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Vishnuvardhan C, Saibaba B, Allakonda L, Swain D, Gananadhamu S, Srinivas R, Satheeshkumar N. LC–ESI–MS/MS evaluation of forced degradation behaviour of silodosin: In vitro anti cancer activity evaluation of silodosin and major degradation products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 134:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Shankar E, Montellano J, Gupta S. Chapter 5 Green Tea Polyphenols in the Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Cancer. TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES FOR MODERN TIMES 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315370156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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53
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Global Incidence and Mortality for Prostate Cancer: Analysis of Temporal Patterns and Trends in 36 Countries. Eur Urol 2016; 70:862-874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhang J, Xiao L, Qin Z, Xu A, Zhao K, Liang C, Miao C, Zhu J, Chen W, Hua Y, Liu Y, Zhang C, Yu Y, Su S, Wang Z. Association between germline homeobox B13 (HOXB13) G84E allele and prostate cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:67101-67110. [PMID: 27626483 PMCID: PMC5341860 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline HOXB13 G84E mutation (rs138213197) has been described associated with prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility but results of different studies are inconsistent. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the specific role of this mutation. Relevant available studies were identified by searching the databases Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to measure the strength of the association. Subgroup analysis were performed to evaluate the specific role of rs138213197 in disease aggressiveness, diagnostic age and family history. Furthermore, trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted for the first time to estimate whether the evidence of the results is sufficient. Our results indicated that significant increased PCa susceptibility was associated with rs138213197 compared with non-carriers (OR = 3.38, 95% CI: 2.45-4.66). Besides, in subgroup analysis, HOXB13 G84E variant was obviously associated with early onset (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 2.24-3.75), affected relatives (OR = 2.60, 95% CI 2.19-3.10) and highly aggressive disease (OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.84-3.08). By TSA, the findings in the current study were based on sufficient evidence. Therefore, our results indicated that the G84E mutation in HOXB13 gene might increase susceptibility to PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenkui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jundong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibo Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shifeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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DeSantis CE, Siegel RL, Sauer AG, Miller KD, Fedewa SA, Alcaraz KI, Jemal A. Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2016: Progress and opportunities in reducing racial disparities. CA Cancer J Clin 2016; 66:290-308. [PMID: 26910411 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, the American Cancer Society provides the estimated number of new cancer cases and deaths for blacks in the United States and the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, survival, screening, and risk factors for cancer. Incidence data are from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, and mortality data are from the National Center for Health Statistics. Approximately 189,910 new cases of cancer and 69,410 cancer deaths will occur among blacks in 2016. Although blacks continue to have higher cancer death rates than whites, the disparity has narrowed for all cancers combined in men and women and for lung and prostate cancers in men. In contrast, the racial gap in death rates has widened for breast cancer in women and remained level for colorectal cancer in men. The reduction in overall cancer death rates since the early 1990s translates to the avoidance of more than 300,000 deaths among blacks. In men, incidence rates from 2003 to 2012 decreased for all cancers combined (by 2.0% per year) as well as for the top 3 cancer sites (prostate, lung, and colorectal). In women, overall rates during the corresponding time period remained unchanged, reflecting increasing trends in breast cancer combined with decreasing trends in lung and colorectal cancer rates. Five-year relative survival is lower for blacks than whites for most cancers at each stage of diagnosis. The extent to which these disparities reflect unequal access to health care versus other factors remains an active area of research. Progress in reducing cancer death rates could be accelerated by ensuring equitable access to prevention, early detection, and high-quality treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:290-308. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol E DeSantis
- Director, Breast and Gynecological Cancer Surveillance, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- Strategic Director, Surveillance Information Services, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ann Goding Sauer
- Epidemiologist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kimberly D Miller
- Epidemiologist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Stacey A Fedewa
- Director, Risk Factor and Screening Surveillance, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kassandra I Alcaraz
- Strategic Director, Health Equities Research, Behavioral Research Center, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Vice President, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
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Parker PA, Cohen L, Bhadkamkar VA, Babaian RJ, Smith MA, Gritz ER, Basen-Engquist KM. Demographic and Past Screening Behaviors of Men Attending a Free Community Screening Program for Prostate Cancer. Health Promot Pract 2016; 7:213-20. [PMID: 16585144 DOI: 10.1177/1524839905278881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study characterizes demographic and past prostate screening behaviors of men who participated in a free screening for prostate cancer. Demographics, past prostate screening behavior, perceived risk, and cancer worry were assessed in 1,680 men. Mean age was 58.2 years, 56% were White, and 76% had health insurance. Men with insurance were more likely to have had a previous prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and digital rectal exam (DRE). White men were more likely to have had a previous PSA and DRE and to have discussed PSA testing with a physician than African American men. African American men reported greater perceived risk and more worry than White men. Screening differences between African American and White men were explained by insurance status. These results may help guide the development of and promotion for future screening programs. Future efforts should be directed at increasing awareness about screening procedures for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Parker
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1439, USA.
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Chen W, Zhou P, Li X. High expression of DDX20 enhances the proliferation and metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells through the NF-κB pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1551-7. [PMID: 27121695 PMCID: PMC4866965 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 20 (DDX20), a member of the DEAD box protein family, encodes an RNA helicase. Previous research has revealed that DDX20 may act as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma and as a tumor promoter in breast cancer. These conflicting reports prompted us to explore the role of DDX20 in prostate cancer (PCa). To gain insight into the functions of DDX20 in PCa, we examined DDX20 expression patterns in a PCa tissue microarray with 99 PCa tissue samples. The results of immunohistochemical staining revealed that DDX20 expression is frequently upregulated in PCa tissues compared with that in the adjacent tissues and further clinicopathological analysis showed that the expression level of DDX20 closely correlates with tumor size, TNM stage (positive correlation) and patient prognosis (negative correlation). Both gain-of- and loss-of-function assays were performed in vitro; the overexpression of DDX20 enhanced the proliferation and metastatic potential of cancer cells and this was examined by performing a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, wound healing assay and Transwell migration assay. Furthermore, we found that there is a positive correlation between the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and DDX20 expression. These findings led us to examine whether DDX20 may exert effects through the NF-κB pathway. Luciferase reporter assays suggested that DDX20 altered the activity of NF-κB. Taken together, these findings show that DDX20 may promote the progression of PCa through the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Chen
- Department of Urology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Urology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
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58
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Kinnear NJ, Kichenadasse G, Plagakis S, O’Callaghan ME, Kopsaftis T, Walsh S, Foreman D. Prostate cancer in men aged less than 50 years at diagnosis. World J Urol 2016; 34:1533-1539. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-016-1824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Zhou CK, Check DP, Lortet-Tieulent J, Laversanne M, Jemal A, Ferlay J, Bray F, Cook MB, Devesa SS. Prostate cancer incidence in 43 populations worldwide: An analysis of time trends overall and by age group. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:1388-400. [PMID: 26488767 PMCID: PMC4712103 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a significant public health burden and a major cause of morbidity and mortality among men worldwide. Analyzing geographic patterns and temporal trends may help identify high-risk populations, suggest the degree of PSA testing, and provide clues to etiology. We used incidence data available from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and certain cancer registries for 43 populations across five continents during a median period of 24 years. Trends in overall prostate cancer rates showed five distinct patterns ranging from generally monotonic increases to peaking of rates followed by declines, which coincide somewhat with changes in the prevalence of PSA testing. Trends in age-specific rates generally mirrored those in the overall rates, with several notable exceptions. For populations where overall rates increased rapidly and then peaked, exemplified in North America and Oceania, the highest incidence tended to be most pronounced and occurred during earlier calendar years among older men compared with younger ones. For populations with almost continual increases in overall rates, exemplified in Eastern Europe and Asia, peaks were evident among men aged ≥ 75 years in many instances. Rates for ages 45-54 years did not clearly stabilize or decline in the majority of studied populations. Global geographic variation remained substantial for both overall and age-specific incidence rates regardless of levels of PSA testing, with the lowest rates consistently in Asia. Explanations for the persistent geographic differences and the continuing increases of especially early-onset prostate cancer remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ke Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David P. Check
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Mathieu Laversanne
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan S. Devesa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Tan HJ, Marks LS, Hoyt MA, Kwan L, Filson CP, Macairan M, Lieu P, Litwin MS, Stanton AL. The Relationship between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Anxiety in Men on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer. J Urol 2016; 195:1724-30. [PMID: 26872841 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anxiety may serve as a major barrier to participation in active surveillance. Intolerance of uncertainty, that is the tendency to perceive the potential for negative events as threatening, has been linked to cancer related worry. Accordingly we explored prospectively the relationship of intolerance of uncertainty with anxiety along with other clinical factors among men treated with active surveillance for prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 119 men with D'Amico low risk prostate cancer participating in active surveillance completed the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), MAX-PC (Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer), IUS (Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale) and I-PSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) surveys from 2011 to 2014. We evaluated the relationship between anxiety and IUS score after adjusting for patient characteristics, cancer information and I-PSS using bivariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS Of the men 18 (15.1%) and 17 (14.3%) reported clinically significant anxiety on the generalized and prostate cancer specific scales, respectively. On bivariable analysis men with moderate/severe urinary symptoms and higher IUS scores reported more generalized and prostate cancer specific anxiety than men with mild urinary symptoms and lower IUS scores, respectively (p ≤0.008). Men with depressive symptoms (p = 0.024) or a family history of prostate cancer (p = 0.006) experienced greater generalized anxiety. On multivariable analysis IUS score was significantly associated with generalized and prostate cancer specific anxiety (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.09-1.38 and OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13-1.49, respectively) while moderate/severe urinary symptoms were associated with prostate cancer specific anxiety (OR 6.89, 95% CI 1.33-35.68). CONCLUSIONS Intolerance of uncertainty and urinary symptoms may promote anxiety in men on active surveillance for prostate cancer. Patient education, management of lower urinary tract symptoms and behavioral interventions may lessen anxiety related to uncertainty intolerance and help maintain patient engagement in active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jui Tan
- Veterans Affairs/UCLA Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Leonard S Marks
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael A Hoyt
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Lorna Kwan
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher P Filson
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Malu Macairan
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patricia Lieu
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark S Litwin
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Annette L Stanton
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry/Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Filson CP, Shelton JB, Tan HJ, Kwan L, Skolarus TA, Saigal CS, Litwin MS. Expectant management of veterans with early-stage prostate cancer. Cancer 2015; 122:626-33. [PMID: 26540451 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For certain men with low-risk prostate cancer, aggressive treatment results in marginal survival benefits while exposing them to urinary and sexual side effects. Nevertheless, expectant management has been underused. In the current study, the authors evaluated the association between various factors and expectant management use among veterans diagnosed with prostate cancer. METHODS The authors identified men diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2008. The outcome of interest was use of expectant management, based on documentation captured through an in-depth chart review. Multivariable regression models were fit to examine associations between use of expectant management and patient demographics, cancer severity, and facility characteristics. The authors assessed variation across 21 tertiary care regions and 52 facilities by generating predicted probabilities for receipt of expectant management. RESULTS Expectant management was more common among patients aged ≥75 years (40% vs 27% for those aged < 55 years; odds ratio, 2.57) and those with low-risk tumors (49% vs 20% for patients with high-risk tumors; odds ratio, 5.35). There was no association noted between patient comorbidity and receipt of expectant management (P = .90). There were also no associations found between facility factors and use of expectant management (all P>.05). Among ideal candidates for expectant management, receipt of expectant management varied considerably across individual facilities (0%-85%; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Patient age and tumor risk were found to be more strongly associated with use of expectant management than patient comorbidity. Although use of expectant management appears broadly appropriate, there was variation in expectant management noted between hospitals that was apparently not attributable to facility factors. Research determining the basis of this variation, with a focus on providers, will be critical to help optimize prostate cancer treatment for veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Filson
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Veterans Affairs Atlanta Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia.,Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeremy B Shelton
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,Center for Clinical Management Research, Health Services Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hung-Jui Tan
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lorna Kwan
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ted A Skolarus
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,Dow Division of Health Services Research, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher S Saigal
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,Center for Clinical Management Research, Health Services Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark S Litwin
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California at Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
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Lu X, Yamano Y, Takahashi H, Koda M, Fujiwara Y, Hisada A, Miyazaki W, Katoh T. Associations between estrogen receptor genetic polymorphisms, smoking status, and prostate cancer risk: a case-control study in Japanese men. Environ Health Prev Med 2015; 20:332-7. [PMID: 26251204 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-015-0471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the major causes of death among men. Our study investigated the association of ESR1 and ESR2 genotypes with susceptibility to PCa in relation to smoking status in Japanese. METHOD A case-control study was performed with 750 Japanese prostate cancer patients and 870 healthy controls. After age-matching in case-controls, 352 controls and 352 cases were enrolled in this study. By using logistic regression analysis, the different genotypes from ESR1 and ESR2 were analyzed according to case/control status. RESULT ESR2 rs4986938 AG and AG + AA genotypes were associated with significantly decreased risk of PCa (AG: OR = 0.68, 95 % CI 0.47-0.97, P < 0.05 and AG + AA: OR = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.47-0.94, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant association between ESR1 rs2234693 and PCa risk. When patients were grouped according to smoking status, the ESR2 rs1256049 AA genotype (OR = 0.48, 95 % CI 0.25-0.95, P < 0.05) and ESR2 rs4986938 AG + AA genotype (OR = 0.64, 95 % CI 0.41-1.00, P < 0.05) showed significantly decreased PCa risk in the ever-smoker group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the estrogen receptor ESR2 has a very important function to predict PCa and that different SNPs have different predictive values. Smoking may influence estrogenic activity and may influence PCa together with the estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan,
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Davis JW, Ward JF, Pettaway CA, Wang X, Kuban D, Frank SJ, Lee AK, Pisters LL, Matin SF, Shah JB, Karam JA, Chapin BF, Papadopoulos JN, Achim M, Hoffman KE, Pugh TJ, Choi S, Troncoso P, Logothetis CJ, Kim J. Disease reclassification risk with stringent criteria and frequent monitoring in men with favourable-risk prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance. BJU Int 2015; 118:68-76. [PMID: 26059275 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of disease reclassification and to identify clinicopathological variables associated with it in patients with favourable-risk prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance (AS). PATIENTS AND METHODS We assessed 191 men, selected by what may be the most stringent criteria used in AS studies yet conducted, who were enrolled in a prospective cohort AS trial. Clinicopathological characteristics were analysed in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. Key features were an extended biopsy with a single core positive for Gleason score (GS) 3 + 3 (<3 mm) or 3 + 4 (<2 mm) and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level <4 ng/mL (adjusted for prostate volume). Biopsies were repeated every 1-2 years and clinical evaluations every 6 months. Disease was reclassified when PSA level increased by 30% from baseline, or when biopsy tumour length increased beyond the enrolment criteria, more than one positive core was detected or any grade increased to a dominant 4 pattern or any 5 pattern. RESULTS Disease was reclassified in 32 patients (16.8%) including upgrading to GS 4 + 3 in five patients (2.6%). The median (interquartile range) follow-up time among survivors was 3 (1.9-4.6) years. Overall, 13 of the 32 (40.6%) had incremental increases in GS. Tumour length (hazard ratio 2.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-6.46; P = 0.007) and older age (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.09; P = 0.05) were identified as significant and marginally significant predictors of disease reclassification, respectively. Disease remained stable in 83.2% of patients. CONCLUSION The need persists for improvements in risk stratification and predictive indicators of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Davis
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John F Ward
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Curtis A Pettaway
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Kuban
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven J Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew K Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louis L Pisters
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Surena F Matin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jay B Shah
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jose A Karam
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian F Chapin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John N Papadopoulos
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary Achim
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen E Hoffman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas J Pugh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seungtaek Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeri Kim
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Mkanta WN, Ndjakani Y, Bandiera FC, Blumenthal DS, Nseyo UO, Asal NR. Prostate Cancer Screening and Mortality in Blacks and Whites: A Hospital-based Case-Control Study. J Natl Med Assoc 2015; 107:32-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Weir HK, Thompson TD, Soman A, Møller B, Leadbetter S. The past, present, and future of cancer incidence in the United States: 1975 through 2020. Cancer 2015; 121:1827-37. [PMID: 25649671 PMCID: PMC4507799 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall age-standardized cancer incidence rate continues to decline whereas the number of cases diagnosed each year increases. Predicting cancer incidence can help to anticipate future resource needs, evaluate primary prevention strategies, and inform research. METHODS Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data were used to estimate the number of cancers (all sites) resulting from changes in population risk, age, and size. The authors projected to 2020 nationwide age-standardized incidence rates and cases (including the top 23 cancers). RESULTS Since 1975, incident cases increased among white individuals, primarily caused by an aging white population, and among black individuals, primarily caused by an increasing black population. Between 2010 and 2020, it is expected that overall incidence rates (proxy for risk) will decrease slightly among black men and stabilize in other groups. By 2020, the authors predict annual cancer cases (all races, all sites) to increase among men by 24.1% (-3.2% risk and 27.3% age/growth) to >1 million cases, and by 20.6% among women (1.2% risk and 19.4% age/growth) to >900,000 cases. The largest increases are expected for melanoma (white individuals); cancers of the prostate, kidney, liver, and urinary bladder in males; and the lung, breast, uterus, and thyroid in females. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the authors predict cancer incidence rates/risk to stabilize for the majority of the population; however, they expect the number of cancer cases to increase by >20%. A greater emphasis on primary prevention and early detection is needed to counter the effect of an aging and growing population on the burden of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K. Weir
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Trevor D. Thompson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Bjørn Møller
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steven Leadbetter
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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66
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Schymura MJ, Sun L, Percy-Laurry A. Prostate cancer collaborative stage data items--their definitions, quality, usage, and clinical implications: a review of SEER data for 2004-2010. Cancer 2015; 120 Suppl 23:3758-70. [PMID: 25412388 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Version 2 of the Collaborative Stage Data Collection System (CSv2) became effective with cases diagnosed in 2010. This report focuses on the CSv2 components required to derive the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage for prostate cancer and on the site-specific factors for prostate cancer captured in CSv2. The report also highlights differences between the AJCC 6th and 7th editions for classifying prostate cancer stage. METHODS Data from 18 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program population-based registries (SEER-18) were analyzed for the years 2004-2010, which included 400,591 prostate cancer cases. RESULTS CSv2 provides specificity with regard to the Gleason grading system by distinguishing between clinical and pathologic patterns and scores. The AJCC 7th edition incorporates prostate-specific antigen values into staging, subdivides stage II into IIA and IIB, and reclassifies extraprostatic invasion with microscopic bladder neck invasion from T4 in the 6th edition to T3a; this latter change affected the AJCC stage of 283 cases in 2010. Of the 44,578 prostate cancer cases diagnosed in 2010 that would have been classified as stage II in the AJCC 6th edition, 32.7%, 27.5%, and 39.8% are classified as stages I, IIA, and IIB, respectively, in the 7th edition. CONCLUSIONS CSv2 provides more information than was previously available to researchers using SEER prostate data. The absence of a clearly defined clinical stage for each prostate case is the overriding limitation that researchers face in relying on Collaborative Stage information to analyze prostate cancer data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Schymura
- New York State Cancer Registry, Division of Chronic Disease Prevention, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
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67
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Tahara H, Naito H, Kise K, Wakabayashi T, Kamoi K, Okihara K, Yanagisawa A, Nakai Y, Nonomura N, Morii E, Miki T, Takakura N. Evaluation of PSF1 as a prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2014; 18:56-62. [DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2014.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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68
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PSA velocity: A systematic review of clinical applications. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:1116-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Even with improved cancer care generally, the incidence and death rate is increasing for pancreatic cancer. Concern exists that a further increase in deaths caused by pancreatic cancer will be seen as other causes of death, such as heart disease and other cancers, decline. Critical exploration of screening high-risk patients as a tool to reduce deaths from pancreatic cancer should be considered. Technological advances and improved understanding of pancreatic cancer biology provides an opportunity to identify and test a panel of early detection biomarkers easily, accurately, and inexpensively measured in blood, urine, stool, or saliva samples. These biomarkers may have additional usefulness in staging, stratification for treatment, establishing prognosis, and assessing response to therapy in this disease. Screening may prove to be one of several strategies to improve outcomes in a disease that has otherwise been difficult to defeat.
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70
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Design study on photoacoustic probe to detect prostate cancer using 3D Monte Carlo simulation and finite element method. Biomed Eng Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-014-0150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Lalitha K, Suman G, Pruthvish S, Mathew A, Murthy NS. Estimation of time trends of incidence of prostate cancer--an Indian scenario. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 13:6245-50. [PMID: 23464439 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increase in life expectancy, adoption of newer lifestyles and screening using prostate specific antigen (PSA), the incidence of prostate cancer is on rise. Globally prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and sixth leading cause of cancer death in men. The present communication makes an attempt to analyze the time trends in incidence for different age groups of the Indian population reported in different Indian registries using relative difference and regression approaches. MATERIALS AND METHOD The data published in Cancer Incidence in Five Continents for various Indian registries for different periods and/or publications by the individual registries served as the source materials. Trends were estimated by computing the mean annual percentage change (MAPC) in the incidence rates using the relative difference between two time periods (latest and oldest) and also by estimation of annual percentage change (EAPC) by the Poisson regression model. RESULTS Age adjusted incidence rates (AAR) of prostate cancer for the period 2005-2008 ranged from 0.8 (Manipur state excluding Imphal west) to 10.9 (Delhi) per 105 person-years. Age specific incidence rates (ASIR) increased in all PBCRs especially after 55 years showing a peak incidence at +65 years clearly indicating that prostate cancer is a cancer of the elderly. MAPC in crude incidence rate(CR) ranged from 0.14 (Ahmedabad) to 8.6 (Chennai) . Chennai also recorded the highest MAPC of 5.66 in ASIR in the age group of 65+. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the AAR ranged from 0.8 to 5.8 among the three registries. Increase in trend was seen in the 5-64 year age group cohort in many registries and in the 35-44 age group in Metropolitan cities such as Delhi and Mumbai. CONCLUSIONS Several Indian registries have revealed an increasing trend in the incidence of prostate cancer and the mean annual percentage change has ranged from 0.14-8.6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnappa Lalitha
- Department of Community Medicine, M.S.Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India
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72
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Chang ET, Boffetta P, Adami HO, Cole P, Mandel JS. A critical review of the epidemiology of Agent Orange/TCDD and prostate cancer. Eur J Epidemiol 2014; 29:667-723. [PMID: 25064616 PMCID: PMC4197347 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-014-9931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To inform risk assessment and regulatory decision-making, the relationship between 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and prostate cancer requires clarification. This article systematically and critically reviews the epidemiologic evidence on the association between exposure to TCDD or Agent Orange, a TCDD-contaminated herbicide used during the Vietnam War, and prostate cancer risk. Articles evaluated include 11 studies of three cohorts, four case-control or cross-sectional studies, and three case-only studies of military veterans with information on estimated Agent Orange or TCDD exposure; 13 studies of seven cohorts, one case-control study, and eight proportionate morbidity or mortality studies of Vietnam veterans without information on Agent Orange exposure; 11 cohort studies of workers with occupational exposure to TCDD; and two studies of one community cohort with environmental exposure to TCDD. The most informative studies, including those of Vietnam veterans involved in Agent Orange spraying or other handling, herbicide manufacturing or spraying workers with occupational TCDD exposure, and community members exposed to TCDD through an industrial accident, consistently reported no significant increase in prostate cancer incidence or mortality. Only some potentially confounded studies of Vietnam veterans compared with the general population, studies with unreliable estimates of Agent Orange exposure, and analyses of selected subgroups of Vietnam veterans reported positive associations. Overall, epidemiologic research offers no consistent or convincing evidence of a causal relationship between exposure to Agent Orange or TCDD and prostate cancer. More accurate exposure assessment is needed in large epidemiologic studies to rule out a causal association more conclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Chang
- Health Sciences Practice, Exponent, Inc., 149 Commonwealth Drive, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA,
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Özgür BC, Köseoğlu E, Arık Aİ, Sarıcı H, Bilgin Ö, Yücetürk CN, Özer E, Güven EO, Telli O, Atan A, Eroğlu M. Synchronous bladder and prostate cancers in the specimens of radical cystoprostatectomy: A multicenter retrospective analysis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2014; 30:371-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Liu S, Lin SJ, Li G, Kim E, Chen YT, Yang DR, Tan MHE, Yong EL, Chang C. Differential roles of PPARγ vs TR4 in prostate cancer and metabolic diseases. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:R279-300. [PMID: 24623743 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ, NR1C3) and testicular receptor 4 nuclear receptor (TR4, NR2C2) are two members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily that can be activated by several similar ligands/activators including polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites, such as 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, as well as some anti-diabetic drugs such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs). However, the consequences of the transactivation of these ligands/activators via these two NRs are different, with at least three distinct phenotypes. First, activation of PPARγ increases insulin sensitivity yet activation of TR4 decreases insulin sensitivity. Second, PPARγ attenuates atherosclerosis but TR4 might increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Third, PPARγ suppresses prostate cancer (PCa) development and TR4 suppresses prostate carcinogenesis yet promotes PCa metastasis. Importantly, the deregulation of either PPARγ or TR4 in PCa alone might then alter the other receptor's influences on PCa progression. Knocking out PPARγ altered the ability of TR4 to promote prostate carcinogenesis and knocking down TR4 also resulted in TZD treatment promoting PCa development, indicating that both PPARγ and TR4 might coordinate with each other to regulate PCa initiation, and the loss of either one of them might switch the other one from a tumor suppressor to a tumor promoter. These results indicate that further and detailed studies of both receptors at the same time in the same cells/organs may help us to better dissect their distinct physiological roles and develop better drug(s) with fewer side effects to battle PPARγ- and TR4-related diseases including tumor and cardiovascular diseases as well as metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Liu
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeChawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center and Department of UrologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, ChinaDepartment of Biological SciencesChonnam National University, Youngbong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757 KoreaCardiovascular Research InstituteNational University Health System and The Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSex Hormone Research CenterChina Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Jen Lin
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeChawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center and Department of UrologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, ChinaDepartment of Biological SciencesChonnam National University, Youngbong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757 KoreaCardiovascular Research InstituteNational University Health System and The Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSex Hormone Research CenterChina Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Gonghui Li
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeChawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center and Department of UrologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, ChinaDepartment of Biological SciencesChonnam National University, Youngbong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757 KoreaCardiovascular Research InstituteNational University Health System and The Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSex Hormone Research CenterChina Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Eungseok Kim
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeChawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center and Department of UrologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, ChinaDepartment of Biological SciencesChonnam National University, Youngbong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757 KoreaCardiovascular Research InstituteNational University Health System and The Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSex Hormone Research CenterChina Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yei-Tsung Chen
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeChawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center and Department of UrologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, ChinaDepartment of Biological SciencesChonnam National University, Youngbong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757 KoreaCardiovascular Research InstituteNational University Health System and The Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSex Hormone Research CenterChina Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Rong Yang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeChawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center and Department of UrologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, ChinaDepartment of Biological SciencesChonnam National University, Youngbong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757 KoreaCardiovascular Research InstituteNational University Health System and The Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSex Hormone Research CenterChina Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - M H Eileen Tan
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeChawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center and Department of UrologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, ChinaDepartment of Biological SciencesChonnam National University, Youngbong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757 KoreaCardiovascular Research InstituteNational University Health System and The Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSex Hormone Research CenterChina Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Eu Leong Yong
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeChawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center and Department of UrologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, ChinaDepartment of Biological SciencesChonnam National University, Youngbong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757 KoreaCardiovascular Research InstituteNational University Health System and The Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSex Hormone Research CenterChina Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeChawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center and Department of UrologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, ChinaDepartment of Biological SciencesChonnam National University, Youngbong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757 KoreaCardiovascular Research InstituteNational University Health System and The Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSex Hormone Research CenterChina Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 404, TaiwanGeorge Whipple Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeChawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center and Department of UrologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, ChinaDepartment of Biological SciencesChonnam National University, Youngbong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757 KoreaCardiovascular Research InstituteNational University Health System and The Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSex Hormone Research CenterChina Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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McGuire BB, Anglim B, Loeb S, Helfand BT, Grainger R, Flynn R, McDermott T, Hu Q, Cooper PR, Fennell A, Catalona WJ, Thornhill J. Radical prostatectomy outcomes during prostate-specific antigen era in Ireland compared to a matched American population. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415813496995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To examine temporal trends in clinico-pathological outcomes following radical prostatectomy (RP) in Ireland over time, and perform matched comparison of between Ireland and the USA based upon initiation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening. Methods: Between 2000–2010, 651 RPs were carried out at a single institution in Ireland. Clinic-pathologic tumor features were compared to 1302 men treated in the USA from the same time interval (matching on year of diagnosis, 1:2 ratio). As historical comparison, we included a separate group of 150 USA men who underwent RP during the early PSA era (1990–1992). Results: We observed a downward migration in biopsy tumor burden ( p=0.002), RP tumor volume ( p<0.001) and pathologic stage ( p=0.001) in Irish men. In comparison to USA men (same interval), Irish patients had higher percentage Gleason 7–10 prostate cancer ( p=0.003), higher median tumor volume (20% versus 8%, p<0.0001), and marginally higher stage disease (pT3 20% versus 16.7%, p=0.06). In comparison to USA men from the early PSA era (1990–1992) Irish men are younger ( p<0.001), have more high-grade disease on both biopsy ( p=0.001) and RP ( p<0.001) specimens. Although there is no significant difference between tumor volumes between both eras, Irish men are more likely to have organ-confined disease ( p=0.02). Conclusions: During the past decade of increasing PSA utilization in Ireland, we found evidence of pathological stage migration. In comparison to a USA population, Irish men have worse pathological characteristics, however, in comparison to the early USA PSA era, Irish men are more likely to have organ-confined disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry B McGuire
- Department of Urology, Tallaght Hospital, Ireland
- Northshore University HealthSystem, USA
| | | | - Stacy Loeb
- Department of Urology, New York University, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Flynn
- Department of Urology, Tallaght Hospital, Ireland
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Rana SB, Pokharel S. A dosimetric study of volumetric modulated arc therapy planning techniques for treatment of low-risk prostate cancer in patients with bilateral hip prostheses. South Asian J Cancer 2014; 3:18-21. [PMID: 24665441 PMCID: PMC3961862 DOI: 10.4103/2278-330x.126506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Recently, megavoltage (MV) photon volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has gained widespread acceptance as the technique of choice for prostate cancer patients undergoing external beam radiation therapy. However, radiation treatment planning for patients with metallic hip prostheses composed of high-Z materials can be challenging due to (1) presence of streak artifacts from prosthetic hips in computed tomography dataset, and (2) inhomogeneous dose distribution within the target volume. The purpose of this study was to compare the dosimetric quality of VMAT techniques in the form of Rapid Arc (RA) for treating low-risk prostate cancer patient with bilateral prostheses. Materials and Methods: Three treatment plans were created using RA techniques utilizing 2 arcs (2-RA), 3 arcs (3-RA), and 4 arcs (4-RA) for 6 MV photon beam in Eclipse treatment planning system. Each plan was optimized for total dose of 79.2 Gy prescribed to the planning target volume (PTV) over 44 fractions. All three RA plans were calculated with anisotropic analytical algorithm. Results: The mean and maximum doses to the PTV as well as the homogeneity index among all three RA plans were comparable. The plan conformity index was highest in the 2-Arc plan (1.19) and lowest in the 4-Arc plan (1.10). In comparison to the 2-RA technique, the 4-RA technique reduced the doses to rectum by up to 18.8% and to bladder by up to 7.8%. In comparison to the 3-RA technique, the 4-RA technique reduced the doses to rectum by up to 14.6% and to bladder by up to 3.5%. Conclusion: Based on the RA techniques investigated for a low-risk prostate cancer patient with bilateral prostheses, the 4-RA plan produced lower rectal and bladder dose and better dose conformity across the PTV in comparison with the 2-RA and 3-RA plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh B Rana
- Department of Medical Physics, ProCure Proton Therapy Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shyam Pokharel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Premiere Oncology, Fort Myers, FL, USA
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Stampfer MJ, Jahn JL, Gann PH. Further evidence that prostate-specific antigen screening reduces prostate cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju026. [PMID: 24610908 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meir J Stampfer
- Affiliations of authors: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MJS, JJ); Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (MJS); Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL (PG)
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Lin SJ, Lee SO, Lee YF, Miyamoto H, Yang DR, Li G, Chang C. TR4 nuclear receptor functions as a tumor suppressor for prostate tumorigenesis via modulation of DNA damage/repair system. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1399-406. [PMID: 24583925 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, plays important roles in metabolism, fertility and aging. The linkage of TR4 functions in cancer progression, however, remains unclear. Using three different mouse models, we found TR4 could prevent or delay prostate cancer (PCa)/prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia development. Knocking down TR4 in human RWPE1 and mouse mPrE normal prostate cells promoted tumorigenesis under carcinogen challenge, suggesting TR4 may play a suppressor role in PCa initiation. Mechanism dissection in both in vitro cell lines and in vivo mice studies found that knocking down TR4 led to increased DNA damage with altered DNA repair system that involved the modulation of ATM expression at the transcriptional level, and addition of ATM partially interrupted the TR4 small interfering RNA-induced tumorigenesis in cell transformation assays. Immunohistochemical staining in human PCa tissue microarrays revealed ATM expression is highly correlated with TR4 expression. Together, these results suggest TR4 may function as a tumor suppressor to prevent or delay prostate tumorigenesis via regulating ATM expression at the transcriptional level.
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Baker JD, Alcantara A, Ruan X, Vasan S, Nathan C. An evaluation of the accuracy of small-area demographic estimates of population at risk and its effect on prevalence statistics. Popul Health Metr 2013; 11:24. [PMID: 24359344 PMCID: PMC3917896 DOI: 10.1186/1478-7954-11-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Demographic estimates of population at risk often underpin epidemiologic research and public health surveillance efforts. In spite of their central importance to epidemiology and public-health practice, little previous attention has been paid to evaluating the magnitude of errors associated with such estimates or the sensitivity of epidemiologic statistics to these effects. In spite of the well-known observation that accuracy in demographic estimates declines as the size of the population to be estimated decreases, demographers continue to face pressure to produce estimates for increasingly fine-grained population characteristics at ever-smaller geographic scales. Unfortunately, little guidance on the magnitude of errors that can be expected in such estimates is currently available in the literature and available for consideration in small-area epidemiology. This paper attempts to fill this current gap by producing a Vintage 2010 set of single-year-of-age estimates for census tracts, then evaluating their accuracy and precision in light of the results of the 2010 Census. These estimates are produced and evaluated for 499 census tracts in New Mexico for single-years of age from 0 to 21 and for each sex individually. The error distributions associated with these estimates are characterized statistically using non-parametric statistics including the median and 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. The impact of these errors are considered through simulations in which observed and estimated 2010 population counts are used as alternative denominators and simulated event counts are used to compute a realistic range fo prevalence values. The implications of the results of this study for small-area epidemiologic research in cancer and environmental health are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D Baker
- University of New Mexico, MSC06 3510, Albuquerque, NM 87131, Mexico.
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80
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Budd WT, Seashols S, Weaver D, Joseph C, Zehner ZE. A networks method for ranking microRNA dysregulation in cancer. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7 Suppl 5:S3. [PMID: 24564923 PMCID: PMC4028974 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-s5-s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the lack of agreement on their exact roles, it is known that miRNAs contribute to cancer progression. Many studies utilize methods to detect differential regulation of miRNA expression. It is prohibitively expensive to examine all potentially dysregulated miRNAs and traditionally, researchers have focused their efforts on the most extremely dysregulated miRNAs. These methods may overlook the contribution of less differentially expressed but more functionally relevant miRNAs. The purpose of this study was to outline a method that not only utilizes differential expression but ranks miRNAs based on the functional relevance of their targets. This work uses a networks based approach to determine the sum node degree for all experimentally verified miRNA targets to identify potential regulators of prostate cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. RESULTS Here, we present a method for identifying functionally relevant miRNAs that contribute to prostate cancer development. This paper shows that miRNAs preferentially regulate highly connected, central proteins within a protein-protein interaction network. Known targets of miRNAs differentially regulated during prostate cancer progression are enriched in pathways with known involvement in tumorigenesis. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, we utilized a unique model of prostate cancer progression to identify five miRNAs that may contribute to the oncogenic state of the cell. Three of these miRNAs have been shown by other studies to have a role in cancer but their exact role in prostate cancer remains undefined. CONCLUSION Developing methods to determine which miRNAs to carry forward into biological and biochemical analyses is important as traditional approaches often overlook miRNAs that contribute to oncogenesis. Our method applied to a model of prostate cancer progression was able to identify miRNAs with roles in prostate cancer development.
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Becker A, Tennstedt P, Hansen J, Trinh QD, Kluth L, Atassi N, Schlomm T, Salomon G, Haese A, Budaeus L, Michl U, Heinzer H, Huland H, Graefen M, Steuber T. Functional and oncological outcomes of patients aged <50 years treated with radical prostatectomy for localised prostate cancer in a European population. BJU Int 2013; 114:38-45. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Becker
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit; University of Montreal Health Center; Montreal Canada
| | - Pierre Tennstedt
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Jens Hansen
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Quoc-Dien Trinh
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit; University of Montreal Health Center; Montreal Canada
| | - Luis Kluth
- Department of Urology; University-Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Nabil Atassi
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Georg Salomon
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Lars Budaeus
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Uwe Michl
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Thomas Steuber
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
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Cronin-Fenton DP, Antonsen S, Cetin K, Acquavella J, Daniels A, Lash TL. Methods and rationale used in a matched cohort study of the incidence of new primary cancers following prostate cancer. Clin Epidemiol 2013; 5:429-37. [PMID: 24204172 PMCID: PMC3817011 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s49713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We describe several methodological issues that were addressed in conducting a Danish population-based matched cohort study comparing rates of new primary cancers (NPCs) in men with and without prostate cancer (PC). Methods We matched 30,220 men with PC to 151,100 men without PC (comparators) on age (±2 years) and PC diagnosis/index date. We focused on several methodological issues: 1) to address survival differences between the cohorts we compared rates with and without censoring comparators on the date their matched PC patient died or was censored; 2) to address diagnostic bias, we excluded men with a history of cancer from the comparator cohort; 3) to address prostate cancer immunity, we graphed the hazard of NPC in both cohorts, with and without prostate cancer as an outcome; 4) we used empirical Bayes methods to explore the effect of adjusting for multiple comparisons. Results After 18 months of follow-up, cumulative person-time was lower in the PC than comparator cohort due to higher mortality among PC patients. Terminating person-time in comparators at the matched PC patient’s death or loss to follow-up resulted in comparable person-time up to 30 months of follow-up and lower person-time among comparators thereafter. The hazard of NPC was lower among men with PC than comparators throughout follow-up. There was little difference in rates beyond the first four years of follow-up after removing PC as an outcome. Empirical Bayes adjustment for multiple comparisons had little effect on the estimates. Conclusion Addressing the issues of competing risks, treatment interference or diagnostic bias, prostate cancer immunity due to radical prostatectomy, and multiple comparisons lowered the deficit rate of NPCs among men with a history of PC compared with those without PC. However, the differing rates of NPCs may also be due to risk factor differences between the cohorts.
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Kavasmaa OT, Tyomkin DB, Mehik A, Parpala TM, Tonttila P, Paananen I, Kunelius P, Vaarala MH, Ohtonen P, Hellström PA. Changing trends in symptomatology, diagnostics, stage and survival of prostate cancer in Northern Finland during a period of 20 years. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:258. [PMID: 24094418 PMCID: PMC3851745 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in many countries. The aim of the present study was to find out how the symptoms leading to a diagnosis, diagnostic procedures and stages of the disease among prostate cancer patients have changed over a period of 20 years. METHODS This retrospective chart review consisted of 421 prostate cancer patients whose treatment was started in the years 1982, 1987, 1992, 1997 and 2002 at the Oulu University Hospital. Earlier prostatic disorders, specific urological symptoms, diagnostic procedures, the TNM classification and histological grade were recorded. RESULTS The number of symptom-free prostate cancer patients increased over the 20 years, as did the number of men suffering from chronic prostatitis, although the latter increase was not statistically significant. A drop in the number of clinical T4 cases and increase of clinical T1 and clinical T2 cases was recorded but no clear change in the histological distribution occurred. The 5-year prostate cancer-specific survival improved significantly over the 20 years. The urologist was found to be the person who was contacted first most often. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the number of prostate cancer patients has increased hugely over the period from 1982 to 2002 and although the clinical T stage has moved towards earlier stages, the proportion of well differentiated cancers remains low, so that most patients have clinically significant cancer with the need of some form of therapy. Further, prostate cancer-specific survival improved significantly over the period.
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84
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Prostate cancer incidence in light of the spatial distribution of another screening-detectable cancer. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2013; 6:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wachtel MS, Nelius T, Haynes AL, Dahlbeck S, de Riese W. PSA screening and deaths from prostate cancer after diagnosis--a population based analysis. Prostate 2013; 73:1365-9. [PMID: 23649537 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United States Preventative Health Task Force recently recommended prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening be abandoned, believing the results of prior studies failed to show benefits that outweighed risks. Prior analyses did not include a complete 10 year follow-up in their analyses. METHODS SEER rate sessions were used to obtain for U.S. White and Black men age-adjusted incidence rates for prostate cancer, in total and by loco-regional and distant (D2) spread for 1983-2009, as well as for prostate cancer diagnoses with associated prostate cancer deaths within 10 years of diagnosis (incidence based mortality rates) for 1983-1999. The SEER-Stat Program was used to tabulate rate estimates and calculate standard errors. The Joinpoint Regression Program was used to provide estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of annual percent changes (APC) and times at which APC changed (joinpoints), as well as to test for parallelism to see if APC's differed between groups of rates. RESULTS All analyses showed a 1991-1993 joinpoint, consistent with an impact of PSA screening. Between 1991 and 1999, incidence based mortality rates showed a decline for Whites of 10.9% (CI 9.2%-12.7%) and for Blacks of 11.6% (CI 9.7%-13.4%); incidence based mortality and D2 spread rate curves were similar (P > 0.05, test for parallelism). CONCLUSION Incidence based mortality declined by about 10% per year between 1991 and 1999 in a fashion similar to that of D2 spread, but not loco-regional spread or overall, incidence.
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86
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Oon SF, Cullen IM, Moran D, Bolton EM, McDermott T, Grainger R, Lynch TH. The effect of a Rapid Access Prostate Cancer Clinic on prostate cancer patient and disease characteristics, primary treatment and surgical workload. Ir J Med Sci 2013; 183:241-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-013-0997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Galluzzi L. New immunotherapeutic paradigms for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26084. [PMID: 28090392 PMCID: PMC5178378 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France; Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
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Ismail B, Ghezali L, Gueye R, Limami Y, Pouget C, Leger DY, Martin F, Beneytout JL, Duroux JL, Diab-Assaf M, Fagnere C, Liagre B. Novel methylsulfonyl chalcones as potential antiproliferative drugs for human prostate cancer: involvement of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1160-8. [PMID: 23877542 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited success has been achieved in extending the survival of patients with metastatic and hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). There is a strong need for novel agents in the treatment and prevention of HRPC. In the present study, the apoptotic mechanism of action of RG003 (2'-hydroxy-4-methylsulfonylchalcone) and RG005 (4'-chloro-2'-hydroxy-4-methylsulfonylchalcone) in association with intracellular signalling pathways was investigated in the hormone-independent prostate carcinoma cells PC-3 and DU145. We showed that these compounds induced apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway but not through the extrinsic one. We showed that synthetic chalcones induced an activation of caspase-9 but not caspase-8 in PC-3 cells. Even if both chalcones induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells, a dominant effect of RG003 treatment was observed resulting in a disruption of ∆ψm, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, in regard to our results, it is clear that the simultaneous inhibition of Akt and NF-κB signalling can significantly contribute to the anticancer effects of RG003 and RG005 in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. NF-κB inhibition was correlated with the reduction of COX-2 expression and induction of apoptosis. Our results clearly indicate for the first time that RG003 and RG005 exert their potent anti‑proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects through the modulation of Akt/NF-κB/COX-2 signal transduction pathways in PC-3 prostate cancer cells with a dominant effect for RG003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassel Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Limoges, FR 3503 GEIST, EA1069, GDR CNRS 3049, Limoges, France
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Trends in prostate cancer survival in Spain: results from population-based cancer registries. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 14:458-64. [PMID: 22634535 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to analyse the evolution of the survival of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer during the period 1995-2003. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a population survival study of incident cases of prostate cancer in four Spanish areas: Basque Country, Girona, Murcia and Navarra. We calculated the relative survival (RS) at 5 years and its 95% confidence intervals using a cohort analysis and adjusted for age. To assess the trend in survival between the periods (1995-1999 and 2000-2003) a Poisson regression model was used, adjusting for age, region and period, obtaining the relative risk of death. RESULTS The number of patients diagnosed during the 1995- 1999 period was 6493 and 8331 in the period 2000-03. The RS at 5 years adjusted for age increased significantly, from 75.3% (95% CI 73.3-77.2) in the period 1995-99 to 85% (95% CI 83.4-86.4) in the period 2000-03. CONCLUSION In Spain the survival of patients with prostate cancer has increased significantly from 1999 to 2003, probably due to the advancement in diagnosis produced by the opportunistic screening of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Differences in the dissemination and use of the PSA level could explain the observed geographic differences in the increase of survival. It would be necessary to carry out studies to quantify the produced overdiagnosis by screening with PSA in prostate cancer.
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91
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality in the United States, with 5-year survival rates for patients with resectable tumors ranging from 15% to 20%. However, most patients presenting with distant metastases, are not resectable, and have a 5-year survival rate of close to 0%. This demonstrates a need for improved screening to identify pancreatic cancer while the tumor is still localized and amenable to surgical resection. Studies of patients with pancreatic tumors incidentally diagnosed demonstrate longer median survival than tumors discovered only when the patient is symptomatic, suggesting that early detection may improve outcome. Recent evidence from genomic sequencing indicates a 15-year interval for genetic progression of pancreatic cancer from initiation to the metastatic stage, suggesting a sufficient window for early detection. Still, many challenges remain in implementing effective screening. Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer relies on developing screening methodologies with highly sensitive and specific biomarkers and imaging modalities. It also depends on a better understanding of the risk factors and natural history of the disease to accurately identify high-risk groups that would be best served by screening. This review summarizes our current understanding of the biology of pancreatic cancer relevant to methods available for screening. At this time, given the lack of proven benefit in this disease, screening efforts should probably be undertaken in the context of prospective trials.
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92
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Li L, Wang L, Feng Z, Hu Z, Wang G, Yuan X, Wang H, Hu D. Prostate cancer magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): multidisciplinary standpoint. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2013; 3:100-12. [PMID: 23630657 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2013.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in men and a leading cause of death. Accurate assessment is a prerequisite for optimal clinical management and therapy selection of prostate cancer. There are several parameters and nomograms to differentiate between patients with clinically insignificant disease and patients in need of treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique which provides more detailed anatomical images due to high spatial resolution, superior contrast resolution, and multiplanar capability. State-of-the-art MRI techniques, such as diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), improve interpretation of prostate cancer imaging. In this article, we review the major role of MRI in the advanced management of prostate cancer to noninvasively improve tumor staging, biologic potential, treatment planning, therapy response, local recurrence, and to guide target biopsy for clinical suspected cancer with previous negative biopsy. Finally, future challenges and opportunities in prostate cancer management in the area of functional MRI are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Abstract
In this article, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths for African Americans and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, survival, and screening prevalence based upon incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. It is estimated that 176,620 new cases of cancer and 64,880 deaths will occur among African Americans in 2013. From 2000 to 2009, the overall cancer death rate among males declined faster among African Americans than whites (2.4% vs 1.7% per year), but among females, the rate of decline was similar (1.5% vs 1.4% per year, respectively). The decrease in cancer death rates among African American males was the largest of any racial or ethnic group. The reduction in overall cancer death rates since 1990 in men and 1991 in women translates to the avoidance of nearly 200,000 deaths from cancer among African Americans. Five-year relative survival is lower for African Americans than whites for most cancers at each stage of diagnosis. The extent to which these disparities reflect unequal access to health care versus other factors remains an active area of research. Overall, progress in reducing cancer death rates has been made, although more can and should be done to accelerate this progress through ensuring equitable access to cancer prevention, early detection, and state-of-the-art treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol DeSantis
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Morgan RM, Steele RJC, Nabi G, McCowan C. Socioeconomic variation and prostate specific antigen testing in the community: a United Kingdom based population study. J Urol 2013; 190:1207-12. [PMID: 23608675 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the association of prostate specific antigen testing with prostate cancer incidence, tumor differentiation and mortality according to socioeconomic status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were 96,484 men between 40 and 99 years old without preexisting prostate cancer who were registered with a general practitioner in the Tayside region of Scotland, United Kingdom, between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2008. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using anonymized health data, including biochemistry data on prostate specific antigen tests, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, cancer registry data set and General Register Office for Scotland death records. Main outcome measures were prostate specific antigen testing, prostate cancer incidence and death. RESULTS Men in the most affluent Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile had a greater chance of undergoing a prostate specific antigen test (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.40-1.57, p <0.001) and having prostate cancer (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.15-1.91, p = 0.002) than men in the most deprived quintile, adjusting for age. There was no association between deprivation index quintile and prostate cancer death. CONCLUSIONS Increased affluence was associated with a higher likelihood of a prostate specific antigen test and a higher incidence of prostate cancer. However, there were no observed differences by social class of the likelihood of a positive prostate specific antigen test or prostate cancer related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Morgan
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow (CM), Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Impaired expression of protein phosphatase 2A subunits enhances metastatic potential of human prostate cancer cells through activation of AKT pathway. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2590-600. [PMID: 23598299 PMCID: PMC3694226 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a dephosphorylating enzyme, loss of which can contribute to prostate cancer (PCa) pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyse the transcriptional and translational expression patterns of individual subunits of the PP2A holoenzyme during PCa progression. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot, and real-time PCR was performed on androgen-dependent (AD) and androgen-independent (AI) PCa cells, and benign and malignant prostate tissues for all the three PP2A (scaffold, regulatory, and catalytic) subunits. Mechanistic and functional studies were performed using various biochemical and cellular techniques. Results: Through immunohistochemical analysis we observed significantly reduced levels of PP2A-A and -B′γ subunits (P<0.001 and P=0.0002) in PCa specimens compared with benign prostate. Contemporarily, there was no significant difference in PP2A-C subunit expression between benign and malignant tissues. Similar to the expression pattern observed in tissues, the endogenous levels of PP2A-A and B′γ subunits were abrogated from the low metastatic to high metastatic and AD to AI cell line models, without any change in the catalytic subunit expression. Furthermore, using in vitro studies we demonstrated that PP2A-Aα scaffold subunit has a role in dampening AKT, β-catenin, and FAK (focal adhesion kinase) signalling. Conclusion: We conclude that loss of expression of scaffold and regulatory subunits of PP2A is responsible for its altered function during PCa pathogenesis.
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Shen CC, Hu YW, Hu LY, Hung MH, Su TP, Huang MW, Tsai CF, Ou SM, Yen SH, Tzeng CH, Chiou TJ, Chen TJ, Liu CJ. The risk of cancer in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: a nationwide population-based study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57399. [PMID: 23460851 PMCID: PMC3584040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of cancer among patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in a nationwide population-based dataset. METHODS We recruited newly-diagnosed GAD patients aged 20 years or older without antecedent cancer from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research database between 2000-2010. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of cancers were calculated in GAD patients, and the subgroup of GAD patients diagnosed by psychiatric specialists. RESULTS A total of 559 cancers developed among 19,793 GAD patients with a follow-up of 89,485 person-years (median follow-up of 4.34 years), leading to a significantly increased SIR of 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.24]. Male GAD patients had a significantly increased SIR overall (1.30, 95% CI 1.15-1.46) and for lung and prostate cancer (1.77, 95% CI 1.33-2.30 and 2.17, 95% CI 1.56-2.93, respectively). Patients over 80 years of age also had a significantly increased SIR (1.56, 95% CI 1.25-1.92), especially in males. However, psychiatrist-diagnosed GAD patients did not show increased cancer risk relative to the general population, perhaps due to having fewer physical comorbidities than non-psychiatrist-diagnosed GAD patients. CONCLUSION This study found that overall cancer risk is elevated among patients with GAD. The risk of lung and prostate cancer also increased in male patients with GAD. This increased cancer risk may be due to physical comorbidities and surveillance bias. Further prospective study is necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Che Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Hu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuli Veterans Hospital, Hualian, Taiwan
| | - Man-Hsin Hung
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wei Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Tsai
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Ming Ou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sang-Hue Yen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hwai Tzeng
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeon-Jye Chiou
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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97
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Kim SW, Kim SM, Bae H, Nam D, Lee JH, Lee SG, Shim BS, Kim SH, Ahn KS, Choi SH, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Embelin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis through the suppression of Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling cascades. Prostate 2013; 73:296-305. [PMID: 22887478 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling cascades play an important role both in the survival and proliferation of tumor cells. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the effects of embelin (EB), identified primarily from the Embelia ribes plant, on the Akt/mTOR/S6K1 activation, associated gene products, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. RESULTS EB exerted significant cytotoxic and suppressive effects on Akt and mTOR activation against androgen-independent PC-3 cells as compared to androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. Moreover, EB suppressed the constitutive activation of Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling cascade, which correlated with the induction of apoptosis as characterized by accumulation of cells in subG1 phase, positive Annexin V binding, down-regulation of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin, IAP-1, and IAP-2) and proliferative (cyclin D1) proteins, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of PARP. We also observed that EB can significantly enhance the apoptotic effects of a specific pharmacological Akt inhibitor when used in combination and also caused broad inhibition of all the three kinases in Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling axis in PC-3 cells. CONCLUSIONS EB inhibits multiple signaling cascades involved in tumorigenesis and can be used as a potential therapeutic candidate for both the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Won Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine and Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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98
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Smith DW, Stoimenova D, Eid K, Barqawi A. The role of targeted focal therapy in the management of low-risk prostate cancer: update on current challenges. Prostate Cancer 2012; 2012:587139. [PMID: 23346405 PMCID: PMC3549346 DOI: 10.1155/2012/587139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among men in the United States, second only to nonmelanomatous skin cancer. Since prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing came into widespread use in the late 1980s, there has been a sharp increase in annual prostate cancer incidence. Cancer-specific mortality, though, is relatively low. The majority of these cancers will not progress to mortal disease, yet most men who are diagnosed opt for treatment as opposed to observation or active surveillance (AS). These men are thus burdened with the morbidities associated with aggressive treatments, commonly incontinence and erectile dysfunction, without receiving a mortality benefit. It is therefore necessary to both continue investigating outcomes associated with AS and to develop less invasive techniques for those who desire treatment but without the significant potential for quality-of-life side effects seen with aggressive modalities. The goals of this paper are to discuss the problems of overdiagnosis and overtreatment since the advent of PSA screening as well as the potential for targeted focal therapy (TFT) to bridge the gap between AS and definitive therapies. Furthermore, patient selection criteria for TFT, costs, side effects, and brachytherapy template-guided three-dimensional mapping biopsies (3DMB) for tumor localization will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Smith
- Division of Urology, UC Denver School of Medicine, Academic Office One Building, Room 5602, 12631 East 17th Avenue C-319, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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99
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Na R, Jiang H, Kim ST, Wu Y, Tong S, Zhang L, Xu J, Sun Y, Ding Q. Outcomes and trends of prostate biopsy for prostate cancer in Chinese men from 2003 to 2011. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23189170 PMCID: PMC3506536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is growing in popularity in China, but its impact on biopsy characteristics and outcomes are poorly understood. Objective Our objective was to characterize prostate biopsy outcomes and trends in Chinese men over a 10-year period, since the increasing use of PSA tests. Methods All men (n = 1,650) who underwent prostate biopsy for PCa at Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China from 2003–2011 were evaluated. Demographic and clinical information was collected for each patient, including age, digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (prostate volume and nodule), total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) levels and free PSA ratio (fPSA/tPSA) prior to biopsy. Prostate biopsy was performed using six cores before October 2007 or ten cores thereafter. Logistic regression and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate our data. Results The overall positive rate of prostate biopsy for PCa was 47% and the rate decreased significantly over the years from 74% in 2003 to 33% in 2011 (P-trend = 0.004) . Age at diagnosis was slightly increased (P-trend = 0.04) while fPSA/tPSA was significantly decreased (P-trend = 1.11×10-5). A statistically significant trend was not observed for tPSA levels, prostate volume, or proportion of positive nodule. The model including multiple demographic and clinical variables (i.e., age, DRE, tPSA, fPSA/tPSA and transrectal ultrasound results) (AUC = 0.93) statistically outperformed models that included only PSA (AUC = 0.85) or fPSA/tPSA (AUC = 0.66) to predict PCa risks (P<0.05). Similar results were observed in a subgroup of men whose tPSA levels were lower than 20 ng/mL (AUC = 0.87, vs. AUC of tPSA = 0.62, P<0.05). Conclusions Detection rates of PCa and high-grade PCa among men that underwent prostate biopsy at the institution has decreased significantly in the past 10 years, likely due to increasing use of PSA tests. Predictive performance of demographic and clinical variables of PCa was excellent. These variables should be used in clinics to determine the need for prostate biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Na
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Seong-Tae Kim
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yishuo Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijun Tong
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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100
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Jayapalan JJ, Ng KL, Razack AHA, Hashim OH. Identification of potential complementary serum biomarkers to differentiate prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia using gel- and lectin-based proteomics analyses. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1855-62. [PMID: 22740474 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) is currently much reliant on the invasive and time-consuming transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate gland, particularly in light of the inefficient use of prostate-specific antigen as its biomarker. In the present study, we have profiled the sera of patients with PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using the gel- and lectin-based proteomics methods and demonstrated the significant differential expression of apolipoprotein AII, complement C3 beta chain fragment, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 fragment, transthyretin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and high molecular weight kininogen (light chain) between the two groups of patients' samples. Our data are suggestive of the potential use of the serum proteins as complementary biomarkers to effectively discriminate PCa from BPH, although this requires further extensive validation on clinically representative populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime J Jayapalan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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