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Thiele H, Akin I, Sandri M, Fuernau G, de Waha S, Meyer-Saraei R, Nordbeck P, Geisler T, Landmesser U, Skurk C, Fach A, Lapp H, Piek JJ, Noc M, Goslar T, Felix SB, Maier LS, Stepinska J, Oldroyd K, Serpytis P, Montalescot G, Barthelemy O, Huber K, Windecker S, Savonitto S, Torremante P, Vrints C, Schneider S, Desch S, Zeymer U. PCI Strategies in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:2419-2432. [PMID: 29083953 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1710261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 683] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients who have acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock, early revascularization of the culprit artery by means of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) improves outcomes. However, the majority of patients with cardiogenic shock have multivessel disease, and whether PCI should be performed immediately for stenoses in nonculprit arteries is controversial. METHODS In this multicenter trial, we randomly assigned 706 patients who had multivessel disease, acute myocardial infarction, and cardiogenic shock to one of two initial revascularization strategies: either PCI of the culprit lesion only, with the option of staged revascularization of nonculprit lesions, or immediate multivessel PCI. The primary end point was a composite of death or severe renal failure leading to renal-replacement therapy within 30 days after randomization. Safety end points included bleeding and stroke. RESULTS At 30 days, the composite primary end point of death or renal-replacement therapy had occurred in 158 of the 344 patients (45.9%) in the culprit-lesion-only PCI group and in 189 of the 341 patients (55.4%) in the multivessel PCI group (relative risk, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71 to 0.96; P=0.01). The relative risk of death in the culprit-lesion-only PCI group as compared with the multivessel PCI group was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.98; P=0.03), and the relative risk of renal-replacement therapy was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.49 to 1.03; P=0.07). The time to hemodynamic stabilization, the risk of catecholamine therapy and the duration of such therapy, the levels of troponin T and creatine kinase, and the rates of bleeding and stroke did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among patients who had multivessel coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock, the 30-day risk of a composite of death or severe renal failure leading to renal-replacement therapy was lower among those who initially underwent PCI of the culprit lesion only than among those who underwent immediate multivessel PCI. (Funded by the European Union 7th Framework Program and others; CULPRIT-SHOCK ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01927549 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Thiele
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Marcus Sandri
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Georg Fuernau
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Suzanne de Waha
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Roza Meyer-Saraei
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Peter Nordbeck
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Tobias Geisler
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Carsten Skurk
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Andreas Fach
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Harald Lapp
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Jan J Piek
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Marko Noc
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Tomaž Goslar
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Stephan B Felix
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Lars S Maier
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Janina Stepinska
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Keith Oldroyd
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Pranas Serpytis
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Gilles Montalescot
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Olivier Barthelemy
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Kurt Huber
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Stephan Windecker
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Stefano Savonitto
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Patrizia Torremante
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Christiaan Vrints
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Steffen Schneider
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Steffen Desch
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
| | - Uwe Zeymer
- From Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig (H.T., M.S., S.D.), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim (I.A.), University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S.), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (G.F., S. de Waha, R.M.-S., U.L., C.S., S.B.F., S.D.) and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (U.L., C.S.), Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen (T. Geisler), Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen (A.F.), Helios Klinik Erfurt, Erfurt (H.L.), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald (S.B.F.), Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Regensburg (L.S.M.), and Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (S. Schneider, U.Z.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen - all in Germany; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.); University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.N., T. Goslar); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (P.S.); Sorbonne Université Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., O.B.), and Applied Research, Technology Transfer, Industrial Collaboration, Société Par Actions Simplifiée (P.T.), Paris; Wilhelminenspital, Department of Cardiology, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna (K.H.); University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland (S. Windecker); Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy (S. Savonitto); and Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (C.V.)
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