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Young Y, Buckiewicz N, Long TAF. Nutritional geometry and fitness consequences in Drosophila suzukii, the Spotted-Wing Drosophila. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2842-2851. [PMID: 29531699 PMCID: PMC5838031 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its arrival to North America less than a decade ago, the invasive Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) has inflicted substantial economic losses on soft fruit agriculture due to its ability to oviposit into ripening fruits. More effective management approaches for this species are needed, but little is known about the factors that influence behavioral choices made by D. suzukii when selecting hosts, or the consequences that their offspring experience when developing in different environments. Using a nutritional geometry methodology, we found that the ratio of proteins-to-carbohydrates (P:C) present in media greatly influenced adult D. suzukii behavior and subsequent offspring development. Whereas adult flies showed a strong bias in their oviposition and association behaviors toward carbohydrate-rich foods, larval survival and eclosion rate were strongly dependent on protein availability. Here, we explore the preference-performance hypothesis (PPH), in which females are predicted to oviposit on medias that provide the greatest offspring benefits, in regard to its relevance in D. suzukii behavior and consequences for management. Our results provide valuable insight into the ecology and evolution of this species that may hopefully lead to more effective management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Young
- Department of BiologyWilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooONCanada
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52
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Wallingford AK, Cha DH, Loeb GM. Evaluating a push-pull strategy for management of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura in red raspberry. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:120-125. [PMID: 28714131 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drosophila suzukii Matsumura is a serious pest of small fruits that lays its eggs in growing fruit. Current management strategies rely on an unsustainable schedule of foliar applications of chemical insecticides. Alternative approaches to suppressing oviposition are under investigation, such as attract-and-kill and the use of oviposition deterrents. Here, we evaluated two behavioral control approaches in combination as a push-pull strategy using laboratory and field assays. RESULTS In laboratory caged assays, both an attractive mass trapping device (pull) and an oviposition deterrent (push: 1-octen-3-ol) reduced oviposition by D. suzukii, and the combination of the two (push-pull) resulted in significantly greater reduction than either treatment alone. In field experiments, oviposition reduction was observed in fruit from plots treated with oviposition deterrent (push) or a combination of mass trapping devices and deterrent (push-pull) compared with fruit from control plots. However, oviposition in plots with mass trapping devices (pull) was higher than observed in all other treatments. Additionally, the protection provided by the deterrent in push plots extended to the entire plot rather than just in fruit closest to deterrent dispensers. CONCLUSION Push-pull treatments negatively affected D. suzukii infestation in both laboratory and field experiments. The reduction in oviposition observed in laboratory experiments was based on the additive effect of push and pull components acting on a finite population, while the reduction observed in field experiments appeared to be mainly based on the effect of pull components. We discuss potential underlying reasons for the discrepancy results and suggest potential improvements. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Wallingford
- Cornell University, New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Dong H Cha
- USDA-ARS, US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Gregory M Loeb
- Cornell University, New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, USA
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53
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Bellutti N, Gallmetzer A, Innerebner G, Schmidt S, Zelger R, Koschier EH. Dietary yeast affects preference and performance in Drosophila suzukii. JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE 2018; 91:651-660. [PMID: 29568250 PMCID: PMC5847167 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-017-0932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Yeasts play an important role in nutrition physiology and host attraction of many Drosophila species, and associations with various yeast species are documented for several drosophilid flies. The pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) has a predominant association with the yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum. However, research has not been conducted on the nutritional physiology of the yeasts associated with D. suzukii (spotted wing drosophila). Therefore, in this study, we determined whether dietary yeast was nutritionally relevant and whether yeast species closely associated with D. suzukii positively affected life-history traits. Our results confirm a crucial role of dietary yeast in the larval development and survival of D. suzukii. Furthermore, we found specific effects of the closely associated yeast species H. uvarum and Candida sp. on larval survival. Observations of the egg-laying behaviour of D. suzukii on cherry fruits artificially colonised with different yeast species revealed that the number of eggs laid increased on fruits colonised with Candida sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bellutti
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Laimburg, Pfatten, South Tyrol Italy
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Gallmetzer
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Laimburg, Pfatten, South Tyrol Italy
| | - Gerd Innerebner
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Laimburg, Pfatten, South Tyrol Italy
| | - Silvia Schmidt
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Laimburg, Pfatten, South Tyrol Italy
| | - Roland Zelger
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Laimburg, Pfatten, South Tyrol Italy
| | - Elisabeth Helene Koschier
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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54
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Wallingford AK, Cha DH, Linn CE, Wolfin MS, Loeb GM. Robust Manipulations of Pest Insect Behavior Using Repellents and Practical Application for Integrated Pest Management. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:1041-1050. [PMID: 28981656 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In agricultural settings, examples of effective control strategies using repellent chemicals in integrated pest management (IPM) are relatively scarce compared to those using attractants. This may be partly due to a poor understanding of how repellents affect insect behavior once they are deployed. Here we attempt to identify potential hallmarks of repellent stimuli that are robust enough for practical use in the field. We explore the literature for success stories using repellents in IPM and we investigate the mechanisms of repellency for two chemical oviposition deterrents for controlling Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, a serious pest of small fruit crops. Drosophila suzukii causes injury by laying her eggs in ripening fruit and resulting larvae make fruit unmarketable. In caged choice tests, reduced oviposition was observed in red raspberry fruit treated with volatile 1-octen-3-ol and geosmin at two initial concentrations (10% and 1%) compared to untreated controls. We used video monitoring to observe fly behavior in these caged choice tests and investigate the mode of action for deterrence through the entire behavioral repertoire leading to oviposition. We observed fewer visitors and more time elapsed before flies first landed on 1-octen-3-ol-treated fruits than control fruits and concluded that this odor primarily inhibits behaviors that occur before D. suzukii comes in contact with a potential oviposition substrate (precontact). We observed some qualitative differences in precontact behavior of flies around geosmin-treated fruits; however, we concluded that this odor primarily inhibits behaviors that occur after D. suzukii comes in contact with treated fruits (postcontact). Field trials found reduced oviposition in red raspberry treated with 1-octen-3-ol and a combination of 1-octen-3-ol and geosmin, but no effect of geosmin alone. Recommendations for further study of repellents for practical use in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Wallingford
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 630 W. North St., Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Dong H Cha
- USDA-ARS, US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI 96720
| | - Charles E Linn
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 630 W. North St., Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Michael S Wolfin
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 630 W. North St., Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Gregory M Loeb
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 630 W. North St., Geneva, NY 14456
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55
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Kim D, Alvarez M, Lechuga LM, Louis M. Species-specific modulation of food-search behavior by respiration and chemosensation in Drosophila larvae. eLife 2017; 6:27057. [PMID: 28871963 PMCID: PMC5584988 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals explore their environment to encounter suitable food resources. Despite its vital importance, this behavior puts individuals at risk by consuming limited internal energy during locomotion. We have developed a novel assay to investigate how food-search behavior is organized in Drosophila melanogaster larvae dwelling in hydrogels mimicking their natural habitat. We define three main behavioral modes: resting at the gel's surface, digging while feeding near the surface, and apneic dives. In unstimulated conditions, larvae spend most of their time digging. By contrast, deep and long exploratory dives are promoted by olfactory stimulations. Hypoxia and chemical repellents impair diving. We report remarkable differences in the dig-and-dive behavior of D. melanogaster and the fruit-pest D. suzukii. The present paradigm offers an opportunity to study how sensory and physiological cues are integrated to balance the limitations of dwelling in imperfect environmental conditions and the risks associated with searching for potentially more favorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyeon Kim
- EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Alvarez
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura M Lechuga
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthieu Louis
- EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
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56
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Huang J, Gut L, Grieshop M. Evaluation of Food-Based Attractants for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:878-884. [PMID: 28575202 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a highly invasive species attacking a wide range of ripening soft-skinned fruits. A series of laboratory choice tests were conducted to determine whether different levels of rice vinegar affected attraction of Merlot wine to D. suzukii, as well as to compare attractiveness of two common fermentation food baits: wine-vinegar and yeast-sugar water mixtures. The relative attraction of various combinations was used to develop a bait whose effectiveness was tested in the field. In laboratory choice experiments, wine-vinegar (80:20, v:v, hereafter referred to as wine) was more preferred over a yeast-sugar water mixture (hereafter referred to as yeast) by D. suzukii. Combination baits, either a mixture of wine and yeast or a mixture of wine and a supernatant from the yeast (comboS), were significantly more attractive than each product alone. The two combination baits were equally attractive to D. suzukii, so were the yeast and its supernatant, suggesting that yeast supernatant could be used as a replacement for the yeast-sugar mixture currently used for trapping D. suzukii. The additive effect between wine and yeast supernatant in the field was not as profound as observed in the laboratory. In the field trial, numerically more male and female D. suzukii were captured in traps baited with comboS than those baited with the wine or yeast alone; however, significant differences were only found between the comboS and wine or between the comboS and yeast in some weeks over the period of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Larry Gut
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Matthew Grieshop
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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57
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Avanesyan A, Jaffe BD, Guédot C. Isolating Spermathecae and Determining Mating Status of Drosophila suzukii: A Protocol for Tissue Dissection and Its Applications. INSECTS 2017; 8:insects8010032. [PMID: 28287438 PMCID: PMC5371960 DOI: 10.3390/insects8010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an emerging invasive pest, which attacks a wide variety of fruits and berries. Although previous studies have focused on different aspects of D. suzukii reproductive biology, there are no protocols available for determining the mating status of D. suzukii females and drosophilids in general. In this study, a step-by-step protocol for tissue dissection, isolating spermathecae, and determining the mating status of females was developed specifically for D. suzukii. This protocol is an effective and relatively quick method for determining female mating status. It has important applications from exploring reproductive output of D. suzukii females to understanding the biology of D. suzukii winter morph, which presumably plays the main role in the overwintering of this invasive species. We demonstrated applicability of this protocol for both field collected flies and flies reared in the lab, including fly specimens stored on a long-term basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Avanesyan
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Benjamin D Jaffe
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Christelle Guédot
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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58
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Bernardi D, Andreazza F, Botton M, Baronio CA, Nava DE. Susceptibility and Interactions of Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Damaging Strawberry. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:1-7. [PMID: 27389188 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) has been recently detected causing damage to strawberries in Brazil. Infestation in strawberry culture has often been observed jointly with the presence of Zaprionus indianus Gupta. This study investigated the susceptibility of strawberries at three ripening stages to infestation of D. suzukii and Z. indianus and their interaction. In the laboratory, strawberries cv. Albion at different ripening stages (green, semi-ripe and ripe) were exposed to D. suzukii and Z. indianus for 24 h in choice and no-choice bioassays. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of mechanical damage incurred artificially or by D. suzukii oviposition on Z. indianus infestation. In no-choice bioassay, there were no significant differences in fruit susceptibility to D. suzukii infestation at different ripening stages. However, in choice bioassay, D. suzukii adults preferred to oviposit on R fruit. The presence of mechanical damage did not increase susceptibility of fruit to D. suzukii oviposition. For Z. indianus, there was greater susceptibility of R fruit in relation to SR and G fruit in both the choice and no-choice bioassays. There was a significant and positive interaction of mechanical damage and damage caused by D. suzukii to R fruit and infestation by Z. indianus, which was not observed in SR and G fruit. Although infestation of Z. indianus is related to attack damaged or decaying fruit, this work shows that this species has the ability to oviposit and develop in healthy strawberry fruit with and increased infestation level when the fruit has damage to its epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bernardi
- Lab de Entomologia, Embrapa Clima Temperado, BR 392 Km 78, cx: 403, CEP 96010-971, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - F Andreazza
- Lab de Entomologia, Embrapa Clima Temperado, BR 392 Km 78, cx: 403, CEP 96010-971, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - M Botton
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho. Rua Livramento, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brasil
| | - C A Baronio
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho. Rua Livramento, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brasil
| | - D E Nava
- Lab de Entomologia, Embrapa Clima Temperado, BR 392 Km 78, cx: 403, CEP 96010-971, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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59
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Andreazza F, Bernardi D, Baronio CA, Pasinato J, Nava DE, Botton M. Toxicities and effects of insecticidal toxic baits to control Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:146-152. [PMID: 27353338 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drosophila suzukii is a primary insect pest that causes direct damage to fruits with a thin epidermis such as strawberries, cherries and blueberries. In strawberry fields, the co-occurrence of D. suzukii and Zaprionus indianus has increased production losses. This study evaluated the toxicities and effects of insecticidal baits to control adults and larvae of both D. suzukii and Z. indianus. RESULTS Organophosphate (dimethoate and malathion), spinosyn (spinosad and spinetoram), pyrethroid (lambda-cyhalothrin) and diamide (cyantraniliprole) insecticides exhibited high toxicity to both adults and larvae of D. suzukii and Z. indianus (mortality >80%) in topical and dip bioassays. However, when the insecticides were mixed with a feeding attractant, a positive effect was observed only for adults of D. suzukii. Insecticides containing neonicotinoids (acetamiprid and thiamethoxam) and pyrolle (chlorfenapyr) caused intermediate mortality to adults of D. suzukii (40-60%) and low mortality for Z. indianus (mortality <23%); however, these compounds reduced the larval infestation of the two species by 55-86%. Botanical (azadirachtin) and sulphur insecticides exhibited low toxicity (mortality <40%) on adults and larvae of both species. CONCLUSION Dimethoate, malathion, spinosad, spinetoram, lambda-cyhalothrin and cyantraniliprole are highly toxic to both larvae and adults of D. suzukii and Z. indianus. The use of toxic baits for adults of D. suzukii could be an alternative in management of this species. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Temperate Climate Embrapa, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cleber A Baronio
- Grape and Wine Embrapa, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Joel Pasinato
- Grape and Wine Embrapa, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dori E Nava
- Temperate Climate Embrapa, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Botton
- Grape and Wine Embrapa, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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60
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Little CM, Chapman TW, Moreau DL, Hillier NK. Susceptibility of selected boreal fruits and berries to the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:160-166. [PMID: 27447732 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drosophila suzukii Matsumara has recently emerged as a major invasive pest species in soft-skinned fruits in berries throughout North America and Europe. Its distribution has spread so rapidly that little is known of the extent of fruit susceptibility, particularly in boreal regions. Populations of D. suzukii increase dramatically in late summer in boreal regions, concurrent with fruiting seasons for commercially and culturally significant fruits and berries. We tested fruit preference and susceptibility of lingonberry, blueberry, chokecherry, sea buckthorn and raspberry fruits to D. suzukii. RESULTS Female D. suzukii attempted to oviposit on all fruit types tested. Fruits with lower brix and lower pH levels were preferred in choice tests. Undamaged lingonberries were relatively safe from infestation; however, bruised or frost-damaged fruits were easily penetrated. Sea buckthorn and raspberry fruits were highly preferred. CONCLUSION Although blueberry growers have experienced severe economic crop losses due to D. suzukii, we have found that blueberries were the least preferred of the fruits tested. This suggests that D. suzukii are largely opportunistic and highlights the importance of fruit phenology in fruit susceptibility. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Little
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - Thomas W Chapman
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - Debra L Moreau
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - N Kirk Hillier
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
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61
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Rice KB, Short BD, Jones SK, Leskey TC. Behavioral Responses of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to Visual Stimuli Under Laboratory, Semifield, and Field Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:1480-1488. [PMID: 28028095 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive pest in North America and Europe that attacks soft-skinned ripening fruit such as raspberries, blackberries, and blueberries. Little is known regarding the specific cues D. suzukii utilizes to locate and select host fruit, and inconsistencies in trap performance indicate the need for the development of improved monitoring and management techniques for this insect. Our studies focused on identifying attractive visual cues for adult D. suzukii and incorporating these cues into a potential attract-and-kill tactic for D. suzukii management. We evaluated D. suzukii response to color, shape, and size-specific stimuli. For color, we evaluated 10.2-cm-diameter spheres painted black, red, purple, orange, green, yellow, blue, or white. Shape stimuli (254 cm3 surface area) included sphere, cube, pyramid, inverted pyramid, vertical or horizontal cylinder and were painted red. Size stimuli included red 2.5-, 10.2-, 15.2-, and 25.4-cm-diameter spheres. Trials were conducted under laboratory, semifield, and field conditions. For color, adults preferred black and red spheres to all other colors evaluated. Among shapes, there was no significant preference. For size, larger spheres captured significantly more D. suzukii compared with a small 2.5-cm-diameter sphere. Determining D. suzukii visual preference will aid in trapping and behaviorally based management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Rice
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430-2771 (; ; ; )
| | - Brent D Short
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430-2771 (; ; ; )
| | - Sharon K Jones
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430-2771 (; ; ; )
| | - Tracy C Leskey
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430-2771 (; ; ; )
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62
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Leach H, Van Timmeren S, Isaacs R. Exclusion Netting Delays and Reduces Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Infestation in Raspberries. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:2151-2158. [PMID: 27417641 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a new frugivorous pest of raspberries and other soft fruits in North America, causing infestation of fruit at harvest time. Control of this pest has primarily been through the application of broad-spectrum insecticides to prevent oviposition and larval development, and there is an urgent need for alternative approaches. Over two growing seasons, we compared D. suzukii control in a research planting with insecticide and exclusion treatments in a factorial design, monitoring first-, second-, and third-instar Drosophila larvae in ripening, ripe, and overripe berries. Each of the two control approaches provided significant reduction of infestation in raspberry fruit, but the combination treatment had the lowest overall abundance of larvae in fruit. This pattern was seen for all larval instars in both years. The combination treatment also delayed the first detected larval infestation by 10 d compared to the untreated plots. Exclusion netting applied to commercial size high tunnels resulted in a significant reduction in overall D. suzukii infestation in raspberries, as well as a 3-wk delay in the average first detectable fruit infestation. Raspberry size and quality were not affected by the exclusion treatments, indicating that this approach can be an important component of growers' response to invasion by D. suzukii in temperate climates. We discuss the opportunities and limitations for implementing exclusion netting in raspberry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Leach
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (; ; )
| | - Steven Van Timmeren
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (; ; )
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (; ; )
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63
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Mori BA, Whitener AB, Leinweber Y, Revadi S, Beers EH, Witzgall P, Becher PG. Enhanced yeast feeding following mating facilitates control of the invasive fruit pestDrosophila suzukii. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boyd A. Mori
- Department of Plant Protection Biology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Alix B. Whitener
- Department of Entomology; WSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center; 1100 N. Western Avenue Wenatchee WA 98801 USA
| | - Yannick Leinweber
- Department of Plant Protection Biology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Santosh Revadi
- Department of Plant Protection Biology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Elizabeth H. Beers
- Department of Entomology; WSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center; 1100 N. Western Avenue Wenatchee WA 98801 USA
| | - Peter Witzgall
- Department of Plant Protection Biology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Paul G. Becher
- Department of Plant Protection Biology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
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Scheidler NH, Liu C, Hamby KA, Zalom FG, Syed Z. Volatile codes: Correlation of olfactory signals and reception in Drosophila-yeast chemical communication. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14059. [PMID: 26391997 PMCID: PMC4585764 DOI: 10.1038/srep14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila have evolved strong mutualistic associations with yeast communities that best support their growth and survival, resulting in the development of novel niches. It has been suggested that flies recognize their cognate yeasts primarily based on the rich repertoire of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from the yeasts. Thus, it remained an exciting avenue to study whether fly spp. detect and discriminate yeast strains based on odor alone, and if so, how such resolution is achieved by the olfactory system in flies. We used two fly species known to exploit different niches and harboring different yeasts, D. suzukii (a pest of fresh fruit) and D. melanogaster (a saprophytic fly and a neurogenetic model organism). We initially established the behavioral preference of both fly species to six Drosophila-associated yeasts; then chemically analyzed the VOC profile of each yeast which revealed quantitative and qualitative differences; and finally isolated and identified the physiologically active constituents from yeast VOCs for each drosophilid that potentially define attraction. By employing chemical, behavioral, and electrophysiological analyses, we provide a comprehensive portrait of the olfactory neuroethological correlates underlying fly-yeast coadaptation in two drosophilids with distinct habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole H Scheidler
- Department of Biological Sciences &Eck Institute for Global Health University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Cheng Liu
- Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Kelly A Hamby
- Entomology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Frank G Zalom
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zainulabeuddin Syed
- Department of Biological Sciences &Eck Institute for Global Health University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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