | - Vincent Hervé
- Centre Médico-chirugical de Bligny, Laboratoire de bactériologie, Briis-sous-Forges, France
| | - Laurent Raskine
- AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Mycobacteria and Antimycobacterial Resistance, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cambau
- AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, INSERM IAME UMR1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Mycobacteria and Antimycobacterial Resistance, Paris, France
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94
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Emergence of mmpT5 Variants during Bedaquiline Treatment of Mycobacterium intracellulare Lung Disease. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 55:574-584. [PMID: 27927925 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02087-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bedaquiline (BDQ), a diarylquinoline antibiotic that targets ATP synthase, is effective for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections that no longer respond to conventional drugs. While investigating the off-label use of BDQ as salvage therapy, seven of 13 patients with Mycobacterium intracellulare lung disease had an initial microbiological response and then relapsed. Whole-genome comparison of pretreatment and relapse isolates of M. intracellulare uncovered mutations in a previously uncharacterized locus, mmpT5 Preliminary analysis suggested similarities between mmpT5 and the mmpR5 locus, which is associated with low-level BDQ resistance in M. tuberculosis Both genes encode transcriptional regulators and are adjacent to orthologs of the mmpS5-mmpL5 drug efflux operon. However, MmpT5 belongs to the TetR superfamily, whereas MmpR5 is a MarR family protein. Targeted sequencing uncovered nonsynonymous mmpT5 mutations in isolates from all seven relapse cases, including two pretreatment isolates. In contrast, only two relapse patient isolates had nonsynonymous changes in ATP synthase subunit c (atpE), the primary target of BDQ. Susceptibility testing indicated that mmpT5 mutations are associated with modest 2- to 8-fold increases in MICs for BDQ and clofazimine, whereas one atpE mutant exhibited a 50-fold increase in MIC for BDQ. Bedaquiline shows potential for the treatment of M. intracellulare lung disease, but optimization of treatment regimens is required to prevent the emergence of mmpT5 variants and microbiological relapse.
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95
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Sullivan T, Ben Amor Y. Global Introduction of New Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Drugs-Balancing Regulation with Urgent Patient Needs. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22. [PMID: 26889711 PMCID: PMC4766896 DOI: 10.3201/eid2203.151228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
New treatments for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) are urgently needed. Two new drugs, bedaquiline and delamanid, have recently been released, and several new drugs and treatment regimens are in the pipeline. Misuse of TB drugs is a principal cause of drug resistance. As new drugs and regimens reach the market, the need to make them available to patients must be balanced with regulation of their use so that resistance to the new drugs can be prevented. To foster the rational use of new drugs, we propose 1) expanding/strengthening the capacity for drug susceptibility testing, beginning with countries with a high TB burden; 2) regulating prescribing practices by banning over-the-counter sale of TB drugs and enacting an accreditation system whereby providers must be certified to prescribe new drugs; and 3) decentralizing MDR TB care in rural communities by employing trained community health workers, using promising mobile technologies, and enlisting the aid of civil society organizations.
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96
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Cholo MC, Mothiba MT, Fourie B, Anderson R. Mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacies of the lipophilic antimycobacterial agents clofazimine and bedaquiline. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 72:338-353. [PMID: 27798208 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant (DR)-TB is the major challenge confronting the global TB control programme, necessitating treatment with second-line anti-TB drugs, often with limited therapeutic efficacy. This scenario has resulted in the inclusion of Group 5 antibiotics in various therapeutic regimens, two of which promise to impact significantly on the outcome of the therapy of DR-TB. These are the 're-purposed' riminophenazine, clofazimine, and the recently approved diarylquinoline, bedaquiline. Although they differ structurally, both of these lipophilic agents possess cationic amphiphilic properties that enable them to target and inactivate essential ion transporters in the outer membrane of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the case of bedaquiline, the primary target is the key respiratory chain enzyme F1/F0-ATPase, whereas clofazimine is less selective, apparently inhibiting several targets, which may underpin the extremely low level of resistance to this agent. This review is focused on similarities and differences between clofazimine and bedaquiline, specifically in respect of molecular mechanisms of antimycobacterial action, targeting of quiescent and metabolically active organisms, therapeutic efficacy in the clinical setting of DR-TB, resistance mechanisms, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloko C Cholo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Maborwa T Mothiba
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Bernard Fourie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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97
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Dheda K, Chang KC, Guglielmetti L, Furin J, Schaaf HS, Chesov D, Esmail A, Lange C. Clinical management of adults and children with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 23:131-140. [PMID: 27756712 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally there is a burgeoning epidemic of drug monoresistant tuberculosis (TB), multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Almost 20% of all TB strains worldwide are resistant to at least one major TB drug, including isoniazid. In several parts of the world there is an increasing incidence of MDR-TB, and alarmingly, almost a third of MDR-TB cases globally are resistant to either a fluoroquinolone or aminoglycoside. This trend cannot be ignored because drug-resistant TB is associated with greater morbidity compared to drug-susceptible TB, accounts for almost 25% of global TB mortality, is extremely costly to treat, consumes substantial portions of budgets allocated to national TB programmes in TB-endemic countries and is a major threat to healthcare workers, who are already in short supply in resource-poor settings. Even more worrying is the growing epidemic of resistance beyond XDR-TB, including resistance to newer drugs such as bedaquiline and delamanid, as well as the increasing prevalence of programmatically incurable TB in countries like South Africa, Russia, India and China. These developments threaten to reverse the gains already made against TB. SOURCES Articles related to MDR-TB and XDR-TB found on PubMed in all languages up to September 2016, published reviews, and files of the authors. AIM AND CONTENT To review the clinical management of adults and children with MDR- and XDR-TB with a particular emphasis on the utility of newer and repurposed drugs such as linezolid, bedaquiline and delamanid, as well as management of MDR- and XDR-TB in special situations such as in HIV-infected persons and in children. IMPLICATIONS This review informs on the prevention, diagnosis, and clinical management of MDR-TB and XDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dheda
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa.
| | - K C Chang
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Guglielmetti
- Sanatorium, Centre Hospitalier de Bligny, Briis-sous-Forges, France; Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, CR7, INSERM, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Team E13 (Bactériologie), Paris, France
| | - J Furin
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Global Health, and Social Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H S Schaaf
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D Chesov
- Department of Pneumology and Allergology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Nicolae Testemitanu', Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - A Esmail
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - C Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; International Health/Infectious Diseases, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, University of Namibia School of Medicine, Windhoek, Namibia; German Center for Infection Research, Clinical Tuberculosis Center, Borstel, Germany
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98
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Kunkel A, Cobelens FG, Cohen T. Tradeoffs in Introduction Policies for the Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Bedaquiline: A Model-Based Analysis. PLoS Med 2016; 13:e1002142. [PMID: 27727274 PMCID: PMC5058480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) are becoming available for the first time in over 40 y. Optimal strategies for introducing these drugs have not yet been established. The objective of this study was to compare different strategies for introducing the new TB drug bedaquiline based on patients' resistance patterns. METHODS AND FINDINGS We created a Markov decision model to follow a hypothetical cohort of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB patients under different bedaquiline use strategies. The explored strategies included making bedaquiline available to all patients with MDR TB, restricting bedaquiline usage to patients with MDR plus additional resistance and withholding bedaquiline introduction completely. We compared these strategies according to life expectancy, risks of acquired resistance, and the expected number and health outcomes of secondary cases. For our simulated cohort, the mean (2.5th, 97.5th percentile) life expectancy from time of initiation of MDR TB treatment at age 30 was 36.0 y (33.5, 38.7) assuming all patients with MDR TB received bedaquiline, 35.1 y (34.4, 35.8) assuming patients with pre-extensively drug-resistant (PreXDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB received bedaquiline, and 34.9 y (34.6, 35.2) assuming only patients with XDR TB received bedaquiline. Although providing bedaquiline to all MDR patients resulted in the highest life expectancy for our initial cohort averaged across all parameter sets, for parameter sets in which bedaquiline conferred high risks of added mortality and only small reductions in median time to culture conversion, the optimal strategy would be to withhold use even from patients with the most extensive resistance. Across all parameter sets, the most liberal bedaquiline use strategies consistently increased the risk of bedaquiline resistance but decreased the risk of resistance to other MDR drugs. In almost all cases, more liberal bedaquiline use strategies reduced the expected number of secondary cases and resulting life years lost. The generalizability of our results is limited by the lack of available data about drug effects among individuals with HIV co-infection, drug interactions, and other sources of heterogeneity, as well as changing recommendations for MDR TB treatment. CONCLUSIONS If mortality benefits can be empirically verified, our results provide support for expanding bedaquiline access to all patients with MDR TB. Such expansion could improve patients' health, protect background MDR TB drugs, and decrease transmission, but would likely result in greater resistance to bedaquiline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Kunkel
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Frank G. Cobelens
- Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Ted Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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99
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Matteelli A, Centis R, D'Ambrosio L, Sotgiu G, Tadolini M, Pontali E, Spanevello A, Migliori GB. WHO strategies for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:991-1002. [PMID: 27276361 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2016.1199278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adequate management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), including multidrug- (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-) TB are within the priorities of the newly launched World Health Organization's End TB and Elimination Strategies. AREAS COVERED This manuscript presents the evidence on the MDR- /XDR-TB epidemiology and discusses how the five recommended priority actions can be applied at the programmatic level to tackle the epidemic: 1) prevent development of MDR-TB thorough high quality treatment of drug- susceptible TB; 2) expand rapid testing and detection of drug-resistant TB; 3) provide immediate access to effective treatment and proper care; 4) prevent transmission through infection control; 5) increase political commitment and financing. A non-systematic review using Pubmed was carried out in addition to additional relevant information taken from the abstracts of international scientific conferences. Expert commentary: Current and future control of MDR-TB significantly relies on the correct use of new diagnostics and new drugs from one side, and on the consistent application of the five core interventions at the programmatic level. In addition, it is mandatory to tackle the social determinants and socio-economic barriers favouring the MDR-TB, otherwise it will not be possible to reach the planned goals as well as TB Elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Matteelli
- a Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases , University of Brescia and Brescia Spedali Civili General Hospital , Brescia , Italy
| | - Rosella Centis
- b World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases , Fondazione S. Maugeri, Care and Research Institute , Tradate , Italy
| | - Lia D'Ambrosio
- b World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases , Fondazione S. Maugeri, Care and Research Institute , Tradate , Italy
- c Public Health Consulting Group , Lugano , Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- d Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Sassari, Research, Medical Education and Professional Development Unit, AOU , Sassari , Italy
| | - Marina Tadolini
- e Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Emanuele Pontali
- f Department of Infectious Diseases , Galliera Hospital , Genova , Italy
| | - Antonio Spanevello
- g Pneumology Unit , Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS , Tradate , Italy
- h Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Insubria , Varese , Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Migliori
- b World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases , Fondazione S. Maugeri, Care and Research Institute , Tradate , Italy
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100
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis has been and remains arguably the most important infectious disease of all time. However, when compared to other diseases of similar human impact, relatively little progress has been made. Although there are many new drugs being developed for the first time in decades, it is unclear what role each of these new drugs will play. AREAS COVERED The history of current therapy is reviewed as are the challenges associated with medications currently in use. Drugs that have recently been added to the armamentarium of therapy are reviewed as well as new candidate drugs. EXPERT OPINION Developing new drugs to treat tuberculosis is of critical importance but even more important is developing strategies that ensure that there is no further amplification of drug resistance around the world especially in high burden low resource settings. Directly observed therapy is the cornerstone of protecting existing and future regimens and new technologies will potentially extend the reach of monitored therapy. Challenges remain including maintaining an adequate drug supply but the greatest challenge may be the issue of persistent organisms that require prolonged therapy. By discovering the triggers of persistence and identifying new drug targets can it be possible to radically shorten therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lauzardo
- a Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
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