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Rossi MK, Pasanen K, Heinonen A, Myklebust G, Kannus P, Kujala UM, Tokola K, Parkkari J. Incidence and risk factors for back pain in young floorball and basketball players: A Prospective study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:2407-2415. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Rossi
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine; Tampere Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - K. Pasanen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine; Tampere Finland
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research; Tampere Finland
- Faculty of Kinesiology; Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
| | - A. Heinonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - G. Myklebust
- Department of Sports Sciences; Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - P. Kannus
- Injury and Osteoporosis Research Center; UKK Institute; Tampere Finland
| | - U. M. Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - K. Tokola
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine; Tampere Finland
| | - J. Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine; Tampere Finland
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research; Tampere Finland
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Aktürk S, Büyükavcı R, Aktürk Ü. Relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and physical inactivity in adolescents. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-0923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Vega E, Beaulieu Y, Gauvin R, Ferland C, Stabile S, Pitt R, Gonzalez Cardenas VH, Ingelmo PM. Chronic non-cancer pain in children: we have a problem, but also solutions. Minerva Anestesiol 2018; 84:1081-1092. [PMID: 29745621 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.18.12367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents has been described as "a modern public health disaster" that has generated significant medical and economic burdens within society. Seen as a disease in its own right, chronic pain has short and long-term consequences that impact not only the patient's health but also that of friends and families, due to significant parenting stress and disruptions in family life and structure. The evidence supporting pharmacological treatments and interventional procedures is limited, and no single strategy has been shown to be completely effective in children with chronic non-cancer pain. Therefore, considering the multifactorial nature of chronic pain, these patients should be treated with a multidisciplinary, balanced approach that seeks a primary outcome of improved functioning rather than of pain reduction. Using a bio-psycho-social approach, a multidisciplinary team, including a physiotherapist, nurse, social worker, psychologist, and physician, has been effective in achieving this outcome of improved functioning in children and adolescents with chronic pain. In this review, we discuss the impact, associated conditions, and evolution of chronic pain, along with the crucial role of every member of a multidisciplinary chronic pain clinic involved in the care of the children and adolescents with chronic non-cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vega
- Chronic Pain Service, Department of Anesthesia, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yves Beaulieu
- Chronic Pain Service, Department of Anesthesia, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rachel Gauvin
- Chronic Pain Service, Department of Anesthesia, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Catherine Ferland
- Chronic Pain Service, Department of Anesthesia, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stephanie Stabile
- Chronic Pain Service, Department of Anesthesia, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rebecca Pitt
- Chronic Pain Service, Department of Anesthesia, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Victor H Gonzalez Cardenas
- Chronic Pain Service, Department of Anesthesia, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,University Foundation for Health Sciences, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pablo M Ingelmo
- Chronic Pain Service, Department of Anesthesia, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada - .,The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Adolescent Internet Use, Social Integration, and Depressive Symptoms: Analysis from a Longitudinal Cohort Survey. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2018; 39:318-324. [PMID: 29461298 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between adolescent leisure-time Internet use and social integration in the school context and how this association affects later depressive symptoms among adolescents in Taiwan, using a large nationwide cohort study and the latent growth model (LGM) method. METHODS Data of 3795 students followed from the year 2001 to 2006 in the Taiwan Education Panel Survey were analyzed. Leisure-time Internet use was defined by the hours per week spent on (1) online chatting and (2) online games. School social integration and depressive symptoms were self-reported. We first used an unconditional LGM to estimate the baseline (intercept) and growth (slope) of Internet use. Next, another LGM conditioned with school social integration and depression was conducted. RESULTS Approximately 10% of the participants reported engaging in online chatting and/or gaming for more than 20 hours per week. Internet use for online chatting showed an increase over time. School social integration was associated with the baseline amount (coefficient = -0.62, p < 0.001) but not the growth of leisure-time Internet use. The trend of Internet use was positively related to depressive symptoms (coefficient = 0.31, p < 0.05) at Wave 4. CONCLUSION School social integration was initially associated with decreased leisure-time Internet use among adolescents. The growth of Internet use with time was not explainable by school social integration but had adverse impacts on depression. Reinforcing adolescents' bonding to school may prevent initial leisure-time Internet use. When advising on adolescent Internet use, health care providers should consider their patients' social networks and mental well-being.
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Sellschop IV, Myezwa H, Mudzi W, Musenge E. Ergonomic behaviour of learners in a digitally driven school environment: Modification using an ergonomic intervention programme. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2018; 74:348. [PMID: 30135912 PMCID: PMC6093115 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v74i1.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Computer use is increasing amongst adolescents and so is the potential for related musculoskeletal pain and postural changes. The cumulative effect of this technology-induced, sedentary lifestyle leads to poor posture, pain, repetitive strain injury and dysfunctional movement patterns. Objectives The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of a computer-related ergonomic intervention for adolescents in a school environment on posture and ergonomic behaviour. Methods All Grade 8 learners at two randomly selected private schools in Johannesburg were invited to participate in the study (n = 127). A controlled trial compared an intervention group with a control group. The computer usage questionnaire and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-intervention. The intervention consisted of a participatory educational programme. An intention-to-treat analysis was undertaken. Alpha level was set at p = 0.05. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and between-group analysis of variance, determined differences in the number of participants in the RULA action levels between groups after the intervention and the comparison of positions and type of computer. Results At 6 months post-intervention, there were no participants in action level (AL) 4 and the number of participants in AL 3 had reduced from 26.2% at baseline to 14.8% in the intervention group (p < 0.001). The control group RULA scores worsened over the period of 6 months. Although the learners were still not in an ’acceptable’ range of postural positions, there was a significant improvement between the pre-intervention and post-intervention stage (p < 0.001). Conclusion These findings demonstrate the effect of an ergonomic intervention and its sustainability over 6 months. Clinical implications The clinical contribution of this study to our healthcare system is that through the early identification and intervention of the poor ergonomics in a school environment, a positive impact on reducing poor postural behaviour amongst learners can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hellen Myezwa
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Witness Mudzi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Eustatius Musenge
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
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Low Back Pain among Medical Students in Belgrade (Serbia): A Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Res Manag 2018; 2018:8317906. [PMID: 29623146 PMCID: PMC5829428 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8317906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim To examine the prevalence of low back pain, to identify self-perceived triggers of low back pain, and to investigate the impact of perceived pain on the daily activities and mood among medical students. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 459 fourth year students at the Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade during December 2014. The anonymous questionnaire was used for data collection. In data analysis, the chi-square test and t-test were used. Results The lifetime prevalence of low back pain was 75.8%, 12-month prevalence 59.5%, and point prevalence 17.2%. Chronic low back pain was experienced by 12.4% of the students. Both the lifetime (p=0.001) and the 12-month (p=0.001) low back pain prevalence rates were significantly higher among female medical students. Mental stress during an exam period (p=0.001), sitting at the university (p=0.002), fatigue (p=0.043), improper body posture (p=0.005), and lack of exercise (p=0.001) as self-perceived triggers of low back pain were significantly more often reported by female students, compared to males. Regarding daily functioning, the experience of low back pain mostly affects students sleeping (14.6%) and walking (12.0%). Conclusions The prevalence of LBP is high among Belgrade medical students and significantly affects their everyday functioning.
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Association Between Smartphone Use and Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Adolescent Students. J Community Health 2018; 42:423-430. [PMID: 27734246 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-016-0271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the substantial increase in the number of adolescent smartphone users, few studies have investigated the behavioural effects of smartphone use on adolescent students as it relates to musculoskeletal discomfort. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between smartphone use and musculoskeletal discomfort in students at a Taiwanese junior college. We hypothesised that the duration of smartphone use would be associated with increased instances of musculoskeletal discomfort in these students. This cross-sectional study employed a convenience sampling method to recruit students from a junior college in southern Taiwan. All the students (n = 315) were asked to answer questionnaires on smartphone use. A descriptive analysis, stepwise regression, and logistic regression were used to examine specific components of smartphone use and their relationship to musculoskeletal discomfort. Nearly half of the participants experienced neck and shoulder discomfort. The stepwise regression results indicated that the number of body parts with discomfort (F = 6.009, p < 0.05) increased with hours spent using ancillary smartphone functions. The logistic regression analysis showed that the students who talked on the phone >3 h/day had a higher risk of upper back discomfort than did those who talked on the phone <1 h/day [odds ratio (OR) = 4.23, p < 0.05]. This study revealed that the relationship between smartphone use and musculoskeletal discomfort is related to the duration of smartphone ancillary function use. Moreover, hours spent talking on the phone was a predictor of upper back discomfort.
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Haghshenas B, Habibi E, Haji Esmaeil Hajar F, Ghanbary Sartang A, van Wijk L, Khakkar S. The association between musculoskeletal disorders with mental workload and occupational fatigue in the office staff of a communication service company in Tehran, Iran, in 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/johe.7.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Sekiguchi T, Hagiwara Y, Momma H, Tsuchiya M, Kuroki K, Kanazawa K, Yabe Y, Yoshida S, Koide M, Itaya N, Itoi E, Nagatomi R. Excessive game playing is associated with musculoskeletal pain among youth athletes: a cross-sectional study in Miyagi prefecture. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1801-1807. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1420453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruki Momma
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health & Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kuroki
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Kanazawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yoshida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Koide
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Itaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health & Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
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Xu X, Liu Y, Liu D, Li X, Rao Y, Sharma M, Zhao Y. Prevalence and Determinants of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121532. [PMID: 29292753 PMCID: PMC5750950 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Objectives: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to examine its associations with social and behavioral factors, maternal body mass index (BMI), anemia, and hypertension. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on data collected from 2345 pregnant women from 16 hospitals in five selected provinces in mainland China. RESULTS Prevalence of GDM was as follows: overall: 3.7%; pregnant women in the first pregnancy: 3.4%; pregnant women in the second pregnancy: 4.6%. Compared with early pregnancy women, late-stage pregnant women were more likely to have GDM (OR = 4.32, 95% CI (1.82, 10.27)). Compared with 18-25 years old pregnant women, women aged 36-45 years were more likely to have GDM (OR = 3.98, 95% CI (1.41, 11.28). Compared with non-hypertensive patients, hypertensive patients were more likely to have GDM (OR = 6.93, 95% CI (1.28, 37.64)). However, second pregnancy, high maternal BMI, prolonged screen time (TV-viewing time, computer-using time, and mobile-phone using time), insufficient and excessive sleep duration, poor sleep quality, smoking, and secondhand smoke exposure were not significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM. Conclusions: Women in the second pregnancy do not appear to predict an increased risk for developing GDM than women in the first pregnancy. High-risk groups of GDM included women in their late pregnancy, aged 36-45 years old, and with hypertension. The findings will contribute to an improved understanding of social and behavioral determinants of GDM in Chinese population and contribute to the development of health-prevention promotion interventions to address GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Xu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of the Second Clinical, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; lyniniy @163.com
| | - Dengyuan Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xiaoming Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yunshuang Rao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USA.
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Musculoskeletal complaints while growing up from age 11 to age 14: the PIAMA birth cohort study. Pain 2017; 157:2826-2833. [PMID: 27780179 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) among adults, several risk factors are known, but the most important determinant is an earlier episode of MSCs. Research has shifted to younger ages, showing a high prevalence of MSCs among children and adolescents. Our purpose was to evaluate the prevalence of MSCs among those growing up from age 11 to 14 and to explore the role of several sociodemographic, growth and development, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors. Data collected at age 11 (n = 2651) and age 14 (n = 2522) in the ongoing Dutch Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) birth cohort study were used. Analyses included multiple logistic regression analyses using stepwise backward selection. The 1-year prevalence of any MSCs for at least 1 month increased from 15.8% at age 11 to 24.4% at age 14, and this was also found for upper extremity complaints (from 4.7% to 7.6%), back complaints (from 2.7% to 9.3%), and lower extremity complaints (from 11.9% to 14.7%). More MSCs were found among girls, those with sports injuries, those with sleeping problems, and those with daytime tiredness, although complaints at age 11 were by far the most important factor associated with MSCs at age 14 for all pain sites. This study showed that MSC is already common at an early age and that already at age 14 the factor with the strongest association is an earlier episode of MSCs. Sleeping problems and tiredness may also play a role in the early development of MSCs, either as determinant or as a consequence.
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Howie EK, Coenen P, Campbell AC, Ranelli S, Straker LM. Head, trunk and arm posture amplitude and variation, muscle activity, sedentariness and physical activity of 3 to 5 year-old children during tablet computer use compared to television watching and toy play. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 65:41-50. [PMID: 28802459 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Young children (ages 3 to 5) are using mobile touchscreen technology, including tablet computers, yet little is known on the potential musculoskeletal and physical activity implications of its use. This within-subject laboratory study (n = 10) examined head, trunk and arm postures, upper trapezius muscle activity, and total body and upper limb physical activity during playing with tablets compared to during TV watching and playing with non-screen toys. Overall, this study found that during tablet play children had greater mean head, trunk and upper arm angles compared to both TV watching and toy play. Conversely, compared to toy play, children playing with tablets had lesser trunk, upper arm and elbow postural variation, lesser trapezius activity, more time sitting and lesser physical activity. Thus, to minimize potential musculoskeletal and sedentary risks, non-screen toy play should be encouraged and education and guidelines provided for parents and caretakers to support wise use of tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Pieter Coenen
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Amity C Campbell
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sonia Ranelli
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Low Back Pain With Impact at 17 Years of Age Is Predicted by Early Adolescent Risk Factors From Multiple Domains: Analysis of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017; 47:752-762. [PMID: 28915771 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2017.7464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Study Design Prospective cohort study of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Background Low back pain (LBP) commonly develops in adolescence and is a significant risk factor for adult LBP. A broad range of factors have been associated with the development of adolescent LBP, but prior literature has limitations related to characterization of LBP and the scope of risk factors considered. Objective This study aimed to identify potential factors contributing to the development of LBP, with and without impact, at 17 years of age, utilizing a broad range of exposures at 14 years of age. Methods Data from 1088 participants (52.1% female) with "no LBP," "LBP with minimal impact," and "LBP with impact" at 17 years of age and a range of measures from multiple domains, including spinal pain, physical, psychological, social, and lifestyle, at 14 years of age were collected for the study. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association of potential mechanistic factors at 14 years of age with LBP at 17 years of age. Results Female sex and back pain at 14 years of age were strongly associated with LBP at 17 years of age. Potential mechanistic factors for LBP outcomes at 17 years of age included exposures from the pain (neck/shoulder pain) and physical domains (standing posture subgroup membership, back muscle endurance, throwing distance), psychological domain (somatic complaints, aggressive behavior), social domain (socioeconomic area), and lifestyle domain (exercise out of school). Conclusion The findings support the multidimensional nature of adolescent LBP and highlight the challenge this presents for epidemiological research, clinical practice, and prevention initiatives in the general population. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(10):752-762. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7464.
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Toh SH, Coenen P, Howie EK, Straker LM. The associations of mobile touch screen device use with musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures: A systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181220. [PMID: 28787453 PMCID: PMC5546699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of mobile touch screen devices (MTSDs) has increased rapidly over the last decade, and there are concerns that their use may have negative musculoskeletal consequences; yet evidence on the association of MTSD use with musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures is currently dispersed. The aim of this study was to systematically review available literature on musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures associated with MTSD use. The synthesised information may facilitate wise use of MTSDs and may identify areas in need of further research. METHODS EMBASE, Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO and Proquest electronic databases were searched for articles published up to June 2016, using keywords describing MTSD, musculoskeletal symptoms (e.g. pain, discomfort) and musculoskeletal exposures (e.g. posture, muscle activity). Two reviewers independently screened the articles, extracted relevant data and assessed methodological quality of included studies. Due to heterogeneity in the studies, a meta-analysis was not possible and a structured narrative synthesis of the findings was undertaken. RESULTS A total of 9,908 articles were screened for eligibility with 45 articles finally included for review. Included articles were of cross-sectional, case-control or experimental laboratory study designs. No longitudinal studies were identified. Findings were presented and discussed in terms of the amount, features, tasks and positions of MTSD use and its association with musculoskeletal symptoms and musculoskeletal exposures. CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence that MTSD use, and various aspects of its use (i.e. amount of usage, features, tasks and positions) are associated with musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures. This is due to mainly low quality experimental and case-control laboratory studies, with few cross-sectional and no longitudinal studies. Further research is warranted in order to develop guidelines for wise use of MTSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Hui Toh
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Physiotherapy Department, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pieter Coenen
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erin K. Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Leon M. Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Silva AG, Couto PS, Queirós A, Neto M, Rocha NP. Chronic pain in high school students is associated with physical activity and sleeping hours but not with screen time. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017. [PMID: 28628479 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2017-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Existing studies on the association between physical activity (PA), screen based time and sleeping show conflicting results. Objective This study investigates the association between chronic pain at different body regions and self-reported PA, screen based time and sleeping hours in high school students. Subjects A total of 969 students aged 13-19 years old. Methods Participants completed a questionnaire on chronic pain, time spent in moderate and vigorous PA, screen based time watching televivsion (TV)/digital versatile discs (DVD), playing, using mobile phones and computers and sleeping hours. Univariate and multivariate associations between pain and PA, screen based time and sleeping hours were investigated. Results In the univariate model time spent in moderate and vigorous PA, in screen based activities and sleeping were associated with pain in at least one body site. In the multivariate model, screen based activities were not associated with pain; sleeping 7 h or less and increased time in moderate PA were associated with pain at almost all body sites [odds ratio (OR) between 2.69-3.66 and 1.06-1.10, respectively]. Conclusion Time spent in PA and sleeping increased the risk of chronic pain in almost all body regions and might confound the association between screen based time and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela G Silva
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Phone: :+234401558, ext: 23899, Fax: +234401597.,Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Piso 2, edifício nascente, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Sá Couto
- Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), Department of Mathematics (DMAT), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Queirós
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,Institute of Electronics and Telematics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maritza Neto
- Primary Healthcare Center, Av. Dr. Rocha Madail,S/N, Ílhavo, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson P Rocha
- Institute of Electronics and Telematics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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LEE PERLHAN, YEH YICHUN, HSIAO RAYC, YEN CHENGFANG, HU HUEIFAN. Pain-related quality of life related to mental health and sociodemographic indicators in adolescents. ARCH CLIN PSYCHIAT 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- PERL HAN LEE
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - YI-CHUN YEH
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - RAY C. HSIAO
- University of Washington, United States; Children’s Hospital, United States
| | - CHENG-FANG YEN
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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Comparison of the effectiveness of resistance training in women with chronic computer-related neck pain: a randomized controlled study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 90:673-683. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Silva AG, Sa-Couto P, Queirós A, Neto M, Rocha NP. Pain, pain intensity and pain disability in high school students are differently associated with physical activity, screening hours and sleep. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:194. [PMID: 28511650 PMCID: PMC5434614 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies exploring the association between physical activity, screen time and sleep and pain usually focus on a limited number of painful body sites. Nevertheless, pain at different body sites is likely to be of different nature. Therefore, this study aims to explore and compare the association between time spent in self-reported physical activity, in screen based activities and sleeping and i) pain presence in the last 7-days for 9 different body sites; ii) pain intensity at 9 different body sites and iii) global disability. Methods Nine hundred sixty nine students completed a questionnaire on pain, time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity, screen based time watching TV/DVD, playing, using mobile phones and computers and sleeping hours. Univariate and multivariate associations between pain presence, pain intensity and disability and physical activity, screen based time and sleeping hours were investigated. Results Pain presence: sleeping remained in the multivariable model for the neck, mid back, wrists, knees and ankles/feet (OR 1.17 to 2.11); moderate physical activity remained in the multivariate model for the neck, shoulders, wrists, hips and ankles/feet (OR 1.06 to 1.08); vigorous physical activity remained in the multivariate model for mid back, knees and ankles/feet (OR 1.05 to 1.09) and screen time remained in the multivariate model for the low back (OR = 2.34. Pain intensity: screen time and moderate physical activity remained in the multivariable model for pain intensity at the neck, mid back, low back, shoulder, knees and ankles/feet (Rp2 0.02 to 0.04) and at the wrists (Rp2 = 0.04), respectively. Disability showed no association with sleeping, screen time or physical activity. Conclusions This study suggests both similarities and differences in the patterns of association between time spent in physical activity, sleeping and in screen based activities and pain presence at 8 different body sites. In addition, they also suggest that the factors associated with the presence of pain, pain intensity and pain associated disability are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela G Silva
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. .,Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Piso 2, edifício nascente, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Sa-Couto
- Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), Department of Mathematics (DMAT), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Queirós
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.,Institute of Electronics and Telematics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maritza Neto
- Primary Healthcare Center, Av. Dr. Rocha Madail,S/N, Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - Nelson P Rocha
- Institute of Electronics and Telematics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Xie Y, Szeto G, Dai J. Prevalence and risk factors associated with musculoskeletal complaints among users of mobile handheld devices: A systematic review. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 59:132-142. [PMID: 27890121 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed at evaluating the prevalence and risk factors for musculoskeletal complaints associated with mobile handheld device use. Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL and Embase were searched. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed. Strength of evidence for risk factors was determined based on study designs, methodological quality and consistency of results. Five high-quality, eight acceptable-quality and two low-quality peer-reviewed articles were included. This review demonstrates that the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among mobile device users ranges from 1.0% to 67.8% and neck complaints have the highest prevalence rates ranging from 17.3% to 67.8%. This study also finds some evidence for neck flexion, frequency of phone calls, texting and gaming in relation to musculoskeletal complaints among mobile device users. Inconclusive evidence is shown for other risk factors such as duration of use and human-device interaction techniques due to inconsistent results or a limited number of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Grace Szeto
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Noll M, Silveira EA, de Avelar IS. Evaluation of factors associated with severe and frequent back pain in high school athletes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171978. [PMID: 28222141 PMCID: PMC5319774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that half of all young athletes experience back pain (BP). However, high intensity and frequency of BP may be harmful, and the factors associated with BP severity have not been investigated in detail. Here, we investigated the factors associated with a high intensity and high frequency of BP in high school athletes. We included 251 athletes (173 boys and 78 girls [14-20 years old]) in this cross-sectional study. The dependent variables were a high frequency and high intensity of BP, and the independent variables were demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, hereditary, anthropometric, behavioural, and postural factors and the level of exercise. The effect measure is presented as prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Of 251 athletes, 104 reported BP; thus, only these athletes were included in the present analysis. Results of multivariable analysis showed an association between high BP intensity and time spent using a computer (PR: 1.15, CI: 1.01-1.33), posture while writing (PR: 1.41, CI: 1.27-1.58), and posture while using a computer (PR: 1.39, CI: 1.26-1.54). Multivariable analysis also revealed an association of high BP frequency with studying in bed (PR: 1.19, CI: 1.01-1.40) and the method of carrying a backpack (PR: 1.19, CI: 1.01-1.40). In conclusion, we found that behavioural and postural factors are associated with a high intensity and frequency of BP. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to compare different intensities and frequencies of BP, and our results may help physicians and coaches to better understand BP in high school athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Noll
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ivan Silveira de Avelar
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
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Souza A, Barreto A, Emerenciano L, Rêgo H, Dantas G, Carvalho R. CERVICALGIA E LESÕES MUSCULOESQUELÉTICAS ASSOCIADAS AO USO DE APARELHOS ELETRÔNICOS EM ADOLESCENTES E ADULTOS JOVENS. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2017.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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72
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Ruivo RM, Pezarat-Correia P, Carita AI. Effects of a Resistance and Stretching Training Program on Forward Head and Protracted Shoulder Posture in Adolescents. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2017; 40:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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van Niekerk SM, Louw QA, Grimmer K. Does a prototype 'Experimental' chair facilitate more postural changes in computing adolescents compared to a normal school chair? Work 2016; 55:63-75. [PMID: 27612070 DOI: 10.3233/wor-162390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged sitting, such as when computing, has been linked to adolescent spinal pain. A chair should fit the user's body dimensions and aid the user in frequently changing sitting posture, rather than support one 'ideal' posture. Such a chair is not currently available to high school learners. OBJECTIVES To develop a novel experimental school chair. To determine whether the experimental chair encourages regular small range movement in all directions whilst students work at computers in class. To compare the number of postural changes between the normal static school chair and the experimental chair, whilst students do computing work. METHODS A development and validation study was conducted. Twelve high school students were randomly selected from a conveniently selected school. Fifteen minutes of 3D posture measurements were collected in both the prototype and school computer chair. The analysis focused on the frequency of postural movement. RESULTS Data of eleven learners were analysed. There were statistically significant increases in the number of postural changes on the 'Experimental' chair compared to the school chair, for both pelvic side-flexion and pelvic rotation (ρ= 0.01). CONCLUSION The experimental chair provided more postural movements when compared to the school computer chair. Future studies should use this experimental chair to determine the effect of increased postural movement, of especially the pelvis, on the prevalence and intensity of musculoskeletal symptoms of high school learners in the Cape Metropole area, Western Cape, South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjan-Mari van Niekerk
- FNB Movement Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Quinette Abegail Louw
- FNB Movement Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Karen Grimmer
- FNB Movement Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.,International Centre for Allied Health Evidence (iCAHE), City East Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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74
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Montagni I, Guichard E, Carpenet C, Tzourio C, Kurth T. Screen time exposure and reporting of headaches in young adults: A cross-sectional study. Cephalalgia 2016; 36:1020-1027. [PMID: 26634831 DOI: 10.1177/0333102415620286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this article is to investigate whether excessive screen time exposure is associated with non-migraine headache and migraine in young adults. Background Increased levels of television time have been associated with increased risk of headache. However, time spent using newer electronic devices with a screen (smartphone, tablet) has not been examined yet. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 4927 participants of the French i-Share cohort. Demographic characteristics, screen time exposure (computers, tablets, smartphones and television) as well as headache/migraine symptoms were recorded in a standardized questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between screen time exposure and headache status. Results Participants had a mean age of 20.8 years and 75.5% were female. The multivariable model showed that students in the highest screen time exposure quintile had an increased risk for migraine. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 1.37 (1.14 to 1.66) for migraine when compared with students without headache and with low screen time exposure. This association was somewhat stronger for migraine without aura (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.89). We found no significant association between screen time exposure and non-migraine headache. Conclusion High levels of screen time exposure are associated with migraine in young adults. No significant association was found with non-migraine headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Montagni
- 1 INSERM Research Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics U897, Team Neuroepidemiology, Bordeaux, France.,2 College of Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Elie Guichard
- 1 INSERM Research Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics U897, Team Neuroepidemiology, Bordeaux, France.,2 College of Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Carpenet
- 1 INSERM Research Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics U897, Team Neuroepidemiology, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- 1 INSERM Research Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics U897, Team Neuroepidemiology, Bordeaux, France.,2 College of Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Tobias Kurth
- 1 INSERM Research Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics U897, Team Neuroepidemiology, Bordeaux, France.,2 College of Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, France
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75
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Li L, Lin TT. Examining Weibo posting anxiety among well-educated youth in China. INFORMATION DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0266666915596057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study extends the application of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to investigate the nature of Weibo posting anxiety and its determinants (i.e., micro-blogging self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and prior experience) among well-educated youth in China. Analyzing semi-structured interviews with Chinese Weibo users, this study identified four dimensions of microblogging posting anxiety, including social-, writing-, technology-, and safety-related anxiety. Fear of receiving negative evaluation from offline friends and leaking personal information to unknown/dangerous readers were the main reasons for their Weibo posting anxiety. Prior experiences of obtaining undesirable comments and disappointing feedback were found to create negative outcome expectations of Weibo usage (e.g., deteriorating self-presentation and causing misunderstanding), which may indirectly induce Weibo posting anxiety. However, self-efficacy did not play a significant role in generating anxious reactions towards Weibo posting. Theoretically, this study uses an SCT analytical lens to enhance the understanding of Weibo posting anxiety among Chinese users. Practically, the findings provide insights to services operators and system designers about users’ anxiety in using social media like Weibo so as to improve the service and boost the usage. Note: An oral presentation of this article was made at the 2014 annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC), Montreal, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Rossi M, Pasanen K, Kokko S, Alanko L, Heinonen OJ, Korpelainen R, Savonen K, Selänne H, Vasankari T, Kannas L, Kujala U, Villberg J, Parkkari J. Low back and neck and shoulder pain in members and non-members of adolescents' sports clubs: the Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club (FHPSC) study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:263. [PMID: 27370945 PMCID: PMC4930616 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of self-reported low back pain (LBP) and neck and shoulder pain (NSP), and the related factors in members and non-members of adolescents' sports clubs. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on surveys of 14-16-year-olds as a part of the Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club (FHPSC) Study. The surveys on self-reported health behaviours, injuries, and musculoskeletal health were conducted among sports club members (n = 962) and non-members (n = 675). Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to study the associations between dependent variables of LBP and NSP, and the independent factors. RESULTS The prevalence of LBP during the preceding 3 months was 35.0 % in girls and 24.5 % in boys (p < 0.05 for sex difference). The prevalence of NSP was 55.9 % in girls and 27.3 % in boys (p < 0.001 for sex difference). Being a sports club member increased the odds for LBP in boys (odds ratio [OR] 2.35, 95 % CI 1.48-3.72). On the other hand, sports club participation was associated with lower odds of frequent NSP in girls (OR 0.52, 95 % CI 0.33-0.82). No associations were found between other leisure-time physical activity and LBP or NSP. Higher screen time (computer games, TV/DVD, phone, Internet) during leisure-time increased the odds of NSP in boys and LBP in boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS In this study, self-reported LBP and NSP were already relatively common among adolescents. Girls have a higher risk for reporting LBP and NSP. Measures that are more effective in the prevention of LBP in male sports club members are needed. Excessive screen time is weakly associated with LBP and NSP, which should be taken into account in health promotion among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rossi
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, P.O. Box 30, FI-33501, Tampere, Finland.
| | - K Pasanen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, P.O. Box 30, FI-33501, Tampere, Finland.,UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, P.O. Box 30, FI-33501, Tampere, Finland
| | - S Kokko
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - L Alanko
- Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Alppikatu 2, FI-00530, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - R Korpelainen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Clinic, Oulu Deaconess Institute, Albertinkatu 18, FI-90100, Oulu, Finland.,University of Oulu, Center for Life Course Health Research, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - K Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Haapaniementie 16, FI-70100, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H Selänne
- LIKES Foundation for Sports and Health Sciences and Mehiläinen Physical Activity Clinic, P.O. Box 35, FI-40720, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - T Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, P.O. Box 30, FI-33501, Tampere, Finland
| | - L Kannas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - U Kujala
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Villberg
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, P.O. Box 30, FI-33501, Tampere, Finland.,UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, P.O. Box 30, FI-33501, Tampere, Finland
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Associations of Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Body Fat Content With Pain Conditions in Children: The Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children Study. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2016; 17:845-53. [PMID: 27126997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated the cross-sectional associations of sedentary behavior, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body fat content with pain conditions in prepubertal children. The participants were a population sample of 439 children aged 6 to 8 years. Sedentary behavior, physical activity, and pain conditions were assessed using questionnaires, cardiorespiratory fitness using maximal cycle ergometer test, and body fat percentage using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The associations of sedentary behavior, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body fat percentage with the risk of pain conditions were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Children in the highest sex-specific third of sedentary behavior had 1.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-3.17; P = .007 for trend across thirds) times higher odds of any pain than children in the lowest third. Children in the highest sex-specific third of cardiorespiratory fitness had 46% (odds ratio [OR] = .54; 95% CI, .32-.91; P = .019) lower odds of any pain and 50% (OR = .50; 95% CI, .28-.87; P = .015) lower odds of headache than children in the lowest third. Children in the highest sex-specific third of body fat percentage had 44% (OR = .56; 95% CI, .34-.93; P = .023) lower odds of any pain, 49% (OR = .51; 95% CI, .30-.86; P = .011) lower risk of multiple pain, and 48% (OR = .52; 95% CI, .31-.86; P = .010) lower odds of lower limb pain than children in the lowest third. Physical activity was not associated with pain conditions. These findings suggest that prepubertal children with high levels of sedentary behavior, low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, and low body fat content have increased likelihood of various pain conditions. This information could be used to develop strategies to prevent chronic pain in childhood. PERSPECTIVE Our findings suggest that low cardiorespiratory fitness, high levels of sedentary behavior, and low body fat content are associated with increased likelihood of various pain conditions among prepubertal children. This information could be used to develop strategies to prevent chronic pain in childhood.
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78
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Neck muscle endurance and head posture: A comparison between adolescents with and without neck pain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 22:62-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mobile Phone Use Behaviors and Postures on Public Transportation Systems. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148419. [PMID: 26828797 PMCID: PMC4735449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile phones are common in our daily life, but the users’ preferences for postures or screen operating styles have not been studied. This was a cross-sectional and observational study. We randomly sampled passengers who used mobile phones on the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system in metropolitan Taipei. A checklist was used to observe their body postures and screen operating styles while sitting or standing. As a result, 1,230 subjects from 400 trips were observed. Overall, of all the passengers who were sitting, 41% of them were using mobile phones. The majority of the tasks involved browsing (84%) with their phones in a portrait orientation (93%). Different-hand holding/operating was the most commonly used operating style while sitting (46%) and same-hand holding/operating was the most common while standing (46%). The distribution of screen operating styles was significantly different for those sitting than for those standing and for different genders and age groups. The most frequently observed postures while sitting were having one’s trunk against a backrest, feet on the floor and with or without an arm supported (58%). As for the users who were standing, the both- and different-hands groups had a high proportion of arms unsupported, feet on the floor and either their trunk supported or not. In contrast, the same-hand group tended to have their trunk unsupported, were holding a pole or handstrap and had both feet on floor. Further studies are warranted to characterize the ergonomic exposure of these commonly used postures and operating styles, and our results will help guide the selection of experimental conditions for laboratory settings.
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Umeh K, Mackay M, Mulhearn C. Information and Communication Technology, Well-Being, and Ethnicity. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2016; 19:165-71. [PMID: 26794148 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2015.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and well-being is an increasingly debated public health issue. Currently, there is limited understanding of how the ethnic digital divide influences this association. Thus, this study assessed how ethnicity has historically moderated relations between ICT (mobile phone, computer, and TV) uptake, and several well-being indicators: (a) long-term health (chronic illness), (b) cigarette smoking, and (c) self-perceptions of personal health. Archived data from a U.K. Office for National Statistics household survey 2007-2011 (97,697 participant records) were analyzed, controlling for multiple sociodemographic confounders. Mobile phone dependence was associated with poorer health perceptions in Caucasian women, but more favorable appraisals in ethnic minority females (OR = 0.51). Furthermore, mobile phone uptake was more strongly related to increased behavioral risk (cigarette smoking) in Caucasian men compared with ethnic minority males (OR = 1.68). Ethnicity did not influence relations between ICT uptake and long-term health. Overall, ethnicity was implicated in relations between mobile phone use and well-being indicators: unfavorable associations occurred primarily in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanayo Umeh
- 1 School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Mackay
- 2 School of Computer Science, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Mulhearn
- 3 Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool, United Kingdom
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81
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Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the psychometric properties of the layout for assessing dynamic posture (LADy). METHODS The study was divided into 2 phases: (1) development of the instrument and (2) determination of validity and reproducibility. The LADy was designed to evaluate the position adopted in 9 dynamic postures. RESULTS The results confirmed the validity and reproducibility of the instrument. From a total of 51 criteria assessing 9 postures, 1 was rejected. The reproducibility for each of the criteria was classified as moderate to excellent. CONCLUSIONS The LADy constitutes a valid and reproducible instrument for the evaluation of dynamic postures in children 11 to 17 years old. It is low cost and applicable in the school environment.
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82
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Ciccarelli M, Chen JD, Vaz S, Cordier R, Falkmer T. Managing children's postural risk when using mobile technology at home: Challenges and strategies. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2015; 51:189-198. [PMID: 26154217 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the musculoskeletal health of children using mobile information and communication technologies (ICT) at home presents a challenge. The physical environment influences postures during ICT use and can contribute to musculoskeletal complaints. Few studies have assessed postures of children using ICT in home environments. The present study investigated the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) scores determined by 16 novice and 16 experienced raters. Each rater viewed 11 videotaped scenarios of a child using two types of mobile ICT at home. The Grand Scores and Action Levels determined by study participants were compared to those of an ergonomist experienced in postural assessment. All postures assessed were rated with an Action Level of 2 or above; representing a postural risk that required further investigation and/or intervention. The sensitivity of RULA to assess some of the unconventional postures adopted by children in the home is questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ciccarelli
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia.
| | - Janice D Chen
- Rehabilitation Department, National University Hospital, 119074, Singapore
| | - Sharmila Vaz
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia
| | - Reinie Cordier
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia
| | - Torbjörn Falkmer
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia; Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences (IMH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University & Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, UHL, County Council, Linköping, SE 581 85, Sweden
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83
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Višnjić A, Veličković V, Stojanović M, Milošević Z, Rangelov T, Bulatović K, Stanković M, Miljković S. THE FREQUENCY OF USING SCREEN-BASED MEDIA AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2015. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2015.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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84
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Fernandes JAA, Genebra CVDS, Maciel NM, Fiorelli A, Conti MHSD, De Vitta A. LOW BACK PAIN IN SCHOOLCHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN A WESTERN CITY OF SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2015; 23:235-8. [PMID: 26981028 PMCID: PMC4775472 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220152305148842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of low back pain in children and its relationship with gender, age, exercise practice and sedentary activities (time on TV and on computer and/or video game). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,461 students, being 754 males and 707 females enrolled in the 5th to 8th grades of all five local elementary schools of urban Ourinhos, SP, Brasil, aged 10-14 years old, from whom sociodemographic data, time spent on sedentary activities such as TV and computer and/or video game were collected. We conducted a descriptive, bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of low back pain in the sample was 18.5%, being 15.5% in boys and 21.6% in girls. Low back pain was associated to the female gender, age range between 12-14 years and the habit of watching TV more than three times a week and over 3 hours per day. Conclusion: The students analyzed showed high prevalence of low back pain related to gender, age and habit of watching TV. Appropriate interventions should be implemented to reduce the occurrences of back pain in schoolchildren. Level of Evidence III, Cross Sectioning.
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85
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Guan X, Fan G, Wu X, Zeng Y, Su H, Gu G, Zhou Q, Gu X, Zhang H, He S. Photographic measurement of head and cervical posture when viewing mobile phone: a pilot study. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2015. [PMID: 26206292 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-4143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the dramatic growth of mobile phone usage, concerns have been raised with regard to the adverse health effects of mobile phone on spinal posture. The aim of this study was to determine the head and cervical postures by photogrammetry when viewing the mobile phone screen, compared with those in neutral standing posture. METHODS A total of 186 subjects (81 females and 105 males) aged from 17 to 31 years old participated in this study. Subjects were instructed to stand neutrally and using mobile phone as in daily life. Using a photographic method, the sagittal head and cervical postures were assessed by head tilt angle, neck tilt angle, forward head shift and gaze angle. RESULTS The photographic method showed a high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability in measuring the sagittal posture of cervical spine and gaze angle (ICCs ranged from 0.80 to 0.99). When looking at mobile phone, the head tilt angle significantly increased (from 74.55° to 95.22°, p = 0.000) and the neck angle decreased (from 54.68° to 38.77°, p = 0.000). The forward head posture was also confirmed by the significantly increased head shift (from 10.90 to 13.85 cm, p = 0.000). The posture assumed in mobile phone use was significantly correlated with neutral posture (p < 0.05). Males displayed a more forward head posture than females (p < 0.05). The head tilt angle was positively correlated with the gaze angle (r = 0.616, p = 0.000), while the neck tilt angle was negatively correlated with the gaze angle (r = -0.628, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Photogrammetry is a reliable, quantitative method to evaluate the head and cervical posture during mobile phone use. Compared to neutral standing, subjects display a more forward head posture when viewing the mobile phone screen, which is correlated with neutral posture, gaze angle and gender. Future studies will be needed to investigate a dose-response relationship between mobile phone use and assumed posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbo Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Tongji University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfei Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shisheng He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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86
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Puroila A, Paananen M, Taimela S, Järvelin MR, Karppinen J. Lifestyle-Factors in Adolescence as Predictors of Number of Musculoskeletal Pain Sites in Adulthood: A 17-Year Follow-Up Study of a Birth Cohort. PAIN MEDICINE 2015; 16:1177-85. [DOI: 10.1111/pme.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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87
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An integrative review of coping related to problematic computer use in adolescence. Int J Public Health 2015; 61:317-27. [PMID: 26012847 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-015-0693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Problematic computer use is the use of computer technology that may be health-endangering and may cause immediate or later negative physical or psychological health outcomes or disturb well-being in users. The main purpose of this study was to review current empirical research on coping strategies which adolescents apply in the context of problematic computer use and the coping-relevant impacts of problematic computer use. METHODS An integrative review of empirical studies using the Web of Science, Google Scholar, reference lists and forward tracking was conducted. Of the 404 articles identified, 28 peer-reviewed, full-text articles that directly addressed coping in relation to problematic Internet use, computer overuse and cyberbullying were included in the review. RESULTS This review identified the structure of specific coping strategies related to problematic computer use as well as the general patterns of relationships between reviewed instances of problematic computer use, situational coping and dispositional coping. CONCLUSIONS Instrumental action and talking with others were the most frequent strategies used by adolescents to cope with cyberbullying. The structure of the coping strategies related to problematic Internet use and computer overuse is highly differentiated, revealing a new and promising area for future research.
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88
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Changes in the association between health complaint frequency and medicine use among adolescents in Scotland between 1998 and 2010. J Psychosom Res 2015; 78:371-6. [PMID: 25582801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medicines have the potential to cause harm, particularly when adolescents do not follow recommendations for use. In addition, medicine use in adolescence has been shown to track into adulthood. There is therefore a strong rationale to monitor changes in adolescent medicine use over time and understand the mechanisms behind these changes METHODS Data from the 1998, 2006 and 2010 Scotland Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Survey were modelled using multilevel logistic regression, modelling medicine use for: headache, stomachache, sleeping difficulties and nervousness, as well as a combined medicine use measure. Models adjusted for year and frequency of health complaints to measure trends in medicine use, and an interaction term to measure the relationship between medicine use and health complaint frequency. RESULTS Medicine use reduced between 1998 and 2010. Hownever having the majority of the reduction was observed between 1998 and 2006 for all five outcomes. Adjustment for health complaint frequency only explained some of this reduction. When an interaction term was added between year and health complaint frequency this was significant for boys' medicine use, suggesting that health complaint frequency became a better predictor of medicine use with time. Medicine use for stomachache among girls increased over time, and this increase became more pronounced after adjustment for stomachache frequency. CONCLUSION Changes in health complaint frequency were only partly associated with reductions in medicine use between 1998 and 2010. Further monitoring of medicine use is recommended, particularly the use of medicine for sleep difficulties, and for stomachache among girls.
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89
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Hellström C, Nilsson KW, Leppert J, Åslund C. Effects of adolescent online gaming time and motives on depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms. Ups J Med Sci 2015; 120:263-75. [PMID: 26072677 PMCID: PMC4816887 DOI: 10.3109/03009734.2015.1049724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether adolescent online gaming time and the additive effect of gaming motives were associated with depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms. The hypothesis was that adolescents who engage in online gaming with escape motives and increased online gaming time have higher probability for depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms compared to adolescents with other online gaming motives and/or less online gaming time. METHOD An anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was completed during class hours by 7,757 Swedish adolescents aged 13-18 years. The questionnaire included demographic background, gaming habits, and depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms. RESULTS It was found that increased online gaming time during weekdays increased the probability of having depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms. However, these relations with time spent gaming were further explained by online gaming motives. Weekday online gaming for more than five hours a day, in combination with escape motives, was associated with an increased probability of depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) 4.614, 95% CI 3.230-6.590), musculoskeletal symptoms (OR 2.494, 95% CI 1.598-3.892), and psychosomatic symptoms (OR 4.437, 95% CI 2.966-6.637). The probability of ill health decreased when gaming was for fun or had social motives. CONCLUSION Excessive gaming time and escape motives were found to be associated with increased probability of ill health among adolescents. Gaming motives may identify gamers in need of support to reduce unhealthy gaming behaviour as well as identify individuals at risk for ill health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Hellström
- Correspondence: Charlotta Hellström, Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland County Hospital, S-72189 Västerås, Sweden. +46 2117 3733.
| | - Kent W Nilsson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital, S-72189 Västerås, Sweden
| | - Jerzy Leppert
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital, S-72189 Västerås, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Åslund
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital, S-72189 Västerås, Sweden
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90
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Harris C, Straker L, Pollock C, Smith A. Children, computer exposure and musculoskeletal outcomes: the development of pathway models for school and home computer-related musculoskeletal outcomes. ERGONOMICS 2015; 58:1611-23. [PMID: 25942433 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1035762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Children's computer use is rapidly growing, together with reports of related musculoskeletal outcomes. Models and theories of adult-related risk factors demonstrate multivariate risk factors associated with computer use. Children's use of computers is different from adult's computer use at work. This study developed and tested a child-specific model demonstrating multivariate relationships between musculoskeletal outcomes, computer exposure and child factors. Using pathway modelling, factors such as gender, age, television exposure, computer anxiety, sustained attention (flow), socio-economic status and somatic complaints (headache and stomach pain) were found to have effects on children's reports of musculoskeletal symptoms. The potential for children's computer exposure to follow a dose-response relationship was also evident. Developing a child-related model can assist in understanding risk factors for children's computer use and support the development of recommendations to encourage children to use this valuable resource in educational, recreational and communication environments in a safe and productive manner. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY Computer use is an important part of children's school and home life. Application of this developed model, that encapsulates related risk factors, enables practitioners, researchers, teachers and parents to develop strategies that assist young people to use information technology for school, home and leisure in a safe and productive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtenay Harris
- a School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University , Bentley , WA , Australia
| | - Leon Straker
- b School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University , Bentley , WA , Australia
| | - Clare Pollock
- c School of Psychology Curtin University , Bentley , WA , Australia
| | - Anne Smith
- b School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University , Bentley , WA , Australia
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91
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Canillas F, Colino A, Menéndez P. Cellular Phone Overuse as A Cause for Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis: A Two Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep 2014; 4:6-8. [PMID: 27298990 PMCID: PMC4719275 DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: New technologies have been related to upper limb diseases Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis in young patients has not been described yet as one of these “overuse pathologies”. Case Report: We present two cases. A 33 and a 32 year-old women, right handed, suffering from trapeziometacarpal pain. Neither previous trauma nor rheumatic disease was reported. Excessive use of last generation cellular phone was the only background reported. Pain and joint crepitation were found on physical examination and osteoarthritis signs were seen on MRI scans. One of the patients improved after using a cast, physical activity restrictions and a specific rehabilitation program; whilst the other required a corticosteroid joint injection. Conclusion: We warn about the potential growth of these pathologies caused by an indiscriminate use (or abuse) of touch-screen cellular phones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Canillas
- Department of Orthopaedic, Hospital Cruz Roja, Avda. Reina Victoria 22-24, 28003, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Colino
- Department of Orthopaedic, Clínica CEMTRO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Department of Orthopaedic, Hospital Cruz Roja, Avda. Reina Victoria 22-24, 28003, Madrid, Spain
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92
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Ståhl MK, El-Metwally AAS, Rimpelä AH. Time trends in single versus concomitant neck and back pain in Finnish adolescents: results from national cross-sectional surveys from 1991 to 2011. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:296. [PMID: 25192809 PMCID: PMC4161855 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies, in late 20th century, suggest an increase in the prevalence of neck pain and low back pain among children and adolescents, when neck and low back pain were studied separately. This study investigated time trends in adolescent spinal pain between 1991 and 2011 by classifying pain into the following three classes: neck pain alone, low back pain alone, and concomitant neck and low back pain. Methods Representative samples of 12 to 18-year-old Finns were sent a questionnaire in 1991, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2011. Information was gathered about the frequency of neck and low back pain with a six-month recall period. Statistical methods used included descriptive analysis, and generalized linear models. Results The total number of respondents in these eight comparable cross-sectional surveys was 51 044 with a response proportion of 64%. The prevalence of concomitant neck and low back pain showed a steady increase from 1991 to 2009/2011; the prevalence almost quadrupled among 12-14-year-olds girls (from 2% to 7.5%), and more than doubled among 12-14-year-old boys (from 1.6% to 3.8%), and among 16-18-year old boys (from 4.2 to 9.9%) and girls (6.9% to 15.9%). The prevalence of neck pain alone only increased in the 1990s (e.g. among 16-18-year-old girls 22.9% in 1991, 29.2% in 1999, and 29.5% in 2011), while the prevalence of low back pain alone remained relatively constant during the last two decades (e.g. among 16-18-year-old girls 4% in 1991, 3.1% in 1999, and 3.7% in 2011). Conclusions Concomitant neck and low back pain has constantly increased in the last two decades among adolescents, while single neck pain has only increased in the 1990s. Single low back pain has remained relatively constant. Thus, earlier detected increase in low back pain in the 1990s was explained by the increase in concomitant neck and low back pain. Differences in the time trends in the three pain conditions might suggest, at least partly, different risk factors and aetiology for single- and multisite spinal pain among adolescents. This hypothesis needs further investigations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-296) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Kristiina Ståhl
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hatanpää Hospital, Hatanpäänkatu 24, PO Box 437, Tampere 33101, Finland.
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Myrtveit SM, Sivertsen B, Skogen JC, Frostholm L, Stormark KM, Hysing M. Adolescent neck and shoulder pain--the association with depression, physical activity, screen-based activities, and use of health care services. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:366-72. [PMID: 24746679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neck and shoulder pain is frequent in adolescents, and multiple factors seem to affect the risk of such symptoms. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of neck and shoulder pain in Norwegian adolescence and to examine whether behavioral and emotional factors were associated with the risk of neck and shoulder pain. Finally we aimed to investigate whether neck and shoulder pain was related to the use of health services. METHOD Data from the population-based study ung@hordaland were used. Participants were asked how often during the last 6 months they had experienced neck and shoulder pain. The association between frequent neck and shoulder pain and physical activity, symptoms of depression, and screen-based activities was evaluated using logistic regression analyses stratified by gender. The relative risk of visiting health services when reporting neck and shoulder pain was calculated using multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Frequent neck and shoulder pain was reported by 20.0% (1,797 of the total 8,990) and more often by girls than boys (p < .001). A high score of depressive symptoms was the strongest risk factor for neck and shoulder pain in both boys and girls (odds ratio = 6.14 [95% confidence interval 4.48-8.42] and odds ratio = 3.10 [95% confidence interval 2.63-3.67], respectively). Frequent screen-based activities slightly increased the risk while physical activity was protective. Individuals reporting neck and shoulder pain more often visited their general practitioner (47.1% vs. 31.8%) and school health services (24.6% vs. 13.5%). CONCLUSION Frequent neck and shoulder pain was reported in 20% of Norwegian adolescents. Symptoms of depression and screen-based activities increased the risk of neck and shoulder pain while physical activity was protective. Individuals reporting neck and shoulder pain visited health services more frequently than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solbjørg Makalani Myrtveit
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Public Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Public Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Public Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Frostholm
- The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kjell Morten Stormark
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
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Abul-Qasim J, Hadi S, al-Saleh M, Abu-Alkhair M, Sutaih M, Karaly A, al-Tayeb M. Arthralgia in computer users in Almadinah Almunawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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95
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Ruivo RM, Pezarat-Correia P, Carita AI. Cervical and shoulder postural assessment of adolescents between 15 and 17 years old and association with upper quadrant pain. Braz J Phys Ther 2014; 18:364-71. [PMID: 25054381 PMCID: PMC4183261 DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is sparse literature that provides evidence of cervical and shoulder
postural alignment of 15 to 17-year-old adolescents and that analyzes sex
differences. Objectives: To characterize the postural alignment of the head and shoulder in the sagittal
plane of 15 to 17-year-old Portuguese adolescents in natural erect standing and
explore the relationships between three postural angles and presence of neck and
shoulder pain. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two secondary schools in Portugal. 275
adolescent students (153 females and 122 males) aged 15 to 17 were evaluated.
Sagittal head, cervical, and shoulder angles were measured with photogrammetry and
PAS software. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Assessment (ASES)
was used to assess shoulder pain, whereas neck pain was self-reported with a
single question. Results: Mean values of sagittal head, cervical, and shoulder angles were 17.2±5.7,
47.4±5.2, and 51.4±8.5º, respectively. 68% of the participants revealed
protraction of the head, whereas 58% of them had protraction of the shoulder. The
boys showed a significantly higher mean cervical angle, and adolescents with neck
pain revealed lower mean cervical angle than adolescents without neck pain. 53% of
the girls self-reported regular neck pain, contrasting with 19% of the boys. Conclusions: This data shows that forward head and protracted shoulder are common postural
disorders in adolescents, especially in girls. Neck pain is prevalent in
adolescents, especially girls, and it is associated with forward head posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Ruivo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pezarat-Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana I Carita
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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96
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Tsitsika AK, Tzavela EC, Janikian M, Ólafsson K, Iordache A, Schoenmakers TM, Tzavara C, Richardson C. Online social networking in adolescence: patterns of use in six European countries and links with psychosocial functioning. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:141-7. [PMID: 24618179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Online communication tools, such as social networking sites (SNS), have been comprehensively embraced by adolescents and have become a dominant daily social practice. Recognizing SNS as a key context of adolescent development, this study aimed to investigate associations between heavier SNS use, and adolescent competencies and internalizing problems. METHODS Data was collected in six European countries: Greece, Spain, Poland, the Netherlands, Romania, and Iceland. Participants were 10,930 adolescents aged 14-17 years (F/M: 5,719/5,211; mean age 15.8 ± .7 years); 62.3% were aged 14-15.9 years and 37.7% were aged 16-17.9 years. Participants reported on their use of online communication tools, and their general competencies and internalizing problems (Youth Self Report). RESULTS SNS are both ubiquitous--used by 70% of adolescents--and engaging, given that 40% of users spend 2 or more hours daily on SNS (labeled heavier SNS use). Heavier SNS use was associated with more internalizing problems, and the relation was consistently more pronounced among younger adolescents. Moreover, heavier SNS use was associated with lower academic performance and lower activities scores, especially for younger adolescents. In contrast, among older adolescents heavier SNS use was positively associated with offline social competence. CONCLUSIONS Although heavier SNS use is associated with higher social competence for older adolescents, it is also associated with increased internalizing problems and diminished competencies in academics and activities, especially for younger adolescents. Age, capturing developmental differences in social and regulatory skills, appears to moderate the effects of heavier SNS use on adolescent functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis K Tsitsika
- Adolescent Health Unit (AHU), Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (N.K.U.A.), Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleni C Tzavela
- Adolescent Health Unit (AHU), Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (N.K.U.A.), Athens, Greece
| | - Mari Janikian
- Adolescent Health Unit (AHU), Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (N.K.U.A.), Athens, Greece
| | - Kjartan Ólafsson
- University of Akureyri, Iceland and Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Andreea Iordache
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Chara Tzavara
- Adolescent Health Unit (AHU), Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (N.K.U.A.), Athens, Greece
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97
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Ranelli S, Straker L, Smith A. Soreness during non-music activities is associated with playing-related musculoskeletal problems: an observational study of 731 child and adolescent instrumentalists. J Physiother 2014; 60:102-8. [PMID: 24952838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTION Is exposure to non-music-related activities associated with playing-related musculoskeletal problems in young instrumentalists? Is non-music-activity-related soreness associated with playing-related musculoskeletal problems in this group of instrumentalists? DESIGN Observational study using a questionnaire and physical measures. PARTICIPANTS 859 instrumentalists aged 7 to 17 years from the School of Instrumental Music program. RESULTS Of the 731 respondents who completed the questionnaire adequately, 412 (56%) experienced instrument-playing problems; 219 (30%) had symptoms severe enough to interfere with normal playing. Children commonly reported moderate exposure to non-music-related activities, such as watching television (61%), vigorous physical activity (57%), writing (51%) and computer use (45%). Greater exposure to any non-music activity was not associated with playing problems, with odds ratios ranging from 1.01 (95% CI 0.7 to 1.5) for watching television to 2.08 (95% CI 0.5 to 3.3) for intensive hand activities. Four hundred and seventy eight (65%) children reported soreness related to non-music activities, such as vigorous physical activity (52%), writing (40%), computer use (28%), intensive hand activities (22%), electronic game use (17%) and watching television (15%). Non-music-activity-related soreness was significantly associated with instrument playing problems, adjusting for gender and age, with odds ratios ranging from 2.6 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.9) for soreness whilst watching television, to 4.3 (95% CI 2.6 to 7.1) for soreness during intensive hand activities. CONCLUSION Non-music-activity-related soreness co-occurs significantly with playing problems in young instrumentalists. The finding of significant co-occurrence of music and non-music-related soreness in respondents in this study suggests that intervention targets for young instrumentalists could include risk factors previously identified in the general child and adolescent population, as well as music-specific risk factors. This is an important consideration for the assessment and management of the musculoskeletal health of young musicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leon Straker
- National Health and Medical Research Council Senior Research Fellow
| | - Anne Smith
- Associate Professor, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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98
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Oksanen A, Laimi K, Löyttyniemi E, Kunttu K. Trends of weekly musculoskeletal pain from 2000 to 2012: National study of Finnish university students. Eur J Pain 2014; 18:1316-22. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2014.492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Oksanen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Turku University Hospital; Finland
| | - K. Laimi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Turku University Hospital; Finland
| | - E. Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics; University of Turku; Finland
| | - K. Kunttu
- Finnish Student Health Service; Turku Finland
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99
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Straker L, Abbott R, Collins R, Campbell A. Evidence-based guidelines for wise use of electronic games by children. ERGONOMICS 2014; 57:471-489. [PMID: 24665962 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2014.895856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electronic games (e-games) are widely used by children, often for substantial durations, yet to date there are no evidence-based guidelines regarding their use. The aim of this paper is to present guidelines for the wise use of e-games by children based on a narrative review of the research. This paper proposes a model of factors that influence child-e-games interaction. It summarises the evidence on positive and negative effects of use of e-games on physical activity and sedentary behaviour, cardio-metabolic health, musculoskeletal health, motor coordination, vision, cognitive development and psychosocial health. Available guidelines and the role of guidelines are discussed. Finally, this information is compiled into a clear set of evidence-based guidelines, about wise use of e-games by children, targeting children, parents, professionals and the e-game industry. These guidelines provide an accessible synthesis of available knowledge and pragmatic guidelines based on e-game specific evidence and related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Straker
- a School of Physiotherapy , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
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100
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De Vitta A, Trize DDM, Fiorelli A, Carnaz L, De Conti MHS, Simeão SFDAP. Neck/shoulders pain and its relation to the use of tv/computer/videogame and physical activity in school students from Bauru. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-5150.027.001.ao12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the neck/shoulders of school children and its relationship with the level of physical activity and sedentary activities (time spent on TV and computer and/or video game). Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 524 5th to 8th grade students (278 boys and 246 girls), enrolled in all five urban elementary schools in the municipality of Bauru (SP), aged between 10 and 14 years old. Sociodemographic data, sedentary activities – time spent on TV and computer and/or videogame - and level of physical activity - was collected through a Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). Results The results showed that the prevalence of localized pain in the neck/shoulders was of 30.1% for boys and girls. It was also found that there is a predominance of onset of pain reported in neck/shoulders in boys related to the frequency and amount of hours a day watching TV and hours on the computer, whereas in girls the association was with frequency and amount of hours they watch TV daily. Conclusions It can be concluded that the pain in the neck/shoulders are common in children and that understanding the relationship between variables enables valuable elements of measures aimed at maintaining, improving and promoting the welfare of students.
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