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Gee HY, Kim CK, Kim SW, Lee JH, Kim JH, Kim KH, Lee MG. The L441P mutation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and its molecular pathogenic mechanisms in a Korean patient with cystic fibrosis. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:166-71. [PMID: 20052366 PMCID: PMC2800016 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.1.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder usually found in populations of white Caucasian descent. CF is caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. A 5-yr-old Korean girl was admitted complaining of coughing and greenish sputum. Chest radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed diffuse bronchiectasis in both lungs. The patient had chronic diarrhea and poor weight gain, and the abdominal pancreaticobiliary CT scan revealed atrophy of the pancreas. Finally, CF was confirmed by the repeated analysis of the quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis test. The chloride concentration of sweat samples taken from both forearms of the pateint was an average of 88.7 mM/L (normal value <40 mM/L). After a comprehensive search for mutations in the CFTR gene, the patient was found to carry the non-synonymous L441P mutation in one allele. Molecular physiologic analysis of the L441P mutation of CFTR revealed that the L441P mutation completely abolished the CFTR Cl(-) channel activity by disrupting proper protein folding and membrane trafficking of CFTR protein. These results confirmed the pathogenicity of the L441P mutation of CFTR circulating in the Korean population. The possibility of CF should be suspected in patients with chronic bronchiectasis, although the frequency of CF is relatively rare in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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52
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Aoyagi H, Okada T, Hasatani K, Mibayashi H, Hayashi Y, Tsuji S, Kaneko Y, Yamagishi M. Impact of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutation on the occurrence of chronic pancreatitis in Japanese patients. J Int Med Res 2009; 37:378-84. [PMID: 19383231 DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA analyses of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in Japanese patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP) were performed to determine the relationship between the CFTR mutation and ICP. The study included patients with alcoholic pancreatitis (n = 20), patients with ICP (n = 20) and healthy volunteers (controls; n = 110). The poly-T region in intron 8 of the CFTR gene was analysed by direct sequencing. The CFTR coding region was screened using single-strand conformational polymorphism and direct sequencing. In the controls, frequencies of the 5T genotype and 5T allele were 4.5% and 3.6%, respectively. The frequency of the 5T genotype was significantly higher in the ICP group (20%) versus controls, but was not significantly different in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis patients (5%). Thus, the CFTR gene mutation, especially the 5T genotype, appears to have some relationship to ICP prevalence in Japanese patients independent of cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aoyagi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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Stankovic M, Nikolic A, Divac A, Tomovic A, Petrovic-Stanojevic N, Andjelic M, Dopudja-Pantic V, Surlan M, Vujicic I, Ponomarev D, Mitic-Milikic M, Kusic J, Radojkovic D. The CFTR M470V gene variant as a potential modifier of COPD severity: study of Serbian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 12:357-62. [PMID: 18652532 DOI: 10.1089/gte.2007.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is an important component of the lung tissue homeostasis, involved in the regulation of the rate of mucociliary clearance. As it is known that certain CFTR variants have consequences on the function of CFTR protein, the aim of this study was to examine the possible role of F508del, M470V, Tn locus, and R75Q variants in COPD development and modulation. Total number of 86 COPD patients and 102 control subjects were included in the study. Possible association between COPD susceptibility, severity, and onset of the disease and allele or genotype of four analyzed CFTR variants was examined. No associations were detected between COPD development, onset of the disease and tested CFTR alleles and genotypes. However, VV470 genotype was associated with mild/moderate COPD stages in comparison to severe/very severe ones (OR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.11-0.80, p = 0.016). Our study showed that patients with VV470 genotype had a 3.4-fold decreased risk for the appearance of severe/very severe COPD symptoms, and the obtained results indicate that this genotype may have a protective role. These results also suggest the importance of studying CFTR gene as a modifier of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Stankovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Ko JM, Kim GH, Kim KM, Hong SJ, Yoo HW. Identification of a novel mutation of CFTR gene in a Korean patient with cystic fibrosis. J Korean Med Sci 2008; 23:912-5. [PMID: 18955805 PMCID: PMC2580002 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.5.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians, but rare in Asians. The mutations of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene are responsible for CF. To date, less than 5 cases of CF have been reported and a few of them diagnosed based on the genotype of the CFTR gene in Korea. We encountered a 4-month-old Korean infant with CF and the diagnosis was confirmed by CFTR gene mutation analysis. The patient underwent surgical operation, due to meconium ileus at birth. He suffered by recurrent respiratory infections, failure to thrive, fatty liver with hepatomegaly, and cholestasis. The mutations of the CFTR gene were identified in the patient and his parents. The patient was a compound heterozygote with a nonsense mutation of c.263T>G, resulting in an amino acid change of p.Leu88X in exon 3. It was previously described in a Korean patient with CF. The other is a novel mutation; c.2089-2090insA mutation (p.Arg697LysfsX33) in exon 13. The mutation c.263T>G was inherited from his father, and the c.2089-2090insA mutation from his mother. Respiratory infection was recovered by supportive care, and cholestasis was improved slowly with sufficient feeding and supplementation of pancreatic exocrine enzymes. He is 19- month old now and shows catch-up growth. We report a novel CFTR mutation in a Korean infant with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gu-Hwan Kim
- Medical Genetics Clinic and Laboratory, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Wook Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Huang Q, Ding W, Wei MX. Comparative analysis of common CFTR polymorphisms poly-T, TG-repeats and M470V in a healthy Chinese population. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:1925-30. [PMID: 18350634 PMCID: PMC2699602 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the three important cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) haplotypes poly-T, TG-repeats and the M470V polymorphisms in the Chinese population, and to compare their distribution with that in Caucasians and other Asian populations.
METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes. Exons 9 and 10 of the CFTR gene were obtained through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Exon 9 DNA sequences were directly detected by an automated sequencer and poly-T and TG-repeats were identified by direct sequence analysis. Pure exon 10 PCR-amplified products were digested by HphI restriction enzyme and the M470V mutation was detected by the AGE photos of digestion products.
RESULTS: T7 was the most common (93.6%) haplotype and the (TG)11 frequency of 57.2% and (TG)12 frequency of 40.9% were dominant haplotypes in the junction of intron 8 (IVS-8) and exon 9. The frequency of T5 was 3.8% and all T5 allele tracts (10 alleles) were joined with (TG)12. Four new alleles of T6 (1.5%) were found in three healthy individuals. In exon 10, the V allele (56.1%) was slightly more frequent than the M allele (43.9%), and the M/V (45.5%) was the dominant genotype in these individuals. The three major haplotypes T7-(TG)11-V470, T7-(TG)12-M470 and T7-TG11-M470 were related to nearly 86.0% of the population.
CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms of poly-T, TG-repeats, and M470V distribution were similar to those in other East Asians, but they had marked differences in frequency from those single haplotype polymorphisms or linkage haplotypes in Caucasians. Thus, they may be able to explain the low incidence of CF and CF-like diseases in Asians.
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Chang YT, Chang MC, Su TC, Liang PC, Su YN, Kuo CH, Wei SC, Wong JM. Association of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation/variant/haplotype and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promoter polymorphism in hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. Clin Chem 2007; 54:131-8. [PMID: 17981921 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.093492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) leads to pancreatitis is not clear. We sought to determine whether the genes involved in pancreatic ductal or acinar cell injury, including the cationic trypsinogen gene [protease, serine, 1 (trypsin 1) (PRSS1)], the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor gene [serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1)], the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette subfamily C, member 7) (CFTR)], and inflammation genes such as tumor necrosis factor [tumor necrosis factor, TNF superfamily, member 2 (TNF)] are associated with hyperlipidemic pancreatitis (HLP) in patients with HTG. METHODS We performed genetic analysis of 126 HTG patients in Taiwan (46 with HLP and 80 without HLP). The entire coding and intronic regions of the PRSS1, SPINK1, and CFTR genes were identified by heteroduplex analysis techniques and were confirmed by sequencing analysis. The presence of 125G/C, 1001 + 11C>T, 1540A>G (Met470Val), 2694T>G, and 4521G>A in CFTR, the presence of 272C>T in SPINK1, and TNF promoter polymorphisms (nucleotide positions 1031, 863, 857, 308, and 308) were measured by direct sequencing. RESULTS Of the 126 HTG patients, 13 (10.3%) carried a CFTR mutation. No PRSS1 or SPINK1 mutations were detected in our patients or in HTG controls. The CFTR gene mutation rates in HTG with and without HLP were 26.1% (12 of 46) and 1.3% (1 of 80), respectively (P <0.0001). The CFTR gene mutations were all Ile556Val. A multivariate analysis of HTG patients indicated that triglycerides, CFTR 470Val, and TNF promoter 863A were independent risk markers for HLP. CONCLUSIONS This genetic study is the first one to address the association of HLP with the CFTR mutation/variant/haplotype and TNF promoter polymorphism in a Chinese HTG population. The results suggest that the occurrence of HLP is multifactorial and polygenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang MC, Chang YT, Wei SC, Tien YW, Liang PC, Jan IS, Su YN, Wong JM. Spectrum of mutations and variants/haplotypes of CFTR and genotype-phenotype correlation in idiopathic chronic pancreatitis and controls in Chinese by complete analysis. Clin Genet 2007; 71:530-9. [PMID: 17539902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene have been reported in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The authors examine whether the mutations and haplotypes of CFTR will increase the risk of developing idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP) in Chinese and their genotype and phenotype correlations. Seventy-eight patients with ICP and 200 geographically and ethnically matched controls in Taiwan were analyzed. The entire 27 coding and intronic regions of the CFTR gene were identified using heteroduplex analytical techniques and confirmed by sequencing analysis. The presence of 125G/C, 1001+10C>T, IVSTn(TG)m, 1540A>G, c2694T>G, and c4521G>A were determined by directing sequencing. Abnormal CFTR allele was found to be thrice as frequent in ICP patients as in controls (22/156 vs 19/400, p < 0.0001). T5 allele was associated with early onset of ICP. In six-loci haplotype analysis, 13 common haplotypes were assembled in the 278 individuals tested. The 125G/1001+11C/TG12/470M/2694T/4521G haplotype was associated with risk of ICP (odds ratio 11.3; 95% confidence interval 2.3-54.6, p = 0.008) in Chinese. The mutation spectrum is different from other ethnic groups. A population-specific panel of CFTR changes should be recommended for targeted populations including ICP in Chinese. It is important to design suitable screening programs for different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chu Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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58
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Choi JH, Ahn BM, Yi J, Lee JH, Lee JH, Nam SW, Chon CY, Han KH, Ahn SH, Jang IJ, Cho JY, Suh Y, Cho MO, Lee JE, Kim KH, Lee MG. MRP2 haplotypes confer differential susceptibility to toxic liver injury. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2007; 17:403-15. [PMID: 17502832 DOI: 10.1097/01.fpc.0000236337.41799.b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2, ABCC2) plays an important role in the biliary clearance of a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous toxic compounds. Therefore, polymorphisms and mutations in the MRP2 gene may affect individual susceptibility to hepatotoxic reactions. METHODS Associations between genetic variations of MRP2 and toxic hepatitis were investigated using integrated population genetic analysis and functional molecular studies. RESULTS Using a gene scanning method, 12 polymorphisms and mutations were found in the MRP2 gene in a Korean population. Individual variation at these sites was analyzed by conventional DNA screening in 110 control subjects and 94 patients with toxic hepatitis induced mostly by herbal remedies. When haplotypes were identified, over 85% of haploid genes belonged to the five most common haplotypes. Among these, a haplotype containing the g.-1774delG polymorphism showed a strong association with cholestatic or mixed-type hepatitis, and a haplotype containing the g.-1549G>A, g.-24C>T, c.334-49C>T, and c.3972C>T variations was associated with hepatocellular-type hepatitis. A comprehensive functional study of these sites revealed that genetic variations in the promoter of this gene are primarily responsible for the susceptibility to toxic liver injuries. The g.-1774delG variation and the combined variation of g.-1549G>A and g.-24C>T decreased MRP2 promoter activity by 36 and 39%, respectively. In addition, the promoter carrying the g.-1774delG allele showed a defect in the bile acid-induced induction of promoter activity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that genetic variations of MRP2 are an important predisposing factor for herbal-induced or drug-induced toxic liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ha Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Sinchon-Dong Seoul 120-752, Korea
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59
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Hwang IO, Lee ES. A case of cystic fibrosis presented with meconium ileus in a female neonate. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2007. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2007.50.12.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In-Ok Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun-Sil Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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60
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Naruse S, Fujiki K, Ishiguro H. Is genetic analysis helpful for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis in its early stage? J Gastroenterol 2007; 42 Suppl 17:60-5. [PMID: 17238030 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-006-1934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis in its early stage is an extremely difficult task. If the genetic predispositions are identified, it may help make possible the earlier diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis or the detection of patients at risk. There are two major hypotheses about the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis known as the "necrosis-fibrosis" and "pancreatic stone protein" hypotheses. Recent molecular and genetic evidence suggests that both pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis may be caused by either increased proteolytic activity [the cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) gene] or decreased protease inhibition (the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) gene]. The impaired pancreatic duct function [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene] may also be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Except for PRSS1 mutations, the known genetic risk for chronic pancreatitis is not high. The high individual variability and low incidence of chronic pancreatitis suggest that yet unidentified genetic and environmental factors are important. Further genetic analysis is necessary for understanding the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis, which may be helpful for the earlier diagnosis of the juvenile- or young-onset disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Naruse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Ziedalski TM, Kao PN, Henig NR, Jacobs SS, Ruoss SJ. Prospective analysis of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator mutations in adults with bronchiectasis or pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. Chest 2006; 130:995-1002. [PMID: 17035430 DOI: 10.1378/chest.130.4.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiectasis and pulmonary infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) may be associated with disease-causing mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR). METHODS Fifty adult patients at Stanford University Medical Center with a diagnosis of bronchiectasis and/or pulmonary NTM infection were prospectively characterized by sweat chloride measurement, comprehensive mutational analysis of CFTR, and sputum culture results. RESULTS A de novo diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) was established in 10 patients (20%). Patients with CF were more likely than those without CF to have mucus plugging seen on chest high-resolution CT, and women with a CF diagnosis were thinner, with a significantly lower mean body mass index than the non-CF subjects. Thirty CFTR mutations were identified in 24 patients (50% prevalence). Sweat chloride concentration was elevated > 60 mEq/dL (diagnostic of CF) in seven patients (14%), and from 40 to 60 mEq/dL in eight patients (16%). The frequency of CFTR mutations was elevated above that expected in the general population: heterozygous DeltaF508 (12% vs 3%), R75Q (14% vs 1%), and intron 8 5T (17% vs 5 to 10%). Other known CFTR mutations identified were V456A, G542X, R668C, I1027T, D1152, R1162L, W1282X, and L183I. Three novel CFTR mutations were identified: A394V, F650L, and C1344S. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in CFTR that alter RNA splicing and/or functional chloride conductance are common in this population, and are likely to contribute to the susceptibility and pathogenesis of adult bronchiectasis and pulmonary NTM infection. Careful clinical evaluation for disease cause should be undertaken in this clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Ziedalski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305-5236, USA
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Wessel J, Schork NJ. Generalized genomic distance-based regression methodology for multilocus association analysis. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 79:792-806. [PMID: 17033957 PMCID: PMC1698575 DOI: 10.1086/508346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale, multilocus genetic association studies require powerful and appropriate statistical-analysis tools that are designed to relate genotype and haplotype information to phenotypes of interest. Many analysis approaches consider relating allelic, haplotypic, or genotypic information to a trait through use of extensions of traditional analysis techniques, such as contingency-table analysis, regression methods, and analysis-of-variance techniques. In this work, we consider a complementary approach that involves the characterization and measurement of the similarity and dissimilarity of the allelic composition of a set of individuals' diploid genomes at multiple loci in the regions of interest. We describe a regression method that can be used to relate variation in the measure of genomic dissimilarity (or "distance") among a set of individuals to variation in their trait values. Weighting factors associated with functional or evolutionary conservation information of the loci can be used in the assessment of similarity. The proposed method is very flexible and is easily extended to complex multilocus-analysis settings involving covariates. In addition, the proposed method actually encompasses both single-locus and haplotype-phylogeny analysis methods, which are two of the most widely used approaches in genetic association analysis. We showcase the method with data described in the literature. Ultimately, our method is appropriate for high-dimensional genomic data and anticipates an era when cost-effective exhaustive DNA sequence data can be obtained for a large number of individuals, over and above genotype information focused on a few well-chosen loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Wessel
- Polymorphism Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Divisions of Epidemiology, Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA
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Wang Y, Soyombo AA, Shcheynikov N, Zeng W, Dorwart M, Marino CR, Thomas PJ, Muallem S. Slc26a6 regulates CFTR activity in vivo to determine pancreatic duct HCO3- secretion: relevance to cystic fibrosis. EMBO J 2006; 25:5049-57. [PMID: 17053783 PMCID: PMC1630422 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid and HCO(3)(-) secretion are vital functions of the pancreatic duct and other secretory epithelia. CFTR and Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activity at the luminal membrane are required for these functions. The molecular identity of the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchangers and their relationship with CFTR in determining fluid and HCO(3)(-) secretion are not known. We show here that the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger slc26a6 controls CFTR activity and ductal fluid and HCO(3)(-) secretion. Unexpectedly, deletion of slc26a6 in mice and measurement of fluid and HCO(3)(-) secretion into sealed intralobular pancreatic ducts revealed that deletion of slc26a6 enhanced spontaneous and decreased stimulated secretion. Remarkably, inhibition of CFTR activity with CFTR(inh)-172, knock-down of CFTR by siRNA and measurement of CFTR current in WT and slc26a6(-/-) duct cells revealed that deletion of slc26a6 resulted in dis-regulation of CFTR activity by removal of tonic inhibition of CFTR by slc26a6. These findings reveal the intricate regulation of CFTR activity by slc26a6 in both the resting and stimulated states and the essential role of slc26a6 in pancreatic HCO(3)(-) secretion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxue Wang
- The Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Abigail A Soyombo
- The Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nikolay Shcheynikov
- The Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Weizhong Zeng
- The Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael Dorwart
- The Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Philip J Thomas
- The Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- The Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
- The Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA. Tel.: +1 214 645 6008; Fax: +1 214 645 6089; E-mail:
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Giannattasio S, Bobba A, Jurgelevicius V, Vacca RA, Lattanzio P, Merafina RS, Utkus A, Kucinskas V, Marra E. Molecular basis of cystic fibrosis in Lithuania: incomplete CFTR mutation detection by PCR-based screening protocols. GENETIC TESTING 2006; 10:169-73. [PMID: 17020467 DOI: 10.1089/gte.2006.10.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutational analysis of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene was performed in 98 unrelated CF chromosomes from 49 Lithuanian CF patients through a combined approach in which the p.F508del mutation was first screened by allele-specific PCR while CFTR mutations in nonp.F508del chromosomes have been screened for by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. A CFTR mutation was characterized in 62.2% of CF chromosomes, two of which (2.0%) have been previously shown to carry a large gene deletion CFTRdele2,3(21 kb). The most frequent Lithuanian CF mutation is p.F508del (52.0%). Seven CFTR mutations, p.N1303K (2.0%), p.R75Q (1.0%), p.G314R (1.0%), p.R553X (4.2%), p.W1282X (1.0%), and g.3944delGT (1.0%), accounted for 10.1% of Lithuanian CF chromosomes. It was not possible to characterize 35.8% of the CF Lithuanian chromosomes. Analysis of intron 8 (TG)mTn and M470V polymorphic loci did not permit the characterization of the CFTR dysfunction underlying the CF phenotype in the patients for which no CFTR mutation was identified. Thus, screening of the eight CFTR mutations identified in this study and of the large deletion CFTRdele2,3(21 kb) allows the implementation of an early molecular or confirmatory CF diagnosis for 65% of Lithuanian CF chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giannattasio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica, Bari, Italy.
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Elahi E, Khodadad A, Kupershmidt I, Ghasemi F, Alinasab B, Naghizadeh R, Eason RG, Amini M, Esmaili M, Esmaeili Dooki MR, Sanati MH, Davis RW, Ronaghi M, Thorstenson YR. A haplotype framework for cystic fibrosis mutations in Iran. J Mol Diagn 2006; 8:119-27. [PMID: 16436643 PMCID: PMC1867567 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2006.050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive profile of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations and their corresponding haplotypes in the Iranian population. All of the 27 CFTR exons of 60 unrelated Iranian CF patients were sequenced to identify disease-causing mutations. Eleven core haplotypes of CFTR were identified by genotyping six high-frequency simple nucleotide polymorphisms. The carrier frequency of 2.5 in 100 (1 in 40) was estimated from the frequency of heterozygous patients and suggests that contrary to popular belief, cystic fibrosis may be a common, under-diagnosed disease in Iran. A heterogeneous mutation spectrum was observed at the CFTR locus in 60 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients from Iran. Twenty putative disease-causing mutations were identified on 64 (53%) of the 120 chromosomes. The five most common Iranian mutations together represented 37% of the expected mutated alleles. The most frequent mutation, DeltaF508 (p.F508del), represented only 16% of the expected mutated alleles. The next most frequent mutations were c.1677del2 (p.515fs) at 7.5%, c.4041C>G (p.N1303K) at 5.6%, c.2183AA>G (p.684fs) at 5%, and c.3661A>T (p.K1177X) at 2.5%. Three of the five most frequent Iranian mutations are not included in a commonly used panel of CF mutations, underscoring the importance of identifying geographic-specific mutations in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Elahi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
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66
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Naguib ML, Schrijver I, Gardner P, Pique LM, Doss SS, Abu Zekry MA, Aziz M, Nasr SZ. Cystic fibrosis detection in high-risk Egyptian children and CFTR mutation analysis. J Cyst Fibros 2006; 6:111-6. [PMID: 16837250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2006.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about Cystic Fibrosis (CF) in Egypt is very limited. The objective of this study was to screen for CF in Egyptian children with suggestive clinical features and to identify causative genetic mutations. METHODS Sixty-one patients from the Chest Unit, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt, were included. Subjects presented with persistent or recurrent respiratory symptoms, failure to thrive, diarrhea and/or steatorrhea and unexplained persistent jaundice. Patients were screened using the CF Indicatortrade mark sweat test system (PolyChrome Medical, Inc., Brooklyn Center, MN). A quantitative sweat testing was conducted on 10 of the 12 positive patients. Seven probands and one sibling underwent molecular analysis by direct DNA sequencing of the coding region and of the intronic sequences adjacent to the 27 exons of the CFTR gene. RESULTS Of 61 patients, 12 (20%) had positive sweat chloride screening. Ten of the 12 patients underwent quantitative sweat testing and were positive. Eight CFTR sequence changes were identified in seven affected probands and two were confirmed in one sibling by direct DNA sequencing. CONCLUSION The study results suggest that CF is more common in Egypt than previously anticipated. Larger studies are warranted to identify the incidence, molecular basis and clinical pattern of CF in the Egyptian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie L Naguib
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Cairo, Egypt
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67
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Nikolic A, Divac A, Stankovic M, Dinic J, Tomic B, Ljujic M. Analysis of common CFTR polymorphisms 5T, M470V, and R75Q in healthy Serbian population. RUSS J GENET+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795406070192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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68
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Koh WJ, Ki CS, Kim JW, Kim JH, Lim SY. Report of a Korean patient with cystic fibrosis, carrying Q98R and Q220X mutations in the CFTR gene. J Korean Med Sci 2006; 21:563-6. [PMID: 16778407 PMCID: PMC2729969 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2006.21.3.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most frequently seen autosomal-recessive disorders in Caucasians, it is extremely rare in the Korean population. Recently, a 15-yr-old Korean boy was admitted to our hospital complaining of coughing, sputum, and exertional dyspnea. Chest radiographs and computed tomographic chest and paranasal sinus scans revealed diffuse bronchiectasis and pansinusitis. Pulmonary function tests revealed severe obstructive impairment. The average sweat chloride concentrations on both of the patients' forearms were 63.0 mM/L (reference limit: < 40 mM/L). Upon mutation analysis, two different mutations (Q98R and Q220X) were identified in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene, both of which had been previously detected in CF patients, one from France and the other from England. As CF is quite rare in Korea, the diagnosis of CF in this patient might be delayed. Therefore, we recommend that a diagnosis of CF should be suspected in patients exhibiting unexplained chronic respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jung Koh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Yong Lim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Pompei F, Ciminelli BM, Bombieri C, Ciccacci C, Koudova M, Giorgi S, Belpinati F, Begnini A, Cerny M, Des Georges M, Claustres M, Ferec C, Macek M, Modiano G, Pignatti PF. Haplotype block structure study of the CFTR gene. Most variants are associated with the M470 allele in several European populations. Eur J Hum Genet 2006; 14:85-93. [PMID: 16251901 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An average of about 1700 CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) alleles from normal individuals from different European populations were extensively screened for DNA sequence variation. A total of 80 variants were observed: 61 coding SNSs (results already published), 13 noncoding SNSs, three STRs, two short deletions, and one nucleotide insertion. Eight DNA variants were classified as non-CF causing due to their high frequency of occurrence. Through this survey the CFTR has become the most exhaustively studied gene for its coding sequence variability and, though to a lesser extent, for its noncoding sequence variability as well. Interestingly, most variation was associated with the M470 allele, while the V470 allele showed an 'extended haplotype homozygosity' (EHH). These findings make us suggest a role for selection acting either on the M470V itself or through an hitchhiking mechanism involving a second site. The possible ancient origin of the V allele in an 'out of Africa' time frame is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Pompei
- Department of Biology, University of Roma-Tor Vergata, Italy
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Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations in Asians with chronic pulmonary disease: a pilot study. J Cyst Fibros 2006; 5:159-64. [PMID: 16678503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2006.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Revised: 02/19/2006] [Accepted: 02/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the relationship between cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations in Asian patients and severe asthma or idiopathic bronchiectasis. We investigated this potential relationship in the Singaporean Chinese. METHODS Twenty patients with chronic pulmonary disease, 14 with severe asthma and 6 with idiopathic bronchiectasis, were screened for CFTR mutations by direct gene sequencing. The frequencies of identified putative mutations were compared against 40 unaffected controls and 96 unselected population samples. RESULTS Three missense mutations (I125T, I556V, and Q1352H) and 1 splice site variant (intron 8 12TG5T) were identified in a total of 10 patients, representing a combined mutant/variant allele frequency of 0.25. These alleles were also observed in the controls, but at a significantly lower allele frequency of 0.09 (P<0.01). Furthermore, the I125T mutation was significantly associated with the idiopathic bronchiectasis sub-group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The significantly higher frequency of CFTR mutations among patients with chronic pulmonary disease compared with unaffected controls suggests that these mutations may increase risk for disease. The association of I125T with idiopathic bronchiectasis alone suggests that different mutations predispose to different disease.
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Namkung W, Kim KH, Lee MG. Base treatment corrects defects due to misfolding of mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Gastroenterology 2005; 129:1979-90. [PMID: 16344066 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 08/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The most common form of the disease-causing cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutation, DeltaF508, leads to a misfolded protein that undergoes endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Retrieval of misfolded protein from the cis-Golgi or pre-Golgi intermediate compartment is a critical factor in endoplasmic reticulum retention and degradation of DeltaF508 protein. Therefore, the inhibition of retrograde Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum traffic by the alkalinization of Golgi lumen may permit functional DeltaF508 protein to reach the cell surface. METHODS Functional and biochemical effects of alkaline treatment on misfolded cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-induced defects were measured in CFPAC-1 cells, which endogenously express DeltaF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, and in CHO cells, which heterologously express DeltaF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. The animal survival rate and the functional expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator proteins were analyzed in homozygous DeltaF508 mice after chronic treatment with weak base NaHCO3. RESULTS In CFPAC-1 and CHO cells, intracellular alkalization by reducing carbon dioxide concentrations in a carbon dioxide incubation chamber or intra-Golgi alkalization by bafilomycin A1 treatment increased the membrane expression of DeltaF508 protein and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-dependent anion transport. Notably, chronic administration of NaHCO3 increased the long-term survival of homozygous DeltaF508 mice and induced the functional expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the luminal membrane of intestinal epithelium. CONCLUSIONS We found that base treatments correct misfolded cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-induced defects in vitro and in vivo. These results imply that the alkalization of intracellular compartments, in particular, Golgi or pre-Golgi intermediate compartments, can be a potential therapeutic target for the loss-of-function type of conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Namkung
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Gastroenterology, and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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72
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Bernacki SH, Beck JC, Muralidharan K, Schaefer FV, Shrimpton AE, Richie KL, Levin BC, Pont-Kingdon G, Stenzel TT. Characterization of Publicly Available Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines for Disease-Associated Mutations in 11 Genes. Clin Chem 2005; 51:2156-9. [PMID: 16244288 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.048686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan H Bernacki
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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73
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Bernacki SH, Beck JC, Stankovic AK, Williams LO, Amos J, Snow-Bailey K, Farkas DH, Friez MJ, Hantash FM, Matteson KJ, Monaghan KG, Muralidharan K, Pratt VM, Prior TW, Richie KL, Levin BC, Rohlfs EM, Schaefer FV, Shrimpton AE, Spector EB, Stolle CA, Strom CM, Thibodeau SN, Cole EC, Goodman BK, Stenzel TT. Genetically Characterized Positive Control Cell Lines Derived from Residual Clinical Blood Samples. Clin Chem 2005; 51:2013-24. [PMID: 16166172 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.048694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Positive control materials for clinical diagnostic molecular genetic testing are in critically short supply. High-quality DNA that closely resembles DNA isolated from patient specimens can be obtained from Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–transformed peripheral blood lymphocyte cell lines. Here we report the development of a process to (a) recover residual blood samples with clinically important mutations detected during routine medical care, (b) select samples likely to provide viable lymphocytes for EBV transformation, (c) establish stable cell lines and confirm the reported mutation(s), and (d) validate the cell lines for use as positive controls in clinical molecular genetic testing applications.Methods: A network of 32 genetic testing laboratories was established to obtain anonymous, residual clinical samples for transformation and to validate resulting cell lines for use as positive controls. Three panel meetings with experts in molecular genetic testing were held to evaluate results and formulate a process that could function in the context of current common practices in molecular diagnostic testing.Results: Thirteen laboratories submitted a total of 113 residual clinical blood samples with mutations for 14 genetic disorders. Forty-one EBV-transformed cell lines were established. Thirty-five individual point and deletion mutations were shown to be stable after 20 population doublings in culture. Thirty-three cell lines were characterized for specific mutations and validated for use as positive controls in clinical diagnostic applications.Conclusions: A process for producing and validating positive control cell lines from residual clinical blood samples has been developed. Sustainable implementation of the process could help alleviate the current shortage of positive control materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan H Bernacki
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Dahl M, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Lange P, Nordestgaard BG. Asthma and COPD in cystic fibrosis intron-8 5T carriers. A population-based study. Respir Res 2005; 6:113. [PMID: 16212675 PMCID: PMC1277850 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2005] [Accepted: 10/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carriers of cystic fibrosis intron-8 5T alleles with high exon-9 skipping could have increased annual lung function decline and increased risk for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods We genotyped 9131 individuals from the adult Danish population for cystic fibrosis 5T, 7T, 9T, and F508del alleles, and examined associations between 11 different genotype combinations, and annual FEV1 decline and risk of asthma or COPD. Results 5T heterozygotes vs. 7T homozygous controls had no increase in annual FEV1 decline, self-reported asthma, spirometry-defined COPD, or incidence of hospitalization from asthma or COPD. In 5T/7T heterozygotes vs. 7T homozygous controls we had 90% power to detect an increase in FEV1 decline of 8 ml, an odds ratio for self-reported asthma and spirometry-defined COPD of 1.9 and 1.7, and a hazard ratio for asthma and COPD hospitalization of 1.8 and 1.6, respectively. Both 5T homozygotes identified in the study showed evidence of asthma, while none of four 5T/F508del compound heterozygotes had severe pulmonary disease. 7T/9T individuals had annual decline in FEV1 of 19 ml compared with 21 ml in 7T homozygous controls (t-test:P = 0.03). 6.7% of 7T homozygotes without an F508del allele in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene reported asthma vs. 11% of 7T/9T individuals with an F508del allele (χ2:P = 0.01) and 40% of 7T homozygotes with an F508del allele (P = 0.04). 7T homozygotes with vs. without an F508del allele also had higher incidence of asthma hospitalization (log-rank:P = 0.003); unadjusted and adjusted equivalent hazard ratios for asthma hospitalization were 11 (95%CI:1.5–78) and 6.3 (0.84–47) in 7T homozygotes with vs. without an F508del allele. Conclusion Polythymidine 5T heterozygosity is not associated with pulmonary dysfunction or disease in the adult Caucasian population. Furthermore, our results support that F508del heterozygosity is associated with increased asthma risk independently of the 5T allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Dahl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Peter Lange
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hvidovre University Hospital, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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75
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Lee KH, Ryu JK, Yoon WJ, Lee JK, Kim YT, Yoon YB. Mutation analysis of SPINK1 and CFTR gene in Korean patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50:1852-6. [PMID: 16187186 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Accepted: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Several genetic mutations have been reported to increase susceptibility to chronic pancreatitis. However, their roles in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis are controversial. We investigated the prevalence of SPINK1 N34S and new CFTR Q1352H mutations in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis in Korea. Forty-three patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis were enrolled and 35 healthy individuals served as controls. The SPINK1 N34S mutation was detected by the PCR-RFLP technique. The CFTR Q1352H mutation was examined with PCR direct sequencing. Mean age of chronic pancreatitis and control groups was 53.2 and 51.3 years, respectively. A SPINK1 N34S was detected as a heterozygote in one (2.4%) patient with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and a heterozygote CFTR Q1352H was detected in one other patient. In the control population, neither SPINK1 nor CFTR mutation was detected. This study shows that SPINK1 N34S and CFTR Q1352H mutations are uncommon and do not play an important role in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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76
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Nam MH, Hijikata M, Tuan LA, Lien LT, Shojima J, Horie T, Nakata K, Matsushita I, Ohashi J, Tokunaga K, Keicho N. Variations of the CFTR gene in the Hanoi-Vietnamese. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 136:249-53. [PMID: 15948196 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate polymorphic backgrounds of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) in the Vietnamese, we analyzed 495 blood samples of randomly selected healthy individuals in Hanoi for the delta F508 mutation and TG-repeats, poly-T, and M470V polymorphisms. We compared their distributions with those of Caucasians and other Asian populations. No delta F508 mutation was found, being consistent with the extremely low incidence of cystic fibrosis (CF) in Vietnam. Allele frequency of the T5 allele promoting exon 9 skipping was 0.037. Greater number of TG-repeats, which is known to facilitate this aberrant splicing, was a predominant trend in the Vietnamese and other Asians. A "T5-TG12-V470" haplotype was most common (29/37) among T5-bearing haplotypes. Three major haplotypes, T7-TG12-M470, T7-TG11-V470, and T7-TG12-V470, estimated by PHASE program, related to 92% of the population. This is the first study of the CFTR gene among the Vietnamese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai H Nam
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
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77
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Abstract
Advances in genotyping and sequencing technologies, coupled with the development of sophisticated statistical methods, have afforded investigators novel opportunities to define the role of sequence variation in the development of common human diseases. At the forefront of these investigations is the use of dense maps of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the haplotypes derived from these polymorphisms. Here we review basic concepts of high-density genetic maps of SNPs and haplotypes and how they are typically generated and used in human genetic research. We also provide useful examples and tools available for researchers interested in incorporating haplotypes into their studies. Finally, we discuss the latest concepts for the analysis of haplotypes related to human disease, including haplotype blocks, the International HapMap Project, and the future directions of these resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Crawford
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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78
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Lee JE, Choi JH, Lee JH, Lee MG. Gene SNPs and mutations in clinical genetic testing: haplotype-based testing and analysis. Mutat Res 2005; 573:195-204. [PMID: 15829248 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Haplotype-based analysis using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have gained increasing attention in evaluating candidate genes in various clinical situations. For example, haplotype information is useful for predicting the severity and prognosis of certain genetic disorders. The intragenic cis-interactions between the common polymorphisms and the pathogenic mutations of prion protein (PRNP) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genes greatly influence the phenotypes and the disease penetrance of hereditary Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and cystic fibrosis. Merits of haplotype study are more evident in the fine mapping of complex diseases and in identifying genetic variations that influence individual's response to drugs. Knowledge-based approaches and/or linkage analyses using SNP tagged haplotypes are effective tools in detecting genetic associations. For example, haplotype studies in the inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility loci revealed diverse cis and trans gene-gene interactions, which can affect the clinical outcomes. Although currently, we have very limited knowledge on haplotype-phenotypic characterizations of most genes, these examples demonstrate that increased understanding of the clinically relevant haplotypes will provide better results in the diagnosis and possibly in the treatment of both monogenic and polygenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Lee
- DNA Link Inc., 15-1 Yeonhui 1-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-110, Republic of Korea
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79
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Suh Y, Vijg J. SNP discovery in associating genetic variation with human disease phenotypes. Mutat Res 2005; 573:41-53. [PMID: 15829236 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2004] [Revised: 01/10/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With the completion of the human genome project, attention is now rapidly shifting towards the study of individual genetic variation. The most abundant source of genetic variation in the human genome is represented by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which can account for heritable inter-individual differences in complex phenotypes. Identification of SNPs that contribute to susceptibility to common diseases will provide highly accurate diagnostic information that will facilitate early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human diseases. Over the past several years, the advancement of increasingly high-throughput and cost-effective methods to discover and measure SNPs has begun to open the door towards this endeavor. Genetic association studies are considered to be an effective approach towards the detection of SNPs with moderate effects, as in most common diseases with complex phenotypes. This requires careful study design, analysis and interpretation. In this review, we discuss genetic association studies and address the prospect for candidate gene association studies, comparing the strengths and weaknesses of indirect and direct study designs. Our focus is on the continuous need for SNP discovery methods and the use of currently available prescreening methods for large-scale genetic epidemiological research until more advanced sequencing methods currently under development will become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousin Suh
- Department of Physiology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
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80
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Ahn KM, Park HY, Lee JH, Lee MG, Kim JH, Kang IJ, Lee SI. Cystic fibrosis in Korean children:a case report identified by a quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis sweat test and genetic analysis. J Korean Med Sci 2005; 20:153-7. [PMID: 15716623 PMCID: PMC2808565 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2005.20.1.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, and the mutations in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene contributes to the CF syndrome. Although CF is common in Caucasians, it is known to be rare in Asians. Recently, we experienced two cases of CF in Korean children. The patients were girls with chronic productive cough since early infancy. Chest computed tomography showed the diffuse bronchiectasis in both lungs, and their diagnosis was confirmed by the repeated analysis of a quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis test (QPIT). The sweat chloride concentrations of the first patient were 108.1 mM/L and 96.7 mM/L. The genetic analysis revealed that she was the compound heterozygote of Q1291X and IVS8 T5-M470V. In the second case, the sweat chloride concentrations were 95.0 mM/L and 77.5 mM/L. Although we performed a comprehensive search for the coding regions and exon-intron splicing junctions of CFTR gene, no obvious disease-related mutations were detected in the second case. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CF in Korean children identified by a QPIT and genetic analysis. The possibility of CF should be suspected in those patients with chronic respiratory symptoms even in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Mo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Im-Ju Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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81
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Pont-Kingdon G, Jama M, Miller C, Millson A, Lyon E. Long-range (17.7 kb) allele-specific polymerase chain reaction method for direct haplotyping of R117H and IVS-8 mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene. J Mol Diagn 2005; 6:264-70. [PMID: 15269305 PMCID: PMC1867631 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-1578(10)60520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotyping of genetic polymorphisms is widely used in clinical molecular laboratories to confirm or predict diseases due to single locus mutations. In contrast, very few molecular methods determine the phase or haplotype of two or more mutations that are kilobases apart. In this report, we describe a new method for haplotyping based on long-range allele-specific PCR. Reaction conditions were established to circumvent the incompatibility of using allele-specific primers and a polymerase with proofreading activity. Haplotypes are determined by post-PCR analysis using different detection methods. The clinical application presented here directly determines the phase of two mutations separated by 17.7 kilobases in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Each mutation, the missense mutation R117H in exon 4 and the 5T polymorphism in intron 8 (IVS-8), have mild phenotypic effect unless they are present on the same chromosome (in cis). If an individual is heterozygous for both R117H and the IVS-8 5T variant, cis/trans testing is required to completely interpret results. The molecular method presented here bypasses the need to perform family studies to establish haplotypes. We propose use of this assay as a reflex clinical test for R117H- 5T-positive samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Pont-Kingdon
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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Shin JH, Namkung W, Choi JY, Yoon JH, Lee MG. Purinergic stimulation induces Ca2+-dependent activation of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter in human nasal epithelia. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:18567-74. [PMID: 14982922 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m400639200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that P2 receptors (P2Rs) in airway epithelial cells perform critical functions in auto- or paracrine regulation of fluid and mucus secretion. In the present study, we characterized the effects of P2R stimulation on Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC) activity in normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE) cells. [Ca(2+)](i) and pH(i) were measured in primary cultures of NHNE cells using a double perfusion chamber, which enabled us to analyze membrane-specific transporter activities. NKCC activities were estimated by the pH(i) reduction due to Na(+)-dependent and bumetanide-sensitive intracellular uptake of NH(4)(+). NKCC activities were observed in the basolateral membrane, but not in the luminal membrane, of NHNE cells. Interestingly, P2Rs were expressed in both membranes, and the stimulation of either luminal or basolateral P2R increased NKCC activity. Blockades of luminal Cl(-) channels, basolateral K(+) channels, or protein kinase C did not affect the activation of NKCC by basolateral P2R stimulation. The effects of luminal P2R stimulation were partially reduced by Cl(-) channel blockers. However, chelation of intracellular Ca(2+) by 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) treatment completely blocked the stimulatory effects of luminal and basolateral P2Rs on NKCC. In addition, increasing [Ca(2+)](i) by treatment with ionomycin-stimulated NKCC activity. These results provide evidence that stimulation of P2Rs directly activates basolateral NKCC by Ca(2+)-dependent pathways in NHNE cells, which is an important aspect of the purinergic regulation of ion and fluid secretions in human airway epithelia under physiologic and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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