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Dawson EL, Mendoza MCB, Gaul Z, Jeffries IV WL, Sutton MY, Wilson PA. Resilience, condom use self-efficacy, internalized homophobia, and condomless anal sex among black men who have sex with men, New York City. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215455. [PMID: 31017944 PMCID: PMC6481831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Black men who have sex with men, who account for less than 1% of the U.S. population, account for approximately 25% of new HIV infections annually. Condomless anal sex contributes to HIV infection among black men who have sex with men. The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties (resilience) may be protective against condomless anal sex, but has been understudied among black men who have sex with men. Psychosocial factors related to resilience, i.e., condom use self-efficacy and internalized homophobia, may also affect condomless anal sex. We assessed the association between resilience, condom use self-efficacy, internalized homophobia and condomless anal sex among black men who have sex with men. Methods Data are from a 2010–2011 study examining condomless anal sex (past 60 days) among black men who have sex with men in New York City. Validated scales assessed resilience (theoretical range = 0–100), condom use self-efficacy (theoretical range = 27–135), and internalized homophobia (theoretical range = 9–36). We described continuous variables using median and interquartile range (IQR). Univariable and multivariable Poisson regression models assuming a robust variance estimator were used to compute unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios, respectively, and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) examined the association of resilience, condom use self-efficacy, and internalized homophobia with condomless anal sex, while controlling for potential confounders (e.g., having >1 sex partner). Results The median resilience score within our sample (N = 228) was 75 (IQR = 66–83). Many black men who have sex with men reported condomless anal sex (55.7%) and >1 sex partner (58.8%). Decreased condomless anal sex was associated with increased levels of condom use self-efficacy (aPR: 0.94 per 10-point increase in condom use self-efficacy score; CI: 0.90–0.97; p-value: 0.001). Condomless anal sex was not associated with resilience or internalized homophobia. Conclusions Within this sample of black men who have sex with men, condomless anal sex was prevalent. Greater resilience was not protective against condomless anal sex. Interventions that support condom use are warranted for black men who have sex with men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L. Dawson
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria C. B. Mendoza
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Zaneta Gaul
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- ICF, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - William L. Jeffries IV
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Madeline Y. Sutton
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Patrick A. Wilson
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
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Dulin AJ, Dale SK, Earnshaw VA, Fava JL, Mugavero MJ, Napravnik S, Hogan JW, Carey MP, Howe CJ. Resilience and HIV: a review of the definition and study of resilience. AIDS Care 2019; 30:S6-S17. [PMID: 30632778 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1515470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We use a socioecological model of health to define resilience, review the definition and study of resilience among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) in the existing peer-reviewed literature, and discuss the strengths and limitations of how resilience is defined and studied in HIV research. We conducted a review of resilience research for HIV-related behaviors/outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, clinic attendance, CD4 cell count, viral load, viral suppression, and/or immune functioning among PLWH. We performed searches using PubMed, PsycINFO and Google Scholar databases. The initial search generated 14,296 articles across the three databases, but based on our screening of these articles and inclusion criteria, n = 54 articles were included for review. The majority of HIV resilience research defines resilience only at the individual (i.e., psychological) level or studies individual and limited interpersonal resilience (e.g., social support). Furthermore, the preponderance of HIV resilience research uses general measures of resilience; these measures have not been developed with or tailored to the needs of PLWH. Our review suggests that a socioecological model of health approach can more fully represent the construct of resilience. Furthermore, measures specific to PLWH that capture individual, interpersonal, and neighborhood resilience are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilah J Dulin
- a Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Sannisha K Dale
- b Department of Psychology , University of Miami , Coral Gables , FL , USA
| | - Valerie A Earnshaw
- c Department of Human Development and Family Sciences , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA
| | - Joseph L Fava
- d Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine , The Miriam Hospital , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Michael J Mugavero
- e Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Research , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - Sonia Napravnik
- f Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Joseph W Hogan
- g Center for Statistical Sciences, Department of Biostatistics , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- h Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Chanelle J Howe
- i Centers for Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Department of Epidemiology , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA
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Resilience attenuates the association between neurocognitive functioning and everyday functioning in individuals aging with HIV in the Deep South. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: https:/doi.10.1002/gps.4988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Fazeli PL, Moore RC, Vance DE. Resilience attenuates the association between neurocognitive functioning and everyday functioning in individuals aging with HIV in the Deep South. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:72-78. [PMID: 30230608 PMCID: PMC6298797 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adults aging with HIV are at risk for poorer neurocognitive and daily functioning. Identifying factors to protect such outcomes is a significant research priority. The aim of this study was to explore the role of resilience in cognitive and everyday functioning in a largely African American and low socioeconomic status sample of adults and older adults with HIV in the Deep South. METHODS/DESIGN In this cross-sectional study 100 HIV+ middle-aged and older adults (range 40-73; 61% aged 50+) completed a comprehensive neurocognitive battery along with self-reported measures of resilience and everyday functioning. RESULTS Higher resilience was associated with better global neurocognitive functioning (rho = 0.31, P < 0.01), as well as better functioning in all domains (verbal fluency, executive functioning, speed of information processing, learning, working memory) except recall and motor skills. Resilience was also significantly associated with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) dependence, with lower resilience observed in those with IADL dependence compared with those who were IADL independent (P < 0.01). In a multiple regression adjusting for data-driven covariates (verbal IQ, income, depression), and global neurocognitive impairment, resilience was the only significant (P = 0.02) correlate of IADL dependence. A follow-up mediation showed that the direct relationship between neurocognitive functioning and IADL declines was fully attenuated after accounting for shared variance with resilience. CONCLUSIONS Resilience is associated with better cognitive and functional outcomes in people aging with HIV. While further work is needed to understand these associations over time, results suggest interventions to build resilience may promote successful aging in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya L. Fazeli
- Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Raeanne C. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - David E. Vance
- Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Vance DE, Blake BJ, Brennan-Ing M, DeMarco RF, Fazeli PL, Relf MV. Revisiting Successful Aging With HIV Through a Revised Biopsychosocial Model: An Update of the Literature. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2019; 30:5-14. [PMID: 30586079 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The concept of successful aging was recognized only recently by HIV researchers because people living with HIV (PLWH) in the early epidemic were not expected to survive. With the introduction of antiretrovirals that block viral replication, PLWH are now aging with HIV. Given the complex nature of HIV within the social, economic, and political climates in which it occurs, a holistic model of successful aging is needed to guide researchers and clinicians. Several overarching models exist, but must be updated for rapidly advancing HIV and aging research agendas. We provide an updated, adapted, and integrated biopsychosocial model of successful aging with HIV based on the principles of Baltes and Baltes (1998) on 8 essential components of successful aging: (a) length of life, (b) biological health, (c) mental health, (d) cognitive efficiency, (e) social competence, (f) productivity, (g) personal control, and (h) life satisfaction. Clinical practice and research implications are highlighted.
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Greene ML, Tan JY, Weiser SD, Christopoulos K, Shiels M, O’Hollaren A, Mureithi E, Meissner L, Havlir D, Gandhi M. Patient and provider perceptions of a comprehensive care program for HIV-positive adults over 50 years of age: The formation of the Golden Compass HIV and aging care program in San Francisco. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208486. [PMID: 30517193 PMCID: PMC6281256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People living with HIV (PLWH) are living longer and developing comorbidities and aging-related syndromes. New care models are needed to address the combined burden and complexity of HIV and its comorbidities in this group. The goal of this study is to describe qualitative data from patients and providers that informed the development of a comprehensive care model for older PLWH. METHODS Patient and provider perspectives on the clinical care and service needs of patients living and aging with HIV were explored via surveys and focus groups at a safety net HIV clinic in San Francisco. We surveyed 77 patients and 26 providers and conducted separate focus groups of older patients living with HIV (n = 31) and staff (n = 20). Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Themes for a care program were additionally explored using findings from the literature on HIV and aging. FINDINGS Themes from surveys and focus groups emphasized (a) the need for knowledge expertise in HIV and aging, (b) focus on medical conditions and determinants of health of particular import (e.g. marginal housing) among older PLWH, (c) co-locating specialty services (e.g. cardiology, geriatrics) with primary care, and (d) addressing social isolation. Findings informed the design of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary care model for PLWH called the Golden Compass program composed of four "points": Heart and Mind (North), Bones and Strength (East), Network and Navigation (South), and Dental, Hearing, and Vision (West). CONCLUSION Based on patient and clinic staff perspectives from surveys and focus groups, we designed a multidisciplinary program of integrated primary and specialty care, as well as housing and social support, to address the needs of older PLWH within a safety-net infrastructure. Golden Compass launched in 2017 for PLWH older than 50 years. Future research to evaluate the effectiveness of this care program in improving patient outcomes and satisfaction is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith L. Greene
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Judy Y. Tan
- Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sheri D. Weiser
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Katerina Christopoulos
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mary Shiels
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Allison O’Hollaren
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eva Mureithi
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Loren Meissner
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Diane Havlir
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Monica Gandhi
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Emlet CA, Harris L. Giving Back Is Receiving: The Role of Generativity in Successful Aging Among HIV-Positive Older Adults. J Aging Health 2018; 32:61-70. [PMID: 30289022 DOI: 10.1177/0898264318804320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Successful aging has been identified as an important emphasis for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Little is known about how this population conceptualizes aging successfully and how this relates to generativity. This qualitative study examined the importance of generativity among 30 HIV-positive older adults to determine the role of generativity in successful aging. Method: Participants aged 50+ years were recruited in Ontario, Canada, through acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) service organizations, clinics, and community agencies. Qualitative interviews were analyzed to explore strategies participants employed to engage in successful aging within their own personal context. Results: Participants saw themselves as pioneers and mentors, helping others to navigate the landscape of aging with HIV. Four themes were identified through consensus including (a) reciprocity, (b) mentoring, (c) pioneerism, and (d) connecting through volunteerism. Discussion: Interventions that promote intergenerational connections, community involvement, and generative acts within the HIV community can facilitate successful aging among older adults living with HIV/AIDS.
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58
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Shuper PA, MacLachlan DJ, Joharchi N, Guimond TH, Maxwell J, Adam BD. HIV Risk and Protective Factors in the Context of Alcohol and Substance Use During Pride. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:2797-2806. [PMID: 29680936 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This investigation sought to identify HIV-risk and -protective factors among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) who engaged in anal sex following alcohol or substance use during an international Pride Festival. MSM attending World Pride were surveyed regarding (1) alcohol, substance use, and sex during the past 24 h; and (2) HIV-risk and -protective factors. Valid data were provided by 1123 MSM. Anal sex was reported by 195 MSM, among whom the majority (n = 105) consumed alcohol or substances prior to sex. Among MSM aware of their HIV status who consumed alcohol or substances prior to sex (n = 99), those who engaged in serodiscordant condomless anal sex (n = 22) were more likely to be HIV+ (AOR = 10.14, 95% CI 1.48-69.35); report multiple sex partners (AOR = 9.05, 95% CI 1.70-48.12); and possess lower condom efficacy (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.93) and social support (AOR = 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.46). Bolstering condom negotiation skills and social support could potentially reduce HIV acquisition/transmission-risk behavior, even when under the influence of alcohol or substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Shuper
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | - Narges Joharchi
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Tim H Guimond
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Barry D Adam
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Canada
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Zhang T, Li H, Liu A, Wang H, Mei Y, Dou W. Factors promoting resilience among breast cancer patients: a qualitative study. Contemp Nurse 2018; 54:293-303. [PMID: 30041566 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2018.1502615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate resilience factors that helped Chinese breast cancer patients adapt to the trauma in the traditional Chinese cultural context. METHOD Checklist-guided in-depth interviews were conducted on 15 Chinese breast cancer patients recruited from two affiliated teaching hospitals. All had adapted to the illness successfully. All interviews were guided by checklist-guided interview guidelines based on the social ecosystem theory. They were recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was performed using published content analysis approach. FINDINGS The main themes found to be relevant included hope for rehabilitation, hardiness, confidence in situation, optimistic attitude to the disease, gratitude to supporters, mastery of life. Each level of these individual resource interacted with each other, which was consistent with the micro system of social ecosystem theory. CONCLUSION This study showed that individual resource played a significant role in helping the Chinese breast cancer patients deal with the illness. There is a clear need to develop a comprehensive evaluation system to help clinical nurses assess patients' individual resource and promote better adaption to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- a School of Nursing , Anhui Medical University , No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei , Anhui Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Li
- a School of Nursing , Anhui Medical University , No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei , Anhui Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Annuo Liu
- a School of Nursing , Anhui Medical University , No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei , Anhui Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Huixue Wang
- a School of Nursing , Anhui Medical University , No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei , Anhui Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Mei
- a School of Nursing , Anhui Medical University , No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei , Anhui Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjun Dou
- a School of Nursing , Anhui Medical University , No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei , Anhui Province , People's Republic of China
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Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study among HIV-positive adults age ≥ 50 in San Francisco to evaluate the frequency of loneliness, characteristics of those who reported loneliness, and the association of loneliness with functional impairment and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Participants (N = 356) were predominately male (85%); 57% were white; median age was 56. 58% reported any loneliness symptoms with 24% reporting mild, 22% moderate and 12% severe loneliness. Lonely participants were more likely to report depression, alcohol and tobacco use, and have fewer relationships. In unadjusted models, loneliness was associated with functional impairment and poor HRQoL. In adjusted models, low income and depression remained associated with poor HRQoL, while low income, higher VACS index and depression were associated with functional impairment. A comprehensive care approach, incorporating mental health and psychosocial assessments with more traditional clinical assessments, will be needed to improve health outcomes for the aging HIV-positive population.
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O’Brien KK, Dagenais M, Solomon P, Worthington C, Chan Carusone S, Ibáñez-Carrasco F, Hanna S, Gahagan J, Baxter L, Robinson G, Gayle P, James D, Yates T. Use of Living Strategies among Adults Aging with HIV in Canada: Comparison by Age-Group Using Data from the HIV, Health and Rehabilitation Survey. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2018; 17:2325958218774041. [PMID: 29745310 PMCID: PMC6748490 DOI: 10.1177/2325958218774041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the type and frequency of living strategies used by adults living with HIV. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey that included 51 living strategies: maintaining sense of control, attitudes and beliefs, blocking HIV out of the mind, and social interaction. We examined the frequency of use and compared the proportion of respondents who engaged in strategies across 3 age-groups (<40 years, 40-49 years, and ≥50 years). RESULTS Of the 935 participants, the majority were men (79%) and most (≥60%) engaged "most" or "all of the time" in healthy lifestyle strategies and maintained a positive outlook living with HIV. Compared to younger participants, a higher proportion of older adults (≥50 years) engaged "most" or "all the time" in strategies that involved maintaining control over health and adopting positive attitudes and outlook living with HIV. CONCLUSIONS Findings can help to inform the role of self-management to enhance successful aging with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Kathleen O’Brien
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (RSI), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthieu Dagenais
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (RSI), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Solomon
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Worthington
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Francisco Ibáñez-Carrasco
- Centre for Urban Health Studies, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Hanna
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | - Patriic Gayle
- Gay Men’s Health Collective (GMHC), London, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn James
- Nine Circles Community Health Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tammy Yates
- Realize, formerly the Canadian Working Group on HIV and Rehabilitation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - the HIV Health and Rehabilitation Survey (HHRS) Team
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (RSI), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Casey House, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Urban Health Studies, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Community Member, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Community Member, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Gay Men’s Health Collective (GMHC), London, United Kingdom
- Nine Circles Community Health Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Realize, formerly the Canadian Working Group on HIV and Rehabilitation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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de Araújo LF, Teva I, Quero JH, Reyes AO, de la Paz Bermúdez M. Analysis of resilience and sexual behavior in persons with HIV infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 30:21. [PMID: 32026123 PMCID: PMC6974345 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-017-0076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate ex post facto resilience in persons with HIV infection and its relationship to socio-demographic and sexual behavior variables. Participants included 159 persons with HIV infection, of both sexes, aged between 19 and 55 years. Fifty-one percent of patients were infected through homosexual means. Sixty-seven percent were in the asymptomatic phase of infection. Assessment instruments used were the following: a questionnaire on socio-demographic data and sexual behavior and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The evaluation was individual, voluntary, and anonymous. The results showed that 49.05% of patients had average resilience, 27.68% had high resilience, and 23.37% had low resilience. They found that heterosexual patients infected with HIV, diagnosed between 1985 and 1990 (23 and 28 years of diagnosis) and those who had disclosed their HIV status to more than 30 people, had greater resilience than homosexual patients, diagnosed between 1996 and 2000 (13 and 17 years of diagnosis) and those who had disclosed their HIV status to 1–5 people. Finally, resilience was not a predictor of sexual risk factor. It is suggested that health interventions take into account the resilience and psychological variables that may be beneficial to improve coping with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludgleydson Fernandes de Araújo
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Inmaculada Teva
- Mind Brain and Behavior (Spanish acronym CIMCYC) Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Hernández Quero
- Faculty of Medicine, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Ortega Reyes
- Mind Brain and Behavior (Spanish acronym CIMCYC) Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María de la Paz Bermúdez
- Mind Brain and Behavior (Spanish acronym CIMCYC) Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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